1909 files changed, 91830 insertions, 30300 deletions

diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index 1ea5e59210..05ff204541 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ skip_commits:
     - '**/*.md'
     - '**/*.rdoc'
     - '**/.document'
+    - '**/*.[1-8]'
+    - '**/*.ronn'
 environment:
   ruby_version: "24-%Platform%"
-  zlib_version: "1.2.12"
   matrix:
+    # Test only the oldest supported version because AppVeyor is unstable, its concurrency
+    # is limited, and compatibility issues that happen only in newer versions are rare.
+    # You may test some other stuff on GitHub Actions instead.
     - build: vs
-      vs: 120
-      ssl: OpenSSL
-      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
-      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
-    - build: vs
-      vs: 140
+      vs: 120 # Visual Studio 2013
       ssl: OpenSSL-v111
+      # The worker image name. This is NOT the Visual Studio version we're using here.
       APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
       GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
   RELINE_TEST_ENCODING: "UTF-8"
@@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ for:
     - cd C:\Tools\vcpkg
     - git pull -q
     - .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
+    - ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg-tool/releases/download/2023-08-09/vcpkg.exe' -FileName 'C:\Tools\vcpkg\vcpkg.exe'
     - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
-    - vcpkg --triplet %Platform%-windows install libffi libyaml readline zlib
+    - vcpkg --triplet %Platform%-windows install --x-use-aria2 libffi libyaml readline zlib
     - CALL SET vcvars=%%^VS%VS%COMNTOOLS^%%..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat
     - SET vcvars
     - '"%vcvars%" %Platform:x64=amd64%'
@@ -69,9 +70,6 @@ for:
     - mkdir \usr\local\bin
     - mkdir \usr\local\include
     - mkdir \usr\local\lib
-    - SET ZLIB_ZIP=.downloaded-cache\zlib%zlib_version:.=%.zip
-    - if not exist %ZLIB_ZIP% curl -fsSL -o %ZLIB_ZIP% --retry 10 https://zlib.net/zlib%zlib_version:.=%.zip
-    - 7z x -aos -o%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\ext\zlib %ZLIB_ZIP%
     - for %%I in (%OPENSSL_DIR%\*.dll) do mklink /h \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
     - for %%I in (c:\Tools\vcpkg\installed\%Platform%-windows\bin\*.dll) do (
         if not %%~nI == readline mklink \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
@@ -79,6 +77,7 @@ for:
     - attrib +r /s /d
     - mkdir %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
   build_script:
+    - set HAVE_GIT=no
     - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
     - cd %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
     - >-
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ for:
     - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" btest
     - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" test-basic
     - >-
-      nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0
+      nmake -l "TESTOPTS=--timeout-scale=3.0
       --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor -j%JOBS%
       --exclude win32ole
       --exclude test_bignum
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ for:
     # separately execute tests without -j which may crash worker with -j.
     - >-
       nmake -l
-      "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor"
+      "TESTOPTS=--timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor"
       TESTS="
       ../test/win32ole
       ../test/ruby/test_bignum.rb
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ notifications:
       {{^isPullRequest}}
         {
           "ci": "AppVeyor CI",
-          "env": "Visual Studio 2013 / 2015",
+          "env": "Visual Studio 2013",
           "url": "{{buildUrl}}",
           "commit": "{{commitId}}",
           "branch": "{{branch}}"
diff --git a/.cirrus.yml b/.cirrus.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e7832ed00..0000000000
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-# This CI is used to test Arm cases. We can set the maximum 16 tasks.
-# The entire testing design is inspired from .github/workflows/compilers.yml.
-
-# By default, Cirrus mounts an empty volume to `/tmp`
-# which triggers all sorts of warnings like "system temporary path is world-writable: /tmp".
-# Lets workaround it by specifying a custom volume mount point.
-env:
-  CIRRUS_VOLUME: /cirrus-ci-volume
-  LANG: C.UTF-8
-
-task:
-  name: Arm64 Graviton2 / $CC
-  skip: "changesIncludeOnly('doc/**', '**.{md,rdoc}', '.document')"
-  arm_container:
-    # We use the arm64 images at https://github.com/ruby/ruby-ci-image/pkgs/container/ruby-ci-image .
-    image: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:$CC
-    # Define the used cpu core in each matrix task. We can use total 16 cpu
-    # cores in entire matrix. [cpu] = [total cpu: 16] / [number of tasks]
-    cpu: 8
-    # We can request maximum 4 GB per cpu.
-    # [memory per task] = [memory per cpu: 4 GB] * [cpu]
-    memory: 32G
-  env:
-    CIRRUS_CLONE_DEPTH: 50
-    optflags: '-O1'
-    debugflags: '-ggdb3'
-    RUBY_PREFIX: /tmp/ruby-prefix
-    RUBY_DEBUG: ci rgengc
-    RUBY_TESTOPTS: >-
-      -q
-      --color=always
-      --tty=no
-    matrix:
-      CC: clang-12
-      CC: gcc-11
-  id_script: id
-  set_env_script:
-    # Set `GNUMAKEFLAGS`, because the flags are GNU make specific. Note using
-    # the `make` environment variable used in compilers.yml causes some rubygems
-    # tests to fail.
-    # https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/4921
-    - echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-s -j$((1 + $CIRRUS_CPU))" >> $CIRRUS_ENV
-  print_env_script:
-    - echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=$GNUMAKEFLAGS"
-  # Arm containers are executed in AWS's EKS, and it's not yet supporting IPv6
-  # See https://github.com/aws/containers-roadmap/issues/835
-  disable_ipv6_script: sudo ./tool/disable_ipv6.sh
-  autogen_script: ./autogen.sh
-  configure_script: >-
-    ./configure -C
-    --enable-debug-env
-    --disable-install-doc
-    --with-ext=-test-/cxxanyargs,+
-    --prefix="$RUBY_PREFIX"
-  make_extract-extlibs_script: make extract-extlibs
-  make_incs_script: make incs
-  make_script: make
-  make_leaked-globals_script: make leaked-globals
-  make_test_script: make test
-  make_install_script: make install
-  install_gems_for_test_script: $RUBY_PREFIX/bin/gem install --no-doc timezone tzinfo
-  make_test-tool_script: make test-tool
-  make_test-all_script: make test-all
-  make_test-spec_script: make test-spec
-
-# The following is to test YJIT on ARM64 CPUs available on Cirrus CI
-yjit_task:
-  name: Arm64 Graviton2 / $CC YJIT
-  auto_cancellation: $CIRRUS_BRANCH != 'master'
-  skip: "changesIncludeOnly('doc/**', '**.{md,rdoc}')"
-  arm_container:
-    # We use the arm64 images at https://github.com/ruby/ruby-ci-image/pkgs/container/ruby-ci-image .
-    image: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:$CC
-    # Define the used cpu core in each matrix task. We can use total 16 cpu
-    # cores in entire matrix. [cpu] = [total cpu: 16] / [number of tasks]
-    cpu: 8
-    # We can request maximum 4 GB per cpu.
-    # [memory per task] = [memory per cpu: 4 GB] * [cpu]
-    memory: 32G
-  env:
-    CIRRUS_CLONE_DEPTH: 50
-    optflags: '-O1'
-    debugflags: '-ggdb3'
-    RUBY_PREFIX: /tmp/ruby-prefix
-    RUBY_DEBUG: ci rgengc
-    RUBY_TESTOPTS: >-
-      -q
-      --color=always
-      --tty=no
-    matrix:
-      - CC: clang-12
-        configure: --enable-yjit=dev
-      - CC: gcc-11
-        configure: --enable-yjit
-  id_script: id
-  set_env_script:
-    # Set `GNUMAKEFLAGS`, because the flags are GNU make specific. Note using
-    # the `make` environment variable used in compilers.yml causes some rubygems
-    # tests to fail.
-    # https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/4921
-    - echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-s -j$((1 + $CIRRUS_CPU))" >> $CIRRUS_ENV
-  print_env_script:
-    - echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=$GNUMAKEFLAGS"
-  # Arm containers are executed in AWS's EKS, and it's not yet supporting IPv6
-  # See https://github.com/aws/containers-roadmap/issues/835
-  disable_ipv6_script: sudo ./tool/disable_ipv6.sh
-  install_rust_script:
-    - sudo apt-get update -y
-    - sudo apt-get install -y curl
-    - "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y"
-  autogen_script: ./autogen.sh
-  configure_script: >-
-    source $HOME/.cargo/env && ./configure -C
-    --enable-debug-env
-    --disable-install-doc
-    --with-ext=-test-/cxxanyargs,+
-    --prefix="$RUBY_PREFIX"
-    $configure
-  make_miniruby_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && make miniruby
-  make_bindgen_script: |
-    if [[ "$CC" = "clang-12" ]]; then
-      source $HOME/.cargo/env && make yjit-bindgen
-    else
-      echo "only running bindgen on clang image"
-    fi
-  boot_miniruby_script: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./miniruby --yjit-call-threshold=1 -e0
-  test_dump_insns_script: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./miniruby --yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-dump-insns -e0
-  output_stats_script: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./miniruby --yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-stats -e0
-  full_build_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && make
-  cargo_test_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && cd yjit && cargo test
-  make_test_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && make test RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-verify-ctx"
-  make_test_all_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && make test-all RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1" TESTOPTS="$RUBY_TESTOPTS"
-  make_test_spec_script: source $HOME/.cargo/env && make test-spec RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
diff --git a/.document b/.document
index ec2fa09326..3a6b0c238c 100644
--- a/.document
+++ b/.document
@@ -18,15 +18,18 @@ gc.rb
 io.rb
 kernel.rb
 marshal.rb
+mjit.rb
 numeric.rb
 nilclass.rb
 pack.rb
 ractor.rb
 string.rb
+symbol.rb
 timev.rb
 thread_sync.rb
 trace_point.rb
 warning.rb
+yjit.rb
 
 # the lib/ directory (which has its own .document file)
 lib
diff --git a/.github/auto_request_review.yml b/.github/auto_request_review.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index d058b6ca00..0000000000
--- a/.github/auto_request_review.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-files:
-  'yjit*': [team:yjit]
-  'yjit/**/*': [team:yjit]
-  'doc/yjit/*': [team:yjit]
-  'bootstraptest/test_yjit*': [team:yjit]
-  'test/ruby/test_yjit*': [team:yjit]
-  '.github/workflows/yjit*': [team:yjit]
-options:
-  ignore_draft: true
diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
index 6036043d8c..91f82b842b 100644
--- a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
 name: "CodeQL config for the Ruby language"
 
 languages: cpp
-
-# syntax_suggest consumes an hour.
-paths-ignore:
-  - lib/syntax_suggest
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index b18fd29357..bc63aca35b 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ updates:
   - package-ecosystem: 'github-actions'
     directory: '/'
     schedule:
-      interval: 'weekly'
+      interval: 'monthly'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml b/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e163de697..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-name: Auto Request Review
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [opened, ready_for_review, reopened]
-jobs:
-  auto-request-review:
-    name: Auto Request Review
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Request review based on files changes and/or groups the author belongs to
-        uses: necojackarc/auto-request-review@e08cdffa277d50854744de3f76230260e61c67f4 # v0.7.0, checking sha
-        with:
-          # scope: public_repo
-          token: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
index 1c314da911..ebaafe3bf0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
@@ -4,22 +4,36 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   baseruby:
     name: BASERUBY
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -34,12 +48,12 @@ jobs:
           - ruby-3.1
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: .downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
@@ -51,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: make incs
       - run: make all
       - run: make test
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -59,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / BASERUBY @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
index f6f8b9a45b..070c0fa1dd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
@@ -2,18 +2,31 @@ name: bundled_gems
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
     paths:
       - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
       - 'gems/bundled_gems'
   pull_request:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
+      - 'gems/bundled_gems'
+  merge_group:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
     paths:
       - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
       - 'gems/bundled_gems'
   schedule:
     - cron: '45 6 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   update:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for Git to git push
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
     name: update ${{ github.workflow }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -28,9 +41,9 @@ jobs:
           echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "TODAY=$(date +%F)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: .downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache-${{ github.sha }}
@@ -68,14 +81,14 @@ jobs:
               [g, v] unless last[g] == v
             end
             changed, added = changed.partition {|g, _| last[g]}
-            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following #{type} gems? are updated\.\n\K(?: \1\* .*\n)*/) do
-              mark = "#{$1} * "
+            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following #{type} gems? are updated\.\n+\K(?: \1\*( +).*\n)*/) do
+              mark = "#{$1} *#{$2}"
               changed.map {|g, v|"#{mark}#{g} #{v}\n"}.join("")
             end or next
-            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following default gems are now bundled gems\.\n\K(?: \1\* .*\n)*/) do
-              mark = "#{$1} * "
+            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following default gems are now bundled gems\.\n+\K(?: \1\*( +).*\n)*/) do
+              mark = "#{$1} *#{$2}"
               added.map {|g, v|"#{mark}#{g} #{v}\n"}.join("")
-            end or next if added
+            end or next unless added.empty?
             File.write("NEWS.md", news)
           end
         shell: ruby {0}
@@ -137,3 +150,17 @@ jobs:
           GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
           GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
         if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && steps.show.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / update",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
index fab1989335..79b2916feb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,11 +26,14 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   update-deps:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
       fail-fast: true
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
@@ -34,15 +46,14 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
       - name: Install libraries
         run: |
-          brew upgrade
           brew install gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'macos') }}
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: .downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -52,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: make all golf
       - run: ruby tool/update-deps --fix
       - run: git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -60,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / Dependencies need to update",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 32a07f7fd6..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-name: Miscellaneous checks
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
-
-jobs:
-  checks:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Check if C-sources are US-ASCII
-        run: |
-          ! grep -r -n '[^	 -~]' *.[chy] include internal win32/*.[ch]
-      - name: Check for trailing spaces
-        run: |
-          ! git grep -n '[	 ]$' '*.rb' '*.[chy]'
-      - name: Check for header macros
-        run: |
-          ! for header in ruby/*.h; do \
-            git grep -l -F -e $header -e HAVE_`echo $header | tr a-z./ A-Z__` -- . > /dev/null || echo $header
-          done | grep -F .
-        working-directory: include
-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: .downloaded-cache
-          key: downloaded-cache-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            downloaded-cache
-
-      - name: Download previous gems list
-        run: |
-          data=default_gems.json
-          mkdir -p .downloaded-cache
-          ln -s .downloaded-cache/$data .
-          curl -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
-
-      - name: Make default gems list
-        run: |
-          #!ruby
-          require 'rubygems'
-          $:.unshift "lib"
-          rgver = File.foreach("lib/rubygems.rb") do |line|
-            break $1 if /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"/ =~ line
-          end
-          gems = Dir.glob("{ext,lib}/**/*.gemspec").map do |f|
-            spec = Gem::Specification.load(f)
-            "#{spec.name} #{spec.version}"
-          end.sort
-          File.open("gems/default_gems", "w") do |f|
-            f.puts "RubyGems #{rgver}"
-            f.puts gems
-          end
-        shell: ruby --disable=gems {0}
-
-      - name: Maintain updated gems list in NEWS
-        run: |
-          #!ruby
-          require 'json'
-          news = File.read("NEWS.md")
-          prev = news[/since the \*+(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\*+/, 1]
-          prevs = [prev, prev.sub(/\.\d+\z/, '')]
-          %W[default].each do |type|
-            last = JSON.parse(File.read("#{type}_gems.json"))['gems'].filter_map do |g|
-              v = g['versions'].values_at(*prevs).compact.first
-              g = g['gem']
-              g = 'RubyGems' if g == 'rubygems'
-              [g, v] if v
-            end.to_h
-            changed = File.foreach("gems/#{type}_gems").filter_map do |l|
-              next if l.start_with?("#")
-              g, v = l.split(" ", 3)
-              [g, v] unless last[g] == v
-            end
-            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following #{type} gems? are updated\.\n\K(?: \1\* .*\n)*/) do
-              mark = "#{$1} * "
-              changed.map {|g, v|"#{mark}#{g} #{v}\n"}.join("")
-            end or next
-            File.write("NEWS.md", news)
-          end
-        shell: ruby {0}
-
-      - name: Check diffs
-        id: diff
-        run: |
-          git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code NEWS.md
-        continue-on-error: true
-      - name: Commit
-        run: |
-          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-          git commit --message="Update default gems list at ${GITHUB_SHA:0:30} [ci skip]" NEWS.md
-          git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-        env:
-          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
-          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
-          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
-        if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && steps.diff.outcome == 'failure' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index f9fa0a7449..8dba76fbe2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -1,31 +1,42 @@
 name: "Code scanning - action"
 
 on:
-  push:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
+  # push:
+  #   paths-ignore:
+  #     - 'doc/**'
+  #     - '**/man'
+  #     - '**.md'
+  #     - '**.rdoc'
+  #     - '**/.document'
+  # pull_request:
+  #   paths-ignore:
+  #     - 'doc/**'
+  #     - '**/man'
+  #     - '**.md'
+  #     - '**.rdoc'
+  #     - '**/.document'
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 12 * * 4'
+    - cron: '0 12 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   CodeQL-Build:
 
     # CodeQL runs on ubuntu-latest and windows-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read  # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      security-events: write  # for github/codeql-action/autobuild to send a status report
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    # CodeQL fails to run pull requests from dependabot due to missing write access to upload results.
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') && github.event.head_commit.pusher.name != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
 
     env:
       enable_install_doc: no
@@ -38,9 +49,9 @@ jobs:
         sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
 
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
-    - uses: actions/cache@v3
+    - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
       with:
         path: .downloaded-cache
         key: downloaded-cache
@@ -49,15 +60,16 @@ jobs:
       run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
 
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
       with:
         config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+        trap-caching: false
 
     - name: Set ENV
       run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
index 70d0e3ae6c..caf12cc0f4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
@@ -4,13 +4,20 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
-      - '**.md'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
 
@@ -56,6 +63,9 @@ env:
     --color=always
     --tty=no
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   compile:
     strategy:
@@ -70,27 +80,13 @@ jobs:
           - { name: gcc-9,     env: { default_cc: gcc-9 } }
           - { name: gcc-8,     env: { default_cc: gcc-8 } }
           - { name: gcc-7,     env: { default_cc: gcc-7 } }
-          - { name: gcc-6,     env: { default_cc: gcc-6 } }
-          - { name: gcc-5,     env: { default_cc: gcc-5 } }
-          - { name: gcc-4.8,   env: { default_cc: gcc-4.8 } }
-          - name: 'gcc-11 LTO'
-            container: gcc-11
+          - name: 'gcc-13 LTO'
+            container: gcc-13
             env:
-              default_cc: 'gcc-11 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects'
+              default_cc: 'gcc-13 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -Werror=lto-type-mismatch'
               optflags: '-O2'
             shared: disable
             # check: true
-          - name: 'gcc-11 annocheck'
-            container: gcc-11
-            env:
-              # Minimal flags to pass the check.
-              default_cc: 'gcc-11 -O2 -fcf-protection -Wa,--generate-missing-build-notes=yes'
-              LDFLAGS: '-Wl,-z,now'
-              # FIXME: Drop skipping options
-              # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18061
-              # https://sourceware.org/annobin/annobin.html/Test-pie.html
-              TEST_ANNOCHECK_OPTS: "--skip-pie"
-            check: true
           - { name: clang-16,  env: { default_cc: clang-16 } }
           - { name: clang-15,  env: { default_cc: clang-15 } }
           - { name: clang-14,  env: { default_cc: clang-14 } }
@@ -98,17 +94,15 @@ jobs:
           - { name: clang-12,  env: { default_cc: clang-12 } }
           - { name: clang-11,  env: { default_cc: clang-11 } }
           - { name: clang-10,  env: { default_cc: clang-10 } }
-          - { name: clang-9,   env: { default_cc: clang-9 } }
-          - { name: clang-8,   env: { default_cc: clang-8 } }
-          - { name: clang-7,   env: { default_cc: clang-7 } }
-          - { name: clang-6.0, env: { default_cc: clang-6.0 } }
-          - { name: clang-5.0, env: { default_cc: clang-5.0 } }
-          - { name: clang-4.0, env: { default_cc: clang-4.0 } }
-          - { name: clang-3.9, env: { default_cc: clang-3.9 } }
-          - name: 'clang-14 LTO'
-            container: clang-14
+          # llvm-objcopy<=9 doesn't have --wildcard. It compiles, but leaves Rust symbols in libyjit.o.
+          - { name: clang-9,   env: { default_cc: clang-9,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-8,   env: { default_cc: clang-8,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-7,   env: { default_cc: clang-7,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-6.0, env: { default_cc: clang-6.0, append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - name: 'clang-16 LTO'
+            container: clang-16
             env:
-              default_cc: 'clang-14 -flto=auto'
+              default_cc: 'clang-16 -flto=auto'
               optflags: '-O2'
             shared: disable
             # check: true
@@ -174,7 +168,11 @@ jobs:
 #         - { name: VM_CHECK_MODE,                  env: { cppflags: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' } }
 
           - { name: USE_EMBED_CI=0,                 env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' } }
-          - { name: USE_FLONUM=0,                   env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0' } }
+          - name: USE_FLONUM=0,
+            env:
+              cppflags: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0'
+              # yjit requires FLONUM for the pointer tagging scheme
+              append_configure: '--disable-yjit'
 #         - { name: USE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS, env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS' } }
           - { name: USE_LAZY_LOAD,                  env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' } }
 #         - { name: USE_RINCGC=0,                   env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RINCGC=0' } }
@@ -227,10 +225,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: setenv
         run: |
           echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: make test-annocheck
         if: ${{ matrix.entry.check && endsWith(matrix.entry.name, 'annocheck') }}
 
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.entry.name }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
index 72f28a7b61..d8dc58b119 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,14 +26,18 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         test_task: ["check"] # "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems"
         os:
-          - macos-11
-          - macos-12
+          - macos-13
+          - macos-14
+          - macos-15
       fail-fast: false
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
@@ -37,21 +50,21 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Install libraries
         run: |
-          brew upgrade
-          brew install gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+          brew install gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline bison
         working-directory: src
       - name: Set ENV
         run: |
           echo "MAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH="/usr/local/opt/bison/bin:/opt/homebrew/opt/bison/bin:$PATH"" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
@@ -81,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests != '' }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -89,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.configure }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
index 020295baa1..0df917d3d8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 # Notes:
 # Actions console encoding causes issues, see test-all & test-spec steps
 #
@@ -28,19 +40,16 @@ jobs:
       MSYSTEM: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
       MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
       CHOST: "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
-      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
       CXXFLAGS: "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
       CPPFLAGS: "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048"
-      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe"
       UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - msystem: "MINGW64"
-            base_ruby: 2.6
-            test_task: "check"
-            test-all-opts: "--name=!/TestObjSpace#test_reachable_objects_during_iteration/"
+          # To mitigate flakiness of MinGW CI, we test only one runtime that newer MSYS2 uses.
           - msystem: "UCRT64"
             base_ruby: head
             test_task: "check"
@@ -56,15 +65,15 @@ jobs:
           git config --global core.eol lf
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Set up Ruby & MSYS2
-        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.base_ruby }}
       - name: set env
@@ -150,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
           make ${{ StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/') && matrix.test_task || 'test-spec' }}
         if: ${{matrix.test_task == 'check' || matrix.test_task == 'test-spec' || StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/')}}
 
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -158,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} ${{ matrix.msystem }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml
index 04c9ac4a9f..26f8a1b2aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
@@ -24,9 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - task: mjit-bindgen
       fail-fast: false
-    env:
-      SETARCH: ${{ matrix.arch && format('setarch {0}', matrix.arch) }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -35,28 +45,28 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Install libraries
-        env:
-          arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
         run: |
           set -x
-          arch=${arch:+:${arch/i[3-6]86/i386}}
-          ${arch:+sudo dpkg --add-architecture ${arch#:}}
           sudo apt-get update -q || :
           sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y \
-          ${arch:+cross}build-essential${arch/:/-} \
-          libssl-dev${arch} libyaml-dev${arch} libreadline6-dev${arch} \
-          zlib1g-dev${arch} libncurses5-dev${arch} libffi-dev${arch} \
-          libclang1-10${arch} \
-          bison autoconf ruby
-          sudo apt-get install -q -y pkg-config${arch} || :
+          build-essential \
+          libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev \
+          zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev \
+          libclang1-14 \
+          bison autoconf
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y pkg-config || :
+      - name: Set up Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -68,18 +78,14 @@ jobs:
       - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
-        env:
-          arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
-        run: >-
-          $SETARCH ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install --enable-yjit=dev_nodebug
-          ${arch:+--target=$arch-$OSTYPE --host=$arch-$OSTYPE}
-      - run: $SETARCH make incs
-      - run: $SETARCH make
-      - run: $SETARCH make install
-      - run: $SETARCH make ${{ matrix.task }}
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install --enable-yjit=dev_nodebug
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make
+      - run: make install
+      - run: make ${{ matrix.task }}
       - run: git diff --exit-code
         working-directory: src
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.configure }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
index b5065288c7..6f7181489a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
@@ -3,32 +3,47 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
+      - '**.[1-8]'
+      - '**.ronn'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '**.[1-8]'
+      - '**.ronn'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
-        jit_opts: [ "--mjit", "--mjit-wait" ]
+        test_task: [check] # to make job names consistent
+        mjit_opts: [--mjit-wait]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     env:
       TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.jit_opts }} --mjit-debug=-ggdb3'
+      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.mjit_opts }} --mjit-debug=-ggdb3'
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -42,10 +57,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -64,31 +79,30 @@ jobs:
       - run: make incs
       - run: make
       - run: sudo make -s install
-      - run: sudo apt-get install gdb # used by test / test-all failure
       - name: Run test
         run: |
-          ulimit -c unlimited
+          unset GNUMAKEFLAGS
           make -s test RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
         timeout-minutes: 60
-      - name: Run test-all
-        run: |
-          ulimit -c unlimited
-          make -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
-        timeout-minutes: 60
+      # - name: Run test-all
+      #   run: |
+      #     ulimit -c unlimited
+      #     make -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+      #   timeout-minutes: 60
       - name: Run test-spec
         run: |
-          ulimit -c unlimited
+          unset GNUMAKEFLAGS
           make -s test-spec RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
         timeout-minutes: 60
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.jit_opts }}",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.mjit_opts }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d4474d978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+name: Start release workflow
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '*'
+
+jobs:
+  notify:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build release package
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/actions/dispatches \
+            -d '{"event_type": "${{ github.ref }}"}'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c12a95362d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. They are provided
+# by a third-party and are governed by separate terms of service, privacy
+# policy, and support documentation.
+
+name: Scorecards supply-chain security
+on:
+  # For Branch-Protection check. Only the default branch is supported. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#branch-protection
+  branch_protection_rule:
+  # To guarantee Maintained check is occasionally updated. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#maintained
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '22 4 * * 2'
+  push:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+
+# Declare default permissions as read only.
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  analysis:
+    name: Scorecards analysis
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
+      security-events: write
+      # Needed to publish results and get a badge (see publish_results below).
+      id-token: write
+      # Uncomment the permissions below if installing in a private repository.
+      # contents: read
+      # actions: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout code"
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: "Run analysis"
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@ea651e62978af7915d09fe2e282747c798bf2dab # v2.4.1
+        with:
+          results_file: results.sarif
+          results_format: sarif
+          # (Optional) Read-only PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
+          # - you want to enable the Branch-Protection check on a *public* repository, or
+          # - you are installing Scorecards on a *private* repository
+          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#authentication-with-pat.
+          repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_READ_TOKEN }}
+
+          # Public repositories:
+          #   - Publish results to OpenSSF REST API for easy access by consumers
+          #   - Allows the repository to include the Scorecard badge.
+          #   - See https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#publishing-results.
+          # For private repositories:
+          #   - `publish_results` will always be set to `false`, regardless
+          #     of the value entered here.
+          publish_results: true
+
+      # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
+      # format to the repository Actions tab.
+      - name: "Upload artifact"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: SARIF file
+          path: results.sarif
+          retention-days: 5
+
+      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
+      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.27
+        with:
+          sarif_file: results.sarif
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
index 7bffe25bb2..4521195a2b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
@@ -2,47 +2,61 @@ name: Rubyspec Version Guards Check
 
 on:
   push:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
+    paths:
+      - 'spec/**'
+      - '!spec/*.md'
   pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
+    paths:
+      - 'spec/**'
+      - '!spec/*.md'
+  merge_group:
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   rubyspec:
     name: Rubyspec
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Document')
+      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.actor == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # Specs from ruby/spec should still run on all supported Ruby versions.
         # This also ensures the needed ruby_version_is guards are there, see spec/README.md.
         ruby:
-          - ruby-2.7
           - ruby-3.1
+          - ruby-3.2
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
+
       - run: gem install webrick
+
       - run: ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec
         working-directory: spec/ruby
         env:
           CHECK_LEAKS: true
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -50,8 +64,8 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / rubyspec @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index a1818182a3..4fbca1170e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
@@ -34,7 +46,6 @@ jobs:
           - test_task: check
             configure: "--enable-shared --enable-load-relative"
           - test_task: test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2
-          - test_task: test-syntax-suggest
           - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
           - test_task: test-bundled-gems
       fail-fast: false
@@ -42,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
       RUBY_DEBUG: ci
       SETARCH: ${{ matrix.arch && format('setarch {0}', matrix.arch) }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -68,10 +79,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -116,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
           TESTS: ${{ matrix.skipped_tests }}
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests != '' }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}${{ matrix.arch }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
index 553347d727..27920b5821 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
@@ -38,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
       WASI_SDK_VERSION_MINOR: 0
       BINARYEN_VERSION: 109
       WASMTIME_VERSION: v0.33.0
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -47,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
       - name: Install libraries
@@ -79,6 +91,18 @@ jobs:
           echo "WASI_SDK_PATH=/opt/wasi-sdk" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - name: Download config.guess with wasi version
+        run: |
+          rm tool/config.guess tool/config.sub
+          ruby tool/downloader.rb -d tool -e gnu config.guess config.sub
+        working-directory: src
+
       - name: Run configure
         run: |
           ../src/configure \
@@ -103,6 +127,20 @@ jobs:
           ruby ./bootstraptest/runner.rb --ruby="$(which wasmtime) run $PWD/../build/ruby --mapdir /::./ -- " --verbose "--sets=$NO_THREAD_TESTS"
         working-directory: src
 
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.name }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index ab9e35d5a3..c2bd4881c2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,90 +26,76 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - vs: 2019
           - vs: 2022
+            vcvers: -vcvars_ver=14.2
       fail-fast: false
-    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.vs < 2022 && '2019' || matrix.vs }}
+    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.vs }}
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     name: VisualStudio ${{ matrix.vs }}
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
       PATCH: C:\msys64\usr\bin\patch.exe
-      OS_VER: windows-${{ matrix.vs < 2022 && '2019' || matrix.vs }}
+      OS_VER: windows-${{ matrix.vs }}
     steps:
       - run: md build
         working-directory:
-      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@61f9e5e925871ba6c9e3e8da24ede83ea27fa91f # v2.27.0
         id: setup-msys2
         with:
           update: true
-          install: >-
-            patch
-        if: ${{ env.OS_VER != 'windows-2019' }}
+          install: bison patch
       - name: patch path
         shell: msys2 {0}
         run: echo PATCH=$(cygpath -wa $(command -v patch)) >> $GITHUB_ENV
         if: ${{ steps.setup-msys2.outcome == 'success' }}
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: C:\vcpkg\downloads
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ env.OS_VER }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ env.OS_VER }}-
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: C:\vcpkg\installed
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-${{ matrix.vs }}-${{ github.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-${{ matrix.os }}-
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-${{ matrix.vs }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-
       - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
         run: |
+          iex "& {$(irm get.scoop.sh)} -RunAsAdmin"
+          Join-Path (Resolve-Path ~).Path "scoop\shims" >> $Env:GITHUB_PATH
+          scoop install cmake@3.31.6
           vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install libffi libyaml openssl readline zlib
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ env.OS_VER }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ env.OS_VER }}-
-            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-
-      - name: Install libraries with chocolatey
-        run: |
-          # Using Choco-Install for retries, but it doesn't detect failures properly
-          # if you pass multiple package names in a single command.
-          Choco-Install -PackageName winflexbison3
-        shell: pwsh
+        shell:
+          pwsh
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global core.autocrlf false
           git config --global core.eol lf
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
       - name: setup env
         # %TEMP% is inconsistent with %TMP% and test-all expects they are consistent.
         # https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/712#issuecomment-613004302
+        # msys2/setup-msys2 installs MSYS2 to D:/a/_temp/msys64/usr/bin
         run: |
-          set VS=${{ matrix.vs }}
-          set VCVARS=${{ matrix.vcvars }}
+          set Path=D:/a/_temp/msys64/usr/bin;%Path%
           if not "%VCVARS%" == "" goto :vcset
-            set VCVARS="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\%VS%\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-            if not exist %VCVARS% set VCVARS="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\%VS%\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+            set VCVARS="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+            if not exist %VCVARS% set VCVARS="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
           :vcset
           set | C:\msys64\usr\bin\sort > old.env
-          call %VCVARS%
+          call %VCVARS% ${{ matrix.vcvers || ''}}
           set TMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
           set TEMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
           set /a TEST_JOBS=(15 * %NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% / 10) > nul
@@ -125,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: nmake extract-extlibs
       - run: nmake
         env:
-          YACC: win_bison
+          YACC: bison.exe
       - run: nmake test
         timeout-minutes: 5
       - run: nmake test-spec
@@ -134,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: -j${{env.TEST_JOBS}} --job-status=normal
         timeout-minutes: 60
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -142,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "VS${{ matrix.vs }} / ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
index ae108d72a5..0b7b9046e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
@@ -3,12 +3,21 @@ on:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
       - '**.md'
       - '**.rdoc'
       - '**/.document'
@@ -17,13 +26,16 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   cargo:
     name: Rust cargo test
     # GitHub Action's image seems to already contain a Rust 1.58.0.
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       # For now we can't run cargo test --offline because it complains about the
       # capstone dependency, even though the dependency is optional
       #- run: cargo test --offline
@@ -40,19 +52,23 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - test_task: "check-yjit-bindings"
-            configure: "--with-gcc=clang-12 --enable-yjit=dev"
+          - test_task: 'yjit-bindgen'
+            hint: 'To fix: use patch in logs'
+            configure: '--with-gcc=clang-14 --enable-yjit=dev'
+            libclang_path: '/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/libclang.so.1'
 
           - test_task: "check"
-            configure: "--enable-yjit RUSTC='rustc +1.58.1'" # release build
-            rust_version: "1.58.1"
+            # YJIT should be automatically built in release mode on x86-64 Linux with rustc present
+            #configure: "--enable-yjit RUSTC='rustc +1.58.0'"
+            configure: "RUSTC='rustc +1.58.0'"
+            rust_version: "1.58.0"
 
           - test_task: "check"
             configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
 
           - test_task: "check"
             configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
-            yjit_opts: "--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+            yjit_opts: "--yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-verify-ctx"
 
           - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
             configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
@@ -69,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
       YJIT_BENCH_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_bench_opts }}
       RUBY_DEBUG: ci
       BUNDLE_JOBS: 8 # for yjit-bench
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -86,10 +102,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
           git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
           path: src/.downloaded-cache
           key: downloaded-cache
@@ -117,6 +133,9 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
       - name: Enable YJIT through ENV
         run: echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      # Check that the binary was built with YJIT
+      - name: Check YJIT enabled
+        run: ./miniruby --yjit -v | grep "+YJIT"
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: make -s -j ${{ matrix.test_task }} RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" YJIT_BENCH_OPTS="$YJIT_BENCH_OPTS"
         timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -124,6 +143,7 @@ jobs:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
           TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
+          LIBCLANG_PATH: ${{ matrix.libclang_path }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'yjit-bench' }}
       - name: Show ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }} GitHub URL for yjit-bench comparison
         run: echo "https://github.com/${BASE_REPO}/commit/${BASE_SHA}"
@@ -131,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
           BASE_REPO: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name }}
           BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'yjit-bench' && startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -139,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 4bbf24f094..99d32a1825 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 *.inc
 *.log
 *.o
+*.o.tmp
 *.obj
 *.old
 *.orig
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 *.sav
 *.sl
 *.so
+*.so.*
 *.swp
 *.yarb
 *~
@@ -145,6 +147,8 @@ lcov*.info
 
 /bin/*.exe
 /bin/*.dll
+/bin/goruby
+/bin/ruby
 
 # /benchmark/
 /benchmark/bm_require.data
@@ -234,12 +238,13 @@ lcov*.info
 
 # MJIT
 /include/ruby-*/*/rb_mjit_min_header-*.h
-/lib/mjit/instruction.rb
+/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb
 /mjit_config.h
 /rb_mjit_header.h
 
 # YJIT
 /yjit-bench
+/yjit_exit_locations.dump
 
 # /wasm/
 /wasm/tests/*.wasm
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 665feba914..0000000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-# -*- YAML -*-
-# Copyright (C) 2011 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted,  to either  redistribute  or  modify this  file,  provided that  the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the  file for
-# details.
-
-# We only manage non-amd64 free pipelines.
-# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/billing-overview/
-
-language: c
-
-os: linux
-
-if: commit_message !~ /\[DOC\]/
-
-dist: focal
-
-git:
-  quiet: true
-
-cache:
-  ccache: true
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/config_2nd
-    - $HOME/.downloaded-cache
-
-env:
-  global:
-    # The tests skipped in `make test-all`.
-    - TEST_ALL_SKIPPED_TESTS=
-    # The tests executed separately by `make test-all`.
-    - TEST_ALL_SEPARATED_TESTS=
-    # Reset timestamps early
-    - _=$(touch NEWS && find . -type f -exec touch -r NEWS {} +)
-    - CONFIGURE_TTY=no
-    - CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK=none
-    - CCACHE_NOCOMPRESS=1
-    - CCACHE_MAXSIZE=512Mi
-    - NPROC="`nproc`"
-    # JOBS and SETARCH are overridden when necessary; see below.
-    - JOBS=-j$((1+${NPROC}))
-    - SETARCH=
-    - RUBY_PREFIX=/tmp/ruby-prefix
-    - GEMS_FOR_TEST='timezone tzinfo'
-    # https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-build/blob/e411371dda21430a60f61b8f3f57943d2fe4d344/lib/travis/build/bash/travis_apt_get_options.bash#L7
-    - travis_apt_get_options='--allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages'
-    - travis_apt_get_options="-yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $travis_apt_get_options"
-    # -O1 is faster than -O3 in our tests.
-    - optflags=-O1
-    # -g0 disables backtraces when SEGV.  Do not set that.
-    - debugflags=-ggdb3
-
-.org.ruby-lang.ci.matrix-definitions:
-
-  - &gcc-10
-    compiler: gcc-10
-    before_install:
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        ccache
-        gcc-10
-        g++-10
-        libffi-dev
-        libncurses-dev
-        libncursesw5-dev
-        libreadline-dev
-        libssl-dev
-        libyaml-dev
-        openssl
-        zlib1g-dev
-
-  # --------
-
-  - &arm64-linux
-    name: arm64-linux
-    arch: arm64
-    <<: *gcc-10
-
-  - &ppc64le-linux
-    name: ppc64le-linux
-    arch: ppc64le
-    <<: *gcc-10
-
-  - &s390x-linux
-    name: s390x-linux
-    arch: s390x
-    <<: *gcc-10
-
-  - &arm32-linux
-    name: arm32-linux
-    arch: arm64
-    # https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/crossbuild-essential-armhf
-    compiler: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
-    env:
-      - SETARCH='setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit'
-      # The "TestReadline#test_interrupt_in_other_thread" started failing on arm32
-      # from https://www.travis-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/jobs/529005145
-      - TEST_ALL_SKIPPED_TESTS=test_interrupt_in_other_thread
-    before_install:
-      - sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        ccache
-        crossbuild-essential-armhf
-        libc6:armhf
-        libstdc++-10-dev:armhf
-        libffi-dev:armhf
-        libncurses-dev:armhf
-        libncursesw5-dev:armhf
-        libreadline-dev:armhf
-        libssl-dev:armhf
-        libyaml-dev:armhf
-        linux-libc-dev:armhf
-        zlib1g-dev:armhf
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    # Build every commit (Allowed Failures):
-    - <<: *arm32-linux
-    # Comment out as the 2nd arm64 pipeline is unstable.
-    # - <<: *arm64-linux
-    - <<: *ppc64le-linux
-    - <<: *s390x-linux
-  allow_failures:
-    # We see multiple errors indicating errors on the Travis environment itself in a short while:
-    # https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/jobs/544382885
-    # https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/jobs/544361370
-    # It's not a fault of Ruby's arm32 support but just Travis arm32 seems unsable.
-    - name: arm32-linux
-    # - name: arm64-linux
-    # We see "Some worker was crashed." in about 40% of recent ppc64le-linux jobs
-    # e.g. https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/jobs/530959548
-    - name: ppc64le-linux
-    # Tentatively disable, because often hungs up **after** all tests
-    # have finished successfully and saving caches.
-    - name: s390x-linux
-  fast_finish: true
-
-before_script:
-  - . tool/ci_functions.sh
-  - |-
-    if [ -n "${TEST_ALL_SKIPPED_TESTS}" ]; then
-      TEST_ALL_OPTS="${TEST_ALL_OPTS} $(ci_to_excluded_test_opts "${TEST_ALL_SKIPPED_TESTS}")"
-      if [ -z "${TEST_ALL_SEPARATED_TESTS}" ]; then
-        TEST_ALL_SEPARATED_TESTS="${TEST_ALL_SKIPPED_TESTS}"
-      fi
-    fi
-  - |-
-    if [ -n "${TEST_ALL_SEPARATED_TESTS}" ]; then
-      TEST_ALL_OPTS_SEPARATED="$(ci_to_included_test_opts "${TEST_ALL_SEPARATED_TESTS}")"
-    fi
-  - echo TEST_ALL_OPTS="${TEST_ALL_OPTS}" TEST_ALL_OPTS_SEPARATED="${TEST_ALL_OPTS_SEPARATED}"
-  - rm -fr .ext autom4te.cache
-  - |-
-    [ -d ~/.downloaded-cache ] ||
-    mkdir ~/.downloaded-cache
-  - ln -s ~/.downloaded-cache
-  - "> config.status"
-  - "> .rbconfig.time"
-  - sed -f tool/prereq.status template/Makefile.in common.mk > Makefile
-  - make -s $JOBS up
-  - make -s $JOBS srcs
-  - rm -f config.status Makefile rbconfig.rb .rbconfig.time
-  - |-
-    if [ -d ~/config_2nd ]; then
-      cp -pr ~/config_2nd build
-    else
-      mkdir build
-    fi
-  - mkdir config_1st config_2nd gems/src
-  - chmod -R a-w .
-  - chmod -R u+w build config_1st config_2nd gems/src
-  - cd build
-  - |-
-    case "$CC" in
-    gcc*)   CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-diagnostics-color";;
-    clang*) CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-color-diagnostics";;
-    esac
-  - |-
-    [ ! -f config.cache ] ||
-    [ "$CC" = "`sed -n s/^ac_cv_prog_CC=//p config.cache`" ] ||
-    (set -x; exec rm config.cache)
-  - $SETARCH ../configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$RUBY_PREFIX $CONFIG_FLAG
-  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_1st
-  - $SETARCH make reconfig
-  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_2nd
-  - (cd .. && exec diff -ru config_1st config_2nd)
-  - chmod u+w ..
-  - rm -rf ~/config_2nd
-  - mv ../config_2nd ~
-  - chmod u-w ..
-  - $SETARCH make -s $JOBS
-  - make -s install
-  - |-
-    [ -z "${GEMS_FOR_TEST}" ] ||
-    $RUBY_PREFIX/bin/gem install --no-document $GEMS_FOR_TEST
-  - echo "raise 'do not load ~/.irbrc in test'" > ~/.irbrc
-
-script:
-  - $SETARCH make -s test -o showflags TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
-  - ../tool/travis_wait.sh $SETARCH make -s test-all -o exts TESTOPTS="$JOBS -q --tty=no ${TEST_ALL_OPTS}" RUBYOPT="-w"
-  # Run the failing tests separately returning ok status to check if it works,
-  # visualize them.
-  - |
-    if [ -n "${TEST_ALL_OPTS_SEPARATED}" ]; then
-      $SETARCH make -s test-all -o exts TESTOPTS="$JOBS -v --tty=no ${TEST_ALL_OPTS_SEPARATED}" RUBYOPT="-w" || :
-    fi
-  - $SETARCH make -s test-spec MSPECOPT=-ff # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies
-  - $SETARCH make -s -o showflags leaked-globals
-
-# We enable Travis on the specific branches or forked repositories here.
-if: (repo = ruby/ruby AND (branch = master OR branch =~ /^ruby_\d_\d$/)) OR repo != ruby/ruby
-
-# We want to be notified when something happens.
-notifications:
-  irc:
-    channels:
-      - "chat.freenode.net#ruby-core"
-    on_success: change # [always|never|change] # default: always
-    on_failure: always # [always|never|change] # default: always
-    template:
-      - "%{message} by @%{author}: See %{build_url}"
-
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - secure: mRsoS/UbqDkKkW5p3AEqM27d4SZnV6Gsylo3bm8T/deltQzTsGzZwrm7OIBXZv0UFZdE68XmPlyHfZFLSP2V9QZ7apXMf9/vw0GtcSe1gchtnjpAPF6lYBn7nMCbVPPx9cS0dwL927fjdRM1vj7IKZ2bk4F0lAJ25R25S6teqdk= # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot (travis)
-    on_success: never
-    on_failure: always
-
-  email:
-    - jaruga@ruby-lang.org
diff --git a/LEGAL b/LEGAL
index 9645728efe..0423d57ac9 100644
--- a/LEGAL
+++ b/LEGAL
@@ -979,7 +979,6 @@ mentioned below.
     {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
 
 [lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo]
-[lib/bundler/vendor/molinillo]
 
   molinillo is under the following license.
 
@@ -988,6 +987,15 @@ mentioned below.
 
     {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
 
+[lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub]
+
+  pub_grub is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2018 John Hawthorn
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
 [lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool]
 
   connection_pool is under the following license.
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 1f0cb77fee..f6c3c6fc97 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
 * A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords will
   no longer autosplat. [[Bug #18633]]
 
-  ```ruby
-  proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])
-  # Ruby 3.1 and before
-  # => 1
-  # Ruby 3.2 and after
-  # => [1, 2]
-  ```
+    ```ruby
+    proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])
+    # Ruby 3.1 and before
+    # => 1
+    # Ruby 3.2 and after
+    # => [1, 2]
+    ```
 
 * Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicit
   objects has been made consistent with single attribute assignment
@@ -39,24 +39,24 @@ Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
     foo::BAR = baz
     ```
 
-  `foo` is now called before `baz`. Similarly, for multiple assignments
-  to constants,  left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this
-  code:
+    `foo` is now called before `baz`. Similarly, for multiple assignments
+    to constants,  left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this
+    code:
 
     ```ruby
-      foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
+    foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
     ```
 
-  The following evaluation order is now used:
+    The following evaluation order is now used:
 
-  1. `foo1`
-  2. `foo2`
-  3. `baz1`
-  4. `baz2`
+    1. `foo1`
+    2. `foo2`
+    3. `baz1`
+    4. `baz2`
 
-  [[Bug #15928]]
+    [[Bug #15928]]
 
-* Find pattern is no longer experimental.
+* "Find pattern" is no longer experimental.
   [[Feature #18585]]
 
 * Methods taking a rest parameter (like `*args`) and wishing to delegate keyword
@@ -90,44 +90,151 @@ Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
     foo(k: 1)
     ```
 
-## Command line options
-
 ## Core classes updates
 
 Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
 
+* Fiber
+
+    * Introduce Fiber.[] and Fiber.[]= for inheritable fiber storage.
+      Introduce Fiber#storage and Fiber#storage= (experimental) for
+      getting and resetting the current storage.  Introduce
+      `Fiber.new(storage:)` for setting the storage when creating a
+      fiber. [[Feature #19078]]
+
+        Existing Thread and Fiber local variables can be tricky to use.
+        Thread-local variables are shared between all fibers, making it
+        hard to isolate, while Fiber-local variables can be hard to
+        share.  It is often desirable to define unit of execution
+        ("execution context") such that some state is shared between all
+        fibers and threads created in that context.  This is what Fiber
+        storage provides.
+
+        ```ruby
+        def log(message)
+          puts "#{Fiber[:request_id]}: #{message}"
+        end
+
+        def handle_requests
+          while request = read_request
+            Fiber.schedule do
+              Fiber[:request_id] = SecureRandom.uuid
+
+              request.messages.each do |message|
+                Fiber.schedule do
+                  log("Handling #{message}") # Log includes inherited request_id.
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        ```
+
+        You should generally consider Fiber storage for any state which
+        you want to be shared implicitly between all fibers and threads
+        created in a given context, e.g. a connection pool, a request
+        id, a logger level, environment variables, configuration, etc.
+
+* Fiber::Scheduler
+
+    * Introduce `Fiber::Scheduler#io_select` for non-blocking IO.select.
+      [[Feature #19060]]
+
+* IO
+
+    * Introduce IO#timeout= and IO#timeout which can cause
+      IO::TimeoutError to be raised if a blocking operation exceeds the
+      specified timeout. [[Feature #18630]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        STDIN.timeout = 1
+        STDIN.read # => Blocking operation timed out! (IO::TimeoutError)
+        ```
+
+    * Introduce `IO.new(..., path:)` and promote `File#path` to `IO#path`.
+      [[Feature #19036]]
+
+* Class
+
+    * Class#attached_object, which returns the object for which
+      the receiver is the singleton class. Raises TypeError if the
+      receiver is not a singleton class.
+      [[Feature #12084]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        class Foo; end
+
+        Foo.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> Foo
+        Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object    #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370>
+        Foo.attached_object                        #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class
+        nil.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class
+        ```
+
+* Data
+
+    * New core class to represent simple immutable value object. The class is
+      similar to Struct and partially shares an implementation, but has more
+      lean and strict API. [[Feature #16122]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
+        distance = Measure.new(100, 'km')            #=> #<data Measure amount=100, unit="km">
+        weight = Measure.new(amount: 50, unit: 'kg') #=> #<data Measure amount=50, unit="kg">
+        weight.with(amount: 40)                      #=> #<data Measure amount=40, unit="kg">
+        weight.amount                                #=> 50
+        weight.amount = 40                           #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `amount='
+        ```
+
 * Encoding
+
     * Encoding#replicate has been deprecated and will be removed in 3.3. [[Feature #18949]]
     * The dummy `Encoding::UTF_16` and `Encoding::UTF_32` encodings no longer
       try to dynamically guess the endian based on a byte order mark.
-      Use `Encoding::UTF_16BE/UTF_16LE` and `Encoding::UTF_32BE/UTF_32LE` instead.
+      Use `Encoding::UTF_16BE`/`UTF_16LE` and `Encoding::UTF_32BE`/`UTF_32LE` instead.
       This change speeds up getting the encoding of a String. [[Feature #18949]]
+    * Limit maximum encoding set size by 256.
+      If exceeding maximum size, `EncodingError` will be raised. [[Feature #18949]]
 
 * Enumerator
+
     * Enumerator.product has been added.  Enumerator::Product is the implementation. [[Feature #18685]]
 
+* Exception
+
+    * Exception#detailed_message has been added.
+      The default error printer calls this method on the Exception object
+      instead of #message. [[Feature #18564]]
+
 * Hash
+
     * Hash#shift now always returns nil if the hash is
       empty, instead of returning the default value or
       calling the default proc. [[Bug #16908]]
 
 * Integer
+
     * Integer#ceildiv has been added. [[Feature #18809]]
 
 * Kernel
+
     * Kernel#binding raises RuntimeError if called from a non-Ruby frame
       (such as a method defined in C). [[Bug #18487]]
 
 * MatchData
+
     * MatchData#byteoffset has been added. [[Feature #13110]]
+    * MatchData#deconstruct has been added. [[Feature #18821]]
+    * MatchData#deconstruct_keys has been added. [[Feature #18821]]
 
 * Module
+
     * Module.used_refinements has been added. [[Feature #14332]]
     * Module#refinements has been added. [[Feature #12737]]
     * Module#const_added has been added. [[Feature #17881]]
     * Module#undefined_instance_methods has been added. [[Feature #12655]]
 
 * Proc
+
     * Proc#dup returns an instance of subclass. [[Bug #17545]]
     * Proc#parameters now accepts lambda keyword. [[Feature #15357]]
 
@@ -135,87 +242,335 @@ Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
     * Added `RLIMIT_NPTS` constant to FreeBSD platform
 
 * Regexp
+
+    * The cache-based optimization is introduced.
+      Many (but not all) Regexp matching is now in linear time, which
+      will prevent regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)
+      vulnerability. [[Feature #19104]]
+
+    * Regexp.linear_time? is introduced. [[Feature #19194]]
+
     * Regexp.new now supports passing the regexp flags not only as an Integer,
       but also as a String.  Unknown flags raise ArgumentError.
       Otherwise, anything other than `true`, `false`, `nil` or Integer will be warned.
       [[Feature #18788]]
 
+    * Regexp.timeout= has been added. Also, Regexp.new new supports timeout keyword.
+      See [[Feature #17837]]
+
 * Refinement
+
     * Refinement#refined_class has been added. [[Feature #12737]]
 
+* RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
+
+    * Add `error_tolerant` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. [[Feature #19013]]
+      With this option
+
+        1. SyntaxError is suppressed
+        2. AST is returned for invalid input
+        3. `end` is complemented when a parser reaches to the end of input but `end` is insufficient
+        4. `end` is treated as keyword based on indent
+
+        ```ruby
+        # Without error_tolerant option
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY)
+        def m
+          a = 10
+          if
+        end
+        RUBY
+        # => <internal:ast>:33:in `parse': syntax error, unexpected `end' (SyntaxError)
+
+        # With error_tolerant option
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true)
+        def m
+          a = 10
+          if
+        end
+        RUBY
+        p root # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-4:3>
+
+        # `end` is treated as keyword based on indent
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true)
+        module Z
+          class Foo
+            foo.
+          end
+
+          def bar
+          end
+        end
+        RUBY
+        p root.children[-1].children[-1].children[-1].children[-2..-1]
+        # => [#<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:CLASS@2:2-4:5>, #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:DEFN@6:2-7:5>]
+        ```
+
+    * Add `keep_tokens` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. Add `#tokens` and `#all_tokens`
+      for RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node [[Feature #19070]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true)
+        root.tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...]
+        root.tokens.map{_1[2]}.join # => "x = 1 + 2"
+        ```
+
 * Set
-    * Set is now available as a built-in class without the need for `require "set"`. [[Feature #16989]]
-      It is currently autoloaded via the `Set` constant or a call to `Enumerable#to_set`.
 
-* Socket
-    * Added the following constants for supported platforms.
-      * `SO_INCOMING_CPU`
-      * `SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID`
-      * `SO_RTABLE`
-      * `SO_SETFIB`
-      * `SO_USER_COOKIE`
-      * `TCP_KEEPALIVE`
-      * `TCP_CONNECTION_INFO`
+    * Set is now available as a built-in class without the need for `require "set"`. [[Feature #16989]]
+      It is currently autoloaded via the Set constant or a call to Enumerable#to_set.
 
 * String
+
     * String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [[Feature #13110]]
-    * Update Unicode to Version 14.0.0 and Emoji Version 14.0. [[Feature #18037]]
+    * Update Unicode to Version 15.0.0 and Emoji Version 15.0. [[Feature #18639]]
       (also applies to Regexp)
     * String#bytesplice has been added.  [[Feature #18598]]
+    * String#dedup has been added as an alias to String#-@.  [[Feature #18595]]
 
 * Struct
+
     * A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword arguments
-      without `keyword_init: true` on `Struct.new` [[Feature #16806]]
+      without `keyword_init: true` on Struct.new [[Feature #16806]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        Post = Struct.new(:id, :name)
+        Post.new(1, "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">
+        # From Ruby 3.2, the following code also works without keyword_init: true.
+        Post.new(id: 1, name: "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">
+        ```
+
+* Thread
+
+    * Thread.each_caller_location is added. [[Feature #16663]]
+
+* Thread::Queue
+
+    * Thread::Queue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]]
+
+* Thread::SizedQueue
+
+    * Thread::SizedQueue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]]
+    * Thread::SizedQueue#push(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18944]]
+
+* Time
+
+    * Time#deconstruct_keys is added, allowing to use Time instances
+      in pattern-matching expressions [[Feature #19071]]
+
+    * Time.new now can parse a string like generated by Time#inspect
+      and return a Time instance based on the given argument.
+      [[Feature #18033]]
+
+* SyntaxError
+    * SyntaxError#path has been added.  [[Feature #19138]]
 
 * TracePoint
+
     * TracePoint#binding now returns `nil` for `c_call`/`c_return` TracePoints.
       [[Bug #18487]]
     * TracePoint#enable `target_thread` keyword argument now defaults to the
-      current thread if `target` and `target_line` keyword arguments are not
-      passed. [[Bug #16889]]
+      current thread if a block is given and `target` and `target_line` keyword
+      arguments are not passed. [[Bug #16889]]
+
+* UnboundMethod
+
+    * `UnboundMethod#==` returns `true` if the actual method is same. For example,
+      `String.instance_method(:object_id) == Array.instance_method(:object_id)`
+      returns `true`. [[Feature #18798]]
+
+    * `UnboundMethod#inspect` does not show the receiver of `instance_method`.
+      For example `String.instance_method(:object_id).inspect` returns
+      `"#<UnboundMethod: Kernel#object_id()>"`
+      (was `"#<UnboundMethod: String(Kernel)#object_id()>"`).
+
+* GC
+
+    * Expose `need_major_gc` via `GC.latest_gc_info`. [GH-6791]
+
+* ObjectSpace
+
+    * `ObjectSpace.dump_all` dump shapes as well. [GH-6868]
 
 ## Stdlib updates
 
+* Bundler
+
+    * Bundler now uses [PubGrub] resolver instead of [Molinillo] for performance improvement.
+    * Add --ext=rust support to bundle gem for creating simple gems with Rust extensions.
+      [[GH-rubygems-6149]]
+    * Make cloning git repos faster [[GH-rubygems-4475]]
+
+* RubyGems
+
+    * Add mswin support for cargo builder. [[GH-rubygems-6167]]
+
+* CGI
+
+    * `CGI.escapeURIComponent` and `CGI.unescapeURIComponent` are added.
+      [[Feature #18822]]
+
+* Coverage
+
+    * `Coverage.setup` now accepts `eval: true`. By this, `eval` and related methods are
+      able to generate code coverage. [[Feature #19008]]
+
+    * `Coverage.supported?(mode)` enables detection of what coverage modes are
+      supported. [[Feature #19026]]
+
+* Date
+
+    * Added `Date#deconstruct_keys` and `DateTime#deconstruct_keys` same as [[Feature #19071]]
+
+* ERB
+
+    * `ERB::Util.html_escape` is made faster than `CGI.escapeHTML`.
+        * It no longer allocates a String object when no character needs to be escaped.
+        * It skips calling `#to_s` method when an argument is already a String.
+        * `ERB::Escape.html_escape` is added as an alias to `ERB::Util.html_escape`,
+          which has not been monkey-patched by Rails.
+    * `ERB::Util.url_encode` is made faster using `CGI.escapeURIComponent`.
+    * `-S` option is removed from `erb` command.
+
+* FileUtils
+
+    * Add FileUtils.ln_sr method and `relative:` option to FileUtils.ln_s.
+      [[Feature #18925]]
+
+* IRB
+
+    * debug.gem integration commands have been added: `debug`, `break`, `catch`,
+      `next`, `delete`, `step`, `continue`, `finish`, `backtrace`, `info`
+        * They work even if you don't have `gem "debug"` in your Gemfile.
+        * See also: [What's new in Ruby 3.2's IRB?](https://st0012.dev/whats-new-in-ruby-3-2-irb)
+    * More Pry-like commands and features have been added.
+        * `edit` and `show_cmds` (like Pry's `help`) are added.
+        * `ls` takes `-g` or `-G` option to filter out outputs.
+        * `show_source` is aliased from `$` and accepts unquoted inputs.
+        * `whereami` is aliased from `@`.
+
+* Net::Protocol
+
+    * Improve `Net::BufferedIO` performance. [[GH-net-protocol-14]]
+
+* Pathname
+
+    * Added `Pathname#lutime`. [[GH-pathname-20]]
+
+* Socket
+
+    * Added the following constants for supported platforms.
+        * `SO_INCOMING_CPU`
+        * `SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID`
+        * `SO_RTABLE`
+        * `SO_SETFIB`
+        * `SO_USER_COOKIE`
+        * `TCP_KEEPALIVE`
+        * `TCP_CONNECTION_INFO`
+
 * SyntaxSuggest
 
-  * The feature of `syntax_suggest` formerly `dead_end` is integrated in Ruby.
-    [[Feature #18159]]
+    * The feature of `syntax_suggest` formerly `dead_end` is integrated in Ruby.
+      [[Feature #18159]]
+
+* UNIXSocket
+
+    * Add support for UNIXSocket on Windows. Emulate anonymous sockets. Add
+      support for File.socket? and File::Stat#socket? where possible.
+      [[Feature #19135]]
 
 *   The following default gems are updated.
-    * RubyGems 3.4.0.dev
-    * bigdecimal 3.1.2
-    * bundler 2.4.0.dev
-    * cgi 0.3.3
-    * date 3.2.3
-    * error_highlight 0.4.0
-    * etc 1.4.0
-    * io-console 0.5.11
-    * io-nonblock 0.1.1
-    * io-wait 0.3.0.pre
-    * ipaddr 1.2.4
-    * json 2.6.2
-    * logger 1.5.1
-    * net-http 0.2.2
-    * net-protocol 0.1.3
+
+    * RubyGems 3.4.1
+    * abbrev 0.1.1
+    * benchmark 0.2.1
+    * bigdecimal 3.1.3
+    * bundler 2.4.1
+    * cgi 0.3.6
+    * csv 3.2.6
+    * date 3.3.3
+    * delegate 0.3.0
+    * did_you_mean 1.6.3
+    * digest 3.1.1
+    * drb 2.1.1
+    * english 0.7.2
+    * erb 4.0.2
+    * error_highlight 0.5.1
+    * etc 1.4.2
+    * fcntl 1.0.2
+    * fiddle 1.1.1
+    * fileutils 1.7.0
+    * forwardable 1.3.3
+    * getoptlong 0.2.0
+    * io-console 0.6.0
+    * io-nonblock 0.2.0
+    * io-wait 0.3.0
+    * ipaddr 1.2.5
+    * irb 1.6.2
+    * json 2.6.3
+    * logger 1.5.3
+    * mutex_m 0.1.2
+    * net-http 0.4.0
+    * net-protocol 0.2.1
+    * nkf 0.1.2
+    * open-uri 0.3.0
+    * open3 0.1.2
+    * openssl 3.1.0
+    * optparse 0.3.1
     * ostruct 0.5.5
-    * psych 5.0.0.dev
-    * reline 0.3.1
-    * securerandom 0.2.0
+    * pathname 0.2.1
+    * pp 0.4.0
+    * pstore 0.1.2
+    * psych 5.0.1
+    * racc 1.6.2
+    * rdoc 6.5.0
+    * readline-ext 0.1.5
+    * reline 0.3.2
+    * resolv 0.2.2
+    * resolv-replace 0.1.1
+    * securerandom 0.2.2
     * set 1.0.3
-    * stringio 3.0.3
-    * syntax_suggest 0.0.1
-    * timeout 0.3.0
+    * stringio 3.0.4
+    * strscan 3.0.5
+    * syntax_suggest 1.0.2
+    * syslog 0.1.1
+    * tempfile 0.1.3
+    * time 0.2.1
+    * timeout 0.3.1
+    * tmpdir 0.1.3
+    * tsort 0.1.1
+    * un 0.2.1
+    * uri 0.12.0
+    * weakref 0.1.2
+    * win32ole 1.8.9
+    * yaml 0.2.1
+    * zlib 3.0.0
+
 *   The following bundled gems are updated.
+
     * minitest 5.16.3
-    * net-imap 0.2.3
-    * rbs 2.6.0
+    * power_assert 2.0.3
+    * test-unit 3.5.7
+    * net-ftp 0.2.0
+    * net-imap 0.3.4
+    * net-pop 0.1.2
+    * net-smtp 0.3.3
+    * rbs 2.8.2
     * typeprof 0.21.3
-    * debug 1.6.2
-*   The following default gems are now bundled gems.
+    * debug 1.7.1
+
+See GitHub releases like [GitHub Releases of Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.
+
+## Supported platforms
+
+* WebAssembly/WASI is added. See [wasm/README.md] and [ruby.wasm] for more details. [[Feature #18462]]
 
 ## Compatibility issues
 
-Note: Excluding feature bug fixes.
+* `String#to_c` currently treat a sequence of underscores as an end of Complex
+  string. [[Bug #19087]]
+
+* Now `ENV.clone` raises `TypeError` as well as `ENV.dup` [[Bug #17767]]
 
 ### Removed constants
 
@@ -237,15 +592,77 @@ The following deprecated methods are removed.
   [[Feature #16131]]
 * `Kernel#trust`, `Kernel#untrust`, `Kernel#untrusted?`
   [[Feature #16131]]
+* `Method#public?`, `Method#private?`, `Method#protected?`,
+  `UnboundMethod#public?`, `UnboundMethod#private?`, `UnboundMethod#protected?`
+  [[Bug #18729]] [[Bug #18751]] [[Bug #18435]]
+
+### Source code incompatibility of extension libraries
+
+* Extension libraries provide PRNG, subclasses of Random, need updates.
+  See [PRNG update] below for more information. [[Bug #19100]]
+
+### Error printer
+
+* Ruby no longer escapes control characters and backslashes in an
+  error message. [[Feature #18367]]
+
+### Constant lookup when defining a class/module
+
+* When defining a class/module directly under the Object class by class/module
+  statement, if there is already a class/module defined by `Module#include`
+  with the same name, the statement was handled as "open class" in Ruby 3.1 or before.
+  Since Ruby 3.2, a new class is defined instead. [[Feature #18832]]
 
 ## Stdlib compatibility issues
 
-* `Psych` no longer bundles libyaml sources.
-  Users need to install the libyaml library themselves via the package
-  system. [[Feature #18571]]
+* Psych no longer bundles libyaml sources.
+  And also Fiddle no longer bundles libffi sources.
+  Users need to install the libyaml/libffi library themselves via the package
+  manager like apt, yum, brew, etc.
+
+    Psych and fiddle supported the static build with specific version of libyaml
+    and libffi sources. You can build psych with libyaml-0.2.5 like this.
+
+    ```bash
+    $ ./configure --with-libyaml-source-dir=/path/to/libyaml-0.2.5
+    ```
+
+    And you can build fiddle with libffi-3.4.4 like this.
+
+    ```bash
+    $ ./configure --with-libffi-source-dir=/path/to/libffi-3.4.4
+    ```
+
+    [[Feature #18571]]
+
+* Check cookie name/path/domain characters in `CGI::Cookie`. [[CVE-2021-33621]]
+
+* `URI.parse` return empty string in host instead of nil. [[sec-156615]]
 
 ## C API updates
 
+### Updated C APIs
+
+The following APIs are updated.
+
+* PRNG update
+
+    `rb_random_interface_t` in ruby/random.h updated and versioned.
+    Extension libraries which use this interface and built for older
+    versions need to rebuild with adding `init_int32` function.
+
+### Added C APIs
+
+* `VALUE rb_hash_new_capa(long capa)` was added to created hashes with the desired capacity.
+* `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` and `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` were added to instrument threads scheduling.
+  The following events are available:
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_STARTED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_READY`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_SUSPENDED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_EXITED`
+* `rb_debug_inspector_current_depth` and `rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth` are added for debuggers.
+
 ### Removed C APIs
 
 The following deprecated APIs are removed.
@@ -255,61 +672,149 @@ The following deprecated APIs are removed.
 
 ## Implementation improvements
 
-* Fixed several race conditions in `Kernel#autoload`. [[Bug #18782]]
+* Fixed several race conditions in Kernel#autoload. [[Bug #18782]]
+* Cache invalidation for expressions referencing constants is now
+  more fine-grained. `RubyVM.stat(:global_constant_state)` was
+  removed because it was closely tied to the previous caching scheme
+  where setting any constant invalidates all caches in the system.
+  New keys, `:constant_cache_invalidations` and `:constant_cache_misses`,
+  were introduced to help with use cases for `:global_constant_state`.
+  [[Feature #18589]]
+* The cache-based optimization for Regexp matching is introduced.
+  [[Feature #19104]]
+* [Variable Width Allocation](https://shopify.engineering/ruby-variable-width-allocation)
+  is now enabled by default. [[Feature #18239]]
+* Added a new instance variable caching mechanism, called object shapes, which
+  improves inline cache hits for most objects and allows us to generate very
+  efficient JIT code. Objects whose instance variables are defined in a
+  consistent order will see the most performance benefits.
+  [[Feature #18776]]
+* Speed up marking instruction sequences by using a bitmap to find "markable"
+  objects.  This change results in faster major collections.
+  [[Feature #18875]]
 
 ## JIT
 
 ### YJIT
 
-* Support arm64 / aarch64 on UNIX platforms.
-* Building YJIT requires Rust 1.58.1+. [[Feature #18481]]
+* YJIT is no longer experimental
+    * Has been tested on production workloads for over a year and proven to be quite stable.
+* YJIT now supports both x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs on Linux, MacOS, BSD and other UNIX platforms.
+    * This release brings support for Mac M1/M2, AWS Graviton and Raspberry Pi 4.
+* Building YJIT now requires Rust 1.58.0+. [[Feature #18481]]
+    * In order to ensure that CRuby is built with YJIT, please install `rustc` >= 1.58.0
+      before running `./configure`
+    * Please reach out to the YJIT team should you run into any issues.
+* Physical memory for JIT code is lazily allocated. Unlike Ruby 3.1,
+  the RSS of a Ruby process is minimized because virtual memory pages
+  allocated by `--yjit-exec-mem-size` will not be mapped to physical
+  memory pages until actually utilized by JIT code.
+* Introduce Code GC that frees all code pages when the memory consumption
+  by JIT code reaches `--yjit-exec-mem-size`.
+    * `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` returns Code GC metrics in addition to
+      existing `inline_code_size` and `outlined_code_size` keys:
+      `code_gc_count`, `live_page_count`, `freed_page_count`, and `freed_code_size`.
+* Most of the statistics produced by `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` are now available in release builds.
+    * Simply run ruby with `--yjit-stats` to compute and dump stats (incurs some run-time overhead).
+* YJIT is now optimized to take advantage of object shapes. [[Feature #18776]]
+* Take advantage of finer-grained constant invalidation to invalidate less code when defining new constants. [[Feature #18589]]
+* The default `--yjit-exec-mem-size` is changed to 64 (MiB).
+* The default `--yjit-call-threshold` is changed to 30.
 
