add #include guard hack

According to MSVC manual (*1), cl.exe can skip including a header file
when that:

- contains #pragma once, or
- starts with #ifndef, or
- starts with #if ! defined.

GCC has a similar trick (*2), but it acts more stricter (e. g. there
must be _no tokens_ outside of #ifndef...#endif).

Sun C lacked #pragma once for a looong time.  Oracle Developer Studio
12.5 finally implemented it, but we cannot assume such recent version.

This changeset modifies header files so that each of them include
strictly one #ifndef...#endif.  I believe this is the most portable way
to trigger compiler optimizations. [Bug #16770]

*1: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/once
*2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cppinternals/Guard-Macros.html

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