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Creates an array of substrings by splitting +self+
at each occurrence of the given field separator +field_sep+.
With no arguments given,
splits using the field separator <tt>$;</tt>,
whose default value is +nil+.
With no block given, returns the array of substrings:
'abracadabra'.split('a') # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"]
When +field_sep+ is +nil+ or <tt>' '</tt> (a single space),
splits at each sequence of whitespace:
'foo bar baz'.split(nil) # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
'foo bar baz'.split(' ') # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
"foo \n\tbar\t\n baz".split(' ') # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
'foo bar baz'.split(' ') # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
''.split(' ') # => []
When +field_sep+ is an empty string,
splits at every character:
'abracadabra'.split('') # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
''.split('') # => []
'こんにちは'.split('') # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
When +field_sep+ is a non-empty string and different from <tt>' '</tt> (a single space),
uses that string as the separator:
'abracadabra'.split('a') # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"]
'abracadabra'.split('ab') # => ["", "racad", "ra"]
''.split('a') # => []
'こんにちは'.split('に') # => ["こん", "ちは"]
When +field_sep+ is a Regexp,
splits at each occurrence of a matching substring:
'abracadabra'.split(/ab/) # => ["", "racad", "ra"]
'1 + 1 == 2'.split(/\W+/) # => ["1", "1", "2"]
'abracadabra'.split(//) # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
If the \Regexp contains groups, their matches are included
in the returned array:
'1:2:3'.split(/(:)()()/, 2) # => ["1", ":", "", "", "2:3"]
Argument +limit+ sets a limit on the size of the returned array;
it also determines whether trailing empty strings are included in the returned array.
When +limit+ is zero,
there is no limit on the size of the array,
but trailing empty strings are omitted:
'abracadabra'.split('', 0) # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
'abracadabra'.split('a', 0) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"] # Empty string after last 'a' omitted.
When +limit+ is a positive integer,
there is a limit on the size of the array (no more than <tt>n - 1</tt> splits occur),
and trailing empty strings are included:
'abracadabra'.split('', 3) # => ["a", "b", "racadabra"]
'abracadabra'.split('a', 3) # => ["", "br", "cadabra"]
'abracadabra'.split('', 30) # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a", ""]
'abracadabra'.split('a', 30) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br", ""]
'abracadabra'.split('', 1) # => ["abracadabra"]
'abracadabra'.split('a', 1) # => ["abracadabra"]
When +limit+ is negative,
there is no limit on the size of the array,
and trailing empty strings are omitted:
'abracadabra'.split('', -1) # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a", ""]
'abracadabra'.split('a', -1) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br", ""]
If a block is given, it is called with each substring and returns +self+:
'foo bar baz'.split(' ') {|substring| p substring }
Output :
"foo"
"bar"
"baz"
Note that the above example is functionally equivalent to:
'foo bar baz'.split(' ').each {|substring| p substring }
Output :
"foo"
"bar"
"baz"
But the latter:
- Has poorer performance because it creates an intermediate array.
- Returns an array (instead of +self+).
Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non--5CString].
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