 ### MJIT
 
-## Static analysis
-
-### RBS
-
-### TypeProf
-
-## Debugger
-
-## error_highlight
-
-## IRB Autocomplete and Document Display
-
-## Miscellaneous changes
-
-[Feature #12005]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12005
-[Feature #12655]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12655
-[Feature #12737]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12737
-[Feature #13110]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13110
-[Feature #14332]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14332
-[Feature #15231]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15231
-[Feature #15357]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15357
-[Bug #15928]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15928
-[Feature #16131]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
-[Bug #16466]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16466
-[Feature #16806]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16806
-[Bug #16889]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16889
-[Bug #16908]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16908
-[Feature #16989]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16989
-[Feature #17351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351
-[Feature #17391]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17391
-[Bug #17545]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17545
-[Feature #17881]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17881
-[Feature #18037]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18037
-[Feature #18159]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18159
-[Feature #18351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18351
-[Bug #18487]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18487
-[Feature #18571]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18571
-[Feature #18585]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18585
-[Feature #18598]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18598
-[Bug #18625]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18625
-[Bug #18633]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18633
-[Feature #18685]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18685
-[Bug #18782]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18782
-[Feature #18788]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18788
-[Feature #18809]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18809
-[Feature #18481]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18481
-[Feature #18949]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18949
+* The MJIT compiler is re-implemented in Ruby as `ruby_vm/mjit/compiler`.
+* MJIT compiler is executed under a forked Ruby process instead of
+  doing it in a native thread called MJIT worker. [[Feature #18968]]
+    * As a result, Microsoft Visual Studio (MSWIN) is no longer supported.
+* MinGW is no longer supported. [[Feature #18824]]
+* Rename `--mjit-min-calls` to `--mjit-call-threshold`.
+* Change default `--mjit-max-cache` back from 10000 to 100.
+
+[Feature #12005]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12005
+[Feature #12084]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12084
+[Feature #12655]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12655
+[Feature #12737]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12737
+[Feature #13110]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13110
+[Feature #14332]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14332
+[Feature #15231]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15231
+[Feature #15357]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15357
+[Bug #15928]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15928
+[Feature #16122]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16122
+[Feature #16131]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
+[Bug #16466]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16466
+[Feature #16663]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16663
+[Feature #16806]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16806
+[Bug #16889]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16889
+[Bug #16908]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16908
+[Feature #16989]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16989
+[Feature #17351]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351
+[Feature #17391]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17391
+[Bug #17545]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17545
+[Bug #17767]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17767
+[Feature #17837]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17837
+[Feature #17881]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17881
+[Feature #18033]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18033
+[Feature #18159]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18159
+[Feature #18239]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18239#note-17
+[Feature #18351]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18351
+[Feature #18367]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18367
+[Bug #18435]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18435
+[Feature #18462]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18462
+[Feature #18481]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18481
+[Bug #18487]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18487
+[Feature #18564]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18564
+[Feature #18571]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18571
+[Feature #18585]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18585
+[Feature #18589]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18589
+[Feature #18595]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18595
+[Feature #18598]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18598
+[Bug #18625]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18625
+[Feature #18630]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18630
+[Bug #18633]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18633
+[Feature #18639]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18639
+[Feature #18685]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18685
+[Bug #18729]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18729
+[Bug #18751]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18751
+[Feature #18774]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18774
+[Feature #18776]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18776
+[Bug #18782]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18782
+[Feature #18788]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18788
+[Feature #18798]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18798
+[Feature #18809]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18809
+[Feature #18821]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18821
+[Feature #18822]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18822
+[Feature #18824]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18824
+[Feature #18832]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18832
+[Feature #18875]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18875
+[Feature #18925]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18925
+[Feature #18944]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18944
+[Feature #18949]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18949
+[Feature #18968]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18968
+[Feature #19008]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19008
+[Feature #19013]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19013
+[Feature #19026]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19026
+[Feature #19036]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19036
+[Feature #19060]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19060
+[Feature #19070]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19070
+[Feature #19071]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19071
+[Feature #19078]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19078
+[Bug #19087]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19087
+[Bug #19100]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19100
+[Feature #19104]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104
+[Feature #19135]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19135
+[Feature #19138]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19138
+[Feature #19194]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19194
+[Molinillo]:          https://github.com/CocoaPods/Molinillo
+[PubGrub]:            https://github.com/jhawthorn/pub_grub
+[GH-net-protocol-14]: https://github.com/ruby/net-protocol/pull/14
+[GH-pathname-20]:     https://github.com/ruby/pathname/pull/20
+[GH-6791]:            https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6791
+[GH-6868]:            https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6868
+[GH-rubygems-4475]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/4475
+[GH-rubygems-6149]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6149
+[GH-rubygems-6167]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6167
+[sec-156615]:         https://hackerone.com/reports/156615
+[CVE-2021-33621]:     https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2022/11/22/http-response-splitting-in-cgi-cve-2021-33621/
+[wasm/README.md]:     https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/wasm/README.md
+[ruby.wasm]:          https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
index bb69c09055..93c0131690 100644
--- a/README.ja.md
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 [![Actions Status: Windows](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
 [![AppVeyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
 [![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
-[![Cirrus Status](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby.svg)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/master)
 
 # Rubyとは
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 35ef2d9e89..c445448c71 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 [![Actions Status: Windows](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
 [![AppVeyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
 [![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
-[![Cirrus Status](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby.svg)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/master)
 
 # What is Ruby?
 
diff --git a/addr2line.c b/addr2line.c
index fe4ad84423..e5f25293e2 100644
--- a/addr2line.c
+++ b/addr2line.c
@@ -159,12 +159,15 @@ typedef struct obj_info {
     struct dwarf_section debug_info;
     struct dwarf_section debug_line;
     struct dwarf_section debug_ranges;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_str_offsets;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_addr;
     struct dwarf_section debug_rnglists;
     struct dwarf_section debug_str;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_line_str;
     struct obj_info *next;
 } obj_info_t;
 
-#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 6
+#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 9
 
 static struct dwarf_section *
 obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
@@ -174,8 +177,11 @@ obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
         &obj->debug_info,
         &obj->debug_line,
         &obj->debug_ranges,
+        &obj->debug_str_offsets,
+        &obj->debug_addr,
         &obj->debug_rnglists,
-        &obj->debug_str
+        &obj->debug_str,
+        &obj->debug_line_str
     };
     if (n < 0 || DWARF_SECTION_COUNT <= n) {
         abort();
@@ -248,39 +254,51 @@ get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, const char *p)
     return p;
 }
 
+static const char *parse_ver5_debug_line_header(const char *p, int idx, uint8_t format, obj_info_t *obj, const char **out_path, uint64_t *out_directory_index);
+
 static void
-fill_filename(int file, const char *include_directories, const char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
+fill_filename(int file, uint8_t format, uint16_t version, const char *include_directories, const char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
 {
     int i;
     const char *p = filenames;
     const char *filename;
     unsigned long dir;
-    for (i = 1; i <= file; i++) {
-	filename = p;
-	if (!*p) {
-	    /* Need to output binary file name? */
-	    kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
-		    file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
-	    return;
-	}
-	while (*p) p++;
-	p++;
-	dir = uleb128(&p);
-	/* last modified. */
-	uleb128(&p);
-	/* size of the file. */
-	uleb128(&p);
-
-	if (i == file) {
-	    line->filename = filename;
-	    line->dirname = get_nth_dirname(dir, include_directories);
-	}
+    if (version >= 5) {
+        const char *path;
+        uint64_t directory_index = -1;
+        parse_ver5_debug_line_header(filenames, file, format, obj, &path, &directory_index);
+        line->filename = path;
+        parse_ver5_debug_line_header(include_directories, (int)directory_index, format, obj, &path, NULL);
+        line->dirname = path;
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 1; i <= file; i++) {
+            filename = p;
+            if (!*p) {
+                /* Need to output binary file name? */
+                kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
+                        file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
+                return;
+            }
+            while (*p) p++;
+            p++;
+            dir = uleb128(&p);
+            /* last modified. */
+            uleb128(&p);
+            /* size of the file. */
+            uleb128(&p);
+
+            if (i == file) {
+                line->filename = filename;
+                line->dirname = get_nth_dirname(dir, include_directories);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
 static void
 fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
-	  const char *include_directories, const char *filenames,
+	  uint8_t format, uint16_t version, const char *include_directories, const char *filenames,
 	  obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     int i;
@@ -290,7 +308,7 @@ fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
 	/* We assume one line code doesn't result >100 bytes of native code.
        We may want more reliable way eventually... */
 	if (addr < a && a < addr + 100) {
-	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
+	    fill_filename(file, format, version, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
 	    lines[i].line = line;
 	}
     }
@@ -315,7 +333,7 @@ struct LineNumberProgramHeader {
 };
 
 static int
-parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
+parse_debug_line_header(obj_info_t *obj, const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
 {
     const char *p = *pp;
     header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
@@ -332,7 +350,13 @@ parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
 
     header->version = *(uint16_t *)p;
     p += sizeof(uint16_t);
-    if (header->version > 4) return -1;
+    if (header->version > 5) return -1;
+
+    if (header->version >= 5) {
+        /* address_size = *(uint8_t *)p++; */
+        /* segment_selector_size = *(uint8_t *)p++; */
+        p += 2;
+    }
 
     header->header_length = header->format == 4 ? *(uint32_t *)p : *(uint64_t *)p;
     p += header->format;
@@ -353,20 +377,27 @@ parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
     /* header->standard_opcode_lengths = (uint8_t *)p - 1; */
     p += header->opcode_base - 1;
 
-    header->include_directories = p;
+    if (header->version >= 5) {
+        header->include_directories = p;
+        p = parse_ver5_debug_line_header(p, -1, header->format, obj, NULL, NULL);
+        header->filenames = p;
+    }
+    else {
+        header->include_directories = p;
 
-    /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
-    if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
+        /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
+        if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
 
-    /* skip include directories */
-    while (*p) {
-	p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
-	if (!p) return -1;
-	p++;
-    }
-    p++;
+        /* skip include directories */
+        while (*p) {
+            p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
+            if (!p) return -1;
+            p++;
+        }
+        p++;
 
-    header->filenames = p;
+        header->filenames = p;
+    }
 
     *pp = header->cu_start;
 
@@ -392,13 +423,15 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, const char **debug_line,
     /* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
     /* unsigned int isa = 0; */
 
-    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(obj, &p, &header))
         return -1;
     is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
 
 #define FILL_LINE()						    \
     do {							    \
 	fill_line(num_traces, traces, addr, file, line,		    \
+                  header.format,                                    \
+                  header.version,                                   \
                   header.include_directories,                       \
                   header.filenames,                                 \
 		  obj, lines, offset);				    \
@@ -827,16 +860,23 @@ enum {
     VAL_cstr = 1,
     VAL_data = 2,
     VAL_uint = 3,
-    VAL_int = 4
+    VAL_int = 4,
+    VAL_addr = 5
 };
 
 # define ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE 256
 typedef struct {
     obj_info_t *obj;
     const char *file;
+    uint8_t current_version;
     const char *current_cu;
     uint64_t current_low_pc;
+    uint64_t current_str_offsets_base;
+    uint64_t current_addr_base;
+    uint64_t current_rnglists_base;
     const char *debug_line_cu_end;
+    uint8_t debug_line_format;
+    uint16_t debug_line_version;
     const char *debug_line_files;
     const char *debug_line_directories;
     const char *p;
@@ -861,6 +901,7 @@ typedef struct {
         const char *ptr;
         uint64_t uint64;
         int64_t int64;
+        uint64_t addr_idx;
     } as;
     uint64_t off;
     uint64_t at;
@@ -869,8 +910,11 @@ typedef struct {
     int type;
 } DebugInfoValue;
 
-/* TODO: Big Endian */
+#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+#define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(a)<<sz)|(b))
+#else
 #define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(b)<<sz)|(a))
+#endif
 
 static uint16_t
 get_uint16(const uint8_t *p)
@@ -973,6 +1017,9 @@ debug_info_reader_init(DebugInfoReader *reader, obj_info_t *obj)
     reader->pend = obj->debug_info.ptr + obj->debug_info.size;
     reader->debug_line_cu_end = obj->debug_line.ptr;
     reader->current_low_pc = 0;
+    reader->current_str_offsets_base = 0;
+    reader->current_addr_base = 0;
+    reader->current_rnglists_base = 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1017,10 +1064,12 @@ di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
     struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
 
     p = (const char *)reader->debug_line_cu_end;
-    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(reader->obj, &p, &header))
         return -1;
 
     reader->debug_line_cu_end = (char *)header.cu_end;
+    reader->debug_line_format = header.format;
+    reader->debug_line_version = header.version;
     reader->debug_line_directories = (char *)header.include_directories;
     reader->debug_line_files = (char *)header.filenames;
 
@@ -1028,6 +1077,13 @@ di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
 }
 
 static void
+set_addr_idx_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.addr_idx = n;
+    v->type = VAL_addr;
+}
+
+static void
 set_uint_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
 {
     v->as.uint64 = n;
@@ -1074,19 +1130,39 @@ get_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v)
     }
 }
 
+static const char *
+resolve_strx(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t idx)
+{
+    const char *p = reader->obj->debug_str_offsets.ptr + reader->current_str_offsets_base;
+    uint64_t off;
+    if (reader->format == 4) {
+        off = ((uint32_t *)p)[idx];
+    }
+    else {
+        off = ((uint64_t *)p)[idx];
+    }
+    return reader->obj->debug_str.ptr + off;
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+    } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoValue *v)
 {
     switch (form) {
       case DW_FORM_addr:
-        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
-        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
-        } else {
-            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
-            abort();
-        }
+        debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(reader, v);
         break;
       case DW_FORM_block2:
         v->size = read_uint16(&reader->p);
@@ -1138,13 +1214,19 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_addr:
-        if (reader->format == 4) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
-        } else if (reader->format == 8) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        if (reader->current_version <= 2) {
+            // DWARF Version 2 specifies that references have
+            // the same size as an address on the target system
+            debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(reader, v);
         } else {
-            fprintf(stderr,"unknown format:%d", reader->format);
-            abort();
+            if (reader->format == 4) {
+                set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+            } else if (reader->format == 8) {
+                set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+            } else {
+                fprintf(stderr,"unknown format:%d", reader->format);
+                abort();
+            }
         }
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref1:
@@ -1186,11 +1268,10 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, 1);
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx:
-        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, uleb128(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx:
-        /* TODO: read .debug_addr */
-        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_sup4:
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
@@ -1205,8 +1286,7 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         reader->p += v->size;
         break;
       case DW_FORM_line_strp:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
-        /* *p = reader->file + reader->line->sh_offset + ret; */
+        set_cstrp_value(v, reader->obj->debug_line_str.ptr, read_uint(reader));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_sig8:
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
@@ -1224,28 +1304,28 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx1:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint8(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx2:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint16(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx3:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint24(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx4:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint32(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx1:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx2:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx3:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx4:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
         break;
       case 0:
         goto fail;
@@ -1373,6 +1453,76 @@ di_skip_records(DebugInfoReader *reader)
     }
 }
 
+typedef struct addr_header {
+    const char *ptr;
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint8_t format;
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    /* uint8_t segment_selector_size; */
+} addr_header_t;
+
+static void
+addr_header_init(obj_info_t *obj, addr_header_t *header) {
+    const char *p = obj->debug_addr.ptr;
+
+    header->ptr = p;
+
+    if (!p) return;
+
+    header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+    header->format = 4;
+    if (header->unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+        header->unit_length = *(uint64_t *)p;
+        p += sizeof(uint64_t);
+        header->format = 8;
+    }
+
+    p += 2; /* version */
+    header->address_size = *p++;
+    p++; /* segment_selector_size */
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_addr(addr_header_t *header, uint64_t addr_base, uint64_t idx) {
+    if (header->address_size == 4) {
+        return ((uint32_t*)(header->ptr + addr_base))[idx];
+    }
+    else {
+        return ((uint64_t*)(header->ptr + addr_base))[idx];
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct rnglists_header {
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint8_t format;
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    uint32_t offset_entry_count;
+} rnglists_header_t;
+
+static void
+rnglists_header_init(obj_info_t *obj, rnglists_header_t *header) {
+    const char *p = obj->debug_rnglists.ptr;
+
+    if (!p) return;
+
+    header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+    header->format = 4;
+    if (header->unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+        header->unit_length = *(uint64_t *)p;
+        p += sizeof(uint64_t);
+        header->format = 8;
+    }
+
+    p += 2; /* version */
+    header->address_size = *p++;
+    p++; /* segment_selector_size */
+    header->offset_entry_count = *(uint32_t *)p;
+}
+
 typedef struct {
     uint64_t low_pc;
     uint64_t high_pc;
@@ -1383,24 +1533,31 @@ typedef struct {
 } ranges_t;
 
 static void
-ranges_set(ranges_t *ptr, DebugInfoValue *v)
+ranges_set(ranges_t *ptr, DebugInfoValue *v, addr_header_t *addr_header, uint64_t addr_base)
 {
+    uint64_t n = 0;
+    if (v->type == VAL_uint) {
+        n = v->as.uint64;
+    }
+    else if (v->type == VAL_addr) {
+        n = read_addr(addr_header, addr_base, v->as.addr_idx);
+    }
     switch (v->at) {
       case DW_AT_low_pc:
-        ptr->low_pc = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->low_pc = n;
         ptr->low_pc_set = true;
         break;
       case DW_AT_high_pc:
         if (v->form == DW_FORM_addr) {
-            ptr->high_pc = v->as.uint64;
+            ptr->high_pc = n;
         }
         else {
-            ptr->high_pc = ptr->low_pc + v->as.uint64;
+            ptr->high_pc = ptr->low_pc + n;
         }
         ptr->high_pc_set = true;
         break;
       case DW_AT_ranges:
-        ptr->ranges = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->ranges = n;
         ptr->ranges_set = true;
         break;
     }
@@ -1422,7 +1579,7 @@ read_dw_form_addr(DebugInfoReader *reader, const char **ptr)
 }
 
 static uintptr_t
-ranges_include(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr, uint64_t addr)
+ranges_include(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr, uint64_t addr, rnglists_header_t *rnglists_header)
 {
     if (ptr->high_pc_set) {
         if (ptr->ranges_set || !ptr->low_pc_set) {
@@ -1437,8 +1594,21 @@ ranges_include(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr, uint64_t addr)
         const char *p;
         uint64_t base = ptr->low_pc_set ? ptr->low_pc : reader->current_low_pc;
         bool base_valid = true;
-        if (reader->obj->debug_rnglists.ptr) {
-            p = reader->obj->debug_rnglists.ptr + ptr->ranges;
+        if (reader->current_version >= 5) {
+            if (rnglists_header->offset_entry_count == 0) {
+                // DW_FORM_sec_offset
+                p = reader->obj->debug_rnglists.ptr + ptr->ranges + reader->current_rnglists_base;
+            }
+            else {
+                // DW_FORM_rnglistx
+                const char *offset_array = reader->obj->debug_rnglists.ptr + reader->current_rnglists_base;
+                if (rnglists_header->format == 4) {
+                    p = offset_array + ((uint32_t *)offset_array)[ptr->ranges];
+                }
+                else {
+                    p = offset_array + ((uint64_t *)offset_array)[ptr->ranges];
+                }
+            }
             for (;;) {
                 uint8_t rle = read_uint8(&p);
                 uintptr_t from = 0, to = 0;
@@ -1548,6 +1718,7 @@ di_read_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
     }
     reader->cu_end = reader->p + unit_length;
     version = read_uint16(&reader->p);
+    reader->current_version = version;
     if (version > 5) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1580,16 +1751,45 @@ di_read_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
             break;
         }
 
+        reader->current_str_offsets_base = 0;
+        reader->current_addr_base = 0;
+        reader->current_rnglists_base = 0;
+
+        DebugInfoValue low_pc = {{}};
         /* enumerate abbrev */
         for (;;) {
             DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
             if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
             switch (v.at) {
               case DW_AT_low_pc:
-                reader->current_low_pc = v.as.uint64;
+                // clang may output DW_AT_addr_base after DW_AT_low_pc.
+                // We need to resolve the DW_FORM_addr* after DW_AT_addr_base is parsed.
+                low_pc = v;
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_str_offsets_base:
+                reader->current_str_offsets_base = v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_addr_base:
+                reader->current_addr_base = v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_rnglists_base:
+                reader->current_rnglists_base = v.as.uint64;
                 break;
             }
         }
+        // Resolve the DW_FORM_addr of DW_AT_low_pc
+        switch (low_pc.type) {
+            case VAL_uint:
+                reader->current_low_pc = low_pc.as.uint64;
+                break;
+            case VAL_addr:
+                {
+                    addr_header_t header;
+                    addr_header_init(reader->obj, &header);
+                    reader->current_low_pc = read_addr(&header, reader->current_addr_base, low_pc.as.addr_idx);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
     } while (0);
 #endif
     return 0;
@@ -1643,6 +1843,13 @@ read_abstract_origin(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, uint64_t abstract_o
 static void
 debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
          line_info_t *lines, int offset) {
+
+    addr_header_t addr_header = {};
+    addr_header_init(reader->obj, &addr_header);
+
+    rnglists_header_t rnglists_header = {};
+    rnglists_header_init(reader->obj, &rnglists_header);
+
     while (reader->p < reader->cu_end) {
         DIE die;
         ranges_t ranges = {};
@@ -1669,7 +1876,7 @@ debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
                 line.sname = get_cstr_value(&v);
                 break;
               case DW_AT_call_file:
-                fill_filename((int)v.as.uint64, reader->debug_line_directories, reader->debug_line_files, &line, reader->obj);
+                fill_filename((int)v.as.uint64, reader->debug_line_format, reader->debug_line_version, reader->debug_line_directories, reader->debug_line_files, &line, reader->obj);
                 break;
               case DW_AT_call_line:
                 line.line = (int)v.as.uint64;
@@ -1677,7 +1884,7 @@ debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
               case DW_AT_low_pc:
               case DW_AT_high_pc:
               case DW_AT_ranges:
-                ranges_set(&ranges, &v);
+                ranges_set(&ranges, &v, &addr_header, reader->current_addr_base);
                 break;
               case DW_AT_declaration:
                 goto skip_die;
@@ -1694,9 +1901,9 @@ debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
         for (int i=offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
             uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
             uintptr_t offset = addr - reader->obj->base_addr + reader->obj->vmaddr;
-            uintptr_t saddr = ranges_include(reader, &ranges, offset);
+            uintptr_t saddr = ranges_include(reader, &ranges, offset, &rnglists_header);
             if (saddr) {
-                /* fprintf(stderr, "%d:%tx: %d %lx->%lx %x %s: %s/%s %d %s %s %s\n",__LINE__,die.pos, i,addr,offset, die.tag,line.sname,line.dirname,line.filename,line.line,reader->obj->path,line.sname,lines[i].sname); */
+                /* fprintf(stdout, "%d:%tx: %d %lx->%lx %x %s: %s/%s %d %s %s %s\n",__LINE__,die.pos, i,addr,offset, die.tag,line.sname,line.dirname,line.filename,line.line,reader->obj->path,line.sname,lines[i].sname); */
                 if (lines[i].sname) {
                     line_info_t *lp = malloc(sizeof(line_info_t));
                     memcpy(lp, &lines[i], sizeof(line_info_t));
@@ -1715,6 +1922,54 @@ debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
     }
 }
 
+// This function parses the following attributes of Line Number Program Header in DWARF 5:
+//
+// * directory_entry_format_count
+// * directory_entry_format
+// * directories_count
+// * directories
+//
+// or
+//
+// * file_name_entry_format_count
+// * file_name_entry_format
+// * file_names_count
+// * file_names
+//
+// It records DW_LNCT_path and DW_LNCT_directory_index at the index "idx".
+static const char *
+parse_ver5_debug_line_header(const char *p, int idx, uint8_t format, obj_info_t *obj, const char **out_path, uint64_t *out_directory_index) {
+    int i, j;
+    int entry_format_count = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    const char *entry_format = p;
+
+    /* skip the part of entry_format */
+    for (i = 0; i < entry_format_count * 2; i++) uleb128(&p);
+
+    int entry_count = (int)uleb128(&p);
+
+    DebugInfoReader reader;
+    debug_info_reader_init(&reader, obj);
+    reader.format = format;
+    reader.p = p;
+    for (j = 0; j < entry_count; j++) {
+        const char *format = entry_format;
+        for (i = 0; i < entry_format_count; i++) {
+            DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+            unsigned long dw_lnct = uleb128(&format);
+            unsigned long dw_form = uleb128(&format);
+            debug_info_reader_read_value(&reader, dw_form, &v);
+            if (dw_lnct == 1 /* DW_LNCT_path */ && v.type == VAL_cstr && out_path)
+                *out_path = v.as.ptr + v.off;
+            if (dw_lnct == 2 /* DW_LNCT_directory_index */ && v.type == VAL_uint && out_directory_index)
+                *out_directory_index = v.as.uint64;
+        }
+        if (j == idx) return 0;
+    }
+
+    return reader.p;
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_ELF
 static unsigned long
 uncompress_debug_section(ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, char *file, char **ptr)
@@ -1843,8 +2098,11 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
                     ".debug_info",
                     ".debug_line",
                     ".debug_ranges",
+                    ".debug_str_offsets",
+                    ".debug_addr",
                     ".debug_rnglists",
-                    ".debug_str"
+                    ".debug_str",
+                    ".debug_line_str"
                 };
 
                 for (j=0; j < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; j++) {
@@ -2100,8 +2358,11 @@ found_mach_header:
                     "__debug_info",
                     "__debug_line",
                     "__debug_ranges",
+                    "__debug_str_offsets",
+                    "__debug_addr",
                     "__debug_rnglists",
-                    "__debug_str"
+                    "__debug_str",
+                    "__debug_line_str",
                 };
                 struct LP(segment_command) *scmd = (struct LP(segment_command) *)lcmd;
                 if (strcmp(scmd->segname, "__TEXT") == 0) {
@@ -2299,6 +2560,7 @@ rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces)
     obj_info_t *obj = NULL;
     /* 2 is NULL + main executable */
     void **dladdr_fbases = (void **)calloc(num_traces+2, sizeof(void *));
+
 #ifdef HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
     char *main_path = NULL; /* used on printing backtrace */
     ssize_t len;
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index 793a53f17b..b76e9a64a3 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -226,8 +226,15 @@ ary_embeddable_p(long capa)
 bool
 rb_ary_embeddable_p(VALUE ary)
 {
-    // if the array is shared or a shared root then it's not moveable
-    return !(ARY_SHARED_P(ary) || ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary));
+    /* An array cannot be turned embeddable when the array is:
+     *  - Shared root: other objects may point to the buffer of this array
+     *    so we cannot make it embedded.
+     *  - Frozen: this array may also be a shared root without the shared root
+     *    flag.
+     *  - Shared: we don't want to re-embed an array that points to a shared
+     *    root (to save memory).
+     */
+    return !(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) || OBJ_FROZEN(ary) || ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -242,7 +249,7 @@ rb_ary_size_as_embedded(VALUE ary)
         real_size = ary_embed_size(ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary));
     }
     else {
-        real_size = sizeof(struct RString);
+        real_size = sizeof(struct RArray);
     }
     return real_size;
 }
@@ -505,15 +512,19 @@ rb_ary_make_embedded(VALUE ary)
 {
     assert(rb_ary_embeddable_p(ary));
     if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-        VALUE *buf = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-        long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        const VALUE *buf = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+        long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+        bool was_transient = RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary);
 
+        // FL_SET_EMBED also unsets the transient flag
         FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
-        RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
 
-        memmove(RARRAY_PTR(ary), buf, len * sizeof(VALUE));
-        ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, buf, len * sizeof(VALUE));
+        MEMCPY((void *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), (void *)buf, VALUE, len);
+
+        if (!was_transient) {
+            ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, buf, len * sizeof(VALUE));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -833,11 +844,11 @@ ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
     }
     else {
         ary = ary_alloc_heap(klass);
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
         assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
 
         ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
         ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
         ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
     }
 
@@ -941,11 +952,11 @@ ec_ary_new(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, long capa)
     }
     else {
         ary = ec_ary_alloc_heap(ec, klass);
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
         assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
 
         ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
         ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
         ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
     }
 
@@ -1052,6 +1063,7 @@ ary_make_shared(VALUE ary)
         /* Shared roots cannot be embedded because the reference count
          * (refcnt) is stored in as.heap.aux.capa. */
         VALUE shared = ary_alloc_heap(0);
+        FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(shared);
 
         if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
             /* Cannot use ary_heap_alloc because we don't want to allocate
@@ -1070,7 +1082,6 @@ ary_make_shared(VALUE ary)
 
         ARY_SET_LEN(shared, capa);
         ary_mem_clear(shared, len, capa - len);
-        FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(shared);
         ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared, 1);
         FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_create);
@@ -1344,11 +1355,11 @@ ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
         return result;
     }
     else {
+        VALUE shared = ary_make_shared(ary);
+
         VALUE result = ary_alloc_heap(klass);
         assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(result));
 
-        VALUE shared = ary_make_shared(ary);
-
         ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
         ARY_SET_LEN(result, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
         rb_ary_set_shared(result, shared);
@@ -1385,7 +1396,7 @@ ary_make_partial_step(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len, long step)
     }
 
     long ustep = (step < 0) ? -step : step;
-    len = (len + ustep - 1) / ustep;
+    len = roomof(len, ustep);
 
     long i;
     long j = offset + ((step > 0) ? 0 : (orig_len - 1));
@@ -2082,7 +2093,7 @@ rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
  *
  *  If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  When non-negative \Innteger argument +n+ is given,
+ *  When non-negative \Integer argument +n+ is given,
  *  returns the last +n+ elements in a new \Array:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
@@ -3452,7 +3463,6 @@ rb_ary_rotate_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 struct ary_sort_data {
     VALUE ary;
     VALUE receiver;
-    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt;
 };
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3498,15 +3508,15 @@ sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
     VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
     int n;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(INTEGER)) {
         if ((long)a > (long)b) return 1;
         if ((long)a < (long)b) return -1;
         return 0;
     }
-    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, String)) {
+    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(STRING)) {
         return rb_str_cmp(a, b);
     }
-    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Float)) {
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(FLOAT)) {
         return rb_float_cmp(a, b);
     }
 
@@ -3570,8 +3580,6 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
         RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(tmp);
         data.ary = tmp;
         data.receiver = ary;
-        data.cmp_opt.opt_methods = 0;
-        data.cmp_opt.opt_inited = 0;
         RARRAY_PTR_USE(tmp, ptr, {
             ruby_qsort(ptr, len, sizeof(VALUE),
                        rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
@@ -3728,8 +3736,8 @@ rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary)
             const VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
             switch (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(v, id_cmp, 1, &zero), v, zero)) {
               case 0: return INT2FIX(mid);
-              case 1: smaller = 1; break;
-              case -1: smaller = 0;
+              case 1: smaller = 0; break;
+              case -1: smaller = 1;
             }
         }
         else {
@@ -4551,7 +4559,7 @@ take_items(VALUE obj, long n)
     if (!NIL_P(result)) return rb_ary_subseq(result, 0, n);
     result = rb_ary_new2(n);
     args[0] = result; args[1] = (VALUE)n;
-    if (rb_check_block_call(obj, idEach, 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args) == Qundef)
+    if (UNDEF_P(rb_check_block_call(obj, idEach, 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args)))
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (must respond to :each)",
                  rb_obj_class(obj));
     return result;
@@ -5044,7 +5052,7 @@ rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
         ARY_SET_LEN(ary, end);
     }
 
-    if (item == Qundef) {
+    if (UNDEF_P(item)) {
         VALUE v;
         long i;
 
@@ -5501,7 +5509,7 @@ rb_ary_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     if (NIL_P(ary2)) return Qnil;
     if (ary1 == ary2) return INT2FIX(0);
     v = rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_cmp, ary1, ary2, ary2);
-    if (v != Qundef) return v;
+    if (!UNDEF_P(v)) return v;
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary1) - RARRAY_LEN(ary2);
     if (len == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
     if (len > 0) return INT2FIX(1);
@@ -5583,7 +5591,7 @@ ary_recycle_hash(VALUE hash)
  *  Related: Array#difference.
  */
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     VALUE ary3;
@@ -6052,7 +6060,6 @@ ary_max_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
     VALUE result = Qundef, v;
     VALUE num;
     long i;
@@ -6064,7 +6071,7 @@ rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
         for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-           if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) > 0) {
+           if (UNDEF_P(result) || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) > 0) {
                result = v;
            }
         }
@@ -6072,13 +6079,13 @@ rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     else if (n > 0) {
         result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
         if (n > 1) {
-            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(INTEGER)) {
                 return ary_max_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
             }
-            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(STRING)) {
                 return ary_max_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
             }
-            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(FLOAT)) {
                 return ary_max_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
             }
             else {
@@ -6086,7 +6093,7 @@ rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
             }
         }
     }
-    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    if (UNDEF_P(result)) return Qnil;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -6221,7 +6228,6 @@ ary_min_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
     VALUE result = Qundef, v;
     VALUE num;
     long i;
@@ -6233,7 +6239,7 @@ rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
         for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-           if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) < 0) {
+           if (UNDEF_P(result) || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) < 0) {
                result = v;
            }
         }
@@ -6241,13 +6247,13 @@ rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     else if (n > 0) {
         result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
         if (n > 1) {
-            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(INTEGER)) {
                 return ary_min_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
             }
-            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(STRING)) {
                 return ary_min_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
             }
-            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(FLOAT)) {
                 return ary_min_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
             }
             else {
@@ -6255,7 +6261,7 @@ rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
             }
         }
     }
-    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    if (UNDEF_P(result)) return Qnil;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -8144,7 +8150,7 @@ finish_exact_sum(long n, VALUE r, VALUE v, int z)
 {
     if (n != 0)
         v = rb_fix_plus(LONG2FIX(n), v);
-    if (r != Qundef) {
+    if (!UNDEF_P(r)) {
         v = rb_rational_plus(r, v);
     }
     else if (!n && z) {
@@ -8223,7 +8229,7 @@ rb_ary_sum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
         else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(e))
             v = rb_big_plus(e, v);
         else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL)) {
-            if (r == Qundef)
+            if (UNDEF_P(r))
                 r = e;
             else
                 r = rb_rational_plus(r, e);
@@ -8733,7 +8739,7 @@ rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
  *
  *  - #pop: Removes and returns the last element.
  *  - #shift:  Removes and returns the first element.
- *  - #compact!: Removes all non-+nil+ elements.
+ *  - #compact!: Removes all +nil+ elements.
  *  - #delete: Removes elements equal to a given object.
  *  - #delete_at: Removes the element at a given offset.
  *  - #delete_if: Removes elements specified by a given block.
diff --git a/ast.c b/ast.c
index 42d4126a5b..adb7287ed3 100644
--- a/ast.c
+++ b/ast.c
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ ast_new_internal(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
     return obj;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines);
-static VALUE rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens);
 
 static VALUE
 ast_parse_new(void)
@@ -85,31 +85,33 @@ ast_parse_done(rb_ast_t *ast)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ast_s_parse(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+ast_s_parse(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
-    return rb_ast_parse_str(str, keep_script_lines);
+    return rb_ast_parse_str(str, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
     rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
 
