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Returns a copy of self, possibly with a substring replaced.
Argument +pattern+ may be a string or a Regexp;
argument +replacement+ may be a string or a Hash.
Varying types for the argument values makes this method very versatile.
Below are some simple examples; for many more examples,
see {Substitution Methods}[rdoc-ref:String@Substitution+Methods].
With arguments +pattern+ and string +replacement+ given,
replaces the first matching substring with the given replacement string:
s = 'abracadabra' # => "abracadabra"
s.sub('bra', 'xyzzy') # => "axyzzycadabra"
s.sub(/bra/, 'xyzzy') # => "axyzzycadabra"
s.sub('nope', 'xyzzy') # => "abracadabra"
With arguments +pattern+ and hash +replacement+ given,
replaces the first matching substring with a value from the given replacement hash, or removes it:
h = {'a' => 'A', 'b' => 'B', 'c' => 'C'}
s.sub('b', h) # => "aBracadabra"
s.sub(/b/, h) # => "aBracadabra"
s.sub(/d/, h) # => "abracaabra" # 'd' removed.
With argument +pattern+ and a block given,
calls the block with each matching substring;
replaces that substring with the block’s return value:
s.sub('b') {|match| match.upcase } # => "aBracadabra"
Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
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