0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.document b/.document
index 7d4dc02d4a..753d6f9892 100644
--- a/.document
+++ b/.document
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ marshal.rb
 numeric.rb
 nilclass.rb
 pack.rb
+pathname_builtin.rb
 ractor.rb
 string.rb
 symbol.rb
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ thread_sync.rb
 trace_point.rb
 warning.rb
 yjit.rb
+zjit.rb
 
 # Errno::*
 known_errors.inc
@@ -40,6 +42,9 @@ lib
 # and some of the ext/ directory (which has its own .document file)
 ext
 
+# For `prism`, ruby code is in lib and c in the prism folder
+prism
+
 # rdoc files
 NEWS.md
 
diff --git a/.gdbinit b/.gdbinit
index b3e12c2ce7..4457f6f12b 100644
--- a/.gdbinit
+++ b/.gdbinit
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ define rp
     printf "%sT_OBJECT%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print ((struct RObject *)($arg0))->basic
     if ($flags & ROBJECT_EMBED)
-      print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ (rb_shape_get_shape($arg0)->capacity)
+      print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ (RSHAPE_CAPACITY(rb_obj_shape_id($arg0)))
     else
       print (((struct RObject *)($arg0))->as.heap)
       if (((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.numiv) > 0
@@ -185,12 +185,14 @@ define rp
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_DATA
-    if ((struct RTypedData *)($arg0))->typed_flag == 1
-      printf "%sT_DATA%s(%s): ", $color_type, $color_end, ((struct RTypedData *)($arg0))->type->wrap_struct_name
-      print (struct RTypedData *)($arg0)
+    set $data = (struct RTypedData *)($arg0)
+    set $type = (const rb_data_type_t *)($data->type & ~1)
+    printf "%sT_DATA%s(%s): ", $color_type, $color_end, $type->wrap_struct_name
+    print *$type
+    if ($data->type & 1)
+      print (void *)&$data->data
     else
-      printf "%sT_DATA%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
-      print (struct RData *)($arg0)
+      print $data
     end
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MATCH
@@ -523,14 +525,14 @@ document rp_bignum
 end
 
 define rp_class
+  set $class_and_classext = (struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t *)($arg0)
   printf "(struct RClass *) %p", (void*)$arg0
-  if RCLASS_ORIGIN((struct RClass *)($arg0)) != $arg0
-    printf " -> %p", RCLASS_ORIGIN((struct RClass *)($arg0))
+  if $class_and_classext->classext->origin_ != (VALUE)$arg0
+    printf " -> %p", $class_and_classext->classext->origin_
   end
   printf "\n"
   rb_classname $arg0
-  print/x *(struct RClass *)($arg0)
-  print *RCLASS_EXT((struct RClass *)($arg0))
+  print/x *$class_and_classext
 end
 document rp_class
   Print the content of a Class/Module.
@@ -896,10 +898,10 @@ document rb_method_entry
 end
 
 define rb_classname
-  # up to 128bit int
-  set $rb_classname = rb_mod_name($arg0)
-  if $rb_classname != RUBY_Qnil
-    rp $rb_classname
+  set $rb_classname = ((struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t*)$arg0)->classext->classpath
+  if $rb_classname != RUBY_Qfalse
+    print_string $rb_classname
+    printf "\n"
   else
     echo anonymous class/module\n
   end
@@ -972,7 +974,7 @@ end
 
 define print_lineno
   set $cfp = $arg0
-  set $iseq = $cfp->iseq
+  set $iseq = rb_get_cfp_iseq($cfp)
   set $pos = $cfp->pc - $iseq->body->iseq_encoded
   if $pos != 0
     set $pos = $pos - 1
@@ -1053,7 +1055,7 @@ define print_id
   else
     set $serial = (rb_id_serial_t)$id
   end
-  if $serial && $serial <= ruby_global_symbols.last_id
+  if $serial && $serial < ruby_global_symbols.next_id
     set $idx = $serial / ID_ENTRY_UNIT
     set $ids = (struct RArray *)ruby_global_symbols.ids
     set $flags = $ids->basic.flags
@@ -1076,7 +1078,7 @@ define print_id
           set $aryptr = $ary->as.heap.ptr
           set $arylen = $ary->as.heap.len
         end
-        set $result = $aryptr[($serial % ID_ENTRY_UNIT) * ID_ENTRY_SIZE + $t]
+        set $result = $aryptr[($serial % ID_ENTRY_UNIT) + $t]
         if $result != RUBY_Qnil
           print_string $result
         else
@@ -1110,16 +1112,17 @@ define rb_ps_thread
   set $cfp = $ps_thread_th->ec->cfp
   set $cfpend = (rb_control_frame_t *)($ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack + $ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack_size)-1
   while $cfp < $cfpend
-    if $cfp->iseq
-      if !((VALUE)$cfp->iseq & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK) && (((imemo_ifunc << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_IMEMO)==$cfp->iseq->flags & ((RUBY_IMEMO_MASK << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_MASK))
+    if $cfp->_iseq
+      set $iseq = rb_get_cfp_iseq($cfp)
+      if !((VALUE)$iseq & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK) && (((imemo_ifunc << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_IMEMO)==$iseq->flags & ((RUBY_IMEMO_MASK << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_MASK))
         printf "%d:ifunc ", $cfpend-$cfp
         set print symbol-filename on
-        output/a $cfp->iseq.body
+        output/a $iseq.body
         set print symbol-filename off
         printf "\n"
       else
       if $cfp->pc
-        set $location = $cfp->iseq->body->location
+        set $location = $iseq->body->location
         printf "%d:", $cfpend-$cfp
         print_pathobj $location.pathobj
         printf ":"
@@ -1296,8 +1299,7 @@ end
 
 define print_flags
   printf "RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED: %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED ? "1" : "0"
-  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0 ? "1" : "0"
-  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED    : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FINALIZE ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_EXIVAR ? "1" : "0"
diff --git a/.git-blame-ignore-revs b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
index de62eb432a..d752612085 100644
--- a/.git-blame-ignore-revs
+++ b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ e63a2115f64433b21cb5dd67c5bf8b30f87ef293
 712ac99e4d0384a941c80a9f48f62943ba7d97c0
 d1474affa8e105bece209cc9d594bb0a989859e1
 2da92388b948821269b18d6b178a680f17e41750
+5062c0c621d887367af8a054e5e5d83d7ec57dd3
+
+# Indentation
+0e4bad888e605d424b9222ae0ca43f85c1634e5e
+61aa46c41648c6d1e9b0daa1a292de551fde78df
 
 # Enable Style/StringLiterals cop for RubyGems/Bundler
 d7ffd3fea402239b16833cc434404a7af82d44f3
@@ -34,3 +39,16 @@ d2c5867357ed88eccc28c2b3bd4a46e206e7ff85
 # Miss-and-revived commits
 a0f7de814ae5c299d6ce99bed5fb308a05d50ba0
 d4e24021d39e1f80f0055b55d91f8d5f22e15084
+7a56c316418980b8a41fcbdc94067b2bda2ad112
+e90282be7ba1bc8e3119f6e1a2c80356ceb3f80a
+26a9e0b4e31f7b5a9cbd755e0a15823a8fa51bae
+2f53985da9ee593fe524d408256835667938c7d7
+bf01f6ae89a95d8f5572e050facfe311c8c28aaf
+7480cd8d37fd71a41ce12b759090051c7e14fb5a
+
+# Win32: EOL code of batch files
+23f9a0d655c4d405bb2397a147a1523436205486
+b839989fd22fef85e2af19de1bc83aa72a5b22bd
+
+# ZJIT cargo-insta snapshot raw string literals
+b78e0a6ddf7df8a7568ea71284f593423c739551
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index d0c2d266b4..f98c091e3f 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 *.gemspec diff=ruby
 *.rb diff=ruby
+*.inc.rs linguist-generated=true
 bin svn-properties=svn:ignore=ruby
 bin/* diff=ruby
 tool/update-deps diff=ruby
 tool/make-snapshot diff=ruby
 tool/format-release diff=ruby
 tool/leaked-globals diff=ruby
+
+# To strip CR from the batch files, set the `diff.dos.textconv` filter
+# like as `git config diff.dos.textconv $'sed \'s/\r$//\''`.
+*.bat diff=dos
+*.cmd diff=dos
diff --git a/.github/actions/capiext/action.yml b/.github/actions/capiext/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed69c8ac5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/capiext/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+name: rubyspec C-API extensions
+
+inputs:
+  builddir:
+    required: false
+    default: '.'
+  make:
+    required: false
+    default: 'make -s'
+
+outputs:
+  key:
+    value: >-
+      ${{
+      !steps.restore.outputs.cache-hit &&
+      github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' &&
+      steps.config.outputs.key
+      }}
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+
+  steps:
+    - id: config
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        eval $(grep -e '^arch *=' -e '^ruby_version *=' -e '^DLEXT *=' Makefile |
+            sed 's/ *= */=/')
+        case "${ruby_version}" in
+        *+*) key=capiexts-${arch}-${ruby_version}-${{ hashFiles('src/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/*.[ch]') }};;
+        *)   key=;;
+        esac
+        echo version=$ruby_version >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo key="$key" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo DLEXT=$DLEXT >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+
+    - name: Restore previous CAPI extensions
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # v4.2.4
+      id: cache
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.builddir }}/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/
+        key: ${{ steps.config.outputs.key }}
+      if: ${{ steps.config.outputs.key }}
+
+    - name: Run test-spec with previous CAPI extension binaries
+      id: check
+      shell: bash
+      run: | # zizmor: ignore[template-injection]
+        touch spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/*.$DLEXT
+        [ ! -f spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/\*.$DLEXT ]
+        ${{ inputs.make }} SPECOPTS=optional/capi test-spec
+      env:
+        DLEXT: ${{ steps.config.outputs.DLEXT }}
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+      if: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+
+    - name: Strip CAPI extensions
+      id: strip
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        rm -f spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/*.c
+        [ "$DLEXT" = bundle ] || # separated to .dSYM directories
+        strip spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/*.$DLEXT
+      env:
+        DLEXT: ${{ steps.config.outputs.DLEXT }}
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+      if: >-
+        ${{true
+        && ! steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit
+        && github.ref_name == 'master'
+        }}
+
+    - name: Save CAPI extensions
+      uses: actions/cache/save@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # v4.2.4
+      with:
+        path: ${{ inputs.builddir }}/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/
+        key: ${{ steps.config.outputs.key }}
+      if: ${{ steps.strip.outcome == 'success' }}
+
+    - shell: bash
+      run: |
+        echo "::error::Change from ${prev} detected; bump up ABI version"
+      env:
+        prev: ${{ steps.config.outputs.version }}
+      if: ${{ always() && steps.check.outcome == 'failure' }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/compilers/action.yml b/.github/actions/compilers/action.yml
index 30ccd25a12..c700bbfe9e 100644
--- a/.github/actions/compilers/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/compilers/action.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: >-
 inputs:
   tag:
     required: false
-    default: clang-18
+    default: clang-20
     description: >-
       container image tag to use in this run.
 
@@ -60,11 +60,17 @@ inputs:
     description: >-
       Whether to run `make check`
 
-  mspecopt:
+  test_all:
     required: false
     default: ''
     description: >-
-      Additional options for mspec.
+      Whether to run `make test-all` with options for test-all.
+
+  test_spec:
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+    description: >-
+      Whether to run `make test-spec` with options for mspec.
 
   static_exts:
     required: false
@@ -75,7 +81,9 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - shell: bash
-      run: docker pull --quiet 'ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${{ inputs.tag }}'
+      run: docker pull --quiet "ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${INPUT_TAG}"
+      env:
+        INPUT_TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
 
     - name: Enable Launchable conditionally
       id: enable-launchable
@@ -93,27 +101,28 @@ runs:
         docker run
         --rm
         --user=root
-        --volume '${{ github.workspace }}:/github/workspace:ro'
+        --volume "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:/github/workspace:ro"
         --workdir=/github/workspace
         --entrypoint=/github/workspace/.github/actions/compilers/entrypoint.sh
         --env CI
         --env GITHUB_ACTION
-        --env INPUT_WITH_GCC='${{ inputs.with_gcc || inputs.tag }}'
-        --env INPUT_CFLAGS='${{ inputs.CFLAGS }}'
-        --env INPUT_CXXFLAGS='${{ inputs.CXXFLAGS }}'
-        --env INPUT_OPTFLAGS='${{ inputs.OPTFLAGS }}'
-        --env INPUT_CPPFLAGS='${{ inputs.cppflags }}'
-        --env INPUT_APPEND_CONFIGURE='${{ inputs.append_configure }}'
-        --env INPUT_CHECK='${{ inputs.check }}'
-        --env INPUT_MSPECOPT='${{ inputs.mspecopt }}'
-        --env INPUT_ENABLE_SHARED='${{ inputs.enable_shared }}'
-        --env INPUT_STATIC_EXTS='${{ inputs.static_exts }}'
-        --env LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION='${{ github.repository_owner }}'
-        --env LAUNCHABLE_WORKSPACE='${{ github.event.repository.name }}'
-        --env LAUNCHABLE_ENABLED='${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable || false }}'
-        --env GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA='${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}'
-        --env GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL='${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}'
-        --env GITHUB_REF='${{ github.ref }}'
+        --env INPUT_WITH_GCC
+        --env INPUT_CFLAGS
+        --env INPUT_CXXFLAGS
+        --env INPUT_OPTFLAGS
+        --env INPUT_CPPFLAGS
+        --env INPUT_APPEND_CONFIGURE
+        --env INPUT_CHECK
+        --env INPUT_TEST_ALL
+        --env INPUT_TEST_SPEC
+        --env INPUT_ENABLE_SHARED
+        --env INPUT_STATIC_EXTS
+        --env LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION
+        --env LAUNCHABLE_WORKSPACE
+        --env LAUNCHABLE_ENABLED
+        --env GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA
+        --env GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL
+        --env GITHUB_REF
         --env GITHUB_ACTIONS
         --env GITHUB_RUN_ID
         --env GITHUB_REPOSITORY
@@ -123,4 +132,33 @@ runs:
         --env GITHUB_SHA
         --env GITHUB_HEAD_REF
         --env GITHUB_SERVER_URL
-        'ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${{ inputs.tag }}'
+        "ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${INPUT_TAG}"
+      env:
+        INPUT_TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+        INPUT_WITH_GCC: ${{ inputs.with_gcc || inputs.tag }}
+        INPUT_CFLAGS: ${{ inputs.CFLAGS }}
+        INPUT_CXXFLAGS: ${{ inputs.CXXFLAGS }}
+        INPUT_OPTFLAGS: ${{ inputs.OPTFLAGS }}
+        INPUT_CPPFLAGS: ${{ inputs.cppflags }}
+        INPUT_APPEND_CONFIGURE: ${{ inputs.append_configure }}
+        INPUT_CHECK: ${{ inputs.check }}
+        INPUT_TEST_ALL: ${{ inputs.test_all }}
+        INPUT_TEST_SPEC: ${{ inputs.test_spec }}
+        INPUT_ENABLE_SHARED: ${{ inputs.enable_shared }}
+        INPUT_STATIC_EXTS: ${{ inputs.static_exts }}
+        LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+        LAUNCHABLE_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
+        LAUNCHABLE_ENABLED: ${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable || false }}
+        GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+        GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+        GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+
+    # Clean up non-default docker images to save disk space.
+    # The default image (clang-20) is reused across multiple steps
+    # within the same job, so we keep it to avoid redundant pulls.
+    - name: clean up docker image
+      shell: bash
+      run: docker rmi "ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${INPUT_TAG}" || true
+      if: ${{ always() && inputs.tag != 'clang-20' }}
+      env:
+        INPUT_TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/compilers/entrypoint.sh b/.github/actions/compilers/entrypoint.sh
index c76c59da96..b554151091 100755
--- a/.github/actions/compilers/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/.github/actions/compilers/entrypoint.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export CONFIGURE_TTY='never'
 export RUBY_DEBUG='ci rgengc'
 export RUBY_TESTOPTS='-q --color=always --tty=no'
 export RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_DISABLE='1'
-export GNUMAKEFLAGS="-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))"
+export GNUMAKEFLAGS="-j$((1 + $(nproc)))"
 
 case "x${INPUT_ENABLE_SHARED}" in
 x | xno | xfalse )
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ grouped ${srcdir}/configure        \
     --enable-debug-env             \
     --disable-install-doc          \
     --with-ext=-test-/cxxanyargs,+ \
+    --without-git                  \
     ${enable_shared}               \
     ${INPUT_APPEND_CONFIGURE}      \
     CFLAGS="${INPUT_CFLAGS}"       \
@@ -70,98 +71,20 @@ if [[ -n "${INPUT_STATIC_EXTS}" ]]; then
     echo "::endgroup::"
 fi
 
-btests=''
-tests=''
-spec_opts=''
-
-# Launchable
-setup_launchable() {
-    pushd ${srcdir}
-    # Launchable creates .launchable file in the current directory, but cannot a file to ${srcdir} directory.
-    # As a workaround, we set LAUNCHABLE_SESSION_DIR to ${builddir}.
-    export LAUNCHABLE_SESSION_DIR=${builddir}
-    local github_ref="${GITHUB_REF//\//_}"
-    local build_name="${github_ref}"_"${GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA}"
-    btest_report_path='launchable_bootstraptest.json'
-    test_report_path='launchable_test_all.json'
-    test_spec_report_path='launchable_test_spec_report'
-    test_all_session_file='launchable_test_all_session.txt'
-    btest_session_file='launchable_btest_session.txt'
-    test_spec_session_file='launchable_test_spec_session.txt'
-    btests+=--launchable-test-reports="${btest_report_path}"
-    echo "::group::Setup Launchable"
-    launchable record build --name "${build_name}" || true
-    launchable record session \
-        --build "${build_name}" \
-        --flavor test_task=test \
-        --flavor workflow=Compilations \
-        --flavor with-gcc="${INPUT_WITH_GCC}" \
-        --flavor CFLAGS="${INPUT_CFLAGS}" \
-        --flavor CXXFLAGS="${INPUT_CXXFLAGS}" \
-        --flavor optflags="${INPUT_OPTFLAGS}" \
-        --flavor cppflags="${INPUT_CPPFLAGS}" \
-        --test-suite btest \
-        > "${builddir}"/${btest_session_file} \
-        || true
-    if [ "$INPUT_CHECK" = "true" ]; then
-        tests+=--launchable-test-reports="${test_report_path}"
-        launchable record session \
-            --build "${build_name}" \
-            --flavor test_task=test-all \
-            --flavor workflow=Compilations \
-            --flavor with-gcc="${INPUT_WITH_GCC}" \
-            --flavor CFLAGS="${INPUT_CFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor CXXFLAGS="${INPUT_CXXFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor optflags="${INPUT_OPTFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor cppflags="${INPUT_CPPFLAGS}" \
-            --test-suite test-all \
-            > "${builddir}"/${test_all_session_file} \
-            || true
-        mkdir "${builddir}"/"${test_spec_report_path}"
-        spec_opts+=--launchable-test-reports="${test_spec_report_path}"
-        launchable record session \
-            --build "${build_name}" \
-            --flavor test_task=test-spec \
-            --flavor workflow=Compilations \
-            --flavor with-gcc="${INPUT_WITH_GCC}" \
-            --flavor CFLAGS="${INPUT_CFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor CXXFLAGS="${INPUT_CXXFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor optflags="${INPUT_OPTFLAGS}" \
-            --flavor cppflags="${INPUT_CPPFLAGS}" \
-            --test-suite test-spec \
-            > "${builddir}"/${test_spec_session_file} \
-            || true
-    fi
-    echo "::endgroup::"
-    trap launchable_record_test EXIT
-}
-launchable_record_test() {
-    pushd "${builddir}"
-    grouped launchable record tests --session "$(cat "${btest_session_file}")" raw "${btest_report_path}" || true
-    if [ "$INPUT_CHECK" = "true" ]; then
-        grouped launchable record tests --session "$(cat "${test_all_session_file}")" raw "${test_report_path}" || true
-        grouped launchable record tests --session "$(cat "${test_spec_session_file}")" raw "${test_spec_report_path}"/* || true
-    fi
-}
-if [ "$LAUNCHABLE_ENABLED" = "true" ]; then
-    setup_launchable
+if [ -n "$INPUT_TEST_ALL" ]; then
+  tests=" -- $INPUT_TEST_ALL"
+else
+  tests=" -- ruby -ext-"
 fi
 
 pushd ${builddir}
 
 grouped make showflags
 grouped make all
-grouped make test BTESTS="${btests}"
-
-[[ -z "${INPUT_CHECK}" ]] && exit 0
-
-if [ "$INPUT_CHECK" = "true" ]; then
-  tests+=" -- ruby -ext-"
-else
-  tests+=" -- $INPUT_CHECK"
-fi
-
 # grouped make install
-grouped make test-tool
-grouped make test-all TESTS="$tests"
-grouped env CHECK_LEAKS=true make test-spec MSPECOPT="$INPUT_MSPECOPT" SPECOPTS="${spec_opts}"
+
+# Run only `make test` by default. Run other tests if specified.
+grouped make test
+if [[ -n "$INPUT_CHECK" ]]; then grouped make test-tool; fi
+if [[ -n "$INPUT_CHECK" || -n "$INPUT_TEST_ALL" ]]; then grouped make test-all TESTS="$tests"; fi
+if [[ -n "$INPUT_CHECK" || -n "$INPUT_TEST_SPEC" ]]; then grouped env CHECK_LEAKS=true make test-spec MSPECOPT="$INPUT_TEST_SPEC"; fi
diff --git a/.github/actions/launchable/setup/action.yml b/.github/actions/launchable/setup/action.yml
index 41a46ccc91..305878492c 100644
--- a/.github/actions/launchable/setup/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/launchable/setup/action.yml
@@ -55,6 +55,23 @@ inputs:
     description: >-
       Whether this workflow is executed on YJIT.
 
+  is-zjit:
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
+    description: >-
+      Whether this workflow is executed on ZJIT.
+
+outputs:
+  stdout_report_path:
+    value: ${{ steps.global.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+    description: >-
+      Report file path for standard output.
+
+  stderr_report_path:
+    value: ${{ steps.global.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
+    description: >-
+      Report file path for standard error.
+
 runs:
   using: composite
 
@@ -78,17 +95,41 @@ runs:
     # Launchable CLI requires Python and Java.
     # https://www.launchableinc.com/docs/resources/cli-reference/
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@871daa956ca9ea99f3c3e30acb424b7960676734 # v5.0.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-      if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+      if: >-
+        ${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+        && !endsWith(inputs.os, 'ppc64le') && !endsWith(inputs.os, 's390x') }}
 
     - name: Set up Java
-      uses: actions/setup-java@7a445ee88d4e23b52c33fdc7601e40278616c7f8 # v4.0.0
+      uses: actions/setup-java@c1e323688fd81a25caa38c78aa6df2d33d3e20d9 # v4.8.0
       with:
         distribution: 'temurin'
         java-version: '17'
-      if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+      if: >-
+        ${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+        && !endsWith(inputs.os, 'ppc64le') && !endsWith(inputs.os, 's390x') }}
+
+    - name: Set up Java ppc64le
+      uses: actions/setup-java@c1e323688fd81a25caa38c78aa6df2d33d3e20d9 # v4.8.0
+      with:
+        distribution: 'semeru'
+        architecture: 'ppc64le'
+        java-version: '17'
+      if: >-
+        ${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+        && endsWith(inputs.os, 'ppc64le') }}
+
+    - name: Set up Java s390x
+      uses: actions/setup-java@c1e323688fd81a25caa38c78aa6df2d33d3e20d9 # v4.8.0
+      with:
+        distribution: 'semeru'
+        architecture: 's390x'
+        java-version: '17'
+      if: >-
+        ${{ steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+        && endsWith(inputs.os, 's390x') }}
 
     - name: Set global vars
       id: global
@@ -100,27 +141,35 @@ runs:
         echo test_all_enabled="${test_all_enabled}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         echo btest_enabled="${btest_enabled}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         echo test_spec_enabled="${test_spec_enabled}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo test_all_session_file='launchable_test_all_session.txt' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo btest_session_file='launchable_btest_session.txt' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo test_spec_session_file='launchable_test_spec_session.txt' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         echo test_all_report_file='launchable_test_all_report.json' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         echo btest_report_file='launchable_btest_report.json' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         echo test_spec_report_dir='launchable_test_spec_report' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo stdout_report_path="launchable_stdout.log" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo stderr_report_path="launchable_stderr.log" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
 
     - name: Set environment variables for Launchable
       shell: bash
-      run: |
+      run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
         : # GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL are used for commenting test reports in Launchable Github App.
         : # https://github.com/launchableinc/cli/blob/v1.80.1/launchable/utils/link.py#L42
-        echo "GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL=${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL=${INPUT_PR_HTML_URL}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         : # The following envs are necessary in Launchable tokenless authentication.
         : # https://github.com/launchableinc/cli/blob/v1.80.1/launchable/utils/authentication.py#L20
-        echo "LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION=${{ github.repository_owner }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "LAUNCHABLE_WORKSPACE=${{ github.event.repository.name }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION=${INPUT_REPOSITORY_OWNER}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "LAUNCHABLE_WORKSPACE=${INPUT_REPOSITORY_NAME}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         : # https://github.com/launchableinc/cli/blob/v1.80.1/launchable/utils/authentication.py#L71
-        echo "GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo "LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN=${{ inputs.launchable-token }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA=${INPUT_PR_HEAD_SHA}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN=${INPUT_LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        : # To prevent a slowdown in CI, disable request retries when the Launchable server is unstable.
+        echo "LAUNCHABLE_SKIP_TIMEOUT_RETRY=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "LAUNCHABLE_COMMIT_TIMEOUT=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      env:
+        INPUT_PR_HTML_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+        INPUT_REPOSITORY_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+        INPUT_REPOSITORY_NAME: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
+        INPUT_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+        INPUT_LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.launchable-token }}
       if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
 
     - name: Set up path
@@ -128,194 +177,161 @@ runs:
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
       # Since updated PATH variable will be available in only subsequent actions, we need to add the path beforehand.
       # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#adding-a-system-path
-      run: echo "$(python -msite --user-base)/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-      if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable && startsWith(inputs.os, 'macos')
+      run: echo "$(python -msite --user-base)/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
+      if: >-
+        ${{
+        steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+        && (startsWith(inputs.os, 'macos')
+          || endsWith(inputs.os, 'ppc64le')
+          || endsWith(inputs.os, 's390x'))
+        }}
 
     - name: Set up Launchable
+      id: setup-launchable
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
-      run: |
+      run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
         set -x
         pip install --user launchable
         : # The build name cannot include a slash, so we replace the string here.
-        github_ref="${{ github.ref }}"
+        github_ref="${INPUT_GITHUB_REF}"
         github_ref="${github_ref//\//_}"
         : # With the --name option, we need to configure a unique identifier for this build.
         : # To avoid setting the same build name as the CI which runs on other branches, we use the branch name here.
         build_name="${github_ref}_${GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA}"
-        test_opts="${{ inputs.test-opts }}"
+        test_opts="${INPUT_TEST_OPTS}"
         test_opts="${test_opts// /}"
         test_opts="${test_opts//=/:}"
         test_all_test_suite='test-all'
         btest_test_suite='btest'
         test_spec_test_suite='test-spec'
-        if [ "${{ inputs.is-yjit }}" = "true" ]; then
+        if [ "${INPUT_IS_YJIT}" = "true" ]; then
           test_all_test_suite="yjit-${test_all_test_suite}"
           btest_test_suite="yjit-${btest_test_suite}"
           test_spec_test_suite="yjit-${test_spec_test_suite}"
         fi
-        launchable record build --name "${build_name}"
-        if [ "${test_all_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          launchable record session \
-            --build "${build_name}" \
-            --observation \
-            --flavor os="${{ inputs.os }}" \
-            --flavor test_task="${{ inputs.test-task }}" \
-            --flavor test_opts="${test_opts}" \
-            --flavor workflow="${{ github.workflow }}" \
-            --test-suite ${test_all_test_suite} \
-            > "${test_all_session_file}"
-          launchable subset \
-            --get-tests-from-previous-sessions \
-            --non-blocking \
-            --target 90% \
-            --session "$(cat "${test_all_session_file}")" \
-            raw > /dev/null
-          echo "TESTS=${TESTS} --launchable-test-reports=${test_all_report_file}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if [ "${INPUT_IS_ZJIT}" = "true" ]; then
+          test_all_test_suite="zjit-${test_all_test_suite}"
+          btest_test_suite="zjit-${btest_test_suite}"
+          test_spec_test_suite="zjit-${test_spec_test_suite}"
         fi
-        if [ "${btest_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          launchable record session \
+        # launchable_setup target var -- refers ${target} prefixed variables
+        launchable_setup() {
+          local target=$1 session
+          eval [ "\${${target}_enabled}" = "true" ] || return
+          eval local suite=\${${target}_test_suite}
+          session=$(launchable record session \
             --build "${build_name}" \
             --observation \
-            --flavor os="${{ inputs.os }}" \
-            --flavor test_task="${{ inputs.test-task }}" \
+            --flavor os="${INPUT_OS}" \
+            --flavor test_task="${INPUT_TEST_TASK}" \
             --flavor test_opts="${test_opts}" \
-            --flavor workflow="${{ github.workflow }}" \
-            --test-suite ${btest_test_suite} \
-            > "${btest_session_file}"
-          launchable subset \
-            --get-tests-from-previous-sessions \
-            --non-blocking \
-            --target 90% \
-            --session "$(cat "${btest_session_file}")" \
-            raw > /dev/null
-          echo "BTESTS=${BTESTS} --launchable-test-reports=${btest_report_file}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            --flavor workflow="${INPUT_WORKFLOW}" \
+            --test-suite ${suite} \
+            )
+          echo "${target}_session=${session}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        }
+
+        launchable record build --name "${build_name}"
+        if launchable_setup test_all; then
+          echo "TESTS=${TESTS:+$TESTS }--launchable-test-reports=${test_all_report_file}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         fi
-        if [ "${test_spec_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          launchable record session \
-            --build "${build_name}" \
-            --observation \
-            --flavor os="${{ inputs.os }}" \
-            --flavor test_task="${{ inputs.test-task }}" \
-            --flavor test_opts="${test_opts}" \
-            --flavor workflow="${{ github.workflow }}" \
-            --test-suite ${test_spec_test_suite} \
-            > "${test_spec_session_file}"
-          launchable subset \
-            --get-tests-from-previous-sessions \
-            --non-blocking \
-            --target 90% \
-            --session "$(cat "${test_spec_session_file}")" \
-            raw > /dev/null
-          echo "SPECOPTS=${SPECOPTS} --launchable-test-reports=${test_spec_report_dir}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if launchable_setup btest; then
+          echo "BTESTS=${BTESTS:+$BTESTS }--launchable-test-reports=${btest_report_file}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         fi
+        if launchable_setup test_spec; then
+          echo "SPECOPTS=${SPECOPTS:$SPECOPTS }--launchable-test-reports=${test_spec_report_dir}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo test_spec_enabled=true >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        fi
+
+        echo launchable_setup_dir=$(pwd) >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
       env:
+        INPUT_GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        INPUT_TEST_OPTS: ${{ inputs.test-opts }}
+        INPUT_IS_YJIT: ${{ inputs.is-yjit }}
+        INPUT_IS_ZJIT: ${{ inputs.is-zjit }}
+        INPUT_OS: ${{ inputs.os }}
+        INPUT_TEST_TASK: ${{ inputs.test-task }}
+        INPUT_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
         test_all_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_enabled }}
         btest_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_enabled }}
         test_spec_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_enabled }}
-        test_all_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_session_file }}
-        btest_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_session_file }}
-        test_spec_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_session_file }}
         test_all_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_report_file }}
         btest_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_report_file }}
         test_spec_report_dir: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_report_dir }}
 
-    - name: Variables to report Launchable
-      id: variables
+    - name: make test-spec report directory in build directory
       shell: bash
-      working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
-      run: |
-        set -x
-        : # report-path from srcdir
-        if [ "${srcdir}" = "${{ github.workspace }}" ]; then
-          dir=
-        else
-          # srcdir must be equal to or under workspace
-          dir=$(echo ${srcdir:+${srcdir}/} | sed 's:[^/][^/]*/:../:g')
-        fi
-        if [ "${test_all_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          test_report_path="${dir}${builddir:+${builddir}/}${test_all_report_file}"
-          echo test_report_path="${test_report_path}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        fi
-        if [ "${btest_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          btest_report_path="${dir}${builddir:+${builddir}/}${btest_report_file}"
-          echo btest_report_path="${btest_report_path}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        fi
-        if [ "${test_spec_enabled}" = "true" ]; then
-          test_spec_report_path="${dir}${builddir:+${builddir}/}${test_spec_report_dir}"
-          mkdir "${test_spec_report_path}"
-          echo test_spec_report_path="${test_spec_report_path}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        fi
-        stdout_report_path="${dir}${builddir:+${builddir}/}launchable_stdout.log"
-        stderr_report_path="${dir}${builddir:+${builddir}/}launchable_stderr.log"
-        echo stdout_report_path="${stdout_report_path}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo stderr_report_path="${stderr_report_path}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      if: steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+      run: mkdir "${test_spec_report_dir}"
+      if: ${{ steps.setup-launchable.outputs.test_spec_enabled == 'true' }}
+      env:
+        test_spec_report_dir: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_report_dir }}
+
+    - name: Clean up test results in Launchable
+      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@81b6ce503cde93862cec047c54652e45c5dca991 # v1.4.3
+      with:
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+        post: |
+          rm -f "${test_all_report_file}"
+          rm -f "${btest_report_file}"
+          rm -fr "${test_spec_report_dir}"
+          rm -f launchable_stdout.log
+          rm -f launchable_stderr.log
+      if: always() && steps.setup-launchable.outcome == 'success'
       env:
-        srcdir: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
-        builddir: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
-        test_all_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_enabled }}
-        btest_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_enabled }}
-        test_spec_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_enabled }}
         test_all_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_report_file }}
         btest_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_report_file }}
         test_spec_report_dir: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_report_dir }}
 