     StringValue(str);
     VALUE vparser = ast_parse_new();
     if (RTEST(keep_script_lines)) rb_parser_keep_script_lines(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(error_tolerant)) rb_parser_error_tolerant(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(keep_tokens)) rb_parser_keep_tokens(vparser);
     ast = rb_parser_compile_string_path(vparser, Qnil, str, 1);
     return ast_parse_done(ast);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ast_s_parse_file(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+ast_s_parse_file(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
-    return rb_ast_parse_file(path, keep_script_lines);
+    return rb_ast_parse_file(path, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
     VALUE f;
     rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
@@ -120,6 +122,8 @@ rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path, VALUE keep_script_lines)
     rb_funcall(f, rb_intern("set_encoding"), 2, rb_enc_from_encoding(enc), rb_str_new_cstr("-"));
     VALUE vparser = ast_parse_new();
     if (RTEST(keep_script_lines)) rb_parser_keep_script_lines(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(error_tolerant))  rb_parser_error_tolerant(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(keep_tokens))  rb_parser_keep_tokens(vparser);
     ast = rb_parser_compile_file_path(vparser, Qnil, f, 1);
     rb_io_close(f);
     return ast_parse_done(ast);
@@ -139,13 +143,15 @@ lex_array(VALUE array, int index)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
     rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
 
     array = rb_check_array_type(array);
     VALUE vparser = ast_parse_new();
     if (RTEST(keep_script_lines)) rb_parser_keep_script_lines(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(error_tolerant)) rb_parser_error_tolerant(vparser);
+    if (RTEST(keep_tokens)) rb_parser_keep_tokens(vparser);
     ast = rb_parser_compile_generic(vparser, lex_array, Qnil, array, 1);
     return ast_parse_done(ast);
 }
@@ -193,7 +199,24 @@ script_lines(VALUE path)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ast_s_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE body, VALUE keep_script_lines)
+node_id_for_backtrace_location(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE location)
+{
+    int node_id;
+
+    if (!rb_frame_info_p(location)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Thread::Backtrace::Location object expected");
+    }
+
+    node_id = rb_get_node_id_from_frame_info(location);
+    if (node_id == -1) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    return INT2NUM(node_id);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE body, VALUE keep_script_lines, VALUE error_tolerant, VALUE keep_tokens)
 {
     VALUE node, lines = Qnil;
     const rb_iseq_t *iseq;
@@ -232,13 +255,13 @@ ast_s_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE body, VALUE keep_script
     }
 
     if (!NIL_P(lines) || !NIL_P(lines = script_lines(path))) {
-        node = rb_ast_parse_array(lines, keep_script_lines);
+        node = rb_ast_parse_array(lines, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens);
     }
     else if (e_option) {
-        node = rb_ast_parse_str(rb_e_script, keep_script_lines);
+        node = rb_ast_parse_str(rb_e_script, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens);
     }
     else {
-        node = rb_ast_parse_file(path, keep_script_lines);
+        node = rb_ast_parse_file(path, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens);
     }
 
     return node_find(node, node_id);
@@ -645,6 +668,8 @@ node_children(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
                                         NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pkwargs),
                                         kwrest);
         }
+      case NODE_ERROR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
       case NODE_ARGS_AUX:
       case NODE_LAST:
         break;
@@ -699,6 +724,15 @@ ast_node_last_column(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+ast_node_all_tokens(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return rb_ast_tokens(data->ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE
 ast_node_inspect(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE str;
diff --git a/ast.rb b/ast.rb
index f866bd23e5..f3f72c747f 100644
--- a/ast.rb
+++ b/ast.rb
@@ -20,21 +20,47 @@
 module RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
 
   #  call-seq:
-  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(string) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(string, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
   #
   #  Parses the given _string_ into an abstract syntax tree,
   #  returning the root node of that tree.
   #
-  #  SyntaxError is raised if the given _string_ is invalid syntax.
-  #
   #    RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2")
   #    # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-1:9>
-  def self.parse string, keep_script_lines: false
-    Primitive.ast_s_parse string, keep_script_lines
+  #
+  #  If <tt>keep_script_lines: true</tt> option is provided, the text of the parsed
+  #  source is associated with nodes and is available via Node#script_lines.
+  #
+  #  If <tt>keep_tokens: true</tt> option is provided, Node#tokens are populated.
+  #
+  #  SyntaxError is raised if the given _string_ is invalid syntax. To overwrite this
+  #  behavior, <tt>error_tolerant: true</tt> can be provided. In this case, the parser
+  #  will produce a tree where expressions with syntax errors would be represented by
+  #  Node with <tt>type=:ERROR</tt>.
+  #
+  #     root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1; p(x; y=2")
+  #     # <internal:ast>:33:in `parse': syntax error, unexpected ';', expecting ')' (SyntaxError)
+  #     # x = 1; p(x; y=2
+  #     #           ^
+  #
+  #     root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1; p(x; y=2", error_tolerant: true)
+  #     # (SCOPE@1:0-1:15
+  #     #  tbl: [:x, :y]
+  #     #  args: nil
+  #     #  body: (BLOCK@1:0-1:15 (LASGN@1:0-1:5 :x (LIT@1:4-1:5 1)) (ERROR@1:7-1:11) (LASGN@1:12-1:15 :y (LIT@1:14-1:15 2))))
+  #     root.children.last.children
+  #     # [(LASGN@1:0-1:5 :x (LIT@1:4-1:5 1)),
+  #     #  (ERROR@1:7-1:11),
+  #     #  (LASGN@1:12-1:15 :y (LIT@1:14-1:15 2))]
+  #
+  #  Note that parsing continues even after the errored expresion.
+  #
+  def self.parse string, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false
+    Primitive.ast_s_parse string, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens
   end
 
   #  call-seq:
-  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file(pathname) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file(pathname, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
   #
   #   Reads the file from _pathname_, then parses it like ::parse,
   #   returning the root node of the abstract syntax tree.
@@ -44,13 +70,15 @@ module RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
   #
   #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file("my-app/app.rb")
   #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-31:3>
-  def self.parse_file pathname, keep_script_lines: false
-    Primitive.ast_s_parse_file pathname, keep_script_lines
+  #
+  #   See ::parse for explanation of keyword argument meaning and usage.
+  def self.parse_file pathname, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false
+    Primitive.ast_s_parse_file pathname, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens
   end
 
   #  call-seq:
-  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc)   -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
-  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false)   -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
   #
   #   Returns AST nodes of the given _proc_ or _method_.
   #
@@ -63,8 +91,25 @@ module RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
   #
   #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method(:hello))
   #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-3:3>
-  def self.of body, keep_script_lines: false
-    Primitive.ast_s_of body, keep_script_lines
+  #
+  #   See ::parse for explanation of keyword argument meaning and usage.
+  def self.of body, keep_script_lines: false, error_tolerant: false, keep_tokens: false
+    Primitive.ast_s_of body, keep_script_lines, error_tolerant, keep_tokens
+  end
+
+  #  call-seq:
+  #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.node_id_for_backtrace_location(backtrace_location)   -> integer
+  #
+  #   Returns the node id for the given backtrace location.
+  #
+  #     begin
+  #       raise
+  #     rescue =>  e
+  #       loc = e.backtrace_locations.first
+  #       RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.node_id_for_backtrace_location(loc)
+  #     end # => 0
+  def self.node_id_for_backtrace_location backtrace_location
+    Primitive.node_id_for_backtrace_location backtrace_location
   end
 
   # RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node instances are created by parse methods in
@@ -122,6 +167,47 @@ module RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
     end
 
     #  call-seq:
+    #     node.tokens -> array
+    #
+    #  Returns tokens corresponding to the location of the node.
+    #  Returns +nil+ if +keep_tokens+ is not enabled when #parse method is called.
+    #
+    #    root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true)
+    #    root.tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...]
+    #    root.tokens.map{_1[2]}.join # => "x = 1 + 2"
+    #
+    #  Token is an array of:
+    #
+    #  - id
+    #  - token type
+    #  - source code text
+    #  - location [ first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column ]
+    def tokens
+      return nil unless all_tokens
+
+      all_tokens.each_with_object([]) do |token, a|
+        loc = token.last
+        if ([first_lineno, first_column] <=> [loc[0], loc[1]]) <= 0 &&
+           ([last_lineno, last_column]   <=> [loc[2], loc[3]]) >= 0
+           a << token
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     node.all_tokens -> array
+    #
+    #  Returns all tokens for the input script regardless the receiver node.
+    #  Returns +nil+ if +keep_tokens+ is not enabled when #parse method is called.
+    #
+    #    root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true)
+    #    root.all_tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...]
+    #    root.children[-1].all_tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...]
+    def all_tokens
+      Primitive.ast_node_all_tokens
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
     #     node.children -> array
     #
     #  Returns AST nodes under this one.  Each kind of node
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sort_int.yml b/benchmark/array_sort_int.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b9027ebf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sort_int.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.sort: ary2.sort
+  ary10.sort: ary10.sort
+  ary100.sort: ary100.sort
+  ary1000.sort: ary1000.sort
+  ary10000.sort: ary10000.sort
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/buffer_each.yml b/benchmark/buffer_each.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..417941104e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/buffer_each.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  Warning[:experimental] = false
+  string = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."
+  array = string.bytes
+  buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string)
+benchmark:
+  string.each_byte: |
+    upcased = String.new
+    string.each_byte do |byte|
+      upcased << (byte ^ 32)
+    end
+  array.each: |
+    upcased = String.new
+    array.each do |byte|
+      upcased << (byte ^ 32)
+    end
+  buffer.each: |
+    upcased = String.new
+    buffer.each(:U8) do |offset, byte|
+      upcased << (byte ^ 32)
+    end
+  buffer.each_byte: |
+    upcased = String.new
+    buffer.each_byte do |byte|
+      upcased << (byte ^ 32)
+    end
diff --git a/benchmark/buffer_get.yml b/benchmark/buffer_get.yml
index bb9ca7e94a..9e1f99d64e 100644
--- a/benchmark/buffer_get.yml
+++ b/benchmark/buffer_get.yml
@@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
 prelude: |
   # frozen_string_literal: true
   Warning[:experimental] = false
-  buffer = IO::Buffer.new(32, IO::Buffer::MAPPED)
-  string = "\0" * 32
+  string = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."
+  buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string)
+  format = [:U32, :U32, :U32, :U32]
 benchmark:
-  buffer.get_value: |
-    buffer.get_value(:U32, 0)
   string.unpack1: |
-    string.unpack1("N")
+    [
+      string.unpack1("N"),
+      string.unpack1("N", offset: 4),
+      string.unpack1("N", offset: 8),
+      string.unpack1("N", offset: 12),
+    ]
+  buffer.get_value: |
+    [
+      buffer.get_value(:U32, 0),
+      buffer.get_value(:U32, 4),
+      buffer.get_value(:U32, 8),
+      buffer.get_value(:U32, 12),
+    ]
+  buffer.get_values: |
+    buffer.get_values(format, 0)
+  string.unpack: |
+    string.unpack("NNNN")
diff --git a/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
index af6abd08ac..655be9d7d8 100644
--- a/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
+++ b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
@@ -1,32 +1,23 @@
-prelude: require 'cgi/escape'
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  require 'cgi/escape'
 benchmark:
-  - name: escape_html_blank
-    prelude: str = ""
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - script: CGI.escapeHTML("")
     loop_count: 20000000
-  - name: escape_html_short_none
-    prelude: str = "abcde"
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - script: CGI.escapeHTML("abcde")
     loop_count: 20000000
-  - name: escape_html_short_one
-    prelude: str = "abcd<"
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - script: CGI.escapeHTML("abcd<")
     loop_count: 20000000
-  - name: escape_html_short_all
-    prelude: str = "'&\"<>"
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - script: CGI.escapeHTML("'&\"<>")
     loop_count: 5000000
-  - name: escape_html_long_none
-    prelude: str = "abcde" * 300
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - prelude: long_no_escape = "abcde" * 300
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(long_no_escape)
     loop_count: 1000000
-  - name: escape_html_long_all
-    prelude: str = "'&\"<>" * 10
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+  - prelude: long_all_escape = "'&\"<>" * 10
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(long_all_escape)
     loop_count: 1000000
-  - name: escape_html_real
-    prelude: | # http://example.com/
-      str = <<~HTML
+  - prelude: | # http://example.com/
+      example_html = <<~HTML
         <body>
         <div>
             <h1>Example Domain</h1>
@@ -36,5 +27,5 @@ benchmark:
         </div>
         </body>
       HTML
-    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(example_html)
     loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_minmax.yml b/benchmark/enum_minmax.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d01731abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_minmax.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  set2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+
+benchmark:
+  set2.min: set2.min
+  set10.min: set10.min
+  set100.min: set100.min
+  set1000.min: set1000.min
+  set10000.min: set10000.min
+  set2.max: set2.max
+  set10.max: set10.max
+  set100.max: set100.max
+  set1000.max: set1000.max
+  set10000.max: set10000.max
+  set2.minmax: set2.minmax
+  set10.minmax: set10.minmax
+  set100.minmax: set100.minmax
+  set1000.minmax: set1000.minmax
+  set10000.minmax: set10000.minmax
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_sort.yml b/benchmark/enum_sort.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f26e748c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_sort.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  set2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+  set10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle.to_set
+
+benchmark:
+  set2.sort_by: set2.sort_by { 0 }
+  set10.sort_by: set10.sort_by { 0 }
+  set100.sort_by: set100.sort_by { 0 }
+  set1000.sort_by: set1000.sort_by { 0 }
+  set10000.sort_by: set10000.sort_by { 0 }
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/erb_escape_html.yml b/benchmark/erb_escape_html.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca28d756e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/erb_escape_html.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  require 'erb'
+benchmark:
+  - script: ERB::Util.html_escape("")
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - script: ERB::Util.html_escape("abcde")
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - script: ERB::Util.html_escape("abcd<")
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - script: ERB::Util.html_escape("'&\"<>")
+    loop_count: 5000000
+  - prelude: long_no_escape = "abcde" * 300
+    script: ERB::Util.html_escape(long_no_escape)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - prelude: long_all_escape = "'&\"<>" * 10
+    script: ERB::Util.html_escape(long_all_escape)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - prelude: | # http://example.com/
+      example_html = <<~HTML
+        <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Example Domain</h1>
+            <p>This domain is established to be used for illustrative examples in documents. You may use this
+            domain in examples without prior coordination or asking for permission.</p>
+            <p><a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/example">More information...</a></p>
+        </div>
+        </body>
+      HTML
+    script: ERB::Util.html_escape(example_html)
+    loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
index 1d4693e8be..3a58a620de 100644
--- a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Mjit < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips
         job.prelude = "#{job.prelude}\n#{<<~EOS}"
           if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
             __bmdv_ruby_i = 0
-            while __bmdv_ruby_i < 10000 # jit_min_calls
+            while __bmdv_ruby_i < 10000 # MJIT call threshold
               #{job.script}
               __bmdv_ruby_i += 1
             end
diff --git a/benchmark/numeric_methods.yml b/benchmark/numeric_methods.yml
index 433c2268a3..1384902935 100644
--- a/benchmark/numeric_methods.yml
+++ b/benchmark/numeric_methods.yml
@@ -10,4 +10,20 @@ benchmark:
     int.finite?
   infinite?: |
     int.infinite?
+  integer_real: |
+    int.real
+  float_real: |
+    flo.real
+  integr_imag: |
+    int.imag
+  float_imag: |
+    flo.imag
+  integer_conj: |
+    int.conj
+  float_conj: |
+    flo.conj
+  integer_numerator: |
+    int.numerator
+  integer_denominator: |
+    int.denominator
 loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/range_min.yml b/benchmark/range_min.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e60dd7308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/range_min.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+benchmark:
+  - (1..10).min
diff --git a/benchmark/time_parse.yml b/benchmark/time_parse.yml
index a6d6948b9c..6060b58bc6 100644
--- a/benchmark/time_parse.yml
+++ b/benchmark/time_parse.yml
@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@ benchmark:
   - Time.iso8601(iso8601)
   - Time.parse(iso8601)
   - Time.parse(inspect)
+  - Time.new(iso8601) rescue Time.iso8601(iso8601)
+  - Time.new(inspect) rescue Time.parse(inspect)
diff --git a/bignum.c b/bignum.c
index 9901a807b1..cb2c3b6f07 100644
--- a/bignum.c
+++ b/bignum.c
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ integer_unpack_num_bdigits_small(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails,
 {
     /* nlp_bits stands for number of leading padding bits */
     size_t num_bits = (wordsize * CHAR_BIT - nails) * numwords;
-    size_t num_bdigits = (num_bits + BITSPERDIG - 1) / BITSPERDIG;
+    size_t num_bdigits = roomof(num_bits, BITSPERDIG);
     *nlp_bits_ret = (int)(num_bdigits * BITSPERDIG - num_bits);
     return num_bdigits;
 }
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ integer_unpack_num_bdigits_generic(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nail
 {
     /* BITSPERDIG = SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT */
     /* num_bits = (wordsize * CHAR_BIT - nails) * numwords */
-    /* num_bdigits = (num_bits + BITSPERDIG - 1) / BITSPERDIG */
+    /* num_bdigits = roomof(num_bits, BITSPERDIG) */
 
     /* num_bits = CHAR_BIT * (wordsize * numwords) - nails * numwords = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes1 - nails * numwords */
     size_t num_bytes1 = wordsize * numwords;
@@ -4184,7 +4184,6 @@ rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, size_t *ndigits,
         }
         if (!c || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
         if (end) len = end - str;
-        ASSERT_LEN();
     }
     c = *str;
     c = conv_digit(c);
@@ -4587,11 +4586,14 @@ big_shift3(VALUE x, int lshift_p, size_t shift_numdigits, int shift_numbits)
 
     if (lshift_p) {
         if (LONG_MAX < shift_numdigits) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big number");
+          too_big:
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "shift width too big");
         }
         s1 = shift_numdigits;
         s2 = shift_numbits;
+        if ((size_t)s1 != shift_numdigits) goto too_big;
         xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+        if (LONG_MAX/SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= xn+s1) goto too_big;
         z = bignew(xn+s1+1, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
         zds = BDIGITS(z);
         BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, s1);
diff --git a/bootstraptest/runner.rb b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
index 9699b10bc0..f9b3e919b8 100755
--- a/bootstraptest/runner.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ if !Dir.respond_to?(:mktmpdir)
 end
 
 # Configuration
-BT = Struct.new(:ruby,
+bt = Struct.new(:ruby,
                 :verbose,
                 :color,
                 :tty,
@@ -73,9 +73,78 @@ BT = Struct.new(:ruby,
                 :failed,
                 :reset,
                 :columns,
+                :window_width,
                 :width,
+                :indent,
                 :platform,
-                ).new
+                )
+BT = Class.new(bt) do
+  def indent=(n)
+    super
+    if (self.columns ||= 0) < n
+      $stderr.print(' ' * (n - self.columns))
+    end
+    self.columns = indent
+  end
+
+  def putc(c)
+    unless self.quiet
+      if self.window_width == nil
+        unless w = ENV["COLUMNS"] and (w = w.to_i) > 0
+          w = 80
+        end
+        w -= 1
+        self.window_width = w
+      end
+      if self.window_width and self.columns >= self.window_width
+        $stderr.print "\n", " " * (self.indent ||= 0)
+        self.columns = indent
+      end
+      $stderr.print c
+      $stderr.flush
+      self.columns += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  def wn=(wn)
+    unless wn == 1
+      if /(?:\A|\s)--jobserver-(?:auth|fds)=(?:(\d+),(\d+)|fifo:((?:\\.|\S)+))/ =~ ENV.delete("MAKEFLAGS")
+        begin
+          if fifo = $3
+            fifo.gsub!(/\\(?=.)/, '')
+            r = File.open(fifo, IO::RDONLY|IO::NONBLOCK|IO::BINARY)
+            w = File.open(fifo, IO::WRONLY|IO::NONBLOCK|IO::BINARY)
+          else
+            r = IO.for_fd($1.to_i(10), "rb", autoclose: false)
+            w = IO.for_fd($2.to_i(10), "wb", autoclose: false)
+          end
+        rescue => e
+          r.close if r
+        else
+          r.close_on_exec = true
+          w.close_on_exec = true
+          tokens = r.read_nonblock(wn > 0 ? wn : 1024, exception: false)
+          r.close
+          if String === tokens
+            tokens.freeze
+            auth = w
+            w = nil
+            at_exit {auth << tokens; auth.close}
+            wn = tokens.size + 1
+          else
+            w.close
+            wn = 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      if wn <= 0
+        require 'etc'
+        wn = [Etc.nprocessors / 2, 1].max
+      end
+    end
+    super wn
+  end
+end.new
 
 BT_STATE = Struct.new(:count, :error).new
 
@@ -87,7 +156,7 @@ def main
   BT.color = nil
   BT.tty = nil
   BT.quiet = false
-  BT.wn = 1
+  # BT.wn = 1
   dir = nil
   quiet = false
   tests = nil
@@ -122,12 +191,7 @@ def main
       BT.quiet = true
       true
     when /\A-j(\d+)?/
-      wn = $1.to_i
-      if wn <= 0
-        require 'etc'
-        wn = [Etc.nprocessors / 2, 1].max
-      end
-      BT.wn = wn
+      BT.wn = $1.to_i
       true
     when /\A(-v|--v(erbose))\z/
       BT.verbose = true
@@ -163,6 +227,7 @@ End
   BT.progress = %w[- \\ | /]
   BT.progress_bs = "\b" * BT.progress[0].size
   BT.tty = $stderr.tty? if BT.tty.nil?
+  BT.wn ||= /-j(\d+)?/ =~ (ENV["MAKEFLAGS"] || ENV["MFLAGS"]) ? $1.to_i : 1
 
   case BT.color
   when nil
@@ -240,7 +305,7 @@ def concurrent_exec_test
     end
   end
 
-  $stderr.print ' ' unless BT.quiet
+  BT.indent = 1
   aq.close
   i = 1
   term_wn = 0
@@ -252,7 +317,7 @@ def concurrent_exec_test
         when BT.tty
           $stderr.print "#{BT.progress_bs}#{BT.progress[(i+=1) % BT.progress.size]}"
         else
-          $stderr.print '.'
+          BT.putc '.'
         end
       else
         term_wn += 1
@@ -274,7 +339,7 @@ def exec_test(pathes)
 
   # execute tests
   if BT.wn > 1
-    concurrent_exec_test if BT.wn > 1
+    concurrent_exec_test
   else
     prev_basename = nil
     Assertion.all.each do |basename, assertions|
@@ -427,7 +492,7 @@ class Assertion < Struct.new(:src, :path, :lineno, :proc)
       elsif BT.verbose
         $stderr.printf(". %.3f\n", t)
       else
-        $stderr.print '.'
+        BT.putc '.'
       end
     else
       $stderr.print "#{BT.failed}F"
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_attr.rb b/bootstraptest/test_attr.rb
index 721a847145..3cb9d3eb39 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_attr.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_attr.rb
@@ -34,3 +34,19 @@ assert_equal %{ok}, %{
     print "ok"
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:15120]'
+
+assert_equal %{ok}, %{
+  class Big
+    attr_reader :foo
+    def initialize
+      @foo = "ok"
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = Big.new
+  100.times do |i|
+    obj.instance_variable_set(:"@ivar_\#{i}", i)
+  end
+
+  Big.new.foo
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
index b29db7ab0e..67e66b03ee 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
@@ -283,8 +283,9 @@ assert_equal 30.times.map { 'ok' }.to_s, %q{
   30.times.map{|i|
     test i
   }
-} unless ENV['RUN_OPTS'] =~ /--jit-min-calls=5/ || # This always fails with --jit-wait --jit-min-calls=5
-  (ENV.key?('TRAVIS') && ENV['TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH'] == 'arm64') # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17878
+} unless ENV['RUN_OPTS'] =~ /--mjit-call-threshold=5/ || # This always fails with --mjit-wait --mjit-call-threshold=5
+  (ENV.key?('TRAVIS') && ENV['TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH'] == 'arm64') || # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17878
+  true # too flaky everywhere http://ci.rvm.jp/results/trunk@ruby-sp1/4321096
 
 # Exception for empty select
 assert_match /specify at least one ractor/, %q{
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
     rs.delete r
     n
   }.sort
-}
+} unless /mswin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM # randomly hangs on mswin https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions/runs/3753871445/jobs/6377551069#step:20:131
 
 # Ractor.select also support multiple take, receive and yield
 assert_equal '[true, true, true]', %q{
@@ -1472,7 +1473,7 @@ assert_equal "#{N}#{N}", %Q{
 }
 
 # enc_table
-assert_equal "#{N/10}", %Q{
+assert_equal "100", %Q{
   Ractor.new do
     loop do
       Encoding.find("test-enc-#{rand(5_000)}").inspect
@@ -1481,7 +1482,7 @@ assert_equal "#{N/10}", %Q{
   end
 
   src = Encoding.find("UTF-8")
-  #{N/10}.times{|i|
+  100.times{|i|
     src.replicate("test-enc-\#{i}")
   }
 }
@@ -1579,4 +1580,49 @@ assert_equal "ok", %q{
   end
 }
 
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  module M
+    def foo
+      @foo
+    end
+  end
+
+  class A
+    include M
+
+    def initialize
+      100.times { |i| instance_variable_set(:"@var_#{i}", "bad: #{i}") }
+      @foo = 2
+    end
+  end
+
+  class B
+    include M
+
+    def initialize
+      @foo = 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new do
+    b = B.new
+    100_000.times do
+      raise unless b.foo == 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  a = A.new
+  100_000.times do
+    raise unless a.foo == 2
+  end
+
+  "ok"
+}
+
+assert_match /\Atest_ractor\.rb:1:\s+warning:\s+Ractor is experimental/, %q{
+  Warning[:experimental] = $VERBOSE = true
+  STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
+  eval("Ractor.new{}.take", nil, "test_ractor.rb", 1)
+}
+
 end # if !ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW']
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb b/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
index 2dff7d591a..5c655b8f25 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,33 @@
+# Regression test for yielding with autosplat to block with
+# optional parameters. https://github.com/Shopify/yjit/issues/313
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :a, :b]', %q{
+  def yielder(arg) = yield(arg) + yield(arg)
+
+  yielder([:a, :b]) do |c = :c, d = :d|
+    [c, d]
+  end
+}
+
+# Regression test for GC mishap while doing shape transition
+assert_equal '[:ok]', %q{
+  # [Bug #19601]
+  class RegressionTest
+    def initialize
+      @a = @b = @fourth_ivar_does_shape_transition = nil
+    end
+
+    def extender
+      @first_extended_ivar = [:ok]
+    end
+  end
+
+  GC.stress = true
+
+  # Used to crash due to GC run in rb_ensure_iv_list_size()
+  # not marking the newly allocated [:ok].
+  RegressionTest.new.extender.itself
+}
+
 assert_equal 'true', %q{
   # regression test for tracking type of locals for too long
   def local_setting_cmp(five)
@@ -45,6 +75,29 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
   Object.send(:remove_const, :Foo)
 }
 
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  # Test to ensure send on overriden c functions
+  # doesn't corrupt the stack
+  class Bar
+    def bar(x)
+      x
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Foo
+    def bar
+      Bar.new
+    end
+  end
+
+  foo = Foo.new
+  # before this change, this line would error
+  # because "s" would still be on the stack
+  # String.to_s is the overridden method here
+  p foo.bar.bar("s".__send__(:to_s))
+}
+
+
 assert_equal '[nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]', %q{
   [NilClass, TrueClass, FalseClass, Integer, Float, Symbol].each do |klass|
     klass.class_eval("def foo = @foo")
@@ -198,6 +251,8 @@ assert_equal 'string', %q{
 
 # Check that exceptions work when getting global variable
 assert_equal 'rescued', %q{
+  Warning[:deprecated] = true
+
   module Warning
     def warn(message)
       raise
@@ -1118,6 +1173,38 @@ assert_equal '42', %q{
   run
 }
 
+# splatting an empty array on a specialized method
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  def run
+    "ok".to_s(*[])
+  end
+
+  run
+  run
+}
+
+# splatting an single element array on a specialized method
+assert_equal '[1]', %q{
+  def run
+    [].<<(*[1])
+  end
+
+  run
+  run
+}
+
+# specialized method with wrong args
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  def run(x)
+    "bad".to_s(123) if x
+  rescue
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  run(false)
+  run(true)
+}
+
 # getinstancevariable on Symbol
 assert_equal '[nil, nil]', %q{
   # @foo to exercise the getinstancevariable instruction
@@ -2150,7 +2237,7 @@ assert_equal '[[:c_return, :String, :string_alias, "events_to_str"]]', %q{
   events.compiled(events)
 
   events
-}
+} unless defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled? # MJIT calls extra Ruby methods
 
 # test enabling a TracePoint that targets a particular line in a C method call
 assert_equal '[true]', %q{
@@ -2232,7 +2319,7 @@ assert_equal '[[:c_call, :itself]]', %q{
   tp.enable { shouldnt_compile }
 
   events
-}
+} unless defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled? # MJIT calls extra Ruby methods
 
 # test enabling c_return tracing before compiling
 assert_equal '[[:c_return, :itself, main]]', %q{
@@ -2247,6 +2334,26 @@ assert_equal '[[:c_return, :itself, main]]', %q{
   tp.enable { shouldnt_compile }
 
   events
+} unless defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled? # MJIT calls extra Ruby methods
+
+# test c_call invalidation
+assert_equal '[[:c_call, :itself]]', %q{
+  # enable the event once to make sure invalidation
+  # happens the second time we enable it
+  TracePoint.new(:c_call) {}.enable{}
+
+  def compiled
+    itself
+  end
+
+  # assume first call compiles
+  compiled
+
+  events = []
+  tp = TracePoint.new(:c_call) { |tp| events << [tp.event, tp.method_id] }
+  tp.enable { compiled }
+
+  events
 }
 
 # test enabling tracing for a suspended fiber
@@ -3309,3 +3416,115 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
   end
   foo(Foo.new)
 }
+
+# bmethod
+assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', %q{
+  one = 1
+  define_method(:foo) do
+    one
+  end
+
+  3.times.map { |i| foo + i }
+}
+
+# return inside bmethod
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  define_method(:foo) do
+    1.tap { return :ok }
+  end
+
+  foo
+}
+
+# bmethod optional and keywords
+assert_equal '[[1, nil, 2]]', %q{
+  define_method(:opt_and_kwargs) do |a = {}, b: nil, c: nil|
+    [a, b, c]
+  end
+
+  5.times.map { opt_and_kwargs(1, c: 2) }.uniq
+}
+
+# bmethod with forwarded block
+assert_equal '2', %q{
+  define_method(:foo) do |&block|
+    block.call
+  end
+
+  def bar(&block)
+    foo(&block)
+  end
+
+  bar { 1 }
+  bar { 2 }
+}
+
+# bmethod with forwarded block and arguments
+assert_equal '5', %q{
+  define_method(:foo) do |n, &block|
+    n + block.call
+  end
+
+  def bar(n, &block)
+    foo(n, &block)
+  end
+
+  bar(0) { 1 }
+  bar(3) { 2 }
+}
+
+# bmethod with forwarded unwanted block
+assert_equal '1', %q{
+  one = 1
+  define_method(:foo) do
+    one
+  end
+
+  def bar(&block)
+    foo(&block)
+  end
+
+  bar { }
+  bar { }
+}
+
+# test for return stub lifetime issue
+assert_equal '1', %q{
+  def foo(n)
+    if n == 2
+      return 1.times { Object.define_method(:foo) {} }
+    end
+
+    foo(n + 1)
+  end
+
+  foo(1)
+}
+
+# case-when with redefined ===
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  class Symbol
+    def ===(a)
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def cw(arg)
+    case arg
+    when :b
+      :ok
+    when 4
+      :ng
+    end
+  end
+
+  cw(4)
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit %{
+  class Bug20997
+    def foo(&) = self.class.name(&)
+
+    new.foo
+  end
+}
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 7ad52f44f4..38ad5a1629 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ struct rb_builtin_function {
     const char * const name;
 
     // for jit
-    void (*compiler)(FILE *, long, unsigned, bool);
+    void (*compiler)(VALUE, long, unsigned, bool);
 };
 
 #define RB_BUILTIN_FUNCTION(_i, _name, _fname, _arity, _compiler) {\
diff --git a/ccan/check_type/check_type.h b/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
index e795ad71d0..659e1a5a83 100644
--- a/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
+++ b/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
  *		 ((encl_type *)						\
  *		  ((char *)(mbr_ptr) - offsetof(enclosing_type, mbr))))
  */
-#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPEOF) && HAVE_TYPEOF
 #define ccan_check_type(expr, type)			\
 	((typeof(expr) *)0 != (type *)0)
 
diff --git a/ccan/container_of/container_of.h b/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
index b30c347d57..872bb6ea6e 100644
--- a/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
+++ b/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static inline char *container_of_or_null_(void *member_ptr, size_t offset)
  *		return i;
  *	}
  */
-#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPEOF) && HAVE_TYPEOF
 #define ccan_container_of_var(member_ptr, container_var, member) \
 	ccan_container_of(member_ptr, typeof(*container_var), member)
 #else
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static inline char *container_of_or_null_(void *member_ptr, size_t offset)
  * structure memory layout.
  *
  */
-#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPEOF) && HAVE_TYPEOF
 #define ccan_container_off_var(var, member)		\
 	ccan_container_off(typeof(*var), member)
 #else
diff --git a/ccan/list/list.h b/ccan/list/list.h
index 91787bfdb3..30b2af04e9 100644
--- a/ccan/list/list.h
+++ b/ccan/list/list.h
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ static inline struct ccan_list_node *ccan_list_node_from_off_(void *ptr, size_t
 	(ccan_container_off_var(var, member) +		\
 	 ccan_check_type(var->member, struct ccan_list_node))
 
