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# Ruby Hacking Guide
This document gives some helpful instructions which should make your experience as a Ruby core developer easier.
## Setup
### Make
It's common to want to compile things as quickly as possible. Ensuring `make` has the right `--jobs` flag will ensure all processors are utilized when building software projects To do this effectively, you can set `MAKEFLAGS` in your shell configuration/profile:
``` shell
# On macOS with Fish shell:
export MAKEFLAGS="--jobs "(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
# On macOS with Bash/ZSH shell:
export MAKEFLAGS="--jobs $(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)"
# On Linux with Fish shell:
export MAKEFLAGS="--jobs "(nproc)
# On Linux with Bash/ZSH shell:
export MAKEFLAGS="--jobs $(nproc)"
```
## Configure Ruby
It's generally advisable to use a build directory.
``` shell
./autogen.sh
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix $HOME/.rubies/ruby-head
make install
```
### Without Documentation
If you are frequently building Ruby, this will reduce the time it takes to `make install`.
``` shell
../configure --disable-install-doc
```
### Unexplainable Build Errors
If you are having unexplainable build errors, after saving all your work, try running `git clean -xfd` in the source root to remove all git ignored local files. If you are working from a source directory that's been updated several times, you may have temporary build artefacts from previous releases which can cause build failures.
## Running Ruby
### Run Local Test Script
You can create a file in the Ruby source root called `test.rb`. You can build `miniruby` and execute this script:
``` shell
make run
```
If you want more of the standard library, you can use `runruby` instead of `run`.
## Running Tests
You can run the following tests at once:
``` shell
make check
```
### Run Bootstrap Tests
There are a set of tests in `bootstraptest/` which cover most basic features of the core Ruby language.
``` shell
make test
```
### Run Extensive Tests
There are extensive tests in `test/` which cover a wide range of features of the Ruby core language.
``` shell
make test-all
```
You can run specific tests by specifying their path:
``` shell
make test-all TESTS=../test/fiber/test_io.rb
```
### Run Ruby Spec Suite Tests
The [Ruby Spec Suite](https://github.com/ruby/spec/) is a test suite that aims to provide an executable description for the behaviour of the language.
``` shell
make test-spec
```
### Building with Address Sanitizer
Using the address sanitizer is a great way to detect memory issues.
``` shell
> ./autogen.sh
> mkdir build && cd build
> export ASAN_OPTIONS="halt_on_error=0:use_sigaltstack=0:detect_leaks=0"
> ../configure cppflags="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer" optflags=-O0 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer"
> make
```
On Linux it is important to specify -O0 when debugging and this is especially true for ASAN which sometimes works incorrectly at higher optimisation levels.
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