     - name: Record test results in Launchable
-      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@674528335da98a7afc80915ff2b4b860a0b3553a # v1.4.0
+      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@81b6ce503cde93862cec047c54652e45c5dca991 # v1.4.3
       with:
         shell: bash
-        working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        working-directory: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
         post: |
           if [[ "${test_all_enabled}" = "true" ]]; then \
             launchable record attachment \
-              --session "$(cat "${test_all_session_file}")" \
+              --session "${test_all_session}" \
               "${stdout_report_path}" \
               "${stderr_report_path}"; \
             launchable record tests \
-              --session "$(cat "${test_all_session_file}")" \
-              raw "${test_report_path}" || true; \
+              --session "${test_all_session}" \
+              raw "${test_all_report_file}" || true; \
           fi
 
           if [[ "${btest_enabled}" = "true" ]]; then \
             launchable record attachment \
-              --session "$(cat "${btest_session_file}")" \
+              --session "${btest_session}" \
               "${stdout_report_path}" \
               "${stderr_report_path}"; \
             launchable record tests \
-              --session "$(cat "${btest_session_file}")" \
-              raw "${btest_report_path}" || true; \
+              --session "${btest_session}" \
+              raw "${btest_report_file}" || true; \
           fi
 
           if [[ "${test_spec_enabled}" = "true" ]]; then \
             launchable record attachment \
-              --session "$(cat "${test_spec_session_file}")" \
+              --session "${test_spec_session}" \
               "${stdout_report_path}" \
               "${stderr_report_path}"; \
             launchable record tests \
-              --session "$(cat "${test_spec_session_file}")" \
-              raw ${test_spec_report_path}/* || true; \
+              --session "${test_spec_session}" \
+              raw ${test_spec_report_dir}/* || true; \
           fi
-
-          rm -f "${test_all_session_file}"
-          rm -f "${btest_session_file}"
-          rm -f "${test_spec_session_file}"
-          rm -f "${test_report_path}"
-          rm -f "${btest_report_path}"
-          rm -fr "${test_spec_report_path}"
-          rm -f "${stdout_report_path}"
-          rm -f "${stderr_report_path}"
-      if: ${{ always() && steps.enable-launchable.outputs.enable-launchable }}
+      if: ${{ always() && steps.setup-launchable.outcome == 'success' }}
       env:
-        test_report_path: ${{ steps.variables.outputs.test_report_path }}
-        btest_report_path: ${{ steps.variables.outputs.btest_report_path }}
-        test_spec_report_path: ${{ steps.variables.outputs.test_spec_report_path }}
+        test_all_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_report_file }}
+        btest_report_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_report_file }}
+        test_spec_report_dir: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_report_dir }}
         test_all_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_enabled }}
         btest_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_enabled }}
         test_spec_enabled: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_enabled }}
-        test_all_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_all_session_file }}
-        btest_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.btest_session_file }}
-        test_spec_session_file: ${{ steps.global.outputs.test_spec_session_file }}
-        stdout_report_path: ${{ steps.variables.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
-        stderr_report_path: ${{ steps.variables.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
+        test_all_session: ${{ steps.setup-launchable.outputs.test_all_session }}
+        btest_session: ${{ steps.setup-launchable.outputs.btest_session }}
+        test_spec_session: ${{ steps.setup-launchable.outputs.test_spec_session }}
+        stdout_report_path: ${{ steps.global.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+        stderr_report_path: ${{ steps.global.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
+        LAUNCHABLE_SETUP_DIR: ${{ steps.setup-launchable.outputs.launchable_setup_dir }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/make-snapshot/action.yml b/.github/actions/make-snapshot/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4552f0e067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/make-snapshot/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: 'make-snapshot'
+description: 'Make snapshot tarballs'
+inputs:
+  archname:
+    description: 'archname passed to tool/make-snapshot (e.g. snapshot-master)'
+    required: true
+  version:
+    description: 'Target Version'
+    required: false
+  shallow-since:
+    description: 'git fetch --shallow-since'
+    required: true
+    default: '2018-12-25 00:00:00'
+  fetch-branch:
+    description: 'fetch branch'
+    required: false
+  srcdir:
+    description: 'srcdir for tool/make-snapshot. Empty = clone ruby/ruby into ./ruby.'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+  upload-artifact:
+    description: 'Upload Packages and Info as workflow artifacts. Pass "false" when callers run in a matrix that would collide on artifact names.'
+    required: false
+    default: 'true'
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Install libraries
+      run: |
+        set -x
+        sudo apt-get update -q || :
+        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential git bison autoconf ruby p7zip-full curl
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Checkout ruby/ruby for tool/make-snapshot
+      if: inputs.srcdir == ''
+      run: git clone --single-branch --depth=1 https://github.com/ruby/ruby ruby
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Fetch branches and notes (clone mode)
+      if: inputs.srcdir == ''
+      env:
+        SHALLOW_SINCE: ${{ inputs.shallow-since }}
+        FETCH_BRANCH: ${{ inputs.fetch-branch }}
+      run: |
+        set -x
+        cd ruby
+        git fetch --shallow-since="$SHALLOW_SINCE"
+        [ -n "$FETCH_BRANCH" ] && git fetch origin "+$FETCH_BRANCH:$FETCH_BRANCH"
+        git fetch origin '+refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/commits'
+        git fetch origin '+refs/notes/log-fix:refs/notes/log-fix'
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Fetch notes (local srcdir mode)
+      if: inputs.srcdir != ''
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+      run: |
+        git fetch origin '+refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/commits' || :
+        git fetch origin '+refs/notes/log-fix:refs/notes/log-fix' || :
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Make snapshot
+      env:
+        ARCHNAME: ${{ inputs.archname }}
+        SRCDIR: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+      run: |
+        [ -z "$SRCDIR" ] && SRCDIR=ruby
+        ruby "$SRCDIR/tool/make-snapshot" "-archname=$ARCHNAME" -srcdir="$SRCDIR" -packages=gzip,xz,zip pkg $VERSION
+      shell: bash
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        name: Packages
+        path: pkg
+      if: ${{ inputs.upload-artifact == 'true' }}
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        name: Info
+        path: pkg/info
+      if: ${{ inputs.upload-artifact == 'true' }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup/baseruby/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup/baseruby/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76fe068897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/setup/baseruby/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+name: Setup directories etc.
+description: >-
+  Build baseruby for cross-compiling
+
+inputs:
+  srcdir:
+    required: true
+    default: ${{ github.workspace }}
+    description: >-
+      Directory of source codes.
+
+  builddir:
+    required: false
+    default: ${{ github.workspace }}/baseruby
+    description: >-
+      Where baseruby will be built.
+
+  installdir:
+    required: false
+    default: install
+    description: >-
+      The path where the baseruby will be installed to.
+      This is relative from the workspace.
+
+outputs:
+  ruby:
+    value: ${{ steps.build.outputs.installdir }}/bin/ruby
+    description: >-
+      The path of the executable baseruby.
+  dump_ast:
+    value: ${{ steps.build.outputs.installdir }}/bin/dump_ast
+    description: >-
+      The path of the executable dump_ast.
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+
+  steps:
+    - name: Build baseruby
+      shell: bash
+      id: build
+      run: |
+        case "$installdir" in /*) ;; *) installdir="$PWD/$installdir";; esac
+        mkdir "$builddir"
+        ln -sr "$srcdir" "$builddir/.src"
+        pushd "$builddir"
+        .src/configure "--prefix=${installdir}" --disable-install-doc
+        CONFIGURE_ARGS=--with-out-ext=-test- make install
+        install dump_ast "${installdir}/bin"
+        {
+          echo "${installdir}/bin/dump_ast"
+          echo "${installdir}/.installed.list"
+          echo "${installdir}/"
+        } >> .installed.list
+        cp .installed.list "${installdir}/"
+        make distclean
+        rm .src
+        popd
+        rmdir "$builddir"
+        {
+          echo "installdir=${installdir}"
+        } | tee -a "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      env:
+        srcdir: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        builddir: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+        installdir: ${{ inputs.installdir }}
+
+    - name: clean
+      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@598d7a875d5620e0457490555b5e18e46082aa47 # v1.4.4
+      with:
+        working-directory: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        post: |
+          ruby tool/rbuninstall.rb "${{ steps.build.outputs.installdir }}/.installed.list" > /dev/null
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
index cf32600459..589049a4b8 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ inputs:
       Where binaries and other generated contents go.  This will be
       created if absent.
 
+  make-command:
+    required: false
+    type: string
+    default: 'make'
+    description: >-
+      The command of `make`.
+
   makeup:
     required: false
     type: boolean
@@ -67,8 +74,11 @@ runs:
     # their bash manually installed.
     - shell: bash
       run: |
-        mkdir -p ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
-        mkdir -p ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+        mkdir -p "${INPUT_SRCDIR}"
+        mkdir -p "${INPUT_BUILDDIR}"
+      env:
+        INPUT_SRCDIR: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        INPUT_BUILDDIR: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
 
     # Did you know that actions/checkout works without git(1)?  We are
     # checking that here.
@@ -76,7 +86,7 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
       run: |
         echo "git=`command -v git`" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-        echo "sudo=`command -v sudo`" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "sudo=`sudo true && command -v sudo`" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         echo "autoreconf=`command -v autoreconf`" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
     - if: steps.which.outputs.git
@@ -88,15 +98,16 @@ runs:
         git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
 
     - if: inputs.checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         path: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
         fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.fetch-depth }}
+        persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: actions/cache@d4323d4df104b026a6aa633fdb11d772146be0bf # v4.2.2
+    - uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
       with:
         path: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}/.downloaded-cache
-        key: downloaded-cache
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-downloaded-cache
 
     - if: steps.which.outputs.autoreconf
       shell: bash
@@ -106,16 +117,16 @@ runs:
     # This is for MinGW.
     - if: runner.os == 'Windows'
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((2 * NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((2 * NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS))" >> $GITHUB_ENV # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
 
     - if: runner.os == 'Linux'
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-sj$((1 + $(nproc)))" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
 
     # macOS' GNU make is so old that they doesn't understand `GNUMAKEFLAGS`.
     - if: runner.os == 'macOS'
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "MAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      run: echo "MAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
 
     - if: inputs.makeup
       shell: bash
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         rm -f config.status .rbconfig.time \
           Makefile GNUmakefile uncommon.mk enc.mk noarch-fake.rb
+        rm -f prism/.time prism/util/.time
 
     - if: steps.which.outputs.sudo
       shell: bash
@@ -163,19 +175,25 @@ runs:
         done
         # drop {a..z}.rb if case-insensitive filesystem
         grep -F A.rb a.rb > /dev/null && set "${@:27}"
-        echo clean="cd ${{ inputs.builddir }} && rm $*" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo clean="cd ${INPUT_BUILDDIR} && rm $*" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      env:
+        INPUT_BUILDDIR: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
 
     - if: inputs.clean == 'true'
       shell: bash
       id: clean
       run: |
-        echo distclean='make -C ${{ inputs.builddir }} distclean' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        echo remained-files='find ${{ inputs.builddir }} -ls' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        [ "${{ inputs.builddir }}" = "${{ inputs.srcdir }}" ] ||
-        echo final='rmdir ${{ inputs.builddir }}' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo distclean="cd ${INPUT_BUILDDIR} && ${INPUT_MAKE_COMMAND} distclean" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        echo remained-files="find ${INPUT_BUILDDIR} -ls" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        [ "${INPUT_BUILDDIR}" = "${INPUT_SRCDIR}" ] ||
+        echo final="rmdir ${INPUT_BUILDDIR}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      env:
+        INPUT_BUILDDIR: ${{ inputs.builddir }}
+        INPUT_SRCDIR: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
+        INPUT_MAKE_COMMAND: ${{ inputs.make-command }}
 
     - name: clean
-      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@d803f6920adc9a47eeac4cb6c93dbc2e2890c684 # v1.4.2
+      uses: gacts/run-and-post-run@598d7a875d5620e0457490555b5e18e46082aa47 # v1.4.4
       with:
         working-directory:
         post: |
@@ -183,3 +201,5 @@ runs:
           ${{ steps.clean.outputs.distclean }}
           ${{ steps.clean.outputs.remained-files }}
           ${{ steps.clean.outputs.final }}
+      # rmdir randomly fails due to launchable files
+      continue-on-error: true
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup/macos/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup/macos/action.yml
index 5da7c6d44c..9cd37a9b12 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup/macos/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup/macos/action.yml
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Set ENV
       shell: bash
-      run: |
+      run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
         dir_config() {
           local args=() lib var="$1"; shift
           for lib in "$@"; do
-            args+="--with-${lib%@*}-dir=$(brew --prefix $lib)"
+            args+=("--with-${lib%@*}-dir=$(brew --prefix $lib)")
           done
           echo "$var=${args[*]}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         }
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup/ubuntu/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup/ubuntu/action.yml
index a9e5b41951..5209ccc03f 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup/ubuntu/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup/ubuntu/action.yml
@@ -24,18 +24,38 @@ runs:
   using: composite
 
   steps:
+    - id: uname
+      name: uname
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        arch: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      run: |
+        setarch="${arch:+setarch $arch --}"
+        # normalize `uname`
+        if uname=$(${setarch} uname -m 2> /dev/null); then
+          # `setarch` works, `$arch` is a valid architecture name.
+          echo "setarch=${setarch}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        else
+          # if `setarch` failed, take the given `arch` as-is.
+          uname="${arch}"
+          setarch=""
+        fi
+        echo "uname=$uname" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "dpkg=${uname/686/386}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
     - name: set SETARCH
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "SETARCH=${setarch}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      run: echo "SETARCH=${setarch}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" # zizmor: ignore[github-env]
       env:
-        setarch: ${{ inputs.arch && format('setarch {0} --', inputs.arch) }}
+        setarch: ${{ steps.uname.outputs.setarch }} # validated
 
-    - id: uname
-      name: uname
+    - name: dpkg setup
       shell: bash
-      run: |
-        echo uname=`${SETARCH} uname -m` >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-        echo dpkg=`${SETARCH} uname -m | sed s/686/386/` >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture "${dpkg}"
+      # `dpkg` is valid, also `uname`.
+      if: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      env:
+        dpkg: ${{ steps.uname.outputs.dpkg }}
 
     - name: apt-get
       shell: bash
@@ -43,7 +63,6 @@ runs:
         arch: ${{ inputs.arch && format(':{0}', steps.uname.outputs.dpkg) || '' }}
       run: |
         set -x
-        ${arch:+sudo dpkg --add-architecture ${arch#:}}
         sudo apt-get update -qq || :
         sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -qq -y -o=Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 \
         ${arch:+cross}build-essential${arch/:/-} \
diff --git a/.github/actions/slack/action.yml b/.github/actions/slack/action.yml
index 98171efc5e..6f89bef11a 100644
--- a/.github/actions/slack/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/slack/action.yml
@@ -18,13 +18,24 @@ inputs:
       Human-readable description of the run, something like "DEBUG=1".
       This need not be unique among runs.
 
+  event_name:
+    required: false
+    default: 'push'
+    description: >-
+      Target event to trigger notification. Notify only push by default.
+
+  extra_channel_id:
+    required: false
+    description: >-
+      Slack channel ID to notify besides #alerts and #alerts-emoji.
+
 outputs: {} # Nothing?
 
 runs:
   using: composite
 
   steps:
-    - uses: ruby/action-slack@54175162371f1f7c8eb94d7c8644ee2479fcd375 # v3.2.2
+    - uses: ruby/action-slack@d260b61aa817726d5bedd22dd6cc305787fa4cdd # v4.0.0
       with:
         payload: |
           {
@@ -33,7 +44,8 @@ runs:
             "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
             "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
             "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            ${{ inputs.extra_channel_id && format(', "extra_channel_id": "{0}"', inputs.extra_channel_id) }}
           }
       env:
         SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ inputs.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
-      if: ${{github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.repository, 'ruby/')}}
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == inputs.event_name && startsWith(github.repository, 'ruby/') }}
diff --git a/.github/auto_request_review.yml b/.github/auto_request_review.yml
index 8726df577d..9e20cb7459 100644
--- a/.github/auto_request_review.yml
+++ b/.github/auto_request_review.yml
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 files:
-  'yjit*': [team:yjit]
-  'yjit/**/*': [team:yjit]
+  'yjit*': [team:jit]
+  'yjit/**/*': [team:jit]
   'yjit/src/cruby_bindings.inc.rs': []
-  'doc/yjit/*': [team:yjit]
-  'bootstraptest/test_yjit*': [team:yjit]
-  'test/ruby/test_yjit*': [team:yjit]
+  'bootstraptest/test_yjit*': [team:jit]
+  'test/ruby/test_yjit*': [team:jit]
+  'zjit*': [team:jit]
+  'zjit/**/*': [team:jit]
+  'zjit/src/cruby_bindings.inc.rs': []
+  'test/ruby/test_zjit*': [team:jit]
+  'defs/jit.mk': [team:jit]
+  'tool/zjit_bisect.rb': [team:jit]
+  'doc/jit/*': [team:jit]
+  # Skip files updated by dependabot. It's noisy in notifications, and they're auto-merged anyway.
+  'yjit/Cargo.lock': []
+  'zjit/Cargo.lock': []
+  '.github/workflows/yjit-*.yml': []
+  '.github/workflows/zjit-*.yml': []
 options:
   ignore_draft: true
-  # This currently doesn't work as intended. We want to skip reviews when only
-  # cruby_bingings.inc.rs is modified, but this skips reviews even when other
-  # yjit files are modified as well. To be enabled after fixing the behavior.
-  #last_files_match_only: true
+  last_files_match_only: true
diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5d33545c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+paths-ignore:
+  - benchmark
+  - sample
+  - spec/ruby/command_line/fixtures
+  - spec/ruby/core/enumerable/shared/inject.rb
+  - spec/ruby/core/exception/fixtures
+  - spec/ruby/core/proc/parameters_spec.rb
+  - spec/ruby/core/proc/ruby2_keywords_spec.rb
+  - spec/ruby/core/range/reverse_each_spec.rb
+  - spec/ruby/language/fixtures
+  - spec/ruby/language/lambda_spec.rb
+  - spec/ruby/language/method_spec.rb
+  - spec/ruby/language/string_spec.rb
+  - test/error_highlight/test_error_highlight.rb
+  - test/prism/result/named_capture_test.rb
+  - test/ruby/test_call.rb
+  - test/ruby/test_signal.rb
+  - test/ruby/test_super.rb
+  - test/ruby/test_syntax.rb
+  - test/ruby/test_unicode_escape.rb
+  - test/rubygems/specifications/foo-0.0.1-x86-mswin32.gemspec
+  - trace_point.rb
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 426893be2a..57da742e5c 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
   - package-ecosystem: 'github-actions'
-    directory: '/'
-    schedule:
-      interval: 'daily'
-  - package-ecosystem: 'github-actions'
-    directory: '/.github/actions/slack'
-    schedule:
-      interval: 'daily'
-  - package-ecosystem: 'github-actions'
-    directory: '/.github/actions/setup/directories'
+    directories:
+      - '/'
+      - '/.github/actions/slack'
+      - '/.github/actions/setup/directories'
     schedule:
       interval: 'daily'
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
   - package-ecosystem: 'cargo'
-    directory: '/yjit'
+    directories:
+      - '/yjit'
+      - '/zjit'
+    exclude-paths:
+      - 'gc/mmtk/**'
+    schedule:
+      interval: 'monthly'
+    groups:
+      jit:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+  - package-ecosystem: 'vcpkg'
+    directory: '/'
     schedule:
       interval: 'daily'
diff --git a/.github/labeler.yml b/.github/labeler.yml
index e81aed8e98..f39fcec386 100644
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ Documentation:
 
 Backport:
 - base-branch: 'ruby_3_\d'
+- base-branch: 'ruby_4_\d'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/annocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/annocheck.yml
index 8cc482c428..1d23c38fcd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/annocheck.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/annocheck.yml
@@ -39,11 +39,9 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     env:
@@ -63,10 +61,11 @@ jobs:
       - run: id
         working-directory:
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
@@ -74,9 +73,9 @@ jobs:
           builddir: build
           makeup: true
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
           bundler: none
 
       # Minimal flags to pass the check.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml b/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml
index a6c81c78cd..1be2b11b86 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/auto_request_review.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && github.base_ref == 'master' }}
     steps:
       - name: Request review based on files changes and/or groups the author belongs to
-        uses: necojackarc/auto-request-review@e89da1a8cd7c8c16d9de9c6e763290b6b0e3d424 # v0.13.0
+        uses: necojackarc/auto-request-review@5d3060495e58e9cb41f51de50e808d3135d5374e # master
         with:
           # scope: public_repo
-          token: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_REQUEST_REVIEW_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto_review_pr.yml b/.github/workflows/auto_review_pr.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24859ad0b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/auto_review_pr.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Auto Review PR
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, ready_for_review, reopened]
+    branches: [master]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      pr_number:
+        description: 'PR number to review'
+        required: true
+        type: number
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  auto-review-pr:
+    name: Auto Review PR
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && (github.base_ref == 'master' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') }}
+
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+      contents: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.4'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - name: Auto Review PR
+        run: ruby tool/auto_review_pr.rb "$GITHUB_PR_NUMBER"
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.event.inputs.pr_number }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
index 94560551a0..1acfbe19ac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
@@ -35,28 +35,27 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
         ruby:
-          - ruby-3.0
           - ruby-3.1
           - ruby-3.2
           - ruby-3.3
 
     steps:
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
index da2c7028c2..d890ed2495 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: bundled_gems
 
+env:
+  UPDATE_ENABLED: true
+
 on:
   push:
     branches: ['master']
@@ -31,13 +34,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2 # zizmor: ignore[artipacked]
+        with:
+          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          ruby-version: 4.0
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
-          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN
           checkout: '' # false (ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2238)
 
       - name: Set ENV
@@ -49,24 +56,20 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p .downloaded-cache
           for data in bundled_gems.json default_gems.json; do
             ln -s .downloaded-cache/$data .
-            curl -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
+            curl --retry 5 --retry-connrefused --retry-delay 2 --retry-max-time 60 -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
           done
 
       - name: Update bundled gems list
         id: bundled_gems
         run: |
           ruby -i~ tool/update-bundled_gems.rb gems/bundled_gems >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Update spec/bundler/support/builders.rb
-        run: |
-          #!ruby
-          rake_version = File.read("gems/bundled_gems")[/^rake\s+(\S+)/, 1]
-          print ARGF.read.sub(/^ *def rake_version\s*\K".*?"/) {rake_version.dump}
-        shell: ruby -i~ {0} spec/bundler/support/builders.rb
+        if: ${{ env.UPDATE_ENABLED == 'true' }}
 
       - name: Maintain updated gems list in NEWS
         run: |
           ruby tool/update-NEWS-gemlist.rb bundled
+          ruby tool/update-NEWS-github-release.rb --update
+        if: ${{ env.UPDATE_ENABLED == 'true' }}
 
       - name: Check diffs
         id: diff
@@ -77,11 +80,71 @@ jobs:
           git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code -- gems/bundled_gems ||
           gems=true
           git add -- NEWS.md gems/bundled_gems
-          git add -- spec/bundler/support/builders.rb
           echo news=$news >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo gems=$gems >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo update=${news:-$gems} >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
+      - name: Commit
+        id: commit
+        run: |
+          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+          message="Update bundled gems list"
+          if [ -z "${gems}" ]; then
+            git commit --message="[DOC] ${message} at ${GITHUB_SHA:0:30}"
+          else
+            git commit --message="${message} as of ${TODAY}"
+          fi
+        env:
+          TODAY: ${{ steps.bundled_gems.outputs.latest_date || env.TODAY }}
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+          gems: ${{ steps.diff.outputs.gems }}
+        if: ${{ steps.diff.outputs.update }}
+
+      - name: Development revision of bundled gems
+        run: |
+          #!ruby
+          file = "gems/bundled_gems"
+
+          SECONDS_IN_DAY = 86400
+          today = Time.new("#{ENV['TODAY']}Z")
+          if !(december = today.month == 12)
+            days = 30
+          elsif (days = 26 - today.day).positive?
+            days += 4
+          else
+            puts "::info:: just after released"
+            exit
+          end
+
+          since = "#{today.year-1}-12-26"
+          ref = ENV['GITHUB_REF']
+          puts "::group::\e[94mfetching \e[1m#{file}\e[22m since \e[1m#{since}\e[22m from \e[1m#{ref}\e[m"
+          system(*%W[git fetch --shallow-since=#{since} --no-tags origin #{ref}], exception: true)
+          puts "::endgroup::"
+
+          puts "\e[94mchecking development version bundled gems older than \e[1m#{days}\e[22m days\e[m"
+          limit = today.to_i - days * SECONDS_IN_DAY
+          old = 0
+          IO.popen(%W"git blame --line-porcelain -- #{file}") do |blame|
+            while head = blame.gets("\n\t") and s = blame.gets
+              next unless (gem = s.split(/\s+|#.*/)).size > 3
+              time = head[/^committer-time \K\d+/].to_i
+              next if (d = limit - time) <= 0
+              d /= SECONDS_IN_DAY
+              line = head[/\A\h+ \d+ \K\d+/].to_i
+              level = if d < days; 'warning'; else old += 1; 'error'; end
+              d += days
+              puts "::#{level} file=#{file},line=#{line},title=Older than #{d} days::#{gem[0]} #{gem[3]}"
+            end
+          end
+          abort "::error title=Too long-standing gems::The release comes soon." if december and old.nonzero?
+        shell: ruby {0}
+        env:
+          file: ${{ steps.logs.outputs.file }}
+          days: ${{ steps.logs.outputs.days }}
+
       - name: Install libraries
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
         if: ${{ steps.diff.outputs.gems }}
@@ -104,30 +167,17 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 30
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
         if: ${{ steps.diff.outputs.gems }}
 
-      - name: Commit
+      - name: Push
         run: |
-          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-          message="Update bundled gems list"
-          if [ -z "${gems}" ]; then
-            git commit --message="${message} at ${GITHUB_SHA:0:30} [ci skip]"
-          else
-            git commit --message="${message} as of ${TODAY}"
-          fi
           git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-        env:
-          TODAY: ${{ steps.bundled_gems.outputs.latest_date || env.TODAY }}
-          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
-          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
-          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
-          gems: ${{ steps.diff.outputs.gems }}
         if: >-
           ${{
           github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' &&
           !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') &&
-          steps.diff.outputs.update
+          steps.commit.outcome == 'success'
           }}
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
index d871ef02c0..ad399b264f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
@@ -40,21 +42,17 @@ jobs:
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
           bundler: none
 
       - name: Run configure
         run: ./configure -C --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems --with-gcc 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
 
-      - run: make all golf
-
-      - run: ./goruby -veh
-
-      - run: ruby tool/update-deps --fix
+      - run: make fix-depends
 
-      - run: git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
+      - run: git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
index 42ad551430..f194d00779 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
@@ -18,24 +18,49 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
-          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: head
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
           makeup: true
-          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN
           checkout: '' # false (ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2238)
 
-      - name: Check if C-sources are US-ASCII
+      - name: Re-generate Makefiles
+        run: |
+          # config.status needs to run as a shell script
+          { echo ':&&exit'; cat tool/prereq.status; } > config.status
+          : # same as actions/setup/directories/action.yml
+          for mk in Makefile GNUmakefile; do
+            sed -f tool/prereq.status template/$mk.in > $mk
+          done
+
+      - name: Check for code styles
         run: |
-          grep -r -n --include='*.[chyS]' --include='*.asm' $'[^\t-~]' -- . && exit 1 || :
+          set -x
+          ruby tool/auto-style.rb "$GITHUB_OLD_SHA" "$GITHUB_NEW_SHA"
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+          GITHUB_NEW_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.merge_commit_sha }}
+        # Skip 'push' events because post_push.yml fixes them on push
+        if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
-      - name: Check for trailing spaces
+      - name: Check if date in man pages is up-to-date
         run: |
-          git grep -I -n $'[\t ]$' -- '*.rb' '*.[chy]' '*.rs' '*.yml' && exit 1 || :
-          git grep -n $'^[\t ][\t ]*$' -- '*.md' && exit 1 || :
+          git fetch origin --depth=1 "${GITHUB_OLD_SHA}"
+          git diff --exit-code --name-only "${GITHUB_OLD_SHA}" HEAD -- man ||
+          make V=1 GIT=git BASERUBY=ruby update-man-date
+          git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code -- man
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
 
       - name: Check for bash specific substitution in configure.ac
         run: |
@@ -52,24 +77,69 @@ jobs:
           exit $fail
         working-directory: include
 
+      - id: now
+        run: |
+          date +"mon=%-m"%n"day=%-d" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        env:
+          TZ: Asia/Tokyo
+
+      - id: deprecation
+        run: |
+          eval $(sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_API_VERSION_\(MAJOR\|MINOR\) /\1=/p' include/ruby/version.h)
+          if git --no-pager grep --color -o 'rb_warn_deprecated_to_remove_at('$MAJOR'\.'$MINOR',.*' -- '*.c' >&2; then
+              false
+          else
+              true
+          fi
+        continue-on-error: ${{ steps.now.outputs.mon < 12 }}
+
+      - name: Check if to generate documents
+        id: rdoc
+        run: |
+          set -- $(sed 's/#.*//;/^rdoc /!d' gems/bundled_gems)
+          { echo version=$2; echo ref=$4; } >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Checkout rdoc
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          repository: ruby/rdoc
+          ref: ${{ steps.rdoc.outputs.ref }}
+          path: .bundle/gems/rdoc-${{ steps.rdoc.outputs.version }}
+          persist-credentials: false
+        if: ${{ steps.rdoc.outputs.ref != '' }}
+
+      - name: Generate rdoc scripts
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          gempath=$(ruby -e 'print Gem.user_dir, "/bin"')
+          PATH=$gempath:$PATH
+          gem install --user bundler
+          bundle config --local path vendor/bundle
+          bundle install --jobs 4
+          bundle exec rake generate
+        working-directory: .bundle/gems/rdoc-${{ steps.rdoc.outputs.version }}
+        if: ${{ steps.rdoc.outputs.ref != '' }}
+
+      - name: Core docs coverage
+        run: |
+          make XRUBY=ruby RDOC_DEPENDS= RBCONFIG=update-rbconfig rdoc-coverage
+
       - name: Generate docs
         id: docs
         run: |
-          ruby -W0 --disable-gems -I./lib tool/rdoc-srcdir -q --op html .
+          make XRUBY=ruby RDOC_DEPENDS= RBCONFIG=update-rbconfig HTMLOUT=html html
           echo htmlout=ruby-html-${GITHUB_SHA:0:10} >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         # Generate only when document commit/PR
         if: >-
           ${{false
           || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ruby/rdoc]')
           || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-          || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
           || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-          || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
           || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
           }}
 
       - name: Upload docs
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           path: html
           name: ${{ steps.docs.outputs.htmlout }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_sast.yml b/.github/workflows/check_sast.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fd1be6542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_sast.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+name: 'Check SAST tool'
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ['master']
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 12 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions: # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: zizmor
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@5f14fd08f7cf1cb1609c1e344975f152c7ee938d # v0.5.6
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
+      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      security-events: write # for github/codeql-action/upload-sarif to send a status report
+    # CodeQL fails to run pull requests from dependabot due to missing write access to upload results.
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - language: cpp
+          - language: ruby
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@7211b7c8077ea37d8641b6271f6a365a22a5fbfa # v4.36.0
+        with:
+          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+          build-mode: none
+          config-file: .github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@7211b7c8077ea37d8641b6271f6a365a22a5fbfa # v4.36.0
+        with:
+          category: '/language:${{ matrix.language }}'
+          upload: False
+          output: sarif-results
+
+      - name: filter-sarif
+        uses: advanced-security/filter-sarif@2da736ff05ef065cb2894ac6892e47b5eac2c3c0 # v1.1
+        with:
+          patterns: |
+            +**/*.rb
+            -lib/uri/mailto.rb:rb/overly-large-range
+            -lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb:rb/overly-large-range
+            -lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/mailto.rb:rb/overly-large-range
+            -lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb:rb/overly-large-range
+            -spec/ruby/core/regexp/timeout_spec.rb:rb/redos
+            -test/ruby/test_io.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/io/binread_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/io/readlines_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/io/foreach_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/io/write_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/io/read_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+            -spec/ruby/core/kernel/open_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
+          input: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
+          output: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
+        if: ${{ matrix.language == 'ruby' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: filter-sarif
+        uses: advanced-security/filter-sarif@2da736ff05ef065cb2894ac6892e47b5eac2c3c0 # v1.1
+        with:
+          patterns: |
+            +**/*.c
+            +**/*.h
+          input: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
+          output: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
+        if: ${{ matrix.language == 'cpp' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Upload SARIF
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@7211b7c8077ea37d8641b6271f6a365a22a5fbfa # v4.36.0
+        with:
+          sarif_file: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
+        continue-on-error: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 5310d0875f..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-name: 'CodeQL'
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ['master']
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**/man/*'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
-      - '.*.yml'
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**/man/*'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
-      - '.*.yml'
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 12 * * *'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
-
-permissions: # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  analyze:
-    name: Analyze
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
-      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
-      security-events: write # for github/codeql-action/autobuild to send a status report
-    # CodeQL fails to run pull requests from dependabot due to missing write access to upload results.
-    if: >-
-      ${{!(false
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
-      )}}
-
-    env:
-      enable_install_doc: no
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - language: cpp
-          - language: ruby
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-
-      - name: Install libraries
-        if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'macos') }}
-        uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
-
-      - name: Install libraries
-        if : ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
-
-      - name: Remove an obsolete rubygems vendored file
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
-
-      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@df409f7d9260372bd5f19e5b04e83cb3c43714ae # v3.27.9
-        with:
-          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
-
-      - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@df409f7d9260372bd5f19e5b04e83cb3c43714ae # v3.27.9
-
-      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@df409f7d9260372bd5f19e5b04e83cb3c43714ae # v3.27.9
-        with:
-          category: '/language:${{ matrix.language }}'
-          upload: False
-          output: sarif-results
-
-      - name: filter-sarif
-        uses: advanced-security/filter-sarif@f3b8118a9349d88f7b1c0c488476411145b6270d # v1.0.1
-        with:
-          patterns: |
-            +**/*.rb
-            -lib/uri/mailto.rb:rb/overly-large-range
-            -lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb:rb/overly-large-range
-            -lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/mailto.rb:rb/overly-large-range
-            -lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb:rb/overly-large-range
-            -test/ruby/test_io.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/io/binread_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/io/readlines_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/io/foreach_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/io/write_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/io/read_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-            -spec/ruby/core/kernel/open_spec.rb:rb/non-constant-kernel-open
-          input: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
-          output: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
-        if: ${{ matrix.language == 'ruby' }}
-        continue-on-error: true
-
-      - name: Upload SARIF
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@df409f7d9260372bd5f19e5b04e83cb3c43714ae # v3.27.9
-        with:
-          sarif_file: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
-        continue-on-error: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
index 33e321b470..147470f38a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
     steps:
       - run: true
@@ -51,20 +49,21 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       # Set fetch-depth: 10 so that Launchable can receive commits information.
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - name: 'clang 18 LTO'
+      - name: 'clang 22 LTO'
         uses: './.github/actions/compilers'
         with:
-          tag: clang-18
-          with_gcc: 'clang-18 -flto=auto'
+          tag: clang-22
+          with_gcc: 'clang-22 -flto=auto'
           optflags: '-O2'
           enable_shared: false
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: '-O0', with: { optflags: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' } }
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: '-O0', with: { optflags: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
       # - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: '-O3', with: { optflags: '-O3 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic', check: true } }
 