-#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#if defined(HAVE_TYPEOF) && HAVE_TYPEOF
 #define ccan_list_typeof(var) typeof(var)
 #else
 #define ccan_list_typeof(var) void *
diff --git a/class.c b/class.c
index 5e57068f03..cf0b7b821f 100644
--- a/class.c
+++ b/class.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ push_subclass_entry_to_list(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 void
 rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
-    if (super && super != Qundef) {
+    if (super && !UNDEF_P(super)) {
         rb_subclass_entry_t *entry = push_subclass_entry_to_list(super, klass);
         RCLASS_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass) = entry;
     }
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
 {
     size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct RClass);
 
-#if USE_RVARGC
+#if RCLASS_EXT_EMBEDDED
     alloc_size += sizeof(rb_classext_t);
 #endif
 
@@ -206,17 +206,13 @@ class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
     if (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS) flags |= FL_WB_PROTECTED;
     RVARGC_NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RClass, klass, flags, alloc_size);
 
-#if USE_RVARGC
+#if RCLASS_EXT_EMBEDDED
     memset(RCLASS_EXT(obj), 0, sizeof(rb_classext_t));
-# if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T != SIZEOF_VALUE
-    RCLASS(obj)->class_serial_ptr = ZALLOC(rb_serial_t);
-# endif
 #else
     obj->ptr = ZALLOC(rb_classext_t);
 #endif
 
     /* ZALLOC
-      RCLASS_IV_TBL(obj) = 0;
       RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
       RCLASS_M_TBL(obj) = 0;
       RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
@@ -226,7 +222,6 @@ class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
       RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASSES(obj) = NULL;
      */
     RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN((VALUE)obj, (VALUE)obj);
-    RCLASS_SERIAL(obj) = rb_next_class_serial();
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(obj), Qnil);
     RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(obj) = 0;
 
@@ -282,7 +277,7 @@ rb_class_update_superclasses(VALUE klass)
     VALUE super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
 
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) return;
-    if (super == Qundef) return;
+    if (UNDEF_P(super)) return;
 
     // If the superclass array is already built
     if (RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass))
@@ -331,7 +326,13 @@ rb_class_new(VALUE super)
 {
     Check_Type(super, T_CLASS);
     rb_check_inheritable(super);
-    return rb_class_boot(super);
+    VALUE klass = rb_class_boot(super);
+
+    if (super != rb_cObject && super != rb_cBasicObject) {
+        RCLASS_EXT(klass)->max_iv_count = RCLASS_EXT(super)->max_iv_count;
+    }
+
+    return klass;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -403,28 +404,57 @@ class_init_copy_check(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     }
 }
 
+struct cvc_table_copy_ctx {
+    VALUE clone;
+    struct rb_id_table * new_table;
+};
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+cvc_table_copy(ID id, VALUE val, void *data) {
+    struct cvc_table_copy_ctx *ctx = (struct cvc_table_copy_ctx *)data;
+    struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry * orig_entry;
+    orig_entry = (struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *)val;
+
+    struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *ent;
+
+    ent = ALLOC(struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry);
+    ent->class_value = ctx->clone;
+    ent->cref = orig_entry->cref;
+    ent->global_cvar_state = orig_entry->global_cvar_state;
+    rb_id_table_insert(ctx->new_table, id, (VALUE)ent);
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ctx->clone, Qundef, ent->cref);
+
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
 static void
 copy_tables(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 {
-    if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone)) {
-        st_free_table(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone));
-        RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = 0;
-    }
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone)) {
         rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
         RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = 0;
     }
+    if (RCLASS_CVC_TBL(orig)) {
+        struct rb_id_table *rb_cvc_tbl = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(orig);
+        struct rb_id_table *rb_cvc_tbl_dup = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(rb_cvc_tbl));
+
+        struct cvc_table_copy_ctx ctx;
+        ctx.clone = clone;
+        ctx.new_table = rb_cvc_tbl_dup;
+        rb_id_table_foreach(rb_cvc_tbl, cvc_table_copy, &ctx);
+        RCLASS_CVC_TBL(clone) = rb_cvc_tbl_dup;
+    }
+    rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_M_TBL(clone));
     RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = 0;
-    if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(orig)) {
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_ICLASS)) {
         st_data_t id;
 
         rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, orig);
         CONST_ID(id, "__tmp_classpath__");
-        st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
+        rb_attr_delete(clone, id);
         CONST_ID(id, "__classpath__");
-        st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
-        CONST_ID(id, "__classid__");
-        st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
+        rb_attr_delete(clone, id);
     }
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig)) {
         struct clone_const_arg arg;
@@ -526,7 +556,6 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
             prev_clone_p = clone_p;
             RCLASS_M_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_M_TBL(p);
             RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(p);
-            RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(p);
             RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(clone_p) = RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(p);
             if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
                 RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(clone_p, clone);
@@ -613,16 +642,14 @@ rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach)
 
         RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
         RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(clone) = RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(klass);
-        if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass)) {
-            rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
-        }
+        rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
         if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass)) {
             struct clone_const_arg arg;
             arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
             arg.klass = clone;
             rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, &arg);
         }
-        if (attach != Qundef) {
+        if (!UNDEF_P(attach)) {
             rb_singleton_class_attached(clone, attach);
         }
         RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
@@ -931,7 +958,7 @@ rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
+rb_define_class_id_under_no_pin(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass;
 
@@ -948,8 +975,6 @@ rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
                      " (%"PRIsVALUE" is given but was %"PRIsVALUE")",
                      outer, rb_id2str(id), RCLASS_SUPER(klass), super);
         }
-        /* Class may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
-        rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 
         return klass;
     }
@@ -961,12 +986,19 @@ rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
     rb_set_class_path_string(klass, outer, rb_id2str(id));
     rb_const_set(outer, id, klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
-    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 
     return klass;
 }
 
 VALUE
+rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
+{
+    VALUE klass = rb_define_class_id_under_no_pin(outer, id, super);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
+    return klass;
+}
+
+VALUE
 rb_module_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE mod = class_alloc(T_MODULE, klass);
@@ -1068,13 +1100,10 @@ rb_include_class_new(VALUE module, VALUE super)
         module = METACLASS_OF(module);
     }
     RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_ICLASS));
-    if (!RCLASS_IV_TBL(module)) {
-        RCLASS_IV_TBL(module) = st_init_numtable();
-    }
     if (!RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module)) {
         RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = rb_id_table_create(0);
     }
-    RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(module);
+
     RCLASS_CVC_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(module);
     RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
 
@@ -1116,8 +1145,8 @@ rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
             iclass = iclass->next;
         }
 
-        int do_include = 1;
         while (iclass) {
+            int do_include = 1;
             VALUE check_class = iclass->klass;
             /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
              * has not yet been swept. */
@@ -1184,7 +1213,7 @@ static int
 do_include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super, bool check_cyclic)
 {
     VALUE p, iclass, origin_stack = 0;
-    int method_changed = 0, add_subclass;
+    int method_changed = 0;
     long origin_len;
     VALUE klass_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
     VALUE original_klass = klass;
@@ -1248,7 +1277,6 @@ do_include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super
         iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, super_class);
         c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, iclass);
         RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(iclass, klass);
-        add_subclass = TRUE;
         if (module != RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)) {
             if (!origin_stack) origin_stack = rb_ary_hidden_new(2);
             VALUE origin[2] = {iclass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)};
@@ -1259,14 +1287,11 @@ do_include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super
             RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), iclass);
             RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(iclass);
             rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
-            add_subclass = FALSE;
         }
 
-        if (add_subclass) {
-            VALUE m = module;
-            if (BUILTIN_TYPE(m) == T_ICLASS) m = METACLASS_OF(m);
-            rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(m, iclass);
-        }
+        VALUE m = module;
+        if (BUILTIN_TYPE(m) == T_ICLASS) m = METACLASS_OF(m);
+        rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(m, iclass);
 
         if (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_MODULE && FL_TEST(klass, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT)) {
             VALUE refined_class =
@@ -1583,6 +1608,27 @@ class_descendants(VALUE klass, bool immediate_only)
  *     A.subclasses        #=> [D, B]
  *     B.subclasses        #=> [C]
  *     C.subclasses        #=> []
+ *
+ *  Anonymous subclasses (not associated with a constant) are
+ *  returned, too:
+ *
+ *     c = Class.new(A)
+ *     A.subclasses        # => [#<Class:0x00007f003c77bd78>, D, B]
+ *
+ *  Note that the parent does not hold references to subclasses
+ *  and doesn't prevent them from being garbage collected. This
+ *  means that the subclass might disappear when all references
+ *  to it are dropped:
+ *
+ *     # drop the reference to subclass, it can be garbage-collected now
+ *     c = nil
+ *
+ *     A.subclasses
+ *     # It can be
+ *     #  => [#<Class:0x00007f003c77bd78>, D, B]
+ *     # ...or just
+ *     #  => [D, B]
+ *     # ...depending on whether garbage collector was run
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -1591,6 +1637,33 @@ rb_class_subclasses(VALUE klass)
     return class_descendants(klass, true);
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     attached_object -> object
+ *
+ *  Returns the object for which the receiver is the singleton class.
+ *
+ *  Raises an TypeError if the class is not a singleton class.
+ *
+ *     class Foo; end
+ *
+ *     Foo.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> Foo
+ *     Foo.attached_object                        #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class
+ *     Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object    #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370>
+ *     TrueClass.attached_object                  #=> TypeError: `TrueClass' is not a singleton class
+ *     NilClass.attached_object                   #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class
+ */
+
+VALUE
+rb_class_attached_object(VALUE klass)
+{
+    if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "`%"PRIsVALUE"' is not a singleton class", klass);
+    }
+
+    return rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached);
+}
+
 static void
 ins_methods_push(st_data_t name, st_data_t ary)
 {
@@ -1641,10 +1714,7 @@ ins_methods_pub_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 static int
 ins_methods_undef_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_UNDEF) {
-        ins_methods_push(name, ary);
-    }
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    return ins_methods_type_i(name, type, ary, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
 }
 
 struct method_entry_arg {
@@ -2121,9 +2191,7 @@ singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
     klass = METACLASS_OF(obj);
     if (!(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
           rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
-        rb_serial_t serial = RCLASS_SERIAL(klass);
         klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, klass);
-        RCLASS_SERIAL(klass) = serial;
     }
 
     RB_FL_SET_RAW(klass, RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(obj));
@@ -2137,7 +2205,7 @@ rb_freeze_singleton_class(VALUE x)
     /* should not propagate to meta-meta-class, and so on */
     if (!(RBASIC(x)->flags & FL_SINGLETON)) {
         VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(x);
-        if (klass && (klass = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass)) != 0 &&
+        if (klass && // no class when hidden from ObjectSpace
             FL_TEST(klass, (FL_SINGLETON|FL_FREEZE)) == FL_SINGLETON) {
             OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(klass);
         }
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index 4678fd8940..126053c9c8 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ mflags = $(MFLAGS)
 gnumake_recursive =
 enable_shared = $(ENABLE_SHARED:no=)
 
-UNICODE_VERSION = 14.0.0
+UNICODE_VERSION = 15.0.0
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_0 = $(UNICODE_VERSION)///
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_1 = $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_0:.0///=)
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION = $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_1:///=)
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ RUN_OPTS      = --disable-gems
 
 # GITPULLOPTIONS = --no-tags
 
-INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)
+INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR) $(incflags)
 
 GEM_HOME =
 GEM_PATH =
 GEM_VENDOR =
 
 BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_URL = https://github.com/benchmark-driver/benchmark-driver
-BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_REF = v0.15.18
+BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_REF = v0.16.0
 SIMPLECOV_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov.git
 SIMPLECOV_GIT_REF = v0.17.0
 SIMPLECOV_HTML_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov-html.git
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		math.$(OBJEXT) \
 		memory_view.$(OBJEXT) \
 		mjit.$(OBJEXT) \
-		mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT) \
+		mjit_c.$(OBJEXT) \
 		node.$(OBJEXT) \
 		numeric.$(OBJEXT) \
 		object.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		regsyntax.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ruby.$(OBJEXT) \
 		scheduler.$(OBJEXT) \
+		shape.$(OBJEXT) \
 		signal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		sprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 		st.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ MAKE_LINK = $(MINIRUBY) -rfileutils -e "include FileUtils::Verbose" \
 YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = --crate-name=yjit \
 	--crate-type=staticlib \
 	--edition=2021 \
+	-g \
 	-C opt-level=3 \
 	-C overflow-checks=on \
 	'--out-dir=$(CARGO_TARGET_DIR)/release/' \
@@ -233,9 +235,9 @@ all: $(SHOWFLAGS) main docs
 main: $(SHOWFLAGS) exts $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/mjit/instruction.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/mjit/instruction.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/mjit/instruction.rb: $(tooldir)/insns2vm.rb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/lib/mjit/instruction.rb.erb $(srcdir)/insns.def
+main: $(srcdir)/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb
+srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb
+$(srcdir)/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb: $(tooldir)/insns2vm.rb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb.erb $(srcdir)/insns.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -Ku $(tooldir)/insns2vm.rb --basedir="$(srcdir)" $(INSNS2VMOPT) $@
 
@@ -248,19 +250,7 @@ mjit_config.h: Makefile
 
 .PHONY: mjit-bindgen
 mjit-bindgen:
-	$(Q)$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ilib \
-		-e 'ENV["GEM_HOME"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_PATH__SYSTEM"] = "true"' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_WITHOUT"] = "lint doc"' \
-		-e 'load "spec/bundler/support/bundle.rb"' -- install --gemfile=tool/mjit/Gemfile
-	$(Q)$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ilib \
-		-e 'ENV["GEM_HOME"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = "tool/mjit/Gemfile"' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_PATH__SYSTEM"] = "true"' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_WITHOUT"] = "lint doc"' \
-		-e 'load "spec/bundler/support/bundle.rb"' -- exec tool/mjit/bindgen.rb $(CURDIR)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -rrubygems -C $(srcdir)/tool/mjit bindgen.rb $(CURDIR)
 
 # These rules using MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX must be in common.mk, not
 # Makefile.in, in order to override the macro in defs/universal.mk.
@@ -302,6 +292,8 @@ showflags:
 	"	LC_ALL = $(LC_ALL)" \
 	"	LC_CTYPE = $(LC_CTYPE)" \
 	"	MFLAGS = $(MFLAGS)" \
+	"	RUSTC = $(RUSTC)" \
+	"	YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = $(YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS)" \
 	$(MESSAGE_END)
 	-@$(CC_VERSION)
 
@@ -642,12 +634,13 @@ clear-installed-list: PHONY
 
 clean: clean-ext clean-enc clean-golf clean-docs clean-extout clean-local clean-platform clean-spec
 clean-local:: clean-runnable
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(INITOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
 	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc) $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
 	$(Q)$(RM) probes.h probes.$(OBJEXT) probes.stamp ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT) ruby.imp ChangeLog $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT)
 	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb bisect.sh $(ENC_TRANS_D) builtin_binary.inc
-	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+	-$(Q)$(RMALL) yjit/target
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine yjit 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 bin/clean-runnable:: PHONY
 	$(Q)$(CHDIR) bin 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) bin/*.$(DLEXT) 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
@@ -773,7 +766,7 @@ clean-spec: PHONY
 	-$(Q) $(RMDIRS) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 	-$(Q) $(RMALL) rubyspec_temp
 
-check: main test test-tool test-all test-spec
+check: main $(DOT_WAIT) test $(DOT_WAIT) test-tool $(DOT_WAIT) test-all
 	$(ECHO) check succeeded
 	-$(Q) : : "run only on sh"; \
 	if [ x"$(GIT)" != x ] && $(CHDIR) "$(srcdir)" && \
@@ -797,23 +790,24 @@ $(arch:noarch=ignore)-fake.rb: $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in $(tooldir)/generic_
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(CPP) -DRUBY_EXPORT $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) "$(srcdir)/version.c" | \
 	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ "$(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in" \
-		i=- srcdir="$(srcdir)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+	    i=- srcdir="$(srcdir)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)" \
+	    LIBPATHENV="$(LIBPATHENV)" PRELOADENV="$(PRELOADENV)" LIBRUBY_SO="$(LIBRUBY_SO)"
 
 noarch-fake.rb: # prerequisite of yes-fake
-	touch $@
+	$(Q) exit > $@
 
 btest: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest
 no-btest: PHONY
 yes-btest: yes-fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
-	$(Q)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
+	$(Q)$(gnumake_recursive)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 
 btest-ruby: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest-ruby
 no-btest-ruby: PHONY
 yes-btest-ruby: prog PHONY
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
-	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(RUN_OPTS)" -q $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
+	$(Q)$(gnumake_recursive)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 
 rtest: yes-fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
@@ -851,7 +845,7 @@ yes-test-tool: prog PHONY
 no-test-tool: PHONY
 
 test-sample: test-basic # backward compatibility for mswin-build
-test-short: btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic
+test-short: btest-ruby $(DOT_WAIT) test-knownbug $(DOT_WAIT) test-basic
 test: test-short
 
 # $ make test-all TESTOPTS="--help" displays more detail
@@ -881,7 +875,7 @@ extconf: $(PREP)
 rbconfig.rb: $(RBCONFIG)
 
 $(HAVE_BASERUBY:no=)$(RBCONFIG)$(HAVE_BASERUBY:no=): $(PREP)
-$(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h
+$(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h $(srcdir)/common.mk
 	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) -n \
 	-e 'BEGIN{version=ARGV.shift;mis=ARGV.dup}' \
 	-e 'END{abort "UNICODE version mismatch: #{mis}" unless mis.empty?}' \
@@ -899,7 +893,7 @@ $(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h
 test-rubyspec: test-spec
 yes-test-rubyspec: yes-test-spec
 
-test-spec-precheck: programs
+test-spec-precheck: programs yes-fake
 
 test-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-spec
 yes-test-spec: test-spec-precheck
@@ -909,6 +903,8 @@ yes-test-spec: test-spec-precheck
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 no-test-spec:
 
+check: $(DOT_WAIT) test-spec
+
 RUNNABLE = $(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE:no=un)-runnable
 runnable: $(RUNNABLE) prog $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb PHONY
 	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb -v $(EXTOUT)
@@ -953,8 +949,6 @@ PHONY:
 {$(srcdir)}.y.c:
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/id2token.rb $(SRC_FILE) > parse.tmp.y
-	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/pure_parser.rb parse.tmp.y $(YACC)
-	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y.bak
 	$(Q)$(YACC) -d $(YFLAGS) -o y.tab.c parse.tmp.y
 	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y
 	$(Q)sed -f $(tooldir)/ytab.sed -e "/^#/s|parse\.tmp\.[iy]|$(SRC_FILE)|" -e "/^#/s!y\.tab\.c!$@!" y.tab.c > $@.new
@@ -1084,7 +1078,7 @@ $(srcs_vpath)insns_info.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb $(inc_c
 $(srcs_vpath)vmtc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
 $(srcs_vpath)vm.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
   $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
-$(srcs_vpath)mjit_compile_attr.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/mjit_compile_attr.inc.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)mjit_sp_inc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/mjit_sp_inc.inc.erb
 
 BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
 		$(srcdir)/ast.rb \
@@ -1095,13 +1089,13 @@ BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
 		$(srcdir)/marshal.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/mjit.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/mjit_c.rb \
-		$(srcdir)/mjit_compiler.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/pack.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/trace_point.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/warning.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/array.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/kernel.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/ractor.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/symbol.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/timev.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/thread_sync.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/nilclass.rb \
@@ -1225,22 +1219,19 @@ builtin_binary.inc: $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS) $(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary
 
 $(BUILTIN_RB_INCS): $(top_srcdir)/tool/mk_builtin_loader.rb
 
-$(srcdir)/revision.h: $(REVISION_H)
-
-revision.$(HAVE_BASERUBY:no=tmp)::
-	$(Q) $(NULLCMD) > $@
-revision.$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tmp):: $(srcdir)/version.h $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb $(REVISION_FORCE)
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb -q --revision.h --srcdir="$(srcdir)" > $@
+$(srcdir)/revision.h$(no_baseruby:no=~disabled~): $(REVISION_H)
 
-$(REVISION_H): revision.tmp
-	$(Q)$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" "$(srcdir)/revision.h" revision.tmp
+$(REVISION_H)$(no_baseruby:no=~disabled~):
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb -q --revision.h --srcdir="$(srcdir)" --output=revision.h --timestamp=$@
+$(REVISION_H)$(yes_baseruby:yes=~disabled~):
+	$(Q) exit > $@
 
 $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c: $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/tools/preproc.rb $(srcdir)/parse.y $(srcdir)/defs/id.def $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/depend
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
-	sed -e "s/{\$$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g" -e /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(CAT_DEPEND) depend | \
 	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
-		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) RM="$(RM1)" BISON=$(YACC) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) RM="$(RM1)" BISON="$(YACC)" top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. \
 		RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" PATH_SEPARATOR="$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" LANG=C
 
 $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.rl $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/prereq.mk
@@ -1257,7 +1248,7 @@ $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
 		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/sizes.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/configure.ac
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
-	sed /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(CAT_DEPEND) depend | \
 	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
 		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
 
@@ -1265,19 +1256,19 @@ $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
 		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/limits.c.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
-	sed /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(CAT_DEPEND) depend | \
 	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
 		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
 
 $(srcdir)/ext/socket/constdefs.c: $(srcdir)/ext/socket/depend
 	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
-	sed /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(CAT_DEPEND) depend | \
 	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
 		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
 $(srcdir)/ext/etc/constdefs.h: $(srcdir)/ext/etc/depend
 	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
-	sed /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(CAT_DEPEND) depend | \
 	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
 		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
@@ -1367,6 +1358,10 @@ after-update:: $(REVISION_H)
 after-update:: extract-extlibs
 after-update:: extract-gems
 
+update-src::
+	$(Q) $(RM) $(REVISION_H) revision.h "$(srcdir)/$(REVISION_H)" "$(srcdir)/revision.h"
+	$(Q) exit > "$(srcdir)/revision.h"
+
 update-remote:: update-src update-download
 update-download:: $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
 update-download:: update-gems
@@ -1381,6 +1376,7 @@ update-config_files: PHONY
 
 refresh-gems: update-bundled_gems prepare-gems
 prepare-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems) $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=extract-gems)
+extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems)
 
 update-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
 	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem files...
@@ -1412,6 +1408,9 @@ extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
 	    -e 'end' \
 	    gems/bundled_gems
 
+outdate-bundled-gems: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/$@.rb --make="$(MAKE)" --mflags="$(MFLAGS)" "$(srcdir)"
+
 update-bundled_gems: PHONY
 	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY) -rrubygems \
 	     $(tooldir)/update-bundled_gems.rb \
@@ -1438,7 +1437,7 @@ no-test-bundled-gems-prepare: no-test-bundled-gems-precheck
 yes-test-bundled-gems-prepare: yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
 	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" bin/gem install --no-document \
-		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "bundler" "minitest:~> 5" "test-unit" "rake" "hoe" "yard" "pry" "packnga" "rexml" "json-schema" "test-unit-rr"
+		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "bundler" "minitest:~> 5" "test-unit" "rake" "hoe" "rexml" "json-schema:5.1.0" "test-unit-rr"
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 
 PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS = test-bundled-gems-prepare
@@ -1457,6 +1456,7 @@ test-syntax-suggest-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-syntax-suggest-precheck
 no-test-syntax-suggest-precheck:
 yes-test-syntax-suggest-precheck: main
 
+test-syntax-suggest-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-syntax-suggest-prepare
 no-test-syntax-suggest-prepare: no-test-syntax-suggest-precheck
 yes-test-syntax-suggest-prepare: yes-test-syntax-suggest-precheck
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
@@ -1466,12 +1466,15 @@ yes-test-syntax-suggest-prepare: yes-test-syntax-suggest-precheck
 
 RSPECOPTS =
 SYNTAX_SUGGEST_SPECS =
+PREPARE_SYNTAX_SUGGEST = test-syntax-suggest-prepare
 test-syntax-suggest: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-syntax-suggest
-yes-test-syntax-suggest: yes-test-syntax-suggest-prepare
+yes-test-syntax-suggest: yes-$(PREPARE_SYNTAX_SUGGEST)
 	$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/syntax_suggest .bundle/bin/rspec \
 		--require spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) spec/syntax_suggest/$(SYNTAX_SUGGEST_SPECS)
 no-test-syntax-suggest:
 
+check: $(DOT_WAIT) $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-$(PREPARE_SYNTAX_SUGGEST) test-syntax-suggest
+
 test-bundler-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-precheck
 no-test-bundler-precheck:
 yes-test-bundler-precheck: main $(arch)-fake.rb
@@ -1584,31 +1587,31 @@ UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD = \
 	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) \
 	    -p emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION)
 
-$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES): update-unicode-files
-update-unicode-files:
+update-unicode-files: $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES):
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data and property files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
 
-$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES): update-unicode-auxiliary-files
-update-unicode-auxiliary-files:
+update-unicode-auxiliary-files: $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
+$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES):
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) auxiliary files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
 
-$(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES): update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files
-update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files:
+update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files: $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES)
+$(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES):
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode UCD emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/emoji"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES)
 
-$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES): update-unicode-emoji-files
-update-unicode-emoji-files:
+update-unicode-emoji-files: $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES):
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
 
-$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=tables.rb): \
+$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: \
 	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=.unicode-tables.time)
 
 $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=.unicode-tables.time): \
@@ -1617,13 +1620,25 @@ $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=.unicode-tables.time): \
 
 touch-unicode-files:
 	$(MAKEDIRS) $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
-	touch $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+	$(Q) $(TOUCH) $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+UNICODE_TABLES_DATA_FILES = \
+	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CompositionExclusions.txt \
+	$(empty)
 
+UNICODE_TABLES_DEPENDENTS_1 = none$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE)
+UNICODE_TABLES_DEPENDENTS = $(UNICODE_TABLES_DEPENDENTS_1:noneyes=force)
 UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP = yes
-$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.$(UNICODE_TABLES_DEPENDENTS:none=time):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) exit > $(@) || $(NULLCMD)
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.$(UNICODE_TABLES_DEPENDENTS:force=time): \
+		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl \
-		$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(@D)
+		$(UNICODE_TABLES_DATA_FILES) \
+	$(order_only) \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
 		-c $(UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP:yes=-t$@) \
 		-o $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb \
@@ -1817,6 +1832,7 @@ addr2line.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 addr2line.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -1832,6 +1848,7 @@ array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/proc.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/rational.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}array.c
@@ -1848,6 +1865,7 @@ array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
@@ -2010,6 +2028,7 @@ array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}transient_heap.h
@@ -2021,6 +2040,7 @@ ast.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
@@ -2028,6 +2048,7 @@ ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/parse.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -2045,9 +2066,11 @@ ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -2207,6 +2230,7 @@ ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 ast.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -2390,6 +2414,7 @@ bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -2400,11 +2425,13 @@ builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -2422,8 +2449,10 @@ builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.c
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin_binary.inc
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -2572,6 +2601,7 @@ builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -2584,6 +2614,7 @@ class.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+class.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
@@ -2774,6 +2805,7 @@ class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -2781,6 +2813,7 @@ class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 compar.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+compar.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 compar.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 compar.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 compar.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -2965,6 +2998,7 @@ compile.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+compile.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -3177,6 +3211,7 @@ compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}re.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -3186,8 +3221,13 @@ compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_callinfo.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -3195,15 +3235,18 @@ complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/complex.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/math.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/rational.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
@@ -3215,6 +3258,7 @@ complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}complex.c
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
@@ -3360,10 +3404,18 @@ complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
@@ -3371,14 +3423,18 @@ cont.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cont.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/proc.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}$(COROUTINE_H)
@@ -3394,9 +3450,11 @@ cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}cont.c
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}fiber/scheduler.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.h
@@ -3474,6 +3532,15 @@ cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rtypeddata.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/ctype.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dllexport.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dosish.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/coderange.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/ctype.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/encoding.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/pathname.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/re.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/sprintf.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/string.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/symbol.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/encoding/transcode.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/error.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/eval.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/event.h
@@ -3544,14 +3611,18 @@ cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -3559,12 +3630,15 @@ cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
+cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -3572,6 +3646,7 @@ debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/signal.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -3586,6 +3661,7 @@ debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.c
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
@@ -3756,6 +3832,7 @@ debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
@@ -3940,6 +4017,7 @@ dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -3954,6 +4032,7 @@ dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dir.c
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dir.rbinc
@@ -4116,6 +4195,7 @@ dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -5441,6 +5521,7 @@ encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -5454,6 +5535,7 @@ encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encindex.h
@@ -5616,6 +5698,7 @@ encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regenc.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
@@ -5623,6 +5706,7 @@ encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -5640,6 +5724,7 @@ enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/rational.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/re.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -5653,6 +5738,7 @@ enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enum.c
@@ -5813,14 +5899,21 @@ enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/enumerator.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -5838,6 +5931,7 @@ enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
@@ -5852,6 +5946,7 @@ enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enumerator.c
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -6003,18 +6098,27 @@ enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+error.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -6212,6 +6316,7 @@ error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -6226,8 +6331,10 @@ eval.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cont.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -6433,6 +6540,7 @@ eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -6473,6 +6581,7 @@ file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -6486,6 +6595,7 @@ file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dln.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encindex.h
@@ -6648,6 +6758,7 @@ file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -6659,6 +6770,7 @@ gc.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+gc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -6707,7 +6819,6 @@ gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.c
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.h
-gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.rb
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.rbinc
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
@@ -6864,6 +6975,7 @@ gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
+gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
@@ -6880,6 +6992,7 @@ gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regint.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
@@ -6900,11 +7013,13 @@ goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -6920,11 +7035,12 @@ goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}golf_prelude.c
-goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}golf_prelude.rb
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}goruby.c
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -6964,6 +7080,7 @@ goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -7074,6 +7191,7 @@ goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -7081,8 +7199,13 @@ goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -7091,6 +7214,7 @@ hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cont.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/proc.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
@@ -7099,9 +7223,11 @@ hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/time.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
@@ -7112,6 +7238,7 @@ hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
@@ -7269,20 +7396,28 @@ hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}transient_heap.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
+hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 inits.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 inits.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
@@ -7454,6 +7589,7 @@ io.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+io.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -7660,6 +7796,7 @@ io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -7669,11 +7806,18 @@ io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 io_buffer.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
@@ -7854,6 +7998,7 @@ iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
@@ -8060,6 +8205,7 @@ iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -8075,6 +8221,7 @@ load.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+load.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/dir.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -8272,6 +8419,7 @@ load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -8281,7 +8429,6 @@ load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 loadpath.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 loadpath.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/version.h
-loadpath.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/revision.h
 loadpath.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/version.h
 loadpath.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
 loadpath.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
@@ -8771,8 +8918,13 @@ main.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 main.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 main.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 main.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -8782,6 +8934,7 @@ marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
@@ -8790,9 +8943,11 @@ marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/util.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
@@ -8804,9 +8959,11 @@ marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encindex.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
@@ -8847,6 +9004,7 @@ marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -8962,12 +9120,21 @@ marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}marshal.c
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}marshal.rbinc
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -8978,6 +9145,7 @@ math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/math.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -8991,6 +9159,7 @@ math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
@@ -9137,15 +9306,20 @@ math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}math.c
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
+memory_view.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
+memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/inttypes.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -9301,6 +9475,7 @@ memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}memory_view.c
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}memory_view.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 memory_view.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
@@ -9313,11 +9488,13 @@ miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(srcdir)/mjit_c.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}array.rb
@@ -9335,12 +9512,14 @@ miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dir.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gem_prelude.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -9380,6 +9559,7 @@ miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -9503,7 +9683,6 @@ miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit_c.rb
-miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit_compiler.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}nilclass.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}numeric.rb
@@ -9514,8 +9693,10 @@ miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}prelude.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.rb
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 miniinit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_sync.rb
@@ -9533,6 +9714,7 @@ mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/version.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cmdlineopt.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
@@ -9545,6 +9727,7 @@ mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/process.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -9728,10 +9911,9 @@ mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.c
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
-mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.rb
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.rbinc
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit_c.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit_config.h
-mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit_unit.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
@@ -9739,6 +9921,7 @@ mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -9751,220 +9934,220 @@ mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 mjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.h
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-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(srcdir)/mjit_c.rb
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-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
-mjit_compiler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
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+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
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+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_callinfo.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_exec.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_insnhelper.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+mjit_c.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+node.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
@@ -10138,6 +10321,7 @@ node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.c
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -10335,16 +10519,21 @@ numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}numeric.c
-numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}numeric.rb
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}numeric.rbinc
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -10353,6 +10542,7 @@ object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/inits.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
@@ -10365,6 +10555,7 @@ object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
@@ -10532,22 +10723,32 @@ object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
-object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}kernel.rb
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}kernel.rbinc
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}nilclass.rbinc
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}object.c
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}variable.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
@@ -10725,6 +10926,7 @@ pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}pack.c
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}pack.rbinc
+pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
@@ -10736,6 +10938,7 @@ parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/complex.h
+parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/encoding.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -10937,6 +11140,7 @@ parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regenc.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
@@ -10947,11 +11151,13 @@ proc.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/proc.h
@@ -10959,6 +11165,7 @@ proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -10973,6 +11180,7 @@ proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
@@ -11139,6 +11347,7 @@ proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}proc.c
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -11153,6 +11362,7 @@ process.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+process.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -11358,6 +11568,7 @@ process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}process.c
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -11370,8 +11581,10 @@ ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
@@ -11388,6 +11601,7 @@ ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -11403,6 +11617,7 @@ ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
@@ -11562,16 +11777,17 @@ ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.c
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
-ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.rb
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.rbinc
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 ractor.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -11590,6 +11806,7 @@ random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
+random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/random.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
@@ -11761,12 +11978,14 @@ random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}random.c
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}random.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}siphash.c
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}siphash.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+range.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
@@ -11953,6 +12172,7 @@ range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}range.c
+range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
@@ -11969,6 +12189,7 @@ rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/rational.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -11982,6 +12203,7 @@ rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
@@ -12130,6 +12352,7 @@ rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}rational.c
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
@@ -12138,6 +12361,7 @@ re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/encoding.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
@@ -12327,6 +12551,7 @@ re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}re.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regenc.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regint.h
+re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
@@ -13322,9 +13547,11 @@ ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/version.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cmdlineopt.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cont.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/file.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -13515,6 +13742,7 @@ ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
+ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
@@ -13524,6 +13752,7 @@ ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby.c
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.h
@@ -13539,12 +13768,14 @@ scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -13559,10 +13790,12 @@ scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}fiber/scheduler.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -13724,6 +13957,7 @@ scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}scheduler.c
+scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 scheduler.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -13889,12 +14123,219 @@ setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}setproctitle.c
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/inttypes.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/anyargs.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/char.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/double.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/int.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/short.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/assume.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/alloc_size.h
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 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -13905,6 +14346,7 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/signal.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -13919,6 +14361,7 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
@@ -13964,6 +14407,7 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -14085,6 +14529,7 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}signal.c
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
@@ -14109,6 +14554,7 @@ sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -14122,6 +14568,7 @@ sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
@@ -14283,6 +14730,7 @@ sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}re.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}sprintf.c
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
@@ -14450,11 +14898,13 @@ st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.c
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/encoding.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
@@ -14633,6 +15083,7 @@ strftime.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}timev.h
 strftime.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -14651,6 +15102,7 @@ string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/transcode.h
+string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -14665,6 +15117,7 @@ string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encindex.h
@@ -14711,6 +15164,7 @@ string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -14832,6 +15286,7 @@ string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}re.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regex.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}string.c
 string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
@@ -14875,6 +15330,7 @@ struct.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -14888,6 +15344,7 @@ struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -14903,6 +15360,7 @@ struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
@@ -15065,6 +15523,7 @@ struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}struct.c
 struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
@@ -15084,6 +15543,7 @@ symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -15096,7 +15556,9 @@ symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
@@ -15144,6 +15606,7 @@ symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonstring.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -15262,10 +15725,13 @@ symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.c
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.rb
+symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.rbinc
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 symbol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
@@ -15275,6 +15741,7 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
@@ -15292,6 +15759,7 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/time.h
+thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -15307,6 +15775,7 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
@@ -15480,6 +15949,7 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.c
@@ -15488,7 +15958,6 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).c
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_sync.c
-thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_sync.rb
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_sync.rbinc
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}timev.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
@@ -15497,12 +15966,14 @@ thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/rational.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
@@ -15684,6 +16155,7 @@ time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}time.c
@@ -15700,6 +16172,7 @@ transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/transcode.h
+transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
@@ -15712,6 +16185,7 @@ transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
@@ -15870,6 +16344,7 @@ transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}transcode.c
@@ -16045,6 +16520,7 @@ transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 transient_heap.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}transient_heap.c
@@ -16224,6 +16700,7 @@ variable.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+variable.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
@@ -16419,6 +16896,7 @@ variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -16439,14 +16917,16 @@ version.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/version.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cmdlineopt.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
-version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/revision.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/version.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
@@ -16460,9 +16940,11 @@ version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -16609,8 +17091,10 @@ version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}revision.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -16626,6 +17110,7 @@ vm.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
@@ -16846,6 +17331,7 @@ vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -16875,6 +17361,7 @@ vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -16882,6 +17369,7 @@ vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -16896,11 +17384,13 @@ vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -17060,6 +17550,7 @@ vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -17073,6 +17564,7 @@ vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
@@ -17250,6 +17742,7 @@ vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -17264,11 +17757,13 @@ vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -17283,6 +17778,7 @@ vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.h
@@ -17437,6 +17933,7 @@ vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -17453,6 +17950,7 @@ vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
@@ -17460,6 +17958,7 @@ vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
@@ -17475,12 +17974,14 @@ vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h
@@ -17642,6 +18143,7 @@ vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -17657,9 +18159,11 @@ yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/cont.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
@@ -17857,6 +18361,7 @@ yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}probes_helper.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
@@ -17869,6 +18374,5 @@ yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.c
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.h
-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.rb
 yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.rbinc
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/compar.c b/compar.c
index 00e79b5767..040f77975e 100644
--- a/compar.c
+++ b/compar.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ VALUE
 rb_invcmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE invcmp = rb_exec_recursive(invcmp_recursive, x, y);
-    if (invcmp == Qundef || NIL_P(invcmp)) {
+    if (NIL_OR_UNDEF_P(invcmp)) {
         return Qnil;
     }
     else {
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 1296f8fb46..0452305923 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ rb_iseq_compile_node(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
                 end->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
 
