summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/lib/ipaddr.rb
blob: b8befe849926f8e9322405b061498fb9f4d9d9f2 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
#
# ipaddr.rb - A class to manipulate an IP address
#
# Copyright (c) 2002 Hajimu UMEMOTO <ume@mahoroba.org>.
# All rights reserved.
#
# You can redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
#
# $Id$
#--
# TODO:
#   - scope_id support
#++
#
#== Example
#
#  require 'ipaddr'
#
#  ipaddr1 = IPAddr.new "3ffe:505:2::1"
#
#  p ipaddr1			#=> #<IPAddr: IPv6:3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff>
#
#  p ipaddr1.to_s		#=> "3ffe:505:2::1"
#
#  ipaddr2 = ipaddr1.mask(48)	#=> #<IPAddr: IPv6:3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000>
#
#  p ipaddr2.to_s		#=> "3ffe:505:2::"
#
#  ipaddr3 = IPAddr.new "192.168.2.0/24"
#
#  p ipaddr3			#=> #<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0>

require 'socket'

# IPAddr provides a set of methods to manipulate an IP address.  Both
# IPv4 and IPv6 are supported.
class IPAddr

  IN4MASK = 0xffffffff
  IN6MASK = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
  IN6FORMAT = (["%.4x"] * 8).join(':')

  # Returns the address family of this IP address.
  attr :family

  # Creates a new ipaddr containing the given network byte ordered
  # string form of an IP address.
  def IPAddr::new_ntoh(addr)
    return IPAddr.new(IPAddr::ntop(addr))
  end

  # Convert a network byte ordered string form of an IP address into
  # human readable form.
  def IPAddr::ntop(addr)
    case addr.size
    when 4
      s = addr.unpack('C4').join('.')
    when 16
      s = IN6FORMAT % addr.unpack('n8')
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported address family"
    end
    return s
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise AND.
  def &(other)
    return self.clone.set(@addr & other.to_i)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise OR.
  def |(other)
    return self.clone.set(@addr | other.to_i)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise right-shift.
  def >>(num)
    return self.clone.set(@addr >> num)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise left shift.
  def <<(num)
    return self.clone.set(addr_mask(@addr << num))
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise negation.
  def ~
    return self.clone.set(addr_mask(~@addr))
  end

  # Returns true if two ipaddr are equal.
  def ==(other)
    if other.kind_of?(IPAddr) && @family != other.family
      return false
    end
    return (@addr == other.to_i)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by masking IP address with the given
  # prefixlen/netmask. (e.g. 8, 64, "255.255.255.0", etc.)
  def mask(prefixlen)
    return self.clone.mask!(prefixlen)
  end

  # Returns true if the given ipaddr is in the range.
  #
  # e.g.:
  #   require 'ipaddr'
  #   net1 = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0/24")
  #   p net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0"))	#=> true
  #   p net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.2.255"))	#=> true
  #   p net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.3.0"))	#=> false
  def include?(other)
    if ipv4_mapped?
      if (@mask_addr >> 32) != 0xffffffffffffffffffffffff
	return false
      end
      mask_addr = (@mask_addr & IN4MASK)
      addr = (@addr & IN4MASK)
      family = Socket::AF_INET
    else
      mask_addr = @mask_addr
      addr = @addr
      family = @family
    end
    if other.kind_of?(IPAddr)
      if other.ipv4_mapped?
	other_addr = (other.to_i & IN4MASK)
	other_family = Socket::AF_INET
      else
	other_addr = other.to_i
	other_family = other.family
      end
    else # Not IPAddr - assume integer in same family as us
      other_addr   = other.to_i
      other_family = family
    end

    if family != other_family
      return false
    end
    return ((addr & mask_addr) == (other_addr & mask_addr))
  end
  alias === include?

  # Returns the integer representation of the ipaddr.
  def to_i
    return @addr
  end

  # Returns a string containing the IP address representation.
  def to_s
    return IPSocket.getaddress(to_string)
  end

  # Returns a string containing the IP address representation in
  # canonical form.
  def to_string
    return _to_string(@addr)
  end

  # Returns a network byte ordered string form of the IP address.
  def hton
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      return [@addr].pack('N')
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      return (0..7).map { |i|
	(@addr >> (112 - 16 * i)) & 0xffff
      }.pack('n8')
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
  end

  # Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4 address.
  def ipv4?
    return @family == Socket::AF_INET
  end

  # Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv6 address.
  def ipv6?
    return @family == Socket::AF_INET6
  end

  # Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
  def ipv4_mapped?
    return ipv6? && (@addr >> 32) == 0xffff
  end

  # Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address.
  def ipv4_compat?
    if !ipv6? || (@addr >> 32) != 0
      return false
    end
    a = (@addr & IN4MASK)
    return a != 0 && a != 1
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the native IPv4 address
  # into an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
  def ipv4_mapped
    if !ipv4?
      raise ArgumentError, "not an IPv4 address"
    end
    return self.clone.set(@addr | 0xffff00000000, Socket::AF_INET6)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the native IPv4 address
  # into an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address.
  def ipv4_compat
    if !ipv4?
      raise ArgumentError, "not an IPv4 address"
    end
    return self.clone.set(@addr, Socket::AF_INET6)
  end

  # Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the IPv6 address into a
  # native IPv4 address.  If the IP address is not an IPv4-mapped or
  # IPv4-compatible IPv6 address, returns self.
  def native
    if !ipv4_mapped? && !ipv4_compat?
      return self
    end
    return self.clone.set(@addr & IN4MASK, Socket::AF_INET)
  end

  # Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup.  It returns a string in
  # RFC3172 form for an IPv6 address.
  def reverse
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      return _reverse + ".in-addr.arpa"
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      return ip6_arpa
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
  end

  # Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC3172.
  def ip6_arpa
    if !ipv6?
      raise ArgumentError, "not an IPv6 address"
    end
    return _reverse + ".ip6.arpa"
  end

  # Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC1886.
  def ip6_int
    if !ipv6?
      raise ArgumentError, "not an IPv6 address"
    end
    return _reverse + ".ip6.int"
  end

  # Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the
  # ipaddr. ("#<IPAddr: family:address/mask>")
  def inspect
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      af = "IPv4"
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      af = "IPv6"
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
    return sprintf("#<%s: %s:%s/%s>", self.class.name,
		   af, _to_string(@addr), _to_string(@mask_addr))
  end

  protected

  def set(addr, *family)
    case family[0] ? family[0] : @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      if addr < 0 || addr > IN4MASK
	raise ArgumentError, "invalid address"
      end
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      if addr < 0 || addr > IN6MASK
	raise ArgumentError, "invalid address"
      end
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported address family"
    end
    @addr = addr
    if family[0]
      @family = family[0]
    end
    return self
  end

  def mask!(mask)
    if mask.kind_of?(String)
      if mask =~ /^\d+$/
	prefixlen = mask.to_i
      else
	m = IPAddr.new(mask)
	if m.family != @family
	  raise ArgumentError, "address family is not same"
	end
	@mask_addr = m.to_i
	@addr &= @mask_addr
	return self
      end
    else
      prefixlen = mask
    end
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      if prefixlen < 0 || prefixlen > 32
	raise ArgumentError, "invalid length"
      end
      masklen = 32 - prefixlen
      @mask_addr = ((IN4MASK >> masklen) << masklen)
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      if prefixlen < 0 || prefixlen > 128
	raise ArgumentError, "invalid length"
      end
      masklen = 128 - prefixlen
      @mask_addr = ((IN6MASK >> masklen) << masklen)
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
    @addr = ((@addr >> masklen) << masklen)
    return self
  end

  private

  # Creates a new ipaddr containing the given human readable form of
  # an IP address.  It also accepts `address/prefixlen' and
  # `address/mask'.  When prefixlen or mask is specified, it returns a
  # masked ipaddr.  IPv6 address may beenclosed with `[' and `]'.
  #
  # Although an address family is determined automatically from a
  # specified address, you can specify an address family explicitly by
  # the optional second argument.
  def initialize(addr = '::', family = Socket::AF_UNSPEC)
    if !addr.kind_of?(String)
      if family != Socket::AF_INET6 && family != Socket::AF_INET
	raise ArgumentError, "unsupported address family"
      end
      set(addr, family)
      @mask_addr = (family == Socket::AF_INET) ? IN4MASK : IN6MASK
      return
    end
    prefix, prefixlen = addr.split('/')
    if prefix =~ /^\[(.*)\]$/i
      prefix = $1
      family = Socket::AF_INET6
    end
    # It seems AI_NUMERICHOST doesn't do the job.
    #Socket.getaddrinfo(left, nil, Socket::AF_INET6, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, nil,
    #		       Socket::AI_NUMERICHOST)
    begin
      IPSocket.getaddress(prefix)		# test if address is vaild
    rescue
      raise ArgumentError, "invalid address"
    end
    @addr = @family = nil
    if family == Socket::AF_UNSPEC || family == Socket::AF_INET
      @addr = in_addr(prefix)
      if @addr
	@family = Socket::AF_INET
      end
    end
    if !@addr && (family == Socket::AF_UNSPEC || family == Socket::AF_INET6)
      @addr = in6_addr(prefix)
      @family = Socket::AF_INET6
    end
    if family != Socket::AF_UNSPEC && @family != family
      raise ArgumentError, "address family unmatch"
    end
    if prefixlen
      mask!(prefixlen)
    else
      @mask_addr = (family == Socket::AF_INET) ? IN4MASK : IN6MASK
    end
  end