   compile2:
@@ -73,27 +72,27 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - name: 'GCC 13 LTO'
+      - name: 'GCC 15 LTO'
         uses: './.github/actions/compilers'
         with:
-          tag: gcc-13
-          with_gcc: 'gcc-13 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -Werror=lto-type-mismatch'
+          tag: gcc-15
+          with_gcc: 'gcc-15 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -Werror=lto-type-mismatch'
           optflags: '-O2'
           enable_shared: false
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ext/Setup', with: { static_exts: 'etc json/* */escape' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 14', with: { tag: 'gcc-14' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 13', with: { tag: 'gcc-13' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 12', with: { tag: 'gcc-12' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 11', with: { tag: 'gcc-11' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 10', with: { tag: 'gcc-10' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 9',  with: { tag: 'gcc-9'  } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 8',  with: { tag: 'gcc-8'  } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 7',  with: { tag: 'gcc-7'  } }
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ext/Setup', with: { static_exts: 'etc json/* */escape' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 15', with: { tag: 'gcc-15' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 14', with: { tag: 'gcc-14' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 13', with: { tag: 'gcc-13' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 12', with: { tag: 'gcc-12' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 11', with: { tag: 'gcc-11' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 10', with: { tag: 'gcc-10' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 9',  with: { tag: 'gcc-9'  }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile3:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #3'
@@ -101,19 +100,18 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 21', with: { tag: 'clang-21' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 20', with: { tag: 'clang-20' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 19', with: { tag: 'clang-19' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 18', with: { tag: 'clang-18' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 17', with: { tag: 'clang-17' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 16', with: { tag: 'clang-16' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 15', with: { tag: 'clang-15' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 14', with: { tag: 'clang-14' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 20', with: { tag: 'clang-20' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 19', with: { tag: 'clang-19' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 18', with: { tag: 'clang-18' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 17', with: { tag: 'clang-17' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 16', with: { tag: 'clang-16' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 15', with: { tag: 'clang-15' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 14', with: { tag: 'clang-14' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile4:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #4'
@@ -121,20 +119,20 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 13', with: { tag: 'clang-13' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 12', with: { tag: 'clang-12' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 11', with: { tag: 'clang-11' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 10', with: { tag: 'clang-10' } }
-        # llvm-objcopy<=9 doesn't have --wildcard. It compiles, but leaves Rust symbols in libyjit.o.
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 9',  with: { tag: 'clang-9',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 8',  with: { tag: 'clang-8',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 7',  with: { tag: 'clang-7',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 6',  with: { tag: 'clang-6.0', append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 13', with: { tag: 'clang-13' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 12', with: { tag: 'clang-12' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 11', with: { tag: 'clang-11' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 10', with: { tag: 'clang-10' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+        # llvm-objcopy<=9 doesn't have --wildcard. It compiles, but leaves Rust symbols in libyjit.o and fail `make test-leaked-globals`.
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 9',  with: { tag: 'clang-9',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 8',  with: { tag: 'clang-8',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 7',  with: { tag: 'clang-7',   append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 6',  with: { tag: 'clang-6.0', append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile5:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #5'
@@ -142,10 +140,10 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
       # -Wno-strict-prototypes is necessary with current clang-15 since
       # older autoconf generate functions without prototype and -pedantic
@@ -153,14 +151,14 @@ jobs:
       # warning generates a lot of noise from use of ANYARGS in
       # rb_define_method() and friends.
       # See: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/11da1b53d8cd3507959022cd790d5a7ad4573d94
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C99',      with: { CFLAGS: '-std=c99 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C11',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C17',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C23',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++98', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++11', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++14', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++17', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C99',      with: { CFLAGS: '-std=c99 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C11',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C17',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C23',   with: { CFLAGS:   '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++98', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++11', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++14', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++17', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile6:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #6'
@@ -168,19 +166,19 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++20', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++20 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++23', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++23 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++26', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++26 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'gmp',                 with: { append_configure: '--with-gmp', check: 'ruby/test_bignum.rb', mspecopt: "/github/workspace/src/spec/ruby/core/integer" } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'jemalloc',            with: { append_configure: '--with-jemalloc' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'valgrind',            with: { append_configure: '--with-valgrind' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'coroutine=ucontext',  with: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'coroutine=pthread',   with: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=pthread' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++20', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++20 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++23', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++23 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'C++26', with: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++26 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'gmp',                 with: { append_configure: '--with-gmp', test_all: 'ruby/test_bignum.rb', test_spec: "/github/workspace/src/spec/ruby/core/integer" }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'jemalloc',            with: { append_configure: '--with-jemalloc' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'valgrind',            with: { append_configure: '--with-valgrind' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'coroutine=ucontext',  with: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'coroutine=pthread',   with: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=pthread' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile7:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #7'
@@ -188,19 +186,19 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-jit',         with: { append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-dln',         with: { append_configure: '--disable-dln' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'enable-mkmf-verbose', with: { append_configure: '--enable-mkmf-verbose' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-rubygems',    with: { append_configure: '--disable-rubygems' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RUBY_DEVEL',          with: { append_configure: '--enable-devel' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=0',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=0' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=1',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=2',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-jit',         with: { append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-yjit',        with: { append_configure: '--disable-yjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-zjit',        with: { append_configure: '--disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-dln',         with: { append_configure: '--disable-dln' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'enable-mkmf-verbose', with: { append_configure: '--enable-mkmf-verbose' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'disable-rubygems',    with: { append_configure: '--disable-rubygems' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RUBY_DEVEL',          with: { append_configure: '--enable-devel' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=0',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=0' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile8:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #8'
@@ -208,19 +206,18 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'NDEBUG',                         with: { cppflags: '-DNDEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RUBY_DEBUG',                     with: { cppflags: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ARRAY_DEBUG',                    with: { cppflags: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'BIGNUM_DEBUG',                   with: { cppflags: '-DBIGNUM_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'CCAN_LIST_DEBUG',                with: { cppflags: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'CPDEBUG=-1',                     with: { cppflags: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ENC_DEBUG',                      with: { cppflags: '-DENC_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_DEBUG',                       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'NDEBUG',                         with: { cppflags: '-DNDEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RUBY_DEBUG',                     with: { cppflags: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ARRAY_DEBUG',                    with: { cppflags: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'CCAN_LIST_DEBUG',                with: { cppflags: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'CPDEBUG=-1',                     with: { cppflags: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ENC_DEBUG',                      with: { cppflags: '-DENC_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_DEBUG',                       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compile9:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #9'
@@ -228,19 +225,19 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'HASH_DEBUG',                     with: { cppflags: '-DHASH_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ID_TABLE_DEBUG',                 with: { cppflags: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_DEBUG=-1',                with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'SYMBOL_DEBUG',                   with: { cppflags: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_CHECK_MODE',              with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_CHECK_MODE',                  with: { cppflags: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_EMBED_CI=0',                 with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_FLONUM=0',                   with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0', append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'HASH_DEBUG',                     with: { cppflags: '-DHASH_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'ID_TABLE_DEBUG',                 with: { cppflags: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_DEBUG=-1',                with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'SYMBOL_DEBUG',                   with: { cppflags: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_CHECK_MODE',              with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_CHECK_MODE',                  with: { cppflags: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_EMBED_CI=0',                 with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_FLONUM=0',                   with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0', append_configure: '--disable-yjit --disable-zjit' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compileX:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #10'
@@ -248,19 +245,20 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_LAZY_LOAD',                  with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_SYMBOL_GC=0',                with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_SYMBOL_GC=0' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_THREAD_CACHE=0',             with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_THREAD_CACHE=0' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1',           with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_DEBUG_COUNTER',              with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_DEBUG_COUNTER=1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'SHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING',      with: { cppflags: '-DSHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING=1' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS',       with: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK',             with: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_LAZY_LOAD',                  with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1',           with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'USE_DEBUG_COUNTER',              with: { cppflags: '-DUSE_DEBUG_COUNTER=1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'SHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING',      with: { cppflags: '-DSHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING=1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS',       with: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK',             with: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=1',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'OPT_THREADED_CODE=2',            with: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 21', with: { tag: 'clang-21' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compileB:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #11'
@@ -268,19 +266,18 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS',       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0',         with: { cppflags: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMORY',       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMORY' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL',         with: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK',    with: { cppflags: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC',      with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_OBJ_INFO',                with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_OBJ_INFO' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_PROFILE',                 with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS',       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0',         with: { cppflags: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMORY',       with: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMORY' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL',         with: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK',    with: { cppflags: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC',      with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'RGENGC_PROFILE',                 with: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compileC:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, #12'
@@ -288,16 +285,19 @@ jobs:
     needs: compile-if
     if: ${{ needs.compile-if.result == 'success' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    services: { docuum: { image: 'stephanmisc/docuum', options: '--init', volumes: [ '/root', '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock' ] } }
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - { uses: './.github/actions/setup/directories', with: { srcdir: 'src', builddir: 'build', makeup: true, fetch-depth: 10 } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK',              with: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE',   with: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'enable-yjit',                    with: { append_configure: '--enable-yjit' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'YJIT_FORCE_ENABLE',              with: { cppflags: '-DYJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' } }
-      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'UNIVERSAL_PARSER',               with: { cppflags: '-DUNIVERSAL_PARSER' } }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK',              with: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE',   with: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'YJIT_FORCE_ENABLE',              with: { cppflags: '-DYJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'UNIVERSAL_PARSER',               with: { cppflags: '-DUNIVERSAL_PARSER' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 23', with: { tag: 'clang-23' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'clang 22', with: { tag: 'clang-22' }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 8',  with: { tag: 'gcc-8'  }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
+      - { uses: './.github/actions/compilers', name: 'GCC 7',  with: { tag: 'gcc-7'  }, timeout-minutes: 5 }
 
   compilemax:
     name: 'omnibus compilations, result'
@@ -317,6 +317,8 @@ jobs:
       - 'compileB'
       - 'compileC'
     steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with: { sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false, sparse-checkout: /.github, persist-credentials: false }
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
           label: 'omnibus'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/crosscompile.yml b/.github/workflows/crosscompile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c28516e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/crosscompile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+name: Cross compile
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    # Do not use paths-ignore for required status checks
+    # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  make:
+    name: make (${{ matrix.host }} host on ${{ matrix.build }})
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - host: aarch64-linux-gnu
+            arch: arm64
+            build: x86_64-linux-gnu
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+            file_arch: ARM aarch64
+          - host: x86_64-linux-gnu
+            arch: amd64
+            build: aarch64-linux-gnu
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            file_arch: x86-64
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+
+      - name: Setup cross-compilation toolchain sources
+        run: |
+          native_arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)
+          # Restrict existing sources to native arch
+          sudo sed -i '/^Architectures:/d' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
+          sudo sed -i "/^Types:/a Architectures: ${native_arch}" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
+          # Add cross-arch sources
+          if [ "${{ matrix.arch }}" = "arm64" ]; then
+            cross_uri="http://ports.ubuntu.com/"
+          else
+            cross_uri="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"
+          fi
+          printf '%s\n' \
+            "Types: deb" \
+            "URIs: ${cross_uri}" \
+            "Suites: noble noble-updates noble-security" \
+            "Components: main universe" \
+            "Architectures: ${{ matrix.arch }}" \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cross-${{ matrix.arch }}.sources
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
+        with:
+          arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/baseruby
+        id: baseruby
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: >-
+          ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc
+          --prefix=/usr
+          --build=${{ matrix.build }}
+          --host=${{ matrix.host }}
+          --with-baseruby="$baseruby"
+        env:
+          baseruby: ${{ steps.baseruby.outputs.ruby }}
+
+      - run: make
+
+      - run: make install DESTDIR=$PWD/install
+
+      - name: Verify cross-compiled binary
+        run: |
+          file install/usr/bin/ruby
+          file install/usr/bin/ruby | grep -q '${{ matrix.file_arch }}'
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: cross ${{ matrix.host }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cygwin.yml b/.github/workflows/cygwin.yml
index 5b111bd389..5ab86c7b19 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cygwin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cygwin.yml
@@ -32,22 +32,24 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     steps:
       - run: git config --global core.autocrlf input
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@master
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@711d29f3da23c9f4a1798e369a6f01198c13b11a # v6.1
         with:
-          packages: ruby gcc-core make autoconf libtool libssl-devel libyaml-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel
+          packages: ruby gcc-core make autoconf libtool libssl-devel libyaml-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel rubygems
+          site: |
+            https://cygwin.osuosl.org/
 
       - name: configure
         run: |
@@ -65,3 +67,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: make -j4 V=1
         shell: C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE --noprofile --norc -e -o igncr -o pipefail {0}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: Cygwin
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/default_gems.yml b/.github/workflows/default_gems.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index ea2e287066..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/default_gems.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-name: Update default gems list
-on: [push, pull_request, merge_group]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  update_default_gems:
-    name: Update default gems list
-
-    permissions:
-      contents: write # for Git to git push
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with:
-          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
-        with:
-          makeup: true
-          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
-          checkout: '' # false (ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2238)
-
-      - id: gems
-        run: true
-        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-
-      - name: Download previous gems list
-        run: |
-          data=default_gems.json
-          mkdir -p .downloaded-cache
-          ln -s .downloaded-cache/$data .
-          curl -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
-        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
-
-      - name: Make default gems list
-        run: |
-          #!ruby
-          require 'rubygems'
-          $:.unshift "lib"
-          rgver = File.foreach("lib/rubygems.rb") do |line|
-            break $1 if /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"/ =~ line
-          end
-          gems = Dir.glob("{ext,lib}/**/*.gemspec").map do |f|
-            spec = Gem::Specification.load(f)
-            "#{spec.name} #{spec.version}"
-          end.sort
-          File.open("gems/default_gems", "w") do |f|
-            f.puts "RubyGems #{rgver}"
-            f.puts gems
-          end
-        shell: ruby --disable=gems {0}
-        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
-
-      - name: Maintain updated gems list in NEWS
-        run: |
-          ruby tool/update-NEWS-gemlist.rb default
-        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
-
-      - name: Check diffs
-        id: diff
-        run: |
-          git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code NEWS.md ||
-          echo update=true >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
-
-      - name: Commit
-        run: |
-          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-          git commit --message="Update default gems list at ${GITHUB_SHA:0:30} [ci skip]" NEWS.md
-          git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
-        env:
-          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
-          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
-          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
-        if: >-
-          ${{
-          github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' &&
-          !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') &&
-          steps.diff.outputs.update
-          }}
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
-        with:
-          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/default_gems_list.yml b/.github/workflows/default_gems_list.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f52b83103c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/default_gems_list.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+name: Update default gems list
+on: [push, pull_request, merge_group]
+
+env:
+  UPDATE_NEWS_ENABLED: true
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  update_default_gems_list:
+    name: Update default gems list
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # for Git to git push
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2 # zizmor: ignore[artipacked]
+        with:
+          token: ${{ (github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull')) && secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - id: gems
+        run: true
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          makeup: true
+          # Skip overwriting MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN
+          checkout: '' # false (ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2238)
+        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
+
+      - name: Download previous gems list
+        run: |
+          data=default_gems.json
+          mkdir -p .downloaded-cache
+          ln -s .downloaded-cache/$data .
+          curl --retry 5 --retry-connrefused --retry-delay 2 --retry-max-time 60 -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
+        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
+
+      - name: Make default gems list
+        run: |
+          #!ruby
+          require 'rubygems'
+          $:.unshift "lib"
+          rgver = File.foreach("lib/rubygems.rb") do |line|
+            break $1 if /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"/ =~ line
+          end
+          gems = Dir.glob("{ext,lib}/**/*.gemspec").map do |f|
+            spec = Gem::Specification.load(f)
+            "#{spec.name} #{spec.version}"
+          end.sort
+          File.open("gems/default_gems", "w") do |f|
+            f.puts "RubyGems #{rgver}"
+            f.puts gems
+          end
+        shell: ruby --disable=gems {0}
+        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
+
+      - name: Maintain updated gems list in NEWS
+        run: |
+          ruby tool/update-NEWS-gemlist.rb default
+        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' && env.UPDATE_NEWS_ENABLED == 'true' }}
+
+      - name: Check diffs
+        id: diff
+        run: |
+          git diff --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code NEWS.md ||
+          echo update=true >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        if: ${{ steps.gems.outcome == 'success' }}
+
+      - name: Commit
+        run: |
+          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+          git commit --message="Update default gems list at ${GITHUB_SHA:0:30} [ci skip]" NEWS.md
+          git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+        env:
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+        if: >-
+          ${{
+          github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' &&
+          !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') &&
+          steps.diff.outputs.update
+          }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/dependabot_automerge.yml b/.github/workflows/dependabot_automerge.yml
index 69ab5d9131..2e4dc8d7a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/dependabot_automerge.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dependabot_automerge.yml
@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 # from https://github.com/gofiber/swagger/blob/main/.github/workflows/dependabot_automerge.yml
 name: Dependabot auto-merge
 on:
-  pull_request_target:
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
 
 jobs:
   automerge:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' }}
-
+    if: github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && github.repository == 'ruby/ruby'
     steps:
       - name: Dependabot metadata
-        uses: dependabot/fetch-metadata@dbb049abf0d677abbd7f7eee0375145b417fdd34 # v2.2.0
+        uses: dependabot/fetch-metadata@25dd0e34f4fe68f24cc83900b1fe3fe149efef98 # v3.1.0
         id: metadata
 
       - name: Wait for status checks
-        uses: lewagon/wait-on-check-action@ccfb013c15c8afb7bf2b7c028fb74dc5a068cccc # v1.3.4
+        uses: lewagon/wait-on-check-action@9312864dfbc9fd208e9c0417843430751c042800 # v1.7.0
         with:
-          repo-token: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
           check-regexp: 'make \(check, .*\)'
           wait-interval: 30
@@ -27,4 +29,4 @@ jobs:
         run: gh pr merge --auto --rebase "$PR_URL"
         env:
           PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_DEPENDABOT_MERGE_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
index e57cd86e2b..d0a8024b05 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: "Pull Request Labeler"
 on:
 - pull_request_target
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   labeler:
     permissions:
@@ -9,4 +12,4 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v5
+    - uses: actions/labeler@f27b608878404679385c85cfa523b85ccb86e213 # v6.1.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
index 6e74fa18e2..501d35698b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -26,27 +26,29 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - test_task: check
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
           - test_task: check
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-15
             configure_args: '--with-gcc=gcc-14'
           - test_task: check
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
             configure_args: '--with-jemalloc --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix jemalloc)'
           - test_task: check
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
             configure_args: '--with-gmp'
           - test_task: test-all
             test_opts: --repeat-count=2
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
           - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
           - test_task: test-bundled-gems
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-26
           - test_task: check
             os: macos-15
           - test_task: check
-            os: macos-13
+            os: macos-15-intel
+          - test_task: check
+            os: macos-14
       fail-fast: false
 
     env:
@@ -57,18 +59,17 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install libraries
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
@@ -107,6 +108,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - run: make hello
 
+      - name: runirb
+        run: |
+          echo IRB::VERSION | make runirb RUNOPT="-- -f"
+
       - name: Set test options for skipped tests
         run: |
           set -x
@@ -115,6 +120,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
           os: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -123,6 +129,7 @@ jobs:
           builddir: build
           srcdir: src
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - name: Set extra test options
         run: |
@@ -132,19 +139,18 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: |
-          if [ -n "${LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION}" ]; then
-            exec
-            > >(tee launchable_stdout.log) \
-            2> >(tee launchable_stderr.log)
-          fi
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
 
           ulimit -c unlimited
           make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"}
-        timeout-minutes: 60
+        timeout-minutes: 90
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
 
       - name: make skipped tests
         run: |
@@ -156,32 +162,24 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
 
+      - name: CAPI extensions
+        uses: ./.github/actions/capiext
+        with:
+          builddir: build
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-v --tty=no'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.extra_checks, 'capi') }}
+
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
           label: ${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
         if: ${{ failure() }}
 
-      - name: Resolve job ID
-        id: job_id
-        uses: actions/github-script@main
-        env:
-          matrix: ${{ toJson(matrix) }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { data: workflow_run } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              run_id: context.runId
-            });
-            const matrix = JSON.parse(process.env.matrix);
-            const job_name = `${context.job}${matrix ? ` (${Object.values(matrix).join(", ")})` : ""}`;
-            return workflow_run.jobs.find((job) => job.name === job_name).id;
-
   result:
     if: ${{ always() }}
     name: ${{ github.workflow }} result
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [make]
     steps:
       - run: exit 1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
index 01de0917c9..1efae8be59 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
@@ -30,16 +30,32 @@ permissions:
 #
 jobs:
   make:
-    runs-on: windows-2022
+    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.os }}
 
     name: ${{ github.workflow }} (${{ matrix.msystem }})
 
     env:
       MSYSTEM: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
-      MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
-      CHOST: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32'
-      CFLAGS: '-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe'
-      CXXFLAGS: '-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe'
+      MSYS2_ARCH: >-
+        ${{ case(
+        contains(matrix.msystem, 'arm64'), 'aarch64',
+        contains(matrix.msystem, '64'), 'x86_64',
+        'i686'
+        ) }}
+      MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX: >-
+        mingw-w${{
+        case(endsWith(matrix.msystem, '64'), '64', '32')
+        }}-${{ case(
+        startsWith(matrix.msystem, 'clang'), 'clang',
+        startsWith(matrix.msystem, 'ucrt'), 'ucrt',
+        'mingw'
+        ) }}-${{ case(
+        contains(matrix.msystem, 'arm64'), 'aarch64',
+        endsWith(matrix.msystem, '64'), 'x86_64',
+        'i686'
+        ) }}
+      CFLAGS: '-mtune=generic -O3 -pipe'
+      CXXFLAGS: '-mtune=generic -O3 -pipe'
       CPPFLAGS: '-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048'
       LDFLAGS: '-pipe'
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
@@ -50,54 +66,113 @@ jobs:
           # To mitigate flakiness of MinGW CI, we test only one runtime that newer MSYS2 uses.
           # Ruby 3.2 is the first Windows Ruby to use OpenSSL 3.x
           - msystem: 'UCRT64'
-            baseruby: '3.2'
+            os: 2022
             test_task: 'check'
             test-all-opts: '--name=!/TestObjSpace#test_reachable_objects_during_iteration/'
+          - msystem: 'CLANGARM64'
+            os: 11-arm
+            test_task: 'check'
       fail-fast: false
 
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/vcpkg'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - name: Set up Ruby & MSYS2
-        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@e9898307ac31d1a803454791be09ab9973336e1c # v2.31.1
+        id: msys2
         with:
-          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.baseruby }}
+          msystem: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+          update: true
+          install: >-
+            git
+            make
+            ruby
+            autoconf
+            ${{ env.MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX }}-gcc
+            ${{ env.MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX }}-ragel
+            ${{ env.MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX }}-openssl
+            ${{ env.MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX }}-libyaml
+            ${{ env.MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX }}-libffi
+
+      - name: Set up env
+        id: setup-env
+        working-directory:
+        run: |
+          $msys2 = ${env:MSYS2_LOCATION}
+          $msystem = ${env:MSYSTEM}.ToLower()
+          echo $msys2\usr\bin $msys2\$msystem\bin |
+            Tee-Object ${env:GITHUB_PATH} -Append -Encoding utf-8
+
+          # Use the fast device for the temporary directory.
+          # %TEMP% is inconsistent with %TMP% and test-all expects they are consistent.
+          # https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/712#issuecomment-613004302
+          $tmp = ${env:RUNNER_TEMP}
+          echo HOME=$home TMP=$tmp TEMP=$tmp TMPDIR=$tmp |
+            Tee-Object ${env:GITHUB_ENV} -Append -Encoding utf-8
+        shell: pwsh             # cmd.exe does not strip spaces before `|`.
+        env:
+          MSYS2_LOCATION: ${{ steps.msys2.outputs.msys2-location }}
+          MSYSTEM: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+
+      - name: Remove Strawberry Perl pkg-config
+        working-directory:
+        # `pkg-config.bat` included in Strawberry Perl is written in
+        # Perl and doesn't work when another msys2 `perl` precede its
+        # own `perl`.
+        #
+        # ```
+        # Can't find C:\Strawberry\perl\bin\pkg-config.bat on PATH, '.' not in PATH.
+        # ```
+        run: |
+          Get-Command pkg-config.bat | % { ren $_.path ($_.path + "~") }
+        shell: pwsh
 
       - name: Misc system & package info
         working-directory:
         run: |
-          # show where
-          result=true
-          for e in gcc.exe ragel.exe make.exe libcrypto-3-x64.dll libssl-3-x64.dll; do
-            echo ::group::$'\033[93m'$e$'\033[m'
-            where $e || result=false
-            echo ::endgroup::
-          done
-          # show version
-          for e in gcc ragel make "openssl version"; do
-            case "$e" in *" "*) ;; *) e="$e --version";; esac
-            echo ::group::$'\033[93m'$e$'\033[m'
-            $e || result=false
-            echo ::endgroup::
-          done
-          # show packages
-          echo ::group::$'\033[93m'Packages$'\033[m'
-          pacman -Qs mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-* | sed -n "s,local/mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-,,p"
-          echo ::endgroup::
-          $result
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+          group() { echo ::group::$'\e[94;1m'"$*"$'\e[m'; }
+          endgroup() { echo ::endgroup::; }
+
+          group Path
+          cygpath -wa / . $(type -p cygpath bash sh)
+          endgroup
+
+          I() {
+              group $1
+              run Where type -pa $1 && { [ $# -eq 1 ] || run Version "$@"; } ||
+                  failed+=($1)
+              endgroup
+          }
+          run() { local w m=$1; shift; w="$("$@")" && show "$m" && indent "$w"; }
+          indent() { [ -z "$1" ] || echo "$1" | /bin/sed '/^$/!s/^/  /'; }
+          show() { echo $'\e[96m'"$*"$'\e[m'; }
+
+          failed=()
+
+          I gcc.exe --version
+          I ragel.exe --version
+          I make.exe --version
+          I openssl.exe version
+          I libcrypto-3-x64.dll
+          I libssl-3-x64.dll
+
+          group Packages
+          pacman -Qs $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-* | /bin/sed -n "s,local/$MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-,,p"
+          endgroup
+
+          [ ${#failed[@]} -eq 0 ]
+        shell: sh
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
@@ -111,6 +186,9 @@ jobs:
         run: >
           ../src/configure --disable-install-doc --prefix=/.
           --build=$CHOST --host=$CHOST --target=$CHOST
+        shell: sh
+        env:
+          CHOST: ${{ env.MSYS2_ARCH }}-w64-mingw32
 
       - name: make all
         timeout-minutes: 30
@@ -128,11 +206,11 @@ jobs:
           srcdir: src
           test-tasks: '["test", "test-all", "test-spec"]'
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - name: test
         timeout-minutes: 30
-        run: make test
-        shell: cmd
+        run: make test test-tool
         env:
           GNUMAKEFLAGS: ''
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-v --tty=no'
@@ -140,7 +218,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: test-all
         timeout-minutes: 45
-        shell: cmd
         run: |
           make ${{ StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'test/') && matrix.test_task || 'test-all' }}
         env:
@@ -155,7 +232,6 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
           make ${{ StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/') && matrix.test_task || 'test-spec' }}
-        shell: cmd
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' || matrix.test_task == 'test-spec' || StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/') }}
 
       - uses: ./src/.github/actions/slack
@@ -167,4 +243,4 @@ jobs:
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: build
-    shell: sh
+    shell: cmd
diff --git a/.github/workflows/modgc.yml b/.github/workflows/modgc.yml
index e33daf06fa..bd3c6ab575 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/modgc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/modgc.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
           - name: default
           - name: mmtk
             mmtk_build: release
-        os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
+        os: [macos-26, ubuntu-latest]
         include:
           - test_task: check
       fail-fast: false
@@ -42,18 +42,17 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install libraries (macOS)
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
@@ -63,9 +62,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
           bundler: none
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
 
@@ -102,18 +101,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run configure
         env:
           arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
-        run: >-
-          $SETARCH ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-modular-gc=${{ env.MODULAR_GC_DIR }}
+        run: |
+          ${SETARCH} ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-modular-gc="${MODULAR_GC_DIR}" \
           ${arch:+--target=$arch-$OSTYPE --host=$arch-$OSTYPE}
 
-      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@46268bd060767258de96ed93c1251119784f2ab6 # v1.16.1
+        with:
+          cache-bin: false
       - name: Set MMTk environment variables
         run: |
           echo 'EXCLUDES=../src/test/.excludes-mmtk' >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo 'MSPECOPT=-B../src/spec/mmtk.mspec' >> $GITHUB_ENV
         if: ${{ matrix.gc.name == 'mmtk' }}
 
-      - run: $SETARCH make
+      - run: ${SETARCH} make
 
       - name: Build Modular  GC
         run: |
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ jobs:
           make install-modular-gc MODULAR_GC=${{ matrix.gc.name }} MMTK_BUILD=${{ matrix.gc.mmtk_build }}
           make distclean-modular-gc MODULAR_GC=${{ matrix.gc.name }}
 
-      - run: $SETARCH make hello
+      - run: ${SETARCH} make hello
 
       - name: Set test options for skipped tests
         run: |
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
           os: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
@@ -139,27 +141,27 @@ jobs:
           builddir: build
           srcdir: src
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: |
-          if [ -n "${LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION}" ]; then
-            exec
-            > >(tee launchable_stdout.log) \
-            2> >(tee launchable_stderr.log)
-          fi
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
 
-          $SETARCH make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} \
+          ${SETARCH} make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} \
             ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
             ${{ !contains(matrix.test_task, 'bundle') && 'RUBYOPT=-w' || '' }}
         timeout-minutes: ${{ matrix.gc.timeout || 40 }}
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
 
       - name: make skipped tests
         run: |
-          $SETARCH make -s test-all TESTS="${TESTS//-n!\//-n/}"
+          ${SETARCH} make -s test-all TESTS="${TESTS//-n!\//-n/}"
         env:
           GNUMAKEFLAGS: ''
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-v --tty=no'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/parse_y.yml b/.github/workflows/parse_y.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0082f71de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/parse_y.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+name: parse.y
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - test_task: check
+          - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
+          - test_task: test-bundled-gems
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
+      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
+      SETARCH: ${{ matrix.arch && format('setarch {0}', matrix.arch) }}
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+          clean: true
+          dummy-files: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=-DRUBY_DEBUG --with-parser=parse.y
+
+      - run: make
+
+      - run: make TESTRUN_SCRIPT='-renvutil -v -e "exit EnvUtil.current_parser == %[parse.y]"' run
+        env:
+          RUNOPT0: -I$(tooldir)/lib
+
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS"
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: ${{ matrix.testopts }}
+          EXCLUDES: '../src/test/.excludes-parsey'
+          RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.run_opts || '--parser=parse.y' }}
+          SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts || '-T --parser=parse.y' }}
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ${{ matrix.run_opts }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/parsey.yml b/.github/workflows/parsey.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d5e314eaf..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/parsey.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-name: parse.y
-on:
-  push:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**/man/*'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
-      - '.*.yml'
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'doc/**'
-      - '**/man/*'
-      - '**.md'
-      - '**.rdoc'
-      - '**/.document'
-      - '.*.yml'
-  merge_group:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  make:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - test_task: check
-          - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
-          - test_task: test-bundled-gems
-      fail-fast: false
-
-    env:
-      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
-      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
-      SETARCH: ${{ matrix.arch && format('setarch {0}', matrix.arch) }}
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    if: >-
-      ${{!(false
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
-      )}}
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-          sparse-checkout: /.github
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
-        with:
-          srcdir: src
-          builddir: build
-          makeup: true
-          clean: true
-          dummy-files: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
-
-      - name: Run configure
-        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=-DRUBY_DEBUG --with-parser=parse.y
-
-      - run: make
-
-      - run: make TESTRUN_SCRIPT='-e "exit !RUBY_DESCRIPTION.include?(%[+PRISM])"' run
-
-      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
-        run: make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS"
-        env:
-          RUBY_TESTOPTS: ${{ matrix.testopts }}
-          EXCLUDES: '../src/test/.excludes-parsey'
-          RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.run_opts || '--parser=parse.y' }}
-          SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts || '-T --parser=parse.y' }}
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
-
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
-        with:
-          label: ${{ matrix.run_opts }}
-          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/post_push.yml b/.github/workflows/post_push.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..237679ebb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/post_push.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+name: Post-push
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - 'ruby_*_*'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  hooks:
+    name: Post-push hooks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Sync git.ruby-lang.org
+        id: sync-git
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p ~/.ssh
+          (umask 066; printenv RUBY_GIT_SYNC_PRIVATE_KEY > ~/.ssh/id_ed25519)
+          ssh-keyscan -t ed25519 git.ruby-lang.org >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+          ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 git-sync@git.ruby-lang.org "sudo -u git /home/git/git.ruby-lang.org/bin/update-ruby.sh $GITHUB_REF"
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+          RUBY_GIT_SYNC_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUBY_GIT_SYNC_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/ruby_') }}
+
+      - name: Fetch changesets on bugs.ruby-lang.org
+        run: |
+          curl "https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/sys/fetch_changesets?key=${REDMINE_SYS_API_KEY}" -s --fail-with-body -w '* status: %{http_code}\n'
+        env:
+          REDMINE_SYS_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.REDMINE_SYS_API_KEY }}
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/ruby_') }}
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2 # zizmor: ignore[artipacked]
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 500 # for notify-slack-commits
+          token: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Notify commit to Slack
+        run: ruby tool/notify-slack-commits.rb "$GITHUB_OLD_SHA" "$GITHUB_NEW_SHA" refs/heads/master
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.before }}
+          GITHUB_NEW_SHA: ${{ github.event.after }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_ALERTS: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_ALERTS }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_COMMITS: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_COMMITS }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_RUBY_JP: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL_RUBY_JP }}
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Notify commit to ruby-cvs
+        run: |
+          SENDMAIL="ssh -i ${HOME}/.ssh/id_ed25519 git-sync@git.ruby-lang.org /usr/sbin/sendmail" \
+            ruby tool/commit-email.rb . ruby-cvs@g.ruby-lang.org \
+            "$GITHUB_OLD_SHA" "$GITHUB_NEW_SHA" "$GITHUB_REF" \
+            --viewer-uri "https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/" \
+            --error-to cvs-admin@ruby-lang.org
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.before }}
+          GITHUB_NEW_SHA: ${{ github.event.after }}
+          GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/ruby_') }}
+
+      - name: Auto-correct code styles
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ruby tool/auto-style.rb "$GITHUB_OLD_SHA" "$GITHUB_NEW_SHA" refs/heads/master
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.before }}
+          GITHUB_NEW_SHA: ${{ github.event.after }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Push PR notes to GitHub
+        id: pr-notes
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: ruby tool/notes-github-pr.rb "$(pwd)/.git" "$GITHUB_OLD_SHA" "$GITHUB_NEW_SHA" refs/heads/master
+        env:
+          GITHUB_OLD_SHA: ${{ github.event.before }}
+          GITHUB_NEW_SHA: ${{ github.event.after }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Check for failures
+        run: exit 1
+        if: ${{ steps.sync-git.outcome == 'failure' || steps.pr-notes.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-playground.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-playground.yml
index cc06006142..dc4f075a38 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-playground.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-playground.yml
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ on:
     workflows: ["WebAssembly"]
     types: [completed]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 jobs:
   post-summary:
     name: Post Playground link
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         && github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request')
       }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index 5d4474d978..5d16915e10 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -1,18 +1,114 @@
-name: Start release workflow
+name: Publish Ruby packages
+
 on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - '*'
+  repository_dispatch:
+    types:
+      - release
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Version of the Ruby package to release'
+        required: true
+        default: '4.0.0'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  notify:
+  release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Build release package
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 3.3.4
+
+      - name: Store Ruby version
+        env:
+          RUBY_VERSION: ${{ github.event.client_payload.version || github.event.inputs.version }}
+        run: |
+          echo "RUBY_VERSION=${RUBY_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Store ABI version
+        run: echo "ABI_VERSION=$(echo ${RUBY_VERSION} | cut -d '.' -f 1-2)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Copy draft package `/tmp` to `/pub` directory
+        run: tool/release.sh ${RUBY_VERSION}
+        env:
+          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.FTP_R_L_O_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.FTP_R_L_O_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: us-west-2
+
+      - name: Purge URLs of release package
+        run: |
+          curl -X POST \
+            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
+            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${ABI_VERSION}/ruby-${RUBY_VERSION}.tar.gz
+          curl -X POST \
+            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
+            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${ABI_VERSION}/ruby-${RUBY_VERSION}.tar.xz
+          curl -X POST \
+            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
+            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${ABI_VERSION}/ruby-${RUBY_VERSION}.zip
+
+      - name: Create a release on GitHub
+        run: |
+          RELEASE_TAG=$(ruby tool/ruby-version.rb tag "${RUBY_VERSION}")
+          echo $RELEASE_TAG
+          PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG=$(ruby tool/ruby-version.rb previous-tag "${RUBY_VERSION}")
+          echo $PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG
+          tool/gen-github-release.rb $PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG $RELEASE_TAG --no-dry-run
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Update versions index
         run: |
           curl -L -X POST \
             -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
             -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
             -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
             https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/actions/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "${{ github.ref }}"}'
+            -d '{"event_type": "update_index"}'
+
+      - name: Build and push Docker images
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/docker-images/dispatches \
+            -d "{\"event_type\": \"build\", \"client_payload\": {\"ruby_version\": \"${RUBY_VERSION}\"}}"
+
+      - name: Build snapcraft packages
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/snap.ruby/dispatches \
+            -d "{\"event_type\": \"build\", \"client_payload\": {\"ruby_version\": \"${RUBY_VERSION}\"}}"
+
+      - name: Store the latest LTS version of OpenSSL
+        run: |
+          echo "OPENSSL_VERSION=`curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/openssl/openssl/releases | jq -r '.[].tag_name | select(startswith("openssl-3.0"))' | sort -Vr | head -n1 | cut -d'-' -f2`" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Update ruby-build definition
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.RUBY_BUILD_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/rbenv/ruby-build/dispatches \
+            -d "{\"event_type\": \"update-ruby\", \"client_payload\": {\"ruby_version\": \"${RUBY_VERSION}\", \"openssl_version\": \"${OPENSSL_VERSION}\"}}"
+
+      - name: Update all-ruby definition
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/all-ruby/dispatches \
+            -d '{"event_type": "update"}'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 25916066d6..a35bcff99a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,107 +1,21 @@
-name: Publish Ruby packages
-
+name: Start release workflow
 on:
-  repository_dispatch:
-    types:
-      - release
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      version:
-        description: 'Version of the Ruby package to release'
-        required: true
-        default: '3.3.4'
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '*'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  release:
+  notify:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
-        with:
-          ruby-version: 3.3.4
-
-      - name: Store Ruby version
-        run: |
-          echo "RUBY_VERSION=${{ github.event.client_payload.version || github.event.inputs.version }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Store ABI version
-        run: echo "ABI_VERSION=$(echo ${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }} | cut -d '.' -f 1-2)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Copy draft package `/tmp` to `/pub` directory
-        run: tool/release.sh ${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}
-        env:
-          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.FTP_R_L_O_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.FTP_R_L_O_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: us-west-2
-
-      - name: Purge URLs of release package
-        run: |
-          curl -X POST \
-            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
-            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${{ env.ABI_VERSION }}/ruby-${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}.tar.gz
-          curl -X POST \
-            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
-            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${{ env.ABI_VERSION }}/ruby-${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}.tar.xz
-          curl -X POST \
-            -H "Fastly-Key: ${{ secrets.FASTLY_PURGE_TOKEN }}" \
-            https://api.fastly.com/purge/cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${{ env.ABI_VERSION }}/ruby-${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}.zip
-
-      - name: Create a release on GitHub
-        run: |
-          RELEASE_TAG=$(echo v${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }} | sed 's/\./_/g')
-          echo $RELEASE_TAG
-          PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG=$(echo $RELEASE_TAG | awk 'BEGIN {FS="_"; OFS="_"}{ $NF=$NF-1; print }')
-          echo $PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG
-          tool/gen-github-release.rb $PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG $RELEASE_TAG --no-dry-run
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Update versions index
+      - name: Build release package
         run: |
           curl -L -X POST \
             -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
             -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
             -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
             https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/actions/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "update_index"}'
-
-      - name: Build and push Docker images
-        run: |
-          curl -L -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/docker-images/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "build", "client_payload": {"ruby_version": "${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}"}}'
-
-      - name: Build snapcraft packages
-        run: |
-          curl -L -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/snap.ruby/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "build", "client_payload": {"ruby_version": "${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}"}}'
-
-      - name: Store the latest LTS version of OpenSSL
-        run: |
-          echo "OPENSSL_VERSION=`curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/openssl/openssl/releases | jq -r '.[].tag_name | select(startswith("openssl-3.0"))' | sort -Vr | head -n1 | cut -d'-' -f2`" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Update ruby-build definition
-        run: |
-          curl -L -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.RUBY_BUILD_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/rbenv/ruby-build/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "update-ruby", "client_payload": {"ruby_version": "${{ env.RUBY_VERSION }}", "openssl_version": "${{ env.OPENSSL_VERSION }}"}}'
-
-      - name: Update all-ruby definition
-        run: |
-          curl -L -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/all-ruby/dispatches \
-            -d '{"event_type": "update"}'
+            -d "{\"event_type\": \"$GITHUB_REF\"}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust-warnings.yml b/.github/workflows/rust-warnings.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23ed164405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust-warnings.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Surface Rust warnings on PRs that touch any Rust code.
+# Not a required check so we never block people over new warnings
+# that might come from a new Rust version being released.
+name: Rust warnings
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+    paths:
+      - '**.rs'
+      - '!**.inc.rs'
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  rust-warnings:
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup default beta
+
+      - name: Rust warnings
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -eu
+          cargo check --quiet --all-features --message-format=json \
+            | jq -r 'select(.message.level | IN("warning", "error")) | .message.rendered' \
+            | tee messages.txt
+          (exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}") && ! grep --quiet '[^[:space:]]' messages.txt
+
+      - name: "📜 `rustdoc` warnings"
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -eu
+          cargo doc --document-private-items --all --no-deps --message-format=json \
+            | jq -r 'select(.message.level | IN("warning", "error")) | .message.rendered' \
+            | tee messages.txt
+          (exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}") && ! grep --quiet '[^[:space:]]' messages.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index afc41298ba..74c13f98fa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # by a third-party and are governed by separate terms of service, privacy
 # policy, and support documentation.
 