                 ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
-                NODE dummy_line_node = generate_dummy_line_node(FIX2INT(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->location.first_lineno), -1);
+                NODE dummy_line_node = generate_dummy_line_node(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->location.first_lineno, -1);
                 ADD_INSN (ret, &dummy_line_node, nop);
                 ADD_LABEL(ret, start);
                 CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "block body", node->nd_body));
@@ -1243,6 +1243,32 @@ new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line)
     return adjust;
 }
 
+static void
+iseq_insn_each_markable_object(INSN *insn, void (*func)(VALUE *, VALUE), VALUE data)
+{
+    const char *types = insn_op_types(insn->insn_id);
+    for (int j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+        char type = types[j];
+        switch (type) {
+          case TS_CDHASH:
+          case TS_ISEQ:
+          case TS_VALUE:
+          case TS_IC: // constant path array
+          case TS_CALLDATA: // ci is stored.
+            func(&OPERAND_AT(insn, j), data);
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_insn_each_object_write_barrier(VALUE *obj_ptr, VALUE iseq)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, *obj_ptr);
+}
+
 static INSN *
 new_insn_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *line_node,
               int insn_id, int argc, VALUE *argv)
@@ -1260,6 +1286,9 @@ new_insn_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *line_node,
     iobj->operands = argv;
     iobj->operand_size = argc;
     iobj->sc_state = 0;
+
+    iseq_insn_each_markable_object(iobj, iseq_insn_each_object_write_barrier, (VALUE)iseq);
+
     return iobj;
 }
 
@@ -1333,7 +1362,7 @@ new_child_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
     int isolated_depth = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->isolated_depth;
     ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(&ast, name,
                                     rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
-                                    INT2FIX(line_no), parent,
+                                    line_no, parent,
                                     isolated_depth ? isolated_depth + 1 : 0,
                                     type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
     debugs("[new_child_iseq]< ---------------------------------------\n");
@@ -1349,7 +1378,7 @@ new_child_iseq_with_callback(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_iseq_new_with_call
     debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]> ---------------------------------------\n");
     ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_callback(ifunc, name,
                                  rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
-                                 INT2FIX(line_no), parent, type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
+                                 line_no, parent, type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
     debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]< ---------------------------------------\n");
     return ret_iseq;
 }
@@ -2058,20 +2087,7 @@ cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ptr)
 static inline VALUE
 get_ivar_ic_value(rb_iseq_t *iseq,ID id)
 {
-    VALUE val;
-    struct rb_id_table *tbl = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table;
-    if (tbl) {
-        if (rb_id_table_lookup(tbl,id,&val)) {
-            return val;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        tbl = rb_id_table_create(1);
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table = tbl;
-    }
-    val = INT2FIX(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->ivc_size++);
-    rb_id_table_insert(tbl,id,val);
-    return val;
+    return INT2FIX(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->ivc_size++);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
@@ -2472,9 +2488,23 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
                             generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ic;
                         }
                         break;
+                      case TS_IVC: /* inline ivar cache */
+                        {
+                            unsigned int ic_index = FIX2UINT(operands[j]);
+
+                            IVC cache = ((IVC)&body->is_entries[ic_index]);
+
+                            if (insn == BIN(setinstancevariable)) {
+                                cache->iv_set_name = SYM2ID(operands[j - 1]);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                cache->iv_set_name = 0;
+                            }
+
+                            vm_ic_attr_index_initialize(cache, INVALID_SHAPE_ID);
+                        }
                       case TS_ISE: /* inline storage entry: `once` insn */
                       case TS_ICVARC: /* inline cvar cache */
-                      case TS_IVC: /* inline ivar cache */
                         {
                             unsigned int ic_index = FIX2UINT(operands[j]);
                             IC ic = &ISEQ_IS_ENTRY_START(body, type)[ic_index].ic_cache;
@@ -2630,9 +2660,11 @@ iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     struct iseq_catch_table_entry *entry;
 
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table = NULL;
-    if (NIL_P(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary)) return COMPILE_OK;
-    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
-    tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
+
+    VALUE catch_table_ary = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (NIL_P(catch_table_ary)) return COMPILE_OK;
+    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(catch_table_ary);
+    tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(catch_table_ary);
 
     if (tlen > 0) {
         struct iseq_catch_table *table = xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(tlen));
@@ -2668,6 +2700,8 @@ iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
         RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, 0); /* free */
     }
 
+    RB_GC_GUARD(catch_table_ary);
+
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -2806,7 +2840,6 @@ remove_unreachable_chunk(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *i)
                 break;
             }
             else if ((lab = find_destination((INSN *)i)) != 0) {
-                if (lab->unremovable) break;
                 unref_counts[lab->label_no]++;
             }
         }
@@ -2823,8 +2856,7 @@ remove_unreachable_chunk(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *i)
             /* do nothing */
         }
         else if (IS_ADJUST(i)) {
-            LABEL *dest = ((ADJUST *)i)->label;
-            if (dest && dest->unremovable) return 0;
+            return 0;
         }
         end = i;
     } while ((i = i->next) != 0);
@@ -4588,7 +4620,12 @@ compile_array_1(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node)
     }
     else {
         CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node, FALSE));
-        ADD_INSN1(ret, node, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+        if (keyword_node_p(node)) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, node, newarraykwsplat, INT2FIX(1));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, node, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+        }
     }
 
     return 1;
@@ -4829,7 +4866,7 @@ when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
         const NODE *val = vals->nd_head;
         VALUE lit = rb_node_case_when_optimizable_literal(val);
 
-        if (lit == Qundef) {
+        if (UNDEF_P(lit)) {
             only_special_literals = 0;
         }
         else if (NIL_P(rb_hash_lookup(literals, lit))) {
@@ -5039,12 +5076,17 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const pre, LINK_ANCHOR *const
 
         CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(pre, "masgn lhs (NODE_ATTRASGN)", node));
 
+        bool safenav_call = false;
         LINK_ELEMENT *insn_element = LAST_ELEMENT(pre);
         iobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn((INSN *)insn_element); /* send insn */
         ASSUME(iobj);
-        ELEM_REMOVE(LAST_ELEMENT(pre));
-        ELEM_REMOVE((LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj);
-        pre->last = iobj->link.prev;
+        ELEM_REMOVE(insn_element);
+        if (!IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send)) {
+            safenav_call = true;
+            iobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(iobj);
+            ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&iobj->link, insn_element);
+        }
+        (pre->last = iobj->link.prev)->next = 0;
 
         const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
         int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci) + 1;
@@ -5063,7 +5105,9 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const pre, LINK_ANCHOR *const
             return COMPILE_NG;
         }
 
-        ADD_ELEM(lhs, (LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj);
+        iobj->link.prev = lhs->last;
+        lhs->last->next = &iobj->link;
+        for (lhs->last = &iobj->link; lhs->last->next; lhs->last = lhs->last->next);
         if (vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
             int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci);
             ci = ci_argc_set(iseq, ci, argc - 1);
@@ -5072,9 +5116,11 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const pre, LINK_ANCHOR *const
             INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line_node, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
             INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(iobj, line_node, concatarray);
         }
-        ADD_INSN(lhs, line_node, pop);
-        if (argc != 1) {
+        if (!safenav_call) {
             ADD_INSN(lhs, line_node, pop);
+            if (argc != 1) {
+                ADD_INSN(lhs, line_node, pop);
+            }
         }
         for (int i=0; i < argc; i++) {
             ADD_INSN(post, line_node, pop);
@@ -7403,7 +7449,7 @@ compile_loop(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, in
     ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
     ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, adjust_label);
 
-    if (node->nd_state == Qundef) {
+    if (UNDEF_P(node->nd_state)) {
         /* ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, putundef); */
         COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unsupported: putundef");
         return COMPILE_NG;
@@ -7458,7 +7504,30 @@ compile_iter(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, in
                            ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
         CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "iter caller", node->nd_iter));
     }
-    ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_end_l);
+
+    {
+        // We need to put the label "retry_end_l" immediately after the last "send" instruction.
+        // This because vm_throw checks if the break cont is equal to the index of next insn of the "send".
+        // (Otherwise, it is considered "break from proc-closure". See "TAG_BREAK" handling in "vm_throw_start".)
+        //
+        // Normally, "send" instruction is at the last.
+        // However, qcall under branch coverage measurement adds some instructions after the "send".
+        //
+        // Note that "invokesuper" appears instead of "send".
+        INSN *iobj;
+        LINK_ELEMENT *last_elem = LAST_ELEMENT(ret);
+        iobj = IS_INSN(last_elem) ? (INSN*) last_elem : (INSN*) get_prev_insn((INSN*) last_elem);
+        while (INSN_OF(iobj) != BIN(send) && INSN_OF(iobj) != BIN(invokesuper)) {
+            iobj = (INSN*) get_prev_insn(iobj);
+        }
+        ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&iobj->link, (LINK_ELEMENT*) retry_end_l);
+
+        // LINK_ANCHOR has a pointer to the last element, but ELEM_INSERT_NEXT does not update it
+        // even if we add an insn to the last of LINK_ANCHOR. So this updates it manually.
+        if (&iobj->link == LAST_ELEMENT(ret)) {
+            ret->last = (LINK_ELEMENT*) retry_end_l;
+        }
+    }
 
     if (popped) {
         ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, pop);
@@ -7588,7 +7657,6 @@ compile_next(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, in
         add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
         ADD_INSNL(ret, line_node, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label);
         ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-        splabel->unremovable = FALSE;
 
         if (!popped) {
             ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, putnil);
@@ -8231,7 +8299,7 @@ compile_builtin_mandatory_only_method(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node, const N
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->mandatory_only_iseq =
       rb_iseq_new_with_opt(&ast, rb_iseq_base_label(iseq),
                            rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
-                           INT2FIX(nd_line(line_node)), NULL, 0,
+                           nd_line(line_node), NULL, 0,
                            ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
 
     GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index = prev_inline_index;
@@ -8728,10 +8796,6 @@ compile_op_asgn2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node
         }
 
         ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
-        ADD_INSN(ret, node, pop);
-        if (lskip) {
-            ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
-        }
     }
     else {
         CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value));
@@ -8741,13 +8805,13 @@ compile_op_asgn2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, topn, INT2FIX(1));
         }
         ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, node, aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
-        if (lskip && popped) {
-            ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
-        }
-        ADD_INSN(ret, node, pop);
-        if (lskip && !popped) {
-            ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
-        }
+    }
+    if (lskip && popped) {
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+    }
+    ADD_INSN(ret, node, pop);
+    if (lskip && !popped) {
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -9257,7 +9321,8 @@ compile_attrasgn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node
     /* optimization shortcut
      *   obj["literal"] = value -> opt_aset_with(obj, "literal", value)
      */
-    if (mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
+    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn &&
+        mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
         nd_type_p(node->nd_args, NODE_LIST) && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 2 &&
         nd_type_p(node->nd_args->nd_head, NODE_STR) &&
         ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
@@ -9455,7 +9520,10 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
 
       case NODE_MASGN:{
+        bool prev_in_masgn = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn;
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn = true;
         compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, popped);
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn = prev_in_masgn;
         break;
       }
 
@@ -9697,7 +9765,12 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       case NODE_LIT:{
         debugp_param("lit", node->nd_lit);
         if (!popped) {
-            ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+            if (UNLIKELY(node->nd_lit == rb_mRubyVMFrozenCore)) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE)); // [Bug #20569]
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+            }
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, node->nd_lit);
         }
         break;
@@ -10715,6 +10788,12 @@ iseq_build_kw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE params, VALUE keywords)
     return keyword;
 }
 
+static void
+iseq_insn_each_object_mark(VALUE *obj_ptr, VALUE _)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(*obj_ptr);
+}
+
 void
 rb_iseq_mark_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
 {
@@ -10741,29 +10820,7 @@ rb_iseq_mark_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
             iobj = (INSN *)&storage->buff[pos];
 
             if (iobj->operands) {
-                int j;
-                const char *types = insn_op_types(iobj->insn_id);
-
-                for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
-                    char type = types[j];
-                    switch (type) {
-                      case TS_CDHASH:
-                      case TS_ISEQ:
-                      case TS_VALUE:
-                      case TS_IC: // constant path array
-                      case TS_CALLDATA: // ci is stored.
-                        {
-                            VALUE op = OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
-
-                            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(op)) {
-                                rb_gc_mark(op);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        break;
-                      default:
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
+                iseq_insn_each_markable_object(iobj, iseq_insn_each_object_mark, (VALUE)0);
             }
             pos += (int)size;
         }
@@ -11518,6 +11575,21 @@ ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecod
 
                     ISE ic = ISEQ_IS_ENTRY_START(load_body, operand_type) + op;
                     code[code_index] = (VALUE)ic;
+
+                    if (operand_type == TS_IVC) {
+                        IVC cache = (IVC)ic;
+
+                        if (insn == BIN(setinstancevariable)) {
+                            ID iv_name = (ID)code[code_index - 1];
+                            cache->iv_set_name = iv_name;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            cache->iv_set_name = 0;
+                        }
+
+                        vm_ic_attr_index_initialize(cache, INVALID_SHAPE_ID);
+                    }
+
                 }
                 break;
               case TS_CALLDATA:
@@ -12135,7 +12207,7 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     const VALUE location_pathobj_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const VALUE location_base_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const VALUE location_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
-    const VALUE location_first_lineno = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_first_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const int location_node_id = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const int location_code_location_beg_pos_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const int location_code_location_beg_pos_column = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
@@ -12165,6 +12237,40 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     const char catch_except_p = (char)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const bool builtin_inline_p = (bool)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
 
+    // setup fname and dummy frame
+    VALUE path = ibf_load_object(load, location_pathobj_index);
+    {
+        VALUE realpath = Qnil;
+
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_STRING)) {
+            realpath = path = rb_fstring(path);
+        }
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_ARRAY)) {
+            VALUE pathobj = path;
+            if (RARRAY_LEN(pathobj) != 2) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "path object size mismatch");
+            }
+            path = rb_fstring(RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 0));
+            realpath = RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 1);
+            if (!NIL_P(realpath)) {
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(realpath, T_STRING)) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected realpath %"PRIxVALUE
+                             "(%x), path=%+"PRIsVALUE,
+                             realpath, TYPE(realpath), path);
+                }
+                realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unexpected path object");
+        }
+        rb_iseq_pathobj_set(iseq, path, realpath);
+    }
+
+    // push dummy frame
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    VALUE dummy_frame = rb_vm_push_frame_fname(ec, path);
+
 #undef IBF_BODY_OFFSET
 
     load_body->type = type;
@@ -12233,33 +12339,6 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
 #endif
 
-    {
-        VALUE realpath = Qnil, path = ibf_load_object(load, location_pathobj_index);
-        if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_STRING)) {
-            realpath = path = rb_fstring(path);
-        }
-        else if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_ARRAY)) {
-            VALUE pathobj = path;
-            if (RARRAY_LEN(pathobj) != 2) {
-                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "path object size mismatch");
-            }
-            path = rb_fstring(RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 0));
-            realpath = RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 1);
-            if (!NIL_P(realpath)) {
-                if (!RB_TYPE_P(realpath, T_STRING)) {
-                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected realpath %"PRIxVALUE
-                             "(%x), path=%+"PRIsVALUE,
-                             realpath, TYPE(realpath), path);
-                }
-                realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unexpected path object");
-        }
-        rb_iseq_pathobj_set(iseq, path, realpath);
-    }
-
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.base_label,    ibf_load_location_str(load, location_base_label_index));
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.label,         ibf_load_location_str(load, location_label_index));
 
@@ -12267,6 +12346,9 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     load->current_buffer = saved_buffer;
 #endif
     verify_call_cache(iseq);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(dummy_frame);
+    rb_vm_pop_frame_no_int(ec);
 }
 
 struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg
@@ -13017,7 +13099,7 @@ ibf_dump_memsize(const void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ibf_dump_type = {
     "ibf_dump",
     {ibf_dump_mark, ibf_dump_free, ibf_dump_memsize,},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static void
diff --git a/complex.c b/complex.c
index 07e5914d54..a227cb0a58 100644
--- a/complex.c
+++ b/complex.c
@@ -421,15 +421,22 @@ f_complex_new_bang2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, y);
 }
 
-inline static void
+WARN_UNUSED_RESULT(inline static VALUE nucomp_real_check(VALUE num));
+inline static VALUE
 nucomp_real_check(VALUE num)
 {
     if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(num) &&
         !RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(num) &&
         !RB_TYPE_P(num, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(num, T_COMPLEX) && nucomp_real_p(num)) {
+            VALUE real = RCOMPLEX(num)->real;
+            assert(!RB_TYPE_P(real, T_COMPLEX));
+            return real;
+        }
         if (!k_numeric_p(num) || !f_real_p(num))
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not a real");
     }
+    return num;
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
@@ -480,16 +487,16 @@ nucomp_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
     switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &real, &imag)) {
       case 1:
-        nucomp_real_check(real);
+        real = nucomp_real_check(real);
         imag = ZERO;
         break;
       default:
-        nucomp_real_check(real);
-        nucomp_real_check(imag);
+        real = nucomp_real_check(real);
+        imag = nucomp_real_check(imag);
         break;
     }
 
-    return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass, real, imag);
+    return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, real, imag);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
@@ -554,7 +561,7 @@ nucomp_f_complex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     if (!NIL_P(opts)) {
         raise = rb_opts_exception_p(opts, raise);
     }
-    if (argc > 0 && CLASS_OF(a1) == rb_cComplex && a2 == Qundef) {
+    if (argc > 0 && CLASS_OF(a1) == rb_cComplex && UNDEF_P(a2)) {
         return a1;
     }
     return nucomp_convert(rb_cComplex, a1, a2, raise);
@@ -611,16 +618,8 @@ m_sin(VALUE x)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_complex_polar_real(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
-        get_dat1(x);
-        x = dat->real;
-    }
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_COMPLEX)) {
-        get_dat1(y);
-        y = dat->real;
-    }
     if (f_zero_p(x) || f_zero_p(y)) {
         return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, RFLOAT_0);
     }
@@ -656,6 +655,14 @@ f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
                                           f_mul(x, m_sin(y)));
 }
 
+static VALUE
+f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    x = nucomp_real_check(x);
+    y = nucomp_real_check(y);
+    return f_complex_polar_real(klass, x, y);
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE___COSPI
 # define cospi(x) __cospi(x)
 #else
@@ -704,16 +711,15 @@ nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE abs, arg;
 
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &abs, &arg)) {
-      case 1:
-        nucomp_real_check(abs);
-        return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, abs, ZERO);
-      default:
-        nucomp_real_check(abs);
-        nucomp_real_check(arg);
-        break;
+    argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &abs, &arg);
+    abs = nucomp_real_check(abs);
+    if (argc == 2) {
+        arg = nucomp_real_check(arg);
+    }
+    else {
+        arg = ZERO;
     }
-    return f_complex_polar(klass, abs, arg);
+    return f_complex_polar_real(klass, abs, arg);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1745,9 +1751,9 @@ read_digits(const char **s, int strict,
 
     while (isdecimal(**s) || **s == '_') {
         if (**s == '_') {
-            if (strict) {
-                if (us)
-                    return 0;
+            if (us) {
+                if (strict) return 0;
+                break;
             }
             us = 1;
         }
@@ -2026,6 +2032,12 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self, int raise)
  *    '1/2+3/4i'.to_c    #=> ((1/2)+(3/4)*i)
  *    'ruby'.to_c        #=> (0+0i)
  *
+ * Polar form:
+ *    include Math
+ *    "1.0@0".to_c        #=> (1+0.0i)
+ *    "1.0@#{PI/2}".to_c  #=> (0.0+1i)
+ *    "1.0@#{PI}".to_c    #=> (-1+0.0i)
+ *
  * See Kernel.Complex.
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -2095,17 +2107,20 @@ nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise)
     }
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_COMPLEX)) {
-        if (a2 == Qundef || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
+        if (UNDEF_P(a2) || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
             return a1;
     }
 
-    if (a2 == Qundef) {
+    if (UNDEF_P(a2)) {
         if (k_numeric_p(a1) && !f_real_p(a1))
             return a1;
         /* should raise exception for consistency */
         if (!k_numeric_p(a1)) {
-            if (!raise)
-                return rb_protect(to_complex, a1, NULL);
+            if (!raise) {
+                a1 = rb_protect(to_complex, a1, NULL);
+                rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+                return a1;
+            }
             return to_complex(a1);
         }
     }
@@ -2121,7 +2136,7 @@ nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise)
         int argc;
         VALUE argv2[2];
         argv2[0] = a1;
-        if (a2 == Qundef) {
+        if (UNDEF_P(a2)) {
             argv2[1] = Qnil;
             argc = 1;
         }
@@ -2149,31 +2164,6 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    num.real  ->  self
- *
- * Returns self.
- */
-static VALUE
-numeric_real(VALUE self)
-{
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    num.imag       ->  0
- *    num.imaginary  ->  0
- *
- * Returns zero.
- */
-static VALUE
-numeric_imag(VALUE self)
-{
-    return INT2FIX(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
  *    num.abs2  ->  real
  *
  * Returns square of self.
@@ -2245,19 +2235,6 @@ numeric_polar(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    num.conj       ->  self
- *    num.conjugate  ->  self
- *
- * Returns self.
- */
-static VALUE
-numeric_conj(VALUE self)
-{
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
  *    flo.arg    ->  0 or float
  *    flo.angle  ->  0 or float
  *    flo.phase  ->  0 or float
@@ -2421,9 +2398,6 @@ Init_Complex(void)
 
     rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "convert", nucomp_s_convert, -1);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "real", numeric_real, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "imaginary", numeric_imag, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "imag", numeric_imag, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "abs2", numeric_abs2, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "arg", numeric_arg, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "angle", numeric_arg, 0);
@@ -2431,8 +2405,6 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "rectangular", numeric_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "rect", numeric_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "polar", numeric_polar, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "conjugate", numeric_conj, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "conj", numeric_conj, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cFloat, "arg", float_arg, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFloat, "angle", float_arg, 0);
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index a3566358bc..220392d120 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
 	[
 		AC_PATH_PROG([BASERUBY], [ruby], [false])
 	])
+# BASERUBY must be >= 2.2.0. Note that `"2.2.0" > "2.2"` is true.
 AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" != no -a "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems -e 'print 42 if RUBY_VERSION > "2.2"' 2>/dev/null`" = 42], [
     AS_CASE(["$build_os"], [mingw*], [
         # Can MSys shell run a command with a drive letter?
@@ -132,9 +133,12 @@ AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
 AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
     [aarch64-darwin*], [
         target_cpu=arm64
-        AS_CASE(["$target_vendor"], [unknown], [target_vendor=apple target=${target/-unknown-/-apple-}])
-        target="${target/aarch64/arm64}"
-        target_alias="${target_alias/aarch64/arm64}"
+        AS_CASE(["$target_vendor"], [unknown], [
+            target_vendor=apple
+            target=${target%%-unknown-*}-apple-${target@%:@*-unknown-}
+        ])
+        target="arm64-${target@%:@aarch64-}"
+        AS_IF([test -n "$target_alias"], [target_alias="arm64-${target_alias@%:@aarch64-}"])
     ])
 
 AC_ARG_PROGRAM
@@ -210,15 +214,23 @@ AS_CASE(["/${rb_CC} "],
 [*clang*],            [
     # Ditto for LLVM.  Note however that llvm-as is a LLVM-IR to LLVM bitcode
     # assembler that does not target your machine native binary.
-    : ${LD:="${CC}"}         # ... try -fuse-ld=lld ?
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([AR],      [s/clang/llvm-ar/])
-#   RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([AS],      [s/clang/llvm-as/])
+
+    # Xcode has its own version tools that may be incompatible with
+    # genuine LLVM tools, use the tools in the same directory.
+
+    AS_IF([$rb_CC -E -dM -xc - < /dev/null | grep -F __apple_build_version__ > /dev/null],
+          [llvm_prefix=], [llvm_prefix=llvm-])
+    # AC_PREPROC_IFELSE cannot be used before AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([LD],      [s/clang/ld/]) # ... maybe try lld ?
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([AR],      [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}ar/])
+#   RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([AS],      [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}as/])
     RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([CXX],     [s/clang/clang++/])
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([NM],      [s/clang/llvm-nm/])
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([OBJCOPY], [s/clang/llvm-objcopy/])
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([OBJDUMP], [s/clang/llvm-objdump/])
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([RANLIB],  [s/clang/llvm-ranlib/])
-    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([STRIP],   [s/clang/llvm-strip/])
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([NM],      [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}nm/])
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([OBJCOPY], [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}objcopy/])
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([OBJDUMP], [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}objdump/])
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([RANLIB],  [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}ranlib/])
+    RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([STRIP],   [s/clang/${llvm_prefix}strip/])
 ])
 AS_UNSET(rb_CC)
 AS_UNSET(rb_dummy)
@@ -362,12 +374,6 @@ AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
 	AC_MSG_ERROR([Unsupported OS X version is required])])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if thread-local storage is supported], [rb_cv_tls_supported],
-	[AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[int __thread conftest;]])],
-	    [rb_cv_tls_supported=yes],
-	    [rb_cv_tls_supported=no])])
-    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_tls_supported" != xyes],
-	[AC_DEFINE(RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER_IS_UNSUPPORTED)])
 ])
 
 RUBY_MINGW32
@@ -387,6 +393,13 @@ AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
     AS_IF([test "$gcc_major" -lt 4], [
         AC_MSG_ERROR([too old GCC: $gcc_major.$gcc_minor])
     ])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if thread-local storage is supported], [rb_cv_tls_supported],
+        [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[int __thread conftest;]])],
+            [rb_cv_tls_supported=yes],
+            [rb_cv_tls_supported=no])])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_tls_supported" != xyes],
+        [AC_DEFINE(RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER_IS_UNSUPPORTED)])
 ], [
     linker_flag=
 ])
@@ -520,11 +533,16 @@ AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling:$ac_cv_prog_DTRACE" = no: -a -n "$ac_tool_prefix"]
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOT, dot)
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOXYGEN, doxygen)
 
-for prog in ${ac_tool_prefix:+${ac_tool_prefix}pkg-config} pkg-config; do
-    AC_CHECK_PROG(PKG_CONFIG, $prog, [$prog], [], [],
-        [`"$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"`])
-    test -z "${PKG_CONFIG}" || break
-done
+tool_warned=$ac_tool_warned ac_tool_warned=no
+AC_CHECK_TOOL(PKG_CONFIG, pkg-config)
+ac_tool_warned=$tool_warned
+AS_IF([test -z "$PKG_CONFIG"], [],
+["$PKG_CONFIG" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1], [],
+[
+    unset ac_cv_prog_PKG_CONFIG
+    PKG_CONFIG=
+    AC_MSG_WARN([$PKG_CONFIG does not work; ignore])
+])
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether it is Android])
 AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
@@ -782,7 +800,8 @@ AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
 				 [disable -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option, which causes link error on mingw]),
 		  [fortify_source=$enableval])
     AS_IF([test "x$fortify_source" != xno], [
-        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([$optflags -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2], [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2)], [],
+        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([$optflags -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2],
+                        [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2)], [],
                         [@%:@include <stdio.h>])
     ])
 
@@ -790,7 +809,7 @@ AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
 
     # -fstack-protector
     AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [mingw*|emscripten*|wasi*], [
+    [emscripten*|wasi*], [
 	stack_protector=no
     ])
     AS_IF([test -z "${stack_protector+set}"], [
@@ -802,6 +821,8 @@ AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
 	    AS_IF([test "x$stack_protector" = xyes], [stack_protector=option; break])
 	])
     ])
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for -fstack-protector])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(["$stack_protector"])
     AS_CASE(["$stack_protector"], [-*], [
 	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, $stack_protector)
 	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $stack_protector)
@@ -954,9 +975,10 @@ AS_IF([test "x$OPT_DIR" != x], [
     LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS:+$LDFLAGS }$val"
     DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS:+$DLDFLAGS }$val"
     LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
-    CPPFLAGS="${CPPFLAGS:+$CPPFLAGS }"`echo "$OPT_DIR" | tr "${PATH_SEPARATOR}" '\012' |
+    INCFLAGS="${INCFLAGS:+$INCFLAGS }"`echo "$OPT_DIR" | tr "${PATH_SEPARATOR}" '\012' |
         sed '/^$/d;s|^|-I|;s|$|/include|' | tr '\012' ' ' | sed 's/ *$//'`
 ])
+AC_SUBST(incflags, "$INCFLAGS")
 
 test -z "${ac_env_CFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cflags+set}" && eval CFLAGS="\"$cflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
 test -z "${ac_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cxxflags+set}" && eval CXXFLAGS="\"$cxxflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
@@ -1181,8 +1203,6 @@ main()
 		ac_cv_func_gmtime_r=yes
 		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
 		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
 		ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=no
 		ac_cv_type_off_t=yes
 		ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8
@@ -1277,6 +1297,11 @@ dnl AC_HEADER_STDC has been checked in AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
 AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
 AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
 
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([afunix.h], [], [],
+[#ifdef _WIN32
+# include <winsock2.h>
+#endif
+])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(atomic.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(copyfile.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(direct.h)
@@ -1323,6 +1348,8 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADERS(syscall.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(time.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(ucontext.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(utime.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(stdatomic.h)
+
 AS_CASE("$target_cpu", [x64|x86_64|i[3-6]86*], [
   AC_CHECK_HEADERS(x86intrin.h)
 ])
@@ -1339,6 +1366,8 @@ AC_ARG_WITH([jemalloc],
   [with_jemalloc=$withval], [with_jemalloc=no])
 AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xno],[
   # find jemalloc header first
+  save_CPPFLAGS="${CPPFLAGS}"
+  CPPFLAGS="${INCFLAGS} ${CPPFLAGS}"
   malloc_header=
   AC_CHECK_HEADER(jemalloc/jemalloc.h, [malloc_header=jemalloc/jemalloc.h], [
     AC_CHECK_HEADER(jemalloc.h, [malloc_header=jemalloc.h])
@@ -1370,6 +1399,8 @@ AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xno],[
       done
     done
   ])
+  CPPFLAGS="${save_CPPFLAGS}"
+  unset save_CPPFLAGS
   with_jemalloc=${rb_cv_jemalloc_library}
   AS_CASE(["$with_jemalloc"],
   [no],
@@ -1899,8 +1930,8 @@ AS_CASE(["${target_cpu}-${target_os}:${target_archs}"],
 [universal-darwin*:*ppc*], [
   AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
   AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], C_ALLOCA, 1)
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], alloca, alloca)
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __POWERPC__], C_ALLOCA, 1) # Darwin defines __POWERPC__ for ppc and ppc64 both
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __POWERPC__], alloca, alloca)
   ],
 [
   AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
@@ -1980,6 +2011,7 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_longjmp)		# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
 test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS(arc4random_buf)
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS(atan2l atan2f)
+AC_CHECK_DECLS(atomic_signal_fence, [], [], [#include <stdatomic.h>])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chmod)
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chown)
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chroot)
@@ -2570,10 +2602,13 @@ AS_CASE([$coroutine_type], [yes|''], [
         [arm64-darwin*], [
             coroutine_type=arm64
         ],
-        [powerpc-darwin*], [
+        # Correct target name is powerpc*-, but Ruby seems to prefer ppc*-.
+        # Notice that Darwin PPC ABI differs from AIX and ELF.
+        # Adding PPC targets for AIX, *BSD and *Linux will require separate implementations.
+        [powerpc-darwin*|ppc-darwin*], [
             coroutine_type=ppc
         ],
-        [powerpc64-darwin*], [
+        [powerpc64-darwin*|ppc64-darwin*], [
             coroutine_type=ppc64
         ],
         [x*64-linux*], [
@@ -2955,6 +2990,23 @@ STATIC=
   ])
 }
 