  def in_addr(addr)
    if addr =~ /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/
      n = 0
      addr.split('.').each { |i|
	n <<= 8
	n += i.to_i
      }
      return n
    end
    return nil
  end

  def in6_addr(left)
    case left
    when /^::ffff:(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$/i
      return in_addr($1) + 0xffff00000000
    when /^::(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$/i
      return in_addr($1)
    when /[^0-9a-f:]/i
      raise ArgumentError, "invalid address"
    when /^(.*)::(.*)$/
      left, right = $1, $2
    else
      right = ''
    end
    l = left.split(':')
    r = right.split(':')
    rest = 8 - l.size - r.size
    if rest < 0
      return nil
    end
    a = [l, Array.new(rest, '0'), r].flatten!
    n = 0
    a.each { |i|
      n <<= 16
      n += i.hex
    }
    return n
  end

  def addr_mask(addr)
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      addr &= IN4MASK
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      addr &= IN6MASK
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
    return addr
  end

  def _reverse
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      return (0..3).map { |i|
	(@addr >> (8 * i)) & 0xff
      }.join('.')
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      return ("%.32x" % @addr).reverse!.gsub!(/.(?!$)/, '\&.')
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
  end

  def _to_string(addr)
    case @family
    when Socket::AF_INET
      return (0..3).map { |i|
	(addr >> (24 - 8 * i)) & 0xff
      }.join('.')
    when Socket::AF_INET6
      return (("%.32x" % addr).gsub!(/.{4}(?!$)/, '\&:'))
    else
      raise "unsupported address family"
    end
  end

end

if $0 == __FILE__
  eval DATA.read, nil, $0, __LINE__+4
end

__END__

require 'test/unit'
require 'test/unit/ui/console/testrunner'

class TC_IPAddr < Test::Unit::TestCase
  def test_s_new
    assert_nothing_raised {
      IPAddr.new("3FFE:505:ffff::/48")
      IPAddr.new("0:0:0:1::")
      IPAddr.new("2001:200:300::/48")
    }

    a = IPAddr.new
    assert_equal("::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)

    a = IPAddr.new("0123:4567:89ab:cdef:0ABC:DEF0:1234:5678")
    assert_equal("123:4567:89ab:cdef:abc:def0:1234:5678", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("0123:4567:89ab:cdef:0abc:def0:1234:5678", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)

    a = IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::/48")
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)
    assert_equal(false, a.ipv4?)
    assert_equal(true, a.ipv6?)
    assert_equal("#<IPAddr: IPv6:3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000>", a.inspect)

    a = IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::/ffff:ffff:ffff::")
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)

    a = IPAddr.new("0.0.0.0")
    assert_equal("0.0.0.0", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("0.0.0.0", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, a.family)

    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.1.2")
    assert_equal("192.168.1.2", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("192.168.1.2", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, a.family)
    assert_equal(true, a.ipv4?)
    assert_equal(false, a.ipv6?)

    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.1.2/24")
    assert_equal("192.168.1.0", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("192.168.1.0", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, a.family)
    assert_equal("#<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0>", a.inspect)

    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.1.2/255.255.255.0")
    assert_equal("192.168.1.0", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("192.168.1.0", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, a.family)

    assert_equal("0:0:0:1::", IPAddr.new("0:0:0:1::").to_s)
    assert_equal("2001:200:300::", IPAddr.new("2001:200:300::/48").to_s)

    assert_equal("2001:200:300::", IPAddr.new("[2001:200:300::]/48").to_s)