-name: Scorecards supply-chain security
+name: Scorecard supply-chain security
 on:
   # For Branch-Protection check. Only the default branch is supported. See
   # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#branch-protection
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ on:
   # To guarantee Maintained check is occasionally updated. See
   # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#maintained
   schedule:
-    - cron: '22 4 * * 2'
+    - cron: '39 3 * * 5'
   # push:
   #   branches: [ "master" ]
 
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ permissions: read-all
 
 jobs:
   analysis:
-    name: Scorecards analysis
+    name: Scorecard analysis
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # `publish_results: true` only works when run from the default branch. conditional can be removed if disabled.
+    if: github.event.repository.default_branch == github.ref_name || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
     permissions:
       # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
       security-events: write
@@ -31,21 +33,21 @@ jobs:
       # actions: read
 
     steps:
-      - name: 'Checkout code'
-        uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - name: "Checkout code"
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: 'Run analysis'
-        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@62b2cac7ed8198b15735ed49ab1e5cf35480ba46 # v2.4.0
+      - name: "Run analysis"
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@4eaacf0543bb3f2c246792bd56e8cdeffafb205a # v2.4.3
         with:
           results_file: results.sarif
           results_format: sarif
-          # (Optional) Read-only PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
+          # (Optional) "write" PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
           # - you want to enable the Branch-Protection check on a *public* repository, or
-          # - you are installing Scorecards on a *private* repository
-          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#authentication-with-pat.
-          repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_READ_TOKEN }}
+          # - you are installing Scorecard on a *private* repository
+          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action?tab=readme-ov-file#authentication-with-fine-grained-pat-optional.
+          # repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_TOKEN }}
 
           # Public repositories:
           #   - Publish results to OpenSSF REST API for easy access by consumers
@@ -56,17 +58,21 @@ jobs:
           #     of the value entered here.
           publish_results: true
 
+          # (Optional) Uncomment file_mode if you have a .gitattributes with files marked export-ignore
+          # file_mode: git
+
       # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
       # format to the repository Actions tab.
-      # - name: "Upload artifact"
-      #   uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b7f8abb1508181956e8e162db84b466c27e18ce # v3.1.2
-      #   with:
-      #     name: SARIF file
-      #     path: results.sarif
-      #     retention-days: 5
+      - name: "Upload artifact"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: SARIF file
+          path: results.sarif
+          retention-days: 5
 
-      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
-      - name: 'Upload to code-scanning'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@df409f7d9260372bd5f19e5b04e83cb3c43714ae # v3.27.9
+      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard (optional).
+      # Commenting out will disable upload of results to your repo's Code Scanning dashboard
+      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@7211b7c8077ea37d8641b6271f6a365a22a5fbfa # v4.36.0
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
index c08cf2ff88..856b6e434e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     strategy:
@@ -41,16 +39,17 @@ jobs:
         # Specs from ruby/spec should still run on all supported Ruby versions.
         # This also ensures the needed ruby_version_is guards are there, see spec/README.md.
         ruby:
-          - ruby-3.0
-          - ruby-3.1
-          - ruby-3.2
           - ruby-3.3
           - ruby-3.4
+          - ruby-4.0
+      fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@4a9ddd6f338a97768b8006bf671dfbad383215f4 # v1.207.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync_default_gems.yml b/.github/workflows/sync_default_gems.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fd1945449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync_default_gems.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: Sync default gems
+
+env:
+  DEFAULT_GEM_SYNC_ENABLED: true
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      gem:
+        required: true
+        description: 'Name of the gem to be synchronized'
+        type: string
+      before:
+        required: true
+        description: 'Gem commit SHA before sync'
+        type: string
+      after:
+        required: true
+        description: 'Gem commit SHA after sync'
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  sync_default_gems:
+    name: Sync default gem ${{ github.event.inputs.gem }}
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # for Git to git push
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2 # zizmor: ignore[artipacked]
+        name: Check out ruby/ruby
+        with:
+          token: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && secrets.MATZBOT_AUTO_UPDATE_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.4'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - name: Run tool/sync_default_gems.rb
+        id: sync
+        run: |
+          ruby_before=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+          set -x
+          ruby tool/sync_default_gems.rb "${gem_name}" "${gem_before}..${gem_after}"
+          if [[ "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" != "$ruby_before" ]]; then
+            echo update=true >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+        env:
+          gem_name: ${{ github.event.inputs.gem }}
+          gem_before: ${{ github.event.inputs.before }}
+          gem_after: ${{ github.event.inputs.after }}
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+
+      - name: Push
+        run: |
+          git pull --rebase origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+          git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+        if: ${{ steps.sync.outputs.update && env.DEFAULT_GEM_SYNC_ENABLED == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+          label: "${{ github.event.inputs.gem }} (<https://github.com/${{ github.event.inputs.gem == 'rubygems' && 'rubygems' || 'ruby' }}/${{ github.event.inputs.gem }}/compare/${{ github.event.inputs.before }}...${{ github.event.inputs.after }}|diff>)"
+          event_name: workflow_dispatch
+          extra_channel_id: C05FPKAU743 # alerts-sync
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-macos.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bec94d528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-macos.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+name: tarball-macos (reusable)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      archname:
+        description: 'archname (e.g. snapshot-master, snapshot-ruby_3_3)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      notify-release-channel:
+        description: 'Also send failure notifications to SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL (schedule/release builds).'
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL:
+        required: false
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  macos:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [check, test-bundled-gems, test-bundler-parallel]
+        os: [macos-26, macos-15, macos-14]
+        include:
+          - os: macos-15-intel
+            test_task: check
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      ARCHNAME: ${{ inputs.archname }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: Packages
+          path: pkg
+      - name: Extract
+        run: tar xf pkg/*.tar.xz
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          with_retry () {
+            "$@" || { sleep 5 && "$@"; } || { sleep 60 && "$@"; }
+          }
+          set -x
+          with_retry brew install gmp libffi openssl zlib autoconf automake libtool libyaml
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: configure
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && ./configure --with-openssl-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-libyaml-dir=$(brew --prefix libyaml)
+      - name: make
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS
+      - name: Tests
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          RUBY_DEBUG_TEST_NO_REMOTE: "1"
+      # leaked-globals since 2.7
+      - name: Leaked Globals
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make -s leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: make install without root privilege
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS install DESTDIR="/tmp/destdir"
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: make install
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && sudo make $JOBS install
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: Verify installed binaries
+        run: |
+          /usr/local/bin/ruby -v
+          /usr/local/bin/gem -v
+          /usr/local/bin/bundle -v
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github/actions/slack
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          persist-credentials: false
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}"
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@d260b61aa817726d5bedd22dd6cc305787fa4cdd # v4.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "attachments": [{
+                "text": "${{ job.status }}: ${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} <https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}|${{ inputs.archname }}>",
+                "color": "danger"
+              }]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        if: failure() && inputs.notify-release-channel
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-non-development.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-non-development.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db6230b301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-non-development.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+name: tarball-non-development (reusable)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call: {}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  non_development:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { variant: default,     remove_ruby: false, configure_extra: '' }
+          - { variant: no-ruby,     remove_ruby: true,  configure_extra: '' }
+          - { variant: baseruby-no, remove_ruby: false, configure_extra: '--with-baseruby=no' }
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    env:
+      ruby_prefix: /tmp/ruby-snapshot
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: Packages
+          path: pkg
+      - name: Extract
+        run: tar xf pkg/*.tar.xz
+      - name: Substitute patchlevel
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          cd snapshot-*/
+          sed -i.orig 's/^\( *# *define  *RUBY_PATCHLEVEL\)  *-.*/\1 0/' version.h
+          diff -u version.h.orig version.h || :
+          rm -f version.h.orig
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev libgmp-dev bison- autoconf-
+      - name: Remove host ruby
+        if: matrix.remove_ruby
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get purge -y -q 'ruby*' || :
+          sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/Ruby
+          ! command -v ruby
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: configure
+        run: cd snapshot-*/ && ./configure --prefix="${ruby_prefix}" ${{ matrix.configure_extra }}
+      - name: make
+        run: cd snapshot-*/ && make $JOBS
+      - name: Leaked Globals
+        run: cd snapshot-*/ && make -s leaked-globals
+      - name: make install
+        run: cd snapshot-*/ && make $JOBS install
+      - name: Set PATH
+        run: echo "PATH=${ruby_prefix}/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Check patchlevel
+        id: check-patchlevel
+        run: |
+          exec "${ruby_prefix}/bin/ruby" -vx "$0"
+          #!ruby
+          puts "RUBY_PATCHLEVEL=#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL.inspect}"
+          abort unless RUBY_PATCHLEVEL >= 0
+        working-directory: ${{ env.ruby_prefix }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+      - name: Check LOADPATH
+        id: check-loadpath
+        run: |
+          exec ${ruby_prefix}/bin/ruby -vx "$0"
+          #!ruby
+          paths = $:.grep(/\+/)
+          pp paths
+          abort unless paths.empty?
+        working-directory: ${{ env.ruby_prefix }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+      - name: Check pathnames
+        id: check-pathnames
+        run: |
+          ! find -name '*+*' | grep +
+        working-directory: ${{ env.ruby_prefix }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+      - name: result
+        run: false
+        if: ${{ contains(steps.*.outcome, 'failure') }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-test-schedule.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-test-schedule.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6684b09edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-test-schedule.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: tarball-test-schedule
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '30 18 * * *' # Daily at 18:30 UTC
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  dispatch:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        branch:
+          - master
+          - ruby_4_0
+          - ruby_3_4
+          - ruby_3_3
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger tarball-test on ${{ matrix.branch }}
+        run: gh workflow run tarball-test.yml --ref "$BRANCH" --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" -f notify-release-channel=true
+        env:
+          BRANCH: ${{ matrix.branch }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_ACTION_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-test.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-test.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c862ab76cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-test.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+name: tarball-test
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    # Do not use paths-ignore for required status checks
+    # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks#handling-skipped-but-required-checks
+  merge_group:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      notify-release-channel:
+        description: 'Also send failure notifications to SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL (set by tarball-test-schedule).'
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  tarball:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Cherry-pick to maintenance branches by changing only env.BRANCH below;
+    # archname / branch-label / Materialize all derive from it.
+    env:
+      BRANCH: master
+    outputs:
+      branch: ${{ env.BRANCH }}
+      skip: ${{ steps.skipping.outputs.skip }}
+    steps:
+      - id: skipping
+        run: echo 'skip=true' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        if: >-
+          ${{(false
+          || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+          || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+          || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+          || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+          )}}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1 # actions/checkout fetches all heads/tags unless > 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # tool/make-snapshot derives the branch name from HEAD and looks up
+      # the upstream during ChangeLog generation. Detached checkouts
+      # (pull_request, merge_group) lack a local branch with tracking, so
+      # pin one to HEAD and connect it to the matching origin ref.
+      - name: Materialize local branch
+        run: |
+          git fetch --no-tags --depth=1 origin "+refs/heads/$BASE:refs/remotes/origin/$BASE"
+          git checkout -B "$BRANCH" HEAD
+          git branch --set-upstream-to="origin/$BASE" "$BRANCH"
+        env:
+          BASE: ${{ github.base_ref || env.BRANCH }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/make-snapshot
+        with:
+          archname: snapshot-${{ env.BRANCH }}
+          srcdir: '.'
+
+  ubuntu:
+    needs: tarball
+    if: ${{ ! needs.tarball.outputs.skip }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/tarball-ubuntu.yml
+    with:
+      archname: snapshot-${{ needs.tarball.outputs.branch }}
+      notify-release-channel: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.notify-release-channel || false }}
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }}
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+
+  macos:
+    needs: tarball
+    if: ${{ ! needs.tarball.outputs.skip }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/tarball-macos.yml
+    with:
+      archname: snapshot-${{ needs.tarball.outputs.branch }}
+      notify-release-channel: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.notify-release-channel || false }}
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }}
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+
+  windows:
+    needs: tarball
+    if: ${{ ! needs.tarball.outputs.skip }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/tarball-windows.yml
+    with:
+      archname: snapshot-${{ needs.tarball.outputs.branch }}
+      notify-release-channel: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.notify-release-channel || false }}
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }}
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+
+  non_development:
+    needs: tarball
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/tarball-non-development.yml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e227dc29aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+name: tarball-ubuntu (reusable)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      archname:
+        description: 'archname (e.g. snapshot-master, snapshot-ruby_3_3)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      notify-release-channel:
+        description: 'Also send failure notifications to SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL (schedule/release builds).'
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL:
+        required: false
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [check, test-bundler-parallel, test-bundled-gems]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-22.04]
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      ARCHNAME: ${{ inputs.archname }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: Packages
+          path: pkg
+      - name: Extract
+        run: tar xf pkg/*.tar.xz
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev libgmp-dev bison- autoconf-
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.2'
+        # test-bundled-gems requires executable host ruby
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'test-bundled-gems'
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.local/share
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.cache/gem/specs
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.bundle/cache
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.ssh
+          chmod a-w $HOME/.bundle
+          # chmod a-w $HOME
+          # allow to write $HOME and check stats of HOME around tests (see below)
+          chmod -v a-w $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R a-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v a-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: configure
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && ./configure
+      - name: make
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS
+      - name: Save stats of HOME
+        run: |
+          set -euxo pipefail
+          cat >"$ARCHNAME/save-stats.rb" <<'EOF'
+          require 'pathname'
+          require 'digest'
+          out = []
+          [
+            Dir.home,
+          ].each do |dir|
+            Dir.each_child(dir) do |name|
+              pn = File.join(dir, name)
+              st = File.stat(pn)
+              if st.file?
+                content = Digest::SHA1.file(pn).hexdigest
+              elsif st.directory? && st.nlink <= 10
+                content = Dir.children(pn).sort
+              end
+              out << [pn, "%o"%st.mode, st.nlink, st.uid, st.gid, st.size, content].to_s
+            rescue
+              out << [pn, $!.inspect].to_s
+            end
+          end
+          File.open(ARGV.shift, "w") do |io|
+            io.puts out.sort
+          end
+          EOF
+          make -C "$ARCHNAME" TESTRUN_SCRIPT=save-stats.rb RUNOPT=/tmp/stat-before-tests.txt runruby
+      - name: Tests
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+      # test_sync_default_gems triggers gpg, whose agent processes leave
+      # $HOME/.gnupg around even when GNUPGHOME points elsewhere.
+      - name: Forcibly remove ~/.gnupg
+        run: rm -rf $HOME/.gnupg
+      - name: Diff stats of HOME
+        run: |
+          make -C "$ARCHNAME" TESTRUN_SCRIPT=save-stats.rb RUNOPT=/tmp/stat-after-tests.txt runruby
+          rm -f "$ARCHNAME/save-stats.rb"
+          diff -u /tmp/stat-before-tests.txt /tmp/stat-after-tests.txt
+      # leaked-globals since 2.7
+      - name: Leaked Globals
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make -s leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: make install without root privilege
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && make $JOBS install DESTDIR="/tmp/destdir"
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: make install
+        run: cd "$ARCHNAME/" && sudo make $JOBS install
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: Verify installed binaries
+        run: |
+          /usr/local/bin/ruby -v
+          /usr/local/bin/gem -v
+          /usr/local/bin/bundle -v
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: Show .local
+        run: find $HOME/.local -ls
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github/actions/slack
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          persist-credentials: false
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}"
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@d260b61aa817726d5bedd22dd6cc305787fa4cdd # v4.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "attachments": [{
+                "text": "${{ job.status }}: ${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} <https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}|${{ inputs.archname }}>",
+                "color": "danger"
+              }]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        if: failure() && inputs.notify-release-channel
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tarball-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/tarball-windows.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ce95de6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tarball-windows.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+name: tarball-windows (reusable)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      archname:
+        description: 'archname (e.g. snapshot-master)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      notify-release-channel:
+        description: 'Also send failure notifications to SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL (schedule/release builds).'
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+    secrets:
+      SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL:
+        required: false
+      SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  windows:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: '2022'
+            test_task: check
+          - os: '2025-vs2026'
+            test_task: check
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.os }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+        working-directory: build
+    name: Windows ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.test_task }})
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      PATCH: C:\msys64\usr\bin\patch.exe
+      OS_VER: windows-${{ matrix.os }}
+      # see https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/9ff4399decef0036897d3cfb9ac2c710dea913ca
+      OPENSSL_MODULES: C:\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\bin
+    steps:
+      - run: md build
+        working-directory:
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.2'
+          bundler: none
+          windows-toolchain: none
+
+      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@e9898307ac31d1a803454791be09ab9973336e1c # v2.31.1
+        id: setup-msys2
+        with:
+          update: true
+          install: >-
+            patch
+      - name: patch path
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        run: echo PATCH=$(cygpath -wa $(command -v patch)) >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if: ${{ steps.setup-msys2.outcome == 'success' }}
+      - uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: C:\vcpkg\installed
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-${{ env.OS_VER }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-${{ env.OS_VER }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-
+      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
+        run: |
+          vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install gmp libffi libyaml openssl zlib
+
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: Packages
+          path: pkg
+      - name: Extract
+        run: 7z x pkg/*.zip
+        working-directory:
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: snapshot-*/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+
+      - name: setup env
+        # %TEMP% is inconsistent with %TMP% and test-all expects they are consistent.
+        # https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/712#issuecomment-613004302
+        env:
+          ARCHNAME: ${{ inputs.archname }}
+        run: |
+          set > old.env
+          call ..\%ARCHNAME%\win32\vssetup.cmd
+          set TMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
+          set TEMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
+          set /a TEST_JOBS=(15 * %NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% / 10) > nul
+          set > new.env
+
+      - name: update env
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $old = (Get-Content old.env); $new = (Get-Content new.env)
+          del *.env
+          Compare-Object $old $new |
+            Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq '=>' } |
+            Select-Object -ExpandProperty InputObject |
+            Add-Content -Path $env:GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: link libraries
+        run: |
+          for %%I in (C:\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\bin\*.dll) do (
+            mklink %%~nxI %%I
+          )
+      - name: Configure
+        env:
+          ARCHNAME: ${{ inputs.archname }}
+        run: >-
+          ../%ARCHNAME%/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc
+          --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows
+      - run: nmake incs
+      - run: nmake extract-extlibs
+      - run: nmake
+        env:
+          YACC: win_bison
+
+      - name: ruby -v
+        run: .\ruby -v
+
+      - run: nmake test
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+
+      - run: nmake ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: -j${{env.TEST_JOBS}}
+        timeout-minutes: 70
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-error || false }}
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github/actions/slack
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          persist-credentials: false
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: "${{ env.OS_VER }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}"
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@d260b61aa817726d5bedd22dd6cc305787fa4cdd # v4.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "attachments": [{
+                "text": "${{ job.status }}: ${{ env.OS_VER }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} <https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}|${{ inputs.archname }}>",
+                "color": "danger"
+              }]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SNAPSHOT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        if: failure() && inputs.notify-release-channel
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index 368cf9d5ec..09e96f764c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
+        # We enumerate every job in matrix.include to save build time
         include:
           - test_task: check
             configure: 'cppflags=-DVM_CHECK_MODE'
@@ -38,11 +39,13 @@ jobs:
           - test_task: test-bundled-gems
           - test_task: check
             os: ubuntu-24.04
-          - test_task: check
-            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            extra_checks: [capi]
+          # ubuntu-24.04-arm jobs don't start on ruby/ruby as of 2025-10-29
+          #- test_task: check
+          #  os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
       fail-fast: false
 
-    env:
+    env: &make-env
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
       RUBY_DEBUG: ci
 
@@ -51,28 +54,29 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+    steps: &make-steps
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
         with:
           arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
           bundler: none
-        if: ${{ !endsWith(matrix.os, 'arm') }}
+        if: >-
+          ${{ !endsWith(matrix.os, 'arm')
+          && !endsWith(matrix.os, 'ppc64le') && !endsWith(matrix.os, 's390x') }}
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
           arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           configure: ${{ matrix.configure }}
         run: >-
-          $SETARCH ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc ${configure:-cppflags=-DRUBY_DEBUG}
+          $SETARCH ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc ${configure:- --enable-debug-env cppflags=-DRUBY_DEBUG}
           ${arch:+--target=$arch-$OSTYPE --host=$arch-$OSTYPE}
 
       - run: $SETARCH make prepare-gems
@@ -99,6 +103,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - run: $SETARCH make hello
 
+      - name: runirb
+        run: |
+          echo IRB::VERSION | $SETARCH make runirb RUNOPT="-- -f"
+
       - name: Set test options for skipped tests
         run: |
           set -x
@@ -107,6 +115,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
           os: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
@@ -115,14 +124,19 @@ jobs:
           builddir: build
           srcdir: src
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
+
+      # Avoid possible test failures with the zlib applying the following patch
+      # on s390x CPU architecture.
+      # https://github.com/madler/zlib/pull/410
+      - name: Disable DFLTCC
+        run: echo "DFLTCC=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if: ${{ endsWith(matrix.os, 's390x') }}
 
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: |
-          if [ -n "${LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION}" ]; then
-            exec
-            > >(tee launchable_stdout.log) \
-            2> >(tee launchable_stderr.log)
-          fi
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
 
           $SETARCH make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} \
           ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
@@ -130,8 +144,10 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: ${{ matrix.timeout || 40 }}
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
 
       - name: make skipped tests
         run: |
@@ -142,9 +158,105 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
 
+      - name: test-pc
+        run: |
+          DESTDIR=${RUNNER_TEMP-${TMPDIR-/tmp}}/installed
+          $SETARCH make test-pc "DESTDIR=$DESTDIR"
+
+      - name: CAPI extensions
+        uses: ./.github/actions/capiext
+        with:
+          builddir: build
+          make: '$SETARCH make'
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-v --tty=no'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.extra_checks, 'capi') }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.os }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+  make-ibm:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - test_task: check
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-ppc64le
+          - test_task: check
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-s390x
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    env: *make-env
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{github.repository == 'ruby/ruby'
+      && !(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
+    steps: *make-steps
+
+  # Separated from `make` job to avoid making it a required status check
+  ruby-bench:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Using the same setup as ZJIT jobs
+          - bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix="$(pwd)/install"
+
+      - run: make install
+
+      - name: Checkout ruby-bench
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          repository: ruby/ruby-bench
+          persist-credentials: false
+          path: ruby-bench
+
+      # If you want to skip failing benchmark, consider using `--excludes`.
+      # e.g. `bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=railsbench,lobsters'`
+      - name: Run ruby-bench
+        run: ruby run_benchmarks.rb -e "ruby::../build/install/bin/ruby" ${{ matrix.bench_opts }}
+        working-directory: ruby-bench
+        env:
+          BUNDLER_VERSION: 0
+
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
-          label: ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}${{ matrix.arch }}
+          label: ruby-bench ${{ matrix.bench_opts }} ${{ matrix.ruby_opts }}
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
         if: ${{ failure() }}
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
index f5c8ca62d1..edb2c76c48 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
@@ -53,18 +53,22 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
+          bundler: none
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
@@ -100,19 +104,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo "WASI_SDK_PATH=/opt/wasi-sdk" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/baseruby
+        id: baseruby
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
-          bundler: none
-
-      - name: Build baseruby
-        run: |
-          set -ex
-          mkdir ../baseruby
-          pushd ../baseruby
-          ../src/configure --prefix=$PWD/install
-          make
-          make install
+          srcdir: src
 
       - name: Download config.guess with wasi version
         run: |
@@ -121,19 +116,38 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src
 
       - name: Run configure
-        run: |
-          ../src/configure \
-            --host wasm32-unknown-wasi \
-            --with-baseruby=$PWD/../baseruby/install/bin/ruby \
-            --with-static-linked-ext \
-            --with-ext=cgi/escape,continuation,coverage,date,digest/bubblebabble,digest,digest/md5,digest/rmd160,digest/sha1,digest/sha2,etc,fcntl,json,json/generator,json/parser,objspace,pathname,rbconfig/sizeof,ripper,stringio,strscan,monitor \
-            LDFLAGS=" \
-              -Xlinker --stack-first \
-              -Xlinker -z -Xlinker stack-size=16777216 \
-            " \
-            optflags="${{ matrix.entry.optflags }}" \
-            debugflags="${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}" \
-            wasmoptflags="${{ matrix.entry.wasmoptflags }} ${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}"
+        run: >-
+          ../src/configure
+          --host wasm32-unknown-wasi
+          --with-baseruby="${{ steps.baseruby.outputs.ruby }}"
+          --with-dump-ast="${{ steps.baseruby.outputs.dump_ast }}"
+          --with-static-linked-ext
+          --with-ext=${EXTS// /,}
+          LDFLAGS="
+          -Xlinker --stack-first
+          -Xlinker -z -Xlinker stack-size=16777216
+          "
+          optflags="${{ matrix.entry.optflags }}"
+          debugflags="${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}"
+          wasmoptflags="${{ matrix.entry.wasmoptflags }} ${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}"
+        env:
+          EXTS:
+            cgi/escape
+            continuation
+            coverage
+            date
+            digest
+            digest/*
+            erb/escape
+            etc
+            fcntl
+            json
+            json/*
+            objspace
+            rbconfig/sizeof
+            ripper
+            stringio
+            strscan
 
       # miniruby may not be built when cross-compling
       - run: make mini ruby
@@ -142,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: tar cfz ../install.tar.gz -C ../install .
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@604373da6381bf24206979c74d06a550515601b9 # v4.4.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: ruby-wasm-install
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/install.tar.gz
@@ -170,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Save Pull Request number
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         run: echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}" >> ${{ github.workspace }}/github-pr-info.txt
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@604373da6381bf24206979c74d06a550515601b9 # v4.4.1
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         with:
           name: github-pr-info
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index d13d20df9b..13551427bb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -25,120 +25,114 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - vc: 2015
-            vs: 2019
-            vcvars: '10.0.14393.0 -vcvars_ver=14.0' # The oldest Windows 10 SDK w/ VC++ 2015 toolset (v140)
+          - os: 2022
             test_task: check
-          - vs: 2019
+          - os: 2022
+            test_task: test-bundled-gems
+          - os: 2025-vs2026
             test_task: check
-          - vs: 2019
+          - os: 2025-vs2026
             test_task: test-bundled-gems
-          # - vs: 2022
-          #   test_task: check
+          - os: 11-arm
+            test_task: 'btest test-basic test-tool' # check and test-spec are broken yet.
+            target: arm64
       fail-fast: false
 
-    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.vs < 2022 && '2019' || matrix.vs }}
+    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.os }}
 
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/vcpkg'))
       )}}
 
-    name: VisualStudio ${{ matrix.vc || matrix.vs }} (${{ matrix.test_task }})
+    name: Windows ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.test_task }})
 
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
-      OS_VER: windows-${{ matrix.vs < 2022 && '2019' || matrix.vs }}
       VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET: ${{ matrix.target || 'x64' }}-windows
 
     steps:
       - run: md build
         working-directory:
 
-      - name: find tools
-        id: find-tools
-        run: |
-          ::- find needed tools
-          set NEEDS=
-          for %%I in (%NEEDED_TOOLS%) do if "%%~$PATH:I" == "" (
-            call set NEEDS=%%NEEDS%% %%~nI
-          ) else (
-            echo %%I: %%~$PATH:I
-          )
-          echo.needs=%NEEDS%>>%GITHUB_OUTPUT%
-          if "%NEEDS%" == "" (
-            echo [debug] All needed tools found
-          ) else (
-            echo [warning^]Needs%NEEDS%
-          )
-        env:
-          NEEDED_TOOLS: >-
-            patch.exe
-
-      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@d40200dc2db4c351366b048a9565ad82919e1c24 # v2
-        id: setup-msys2
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          update: true
-          install: >-
-            ${{ steps.find-tools.outputs.needs }}
-        if: ${{ steps.find-tools.outputs.needs != '' }}
-
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
-        with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          # windows-11-arm has only 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, head
+          ruby-version: ${{ !endsWith(matrix.os, 'arm') && '3.1' || '3.4' }}
           bundler: none
           windows-toolchain: none
 
-      - name: Export GitHub Actions cache environment variables
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          sparse-checkout: /.github
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
         with:
-          script: |
-            core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_CACHE_URL', process.env.ACTIONS_CACHE_URL || '');
-            core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN', process.env.ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN || '');
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          make-command: nmake
+          clean: true
 
-      - name: Install libraries with scoop
+      - name: Install tools with scoop
         run: |
-          iex "& {$(irm get.scoop.sh)} -RunAsAdmin"
+          if ((vcpkg.exe help install) -match "manifest") { exit }
+          Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+          iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex
           Join-Path (Resolve-Path ~).Path "scoop\shims" >> $Env:GITHUB_PATH
           scoop install vcpkg
         shell: pwsh
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - name: Restore vcpkg artifact
+        id: restore-vcpkg
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-          sparse-checkout: /.github
+          path: src\vcpkg_installed
+          key: windows-${{ matrix.os }}-vcpkg-${{ hashFiles('src/vcpkg.json') }}
 
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
+        run: |
+          vcpkg install
+        working-directory: src
+        if: ${{ ! steps.restore-vcpkg.outputs.cache-hit }}
+
+      - name: Save vcpkg artifact
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          srcdir: src
-          builddir: build
+          path: src\vcpkg_installed
+          key: windows-${{ matrix.os }}-vcpkg-${{ hashFiles('src/vcpkg.json') }}
+        if: ${{ ! steps.restore-vcpkg.outputs.cache-hit && (github.ref_name == 'master' || startsWith(github.ref_name, 'ruby_')) }}
 
       - name: setup env
         # Available Ruby versions: https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/windows/Windows2019-Readme.md#ruby
         # %TEMP% is inconsistent with %TMP% and test-all expects they are consistent.
         # https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/712#issuecomment-613004302
         run: |
-          ::- Set up VC ${{ matrix.vc || matrix.vs }}
-          set vswhere="%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
-          for /f "delims=;" %%I in ('%vswhere% -latest -property installationPath') do (
-            set VCVARS="%%I\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-          )
-          set VCVARS
-          set | C:\msys64\usr\bin\sort > old.env
-          call %VCVARS% ${{ matrix.vcvars || '' }}
+          set > old.env
+          call ..\src\win32\vssetup.cmd ^
+            -arch=${{ matrix.target || 'amd64' }} ^
+            ${{ matrix.vcvars && '-vcvars_ver=' || '' }}${{ matrix.vcvars }}
           nmake -f nul
-          set TMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
-          set TEMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
+          set TMP=%RUNNER_TEMP%
+          set TEMP=%RUNNER_TEMP%
           set MAKEFLAGS=l
           set /a TEST_JOBS=(15 * %NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% / 10) > nul
-          set | C:\msys64\usr\bin\sort > new.env
-          C:\msys64\usr\bin\comm -13 old.env new.env >> %GITHUB_ENV%
+          set RUBY_OPT_DIR=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE:\=/%/src/vcpkg_installed/%VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET%
+          set > new.env
+
+      - name: update env
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $old = (Get-Content old.env); $new = (Get-Content new.env)
           del *.env
+          Compare-Object $old $new |
+            Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq '=>' } |
+            Select-Object -ExpandProperty InputObject |
+            Add-Content -Path $env:GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: baseruby version
         run: ruby -v
@@ -150,18 +144,11 @@ jobs:
         run: Get-Volume
         shell: pwsh
 