+EXTSTATIC=
+AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
+AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
+            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static],[no],[],[EXTSTATIC="$withval"])])
+AS_CASE([",$EXTSTATIC,"], [,static,|*,enc,*], [
+  ENCOBJS='enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT) enc/libenc.$(LIBEXT) enc/libtrans.$(LIBEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)'
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXTSTATIC, 1)
+  AC_SUBST(ENCSTATIC, static)
+], [
+  ENCOBJS='dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='dmyext.$(OBJEXT)'
+])
+AC_SUBST(ENCOBJS)
+AC_SUBST(EXTOBJS)
+
 : "rpath" && {
     AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
 	[solaris*], [	AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
@@ -3014,7 +3066,7 @@ STATIC=
 	[darwin*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle'}
 			: ${DLDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamiclib'}
 			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH}
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH}
 			: ${PRELOADENV=DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES}
                         AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
                             # Resolve symbols from libruby.dylib when --enable-shared
@@ -3067,12 +3119,12 @@ AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = yes], [
 	  "-undefined dynamic_lookup" \
 	  ; do
             test "x${linker_flag}" = x || flag="${linker_flag}`echo ${flag} | tr ' ' ,`"
-            RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$flag], [], [$flag=])
+            RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$flag], [], [flag=])
             AS_IF([test x"$flag" = x], [continue])
 
             AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $flag is accepted for bundle])
             : > conftest.c
-            AS_IF([${LDSHARED/'$(CC)'/$CC} -o conftest.bundle $flag conftest.c >/dev/null 2>conftest.err &&
+            AS_IF([${LDSHARED%%'$(CC)'*}$CC${LDSHARED@%:@*'$(CC)'} -o conftest.bundle $flag conftest.c >/dev/null 2>conftest.err &&
                 test ! -s conftest.err], [
                 AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
                 RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(DLDFLAGS, [$flag])
@@ -3259,23 +3311,6 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(ext,
 AC_ARG_WITH(out-ext,
             AS_HELP_STRING([--with-out-ext=EXTS],
                            [pass to --without-ext option of extmk.rb]))
-EXTSTATIC=
-AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
-AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
-            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static],[no],[],[EXTSTATIC="$withval"])])
-AS_CASE([",$EXTSTATIC,"], [,static,|*,enc,*], [
-  ENCOBJS='enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT) enc/libenc.$(LIBEXT) enc/libtrans.$(LIBEXT)'
-  EXTOBJS='ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)'
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXTSTATIC, 1)
-  AC_SUBST(ENCSTATIC, static)
-], [
-  ENCOBJS='dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)'
-  EXTOBJS='dmyext.$(OBJEXT)'
-])
-AC_SUBST(ENCOBJS)
-AC_SUBST(EXTOBJS)
-
 AC_ARG_WITH(setup,
 	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setup=SETUP], [use extension libraries setup]),
 	    [setup=$withval])
@@ -3334,6 +3369,10 @@ AS_IF([test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes], [
   AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)
   AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)
   PREP='$(arch)-fake.rb'
+  AS_CASE(["$enable_shared:$EXTSTATIC:$target_os"], [no::darwin*], [
+    # darwin target requires miniruby for linking ext bundles
+    PREP="$PREP"' miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
+  ])
   RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
   RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)'
   XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
@@ -3724,10 +3763,58 @@ AS_IF([test x"$MJIT_SUPPORT" = "xyes"],
 
 AC_SUBST(MJIT_SUPPORT)
 
+AC_CHECK_PROG(RUSTC, [rustc], [rustc], [no]) dnl no ac_tool_prefix
+
+dnl check if rustc is recent enough to build YJIT (rustc >= 1.58.0)
+YJIT_RUSTC_OK=no
+AS_IF([test "$RUSTC" != "no"],
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether ${RUSTC} works for YJIT])
+    YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
+        [arm64|aarch64], [YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=aarch64],
+        [x86_64], [YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=x86_64],
+    )
+    dnl Fails in case rustc target doesn't match ruby target.
+    dnl Can happen on Rosetta, for example.
+    AS_IF([echo "#[cfg(target_arch = \"$YJIT_TARGET_ARCH\")] fn main() { let x = 1; format!(\"{x}\"); }" |
+            $RUSTC - --emit asm=/dev/null 2>/dev/null],
+        [YJIT_RUSTC_OK=yes]
+    )
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($YJIT_RUSTC_OK)
+)
+
+dnl check if we can build YJIT on this target platform
+dnl we can't easily cross-compile with rustc so we don't support that
+YJIT_TARGET_OK=no
+AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling" = no],
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
+        [*android*], [
+            YJIT_TARGET_OK=no
+        ],
+        [arm64-darwin*|aarch64-darwin*|x86_64-darwin*], [
+            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+        ],
+        [arm64-*linux*|aarch64-*linux*|x86_64-*linux*], [
+            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+        ],
+        [arm64-*bsd*|aarch64-*bsd*|x86_64-*bsd*], [
+            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+        ]
+    )
+)
+
+dnl build YJIT in release mode if rustc >= 1.58.0 is present and we are on a supported platform
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(yjit,
-        AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-yjit],
-        [enable experimental in-process JIT compiler that requires Rust build tools [default=no]]),
-        [YJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval], [YJIT_SUPPORT=no])
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-yjit],
+    [enable in-process JIT compiler that requires Rust build tools. enabled by default on supported platforms if rustc 1.58.0+ is available]),
+    [YJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval],
+    [AS_CASE(["$enable_jit_support:$YJIT_TARGET_OK:$YJIT_RUSTC_OK"],
+        [yes:yes:yes|:yes:yes], [
+            YJIT_SUPPORT=yes
+        ],
+        [YJIT_SUPPORT=no]
+    )]
+)
 
 CARGO=
 CARGO_BUILD_ARGS=
@@ -3737,7 +3824,6 @@ AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
     AS_IF([test x"$enable_jit_support" = "xno"],
         AC_MSG_ERROR([--disable-jit-support but --enable-yjit. YJIT requires JIT support])
     )
-    AC_CHECK_TOOL(RUSTC, [rustc], [no])
     AS_IF([test x"$RUSTC" = "xno"],
         AC_MSG_ERROR([rustc is required. Installation instructions available at https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install])
     )
@@ -3748,16 +3834,17 @@ AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
     ],
     [dev], [
 	rb_rust_target_subdir=debug
-	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--features stats,disasm,asm_comments'
+	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--features stats,disasm'
 	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_DEBUG, 1)
     ],
     [dev_nodebug], [
 	rb_rust_target_subdir=dev_nodebug
-	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--profile dev_nodebug --features stats,disasm,asm_comments'
+	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--profile dev_nodebug --features stats,disasm'
     ],
     [stats], [
 	rb_rust_target_subdir=stats
 	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--profile stats --features stats'
+	AC_DEFINE(YJIT_STATS, 1)
     ])
 
     AS_IF([test -n "${CARGO_BUILD_ARGS}"], [
@@ -3772,10 +3859,12 @@ AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
         LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -lpthread -lc++abi"
     ])
     YJIT_OBJ='yjit.$(OBJEXT)'
+    AS_IF([test x"$YJIT_SUPPORT" != "xyes" ], [
+        AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(YJIT_SUPPORT, [$YJIT_SUPPORT])
+    ])
     AC_DEFINE(USE_YJIT, 1)
 ], [AC_DEFINE(USE_YJIT, 0)])
 
-
 dnl These variables end up in ::RbConfig::CONFIG
 AC_SUBST(YJIT_SUPPORT)dnl what flavor of YJIT the Ruby build includes
 AC_SUBST(RUSTC)dnl Rust compiler command
@@ -4347,6 +4436,14 @@ AC_SUBST(XCC_WRAPPER)
 
 AS_CASE([" $CPP "], [*" $CC "*], [CPP=`echo " $CPP " | sed "s| $CC |"' $(CC) |;s/^ *//;s/  *$//'`])
 
+AS_IF([test ! -f "$srcdir/revision.h"], [
+    AS_IF([test "x$HAVE_BASERUBY" = xyes], [
+	${BASERUBY} -C "$srcdir" tool/file2lastrev.rb -q --revision.h > "$srcdir/revision.h"
+    ], [
+	touch "$srcdir/revision.h"
+    ])
+])
+
 AS_IF([test x"$firstmf" != x], [
     AC_CONFIG_FILES($firstmf:$firsttmpl, [], [firstmf="$firstmf" firsttmpl="$firsttmpl"])
 ])
@@ -4363,12 +4460,15 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile:template/Makefile.in, [
 	AS_CASE("$VCS",
 		['$(GIT)'|git], [VCSUP='$(VCS) pull --rebase $(GITPULLOPTIONS)'],
 		[VCSUP='$(VCS)'])
-	sed -n \
-	    -e '[/^@%:@define \(RUBY_RELEASE_[A-Z]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/]{' \
-	    -e   's//\1 = \2/' \
-	    -e   '[s/ \([0-9]\)$/ 0\1/]' \
-	    -e   p \
-	    -e '}' "$srcdir/version.h"
+	for f in "$srcdir/version.h" "$srcdir/revision.h"; do
+            test -f "$f" || continue
+	    sed -n \
+	        -e '[/^@%:@define \(RUBY_RELEASE_[A-Z]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/]{' \
+	        -e   's//\1 = \2/' \
+	        -e   '[s/ \([0-9]\)$/ 0\1/]' \
+	        -e   p \
+	        -e '}' "$f"
+        done
 	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
 	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
 	AS_IF([test "$gnumake" != yes], [
diff --git a/cont.c b/cont.c
index 19e719ccd9..5375d1945b 100644
--- a/cont.c
+++ b/cont.c
@@ -29,12 +29,15 @@ extern int madvise(caddr_t, size_t, int);
 #include "gc.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/cont.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
 #include "internal/proc.h"
 #include "internal/sanitizers.h"
 #include "internal/warnings.h"
 #include "ruby/fiber/scheduler.h"
 #include "mjit.h"
+#include "yjit.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
+#include "vm_sync.h"
 #include "id_table.h"
 #include "ractor_core.h"
 
@@ -67,6 +70,8 @@ static VALUE rb_cFiberPool;
 #define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
 #endif
 
+#define jit_cont_enabled (mjit_enabled || rb_yjit_enabled_p())
+
 enum context_type {
     CONTINUATION_CONTEXT = 0,
     FIBER_CONTEXT = 1
@@ -195,6 +200,15 @@ struct fiber_pool {
     size_t vm_stack_size;
 };
 
+// Continuation contexts used by JITs
+struct rb_jit_cont {
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec; // continuation ec
+    struct rb_jit_cont *prev, *next; // used to form lists
+};
+
+// Doubly linked list for enumerating all on-stack ISEQs.
+static struct rb_jit_cont *first_jit_cont;
+
 typedef struct rb_context_struct {
     enum context_type type;
     int argc;
@@ -212,8 +226,7 @@ typedef struct rb_context_struct {
     rb_execution_context_t saved_ec;
     rb_jmpbuf_t jmpbuf;
     rb_ensure_entry_t *ensure_array;
-    /* Pointer to MJIT info about the continuation.  */
-    struct mjit_cont *mjit_cont;
+    struct rb_jit_cont *jit_cont; // Continuation contexts for JITs
 } rb_context_t;
 
 
@@ -259,7 +272,7 @@ struct rb_fiber_struct {
 
 static struct fiber_pool shared_fiber_pool = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 
-static ID fiber_initialize_keywords[2] = {0};
+static ID fiber_initialize_keywords[3] = {0};
 
 /*
  * FreeBSD require a first (i.e. addr) argument of mmap(2) is not NULL
@@ -681,21 +694,36 @@ fiber_pool_stack_free(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
 
     if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_free: %p+%"PRIuSIZE" [base=%p, size=%"PRIuSIZE"]\n", base, size, stack->base, stack->size);
 
-#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0 && defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    // The pages being used by the stack can be returned back to the system.
+    // That doesn't change the page mapping, but it does allow the system to
+    // reclaim the physical memory.
+    // Since we no longer care about the data itself, we don't need to page
+    // out to disk, since that is costly. Not all systems support that, so
+    // we try our best to select the most efficient implementation.
+    // In addition, it's actually slightly desirable to not do anything here,
+    // but that results in higher memory usage.
+
+#ifdef __wasi__
+    // WebAssembly doesn't support madvise, so we just don't do anything.
+#elif VM_CHECK_MODE > 0 && defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
     // This immediately discards the pages and the memory is reset to zero.
     madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
-#elif defined(POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED)
-    posix_madvise(base, size, POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED);
 #elif defined(MADV_FREE_REUSABLE)
+    // Darwin / macOS / iOS.
     // Acknowledge the kernel down to the task info api we make this
     // page reusable for future use.
     // As for MADV_FREE_REUSE below we ensure in the rare occasions the task was not
     // completed at the time of the call to re-iterate.
     while (madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE_REUSABLE) == -1 && errno == EAGAIN);
 #elif defined(MADV_FREE)
+    // Recent Linux.
     madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE);
 #elif defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    // Old Linux.
     madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+#elif defined(POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED)
+    // Solaris?
+    posix_madvise(base, size, POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED);
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
     VirtualAlloc(base, size, MEM_RESET, PAGE_READWRITE);
     // Not available in all versions of Windows.
@@ -1000,6 +1028,8 @@ fiber_is_root_p(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 }
 #endif
 
+static void jit_cont_free(struct rb_jit_cont *cont);
+
 static void
 cont_free(void *ptr)
 {
@@ -1020,9 +1050,9 @@ cont_free(void *ptr)
 
     RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
 
-    if (mjit_enabled) {
-        VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont != NULL);
-        mjit_cont_free(cont->mjit_cont);
+    if (jit_cont_enabled) {
+        VM_ASSERT(cont->jit_cont != NULL);
+        jit_cont_free(cont->jit_cont);
     }
     /* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
     ruby_xfree(ptr);
@@ -1127,7 +1157,9 @@ fiber_memsize(const void *ptr)
      */
     if (saved_ec->local_storage && fiber != th->root_fiber) {
         size += rb_id_table_memsize(saved_ec->local_storage);
+        size += rb_obj_memsize_of(saved_ec->storage);
     }
+
     size += cont_memsize(&fiber->cont);
     return size;
 }
@@ -1187,12 +1219,103 @@ cont_save_thread(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
     sec->machine.stack_end = NULL;
 }
 
+static rb_nativethread_lock_t jit_cont_lock;
+
+// Register a new continuation with execution context `ec`. Return JIT info about
+// the continuation.
+static struct rb_jit_cont *
+jit_cont_new(rb_execution_context_t *ec)
+{
+    struct rb_jit_cont *cont;
+
+    // We need to use calloc instead of something like ZALLOC to avoid triggering GC here.
+    // When this function is called from rb_thread_alloc through rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup,
+    // the thread is still being prepared and marking it causes SEGV.
+    cont = calloc(1, sizeof(struct rb_jit_cont));
+    if (cont == NULL)
+        rb_memerror();
+    cont->ec = ec;
+
+    rb_native_mutex_lock(&jit_cont_lock);
+    if (first_jit_cont == NULL) {
+        cont->next = cont->prev = NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        cont->prev = NULL;
+        cont->next = first_jit_cont;
+        first_jit_cont->prev = cont;
+    }
+    first_jit_cont = cont;
+    rb_native_mutex_unlock(&jit_cont_lock);
+
+    return cont;
+}
+
+// Unregister continuation `cont`.
+static void
+jit_cont_free(struct rb_jit_cont *cont)
+{
+    if (!cont) return;
+
+    rb_native_mutex_lock(&jit_cont_lock);
+    if (cont == first_jit_cont) {
+        first_jit_cont = cont->next;
+        if (first_jit_cont != NULL)
+            first_jit_cont->prev = NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        cont->prev->next = cont->next;
+        if (cont->next != NULL)
+            cont->next->prev = cont->prev;
+    }
+    rb_native_mutex_unlock(&jit_cont_lock);
+
+    free(cont);
+}
+
+// Call a given callback against all on-stack ISEQs.
+void
+rb_jit_cont_each_iseq(rb_iseq_callback callback, void *data)
+{
+    struct rb_jit_cont *cont;
+    for (cont = first_jit_cont; cont != NULL; cont = cont->next) {
+        if (cont->ec->vm_stack == NULL)
+            continue;
+
+        const rb_control_frame_t *cfp;
+        for (cfp = RUBY_VM_END_CONTROL_FRAME(cont->ec) - 1; ; cfp = RUBY_VM_NEXT_CONTROL_FRAME(cfp)) {
+            const rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+            if (cfp->pc && (iseq = cfp->iseq) != NULL && imemo_type((VALUE)iseq) == imemo_iseq) {
+                callback(iseq, data);
+            }
+
+            if (cfp == cont->ec->cfp)
+                break; // reached the most recent cfp
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Finish working with jit_cont.
+void
+rb_jit_cont_finish(void)
+{
+    if (!jit_cont_enabled)
+        return;
+
+    struct rb_jit_cont *cont, *next;
+    for (cont = first_jit_cont; cont != NULL; cont = next) {
+        next = cont->next;
+        free(cont); // Don't use xfree because it's allocated by calloc.
+    }
+    rb_native_mutex_destroy(&jit_cont_lock);
+}
+
 static void
-cont_init_mjit_cont(rb_context_t *cont)
+cont_init_jit_cont(rb_context_t *cont)
 {
-    VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont == NULL);
-    if (mjit_enabled) {
-        cont->mjit_cont = mjit_cont_new(&(cont->saved_ec));
+    VM_ASSERT(cont->jit_cont == NULL);
+    if (jit_cont_enabled) {
+        cont->jit_cont = jit_cont_new(&(cont->saved_ec));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1211,7 +1334,7 @@ cont_init(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
     cont->saved_ec.local_storage = NULL;
     cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
     cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
-    cont_init_mjit_cont(cont);
+    cont_init_jit_cont(cont);
 }
 
 static rb_context_t *
@@ -1240,11 +1363,15 @@ rb_fiberptr_blocking(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
     return fiber->blocking;
 }
 
-// This is used for root_fiber because other fibers call cont_init_mjit_cont through cont_new.
+// Start working with jit_cont.
 void
-rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+rb_jit_cont_init(void)
 {
-    cont_init_mjit_cont(&fiber->cont);
+    if (!jit_cont_enabled)
+        return;
+
+    rb_native_mutex_initialize(&jit_cont_lock);
+    cont_init_jit_cont(&GET_EC()->fiber_ptr->cont);
 }
 
 #if 0
@@ -1454,7 +1581,7 @@ cont_restore_1(rb_context_t *cont)
     cont_restore_thread(cont);
 
     /* restore machine stack */
-#ifdef _M_AMD64
+#if defined(_M_AMD64) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
     {
         /* workaround for x64 SEH */
         jmp_buf buf;
@@ -1709,7 +1836,7 @@ rollback_ensure_stack(VALUE self,rb_ensure_list_t *current,rb_ensure_entry_t *ta
     /* push ensure stack */
     for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
         func = lookup_rollback_func(target[i - j - 1].e_proc);
-        if ((VALUE)func != Qundef) {
+        if (!UNDEF_P((VALUE)func)) {
             (*func)(target[i - j - 1].data2);
         }
     }
@@ -1834,7 +1961,7 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *  the current thread, blocking and non-blocking fibers' behavior is identical.
  *
  *  Ruby doesn't provide a scheduler class: it is expected to be implemented by
- *  the user and correspond to Fiber::SchedulerInterface.
+ *  the user and correspond to Fiber::Scheduler.
  *
  *  There is also Fiber.schedule method, which is expected to immediately perform
  *  the given block in a non-blocking manner. Its actual implementation is up to
@@ -1885,11 +2012,207 @@ fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fiber_value, unsigned int blocking)
     return fiber;
 }
 
+static rb_fiber_t *
+root_fiber_alloc(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(DATA_PTR(fiber_value) == NULL);
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
+
+    th->root_fiber = fiber;
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
+
+    return fiber;
+}
+
+static inline rb_fiber_t*
+fiber_current(void)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    if (ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0) {
+        root_fiber_alloc(rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec));
+    }
+    return ec->fiber_ptr;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+current_fiber_storage(void)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    return ec->storage;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+inherit_fiber_storage(void)
+{
+    return rb_obj_dup(current_fiber_storage());
+}
+
+static inline void
+fiber_storage_set(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber, VALUE storage)
+{
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.storage = storage;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+fiber_storage_get(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    VALUE storage = fiber->cont.saved_ec.storage;
+    if (storage == Qnil) {
+        storage = rb_hash_new();
+        fiber_storage_set(fiber, storage);
+    }
+    return storage;
+}
+
+static void
+storage_access_must_be_from_same_fiber(VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(self);
+    rb_fiber_t *current = fiber_current();
+    if (fiber != current) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Fiber storage can only be accessed from the Fiber it belongs to");
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  call-seq: fiber.storage -> hash (dup)
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of the storage hash for the fiber. The method can only be called on the
+ *  Fiber.current.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_storage_get(VALUE self)
+{
+    storage_access_must_be_from_same_fiber(self);
+    return rb_obj_dup(fiber_storage_get(fiber_ptr(self)));
+}
+
+static int
+fiber_storage_validate_each(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE _argument)
+{
+    Check_Type(key, T_SYMBOL);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+fiber_storage_validate(VALUE value)
+{
+    // nil is an allowed value and will be lazily initialized.
+    if (value == Qnil) return;
+
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(value, T_HASH)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "storage must be a hash");
+    }
+
+    if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(value)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFrozenError, "storage must not be frozen");
+    }
+
+    rb_hash_foreach(value, fiber_storage_validate_each, Qundef);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  call-seq: fiber.storage = hash
+ *
+ *  Sets the storage hash for the fiber. This feature is experimental
+ *  and may change in the future. The method can only be called on the
+ *  Fiber.current.
+ *
+ *  You should be careful about using this method as you may inadvertently clear
+ *  important fiber-storage state. You should mostly prefer to assign specific
+ *  keys in the storage using Fiber::[]=.
+ *
+ *  You can also use <tt>Fiber.new(storage: nil)</tt> to create a fiber with an empty
+ *  storage.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *
+ *    while request = request_queue.pop
+ *      # Reset the per-request state:
+ *      Fiber.current.storage = nil
+ *      handle_request(request)
+ *    end
+ */
 static VALUE
-fiber_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE proc, struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, unsigned int blocking)
+rb_fiber_storage_set(VALUE self, VALUE value)
 {
+    if (rb_warning_category_enabled_p(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_EXPERIMENTAL)) {
+        rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_EXPERIMENTAL,
+          "Fiber#storage= is experimental and may be removed in the future!");
+    }
+
+    storage_access_must_be_from_same_fiber(self);
+    fiber_storage_validate(value);
+
+    fiber_ptr(self)->cont.saved_ec.storage = rb_obj_dup(value);
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  call-seq: Fiber[key] -> value
+ *
+ *  Returns the value of the fiber storage variable identified by +key+.
+ *
+ *  The +key+ must be a symbol, and the value is set by Fiber#[]= or
+ *  Fiber#store.
+ *
+ *  See also Fiber::[]=.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_storage_aref(VALUE class, VALUE key)
+{
+    Check_Type(key, T_SYMBOL);
+
+    VALUE storage = fiber_storage_get(fiber_current());
+
+    if (storage == Qnil) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_hash_aref(storage, key);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  call-seq: Fiber[key] = value
+ *
+ *  Assign +value+ to the fiber storage variable identified by +key+.
+ *  The variable is created if it doesn't exist.
+ *
+ *  +key+ must be a Symbol, otherwise a TypeError is raised.
+ *
+ *  See also Fiber::[].
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_storage_aset(VALUE class, VALUE key, VALUE value)
+{
+    Check_Type(key, T_SYMBOL);
+
+    VALUE storage = fiber_storage_get(fiber_current());
+
+    return rb_hash_aset(storage, key, value);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE proc, struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, unsigned int blocking, VALUE storage)
+{
+    if (storage == Qundef || storage == Qtrue) {
+        // The default, inherit storage (dup) from the current fiber:
+        storage = inherit_fiber_storage();
+    }
+    else /* nil, hash, etc. */ {
+        fiber_storage_validate(storage);
+        storage = rb_obj_dup(storage);
+    }
+
     rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_t_alloc(self, blocking);
 
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.storage = storage;
     fiber->first_proc = proc;
     fiber->stack.base = NULL;
     fiber->stack.pool = fiber_pool;
@@ -1922,54 +2245,90 @@ rb_fiber_pool_default(VALUE pool)
     return &shared_fiber_pool;
 }
 
+VALUE rb_fiber_inherit_storage(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec, struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    VALUE storage = rb_obj_dup(ec->storage);
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.storage = storage;
+    return storage;
+}
+
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 rb_fiber_initialize_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self, int kw_splat)
 {
     VALUE pool = Qnil;
     VALUE blocking = Qfalse;
+    VALUE storage = Qundef;
 
     if (kw_splat != RB_NO_KEYWORDS) {
         VALUE options = Qnil;
-        VALUE arguments[2] = {Qundef};
+        VALUE arguments[3] = {Qundef};
 
         argc = rb_scan_args_kw(kw_splat, argc, argv, ":", &options);
-        rb_get_kwargs(options, fiber_initialize_keywords, 0, 2, arguments);
+        rb_get_kwargs(options, fiber_initialize_keywords, 0, 3, arguments);
 
-        if (arguments[0] != Qundef) {
+        if (!UNDEF_P(arguments[0])) {
             blocking = arguments[0];
         }
 
-        if (arguments[1] != Qundef) {
+        if (!UNDEF_P(arguments[1])) {
             pool = arguments[1];
         }
+
+        storage = arguments[2];
     }
 
-    return fiber_initialize(self, rb_block_proc(), rb_fiber_pool_default(pool), RTEST(blocking));
+    return fiber_initialize(self, rb_block_proc(), rb_fiber_pool_default(pool), RTEST(blocking), storage);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Fiber.new(blocking: false) { |*args| ... } -> fiber
+ *     Fiber.new(blocking: false, storage: true) { |*args| ... } -> fiber
  *
- *  Creates new Fiber. Initially, the fiber is not running and can be resumed with
- *  #resume. Arguments to the first #resume call will be passed to the block:
+ *  Creates new Fiber. Initially, the fiber is not running and can be resumed
+ *  with #resume. Arguments to the first #resume call will be passed to the
+ *  block:
  *
- *      f = Fiber.new do |initial|
- *         current = initial
- *         loop do
- *           puts "current: #{current.inspect}"
- *           current = Fiber.yield
- *         end
- *      end
- *      f.resume(100)     # prints: current: 100
- *      f.resume(1, 2, 3) # prints: current: [1, 2, 3]
- *      f.resume          # prints: current: nil
- *      # ... and so on ...
- *
- *  If <tt>blocking: false</tt> is passed to <tt>Fiber.new</tt>, _and_ current thread
- *  has a Fiber.scheduler defined, the Fiber becomes non-blocking (see "Non-blocking
- *  Fibers" section in class docs).
+ *    f = Fiber.new do |initial|
+ *       current = initial
+ *       loop do
+ *         puts "current: #{current.inspect}"
+ *         current = Fiber.yield
+ *       end
+ *    end
+ *    f.resume(100)     # prints: current: 100
+ *    f.resume(1, 2, 3) # prints: current: [1, 2, 3]
+ *    f.resume          # prints: current: nil
+ *    # ... and so on ...
+ *
+ *  If <tt>blocking: false</tt> is passed to <tt>Fiber.new</tt>, _and_ current
+ *  thread has a Fiber.scheduler defined, the Fiber becomes non-blocking (see
+ *  "Non-blocking Fibers" section in class docs).
+ *
+ *  If the <tt>storage</tt> is unspecified, the default is to inherit a copy of
+ *  the storage from the current fiber. This is the same as specifying
+ *  <tt>storage: true</tt>.
+ *
+ *    Fiber[:x] = 1
+ *    Fiber.new do
+ *      Fiber[:x] # => 1
+ *      Fiber[:x] = 2
+ *    end.resume
+ *    Fiber[:x] # => 1
+ *
+ *  If the given <tt>storage</tt> is <tt>nil</tt>, this function will lazy
+ *  initialize the internal storage, which starts as an empty hash.
+ *
+ *    Fiber[:x] = "Hello World"
+ *    Fiber.new(storage: nil) do
+ *      Fiber[:x] # nil
+ *    end
+ *
+ *  Otherwise, the given <tt>storage</tt> is used as the new fiber's storage,
+ *  and it must be an instance of Hash.
+ *
+ *  Explicitly using <tt>storage: true</tt> is currently experimental and may
+ *  change in the future.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_fiber_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
@@ -1978,9 +2337,15 @@ rb_fiber_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
 }
 
 VALUE
+rb_fiber_new_storage(rb_block_call_func_t func, VALUE obj, VALUE storage)
+{
+    return fiber_initialize(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj), rb_fiber_pool_default(Qnil), 0, storage);
+}
+
+VALUE
 rb_fiber_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, VALUE obj)
 {
-    return fiber_initialize(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj), rb_fiber_pool_default(Qnil), 1);
+    return rb_fiber_new_storage(func, obj, Qtrue);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1991,7 +2356,7 @@ rb_fiber_s_schedule_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, int kw_splat)
     VALUE fiber = Qnil;
 
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
-        fiber = rb_funcall_passing_block_kw(scheduler, rb_intern("fiber"), argc, argv, kw_splat);
+        fiber = rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber(scheduler, argc, argv, kw_splat);
     }
     else {
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "No scheduler is available!");
@@ -2034,7 +2399,7 @@ rb_fiber_s_schedule_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, int kw_splat)
  *
  *  Note that the behavior described above is how the method is <em>expected</em>
  *  to behave, actual behavior is up to the current scheduler's implementation of
- *  Fiber::SchedulerInterface#fiber method. Ruby doesn't enforce this method to
+ *  Fiber::Scheduler#fiber method. Ruby doesn't enforce this method to
  *  behave in any particular way.
  *
  *  If the scheduler is not set, the method raises
@@ -2053,7 +2418,7 @@ rb_fiber_s_schedule(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  *
  *  Returns the Fiber scheduler, that was last set for the current thread with Fiber.set_scheduler.
  *  Returns +nil+ if no scheduler is set (which is the default), and non-blocking fibers'
- #  behavior is the same as blocking.
+ *  behavior is the same as blocking.
  *  (see "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details about the scheduler concept).
  *
  */
@@ -2087,7 +2452,7 @@ rb_fiber_current_scheduler(VALUE klass)
  *  thread will call scheduler's +close+ method on finalization (allowing the scheduler to
  *  properly manage all non-finished fibers).
  *
- *  +scheduler+ can be an object of any class corresponding to Fiber::SchedulerInterface. Its
+ *  +scheduler+ can be an object of any class corresponding to Fiber::Scheduler. Its
  *  implementation is up to the user.
  *
  *  See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs.
@@ -2154,25 +2519,7 @@ rb_fiber_start(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
     rb_fiber_terminate(fiber, need_interrupt, err);
 }
 
-static rb_fiber_t *
-root_fiber_alloc(rb_thread_t *th)
-{
-    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
-    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
-
-    VM_ASSERT(DATA_PTR(fiber_value) == NULL);
-    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
-    VM_ASSERT(fiber->status == FIBER_RESUMED);
-
-    th->root_fiber = fiber;
-    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
-    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
-
-    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
-
-    return fiber;
-}
-
+// Set up a "root fiber", which is the fiber that every Ractor has.
 void
 rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
@@ -2187,9 +2534,11 @@ rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
     fiber->blocking = 1;
     fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_RESUMED); /* skip CREATED */
     th->ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
-    // This skips mjit_cont_new for the initial thread because mjit_enabled is always false
-    // at this point. mjit_init calls rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont again for this root_fiber.
-    rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(fiber);
+    // When rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup is called for the first time, mjit_enabled and
+    // rb_yjit_enabled_p() are still false. So this does nothing and rb_jit_cont_init() that is
+    // called later will take care of it. However, you still have to call cont_init_jit_cont()
+    // here for other Ractors, which are not initialized by rb_jit_cont_init().
+    cont_init_jit_cont(&fiber->cont);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2224,16 +2573,6 @@ rb_threadptr_root_fiber_terminate(rb_thread_t *th)
 }
 
 static inline rb_fiber_t*
-fiber_current(void)
-{
-    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
-    if (ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0) {
-        root_fiber_alloc(rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec));
-    }
-    return ec->fiber_ptr;
-}
-
-static inline rb_fiber_t*
 return_fiber(bool terminate)
 {
     rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_current();
@@ -2410,7 +2749,60 @@ rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 VALUE
 rb_fiber_blocking_p(VALUE fiber)
 {
-    return RBOOL(fiber_ptr(fiber)->blocking != 0);
+    return RBOOL(fiber_ptr(fiber)->blocking);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_blocking_yield(VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    rb_thread_t * volatile th = fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr;
+
+    // fiber->blocking is `unsigned int : 1`, so we use it as a boolean:
+    fiber->blocking = 1;
+
+    // Once the fiber is blocking, and current, we increment the thread blocking state:
+    th->blocking += 1;
+
+    return rb_yield(fiber_value);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_blocking_ensure(VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    rb_thread_t * volatile th = fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr;
+
+    // We are no longer blocking:
+    fiber->blocking = 0;
+    th->blocking -= 1;
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.blocking{|fiber| ...} -> result
+ *
+ *  Forces the fiber to be blocking for the duration of the block. Returns the
+ *  result of the block.
+ *
+ *  See the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_blocking(VALUE class)
+{
+    VALUE fiber_value = rb_fiber_current();
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+
+    // If we are already blocking, this is essentially a no-op:
+    if (fiber->blocking) {
+        return rb_yield(fiber_value);
+    }
+    else {
+        return rb_ensure(fiber_blocking_yield, fiber_value, fiber_blocking_ensure, fiber_value);
+    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2948,329 +3340,6 @@ rb_fiber_pool_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
  *     fiber.resume #=> FiberError: dead fiber called
  */
 