    [
      ["fe80::1%fxp0"],
      ["::1/255.255.255.0"],
      ["::1:192.168.1.2/120"],
      [IPAddr.new("::1").to_i],
      ["::ffff:192.168.1.2/120", Socket::AF_INET],
      ["[192.168.1.2]/120"],
    ].each { |args|
      assert_raises(ArgumentError) {
	IPAddr.new(*args)
      }
    }
  end

  def test_s_new_ntoh
    addr = ''
    IPAddr.new("1234:5678:9abc:def0:1234:5678:9abc:def0").hton.each_byte { |c|
      addr += sprintf("%02x", c)
    }
    assert_equal("123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0", addr)
    addr = ''
    IPAddr.new("123.45.67.89").hton.each_byte { |c|
      addr += sprintf("%02x", c)
    }
    assert_equal(sprintf("%02x%02x%02x%02x", 123, 45, 67, 89), addr)
    a = IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::")
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", IPAddr.new_ntoh(a.hton).to_s)
    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.1")
    assert_equal("192.168.2.1", IPAddr.new_ntoh(a.hton).to_s)
  end

  def test_ipv4_compat
    a = IPAddr.new("::192.168.1.2")
    assert_equal("::192.168.1.2", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c0a8:0102", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)
    assert_equal(true, a.ipv4_compat?)
    b = a.native
    assert_equal("192.168.1.2", b.to_s)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, b.family)
    assert_equal(false, b.ipv4_compat?)

    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.1.2")
    b = a.ipv4_compat
    assert_equal("::192.168.1.2", b.to_s)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, b.family)
  end

  def test_ipv4_mapped
    a = IPAddr.new("::ffff:192.168.1.2")
    assert_equal("::ffff:192.168.1.2", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:c0a8:0102", a.to_string)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, a.family)
    assert_equal(true, a.ipv4_mapped?)
    b = a.native
    assert_equal("192.168.1.2", b.to_s)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, b.family)
    assert_equal(false, b.ipv4_mapped?)

    a = IPAddr.new("192.168.1.2")
    b = a.ipv4_mapped
    assert_equal("::ffff:192.168.1.2", b.to_s)
    assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, b.family)
  end

  def test_reverse
    assert_equal("f.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.5.0.5.0.e.f.f.3.ip6.arpa", IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::f").reverse)
    assert_equal("1.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa", IPAddr.new("192.168.2.1").reverse)
  end

  def test_ip6_arpa
    assert_equal("f.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.5.0.5.0.e.f.f.3.ip6.arpa", IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::f").ip6_arpa)
    assert_raises(ArgumentError) {
      IPAddr.new("192.168.2.1").ip6_arpa
    }
  end

  def test_ip6_int
    assert_equal("f.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.5.0.5.0.e.f.f.3.ip6.int", IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::f").ip6_int)
    assert_raises(ArgumentError) {
      IPAddr.new("192.168.2.1").ip6_int
    }
  end

end

class TC_Operator < Test::Unit::TestCase

  IN6MASK32  = "ffff:ffff::"
  IN6MASK128 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"

  def setup
    @in6_addr_any = IPAddr.new()
    @a = IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::/48")
    @b = IPAddr.new("0:0:0:1::")
    @c = IPAddr.new(IN6MASK32)
  end
  alias set_up setup

  def test_or
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2:1::", (@a | @b).to_s)
    a = @a
    a |= @b
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2:1::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", @a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2:1::",
		 (@a | 0x00000000000000010000000000000000).to_s)
  end

  def test_and
    assert_equal("3ffe:505::", (@a & @c).to_s)
    a = @a
    a &= @c
    assert_equal("3ffe:505::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", @a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505::", (@a & 0xffffffff000000000000000000000000).to_s)
  end

  def test_shift_right
    assert_equal("0:3ffe:505:2::", (@a >> 16).to_s)
    a = @a
    a >>= 16
    assert_equal("0:3ffe:505:2::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", @a.to_s)
  end

  def test_shift_left
    assert_equal("505:2::", (@a << 16).to_s)
    a = @a
    a <<= 16
    assert_equal("505:2::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", @a.to_s)
  end

  def test_carrot
    a = ~@in6_addr_any
    assert_equal(IN6MASK128, a.to_s)
    assert_equal("::", @in6_addr_any.to_s)
  end

  def test_equal
    assert_equal(true, @a == IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::"))
    assert_equal(false, @a == IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:3::"))
    assert_equal(true, @a != IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:3::"))
    assert_equal(false, @a != IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::"))
  end

  def test_mask
    a = @a.mask(32)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505::", a.to_s)
    assert_equal("3ffe:505:2::", @a.to_s)
  end

  def test_include?
    assert_equal(true, @a.include?(IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::")))
    assert_equal(true, @a.include?(IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:2::1")))
    assert_equal(false, @a.include?(IPAddr.new("3ffe:505:3::")))
    net1 = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0/24")
    assert_equal(true, net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0")))
    assert_equal(true, net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.2.255")))
    assert_equal(false, net1.include?(IPAddr.new("192.168.3.0")))
    # test with integer parameter
    int = (192 << 24) + (168 << 16) + (2 << 8) + 13

    assert_equal(true, net1.include?(int))
    assert_equal(false, net1.include?(int+255))

  end

end