-      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
-        run: |
-          vcpkg install
-        working-directory: src
-        env:
-          VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: "clear;x-gha,readwrite"
-
       # TODO: We should use `../src` instead of `D:/a/ruby/ruby/src`
       - name: Configure
         run: >-
           ../src/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc
-          --with-opt-dir=D:/a/ruby/ruby/src/vcpkg_installed/%VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET%
+          --with-opt-dir=%RUBY_OPT_DIR%
           --with-gmp
 
       - run: nmake prepare-vcpkg
@@ -174,18 +161,26 @@ jobs:
       # But not for this Visual Studio workflow. So here we extract gems before building.
       - run: nmake extract-gems
 
+      # windows-11-arm runner cannot run `ruby tool/file2lastrev.rb --revision.h --output=revision.h`
+      - name: make revision.h
+        run: |
+          win32\lastrev.bat | win32\ifchange.bat --timestamp=.revision.time revision.h -
+          type revision.h
+        working-directory: src
+
       - run: nmake
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
-          os: windows-${{ matrix.vs < 2022 && '2019' || matrix.vs }}
+          os: windows-${{ matrix.os }}
           launchable-token: ${{ secrets.LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN }}
           builddir: build
           srcdir: src
           test-task: ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}
         continue-on-error: true
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task != 'test-bundled-gems' }}
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - run: nmake ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}
         env:
@@ -194,14 +189,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
-          label: VS${{ matrix.vc || matrix.vs }} / ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}
+          label: Windows ${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
         if: ${{ failure() }}
 
   result:
     if: ${{ always() }}
     name: ${{ github.workflow }} result
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: windows-2025-vs2026
     needs: [make]
     steps:
       - run: exit 1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wsl.yml b/.github/workflows/wsl.yml
index e6b4133b76..470b68fe66 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wsl.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wsl.yml
@@ -14,24 +14,22 @@ on:
     # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks#handling-skipped-but-required-checks
   merge_group:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   wsl:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: windows-2025-vs2026
 
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - name: Install winget
-        uses: Cyberboss/install-winget@v1
-
       - name: Install or update WSL
         uses: Ubuntu/WSL/.github/actions/wsl-install@main
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/yjit-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/yjit-macos.yml
index 4c2dc49583..b52c6355ad 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/yjit-macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/yjit-macos.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-name: YJIT macOS Arm64
+name: YJIT macOS
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - master
     paths-ignore:
       - 'doc/**'
       - '**/man/*'
@@ -9,6 +11,10 @@ on:
       - '**/.document'
       - '.*.yml'
   pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
     # Do not use paths-ignore for required status checks
     # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks#handling-skipped-but-required-checks
   merge_group:
@@ -24,20 +30,20 @@ jobs:
   cargo:
     name: cargo test
 
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-26
 
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - run: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test
         working-directory: yjit
@@ -68,23 +74,22 @@ jobs:
       RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_opts }}
       SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts }}
 
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-26
 
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install libraries
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
@@ -106,8 +111,17 @@ jobs:
 
       - run: make
 
-      - name: Enable YJIT through ENV
-        run: echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Verify that --yjit-dump-disasm works
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby --yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-dump-disasm -e0 | \
+          wc -l | \
+          ruby -ne 'raise "Disassembly seems broken in dev build (output has too few lines)" unless $_.to_i > 10'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.configure, 'jit=dev') }}
+
+      - name: Set ENV for YJIT
+        run: |
+          echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "RUBY_CRASH_REPORT=$(pwd)/rb_crash_%p.txt" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Set test options for skipped tests
         run: |
@@ -117,33 +131,35 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
-          os: macos-14
+          os: macos-26
           test-opts: ${{ matrix.configure }}
           launchable-token: ${{ secrets.LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN }}
           builddir: build
           srcdir: src
           is-yjit: true
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: |
-          if [ -n "${LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION}" ]; then
-            exec
-            > >(tee launchable_stdout.log) \
-            2> >(tee launchable_stderr.log)
-          fi
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
 
+          set -x
           make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
             RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" \
             SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS"
         timeout-minutes: 60
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
           SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT: '5'
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-test_task || false }}
 
       - name: make skipped tests
@@ -156,6 +172,13 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
 
+      - name: Dump crash logs
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          tail --verbose --lines=+1 rb_crash_*.txt
+          exit 1
+
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
           label: ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }} ${{ matrix.yjit_opts }}
@@ -165,10 +188,11 @@ jobs:
   result:
     if: ${{ always() }}
     name: ${{ github.workflow }} result
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [make]
     steps:
-      - run: exit 1
+      - name: ${{ github.workflow }} jobs have failed
+        run: exit 1
         working-directory:
         if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') || contains(needs.*.result, 'cancelled') }}
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
index aaa7d56ffa..934c3f56d4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ jobs:
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # For now we can't run cargo test --offline because it complains about the
       # capstone dependency, even though the dependency is optional
@@ -64,11 +66,13 @@ jobs:
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # Check that we don't have linting errors in release mode, too
       - run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features
@@ -81,7 +85,8 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - test_task: 'yjit-bindgen'
             hint: 'To fix: use patch in logs'
-            configure: '--with-gcc=clang-14 --enable-yjit=dev'
+            # Build with YJIT+ZJIT for output that works in the most number of configurations
+            configure: '--with-gcc=clang-14 --enable-yjit=dev --enable-zjit'
             libclang_path: '/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/libclang.so.1'
 
           - test_task: 'check'
@@ -101,18 +106,12 @@ jobs:
           - test_task: 'test-bundled-gems'
             configure: '--enable-yjit=dev'
 
-          - test_task: 'yjit-bench'
-            configure: '--enable-yjit=dev'
-            yjit_bench_opts: '--yjit-stats'
-            continue-on-test_task: true
-
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
       RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_opts }}
       YJIT_BENCH_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_bench_opts }}
       SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts }}
       RUBY_DEBUG: ci
-      BUNDLE_JOBS: 8 # for yjit-bench
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -120,24 +119,23 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       ${{!(false
       || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
-      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
       || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
-      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
       )}}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
           sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
 
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
           bundler: none
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
@@ -153,6 +151,12 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
         run: rustup install ${{ matrix.rust_version }} --profile minimal
 
+      - name: Remove cargo
+        # Since this tests a `rustc` build for release, remove `cargo` to ensure
+        # that only `rustc` is used.
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.configure, 'rustc') }}
+        run: sudo rm $(which -a cargo | uniq)
+
       - name: Run configure
         run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install ${{ matrix.configure }}
 
@@ -163,14 +167,24 @@ jobs:
 
       - run: make
 
-      - name: Enable YJIT through ENV
-        run: echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Verify that --yjit-dump-disasm works
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby --yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-dump-disasm -e0 | \
+          wc -l | \
+          ruby -ne 'raise "Disassembly seems broken in dev build (output has too few lines)" unless $_.to_i > 10'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.configure, 'jit=dev') }}
+
+      - name: Set ENV for YJIT
+        run: |
+          echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "RUBY_CRASH_REPORT=$(pwd)/rb_crash_%p.txt" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       # Check that the binary was built with YJIT
       - name: Check YJIT enabled
         run: ./miniruby --yjit -v | grep "+YJIT"
 
       - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
         uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
         with:
           os: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -180,34 +194,35 @@ jobs:
           srcdir: src
           is-yjit: true
         continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
 
       - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
         run: |
-          if [ -n "${LAUNCHABLE_ORGANIZATION}" ]; then
-            exec
-            > >(tee launchable_stdout.log) \
-            2> >(tee launchable_stderr.log)
-          fi
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
 
+          set -x
           make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
             RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" MSPECOPT=--debug SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS" \
             YJIT_BENCH_OPTS="$YJIT_BENCH_OPTS" YJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS="$YJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS"
         timeout-minutes: 90
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
           SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT: '5'
           YJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS: '--exit-code'
           LIBCLANG_PATH: ${{ matrix.libclang_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-test_task || false }}
 
-      - name: Show ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }} GitHub URL for yjit-bench comparison
-        run: echo "https://github.com/${BASE_REPO}/commit/${BASE_SHA}"
-        env:
-          BASE_REPO: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name }}
-          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
-        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'yjit-bench' && startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+      - name: Dump crash logs
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          tail --verbose --lines=+1 rb_crash_*.txt
+          exit 1
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e68bd897fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+name: ZJIT macOS
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+    # Do not use paths-ignore for required status checks
+    # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks#handling-skipped-but-required-checks
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - test_task: 'check'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            specopts: '-T --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+
+          - test_task: 'check'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-disable-hir-opt --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            specopts: '-T --zjit-disable-hir-opt -T --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+
+          - test_task: 'zjit-check' # zjit-test + quick feedback of test_zjit.rb
+            configure: '--enable-yjit=dev --enable-zjit'
+            rust_version: "1.85.0"
+
+          - test_task: 'ruby'
+            hint: 'combo build test'
+            configure: '--enable-yjit --enable-zjit'
+
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
+      RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.run_opts }}
+      SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts }}
+      TESTOPTS: ${{ matrix.testopts }}
+      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
+      ZJIT_RB_BUG: 1
+
+    runs-on: macos-26
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install libraries
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+          dummy-files: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+          # Set fetch-depth: 10 so that Launchable can receive commits information.
+          fetch-depth: 10
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        if: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
+        run: |
+          rustup install ${{ matrix.rust_version }} --profile minimal
+          rustup default ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
+
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@e49978b799e49ff429d162b7a30601a569ab6538 # v2.81.1
+        with:
+          tool: nextest@0.9
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'zjit-check' }}
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc ${{ matrix.configure }}
+
+      - run: make
+
+      - name: Verify that --zjit-dump-disasm works
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby --zjit-call-threshold=1 --zjit-dump-disasm -e0 | \
+          wc -l | \
+          ruby -ne 'raise "Disassembly seems broken in dev build (output has too few lines)" unless $_.to_i > 10'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.configure, 'jit=dev') }}
+
+      - name: Set ENV for ZJIT
+        run: |
+          echo "RUBY_CRASH_REPORT=$(pwd)/rb_crash_%p.txt" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
+        uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
+        with:
+          os: macos-26
+          test-opts: ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          launchable-token: ${{ secrets.LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN }}
+          builddir: build
+          srcdir: src
+          is-zjit: true
+        continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
+
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: |
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
+
+          set -x
+          make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
+            RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" \
+            SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS" \
+            TESTOPTS="$TESTOPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
+          EXCLUDES: '../src/test/.excludes-zjit'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
+          SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT: '30'
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-test_task || false }}
+
+      - name: Dump crash logs
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          tail --verbose --lines=+1 rb_crash_*.txt
+          exit 1
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+  result:
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    name: ${{ github.workflow }} result
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [make]
+    steps:
+      - run: exit 1
+        working-directory:
+        if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') || contains(needs.*.result, 'cancelled') }}
+
+  # Separated from `make` job to avoid making it a required status check for now
+  ruby-bench:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Test --call-threshold=2 with 2 iterations in total
+          - ruby_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=2'
+            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev_nodebug' # --enable-zjit=dev is too slow
+
+    runs-on: macos-26
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/macos
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix="$(pwd)/install" ${{ matrix.configure }}
+
+      - run: make install
+
+      # setup/directories set MAKEFLAGS=-j4 for macOS, which randomly fails sqlite3.gem builds
+      - name: Unset MAKEFLAGS
+        run: echo "MAKEFLAGS=" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Checkout ruby-bench
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          repository: ruby/ruby-bench
+          path: ruby-bench
+
+      # If you want to skip failing benchmark, consider using `--excludes`.
+      # e.g. `bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=railsbench,lobsters'`
+      - name: Run ruby-bench
+        run: ruby run_benchmarks.rb -e "zjit::../build/install/bin/ruby ${{ matrix.ruby_opts }}" ${{ matrix.bench_opts }}
+        working-directory: ruby-bench
+        env:
+          BUNDLER_VERSION: 0
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ruby-bench ${{ matrix.bench_opts }} ${{ matrix.ruby_opts }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d146b7bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+name: ZJIT Ubuntu
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man/*'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '.*.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+    # Do not use paths-ignore for required status checks
+    # https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/collaborating-on-repositories-with-code-quality-features/troubleshooting-required-status-checks#handling-skipped-but-required-checks
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: cargo clippy
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features
+        working-directory: zjit
+
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - test_task: 'check'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            specopts: '-T --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+
+          - test_task: 'check'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-disable-hir-opt --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            specopts: '-T --zjit-disable-hir-opt -T --zjit-call-threshold=1'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+
+            # The optimizer benefits from at least 1 iteration of profiling. Also, many
+            # regression tests in bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb assume call-threshold=2.
+          - test_task: 'btest'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=2'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+
+          - test_task: 'zjit-check' # zjit-test + quick feedback of test_zjit.rb
+            configure: '--enable-yjit --enable-zjit=dev'
+            rust_version: '1.85.0'
+
+          - test_task: 'zjit-bindgen'
+            hint: 'To fix: use patch in logs'
+            # Build with YJIT+ZJIT for output that works in the most number of configurations
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev --enable-yjit --with-gcc=clang-16'
+            clang_path: '/usr/bin/clang-16'
+            runs-on: 'ubuntu-24.04' # for clang-16
+
+          - test_task: 'test-bundled-gems'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev'
+            run_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=1'
+
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{ github.ref }}
+      RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.run_opts }}
+      YJIT_BENCH_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_bench_opts }}
+      SPECOPTS: ${{ matrix.specopts }}
+      TESTOPTS: ${{ matrix.testopts }}
+      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
+      BUNDLE_JOBS: 8 # for yjit-bench
+      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
+      ZJIT_RB_BUG: 1
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
+          sparse-checkout: /.github
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@afeafc3d1ab54a631816aba4c914a0081c12ff2f # v1.310.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@e49978b799e49ff429d162b7a30601a569ab6538 # v2.81.1
+        with:
+          tool: nextest@0.9
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'zjit-check' }}
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+          dummy-files: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+          # Set fetch-depth: 10 so that Launchable can receive commits information.
+          fetch-depth: 10
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        if: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
+        run: |
+          rustup install ${{ matrix.rust_version }} --profile minimal
+          rustup default ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
+
+      - name: Install rustfmt
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'zjit-bindgen' }}
+        run: rustup component add rustfmt
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install ${{ matrix.configure }}
+
+      - run: make incs
+
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'test-bundled-gems' }}
+
+      - run: make
+
+      - name: Verify that --zjit-dump-disasm works
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby --zjit-call-threshold=1 --zjit-dump-disasm -e0 | \
+          wc -l | \
+          ruby -ne 'raise "Disassembly seems broken in dev build (output has too few lines)" unless $_.to_i > 10'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.configure, 'jit=dev') }}
+
+      # Check that the binary was built with ZJIT
+      - name: Check ZJIT enabled
+        run: ./miniruby --zjit -v | grep "+ZJIT"
+        if: ${{ matrix.configure != '--disable-zjit' }}
+
+      - name: Set ENV for ZJIT
+        run: |
+          echo "RUBY_CRASH_REPORT=$(pwd)/rb_crash_%p.txt" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Set up Launchable
+        id: launchable
+        uses: ./.github/actions/launchable/setup
+        with:
+          os: ${{ matrix.runs-on || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+          test-opts: ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          launchable-token: ${{ secrets.LAUNCHABLE_TOKEN }}
+          builddir: build
+          srcdir: src
+          is-zjit: true
+        continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 3
+
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: |
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}" && exec 1> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT}")
+          test -n "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}" && exec 2> >(tee "${LAUNCHABLE_STDERR}")
+
+          set -x
+          make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS="$TESTS"} \
+            RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" MSPECOPT=--debug SPECOPTS="$SPECOPTS" \
+            TESTOPTS="$TESTOPTS" \
+            ZJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS="$ZJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 90
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
+          EXCLUDES: '../src/test/.excludes-zjit'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ''
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
+          SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT: '30'
+          ZJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS: '--exit-code'
+          CLANG_PATH: ${{ matrix.clang_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDOUT: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stdout_report_path }}
+          LAUNCHABLE_STDERR: ${{ steps.launchable.outputs.stderr_report_path }}
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-test_task || false }}
+
+      - name: Dump crash logs
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          tail --verbose --lines=+1 rb_crash_*.txt
+          exit 1
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+  result:
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    name: ${{ github.workflow }} result
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: [make]
+    steps:
+      - name: ${{ github.workflow }} jobs have failed
+        run: exit 1
+        working-directory:
+        if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') || contains(needs.*.result, 'cancelled') }}
+
+  # Separated from `make` job to avoid making it a required status check for now
+  ruby-bench:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Test --call-threshold=2 with 2 iterations in total
+          - ruby_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=2'
+            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
+            configure: '--enable-zjit=dev_nodebug' # --enable-zjit=dev is too slow
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation')
+      || (github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/cargo'))
+      )}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/ubuntu
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup/directories
+        with:
+          srcdir: src
+          builddir: build
+          makeup: true
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix="$(pwd)/install" ${{ matrix.configure }}
+
+      - run: make install
+
+      - name: Checkout ruby-bench
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          repository: ruby/ruby-bench
+          persist-credentials: false
+          path: ruby-bench
+
+      # If you want to skip failing benchmark, consider using `--excludes`.
+      # e.g. `bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=railsbench,lobsters'`
+      - name: Run ruby-bench
+        run: ruby run_benchmarks.rb -e "zjit::../build/install/bin/ruby ${{ matrix.ruby_opts }}" ${{ matrix.bench_opts }}
+        working-directory: ruby-bench
+        env:
+          BUNDLER_VERSION: 0
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/slack
+        with:
+          label: ruby-bench ${{ matrix.bench_opts }} ${{ matrix.ruby_opts }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/zizmor.yml b/.github/zizmor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65b67fb6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/zizmor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Ignore existing findings (baseline)
+# Composite action findings are suppressed inline with # zizmor: ignore
+rules:
+  dangerous-triggers:
+    ignore:
+      - auto_request_review.yml
+      - auto_review_pr.yml
+      - labeler.yml
+      - pr-playground.yml
+  dependabot-cooldown:
+    ignore:
+      - dependabot.yml
+  misfeature:
+    ignore:
+      - mingw.yml
+      - tarball-windows.yml
+      - windows.yml
+  unpinned-images:
+    ignore:
+      - compilers.yml
+  secrets-outside-env:
+    # All committers with write access are trusted; no need for environment-scoped secrets.
+    disable: true
+  unpinned-uses:
+    ignore:
+      - wsl.yml
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0f3574115b..7ead3a81f5 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 *.pch
 *.pdb
 *.rbinc
+*.rbbin
 *.rej
 *.s
 *.sav
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ lcov*.info
 /enc.mk
 /encdb.h
 /exts.mk
+/gc/*/exts.mk
 /goruby
 /id.[ch]
 /largefile.h
@@ -246,6 +248,9 @@ lcov*.info
 /yjit-bench
 /yjit_exit_locations.dump
 
+# Rust
+/target
+
 # /wasm/
 /wasm/tests/*.wasm
 
@@ -260,16 +265,27 @@ lcov*.info
 /lib/prism/reflection.rb
 /lib/prism/serialize.rb
 /lib/prism/visitor.rb
+/prism/internal/diagnostic.h
 /prism/api_node.c
 /prism/ast.h
 /prism/diagnostic.c
-/prism/diagnostic.h
+/prism/json.c
 /prism/node.c
 /prism/prettyprint.c
 /prism/serialize.c
+/prism/tokens.c
+/prism/srcs.mk
+/dump_ast
+
+# prism (old file)
 /prism/token_type.c
 
 # tool/update-NEWS-gemlist.rb
 /bundled_gems.json
 /default_gems.json
 /gems/default_gems
+
+# AI agents
+/.claude
+/AGENTS.md
+/CLAUDE.md
diff --git a/.rdoc_options b/.rdoc_options
index 7325a10edf..5172911e16 100644
--- a/.rdoc_options
+++ b/.rdoc_options
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 ---
 page_dir: doc
-charset: UTF-8
-encoding: UTF-8
 main_page: index.md
 title: Documentation for Ruby development version
 visibility: :private
@@ -9,10 +7,11 @@ rdoc_include:
 - doc
 
 exclude:
-- \Alib/irb
-- .gemspec\z
+- \.gemspec\z
+- lib/set/subclass_compatible.rb
 
 autolink_excluded_words:
+- Box
 - Class
 - Method
 - Module
@@ -20,3 +19,19 @@ autolink_excluded_words:
 - RDoc
 - Ruby
 - Set
+- ZJIT
+- YJIT
+
+canonical_root: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master
+
+footer_content:
+  Ruby:
+    Documentation: index.html
+    Official Website: https://www.ruby-lang.org/
+    Playground: https://ruby.github.io/play-ruby/
+  Resources:
+    GitHub: https://github.com/ruby/ruby
+    Issue Tracker: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/issues
+    RubyGems: https://rubygems.org/
+  Community:
+    X: https://x.com/rubylangorg
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index ca68ed20ab..0000000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-# -*- YAML -*-
-# Copyright (C) 2011 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted,  to either  redistribute  or  modify this  file,  provided that  the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the  file for
-# details.
-
-# When you see Travis CI issues, or you are interested in understanding how to
-# manage, please check the link below.
-# https://github.com/ruby/ruby/wiki/CI-Servers#travis-ci
-
-# We enable Travis on the specific branches or forked repositories here.
-# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/conditions-v1
-if: >-
-  (fork OR branch = master OR branch =~ /^ruby_\d_\d$/)
-  AND (commit_message !~ /(\[DOC\]|Document)/)
-  AND NOT (type = 'push' AND sender =~ /\[bot\]/)
-
-language: c
-
-os: linux
-
-dist: jammy
-
-git:
-  quiet: true
-
-env:
-  global:
-    - NPROC="$(nproc)"
-    - JOBS="-j${NPROC}"
-    # https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-build/blob/e411371dda21430a60f61b8f3f57943d2fe4d344/lib/travis/build/bash/travis_apt_get_options.bash#L7
-    - travis_apt_get_options='--allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages'
-    - travis_apt_get_options="-yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $travis_apt_get_options"
-    # -g0 disables backtraces when SEGV. Do not set that.
-    - debugflags=-ggdb3
-    - RUBY_TESTOPTS="$JOBS -q --tty=no"
-
-.org.ruby-lang.ci.matrix-definitions:
-  - &gcc-11
-    compiler: gcc-11
-    before_install:
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        gcc-11
-        g++-11
-        libffi-dev
-        libncurses-dev
-        libncursesw5-dev
-        libreadline-dev
-        libssl-dev
-        libyaml-dev
-        openssl
-        zlib1g-dev
-      - gcc-11 --version
-  - &ppc64le-linux
-    name: ppc64le-linux
-    arch: ppc64le
-    <<: *gcc-11
-  - &s390x-linux
-    name: s390x-linux
-    arch: s390x
-    <<: *gcc-11
-    env:
-      # Avoid possible test failures with the zlib applying the following patch
-      # on s390x CPU architecture.
-      # https://github.com/madler/zlib/pull/410
-      - DFLTCC=0
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - <<: *ppc64le-linux
-    - <<: *s390x-linux
-  allow_failures:
-    - name: ppc64le-linux
-    - name: s390x-linux
-  fast_finish: true
-
-before_script:
-  - lscpu
-  - ./autogen.sh
-  - mkdir build
-  - cd build
-  - ../configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install
-  - make -s $JOBS
-  - make -s $JOBS install
-  # Useful info to report issues to the Ruby.
-  - $(pwd)/install/bin/ruby -v
-  # Useful info To report issues to the RubyGems.
-  - $(pwd)/install/bin/gem env
-
-script:
-  - make -s test
-  - ../tool/travis_wait.sh make -s test-all RUBYOPT="-w"
-  - ../tool/travis_wait.sh make -s test-spec
-
-# We want to be notified when something happens.
-notifications:
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot (travis)
-      - secure: mRsoS/UbqDkKkW5p3AEqM27d4SZnV6Gsylo3bm8T/deltQzTsGzZwrm7OIBXZv0UFZdE68XmPlyHfZFLSP2V9QZ7apXMf9/vw0GtcSe1gchtnjpAPF6lYBn7nMCbVPPx9cS0dwL927fjdRM1vj7IKZ2bk4F0lAJ25R25S6teqdk=
-    on_success: never
-    on_failure: always
-  email:
-    recipients:
-      - jun.aruga@gmail.com
-    on_success: never
-    on_failure: always
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 13df6087ca..35e79dd3b9 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1 +1 @@
-See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
+See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index 48e5a96de7..428ce03ed7 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+{日本語}[rdoc-ref:COPYING.ja]
+
 Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
 You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either the terms of the
 2-clause BSDL (see the file BSDL), or the conditions below:
diff --git a/COPYING.ja b/COPYING.ja
index 230376bc60..5de2dbcc8f 100644
--- a/COPYING.ja
+++ b/COPYING.ja
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+{English}[rdoc-ref:COPYING]
+
 本プログラムはフリーソフトウェアです．2-clause BSDL
 または以下に示す条件で本プログラムを再配布できます
 2-clause BSDLについてはBSDLファイルを参照して下さい．
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2108276e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.46.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f17a85883d4e6d00e8a97c586de764dabcc06133f7f1d55dce5cdc070ad7fe59"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yjit"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "capstone",
+ "jit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zjit"
+version = "0.0.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "capstone",
+ "insta",
+ "jit",
+ "rand",
+ "yjit",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33010e65fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# This is the root Cargo [workspace](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)
+# and the root package for all the rust code that are statically linked into ruby. Rust tooling
+# limitations means all Rust code need to share a single archive library (staticlib) at the
+# integration point with non-rust code. (See rustlang/rust#44322 and #104707 for a taste of
+# the linking challenges.)
+#
+# Do not add required dependencies. This is a policy that helps downstream consumers and give
+# us tight control over what we ship. All of the optional dependencies are used exclusively
+# during development.
+#
+# Release builds avoid Cargo entirely because offline builds can fail even when none of the
+# optional dependencies are built (rust-lang/cargo#10352).
+
+[workspace]
+members = ["zjit", "yjit", "jit"]
+
+[package]
+name = "ruby"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.85.0"
+publish = false # Don't publish to crates.io
+
+[dependencies]
+yjit = { path = "yjit", optional = true }
+zjit = { path = "zjit", optional = true }
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["staticlib"]
+path = "ruby.rs"
+
+[features]
+disasm = ["yjit?/disasm", "zjit?/disasm"]
+runtime_checks = ["yjit?/runtime_checks", "zjit?/runtime_checks"]
+yjit = [ "dep:yjit" ]
+zjit = [ "dep:zjit" ]
+
+[profile.dev]
+opt-level = 1 # On 0, functions use so much stack space that we get stray `SystemStackError`s
+debug = true
+debug-assertions = true
+overflow-checks = true
+
+[profile.test]
+inherits = "dev"
+opt-level = 0
+
+[profile.dev_nodebug]
+inherits = "dev"
+
+[profile.stats]
+inherits = "release"
+
+[profile.release]
+# NOTE: --enable-yjit and zjit builds use `rustc` without going through Cargo. You
+# might want to update the `rustc` invocation if you change this profile.
+opt-level = 3
+# The extra robustness that comes from checking for arithmetic overflow is
+# worth the performance cost for the compiler.
+overflow-checks = true
+# Generate debug info
+debug = true
+# Use ThinLTO. Much smaller output for a small amount of build time increase.
+lto = "thin"
diff --git a/LEGAL b/LEGAL
index ee01de962b..2777aa2c14 100644
--- a/LEGAL
+++ b/LEGAL
@@ -371,33 +371,6 @@ mentioned below.
     TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
     SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
-[spec/lib/turbo_tests/*]
-[spec/lib/turbo_tests.rb]
-[spec/lib/utils/*]
-
-  These files are under the MIT License.
-
-  >>>
-    Copyright (c) 2020 Ilya Zub
-
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-    THE SOFTWARE.
-
 [parse.c]
 [parse.h]
 
@@ -729,6 +702,23 @@ mentioned below.
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+[ext/json/vendor/fpconv.c]
+
+  This file is under the {Boost Software License}[rdoc-ref:@Boost+Software+License+1.0].
+
+[ext/json/vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2024,2025 Enrico Thierbach - https://github.com/radiospiel
+    Copyright (c) 2022 James Edward Anhalt III - https://github.com/jeaiii/itoa
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-ref:@MIT+License]
+
+[ext/json/vendor/ryu.h]
+  This file is adapted from the Ryu algorithm by Ulf Adams https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu.
+  It is dual-licensed under {Apache License 2.0}[rdoc-ref:@Apache+License+2.0] OR
+  {Boost Software License 1.0}[rdoc-ref:@Boost+Software+License+1.0].
+
 [ext/psych]
 [test/psych]
 
@@ -1075,3 +1065,236 @@ mentioned below.
 
       From ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
       paragraph 3 above is now null and void.
+
+== Boost Software License 1.0
+
+>>>
+      Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+
+      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+      obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+      this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+      execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+      Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+      do so, all subject to the following:
+
+      The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+      the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+      must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+      all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+      works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+      a source language processor.
+
+      THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+      IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+      FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+      SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+      FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+      ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+      DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+== Apache License 2.0
+
+>>>
+      Apache License
+      Version 2.0, January 2004
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+      TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+      1. Definitions.
+
+         "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+         and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+         "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+         the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+         "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+         other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+         control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+         "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+         direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+         otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+         outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+         "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+         exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+         "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+         including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+         source, and configuration files.
+
+         "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+         transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+         not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+         and conversions to other media types.
+
+         "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+         Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+         copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+         (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+         "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+         form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+         editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+         represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+         of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+         separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+         the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+         "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+         the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+         to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+         submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+         or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+         the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+         means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+         to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+         communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+         and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+         Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+         excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+         designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+         "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+         on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+         subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+      2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+         this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+         worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+         copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+         publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+         Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+      3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+         this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+         worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+         (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+         use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+         where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+         by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+         Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+         with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+         institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+         cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+         or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+         or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+         granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+         as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+      4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+         Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+         modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+         meet the following conditions:
+
+         a.  You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+             Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+         b.  You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+             stating that You changed the files; and
+
+         c.  You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+             that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+             attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+             excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+             the Derivative Works; and
+
+         d.  If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+             distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+             include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+             within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+             pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+             of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+             as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+             documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+             within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+             wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+             of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+             do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+             notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+             or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+             that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+             as modifying the License.
+
+         You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+         may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+         for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+         for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+         reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+         the conditions stated in this License.
+
+      5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+         any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+         by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+         this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+         Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+         the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+         with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+      6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+         names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+         except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+         origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+      7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+         agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+         Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+         WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+         implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+         of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+         PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+         appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+         risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+      8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+         whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+         unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+         negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+         liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+         incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+         result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+         Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+         work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+         other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+         has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+      9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+         the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+         and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+         or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+         License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+         on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+         of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+         defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+         incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+         of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+      APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      >>>
+         To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+         boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+         replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+         the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+         comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+         file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+         same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+         identification within third-party archives.
+
+      Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+      You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+      limitations under the License.
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index edcd03b03f..8699bc0bff 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,69 +1,138 @@
-# NEWS for Ruby 3.5.0
+# NEWS for Ruby 4.1.0
 
 This document is a list of user-visible feature changes
-since the **3.4.0** release, except for bug fixes.
+since the **4.0.0** release, except for bug fixes.
 
 Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
 
 ## Language changes
 
+* `Module#clone` and `Module#dup` no longer rewrite the lexical scope of
+  copied methods. Constants and class variables resolve through the
+  original class, consistent with inheritance and mixins.
+  [[Feature #21981]]
+
 ## Core classes updates
 
 Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
 
-* Binding
+* Array
+
+    * `Array#pack` accepts a new format `R` and `r` for unpacking unsigned
+      and signed LEB128 encoded integers. [[Feature #21785]]
+    * `Array#pack` accepts a new format `^` that returns the current offset.
+      Useful when combined with variable width formats like LEB128. [[Feature #21796]]
+
+* ENV
+
+    * `ENV.fetch_values` is added. It returns an array of values for the
+      given names, raising `KeyError` for missing names unless a block is
+      given. [[Feature #21781]]
+
+* Kernel
+
+    * `Kernel#autoload_relative` and `Module#autoload_relative` are added.
+      These methods work like `autoload`, but resolve the file path relative
+      to the file where the method is called, similar to `require_relative`.
+      This makes it easier to autoload constants from files in the same
+      directory without hardcoding absolute paths or manipulating `$LOAD_PATH`.
+      [[Feature #15330]]
 
-    * `Binding#local_variables` does no longer include numbered parameters.
-      Also, `Binding#local_variable_get` and `Binding#local_variable_set` reject to handle numbered parameters.
-      [[Bug #21049]]
+* MatchData
+
+    * `MatchData#integer_at` is added.  It converts the matched substring to
+      integer and return the result.  [[Feature #21932]]
+
+* Regexp
+
+    * All instances of `Regexp` are now frozen, not just literals.
+      Subclasses of `Regexp` are not frozen for compatibility.
+      [[Feature #8948]]
+
+* Set
+
+    * A deprecated behavior, `Set#to_set`, `Range#to_set`, and
+      `Enumerable#to_set` accepting arguments, was removed.  [[Feature #21390]]
 
 ## Stdlib updates
 
-The following bundled gems are promoted from default gems.
+### The following bundled gems are added.
 
-* ostruct 0.6.1
-* pstore 0.2.0
-* benchmark 0.4.0
-* logger 1.6.6
-* rdoc 6.12.0
-* win32ole 1.9.1
-* irb 1.15.1
-* reline 0.6.0
-* readline 0.0.4
-* fiddle 1.1.6
 
 We only list stdlib changes that are notable feature changes.
 
-Other changes are listed in the following sections. we also listed release history from the previous bundled version that is Ruby 3.3.0 if it has GitHub releases.
+Other changes are listed in the following sections. We also listed release
+history from the previous bundled version that is Ruby 3.4.0 if it has GitHub
+releases.
+
+### The following bundled gems are promoted from default gems.
 
-The following default gem is added.
+* tsort 0.2.0
+* win32-registry 0.1.2
 
-* win32-registry 0.1.0
+### The following default gem is added.
 
-The following default gems are updated.
+### The following default gems are updated.
 