-/*
- *  Document-class: Fiber::SchedulerInterface
- *
- *  This is not an existing class, but documentation of the interface that Scheduler
- *  object should comply to in order to be used as argument to Fiber.scheduler and handle non-blocking
- *  fibers. See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in Fiber class docs for explanations
- *  of some concepts.
- *
- *  Scheduler's behavior and usage are expected to be as follows:
- *
- *  * When the execution in the non-blocking Fiber reaches some blocking operation (like
- *    sleep, wait for a process, or a non-ready I/O), it calls some of the scheduler's
- *    hook methods, listed below.
- *  * Scheduler somehow registers what the current fiber is waiting on, and yields control
- *    to other fibers with Fiber.yield (so the fiber would be suspended while expecting its
- *    wait to end, and other fibers in the same thread can perform)
- *  * At the end of the current thread execution, the scheduler's method #close is called
- *  * The scheduler runs into a wait loop, checking all the blocked fibers (which it has
- *    registered on hook calls) and resuming them when the awaited resource is ready
- *    (e.g. I/O ready or sleep time elapsed).
- *
- *  A typical implementation would probably rely for this closing loop on a gem like
- *  EventMachine[https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine] or
- *  Async[https://github.com/socketry/async].
- *
- *  This way concurrent execution will be achieved transparently for every
- *  individual Fiber's code.
- *
- *  Hook methods are:
- *
- *  * #io_wait, #io_read, and #io_write
- *  * #process_wait
- *  * #kernel_sleep
- *  * #timeout_after
- *  * #address_resolve
- *  * #block and #unblock
- *  * (the list is expanded as Ruby developers make more methods having non-blocking calls)
- *
- *  When not specified otherwise, the hook implementations are mandatory: if they are not
- *  implemented, the methods trying to call hook will fail. To provide backward compatibility,
- *  in the future hooks will be optional (if they are not implemented, due to the scheduler
- *  being created for the older Ruby version, the code which needs this hook will not fail,
- *  and will just behave in a blocking fashion).
- *
- *  It is also strongly recommended that the scheduler implements the #fiber method, which is
- *  delegated to by Fiber.schedule.
- *
- *  Sample _toy_ implementation of the scheduler can be found in Ruby's code, in
- *  <tt>test/fiber/scheduler.rb</tt>
- *
- */
-
-#if 0 /* for RDoc */
-/*
- *
- *  Document-method: Fiber::SchedulerInterface#close
- *
- *  Called when the current thread exits. The scheduler is expected to implement this
- *  method in order to allow all waiting fibers to finalize their execution.
- *
- *  The suggested pattern is to implement the main event loop in the #close method.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#process_wait
- *  call-seq: process_wait(pid, flags)
- *
- *  Invoked by Process::Status.wait in order to wait for a specified process.
- *  See that method description for arguments description.
- *
- *  Suggested minimal implementation:
- *
- *      Thread.new do
- *        Process::Status.wait(pid, flags)
- *      end.value
- *
- *  This hook is optional: if it is not present in the current scheduler,
- *  Process::Status.wait will behave as a blocking method.
- *
- *  Expected to return a Process::Status instance.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#io_wait
- *  call-seq: io_wait(io, events, timeout)
- *
- *  Invoked by IO#wait, IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable to ask whether the
- *  specified descriptor is ready for specified events within
- *  the specified +timeout+.
- *
- *  +events+ is a bit mask of <tt>IO::READABLE</tt>, <tt>IO::WRITABLE</tt>, and
- *  <tt>IO::PRIORITY</tt>.
- *
- *  Suggested implementation should register which Fiber is waiting for which
- *  resources and immediately calling Fiber.yield to pass control to other
- *  fibers. Then, in the #close method, the scheduler might dispatch all the
- *  I/O resources to fibers waiting for it.
- *
- *  Expected to return the subset of events that are ready immediately.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#io_read
- *  call-seq: io_read(io, buffer, length) -> read length or -errno
- *
- *  Invoked by IO#read to read +length+ bytes from +io+ into a specified
- *  +buffer+ (see IO::Buffer).
- *
- *  The +length+ argument is the "minimum length to be read".
- *  If the IO buffer size is 8KiB, but the +length+ is +1024+ (1KiB), up to
- *  8KiB might be read, but at least 1KiB will be.
- *  Generally, the only case where less data than +length+ will be read is if
- *  there is an error reading the data.
- *
- *  Specifying a +length+ of 0 is valid and means try reading at least once
- *  and return any available data.
- *
- *  Suggested implementation should try to read from +io+ in a non-blocking
- *  manner and call #io_wait if the +io+ is not ready (which will yield control
- *  to other fibers).
- *
- *  See IO::Buffer for an interface available to return data.
- *
- *  Expected to return number of bytes read, or, in case of an error, <tt>-errno</tt>
- *  (negated number corresponding to system's error code).
- *
- *  The method should be considered _experimental_.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_read(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#io_write
- *  call-seq: io_write(io, buffer, length) -> written length or -errno
- *
- *  Invoked by IO#write to write +length+ bytes to +io+ from
- *  from a specified +buffer+ (see IO::Buffer).
- *
- *  The +length+ argument is the "(minimum) length to be written".
- *  If the IO buffer size is 8KiB, but the +length+ specified is 1024 (1KiB),
- *  at most 8KiB will be written, but at least 1KiB will be.
- *  Generally, the only case where less data than +length+ will be written is if
- *  there is an error writing the data.
- *
- *  Specifying a +length+ of 0 is valid and means try writing at least once,
- *  as much data as possible.
- *
- *  Suggested implementation should try to write to +io+ in a non-blocking
- *  manner and call #io_wait if the +io+ is not ready (which will yield control
- *  to other fibers).
- *
- *  See IO::Buffer for an interface available to get data from buffer efficiently.
- *
- *  Expected to return number of bytes written, or, in case of an error, <tt>-errno</tt>
- *  (negated number corresponding to system's error code).
- *
- *  The method should be considered _experimental_.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_write(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#kernel_sleep
- *  call-seq: kernel_sleep(duration = nil)
- *
- *  Invoked by Kernel#sleep and Mutex#sleep and is expected to provide
- *  an implementation of sleeping in a non-blocking way. Implementation might
- *  register the current fiber in some list of "which fiber wait until what
- *  moment", call Fiber.yield to pass control, and then in #close resume
- *  the fibers whose wait period has elapsed.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#address_resolve
- *  call-seq: address_resolve(hostname) -> array_of_strings or nil
- *
- *  Invoked by any method that performs a non-reverse DNS lookup. The most
- *  notable method is Addrinfo.getaddrinfo, but there are many other.
- *
- *  The method is expected to return an array of strings corresponding to ip
- *  addresses the +hostname+ is resolved to, or +nil+ if it can not be resolved.
- *
- *  Fairly exhaustive list of all possible call-sites:
- *
- *  - Addrinfo.getaddrinfo
- *  - Addrinfo.tcp
- *  - Addrinfo.udp
- *  - Addrinfo.ip
- *  - Addrinfo.new
- *  - Addrinfo.marshal_load
- *  - SOCKSSocket.new
- *  - TCPServer.new
- *  - TCPSocket.new
- *  - IPSocket.getaddress
- *  - TCPSocket.gethostbyname
- *  - UDPSocket#connect
- *  - UDPSocket#bind
- *  - UDPSocket#send
- *  - Socket.getaddrinfo
- *  - Socket.gethostbyname
- *  - Socket.pack_sockaddr_in
- *  - Socket.sockaddr_in
- *  - Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_address_resolve(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#timeout_after
- *  call-seq: timeout_after(duration, exception_class, *exception_arguments, &block) -> result of block
- *
- *  Invoked by Timeout.timeout to execute the given +block+ within the given
- *  +duration+. It can also be invoked directly by the scheduler or user code.
- *
- *  Attempt to limit the execution time of a given +block+ to the given
- *  +duration+ if possible. When a non-blocking operation causes the +block+'s
- *  execution time to exceed the specified +duration+, that non-blocking
- *  operation should be interrupted by raising the specified +exception_class+
- *  constructed with the given +exception_arguments+.
- *
- *  General execution timeouts are often considered risky. This implementation
- *  will only interrupt non-blocking operations. This is by design because it's
- *  expected that non-blocking operations can fail for a variety of
- *  unpredictable reasons, so applications should already be robust in handling
- *  these conditions and by implication timeouts.
- *
- *  However, as a result of this design, if the +block+ does not invoke any
- *  non-blocking operations, it will be impossible to interrupt it. If you
- *  desire to provide predictable points for timeouts, consider adding
- *  +sleep(0)+.
- *
- *  If the block is executed successfully, its result will be returned.
- *
- *  The exception will typically be raised using Fiber#raise.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_timeout_after(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#block
- *  call-seq: block(blocker, timeout = nil)
- *
- *  Invoked by methods like Thread.join, and by Mutex, to signify that current
- *  Fiber is blocked until further notice (e.g. #unblock) or until +timeout+ has
- *  elapsed.
- *
- *  +blocker+ is what we are waiting on, informational only (for debugging and
- *  logging). There are no guarantee about its value.
- *
- *  Expected to return boolean, specifying whether the blocking operation was
- *  successful or not.
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#unblock
- *  call-seq: unblock(blocker, fiber)
- *
- *  Invoked to wake up Fiber previously blocked with #block (for example, Mutex#lock
- *  calls #block and Mutex#unlock calls #unblock). The scheduler should use
- *  the +fiber+ parameter to understand which fiber is unblocked.
- *
- *  +blocker+ is what was awaited for, but it is informational only (for debugging
- *  and logging), and it is not guaranteed to be the same value as the +blocker+ for
- *  #block.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#fiber
- *  call-seq: fiber(&block)
- *
- *  Implementation of the Fiber.schedule. The method is <em>expected</em> to immediately
- *  run the given block of code in a separate non-blocking fiber, and to return that Fiber.
- *
- *  Minimal suggested implementation is:
- *
- *     def fiber(&block)
- *       fiber = Fiber.new(blocking: false, &block)
- *       fiber.resume
- *       fiber
- *     end
- */
-static VALUE
-rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber(VALUE self)
-{
-}
-#endif
-
 void
 Init_Cont(void)
 {
@@ -3292,6 +3361,7 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 
     fiber_initialize_keywords[0] = rb_intern_const("blocking");
     fiber_initialize_keywords[1] = rb_intern_const("pool");
+    fiber_initialize_keywords[2] = rb_intern_const("storage");
 
     const char *fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks = getenv("RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_FREE_STACKS");
     if (fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks) {
@@ -3303,8 +3373,14 @@ Init_Cont(void)
     rb_eFiberError = rb_define_class("FiberError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "yield", rb_fiber_s_yield, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "current", rb_fiber_s_current, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking", rb_fiber_blocking, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "[]", rb_fiber_storage_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "[]=", rb_fiber_storage_aset, 2);
+
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "initialize", rb_fiber_initialize, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking?", rb_fiber_blocking_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "storage", rb_fiber_storage_get, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "storage=", rb_fiber_storage_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "resume", rb_fiber_m_resume, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "raise", rb_fiber_m_raise, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "backtrace", rb_fiber_backtrace, -1);
@@ -3321,21 +3397,6 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "schedule", rb_fiber_s_schedule, -1);
 
-#if 0 /* for RDoc */
-    rb_cFiberScheduler = rb_define_class_under(rb_cFiber, "SchedulerInterface", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "close", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "process_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "io_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "io_read", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_read, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "io_write", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_write, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "kernel_sleep", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "address_resolve", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_address_resolve, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "timeout_after", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_timeout_after, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "block", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "unblock", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "fiber", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber, 0);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
     rb_cFiberPool = rb_define_class_under(rb_cFiber, "Pool", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiberPool, fiber_pool_alloc);
diff --git a/coroutine/asyncify/Context.h b/coroutine/asyncify/Context.h
index 7dba829a1d..71791a4004 100644
--- a/coroutine/asyncify/Context.h
+++ b/coroutine/asyncify/Context.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include "wasm/asyncify.h"
 #include "wasm/machine.h"
 #include "wasm/fiber.h"
@@ -47,10 +48,13 @@ static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context)
 
 static inline void coroutine_initialize(struct coroutine_context *context, coroutine_start start, void *stack, size_t size)
 {
-    if (ASYNCIFY_CORO_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "[%s] entry (context = %p, stack = %p ... %p)\n", __func__, context, stack, (char *)stack + size);
+    // Linear stack pointer must be always aligned down to 16 bytes.
+    // https://github.com/WebAssembly/tool-conventions/blob/c74267a5897c1bdc9aa60adeaf41816387d3cd12/BasicCABI.md#the-linear-stack
+    uintptr_t sp = ((uintptr_t)stack + size) & ~0xF;
+    if (ASYNCIFY_CORO_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "[%s] entry (context = %p, stack = %p ... %p)\n", __func__, context, stack, (char *)sp);
     rb_wasm_init_context(&context->fc, coroutine_trampoline, start, context);
     // record the initial stack pointer position to restore it after resumption
-    context->current_sp = (char *)stack + size;
+    context->current_sp = (char *)sp;
     context->stack_base = stack;
     context->size = size;
 }
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc/Context.S b/coroutine/ppc/Context.S
index fe28390df0..cdda93e179 100644
--- a/coroutine/ppc/Context.S
+++ b/coroutine/ppc/Context.S
@@ -1,73 +1,90 @@
+; Based on the code by Samuel Williams. Created by Sergey Fedorov on 04/06/2022.
+; Credits to Samuel Williams, Rei Odaira and Iain Sandoe. Errors, if any, are mine.
+; Some relevant examples: https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/master/libphobos/libdruntime/config/powerpc/switchcontext.S
+; https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/master/libgcc/config/rs6000/darwin-gpsave.S
+; https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=epilogs-saving-gprs-only
+; ppc32 version may be re-written compactly with stmw/lwm, but the code wonʼt be faster, see: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5927#issuecomment-1139730541
+
+; Notice that this code is only for Darwin (macOS). Darwin ABI differs from AIX and ELF.
+; To add support for AIX, *BSD or *Linux, please make separate implementations.
+
 #define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
 #define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
 
+.machine ppc7400 ; = G4, Rosetta
 .text
-.align 2
 
 .globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+.align 2
+
 PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
-	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
-	addi r1,r1,-80
+	; Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	; (Should we rather use red zone? See libphobos example.)
+	subi r1,r1,80
+
+	; Get LR
+	mflr r0
 
-	# Save caller registers
-	stw r13,0(r1)
-	stw r14,4(r1)
-	stw r15,8(r1)
-	stw r16,12(r1)
-	stw r17,16(r1)
-	stw r18,20(r1)
-	stw r19,24(r1)
-	stw r20,28(r1)
-	stw r21,32(r1)
+	; Save caller registers
+	stw r31,0(r1)
+	stw r30,4(r1)
+	stw r29,8(r1)
+	stw r28,12(r1)
+	stw r27,16(r1)
+	stw r26,20(r1)
+	stw r25,24(r1)
+	stw r24,28(r1)
+	stw r23,32(r1)
 	stw r22,36(r1)
-	stw r23,40(r1)
-	stw r24,44(r1)
-	stw r25,48(r1)
-	stw r26,52(r1)
-	stw r27,56(r1)
-	stw r28,60(r1)
-	stw r29,64(r1)
-	stw r30,68(r1)
-	stw r31,72(r1)
+	stw r21,40(r1)
+	stw r20,44(r1)
+	stw r19,48(r1)
+	stw r18,52(r1)
+	stw r17,56(r1)
+	stw r16,60(r1)
+	stw r15,64(r1)
+	stw r14,68(r1)
+	stw r13,72(r1)
 
-	# Save return address
-	mflr r0
+	; Save return address
+	; Possibly should rather be saved into linkage area, see libphobos and IBM docs
 	stw r0,76(r1)
 
-	# Save stack pointer to first argument
+	; Save stack pointer to first argument
 	stw r1,0(r3)
 
-	# Load stack pointer from second argument
+	; Load stack pointer from second argument
 	lwz r1,0(r4)
 
-	# Restore caller registers
-	lwz r13,0(r1)
-	lwz r14,4(r1)
-	lwz r15,8(r1)
-	lwz r16,12(r1)
-	lwz r17,16(r1)
-	lwz r18,20(r1)
-	lwz r19,24(r1)
-	lwz r20,28(r1)
-	lwz r21,32(r1)
+	; Load return address
+	lwz r0,76(r1)
+
+	; Restore caller registers
+	lwz r13,72(r1)
+	lwz r14,68(r1)
+	lwz r15,64(r1)
+	lwz r16,60(r1)
+	lwz r17,56(r1)
+	lwz r18,52(r1)
+	lwz r19,48(r1)
+	lwz r20,44(r1)
+	lwz r21,40(r1)
 	lwz r22,36(r1)
-	lwz r23,40(r1)
-	lwz r24,44(r1)
-	lwz r25,48(r1)
-	lwz r26,52(r1)
-	lwz r27,56(r1)
-	lwz r28,60(r1)
-	lwz r29,64(r1)
-	lwz r30,68(r1)
-	lwz r31,72(r1)
+	lwz r23,32(r1)
+	lwz r24,28(r1)
+	lwz r25,24(r1)
+	lwz r26,20(r1)
+	lwz r27,16(r1)
+	lwz r28,12(r1)
+	lwz r29,8(r1)
+	lwz r30,4(r1)
+	lwz r31,0(r1)
 
-	# Load return address
-	lwz r0,76(r1)
+	; Set LR
 	mtlr r0
 
-	# Pop stack frame
+	; Pop stack frame
 	addi r1,r1,80
 
-	# Jump to return address
+	; Jump to return address
 	blr
-
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc/Context.h b/coroutine/ppc/Context.h
index 9f69390388..1fce112579 100644
--- a/coroutine/ppc/Context.h
+++ b/coroutine/ppc/Context.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
 
 enum {
   COROUTINE_REGISTERS =
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64/Context.S b/coroutine/ppc64/Context.S
index 1bd9268f93..f8561e0e7d 100644
--- a/coroutine/ppc64/Context.S
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64/Context.S
@@ -1,70 +1,89 @@
+; Based on the code by Samuel Williams. Created by Sergey Fedorov on 04/06/2022.
+; Credits to Samuel Williams, Rei Odaira and Iain Sandoe. Errors, if any, are mine.
+; Some relevant examples: https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/master/libphobos/libdruntime/config/powerpc/switchcontext.S
+; https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/master/libgcc/config/rs6000/darwin-gpsave.S
+; https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=epilogs-saving-gprs-only
+
+; Notice that this code is only for Darwin (macOS). Darwin ABI differs from AIX and ELF.
+; To add support for AIX, *BSD or *Linux, please make separate implementations.
+
 #define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
 #define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
 
+.machine ppc64 ; = G5
 .text
-.align 3
 
 .globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
-PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
-	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
-	addi r1,r1,-152
+.align 2
 
-	# Save caller registers
-	std r14,0(r1)
-	std r15,8(r1)
-	std r16,16(r1)
-	std r17,24(r1)
-	std r18,32(r1)
-	std r19,40(r1)
-	std r20,48(r1)
-	std r21,56(r1)
-	std r22,64(r1)
-	std r23,72(r1)
-	std r24,80(r1)
-	std r25,88(r1)
-	std r26,96(r1)
-	std r27,104(r1)
-	std r28,112(r1)
-	std r29,120(r1)
-	std r30,128(r1)
-	std r31,136(r1)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+	; Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	; (Should we rather use red zone? See libphobos example.)
+	subi r1,r1,160
 
-	# Save return address
+	; Get LR
 	mflr r0
-	std r0,144(r1)
 
-	# Save stack pointer to first argument
+	; Save caller registers
+	std r31,0(r1)
+	std r30,8(r1)
+	std r29,16(r1)
+	std r28,24(r1)
+	std r27,32(r1)
+	std r26,40(r1)
+	std r25,48(r1)
+	std r24,56(r1)
+	std r23,64(r1)
+	std r22,72(r1)
+	std r21,80(r1)
+	std r20,88(r1)
+	std r19,96(r1)
+	std r18,104(r1)
+	std r17,112(r1)
+	std r16,120(r1)
+	std r15,128(r1)
+	std r14,136(r1)
+	std r13,144(r1)
+
+	; Save return address
+	; Possibly should rather be saved into linkage area, see libphobos and IBM docs
+	std r0,152(r1)
+
+	; Save stack pointer to first argument
 	std r1,0(r3)
 
-	# Load stack pointer from second argument
+	; Load stack pointer from second argument
 	ld r1,0(r4)
 
-	# Restore caller registers
-	ld r14,0(r1)
-	ld r15,8(r1)
-	ld r16,16(r1)
-	ld r17,24(r1)
-	ld r18,32(r1)
-	ld r19,40(r1)
-	ld r20,48(r1)
-	ld r21,56(r1)
-	ld r22,64(r1)
-	ld r23,72(r1)
-	ld r24,80(r1)
-	ld r25,88(r1)
-	ld r26,96(r1)
-	ld r27,104(r1)
-	ld r28,112(r1)
-	ld r29,120(r1)
-	ld r30,128(r1)
-	ld r31,136(r1)
+	; Load return address
+	ld r0,152(r1)
+
+	; Restore caller registers
+	ld r13,144(r1)
+	ld r14,136(r1)
+	ld r15,128(r1)
+	ld r16,120(r1)
+	ld r17,112(r1)
+	ld r18,104(r1)
+	ld r19,96(r1)
+	ld r20,88(r1)
+	ld r21,80(r1)
+	ld r22,72(r1)
+	ld r23,64(r1)
+	ld r24,56(r1)
+	ld r25,48(r1)
+	ld r26,40(r1)
+	ld r27,32(r1)
+	ld r28,24(r1)
+	ld r29,16(r1)
+	ld r30,8(r1)
+	ld r31,0(r1)
 
-	# Load return address
-	ld r0,144(r1)
+	; Set LR
 	mtlr r0
 
-	# Pop stack frame
-	addi r1,r1,152
+	; Pop stack frame
+	addi r1,r1,160
 
-	# Jump to return address
+	; Jump to return address
 	blr
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64/Context.h b/coroutine/ppc64/Context.h
index 5b47511b9c..3e6f77f55a 100644
--- a/coroutine/ppc64/Context.h
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64/Context.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 enum {
   COROUTINE_REGISTERS =
-  19  /* 18 general purpose registers (r14–r31) and 1 return address */
+  20  /* 19 general purpose registers (r13–r31) and 1 return address */
   + 4  /* space for fiber_entry() to store the link register */
 };
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static inline void coroutine_initialize(
     memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
 
     /* Skip a global prologue that sets the TOC register */
-    context->stack_pointer[18] = ((char*)start) + 8;
+    context->stack_pointer[19] = ((char*)start) + 8;
 }
 
 struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
diff --git a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
index 43e92a27f0..f342d2fcf7 100644
--- a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+++ b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ gnumake = yes
 
 include Makefile
 
+MUNICODE_FLAG := $(if $(filter mingw%,$(target_os)),-municode)
+override EXE_LDFLAGS += $(MUNICODE_FLAG)
+
 DLLWRAP = @DLLWRAP@ --target=$(target_os) --driver-name="$(CC)"
 windres-cpp := $(CPP) -xc
 windres-cpp := --preprocessor=$(firstword $(windres-cpp)) \
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ $(PROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.$(OBJEXT)
 $(WPROGRAM): $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res.$(OBJEXT)
 	@rm -f $@
 	$(ECHO) linking $@
-	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) -mwindows -e $(SYMBOL_PREFIX)mainCRTStartup $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
+	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(MUNICODE_FLAG) -mwindows -e $(SYMBOL_PREFIX)mainCRTStartup $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
 	  $(MAINOBJ) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS) -o $@
 $(STUBPROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.$(OBJEXT)
 
diff --git a/debug_counter.c b/debug_counter.c
index 0fd0e20c6d..463bebf849 100644
--- a/debug_counter.c
+++ b/debug_counter.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
 
-static const char *const debug_counter_names[] = {
+const char *const rb_debug_counter_names[] = {
 #define DEBUG_COUNTER_NAME_EMPTY "" /* Suppress -Wstring-concatenation */
     DEBUG_COUNTER_NAME_EMPTY
 #undef DEBUG_COUNTER_NAME_EMPTY
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static const char *const debug_counter_names[] = {
 };
 
 MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
-size_t rb_debug_counter[numberof(debug_counter_names)];
+size_t rb_debug_counter[numberof(rb_debug_counter_names)];
 void rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add);
 MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
@@ -56,17 +56,7 @@ void
 ruby_debug_counter_reset(void)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
-        switch (i) {
-          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_unit_queue:
-          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_active_units:
-          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_compact_units:
-          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_stale_units:
-            // These counters may be decreased and should not be reset.
-            break;
-          default:
-            rb_debug_counter[i] = 0;
-            break;
-        }
+        rb_debug_counter[i] = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +67,7 @@ ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr)
     int i;
     if (names_ptr != NULL) {
         for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
-            names_ptr[i] = debug_counter_names[i];
+            names_ptr[i] = rb_debug_counter_names[i];
         }
     }
     if (counters_ptr != NULL) {
@@ -107,7 +97,7 @@ rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg)
         fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%d %s\n", getpid(), msg);
         for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
             fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%-30s\t%'14"PRIuSIZE"\n",
-                    debug_counter_names[i],
+                    rb_debug_counter_names[i],
                     rb_debug_counter[i]);
         }
     }
diff --git a/debug_counter.h b/debug_counter.h
index c6f4176e97..6e0b8dee60 100644
--- a/debug_counter.h
+++ b/debug_counter.h
@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2R)
 /* instance variable counts
  *
  * * ivar_get_ic_hit/miss: ivar_get inline cache (ic) hit/miss counts (VM insn)
- * * ivar_get_ic_miss_serial: ivar_get ic miss reason by serial (VM insn)
  * * ivar_get_ic_miss_unset:                      ... by unset (VM insn)
  * * ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject:                   ... by "not T_OBJECT" (VM insn)
  * * ivar_set_...: same counts with ivar_set (VM insn)
@@ -140,17 +139,17 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2R)
  */
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_hit)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_serial)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_unset)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_hit)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_serial)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_unset)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_iv_hit)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_noobject)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_base)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_base)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_set)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_cc_miss_set)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_unset)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_cc_miss_unset)
 
 /* local variable counts
  *
@@ -244,6 +243,7 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_wb_unprotect)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_embed)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_transient)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_too_complex)
 
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_ptr)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_embed)
@@ -347,41 +347,6 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_nb)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_cr)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_barrier)
 
-/* jit_exec() counts */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(jit_exec)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_added)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_ready)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_compiled)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_call_func)
-
-/* MJIT enqueue / unload */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_add_iseq_to_process)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_unload_units)
-
-/* MJIT <-> VM frame push counts */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2VM)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2JT)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2JT)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2VM)
-
-/* MJIT cancel counters */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_ivar_inline)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_exivar_inline)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_send_inline)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_opt_insn) /* CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_invalidate_all)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_leave)
-
-/* rb_mjit_unit_list length */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_unit_queue)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_active_units)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_compact_units)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_stale_units)
-
-/* Other MJIT counters */
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_compile_failures)
-
 /* load (not implemented yet) */
 /*
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(load_files)
diff --git a/defs/gmake.mk b/defs/gmake.mk
index cebb181fd1..54fef6685f 100644
--- a/defs/gmake.mk
+++ b/defs/gmake.mk
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ INSTRUBY_ENV += SDKROOT=
 endif
 INSTRUBY_ARGS += --gnumake
 
+ifeq ($(DOT_WAIT),)
 CHECK_TARGETS := great exam love check test check% test% btest%
 # expand test targets, and those dependents
 TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(CHECK_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out commit $(TEST_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst great,exam,$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out great $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst exam,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
-TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst check,test-spec test-all test-tool test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst check,test-syntax-suggest test-spec test-all test-tool test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-rubyspec,test-spec,$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out exam check test-spec $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst love,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
@@ -39,8 +40,10 @@ TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-short,btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic,$(TEST
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-bundled-gems,test-bundled-gems-run,$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-bundled-gems-run,test-bundled-gems-run $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS),$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-bundled-gems-prepare,test-bundled-gems-prepare $(PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS) test-bundled-gems-fetch,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-syntax-suggest,test-syntax-suggest $(PREPARE_SYNTAX_SUGGEST),$(TEST_TARGETS))
 TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test-short $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
 TEST_DEPENDS += $(if $(filter great exam love check,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),all exts)
+endif
 
 in-srcdir := $(if $(filter-out .,$(srcdir)),$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) &&)
 
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ $(foreach arch,$(arch_flags),\
 	$(eval $(call archcmd,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(value arch)),$(patsubst -arch=%,-arch %,$(value arch)))))
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(DOT_WAIT),)
 .PHONY: $(addprefix yes-,$(TEST_TARGETS))
 
 ifneq ($(filter-out btest%,$(TEST_TARGETS)),)
@@ -80,7 +84,8 @@ endif
 ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(TEST_TARGETS), \
 	btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic \
 	test-testframework test-tool test-ruby test-all \
-	test-spec test-bundler-prepare test-bundler test-bundler-parallel \
+	test-spec test-syntax-suggest-prepare test-syntax-suggest \
+	test-bundler-prepare test-bundler test-bundler-parallel \
 	test-bundled-gems-precheck test-bundled-gems-fetch \
 	test-bundled-gems-prepare test-bundled-gems-run \
 	)
@@ -88,6 +93,7 @@ prev_test := $(if $(filter test-spec,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS)),test-spec-precheck
 $(foreach test,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS), \
 	$(eval yes-$(value test) no-$(value test): $(value prev_test)); \
 	$(eval prev_test := $(value test)))
+endif
 
 ifneq ($(if $(filter install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))),)
 install-targets := $(filter install uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
@@ -264,8 +270,6 @@ HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = \
 	"  update-github:         merge master branch and push it to Pull Request [PR=1234]" \
 	""
 
-extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems)
-
 # 1. squeeze spaces
 # 2. strip and skip comment/empty lines
 # 3. "gem x.y.z URL xxxxxx" -> "gem|x.y.z|xxxxxx|URL"
@@ -282,8 +286,18 @@ bundled-gems := $(shell sed \
 bundled-gems-rev := $(filter-out $(subst |,,$(bundled-gems)),$(bundled-gems))
 bundled-gems := $(filter-out $(bundled-gems-rev),$(bundled-gems))
 
+# calls $(1) with name, version, revision, URL
+foreach-bundled-gems-rev = \
+    $(foreach g,$(bundled-gems-rev),$(call foreach-bundled-gems-rev-0,$(1),$(subst |, ,$(value g))))
+foreach-bundled-gems-rev-0 = \
+    $(call $(1),$(word 1,$(2)),$(word 2,$(2)),$(word 3,$(2)),$(word 4,$(2)))
+bundled-gem-gemfile = $(srcdir)/gems/$(1)-$(2).gem
+bundled-gem-srcdir = $(srcdir)/gems/src/$(1)
+bundled-gem-extracted = $(srcdir)/.bundle/gems/$(1)-$(2)
+
 update-gems: | $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/gems/%.gem,$(bundled-gems))
-update-gems: | $(foreach g,$(bundled-gems-rev),$(srcdir)/gems/src/$(word 1,$(subst |, ,$(value g))))
+update-gems: | $(call foreach-bundled-gems-rev,bundled-gem-gemfile)
+update-gems: | $(call foreach-bundled-gems-rev,bundled-gem-srcdir)
 
 test-bundler-precheck: | $(srcdir)/.bundle/cache
 
@@ -303,8 +317,7 @@ $(srcdir)/gems/%.gem:
 	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})'
 
 extract-gems: | $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/.bundle/gems/%,$(bundled-gems))
-extract-gems: | $(foreach g,$(bundled-gems-rev), \
-	$(srcdir)/.bundle/gems/$(word 1,$(subst |, ,$(value g)))-$(word 2,$(subst |, ,$(value g))))
+extract-gems: | $(call foreach-bundled-gems-rev,bundled-gem-extracted)
 
 $(srcdir)/.bundle/gems/%: $(srcdir)/gems/%.gem | .bundle/gems
 	$(ECHO) Extracting bundle gem $*...
@@ -329,10 +342,10 @@ $(srcdir)/.bundle/gems/$(1)-$(2): | $(srcdir)/gems/src/$(1) .bundle/gems
 
 endef
 define copy-gem-0
-$(call copy-gem,$(word 1,$(1)),$(word 2,$(1)),$(word 3,$(1)),$(word 4,$(1)))
+$(eval $(call copy-gem,$(1),$(2),$(3),$(4)))
 endef
 
-$(foreach g,$(bundled-gems-rev),$(eval $(call copy-gem-0,$(subst |, ,$(value g)))))
+$(call foreach-bundled-gems-rev,copy-gem-0)
 
 $(srcdir)/gems/src:
 	$(MAKEDIRS) $@
@@ -372,15 +385,22 @@ $(MJIT_MIN_HEADER): $(mjit_min_headers) $(PREP)
 
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(if $(wildcard $(filter-out .,$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES))),,\
-	   $(wildcard $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb)),)
-# Needs the dependency when any Unicode data file exists, or
-# normalization tables script doesn't.  Otherwise, when the target
-# only exists, use it as-is.
-.PHONY: $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
-UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP =
-$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: \
-	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+.SECONDARY: update-unicode-files
+.SECONDARY: update-unicode-auxiliary-files
+.SECONDARY: update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files
+.SECONDARY: update-unicode-emoji-files
+
+ifeq ($(HAVE_GIT),yes)
+REVISION_LATEST := $(shell $(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(GIT) log -1 --format=%H 2>/dev/null)
+else
+REVISION_LATEST := update
+endif
+REVISION_IN_HEADER := $(shell sed -n 's/^\#define RUBY_FULL_REVISION "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $(wildcard $(srcdir)/revision.h revision.h) /dev/null 2>/dev/null)
+ifeq ($(REVISION_IN_HEADER),)
+REVISION_IN_HEADER := none
+endif
+ifneq ($(REVISION_IN_HEADER),$(REVISION_LATEST))
+$(REVISION_H): PHONY
 endif
 
 include $(top_srcdir)/yjit/yjit.mk
diff --git a/defs/id.def b/defs/id.def
index 94af02b12f..ebf00506ea 100644
--- a/defs/id.def
+++ b/defs/id.def
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   quo
   name
   nil
+  path
 
   _                                                     UScore
 
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   "/*NULL*/"                                            NULL
   empty?
   eql?
+  default
   respond_to?                                           Respond_to
   respond_to_missing?                                   Respond_to_missing
   <IFUNC>
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index a3ea5eea50..3f73f83fc5 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2305,7 +2305,7 @@ glob_helper(
 #endif
             break;
           case BRACE:
-            if (!recursive) {
+            if (!recursive || strchr(p->str, '/')) {
                 brace = 1;
             }
             break;
@@ -2932,7 +2932,7 @@ dir_globs(VALUE args, VALUE base, int flags)
 static VALUE
 dir_glob_option_base(VALUE base)
 {
-    if (base == Qundef || NIL_P(base)) {
+    if (NIL_OR_UNDEF_P(base)) {
         return Qnil;
     }
 #if USE_OPENDIR_AT
@@ -3343,7 +3343,7 @@ rb_dir_s_empty_p(VALUE obj, VALUE dirname)
 
     result = (VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_dir_empty_p, (void *)path,
                                             RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
-    if (result == Qundef) {
+    if (UNDEF_P(result)) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
     }
     return result;
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c

path: root/lib/optparse/uri.rb

# -*- ruby -*-

require 'optparse'
require 'uri'

OptionParser.accept(URI) {|s,| URI.parse(s) if s}