-* RubyGems 3.7.0.dev
-* bundler 2.7.0.dev
-* cgi 0.4.2
-* json 2.10.1
-* optparse 0.7.0.dev.1
-* prism 1.3.0
-* psych 5.2.3
-* stringio 3.1.6.dev
-* uri 1.0.3
+* RubyGems 4.1.0.dev
+  * 4.0.3 to [v4.0.4][RubyGems-v4.0.4], [v4.0.5][RubyGems-v4.0.5], [v4.0.6][RubyGems-v4.0.6], [v4.0.7][RubyGems-v4.0.7], [v4.0.8][RubyGems-v4.0.8], [v4.0.9][RubyGems-v4.0.9], [v4.0.10][RubyGems-v4.0.10], [v4.0.11][RubyGems-v4.0.11], [v4.0.12][RubyGems-v4.0.12]
+* bundler 4.1.0.dev
+  * 4.0.3 to [v4.0.4][bundler-v4.0.4], [v4.0.5][bundler-v4.0.5], [v4.0.6][bundler-v4.0.6], [v4.0.7][bundler-v4.0.7], [v4.0.8][bundler-v4.0.8], [v4.0.9][bundler-v4.0.9], [v4.0.10][bundler-v4.0.10], [v4.0.11][bundler-v4.0.11], [v4.0.12][bundler-v4.0.12]
+* erb 6.0.4
+  * 6.0.1 to [v6.0.1.1][erb-v6.0.1.1], [v6.0.2][erb-v6.0.2], [v6.0.3][erb-v6.0.3], [v6.0.4][erb-v6.0.4]
+* ipaddr 1.2.9
+  * 1.2.8 to [v1.2.9][ipaddr-v1.2.9]
+* json 2.19.7
+  * 2.18.0 to [v2.18.1][json-v2.18.1], [v2.19.0][json-v2.19.0], [v2.19.1][json-v2.19.1], [v2.19.2][json-v2.19.2], [v2.19.3][json-v2.19.3], [v2.19.4][json-v2.19.4], [v2.19.5][json-v2.19.5], [v2.19.6][json-v2.19.6], [v2.19.7][json-v2.19.7]
+* openssl 4.0.2
+  * 4.0.0 to [v4.0.1][openssl-v4.0.1], [v4.0.2][openssl-v4.0.2]
+* prism 1.9.0
+  * 1.7.0 to [v1.8.0][prism-v1.8.0], [v1.8.1][prism-v1.8.1], [v1.9.0][prism-v1.9.0]
+* psych 5.4.0
+* resolv 0.7.1
+  * 0.7.0 to [v0.7.1][resolv-v0.7.1]
+* stringio 3.2.1.dev
+* strscan 3.1.9.dev
+  * 3.1.6 to [v3.1.7][strscan-v3.1.7], [v3.1.8][strscan-v3.1.8]
+* syntax_suggest 3.0.0
+* timeout 0.6.1
+  * 0.6.0 to [v0.6.1][timeout-v0.6.1]
+* zlib 3.2.3
+  * 3.2.2 to [v3.2.3][zlib-v3.2.3]
 
-The following bundled gems are added.
+### The following bundled gems are updated.
 
+* minitest 6.0.6
+* rake 13.4.2
+  * 13.3.1 to [v13.4.0][rake-v13.4.0], [v13.4.1][rake-v13.4.1], [v13.4.2][rake-v13.4.2]
+* test-unit 3.7.7
+  * 3.7.5 to [3.7.6][test-unit-3.7.6], [3.7.7][test-unit-3.7.7]
+* net-imap 0.6.4
+  * 0.6.2 to [v0.6.3][net-imap-v0.6.3], [v0.6.4][net-imap-v0.6.4]
+* rbs 4.0.2
+  * 3.10.0 to [v3.10.1][rbs-v3.10.1], [v3.10.2][rbs-v3.10.2], [v3.10.3][rbs-v3.10.3], [v3.10.4][rbs-v3.10.4], [v4.0.0.dev.5][rbs-v4.0.0.dev.5], [v4.0.0][rbs-v4.0.0], [v4.0.2][rbs-v4.0.2]
+* typeprof 0.32.0
+* mutex_m 0.3.0
+* bigdecimal 4.1.2
+  * 4.0.1 to [v4.1.0][bigdecimal-v4.1.0], [v4.1.1][bigdecimal-v4.1.1], [v4.1.2][bigdecimal-v4.1.2]
+* resolv-replace 0.2.0
+  * 0.1.1 to [v0.2.0][resolv-replace-v0.2.0]
+* syslog 0.4.0
+  * 0.3.0 to [v0.4.0][syslog-v0.4.0]
+* repl_type_completor 0.1.15
+  * 0.1.12 to [v0.1.13][repl_type_completor-v0.1.13], [v0.1.14][repl_type_completor-v0.1.14], [v0.1.15][repl_type_completor-v0.1.15]
+* pstore 0.2.1
+  * 0.2.0 to [v0.2.1][pstore-v0.2.1]
+* rdoc 7.2.0
+  * 7.0.3 to [v7.0.4][rdoc-v7.0.4], [v7.1.0][rdoc-v7.1.0], [v7.2.0][rdoc-v7.2.0]
+* win32ole 1.9.3
+  * 1.9.2 to [v1.9.3][win32ole-v1.9.3]
+* irb 1.18.0
+  * 1.16.0 to [v1.17.0][irb-v1.17.0], [v1.18.0][irb-v1.18.0]
 
-The following bundled gems are updated.
+### RubyGems and Bundler
 
-* rexml 3.4.1
-* net-imap 0.5.6
-* net-smtp 0.5.1
-* rbs 3.8.1
-* bigdecimal 3.1.9
-* syslog 0.3.0
-* repl_type_completor 0.1.10
+Ruby 4.0 bundled RubyGems and Bundler version 4. see the following links for details.
 
 ## Supported platforms
 
@@ -73,8 +142,125 @@ The following bundled gems are updated.
 
 ## C API updates
 
+### Embedded TypedData
+
+* The `RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE` flag is now public and documented and can be used by C extensions.
+  It allows allocating C structs directly into Ruby object slots, which reduces pointer chasing,
+  and in some case memory usage.
+  See the C extension documentation for details. [[Feature #21853]]
+
+* Added new C23 inspired allocator functions, that takes the previous memory size.
+  This allow the Ruby GC to better keep track of memory usage, improving its heuristics.
+  It also improves the performance of system allocators that support C23 `free_sized`.
+
+  However, it is important to note that passing an incorrect size to these function is undefined
+  behavior and may result in crashes or memory leaks.
+
+  - `ruby_xfree_sized(void *ptr, size_t size)`
+  - `ruby_xrealloc_sized(void *ptr, size_t newsiz, size_t oldsiz)`
+  - `ruby_xrealloc2_sized(void *ptr, size_t newelems, size_t newsiz, size_t oldelems)`
+
+  [[Feature #21861]]
+
+### Removed APIs
+
+The following APIs, which have been deprecated for many years, are removed.
+[[Feature #21768]]
+
+* old postponed job functions,
+* untyped data object type/functions,
+* old APIs to allocate a data object,
+* taintedness/trustedness enums/macros,
+* `rb_gc_force_recycle` function,
+* `rb_iterate` function,
+* and some functions and constants for internal use.
+
 ## Implementation improvements
 
+### Ractor
+
+A lot of work has gone into making Ractors more stable, performant, and usable. These improvements bring Ractor implementation closer to leaving experimental status.
+
 ## JIT
 
-[Bug #21049]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21049
+[Feature #8948]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8948
+[Feature #15330]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15330
+[Feature #21390]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21390
+[Feature #21768]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21768
+[Feature #21785]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21785
+[Feature #21796]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21796
+[Feature #21853]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21853
+[Feature #21861]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21861
+[Feature #21932]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21932
+[Feature #21981]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21981
+[RubyGems-v4.0.4]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.4
+[RubyGems-v4.0.5]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.5
+[RubyGems-v4.0.6]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.6
+[RubyGems-v4.0.7]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.7
+[RubyGems-v4.0.8]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.8
+[RubyGems-v4.0.9]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.9
+[RubyGems-v4.0.10]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.10
+[RubyGems-v4.0.11]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.11
+[RubyGems-v4.0.12]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/v4.0.12
+[bundler-v4.0.4]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.4
+[bundler-v4.0.5]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.5
+[bundler-v4.0.6]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.6
+[bundler-v4.0.7]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.7
+[bundler-v4.0.8]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.8
+[bundler-v4.0.9]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.9
+[bundler-v4.0.10]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.10
+[bundler-v4.0.11]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.11
+[bundler-v4.0.12]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/releases/tag/bundler-v4.0.12
+[erb-v6.0.1.1]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.1.1
+[erb-v6.0.2]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.2
+[erb-v6.0.3]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.3
+[erb-v6.0.4]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.4
+[ipaddr-v1.2.9]: https://github.com/ruby/ipaddr/releases/tag/v1.2.9
+[json-v2.18.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.18.1
+[json-v2.19.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.0
+[json-v2.19.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.1
+[json-v2.19.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.2
+[json-v2.19.3]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.3
+[json-v2.19.4]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.4
+[json-v2.19.5]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.5
+[json-v2.19.6]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.6
+[json-v2.19.7]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.7
+[openssl-v4.0.1]: https://github.com/ruby/openssl/releases/tag/v4.0.1
+[openssl-v4.0.2]: https://github.com/ruby/openssl/releases/tag/v4.0.2
+[prism-v1.8.0]: https://github.com/ruby/prism/releases/tag/v1.8.0
+[prism-v1.8.1]: https://github.com/ruby/prism/releases/tag/v1.8.1
+[prism-v1.9.0]: https://github.com/ruby/prism/releases/tag/v1.9.0
+[resolv-v0.7.1]: https://github.com/ruby/resolv/releases/tag/v0.7.1
+[strscan-v3.1.7]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.7
+[strscan-v3.1.8]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.8
+[timeout-v0.6.1]: https://github.com/ruby/timeout/releases/tag/v0.6.1
+[zlib-v3.2.3]: https://github.com/ruby/zlib/releases/tag/v3.2.3
+[rake-v13.4.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rake/releases/tag/v13.4.0
+[rake-v13.4.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rake/releases/tag/v13.4.1
+[rake-v13.4.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rake/releases/tag/v13.4.2
+[test-unit-3.7.6]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.6
+[test-unit-3.7.7]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.7
+[net-imap-v0.6.3]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.3
+[net-imap-v0.6.4]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.4
+[rbs-v3.10.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.1
+[rbs-v3.10.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.2
+[rbs-v3.10.3]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.3
+[rbs-v3.10.4]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.4
+[rbs-v4.0.0.dev.5]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v4.0.0.dev.5
+[rbs-v4.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v4.0.0
+[rbs-v4.0.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v4.0.2
+[bigdecimal-v4.1.0]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v4.1.0
+[bigdecimal-v4.1.1]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v4.1.1
+[bigdecimal-v4.1.2]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v4.1.2
+[resolv-replace-v0.2.0]: https://github.com/ruby/resolv-replace/releases/tag/v0.2.0
+[syslog-v0.4.0]: https://github.com/ruby/syslog/releases/tag/v0.4.0
+[repl_type_completor-v0.1.13]: https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor/releases/tag/v0.1.13
+[repl_type_completor-v0.1.14]: https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor/releases/tag/v0.1.14
+[repl_type_completor-v0.1.15]: https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor/releases/tag/v0.1.15
+[pstore-v0.2.1]: https://github.com/ruby/pstore/releases/tag/v0.2.1
+[rdoc-v7.0.4]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.0.4
+[rdoc-v7.1.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.1.0
+[rdoc-v7.2.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.2.0
+[win32ole-v1.9.3]: https://github.com/ruby/win32ole/releases/tag/v1.9.3
+[irb-v1.17.0]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.17.0
+[irb-v1.18.0]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.18.0
diff --git a/README.EXT b/README.EXT
deleted file mode 100644
index 48b8d964c4..0000000000
--- a/README.EXT
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Moved to doc/extension.rdoc
diff --git a/README.EXT.ja b/README.EXT.ja
deleted file mode 100644
index f884ecbb0e..0000000000
--- a/README.EXT.ja
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-doc/extension.ja.rdocに移動しました
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
index 278285dc83..9bbc3a83a5 100644
--- a/README.ja.md
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 [![AppVeyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
 [![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
 
+[English](rdoc-ref:README.md)
+
 # Rubyとは
 
 Rubyはシンプルかつ強力なオブジェクト指向スクリプト言語です． Rubyは純粋なオブジェクト指向言語として設計されているので，
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6297ef1324..02435b419e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 [![Actions Status: Windows](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
 [![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
 
+[日本語](rdoc-ref:README.ja.md)
+
 # What is Ruby?
 
 Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ Bugs should be reported at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read ["Reporting Issues"]
 
 ## Contributing
 
-See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
+See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
 
 ## The Author
 
diff --git a/addr2line.c b/addr2line.c
index dc0892e308..19a6a425c1 100644
--- a/addr2line.c
+++ b/addr2line.c
@@ -637,12 +637,13 @@ follow_debuglink_build_id(const char *build_id, size_t build_id_size, int num_tr
                           obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset, FILE *errout)
 {
     static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/";
+    static const char debug_suffix[] = ".debug";
     const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
     char *p;
     obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
     size_t i;
 
-    if (PATH_MAX < global_debug_dir_len + 1 + build_id_size * 2 + 6) return;
+    if (PATH_MAX < global_debug_dir_len + build_id_size * 2 + sizeof(debug_suffix)) return;
 
     memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
     p = binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len;
@@ -653,7 +654,7 @@ follow_debuglink_build_id(const char *build_id, size_t build_id_size, int num_tr
         *p++ = tbl[n % 16];
         if (i == 0) *p++ = '/';
     }
-    strcpy(p, ".debug");
+    memcpy(p, debug_suffix, sizeof(debug_suffix));
 
     append_obj(objp);
     o2 = *objp;
@@ -2175,9 +2176,8 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
         }
     }
 
-    if (offset == -1) {
+    if (offset == 0) {
         /* main executable */
-        offset = 0;
         if (dynsym_shdr && dynstr_shdr) {
             char *strtab = file + dynstr_shdr->sh_offset;
             ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + dynsym_shdr->sh_offset);
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index 7f1db81040..6720406d89 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@
 #include "probes.h"
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
 #include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "ruby/ractor.h"
+#include "shape.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 
@@ -106,10 +109,12 @@ should_be_T_ARRAY(VALUE ary)
 } while (0)
 #define FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary) FL_UNSET((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_FLAG)
 
+#define ARY_SET_PTR_FORCE(ary, p) \
+    (RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = (p))
 #define ARY_SET_PTR(ary, p) do { \
     RUBY_ASSERT(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
     RUBY_ASSERT(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = (p); \
+    ARY_SET_PTR_FORCE(ary, p); \
 } while (0)
 #define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, n) do { \
     long tmp_n = (n); \
@@ -147,11 +152,13 @@ should_be_T_ARRAY(VALUE ary)
 
 #define ARY_CAPA(ary) (ARY_EMBED_P(ary) ? ary_embed_capa(ary) : \
                        ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary))
+#define ARY_SET_CAPA_FORCE(ary, n) \
+    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (n);
 #define ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, n) do { \
     RUBY_ASSERT(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
     RUBY_ASSERT(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
     RUBY_ASSERT(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (n); \
+    ARY_SET_CAPA_FORCE(ary, n); \
 } while (0)
 
 #define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ary) (!OBJ_FROZEN(ary) && ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary) == 1)
@@ -188,7 +195,9 @@ ary_embed_capa(VALUE ary)
 static size_t
 ary_embed_size(long capa)
 {
-    return offsetof(struct RArray, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * capa);
+    size_t size = offsetof(struct RArray, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * capa);
+    if (size < sizeof(struct RArray)) size = sizeof(struct RArray);
+    return size;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -353,7 +362,7 @@ ary_heap_alloc_buffer(size_t capa)
 static void
 ary_heap_free_ptr(VALUE ary, const VALUE *ptr, long size)
 {
-    ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ptr, size);
+    ruby_xfree_sized((void *)ptr, size);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -379,13 +388,14 @@ rb_ary_make_embedded(VALUE ary)
     if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
         const VALUE *buf = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
         long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+        long capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
 
         FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
 
         MEMCPY((void *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), (void *)buf, VALUE, len);
 
-        ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, buf, len * sizeof(VALUE));
+        ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, buf, capa * sizeof(VALUE));
     }
 }
 
@@ -420,7 +430,7 @@ ary_resize_capa(VALUE ary, long capacity)
 
             if (len > capacity) len = capacity;
             MEMCPY((VALUE *)RARRAY(ary)->as.ary, ptr, VALUE, len);
-            ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ptr, old_capa);
+            ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ptr, old_capa * sizeof(VALUE));
 
             FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
             ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
@@ -521,6 +531,8 @@ rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared_root)
 static inline void
 rb_ary_modify_check(VALUE ary)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(ruby_thread_has_gvl_p());
+
     rb_check_frozen(ary);
     ary_verify(ary);
 }
@@ -557,8 +569,8 @@ rb_ary_cancel_sharing(VALUE ary)
             VALUE *ptr = ary_heap_alloc_buffer(len);
             MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
             rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-            ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
-            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
+            ARY_SET_CAPA_FORCE(ary, len);
+            ARY_SET_PTR_FORCE(ary, ptr);
         }
 
         rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(ary);
@@ -676,22 +688,22 @@ ary_alloc_embed(VALUE klass, long capa)
 {
     size_t size = ary_embed_size(capa);
     RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size));
-    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass,
-                     T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0),
-                     size, 0);
-    /* Created array is:
-     *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
-     *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
-     */
-    return (VALUE)ary;
+   /* Created array is:
+    *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
+    *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
+    */
+    return rb_newobj_of(klass, T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG, size);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_alloc_heap(VALUE klass)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass,
-                     T_ARRAY | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0),
-                     sizeof(struct RArray), 0);
+    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass, T_ARRAY, sizeof(struct RArray));
+
+    ary->as.heap.len = 0;
+    ary->as.heap.aux.capa = 0;
+    ary->as.heap.ptr = NULL;
+
     return (VALUE)ary;
 }
 
@@ -705,6 +717,8 @@ empty_ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(ruby_thread_has_gvl_p());
+
     VALUE ary;
 
     if (capa < 0) {
@@ -787,23 +801,21 @@ ec_ary_alloc_embed(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, long capa)
 {
     size_t size = ary_embed_size(capa);
     RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size));
-    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass,
-            T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0),
-            size, ec);
-    /* Created array is:
-     *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
-     *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
-     */
-    return (VALUE)ary;
+   /* Created array is:
+    *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
+    *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
+    */
+    return rb_ec_newobj_of(ec, klass, T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG, size);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ec_ary_alloc_heap(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass,
-            T_ARRAY | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0),
-            sizeof(struct RArray), ec);
-    return (VALUE)ary;
+    VALUE ary = rb_ec_newobj_of(ec, klass, T_ARRAY, sizeof(struct RArray));
+    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.len = 0;
+    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = 0;
+    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = NULL;
+    return ary;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -898,6 +910,7 @@ init_fake_ary_flags(void)
     struct RArray fake_ary = {0};
     fake_ary.basic.flags = T_ARRAY;
     VALUE ary = (VALUE)&fake_ary;
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(ary, ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER);
     rb_ary_freeze(ary);
     return fake_ary.basic.flags;
 }
@@ -1434,10 +1447,12 @@ rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
     {
         ary_resize_capa(ary, n * 2);
     }
-    --n;
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
+
+    VALUE obj = RARRAY_AREF(ary, n - 1);
+
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n - 1);
     ary_verify(ary);
-    return RARRAY_AREF(ary, n);
+    return obj;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1765,14 +1780,10 @@ static VALUE rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e);
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self[index] -> object or nil
- *    self[start, length] -> object or nil
+ *    self[offset] -> object or nil
+ *    self[offset, size] -> object or nil
  *    self[range] -> object or nil
  *    self[aseq] -> object or nil
- *    slice(index) -> object or nil
- *    slice(start, length) -> object or nil
- *    slice(range) -> object or nil
- *    slice(aseq) -> object or nil
  *
  *  Returns elements from +self+; does not modify +self+.
  *
@@ -1780,27 +1791,27 @@ static VALUE rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e);
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *
- *    # Single argument index: returns one element.
+ *    # Single argument offset: returns one element.
  *    a[0]     # => :foo          # Zero-based index.
  *    a[-1]    # => 2             # Negative index counts backwards from end.
  *
- *    # Arguments start and length: returns an array.
+ *    # Arguments offset and size: returns an array.
  *    a[1, 2]  # => ["bar", 2]
- *    a[-2, 2] # => ["bar", 2]    # Negative start counts backwards from end.
+ *    a[-2, 2] # => ["bar", 2]    # Negative offset counts backwards from end.
  *
  *    # Single argument range: returns an array.
  *    a[0..1]  # => [:foo, "bar"]
  *    a[0..-2] # => [:foo, "bar"] # Negative range-begin counts backwards from end.
  *    a[-2..2] # => ["bar", 2]    # Negative range-end counts backwards from end.
  *
- *  When a single integer argument +index+ is given, returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *  When a single integer argument +offset+ is given, returns the element at offset +offset+:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *    a[0] # => :foo
  *    a[2] # => 2
  *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
  *
- *  If +index+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of +self+:
+ *  If +offset+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of +self+:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *    a[-1] # => 2
@@ -1808,29 +1819,29 @@ static VALUE rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e);
  *
  *  If +index+ is out of range, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  When two Integer arguments +start+ and +length+ are given,
- *  returns a new array of size +length+ containing successive elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *  When two Integer arguments +offset+ and +size+ are given,
+ *  returns a new array of size +size+ containing successive elements beginning at offset +offset+:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *    a[0, 2] # => [:foo, "bar"]
  *    a[1, 2] # => ["bar", 2]
  *
- *  If <tt>start + length</tt> is greater than <tt>self.length</tt>,
- *  returns all elements from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *  If <tt>offset + size</tt> is greater than <tt>self.size</tt>,
+ *  returns all elements from offset +offset+ to the end:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *    a[0, 4] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
  *    a[1, 3] # => ["bar", 2]
  *    a[2, 2] # => [2]
  *
- *  If <tt>start == self.size</tt> and <tt>length >= 0</tt>,
+ *  If <tt>offset == self.size</tt> and <tt>size >= 0</tt>,
  *  returns a new empty array.
  *
- *  If +length+ is negative, returns +nil+.
+ *  If +size+ is negative, returns +nil+.
  *
  *  When a single Range argument +range+ is given,
- *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +start+ above
- *  and <tt>range.size</tt> as +length+ above:
+ *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +offset+ above
+ *  and <tt>range.size</tt> as +size+ above:
  *
  *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *    a[0..1] # => [:foo, "bar"]
@@ -2065,6 +2076,95 @@ rb_ary_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 }
 
 /*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   find(if_none_proc = nil) {|element| ... } -> object or nil
+ *   find(if_none_proc = nil) -> enumerator
+ *
+ * Returns the first element for which the block returns a truthy value.
+ *
+ * With a block given, calls the block with successive elements of the array;
+ * returns the first element for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *
+ *   [1, 3, 5].find {|element| element > 2}                # => 3
+ *
+ * If no such element is found, calls +if_none_proc+ and returns its return value.
+ *
+ *   [1, 3, 5].find(proc {-1}) {|element| element > 12} # => -1
+ *
+ * With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
+ *
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_find(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE if_none;
+    long idx;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);
+    if_none = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
+
+    for (idx = 0; idx < RARRAY_LEN(ary); idx++) {
+        VALUE elem = RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx);
+        if (RTEST(rb_yield(elem))) {
+            return elem;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(if_none)) {
+        return rb_funcallv(if_none, idCall, 0, 0);
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   rfind(if_none_proc = nil) {|element| ... } -> object or nil
+ *   rfind(if_none_proc = nil) -> enumerator
+ *
+ * Returns the last element for which the block returns a truthy value.
+ *
+ * With a block given, calls the block with successive elements of the array in
+ * reverse order; returns the first element for which the block returns a truthy
+ * value:
+ *
+ *   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].rfind {|element| element < 5}       # => 4
+ *
+ * If no such element is found, calls +if_none_proc+ and returns its return value.
+ *
+ *   [1, 2, 3, 4].rfind(proc {0}) {|element| element < -2}  # => 0
+ *
+ * With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
+ *
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_rfind(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE if_none;
+    long len, idx;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);
+    if_none = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
+
+    idx = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    while (idx--) {
+        VALUE elem = RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx);
+        if (RTEST(rb_yield(elem))) {
+            return elem;
+        }
+
+        len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        idx = (idx >= len) ? len : idx;
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(if_none)) {
+        return rb_funcallv(if_none, idCall, 0, 0);
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
  *  call-seq:
  *    find_index(object) -> integer or nil
  *    find_index {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
@@ -2317,7 +2417,7 @@ rb_ary_resize(VALUE ary, long len)
         MEMCPY((VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len); /* WB: no new reference */
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
 
-        if (is_malloc_ptr) ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ptr, ptr_capa);
+        if (is_malloc_ptr) ruby_xfree_sized((void *)ptr, ptr_capa);
     }
     else {
         if (olen > len + ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
@@ -2584,18 +2684,39 @@ ary_enum_length(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
     return rb_ary_length(ary);
 }
 
-// Primitive to avoid a race condition in Array#each.
-// Return `true` and write `value` and `index` if the element exists.
-static VALUE
-ary_fetch_next(VALUE self, VALUE *index, VALUE *value)
+// These array primitives enable tight compatibility with the C implementation
+// in terms of what method calls happen. They can use unchecked utilities such as
+// FIX2LONG since unlike userland Ruby code, these methods cannot be traced with
+// TracePoint (or ruby/debug.h APIs) and have their local variables changed from
+// underneath them.
+
+// Return true if the index is at or past the end of the array.
+VALUE
+rb_jit_ary_at_end(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE index)
 {
-    long i = NUM2LONG(*index);
-    if (i >= RARRAY_LEN(self)) {
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-    *value = RARRAY_AREF(self, i);
-    *index = LONG2NUM(i + 1);
-    return Qtrue;
+    return FIX2LONG(index) >= RARRAY_LEN(self) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+// Return the element at the given fixnum index.
+VALUE
+rb_jit_ary_at(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE index)
+{
+    return RARRAY_AREF(self, FIX2LONG(index));
+}
+
+// Increment a fixnum by 1.
+VALUE
+rb_jit_fixnum_inc(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE num)
+{
+    return LONG2FIX(FIX2LONG(num) + 1);
+}
+
+// Push a value onto an array and return the value.
+VALUE
+rb_jit_ary_push(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE ary, VALUE val)
+{
+    rb_ary_push(ary, val);
+    return val;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2893,23 +3014,28 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
         StringValue(sep);
         len += RSTRING_LEN(sep) * (RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1);
     }
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+    long len_memo = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    for (i=0; i < len_memo; i++) {
         val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-        tmp = rb_check_string_type(val);
-
-        if (NIL_P(tmp) || tmp != val) {
-            int first;
-            long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-            if (i > n) i = n;
-            result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (n-i)*10);
-            rb_enc_associate(result, rb_usascii_encoding());
-            i = ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
-            first = i == 0;
-            ary_join_1(ary, ary, sep, i, result, &first);
-            return result;
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING))) {
+            tmp = rb_check_string_type(val);
+            if (NIL_P(tmp) || tmp != val) {
+                int first;
+                long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+                if (i > n) i = n;
+                result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (n-i)*10);
+                rb_enc_associate(result, rb_usascii_encoding());
+                i = ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
+                first = i == 0;
+                ary_join_1(ary, ary, sep, i, result, &first);
+                return result;
+            }
+            len += RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
+            len_memo = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        }
+        else {
+            len += RSTRING_LEN(val);
         }
-
-        len += RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
     }
 
     result = rb_str_new(0, len);
@@ -3048,7 +3174,7 @@ rb_ary_to_a(VALUE ary)
  *  forms each sub-array into a key-value pair in the new hash:
  *
  *    a = [['foo', 'zero'], ['bar', 'one'], ['baz', 'two']]
- *    a.to_h # => {"foo"=>"zero", "bar"=>"one", "baz"=>"two"}
+ *    a.to_h # => {"foo" => "zero", "bar" => "one", "baz" => "two"}
  *    [].to_h # => {}
  *
  *  With a block given, the block must return a 2-element array;
@@ -3057,7 +3183,7 @@ rb_ary_to_a(VALUE ary)
  *
  *    a = ['foo', :bar, 1, [2, 3], {baz: 4}]
  *    a.to_h {|element| [element, element.class] }
- *    # => {"foo"=>String, :bar=>Symbol, 1=>Integer, [2, 3]=>Array, {:baz=>4}=>Hash}
+ *    # => {"foo" => String, bar: Symbol, 1 => Integer, [2, 3] => Array, {baz: 4} => Hash}
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Converting].
  */
@@ -3434,10 +3560,9 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
                 ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_HEAP_LEN(tmp));
             }
             /* tmp was lost ownership for the ptr */
-            FL_UNSET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
             FL_SET_EMBED(tmp);
             ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(tmp, 0);
-            FL_SET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
+            OBJ_FREEZE(tmp);
         }
         /* tmp will be GC'ed. */
         RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(tmp, rb_cArray); /* rb_cArray must be marked */
@@ -3498,7 +3623,7 @@ static VALUE rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary);
  *  Returns the element from +self+ found by a binary search,
  *  or +nil+ if the search found no suitable element.
  *
- *  See {Binary Searching}[rdoc-ref:bsearch.rdoc].
+ *  See {Binary Searching}[rdoc-ref:language/bsearch.rdoc].
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Fetching].
  */
@@ -3522,7 +3647,7 @@ rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
  *  Returns the integer index of the element from +self+ found by a binary search,
  *  or +nil+ if the search found no suitable element.
  *
- *  See {Binary Searching}[rdoc-ref:bsearch.rdoc].
+ *  See {Binary Searching}[rdoc-ref:language/bsearch.rdoc].
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Fetching].
  */
@@ -3655,9 +3780,9 @@ rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    collect! {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    collect! {|element| ... } -> self
  *    collect! -> new_enumerator
- *    map! {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    map! {|element| ... } -> self
  *    map! -> new_enumerator
  *
  *  With a block given, calls the block with each element of +self+
@@ -4553,7 +4678,7 @@ take_items(VALUE obj, long n)
  *     [:c3, :b3, :a3]]
  *
  *  For an *object* in *other_arrays* that is not actually an array,
- *  forms the the "other array" as <tt>object.to_ary</tt>, if defined,
+ *  forms the "other array" as <tt>object.to_ary</tt>, if defined,
  *  or as <tt>object.each.to_a</tt> otherwise.
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Converting].
@@ -4713,6 +4838,8 @@ rb_ary_replace(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
         ARY_SET_PTR(copy, ARY_HEAP_PTR(orig));
         ARY_SET_LEN(copy, ARY_HEAP_LEN(orig));
         rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared_root);
+
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_OBJ_SHAREABLE_P(copy) ? RB_OBJ_SHAREABLE_P(shared_root) : 1);
     }
     ary_verify(copy);
     return copy;
@@ -4751,10 +4878,10 @@ rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    fill(object, start = nil, count = nil) -> new_array
- *    fill(object, range) -> new_array
- *    fill(start = nil, count = nil) {|element| ... } -> new_array
- *    fill(range) {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    fill(object, start = nil, count = nil) -> self
+ *    fill(object, range) -> self
+ *    fill(start = nil, count = nil) {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    fill(range) {|element| ... } -> self
  *
  *  Replaces selected elements in +self+;
  *  may add elements to +self+;
@@ -5316,8 +5443,8 @@ rb_ary_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2, ary2);
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_ary_hash_values(long len, const VALUE *elements)
+static VALUE
+ary_hash_values(long len, const VALUE *elements, const VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
     st_index_t h;
@@ -5328,11 +5455,21 @@ rb_ary_hash_values(long len, const VALUE *elements)
     for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
         n = rb_hash(elements[i]);
         h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(n));
+        if (ary) {
+            len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+            elements = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+        }
     }
     h = rb_hash_end(h);
     return ST2FIX(h);
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_ary_hash_values(long len, const VALUE *elements)
+{
+    return ary_hash_values(len, elements, 0);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    hash -> integer
@@ -5351,7 +5488,8 @@ rb_ary_hash_values(long len, const VALUE *elements)
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_hash(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_ary_hash_values(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(ary);
+    return ary_hash_values(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary), ary);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5608,7 +5746,7 @@ rb_ary_difference_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
         VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
         for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
             if (is_hash[j]) {
-                if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(argv[j], RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), NULL))
+                if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(argv[j], elt, NULL))
                     break;
             }
             else {
@@ -5753,7 +5891,7 @@ rb_ary_union_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE ary2)
  *
  *  Returns the union of +self+ and +other_array+;
  *  duplicates are removed; order is preserved;
- *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt> and <tt>hash</tt>:
  *
  *    [0, 1] | [2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
  *    [0, 1, 1] | [2, 2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
@@ -5787,7 +5925,7 @@ rb_ary_or(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
  *
  *  Returns a new array that is the union of the elements of +self+
  *  and all given arrays +other_arrays+;
- *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt> and <tt>hash</tt>:
  *
  *    [0, 1, 2, 3].union([4, 5], [6, 7]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
  *
@@ -6287,7 +6425,7 @@ push_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ary)
  *  returns +self+ if any elements removed, +nil+ otherwise.
  *
  *  With no block given, identifies and removes elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
- *  to compare elements:
+ *  and <tt>hash</tt> to compare elements:
  *
  *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
  *    a.uniq! # => [0, 1, 2]
@@ -6295,7 +6433,7 @@ push_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ary)
  *
  *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
  *  identifies and omits "duplicate" elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
- *  to compare <i>block return values</i>;
+ *  and <tt>hash</tt> to compare <i>block return values</i>;
  *  that is, an element is a duplicate if its block return value
  *  is the same as that of a previous element:
  *
@@ -6344,14 +6482,14 @@ rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
  *  the first occurrence always being retained.
  *
  *  With no block given, identifies and omits duplicate elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
- *  to compare elements:
+ *  and <tt>hash</tt> to compare elements:
  *
  *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
  *    a.uniq # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
  *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
  *  identifies and omits "duplicate" elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
- *  to compare <i>block return values</i>;
+ *  and <tt>hash</tt> to compare <i>block return values</i>;
  *  that is, an element is a duplicate if its block return value
  *  is the same as that of a previous element:
  *
@@ -6398,7 +6536,7 @@ rb_ary_uniq(VALUE ary)
  *  see also {Methods for Deleting}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Deleting].
  */
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE *p, *t, *end;
@@ -6605,16 +6743,16 @@ flatten(VALUE ary, int level)
  *  With non-negative integer argument +depth+, flattens recursively through +depth+ levels:
  *
  *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5, {foo: 0}, Set.new([6, 7]) ]
- *    a                   # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.dup.flatten!(1)   # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.dup.flatten!(1.1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.dup.flatten!(2)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.dup.flatten!(3)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a                   # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!(1)   # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!(1.1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!(2)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!(3)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
  *
  *  With +nil+ or negative argument +depth+, flattens all levels:
  *
- *    a.dup.flatten!     # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.dup.flatten!(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!     # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.dup.flatten!(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
  *
  *  Related: Array#flatten;
  *  see also {Methods for Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Assigning].
@@ -6661,17 +6799,17 @@ rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
  *  With non-negative integer argument +depth+, flattens recursively through +depth+ levels:
  *
  *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5, {foo: 0}, Set.new([6, 7]) ]
- *    a              # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(0)   # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(1  ) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(1.1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(2)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(3)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a              # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(0)   # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(1  ) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(1.1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(2)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(3)   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
  *
  *  With +nil+ or negative +depth+, flattens all levels.
  *
- *    a.flatten     # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
- *    a.flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {:foo=>0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten     # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
+ *    a.flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {foo: 0}, #<Set: {6, 7}>]
  *
  *  Related: Array#flatten!;
  *  see also {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Array@Methods+for+Converting].
@@ -8297,12 +8435,12 @@ rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
  *
  *      [1, 'one', :one, [2, 'two', :two]]
  *
- *  - A {%w or %W string-array Literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@25w+and+-25W-3A+String-Array+Literals]:
+ *  - A {%w or %W string-array Literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@w-and-w-String-Array-Literals]:
  *
  *      %w[foo bar baz] # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
  *      %w[1 % *]       # => ["1", "%", "*"]
  *
- *  - A {%i or %I symbol-array Literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@25i+and+-25I-3A+Symbol-Array+Literals]:
+ *  - A {%i or %I symbol-array Literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@i+and-I-Symbol-Array+Literals]:
  *
  *      %i[foo bar baz] # => [:foo, :bar, :baz]
  *      %i[1 % *]       # => [:"1", :%, :*]
@@ -8564,8 +8702,8 @@ rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
  *
  *  First, what's elsewhere. Class \Array:
  *
- *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
+ *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats-Here].
+ *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats-Here],
  *    which provides dozens of additional methods.
  *
  *  Here, class \Array provides methods that are useful for:
@@ -8707,7 +8845,7 @@ rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
  *  - #collect! (aliased as #map!): Replaces each element with a block return-value.
  *  - #flatten: Returns an array that is a recursive flattening of +self+.
  *  - #inspect (aliased as #to_s): Returns a new String containing the elements.
- *  - #join: Returns a newsString containing the elements joined by the field separator.
+ *  - #join: Returns a new String containing the elements joined by the field separator.
  *  - #to_a: Returns +self+ or a new array containing all elements.
  *  - #to_ary: Returns +self+.
  *  - #to_h: Returns a new hash formed from the elements.
@@ -8775,6 +8913,9 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "length", rb_ary_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "size", rb_ary_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "empty?", rb_ary_empty_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find", rb_ary_find, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "detect", rb_ary_find, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rfind", rb_ary_rfind, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find_index", rb_ary_index, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rindex", rb_ary_rindex, -1);
@@ -8856,7 +8997,7 @@ Init_Array(void)
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "deconstruct", rb_ary_deconstruct, 0);
 
-    rb_cArray_empty_frozen = rb_ary_freeze(rb_ary_new());
+    rb_cArray_empty_frozen = RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_ary_freeze(rb_ary_new()));
     rb_vm_register_global_object(rb_cArray_empty_frozen);
 }
 
diff --git a/array.rb b/array.rb
index 5f31693cab..7ee4e09a4c 100644
--- a/array.rb
+++ b/array.rb
@@ -212,20 +212,20 @@ class Array
     indexes
   end
 
-  with_yjit do
+  with_jit do
     if Primitive.rb_builtin_basic_definition_p(:each)
       undef :each
 
       def each # :nodoc:
-        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace
+        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace, :without_interrupts
 
         unless defined?(yield)
           return Primitive.cexpr! 'SIZED_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0, ary_enum_length)'
         end
-        _i = 0
-        value = nil
-        while Primitive.cexpr!(%q{ ary_fetch_next(self, LOCAL_PTR(_i), LOCAL_PTR(value)) })
-          yield value
+        i = 0
+        until Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at_end(i)
+          yield Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at(i)
+          i = Primitive.rb_jit_fixnum_inc(i)
         end
         self
       end
@@ -235,17 +235,18 @@ class Array
       undef :map
 
       def map # :nodoc:
-        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace
+        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace, :without_interrupts
 
         unless defined?(yield)
           return Primitive.cexpr! 'SIZED_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0, ary_enum_length)'
         end
 
-        _i = 0
-        value = nil
+        i = 0
         result = Primitive.ary_sized_alloc
-        while Primitive.cexpr!(%q{ ary_fetch_next(self, LOCAL_PTR(_i), LOCAL_PTR(value)) })
-          result << yield(value)
+        until Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at_end(i)
+          value = yield(Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at(i))
+          Primitive.rb_jit_ary_push(result, value)
+          i = Primitive.rb_jit_fixnum_inc(i)
         end
         result
       end
@@ -260,17 +261,20 @@ class Array
       undef :select
 
       def select # :nodoc:
-        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace
+        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace, :without_interrupts
 
         unless defined?(yield)
           return Primitive.cexpr! 'SIZED_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0, ary_enum_length)'
         end
 
-        _i = 0
-        value = nil
+        i = 0
         result = Primitive.ary_sized_alloc
-        while Primitive.cexpr!(%q{ ary_fetch_next(self, LOCAL_PTR(_i), LOCAL_PTR(value)) })
-          result << value if yield value
+        until Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at_end(i)
+          value = Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at(i)
+          if yield value
+            Primitive.rb_jit_ary_push(result, value)
+          end
+          i = Primitive.rb_jit_fixnum_inc(i)
         end
         result
       end
@@ -280,5 +284,24 @@ class Array
         alias filter select
       end
     end
+
+    if Primitive.rb_builtin_basic_definition_p(:find)
+      undef :find
+
+      def find(if_none_proc = nil) # :nodoc:
+        Primitive.attr! :inline_block, :c_trace, :without_interrupts
+
+        unless defined?(yield)
+          return Primitive.cexpr! 'SIZED_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0, ary_enum_length)'
+        end
+        i = 0
+        until Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at_end(i)
+          value = Primitive.rb_jit_ary_at(i)
+          return value if yield(value)
+          i = Primitive.rb_jit_fixnum_inc(i)
+        end
+        if_none_proc&.call
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ast.c b/ast.c
index b98fba6fab..1ddc2b5791 100644
--- a/ast.c
+++ b/ast.c
@@ -32,9 +32,13 @@ static size_t
 node_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
     struct ASTNodeData *data = (struct ASTNodeData *)ptr;
-    rb_ast_t *ast = rb_ruby_ast_data_get(data->ast_value);
+    size_t size = sizeof(struct ASTNodeData);
+    if (data->ast_value) {
+        rb_ast_t *ast = rb_ruby_ast_data_get(data->ast_value);
+        size += rb_ast_memsize(ast);
+    }
 
-    return sizeof(struct ASTNodeData) + rb_ast_memsize(ast);
+    return size;
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t rb_node_type = {
@@ -400,6 +404,19 @@ rest_arg(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *rest_arg)
     return NODE_NAMED_REST_P(rest_arg) ? NEW_CHILD(ast_value, rest_arg) : no_name_rest();
 }
 
+static ID
+node_colon_name(const NODE *node)
+{
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+        return RNODE_COLON2(node)->nd_mid;
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        return RNODE_COLON3(node)->nd_mid;
+      default:
+        rb_bug("unexpected node: %s", ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)));
+    }
+}
+
 static VALUE
 node_children(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
 {
@@ -493,7 +510,7 @@ node_children(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
         if (RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_vid) {
             return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_vid), NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_value));
         }
-        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_else), ID2SYM(RNODE_COLON2(RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_else)->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_value));
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_else), ID2SYM(node_colon_name(RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_else)), NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_CDECL(node)->nd_value));
       case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
         return rb_ary_new_from_args(4, NEW_CHILD(ast_value, RNODE_OP_ASGN1(node)->nd_recv),
                                     ID2SYM(RNODE_OP_ASGN1(node)->nd_mid),
@@ -681,7 +698,7 @@ node_children(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
                                             : var_name(ainfo->rest_arg)),
                                         (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast_value, (NODE *)ainfo->kw_args)),
                                         (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast_value, ainfo->kw_rest_arg)),
-                                        var_name(ainfo->block_arg));
+                                        (ainfo->no_blockarg ? Qfalse : var_name(ainfo->block_arg)));
         }
       case NODE_SCOPE:
         {
@@ -812,6 +829,20 @@ node_locations(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
                                     location_new(&RNODE_CLASS(node)->class_keyword_loc),
                                     location_new(&RNODE_CLASS(node)->inheritance_operator_loc),
                                     location_new(&RNODE_CLASS(node)->end_keyword_loc));
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_COLON2(node)->delimiter_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_COLON2(node)->name_loc));
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_COLON3(node)->delimiter_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_COLON3(node)->name_loc));
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_DEFINED(node)->keyword_loc));
       case NODE_DOT2:
         return rb_ary_new_from_args(2,
                                     location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
@@ -852,6 +883,17 @@ node_locations(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
                                     location_new(&RNODE_IF(node)->if_keyword_loc),
                                     location_new(&RNODE_IF(node)->then_keyword_loc),
                                     location_new(&RNODE_IF(node)->end_keyword_loc));
+      case NODE_IN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_IN(node)->in_keyword_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_IN(node)->then_keyword_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_IN(node)->operator_loc));
+      case NODE_MODULE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_MODULE(node)->module_keyword_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_MODULE(node)->end_keyword_loc));
       case NODE_NEXT:
         return rb_ary_new_from_args(2,
                                     location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
@@ -893,6 +935,14 @@ node_locations(VALUE ast_value, const NODE *node)
         return rb_ary_new_from_args(2,
                                     location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
                                     location_new(&RNODE_RETURN(node)->keyword_loc));
+
+      case NODE_SCLASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                    location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_SCLASS(node)->class_keyword_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_SCLASS(node)->operator_loc),
+                                    location_new(&RNODE_SCLASS(node)->end_keyword_loc));
+
       case NODE_SPLAT:
         return rb_ary_new_from_args(2,
                                     location_new(nd_code_loc(node)),
diff --git a/autogen.sh b/autogen.sh
index f8cdf3c0c1..6cbc5dddab 100755
--- a/autogen.sh
+++ b/autogen.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Clear PWD to force commands to recompute working directory
 PWD=
+
+# Figure out the source directory for this script
+# configure.ac should be in the same place
 case "$0" in
-*/*) srcdir=`dirname $0`;;
-*) srcdir="";;
+    */* )  srcdir=`dirname "$0"` ;; # Called with path
+    *   )  srcdir="";; # Otherwise
 esac
 
-symlink='--install --symlink'
+# If install-only is explicitly requested, disable symlink flags
 case " $* " in
-    *" -i "*|*" --install "*)
-        # reset to copy missing standard auxiliary files, instead of symlinks
-        symlink=
-        ;;
+    *" -i "* | *" --install"* ) symlink_flags="" ;;
+    *                         ) symlink_flags="--install --symlink" ;;
 esac
 
-exec ${AUTORECONF:-autoreconf} ${symlink} "$@" ${srcdir:+"$srcdir"}
+exec ${AUTORECONF:-autoreconf} \
+     $symlink_flags \
+     "$@" \
+     $srcdir
diff --git a/benchmark/README.md b/benchmark/README.md
index c5c29d0daf..9f9192685e 100644
--- a/benchmark/README.md
+++ b/benchmark/README.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Usage: benchmark-driver [options] RUBY|YAML...
         --filter REGEXP              Filter out benchmarks with given regexp
         --run-duration SECONDS       Warmup estimates loop_count to run for this duration (default: 3)
         --timeout SECONDS            Timeout ruby command execution with timeout(1)
-    -v, --verbose                    Verbose mode. Multiple -v options increase visilibity (max: 2)
+    -v, --verbose                    Verbose mode. Multiple -v options increase visibility (max: 2)
 ```
 
 ## make benchmark
diff --git a/benchmark/app_fib.rb b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
index 34a7b2e725..e61bc8aa32 100644
--- a/benchmark/app_fib.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-def fib n
+def fib(n)
   if n < 3
     1
   else
diff --git a/benchmark/class_superclass.yml b/benchmark/class_superclass.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..847ff811f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/class_superclass.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+prelude: |
+  class SimpleClass; end
+  class OneModuleClass
+    1.times { include Module.new }
+  end
+  class MediumClass
+    10.times { include Module.new }
+  end
+  class LargeClass
+    100.times { include Module.new }
+  end
+benchmark:
+  object_class_superclass: |
+    Object.superclass
+  simple_class_superclass: |
+    SimpleClass.superclass
+  one_module_class: |
+    OneModuleClass.superclass
+  medium_class_superclass: |
+    MediumClass.superclass
+  large_class_superclass: |
+    LargeClass.superclass
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/dir_pwd.yml b/benchmark/dir_pwd.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c435d3ac5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/dir_pwd.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+benchmark:
+  pwd: Dir.pwd
diff --git a/benchmark/file_basename.yml b/benchmark/file_basename.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fbd78785aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_basename.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+benchmark:
+  long: File.basename("/Users/george/src/github.com/ruby/ruby/benchmark/file_dirname.yml")
+  long_name: File.basename("Users_george_src_github.com_ruby_ruby_benchmark_file_dirname.yml")
+  withext: File.basename("/Users/george/src/github.com/ruby/ruby/benchmark/file_dirname.yml", ".yml")
diff --git a/benchmark/file_dirname.yml b/benchmark/file_dirname.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43a81c9371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_dirname.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+benchmark:
+  long: File.dirname("/Users/george/src/github.com/ruby/ruby/benchmark/file_dirname.yml")
+  short: File.dirname("foo/bar")
+  n_4: File.dirname("/Users/george/src/github.com/ruby/ruby/benchmark/file_dirname.yml", 4)
diff --git a/benchmark/file_expand_path.yml b/benchmark/file_expand_path.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e503ab003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_expand_path.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+benchmark:
+  expand_path: File.expand_path("../../foo.txt", __FILE__)
diff --git a/benchmark/file_extname.yml b/benchmark/file_extname.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb16e55840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_extname.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+benchmark:
+  long: File.extname("/Users/george/src/github.com/ruby/ruby/benchmark/file_dirname.yml")
+  long_name: File.extname("Users_george_src_github.com_ruby_ruby_benchmark_file_dirname.yml")
+  short: File.extname("foo/bar")
diff --git a/benchmark/file_join.yml b/benchmark/file_join.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..845257cf1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_join.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+benchmark:
+  two_strings: File.join(__FILE__, "path")
+  many_strings: File.join(__FILE__, "path", "a", "b", "c", "d")
+  array: File.join([__FILE__, "path", "a", "b", "c", "d"])
+  mixed: File.join(__FILE__, "path", "a", "b", ["c", "d"])
diff --git a/benchmark/float_predicate.yml b/benchmark/float_predicate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b946937666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/float_predicate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  floats = [1.0, -1.0, 0.0, Float::NAN, Float::INFINITY, -Float::INFINITY]
+
+benchmark:
+  float_nan?: floats.each { |f| f.nan? }
+  float_finite?: floats.each { |f| f.finite? }
+  float_infinite?: floats.each { |f| f.infinite? }
+  float_zero?: floats.each { |f| f.zero? }
+  float_positive?: floats.each { |f| f.positive? }
+  float_negative?: floats.each { |f| f.negative? }
+
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/int_to_s.yml b/benchmark/int_to_s.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..000dae9612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/int_to_s.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  N1   = 5
+  N2   = 42
+  N3   = 400
+  N5   = 12345
+  N10  = 1_234_567_890
+  N19  = 4_611_686_018_427_387_903
+  NEG  = -1_234_567_890
+  BIG20  = 10 ** 19 + 12_345_678_901_234_567
+  BIG40  = 10 ** 39 + 123_456_789_012_345
+  BIG100 = 10 ** 99 + 42
+benchmark:
+  fix_1digit:   "N1.to_s"
+  fix_2digit:   "N2.to_s"
+  fix_3digit:   "N3.to_s"
+  fix_5digit:   "N5.to_s"
+  fix_10digit:  "N10.to_s"
+  fix_19digit:  "N19.to_s"
+  fix_negative: "NEG.to_s"
+  big_20digit:  "BIG20.to_s"
+  big_40digit:  "BIG40.to_s"
+  big_100digit: "BIG100.to_s"
+  interp_id:    '"id=#{N10}"'
+  interp_mixed: '"a=#{N2},b=#{N5},c=#{N10}"'
diff --git a/benchmark/integer_predicate.yml b/benchmark/integer_predicate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c05ff2587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/integer_predicate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  nums = (0..9).to_a
+
+benchmark:
+  integer_zero?: nums.each { |n| n.zero? }
+  integer_even?: nums.each { |n| n.even? }
+  integer_odd?: nums.each { |n| n.odd? }
+
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/io_close.yml b/benchmark/io_close.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a552872884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_close.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  ios = 1000.times.map do
+    100.times.map{IO.pipe}
+  end
+benchmark:
+  # Close IO
+  io_close: |
+    # Process each batch of ios per iteration of the benchmark.
+    ios.pop.each do |r, w|
+      r.close
+      w.close
+    end
+loop_count: 100
diff --git a/benchmark/io_close_contended.yml b/benchmark/io_close_contended.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d9e4e0d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_close_contended.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+prelude: |
+  ios = 100.times.map do
+    10.times.map do
+      pipe = IO.pipe.tap do |r, w|
+        Thread.new do
+          r.read
+        rescue IOError
+          # Ignore
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  # Close IO
+  io_close_contended: |
+    # Process each batch of ios per iteration of the benchmark.
+    ios.pop.each do |r, w|
+      r.close
+      w.close
+    end
+loop_count: 10
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/ractor.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/ractor.rb
index c730b8e4a5..fd9c2dd4db 100644
--- a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/ractor.rb
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/ractor.rb
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ __bmdv_ractors << Ractor.new(__bmdv_loop_after - __bmdv_loop_before) { |__bmdv_l
 <% end %>
 
 # Wait for all Ractors before executing code to write results
-__bmdv_ractors.map!(&:take)
+__bmdv_ractors.map!(&:value)
 
 <% results.each do |result| %>
 File.write(<%= result.dump %>, __bmdv_ractors.shift)
diff --git a/benchmark/module_eqq.yml b/benchmark/module_eqq.yml
index a561fb86dc..2f9c490d92 100644
--- a/benchmark/module_eqq.yml
+++ b/benchmark/module_eqq.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 prelude: |
+  module SomeModule; end
   class SimpleClass; end
   class MediumClass
     10.times { include Module.new }
@@ -24,4 +25,8 @@ benchmark:
     SimpleClass === LargeObj
   simple_class_eqq_huge_obj: |
     SimpleClass === HugeObj
-loop_count: 20000000
+  simple_class_eqq_module: |
+    SimpleClass === HugeObj
+  module_eqq_module: |
+    SomeModule === HugeObj
+loop_count: 10000000
diff --git a/benchmark/nilclass.yml b/benchmark/nilclass.yml
index fba67a5f6a..66234c4cdf 100644
--- a/benchmark/nilclass.yml
+++ b/benchmark/nilclass.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  def a = nil
 benchmark:
+  rationalize:
+    nil.rationalize
+  to_c: |
+    nil.to_c
   to_i: |
     nil.to_i
   to_f: |
     nil.to_f
+  to_r: |
+    nil.to_r
+  splat: |
+    a(*nil)
 loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/object_allocate.yml b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
index bdbd4536db..c6269923f0 100644
--- a/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
+++ b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@ benchmark:
   allocate_kwarg_params: "KWArg.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4)"
   allocate_mixed_params: "Mixed.new(1, 2, c: 3, d: 4)"
   allocate_no_params: "Object.new"
+  allocate_allocate: "Object.allocate"
 loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/object_class.yml b/benchmark/object_class.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e5409d1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/object_class.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+prelude: |
+  def get_class(obj)
+    i = 10_000
+    while i > 0
+      i -= 1
+      # 100 times per loop
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+      obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class; obj.class;
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Obj
+  end
+  obj = Obj.new
+
+  singleton = Obj.new
+  def singleton.bar
+  end
+
+  extended = Obj.new
+  2.times do
+    extended.extend Module.new
+  end
+
+  immediate = 1.4
+benchmark:
+  obj: get_class(obj)
+  extended: get_class(extended)
+  singleton: get_class(singleton)
+  immediate: get_class(immediate)
+loop_count: 1000
diff --git a/benchmark/object_id.yml b/benchmark/object_id.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bd52b923f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/object_id.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  baseline: "Object.new"
+  object_id: "Object.new.object_id"
+# loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/pathname.yml b/benchmark/pathname.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcf3011eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/pathname.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  abs = Pathname("/a")
+  rel = Pathname("a")
+  p1 = Pathname.new('foo/././././bar')
+  p2 = Pathname.new('foo/bar/./../..')
+  p3 = Pathname.new('foo/bar/zot')
+benchmark:
+  p1+p2: p1+p2
+  abs.root?: abs.root?
+  rel.root?: rel.root?
+  abs.absolute?: abs.absolute?
+  rel.absolute?: rel.absolute?
+  p1.cleanpath: p1.cleanpath
+  p2.cleanpath: p2.cleanpath
+  relative_path_from: p3.relative_path_from('foo/bar/qux/quax')
diff --git a/benchmark/ractor_string_fstring.yml b/benchmark/ractor_string_fstring.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14b92d8fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/ractor_string_fstring.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/ractor
+benchmark:
+  ractor_fstring_random: |
+    i = 0
+    str = "same".dup
+    while i < 2000000
+      -(i.to_s.freeze)
+      i += 1
+    end
+  ractor_fstring_same: |
+    i = 0
+    str = "same".dup
+    while i < 2000000
+      -str
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
+ractor: 4
diff --git a/benchmark/set.yml b/benchmark/set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..061509cb1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+prelude: |
+  # First 1000 digits of pi
+  pi = <<~END.gsub(/\D/, '')
+    31415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089
+    98628034825342117067982148086513282306647093844609550582231725359408128481117450
+    28410270193852110555964462294895493038196442881097566593344612847564823378678316
+    52712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881
+    74881520920962829254091715364367892590360011330530548820466521384146951941511609
+    43305727036575959195309218611738193261179310511854807446237996274956735188575272
+    48912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027
+    70539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609
+    17363717872146844090122495343014654958537105079227968925892354201995611212902196
+    08640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185
+    95024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208
+    38142061717766914730359825349042875546873115956286388235378759375195778185778053
+    21712268066130019278766111959092164201989380952572010654505906988788448549
+  END
+  array1 = 10.times.flat_map do |i|
+    pi[i...].chars.each_slice(10).map(&:join)
+  end
+  array2 = array1.map(&:reverse)
+  array1.map!(&:to_i)
+  array2.map!(&:to_i)
+  a1 = array1[...10]
+  a2 = array1[...100]
+  a3 = array1
+  oa1 = array2[...10]
+  oa2 = array2[...100]
+  oa3 = array2
+  s0 = Set.new
+  s0 = Set.new
+  s1 = Set.new(a1)
+  s2 = Set.new(a2)
+  s3 = Set.new(a3)
+  o0 = Set.new
+  o1 = Set.new(array2[...10])
+  o2 = Set.new(array2[...100])
+  o3 = Set.new(array2)
+  d0 = s0.dup
+  d1 = s1.dup
+  d2 = s2.dup
+  d3 = s3.dup
+  ss1 = s1 - a1[-1..-1]
+  ss2 = s2 - a2[-1..-1]
+  ss3 = s3 - a3[-1..-1]
+  os1 = o1 - oa1[-1..-1]
+  os2 = o2 - oa2[-1..-1]
+  os3 = o3 - oa3[-1..-1]
+  member = a1.first
+  cbi = s0.dup.compare_by_identity
+  ns = Set[s3, o3, d3]
+  set_subclass = Class.new(Set)
+
+benchmark:
+  new_0: Set.new
+  new_10: Set.new(a1)
+  new_100: Set.new(a2)
+  new_1000: Set.new(a3)
+  aref_0: Set[]
+  aref_10: Set[*a1]
+  aref_100: Set[*a2]
+  aref_1000: Set[*a3]
+  amp_0: s0 & o0
+  amp_10: s1 & o1
+  amp_100: s2 & o2
+  amp_1000: s3 & o3
+  amp_same_0: s0 & d0
+  amp_same_10: s1 & d1
+  amp_same_100: s2 & d2
+  amp_same_1000: s3 & d3
+  minus_0: s0 - o0
+  minus_10: s1 - o1
+  minus_100: s2 - o2
+  minus_1000: s3 - o3
+  minus_same_0: s0 - d0
+  minus_same_10: s1 - d1
+  minus_same_100: s2 - d2
+  minus_same_1000: s3 - d3
+  spaceship_0: s0 <=> o0
+  spaceship_diff_10: s1 <=> o1
+  spaceship_diff_100: s2 <=> o2
+  spaceship_diff_1000: s2 <=> o3
+  spaceship_sub_10: s1 <=> ss1
+  spaceship_sub_100: s2 <=> ss2
+  spaceship_sub_1000: s2 <=> ss3
+  spaceship_sup_10: ss1 <=> s1
+  spaceship_sup_100: ss2 <=> s2
+  spaceship_sup_1000: ss2 <=> s3
+  eq_0: s0 == o0
+  eq_10: s1 == o1
+  eq_100: s2 == o2
+  eq_1000: s3 == o3
+  eq_same_0: s0 == d0
+  eq_same_10: s1 == d1
+  eq_same_100: s2 == d2
+  eq_same_1000: s3 == d3
+  xor_0: s0 ^ o0
+  xor_10: s1 ^ o1
+  xor_100: s2 ^ o2
+  xor_1000: s3 ^ o3
+  xor_same_0: s0 ^ d0
+  xor_same_10: s1 ^ d1
+  xor_same_100: s2 ^ d2
+  xor_same_1000: s3 ^ d3
+  pipe_0: s0 | o0
+  pipe_10: s1 | o1
+  pipe_100: s2 | o2
+  pipe_1000: s3 | o3
+  pipe_same_0: s0 | d0
+  pipe_same_10: s1 | d1
+  pipe_same_100: s2 | d2
+  pipe_same_1000: s3 | d3
+  add: a3.each { s0.add(it) }
+  add_exist: a3.each { s3.add(it) }
+  addq: a3.each { s0.add?(it) }
+  addq_exist: a3.each { s3.add?(it) }
+  classify_0: s0.classify { it }
+  classify_10: s1.classify { it & 2 }
+  classify_100: s2.classify { it & 8 }
+  classify_1000: s3.classify { it & 32 }
+  clear: s0.clear
+  collect_0: s0.collect! { it }
+  collect_10: s1.collect! { it }
+  collect_100: s2.collect! { it }
+  collect_1000: s3.collect! { it }
+  compare_by_identity_0: s0.dup.compare_by_identity
+  compare_by_identity_10: s1.dup.compare_by_identity
+  compare_by_identity_100: s2.dup.compare_by_identity
+  compare_by_identity_1000: s3.dup.compare_by_identity
+  compare_by_identityq_false: s0.compare_by_identity?
+  compare_by_identityq_true: cbi.compare_by_identity?
+  clone_0: s0.clone
+  clone_10: s1.clone
+  clone_100: s2.clone
+  clone_1000: s3.clone
+  delete: a3.each { s3.delete(it) }
+  delete_not_exist: a3.each { o3.delete(it) }
+  deleteq: a3.each { s3.delete?(it) }
+  deleteq_not_exist: a3.each { o3.delete?(it) }
+  delete_if_0: s0.delete_if { it }
+  delete_if_10: s1.delete_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  delete_if_100: s2.delete_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  delete_if_1000: s3.delete_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  disjoint_0: s0.disjoint? o0
+  disjoint_10: s1.disjoint? o1
+  disjoint_100: s2.disjoint? o2
+  disjoint_1000: s3.disjoint? o3
+  disjoint_same_0: s0.disjoint? d0
+  disjoint_same_10: s1.disjoint? d1
+  disjoint_same_100: s2.disjoint? d2
+  disjoint_same_1000: s3.disjoint? d3
+  divide_1arity_0: s0.divide { true }
+  divide_1arity_10: s1.divide { it & 2 }
+  divide_1arity_100: s2.divide { it & 8 }
+  divide_1arity_1000: s3.divide { it & 32 }
+  divide_2arity_0: s0.divide { true }
+  divide_2arity_10: s1.divide { (_1 & 2) == (_2 & 2) }
+  divide_2arity_100: s2.divide { (_1 & 8) == (_2 & 8) }
+  divide_2arity_1000: s3.divide { (_1 & 32) == (_2 & 32) }
+  dup_0: s0.dup
+  dup_10: s1.dup
+  dup_100: s2.dup
+  dup_1000: s3.dup
+  each_0: s0.each { it }
+  each_10: s1.each { it }
+  each_100: s2.each { it }
+  each_1000: s3.each { it }
+  empty_true: s0.empty?
+  empty_false: s3.empty?
+  flatten: ns.flatten
+  flattenb: ns.flatten!
+  include_true_0: s0.include? member
+  include_true_10: s1.include? member
+  include_true_100: s2.include? member
+  include_true_1000: s3.include? member
+  include_false_0: s0.include?(-1)
+  include_false_10: s1.include?(-1)
+  include_false_100: s2.include?(-1)
+  include_false_1000: s3.include?(-1)
+  intersect_0: s0.intersect? o0
+  intersect_10: s1.intersect? o1
+  intersect_100: s2.intersect? o2
+  intersect_1000: s3.intersect? o3
+  intersect_same_0: s0.intersect? d0
+  intersect_same_10: s1.intersect? d1
+  intersect_same_100: s2.intersect? d2
+  intersect_same_1000: s3.intersect? d3
+  join_0: s0.join
+  join_10: s1.join
+  join_100: s2.join
+  join_1000: s3.join
+  join_arg_0: s0.join ""
+  join_arg_10: s1.join ""
+  join_arg_100: s2.join ""
+  join_arg_1000: s3.join ""
+  keep_if_0: s0.keep_if { it }
+  keep_if_10: s1.keep_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  keep_if_100: s2.keep_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  keep_if_1000: s3.keep_if { it & 2 == 0 }
+  merge_set: s0.dup.merge(s3, o3)
+  merge_enum: s0.dup.merge(array1, array2)
+  proper_subset_0: s0.proper_subset? s0
+  proper_subset_10: s1.proper_subset? ss1
+  proper_subset_100: s2.proper_subset? ss2
+  proper_subset_1000: s3.proper_subset? ss3
+  proper_subset_false_10: s1.proper_subset? os1
+  proper_subset_false_100: s2.proper_subset? os2
+  proper_subset_false_1000: s3.proper_subset? os3
+  proper_superset_0: s0.proper_superset? s0
+  proper_superset_10: ss1.proper_superset? s1
+  proper_superset_100: ss2.proper_superset? s2
+  proper_superset_1000: ss3.proper_superset? s3
+  proper_superset_false_10: os1.proper_superset? s1
+  proper_superset_false_100: os2.proper_superset? s2
+  proper_superset_false_1000: os3.proper_superset? s3
+  reject_0: s0.reject! { it }
+  reject_10: s1.reject! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  reject_100: s2.reject! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  reject_1000: s3.reject! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  replace_0: s = Set.new; array1.each { s.replace(s0) }
+  replace_10: s = Set.new; array1.each { s.replace(s1) }
+  replace_100: s = Set.new; array1.each { s.replace(s2) }
+  replace_1000: s = Set.new; array1.each { s.replace(s3) }
+  reset_0: s0.reset
+  reset_10: s1.reset
+  reset_100: s2.reset
+  reset_1000: s3.reset
+  select_0: s0.select! { it }
+  select_10: s1.select! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  select_100: s2.select! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  select_1000: s3.select! { it & 2 == 0 }
+  size_0: s0.size
+  size_10: s1.size
+  size_100: s2.size
+  size_1000: s3.size
+  subtract_set: s3.dup.subtract(os3)
+  subtract_enum: s3.dup.subtract(oa3)
+  subtract_same_set: s3.dup.subtract(s3)
+  subtract_same_enum: s3.dup.subtract(a3)
+  subset_0: s0.subset? s0
+  subset_10: s1.subset? ss1
+  subset_100: s2.subset? ss2
+  subset_1000: s3.subset? ss3
+  subset_false_10: s1.subset? os1
+  subset_false_100: s2.subset? os2
+  subset_false_1000: s3.subset? os3
+  superset_0: s0.superset? s0
+  superset_10: ss1.superset? s1
+  superset_100: ss2.superset? s2
+  superset_1000: ss3.superset? s3
+  superset_false_10: os1.superset? s1
+  superset_false_100: os2.superset? s2
+  superset_false_1000: os3.superset? s3
+  to_a_0: s0.to_a
+  to_a_10: s1.to_a
+  to_a_100: s2.to_a
+  to_a_1000: s3.to_a
+  to_set_0: s0.to_set
+  to_set_10: s1.to_set
+  to_set_100: s2.to_set
+  to_set_1000: s3.to_set
diff --git a/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
index 2354040a04..88a3555c8a 100644
--- a/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
+++ b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ benchmark:
   casecmp-10: lstr10.casecmp(ustr10)
   casecmp-100: lstr100.casecmp(ustr100)
   casecmp-1000: lstr1000.casecmp(ustr1000)
+  casecmp-1000vs10: lstr1000.casecmp(ustr10)
   casecmp-nonascii1: lnonascii1.casecmp(unonascii1)
   casecmp-nonascii10: lnonascii10.casecmp(unonascii10)
   casecmp-nonascii100: lnonascii100.casecmp(unonascii100)
   casecmp-nonascii1000: lnonascii1000.casecmp(unonascii1000)
+  casecmp-nonascii1000vs10: lnonascii1000.casecmp(unonascii10)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_codepoints.yml b/benchmark/string_codepoints.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a07db7ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_codepoints.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  mixed_ascii64 = ("a" * 63 + "\u{100}") * 2048
+  mixed_ascii256 = ("a" * 255 + "\u{100}") * 512
+  utf8_2byte = "\u{100}" * 65536
+
+benchmark:
+  codepoints_mixed_ascii64: mixed_ascii64.codepoints
+  codepoints_mixed_ascii256: mixed_ascii256.codepoints
+  codepoints_utf8_2byte: utf8_2byte.codepoints
diff --git a/benchmark/string_coderange_scan.yml b/benchmark/string_coderange_scan.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d47bbd2b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_coderange_scan.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  def unknown(s) = s.b.force_encoding("UTF-8")
+  multibyte   = unknown("\u{00e9}" * 16384)   # best case: every byte non-ASCII
+  alternating = unknown("\u{00e9}a" * 10922)  # worst case: non-ASCII then ASCII
+  ascii       = unknown("a" * 32768)          # baseline
+
+benchmark:
+  coderange_multibyte:   multibyte.dup.valid_encoding?
+  coderange_alternating: alternating.dup.valid_encoding?
+  coderange_ascii:       ascii.dup.valid_encoding?
diff --git a/benchmark/string_concat.yml b/benchmark/string_concat.yml
index f11f95ee9a..c07fd21013 100644
--- a/benchmark/string_concat.yml
+++ b/benchmark/string_concat.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 prelude: |
   CHUNK = "a" * 64
   UCHUNK = "é" * 32
-  SHORT = "a" * (GC::INTERNAL_CONSTANTS[:BASE_SLOT_SIZE] / 2)
-  LONG = "a" * (GC::INTERNAL_CONSTANTS[:BASE_SLOT_SIZE] * 2)
+  SHORT = "a" * (GC.stat_heap(0, :slot_size) / 2)
+  LONG = "a" * (GC.stat_heap(0, :slot_size) * 2)
   GC.disable # GC causes a lot of variance
 benchmark:
   binary_concat_7bit: |
diff --git a/benchmark/string_fstring.yml b/benchmark/string_fstring.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cafef1f3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_fstring.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+benchmark:
+  fstring_random: |
+    i = 0
+    str = "same".dup
+    while i < 5_000_000
+      -(i.to_s.freeze)
+      i += 1
+    end
+  fstring_same: |
+    i = 0
+    str = "same".dup
+    while i < 10_000_000
+      -str
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/string_gsub.yml b/benchmark/string_gsub.yml
index 0f964337dd..c26e1a6498 100644
--- a/benchmark/string_gsub.yml
+++ b/benchmark/string_gsub.yml
@@ -20,8 +20,19 @@ prelude: |
   }
   ESCAPE_PATTERN = Regexp.union(ESCAPED_CHARS.keys)
 
+  NO_MATCH_SHARED_STRING = ("a" * 100_000).freeze
 
 benchmark:
+  gsub_no_match_shared: |
+    str = NO_MATCH_SHARED_STRING.dup
+    str.gsub!("z", "x")
+    str
+
+  sub_no_match_shared: |
+    str = NO_MATCH_SHARED_STRING.dup
+    str.sub!("z", "x")
+    str
+
   escape: |
     str = STR.dup
     str.gsub!(ESCAPE_PATTERN, ESCAPED_CHARS)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_memsearch.yml b/benchmark/string_memsearch.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cde363289a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_memsearch.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+prelude: |
+  # Haystacks of various sizes
+  small_hay  = "a" * 256
+  medium_hay = "a" * 4096
+  large_hay  = "a" * 65536
+
+  # Short needles (2-8 bytes) that exercise rb_memsearch_ss
+  needle_2 = "xy"
+  needle_4 = "xyzw"
+  needle_8 = "xyzwabcd"
+
+  # Needle whose first byte is absent from the haystack (memchr fast-path)
+  # vs needle whose first byte is common (rolling hash comparison)
+  first_byte_absent  = "x" + "a" * 3
+  first_byte_common  = "a" + "x" * 3
+
+  # Haystack with match at the end
+  hay_match_end = "a" * 4095 + "xy"
+
+  # Haystack with match at the start
+  hay_match_start = "xy" + "a" * 4094
+
+  # Mixed content haystack (more realistic)
+  mixed_hay = (("abcdefghij" * 100) + "z") * 10
+
+benchmark:
+  # === First byte absent from haystack (biggest win for rolling hash) ===
+  index_first_byte_absent_small: |
+    small_hay.index(first_byte_absent)
+  index_first_byte_absent_medium: |
+    medium_hay.index(first_byte_absent)
+  index_first_byte_absent_large: |
+    large_hay.index(first_byte_absent)
+
+  # === First byte common in haystack (stresses comparison loop) ===
+  index_first_byte_common_small: |
+    small_hay.index(first_byte_common)
+  index_first_byte_common_medium: |
+    medium_hay.index(first_byte_common)
+  index_first_byte_common_large: |
+    large_hay.index(first_byte_common)
+
+  # === Needle length variations (all absent) ===
+  index_needle_2_absent: |
+    medium_hay.index(needle_2)
+  index_needle_4_absent: |
+    medium_hay.index(needle_4)
+  index_needle_8_absent: |
+    medium_hay.index(needle_8)
+
+  # === Match at end of haystack ===
+  index_match_at_end: |
+    hay_match_end.index(needle_2)
+
+  # === Match at start of haystack ===
+  index_match_at_start: |
+    hay_match_start.index(needle_2)
+
+  # === include? (same code path) ===
+  include_first_byte_absent: |
+    medium_hay.include?(first_byte_absent)
+  include_first_byte_common: |
+    medium_hay.include?(first_byte_common)
+
+  # === byteindex ===
+  byteindex_first_byte_absent: |
+    medium_hay.byteindex(first_byte_absent)
+  byteindex_first_byte_common: |
+    medium_hay.byteindex(first_byte_common)
+
+  # === Mixed/realistic haystack ===
+  index_mixed_absent: |
+    mixed_hay.index(needle_4)
+  index_mixed_present: |
+    mixed_hay.index("ijab")
diff --git a/benchmark/string_scrub.yml b/benchmark/string_scrub.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b5faaad8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_scrub.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+prelude: |
+
+  STRING_SIZE = 1024
+  def duplicate_to_length(str, target_length)
+    return "" if target_length <= 0
+    return str[0, target_length] if str.length >= target_length
+
+    (str * ((target_length / str.length) + 1))[0, target_length]
+  end
+  base = "Hello \u{1f600} world! \u{00e9}\u{00f1}"
+  padding = duplicate_to_length(base, STRING_SIZE)
+
+  valid_utf8 = (padding.b + "OK".b).force_encoding("UTF-8")
+  valid_utf8.valid_encoding?
+  unknown_but_valid_utf8 = valid_utf8.dup.b.force_encoding("UTF-8")
+  invalid_utf8 = (padding.b + "\x80\xFF".b).force_encoding("UTF-8")
+  invalid_utf8.valid_encoding?
+  unknown_but_invalid_utf8 = (padding.b + "\x80\xFF".b).force_encoding("UTF-8")
+
+  worst_case_utf8 = duplicate_to_length("\u{1f600}\u{00e9}\u{00f1}", STRING_SIZE).b.force_encoding("UTF-8")
+
+  unknown_but_valid_utf8_worst_case = worst_case_utf8.dup.b.force_encoding("UTF-8")
+  unknown_but_invalid_utf8_worst_case = (worst_case_utf8.b + "\x80\xFF".b).force_encoding("UTF-8")
+
+benchmark:
+  scrub_known_valid: |
+    string = valid_utf8.dup
+    string.scrub!
+
+  scrub_known_invalid: |
+    string = invalid_utf8.dup
+    string.scrub!
+
+  scrub_unknown_but_valid_coderange: |
+    string = unknown_but_valid_utf8.dup
+    string.scrub!
+
+  scrub_unknown_and_invalid_coderange: |
+    string = unknown_but_invalid_utf8.dup
+    string.scrub!
+
+  scrub_unknown_but_valid_coderange_worst_case: |
+    string = unknown_but_valid_utf8_worst_case.dup
+    string.scrub!
+
+  scrub_unknown_and_invalid_coderange_worst_case: |
+    string = unknown_but_invalid_utf8_worst_case.dup
+    string.scrub!
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmark/struct_accessor.yml b/benchmark/struct_accessor.yml
index 61176cfdd4..d95240e2dd 100644
--- a/benchmark/struct_accessor.yml
+++ b/benchmark/struct_accessor.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 prelude: |
   C = Struct.new(:x) do
+    def initialize(...)
+      super
+      @ivar = 42
+    end
+
+    attr_accessor :ivar
+
     class_eval <<-END
       def r
         #{'x;'*256}
@@ -15,11 +22,16 @@ prelude: |
         m = method(:x=)
         #{'m.call(nil);'*256}
       end
+      def r_ivar
+        #{'ivar;'*256}
+      end
     END
   end
+  C.new(nil) # ensure common shape is known
   obj = C.new(nil)
 benchmark:
   member_reader: "obj.r"
   member_writer: "obj.w"
   member_reader_method: "obj.rm"
   member_writer_method: "obj.wm"
+  ivar_reader: "obj.r_ivar"
diff --git a/benchmark/time_now.yml b/benchmark/time_now.yml
index f6d6a31489..9336877cd4 100644
--- a/benchmark/time_now.yml
+++ b/benchmark/time_now.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 benchmark:
   - 'Time.now'
   - 'Time.now(in: "+09:00")'
+  - 'Time.now.year'
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_get.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_get.yml
index 9174af6965..1e0dad665f 100644
--- a/benchmark/vm_ivar_get.yml
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_get.yml
@@ -1,17 +1,75 @@
 prelude: |
   class Example
     def initialize
+      @levar = 1
       @v0 = 1
       @v1 = 2
       @v3 = 3
+    end
+
+    def get_value_loop
+      sum = 0
+
+      i = 0
+      while i < 100_000
+        # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        i += 1
+      end
+
+      return sum
+    end
+
+    @levar = 1
+    @v0 = 1
+    @v1 = 2
+    @v3 = 3
+
+    def self.get_value_loop
+      sum = 0
+
+      i = 0
+      while i < 100_000
+        # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        sum += @levar
+        i += 1
+      end
+
+      return sum
+    end
+  end
+
+  class GenExample < Time
+    def initialize
       @levar = 1
+      @v0 = 1
+      @v1 = 2
+      @v3 = 3
     end
 
     def get_value_loop
       sum = 0
 
       i = 0
-      while i < 1000000
+      while i < 100_000
         # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
         sum += @levar
         sum += @levar
@@ -31,7 +89,12 @@ prelude: |
   end
 
   obj = Example.new
+  gen = GenExample.new
 benchmark:
-  vm_ivar_get: |
+  vm_ivar_get_on_obj: |
     obj.get_value_loop
+  vm_ivar_get_on_class: |
+    Example.get_value_loop
+  vm_ivar_get_on_generic: |
+    gen.get_value_loop
 loop_count: 100
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_on_instance.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_on_instance.yml
index 91857b7742..6ce53a86ec 100644
--- a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_on_instance.yml
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_on_instance.yml
@@ -1,16 +1,44 @@
 prelude: |
   class TheClass
     def initialize
+      @levar = 1
       @v0 = 1
       @v1 = 2
       @v3 = 3
+    end
+
+    def set_value_loop
+      # 100k
+      i = 0
+      while i < 100_000
+        # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        i += 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Generic < Time
+    def initialize
       @levar = 1
+      @v0 = 1
+      @v1 = 2
+      @v3 = 3
     end
 
     def set_value_loop
-      # 1M
+      # 100k
       i = 0
-      while i < 1000000
+      while i < 100_000
         # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
         @levar = i
         @levar = i
@@ -28,8 +56,39 @@ prelude: |
   end
 
   obj = TheClass.new
+  gen_obj = Generic.new
+
+  class SomeClass
+    @levar = 1
+    @v0 = 1
+    @v1 = 2
+    @v3 = 3
+
+    def self.set_value_loop
+      # 100k
+      i = 0
+      while i < 100_000
+        # 10 times to de-emphasize loop overhead
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        @levar = i
+        i += 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
 benchmark:
   vm_ivar_set_on_instance: |
     obj.set_value_loop
+  vm_ivar_set_on_generic: |
+    gen_obj.set_value_loop
+  vm_ivar_set_on_class: |
+    SomeClass.set_value_loop
 loop_count: 100
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
index 2aa3d94dbd..80541332b1 100644
--- a/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
+++ b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@ prelude: |
 benchmark:
   vm_regexp: |
     /hoge/ =~ str
+  vm_regexp_alternating: |
+    /hoge/ =~ str
+    /huge/ =~ str
   vm_regexp_invert: |
     str =~ /hoge/
+  vm_regexp_invert_alternating: |
+    str =~ /hoge/
+    str =~ /huge/
 loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/bignum.c b/bignum.c
index fb4714307e..28924b4eb9 100644
--- a/bignum.c
+++ b/bignum.c
@@ -64,6 +64,21 @@ static const bool debug_integer_pack = (
 
 const char ruby_digitmap[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 
+/* Two-digit decimal lookup table.  Offset 2*n holds the ASCII pair for
+ * n in the range 0..99.  Used by both rb_fix2str in numeric.c and
+ * big2str_2bdigits below to emit two base-10 digits per iteration. */
+const char ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[201] =
+    "00010203040506070809"
+    "10111213141516171819"
+    "20212223242526272829"
+    "30313233343536373839"
+    "40414243444546474849"
+    "50515253545556575859"
+    "60616263646566676869"
+    "70717273747576777879"
+    "80818283848586878889"
+    "90919293949596979899";
+
 #ifndef SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL
 # if SIZEOF_INT*2 <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
 #  define SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
@@ -79,7 +94,6 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_bdigit_and_dbl, SIZEOF_BDIGIT*2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL);
 STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_signedness, 0 < (BDIGIT)-1);
 STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_dbl_signedness, 0 < (BDIGIT_DBL)-1);
 STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_dbl_signed_signedness, 0 > (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)-1);
-STATIC_ASSERT(rbignum_embed_len_max, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX <= (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT));
 
 #if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_LONG % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0);
@@ -2944,11 +2958,6 @@ bary_divmod(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, s
     }
 }
 
-
-#ifndef BIGNUM_DEBUG
-# define BIGNUM_DEBUG (0+RUBY_DEBUG)
-#endif
-
 static int
 bigzero_p(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -2965,7 +2974,7 @@ int
 rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
 {
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_cmperr(a, b);
+        rb_cmperr_reason(a, b, "comparator returned nil");
     }
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
         long l = FIX2LONG(val);
@@ -2990,36 +2999,68 @@ rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
             ((l) << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)) : \
      (void)(RBIGNUM(b)->as.heap.len = (l)))
 
+static size_t
+big_embed_capa(VALUE big)
+{
+    size_t size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(big) - offsetof(struct RBignum, as.ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(size % sizeof(BDIGIT) == 0);
+    size_t capa = size / sizeof(BDIGIT);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(capa <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
+    return capa;
+}
+
+static size_t
+big_embed_size(size_t capa)
+{
+    size_t size = offsetof(struct RBignum, as.ary) + (sizeof(BDIGIT) * capa);
+    if (size < sizeof(struct RBignum)) {
+        size = sizeof(struct RBignum);
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+static bool
+big_embeddable_p(size_t capa)
+{
+    if (capa > BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(big_embed_size(capa));
+}
+
 static void
 rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, size_t len)
 {
     BDIGIT *ds;
+    size_t embed_capa = big_embed_capa(big);
+
     if (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(big)) {
-        if (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX < len) {
+        if (embed_capa < len) {
             ds = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
-            MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
+            MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, embed_capa);
             RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = BIGNUM_LEN(big);
             RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ds;
             FL_UNSET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
         }
     }
     else {
-        if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        if (len <= embed_capa) {
             ds = RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits;
+            size_t old_len = RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len;
             FL_SET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
             BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
-            (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, sizeof(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary));
+            (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, embed_capa * sizeof(BDIGIT));
             if (ds) {
                 MEMCPY(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, ds, BDIGIT, len);
-                xfree(ds);
+                SIZED_FREE_N(ds, old_len);
             }
         }
         else {
             if (BIGNUM_LEN(big) == 0) {
                 RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
             }
-            else {
-                REALLOC_N(RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits, BDIGIT, len);
+            else if (BIGNUM_LEN(big) != len) {
+                SIZED_REALLOC_N(RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits, BDIGIT, len, BIGNUM_LEN(big));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3035,16 +3076,21 @@ rb_big_resize(VALUE big, size_t len)
 static VALUE
 bignew_1(VALUE klass, size_t len, int sign)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(big, struct RBignum, klass,
-            T_BIGNUM | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_BIGNUM ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0), sizeof(struct RBignum), 0);
-    VALUE bigv = (VALUE)big;
-    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(bigv, sign);
-    if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        FL_SET_RAW(bigv, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
+    VALUE bigv;
+
+    if (big_embeddable_p(len)) {
+        size_t size = big_embed_size(len);
+        RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size));
+        NEWOBJ_OF(big, struct RBignum, klass, T_BIGNUM | BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG, size);
+        bigv = (VALUE)big;
+        BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(bigv, sign);
         BIGNUM_SET_LEN(bigv, len);
-        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)big->as.ary, sizeof(big->as.ary));
+        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)big->as.ary, len * sizeof(BDIGIT));
     }
     else {
+        NEWOBJ_OF(big, struct RBignum, klass, T_BIGNUM, sizeof(struct RBignum));
+        bigv = (VALUE)big;
+        BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(bigv, sign);
         big->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
         big->as.heap.len = len;
     }
@@ -3055,7 +3101,9 @@ bignew_1(VALUE klass, size_t len, int sign)
 VALUE
 rb_big_new(size_t len, int sign)
 {
-    return bignew(len, sign != 0);
+    VALUE obj = bignew(len, sign != 0);
+    memset(BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj), 0, len * sizeof(BDIGIT));
+    return obj;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -4475,7 +4523,7 @@ rb_str2big_gmp(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
 
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n)
 {
     long i;
@@ -4497,7 +4545,7 @@ rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n)
     return big;
 }
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n)
 {
     long neg = 0;
@@ -4535,7 +4583,7 @@ rb_ll2inum(LONG_LONG n)
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_INT128_T
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_uint128t2big(uint128_t n)
 {
     long i;
@@ -4778,11 +4826,34 @@ big2str_2bdigits(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t tail
             return;
         p = buf;
         j = sizeof(buf);
-        do {
-            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
-            num /= b2s->base;
-            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
-        } while (num);
+        if (b2s->base == 10) {
+            /* Emit two decimal digits per iteration from ruby_decimal_digit_pairs.
+             * See the comment on the table in bignum.c near ruby_digitmap. */
+            while (num >= 100) {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = (num % 100) * 2;
+                num /= 100;
+                j -= 2;
+                p[j]     = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+                p[j + 1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+            }
+            if (num >= 10) {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = num * 2;
+                j -= 2;
+                p[j]     = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+                p[j + 1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+            }
+            else {
+                /* num is 1..9 here (0 was handled above) */
+                p[--j] = (char)('0' + num);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            do {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
+                num /= b2s->base;
+                p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
+            } while (num);
+        }
         len = sizeof(buf) - j;
         big2str_alloc(b2s, len + taillen);
         MEMCPY(b2s->ptr, buf + j, char, len);
@@ -4790,11 +4861,39 @@ big2str_2bdigits(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t tail
     else {
         p = b2s->ptr;
         j = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
-        do {
-            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
-            num /= b2s->base;
-            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
-        } while (j);
+        if (b2s->base == 10) {
+            /* Non-beginning chunks must emit EXACTLY hbase2_numdigits,
+             * zero-padded on the left.  Consume num in 2-digit groups,
+             * handle the odd trailing digit, then memset remaining
+             * positions with '0'. */
+            while (num >= 100) {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = (num % 100) * 2;
+                num /= 100;
+                j -= 2;
+                p[j]     = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+                p[j + 1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+            }
+            if (num >= 10) {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = num * 2;
+                j -= 2;
+                p[j]     = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+                p[j + 1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+            }
+            else if (num > 0) {
+                p[--j] = (char)('0' + num);
+            }
+            if (j > 0) {
+                memset(p, '0', j);
+                j = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            do {
+                BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
+                num /= b2s->base;
+                p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
+            } while (j);
+        }
         len = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
     }
     b2s->ptr += len;
@@ -6346,7 +6445,7 @@ bigand_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
     BDIGIT hibitsy;
 
     if (y == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (xn == 0) return hibitsx ? LONG2NUM(y) : 0;
+    if (xn == 0) return hibitsx ? LONG2NUM(y) : INT2FIX(0);
     hibitsy = 0 <= y ? 0 : BDIGMAX;
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
 #if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
@@ -6758,6 +6857,73 @@ rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 }
 
 VALUE
+rb_big_aref2(VALUE x, VALUE beg, VALUE len)
+{
+    BDIGIT *xds, *vds;
+    VALUE v;
+    size_t copy_begin, xn, shift;
+    ssize_t begin, length, end;
+    bool negative_add_one;
+
+    beg = rb_to_int(beg);
+    len = rb_to_int(len);
+    length = NUM2SSIZET(len);
+    begin = NUM2SSIZET(beg);
+    end = NUM2SSIZET(rb_int_plus(beg, len));
+    shift = begin < 0 ? -begin : 0;
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    xds = BDIGITS(x);
+
+    if (length < 0) return rb_big_rshift(x, beg);
+    if (length == 0 || end <= 0) return INT2FIX(0);
+    if (begin < 0) begin = 0;
+
+    if ((size_t)(end - 1) / BITSPERDIG >= xn) {
+        /* end > xn * BITSPERDIG */
+        end = xn * BITSPERDIG;
+    }
+
+    if ((size_t)begin / BITSPERDIG < xn) {
+        /* begin < xn * BITSPERDIG */
+        size_t shift_bits, copy_end;
+        copy_begin = begin / BITSPERDIG;
+        shift_bits = begin % BITSPERDIG;
+        copy_end = (end - 1) / BITSPERDIG + 1;
+        v = bignew(copy_end - copy_begin, 1);
+        vds = BDIGITS(v);
+        MEMCPY(vds, xds + copy_begin, BDIGIT, copy_end - copy_begin);
+        negative_add_one = (vds[0] & ((1 << shift_bits) - 1)) == 0;
+        v = bignorm(v);
+        if (shift_bits) v = rb_int_rshift(v, SIZET2NUM(shift_bits));
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Out of range */
+        v = INT2FIX(0);
+        negative_add_one = false;
+        copy_begin = begin = end = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+        size_t mask_size = length - shift;
+        VALUE mask = rb_int_minus(rb_int_lshift(INT2FIX(1), SIZET2NUM(mask_size)), INT2FIX(1));
+        v = rb_int_xor(v, mask);
+        for (size_t i = 0; negative_add_one && i < copy_begin; i++) {
+            if (xds[i]) negative_add_one = false;
+        }
+        if (negative_add_one) v = rb_int_plus(v, INT2FIX(1));
+        v = rb_int_and(v, mask);
+    }
+    else {
+        size_t mask_size = (size_t)end - begin;
+        VALUE mask = rb_int_minus(rb_int_lshift(INT2FIX(1), SIZET2NUM(mask_size)), INT2FIX(1));
+        v = rb_int_and(v, mask);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    if (shift) v = rb_int_lshift(v, SSIZET2NUM(shift));
+    return v;
+}
+
+VALUE
 rb_big_hash(VALUE x)
 {
     st_index_t hash;
@@ -6963,7 +7129,7 @@ int_pow_tmp3(VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE m, int nega_flg)
     zn = mn;
     z = bignew(zn, 1);
     bary_powm_gmp(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, BDIGITS(m), mn);
-    if (nega_flg & BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(z)) {
+    if (nega_flg && BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(z) && !BIGZEROP(z)) {
         z = rb_big_minus(z, m);
     }
     RB_GC_GUARD(x);
@@ -6991,7 +7157,7 @@ int_pow_tmp3(VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE m, int nega_flg)
         x = rb_int_modulo(x, m);
     }
 
-    if (nega_flg && rb_int_positive_p(tmp)) {
+    if (nega_flg && rb_int_positive_p(tmp) && !rb_int_zero_p(tmp)) {
         tmp = rb_int_minus(tmp, m);
     }
     return tmp;
@@ -7103,6 +7269,11 @@ rb_int_powm(int const argc, VALUE * const argv, VALUE const num)
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Integer#pow() 2nd argument not allowed unless all arguments are integers");
         }
 
+        if (rb_int_zero_p(a) && !rb_int_zero_p(b)) {
+            /* shortcut; 0**x => 0 except for x == 0 */
+            return INT2FIX(0);
+        }
+
         if (rb_int_negative_p(m)) {
             m = rb_int_uminus(m);
             nega_flg = 1;
diff --git a/bootstraptest/runner.rb b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
index 16bfdd9ea2..04de0c93b9 100755
--- a/bootstraptest/runner.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ rescue LoadError
   $:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../lib')
   retry
 end
+require_relative '../tool/lib/test/jobserver'
 
 if !Dir.respond_to?(:mktmpdir)
   # copied from lib/tmpdir.rb
@@ -110,35 +111,7 @@ BT = Class.new(bt) do
 
   def wn=(wn)
     unless wn == 1
-      if /(?:\A|\s)--jobserver-(?:auth|fds)=(?:(\d+),(\d+)|fifo:((?:\\.|\S)+))/ =~ ENV.delete("MAKEFLAGS")
-        begin
-          if fifo = $3
-            fifo.gsub!(/\\(?=.)/, '')
-            r = File.open(fifo, IO::RDONLY|IO::NONBLOCK|IO::BINARY)
-            w = File.open(fifo, IO::WRONLY|IO::NONBLOCK|IO::BINARY)
-          else
-            r = IO.for_fd($1.to_i(10), "rb", autoclose: false)
-            w = IO.for_fd($2.to_i(10), "wb", autoclose: false)
-          end
-        rescue
-          r.close if r
-        else
-          r.close_on_exec = true
-          w.close_on_exec = true
-          tokens = r.read_nonblock(wn > 0 ? wn : 1024, exception: false)
-          r.close
-          if String === tokens
-            tokens.freeze
-            auth = w
-            w = nil
-            at_exit {auth << tokens; auth.close}
-            wn = tokens.size + 1
-          else
-            w.close
-            wn = 1
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      wn = Test::JobServer.max_jobs(wn > 0 ? wn : 1024, ENV.delete("MAKEFLAGS")) || wn
       if wn <= 0
         require 'etc'
         wn = [Etc.nprocessors / 2, 1].max
@@ -298,7 +271,7 @@ End
     if defined?(RUBY_DESCRIPTION)
       puts "Driver is #{RUBY_DESCRIPTION}"
     elsif defined?(RUBY_PATCHLEVEL)
-      puts "Driver is ruby #{RUBY_VERSION} (#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}#{RUBY_PLATFORM}) [#{RUBY_PLATFORM}]"
+      puts "Driver is ruby #{RUBY_VERSION} (#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}) [#{RUBY_PLATFORM}]"
     else
       puts "Driver is ruby #{RUBY_VERSION} (#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}) [#{RUBY_PLATFORM}]"
     end
@@ -625,6 +598,8 @@ class Assertion < Struct.new(:src, :path, :lineno, :proc)
     end
   end
 
+  class Timeout < StandardError; end
+
   def get_result_string(opt = '', timeout: BT.timeout, **argh)
     if BT.ruby
       timeout = BT.apply_timeout_scale(timeout)
@@ -634,7 +609,11 @@ class Assertion < Struct.new(:src, :path, :lineno, :proc)
         out = IO.popen("#{BT.ruby} -W0 #{opt} #{filename}", **kw)
         pid = out.pid
         th = Thread.new {out.read.tap {Process.waitpid(pid); out.close}}
-        th.value if th.join(timeout)
+        if th.join(timeout)
+          th.value
+        else
+          Timeout.new("timed out after #{timeout} seconds")
+        end
       ensure
         raise Interrupt if $? and $?.signaled? && $?.termsig == Signal.list["INT"]
 
@@ -891,4 +870,8 @@ def yjit_enabled?
   ENV.key?('RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE') || ENV.fetch('RUN_OPTS', '').include?('yjit') || BT.ruby.include?('yjit')
 end
 
+def zjit_enabled?
+  ENV.key?('RUBY_ZJIT_ENABLE') || ENV.fetch('RUN_OPTS', '').include?('zjit') || BT.ruby.include?('zjit')
+end
+
 exit main
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
index 2614dd13bf..ae809a5936 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
@@ -37,3 +37,8 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   Fiber.new(&Object.method(:class_eval)).resume("foo")
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
+
+# [Bug #21400]
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  Thread.new { Fiber.current.kill }.join
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
index 15528a4213..7a95def1e6 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ assert_equal %q{[1, 4, 7, 5, 8, 9]}, %q{$a = []; begin; ; $a << 1
     ; $a << 3
   end; $a << 4
   def m2; $a << 5
-    m1(:a, :b, (return 1; :c)); $a << 6
+    m1(:a, :b, (return 1 if true; :c)); $a << 6
   end; $a << 7
   m2; $a << 8
 ; $a << 9
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ assert_equal %q{[1, 3, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13]}, %q{$a = []; begin; ; $a << 1
     m2(begin; $a << 5
          2; $a << 6
        ensure; $a << 7
-         return 3; $a << 8
+         return 3 if true; $a << 8
        end); $a << 9
     4; $a << 10
   end; $a << 11
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
index a54316dbca..860ef285d0 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
@@ -85,13 +85,18 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   10.times do
     pid = fork{ exit!(0) }
     deadline = now + 10
-    until Process.waitpid(pid, Process::WNOHANG)
+    while true
+      _, status = Process.waitpid2(pid, Process::WNOHANG)
+      break if status
       if now > deadline
         Process.kill(:KILL, pid)
         raise "failed"
       end
       sleep 0.001
     end
+    unless status.success?
+      raise "child exited with status #{status}"
+    end
   rescue NotImplementedError
   end
   :ok
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
index 8a6efae089..1f70c8075c 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ tests = [
   [ 'putobject',            %q{ /(?<x>x)/ =~ "x"; x == "x" }, ],
 
   [ 'putspecialobject',         %q{ {//=>true}[//] }, ],
-  [ 'putstring',                %q{ "true" }, ],
+  [ 'dupstring',                %q{ "true" }, ],
   [ 'tostring / concatstrings', %q{ "#{true}" }, ],
   [ 'toregexp',                 %q{ /#{true}/ =~ "true" && $~ }, ],
   [ 'intern',                   %q{ :"#{true}" }, ],
@@ -426,11 +426,6 @@ tests = [
     x&.x[true] ||= true         # here
   },
 
-  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ { 'true' => true }['true'] }, ],
-  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ Struct.new(:nil).new['nil'].nil? }, ],
-  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ {}['true'] = true }, ],
-  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ Struct.new(:true).new['true'] = true }, ],
-
   [ 'opt_length',  %q{   'true'       .length == 4 }, ],
   [ 'opt_length',  %q{   :true        .length == 4 }, ],
   [ 'opt_length',  %q{ [ 'true' ]     .length == 1 }, ],
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
index 4e5d6d59c9..4081769a8c 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
   ARGF.set_encoding "foo"
 }
 
-/freebsd/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM or
+/(freebsd|mswin)/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM or
 10.times do
   assert_normal_exit %q{
     at_exit { p :foo }
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
index 7295f7a148..39e6527027 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ assert_equal '1',               'a = [obj = Object.new]; a.size'
 assert_equal 'true',            'a = [obj = Object.new]; a[0] == obj'
 assert_equal '5',               'a = [1,2,3]; a[1] = 5; a[1]'
 assert_equal 'bar',             '[*:foo];:bar'
-assert_equal '[1, 2]',          'def nil.to_a; [2]; end; [1, *nil]'
-assert_equal '[1, 2]',          'def nil.to_a; [1, 2]; end; [*nil]'
+assert_equal '[]',              'def nil.to_a; [1, 2]; end; [*nil]'
+assert_equal '[1]',             'def nil.to_a; [2]; end; [1, *nil]'
 assert_equal '[0, 1, {2 => 3}]', '[0, *[1], 2=>3]', "[ruby-dev:31592]"
 
 
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
index f6f04541d6..e894f6f601 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
@@ -1395,3 +1395,48 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   no_args
   splat_args
 }
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  class A
+    private
+    def foo = "ng"
+  end
+
+  class B
+    def initialize(o)
+      @o = o
+    end
+
+    def foo(...) = @o.foo(...)
+    def internal_foo = foo
+  end
+
+  b = B.new(A.new)
+
+  begin
+    b.internal_foo
+  rescue NoMethodError
+    "ok"
+  end
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~RUBY
+  def test(*, kw: false)
+    "ok"
+  end
+
+  test
+RUBY
+
+assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', %q{
+  def target(*args) = args
+  def x = [1]
+  def forwarder(...) = target(*x, 2, ...)
+  forwarder(3).inspect
+}, '[Bug #21832] post-splat args before forwarding'
+
+assert_equal '[nil, nil]', %q{
+  def self_reading(a = a, kw:) = a
+  def through_binding(a = binding.local_variable_get(:a), kw:) = a
+  [self_reading(kw: 1), through_binding(kw: 1)]
+}, 'nil initialization of optional parameters'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
index 55dae42111..4fe90703fc 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ assert_equal "#<Ractor:#1 running>", %q{
 # Return id, loc, and status for no-name ractor
 assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
   r = Ractor.new { '' }
-  r.take
+  r.join
   sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
   r.inspect
 }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
 # Return id, name, loc, and status for named ractor
 assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) Test Ractor .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
   r = Ractor.new(name: 'Test Ractor') { '' }
-  r.take
+  r.join
   sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
   r.inspect
 }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
     'ok'
   end
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # Passed arguments to Ractor.new will be a block parameter
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
     msg
   end
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # Pass multiple arguments to Ractor.new
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r =  Ractor.new 'ping', 'pong' do |msg, msg2|
     [msg, msg2]
   end
-  'ok' if r.take == ['ping', 'pong']
+  'ok' if r.value == ['ping', 'pong']
 }
 
 # Ractor#send passes an object with copy to a Ractor
@@ -115,100 +115,137 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
     msg = Ractor.receive
   end
   r.send 'ok'
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # Ractor#receive_if can filter the message
-assert_equal '[2, 3, 1]', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
-    main << 1
-    main << 2
-    main << 3
+assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', %q{
+  ports = 3.times.map{Ractor::Port.new}
+
+  r = Ractor.new ports do |ports|
+    ports[0] << 3
+    ports[1] << 1
+    ports[2] << 2
   end
   a = []
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 3}
-  a << Ractor.receive
+  a << ports[1].receive # 1
+  a << ports[2].receive # 2
+  a << ports[0].receive # 3
+  a
+}
+
+# dtoa race condition
+assert_equal '[:ok, :ok, :ok]', %q{
+  n = 3
+  n.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      10_000.times{ rand.to_s }
+      :ok
+    }
+  }.map(&:value)
 }
 
-# Ractor#receive_if with break
-assert_equal '[2, [1, :break], 3]', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
-    main << 1
-    main << 2
-    main << 3
+assert_equal "42", %q{
+  a = 42
+  Ractor.shareable_lambda{ a }.call
+}
+
+# Ractor.shareable_proc issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]', %q{
+  v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 = :a, :b, :c, :d, :e
+  closure = Proc.new { [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5] }
+  Ractor.shareable_proc(&closure).call
+}
+
+# Ractor.shareable_proc makes a copy of given Proc
+assert_equal '[true, true]', %q{
+  pr1 = Proc.new do
+    self
   end
+  pr2 = Ractor.shareable_proc(&pr1)
 
-  a = []
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| break [msg, :break]}
-  a << Ractor.receive
+  [pr1.call == self, pr2.call == nil]
 }
 
-# Ractor#receive_if can't be called recursively
-assert_equal '[[:e1, 1], [:e2, 2]]', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
-    main << 1
-    main << 2
-    main << 3
+# Ractor.shareable_proc keeps the original Proc intact
+assert_equal '[SyntaxError, [Object, 43, 43], Binding]', %q{
+  a = 42
+  pr1 = Proc.new do
+    [self.class, eval("a"), binding.local_variable_get(:a)]
   end
+  a += 1
+  pr2 = Ractor.shareable_proc(&pr1)
 
-  a = []
+  r = []
+  begin
+    pr2.call
+  rescue SyntaxError
+    r << SyntaxError
+  end
 
-  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
-    begin
-      Ractor.receive
-    rescue Ractor::Error
-      a << [:e1, msg]
+  r << pr1.call << pr1.binding.class
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable mutates the original Proc
+# This is the current behavior, it's currently considered safe enough
+# because in most cases it would raise anyway due to not-shared self or not-shared captured variable value
+assert_equal '[[42, 42], Binding, true, SyntaxError, "Can\'t create Binding from isolated Proc"]', %q{
+  a = 42
+  pr1 = nil.instance_exec do
+    Proc.new do
+      [eval("a"), binding.local_variable_get(:a)]
     end
-    true # delete 1 from queue
   end
 
-  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
-    begin
-      Ractor.receive_if{}
-    rescue Ractor::Error
-      a << [:e2, msg]
-    end
-    true # delete 2 from queue
+  r = [pr1.call, pr1.binding.class]
+
+  pr2 = Ractor.make_shareable(pr1)
+  r << pr1.equal?(pr2)
+
+  begin
+    pr1.call
+  rescue SyntaxError
+    r << SyntaxError
   end
 
-  a #
-}
+  begin
+    r << pr1.binding
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    r << $!.message
+  end
 
-# dtoa race condition
-assert_equal '[:ok, :ok, :ok]', %q{
-  n = 3
-  n.times.map{
-    Ractor.new{
-      10_000.times{ rand.to_s }
-      :ok
-    }
-  }.map(&:take)
+  r
 }
 
-# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
-assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]', %q{
-  v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 = :a, :b, :c, :d, :e
-  closure = Ractor.current.instance_eval{ Proc.new { [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5] } }
+# Ractor::IsolationError cases
+assert_equal '3', %q{
+  ok = 0
 
-  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
-}
+  begin
+    a = 1
+    Ractor.shareable_proc{a}
+    a = 2
+  rescue Ractor::IsolationError => e
+    ok += 1
+  end
 
-# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
-assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f, :g]', %q{
-  a = :a
-  closure = Ractor.current.instance_eval do
-    -> {
-      b, c, d = :b, :c, :d
-      -> {
-        e, f, g = :e, :f, :g
-        -> { [a, b, c, d, e, f, g] }
-      }.call
-    }.call
+  begin
+    cond = false
+    b = 1
+    b = 2 if cond
+    Ractor.shareable_proc{b}
+  rescue Ractor::IsolationError => e
+    ok += 1
   end
 
-  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
+  begin
+    1.times{|i|
+      i = 2
+      Ractor.shareable_proc{i}
+    }
+  rescue Ractor::IsolationError => e
+    ok += 1
+  end
 }
 
 ###
@@ -218,27 +255,32 @@ if ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] == 'Compilations'
    # ignore the follow
 else
 
-# Ractor.select(*ractors) receives a values from a ractors.
-# It is similar to select(2) and Go's select syntax.
-# The return value is [ch, received_value]
+# Ractor.select with a Ractor argument
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   # select 1
   r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
-  r, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
-  'ok' if r == r1 and obj == 'r1'
+  port, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
+  if port == r1 and obj == 'r1'
+    'ok'
+  else
+    # failed
+    [port, obj].inspect
+  end
 }
 
 # Ractor.select from two ractors.
 assert_equal '["r1", "r2"]', %q{
   # select 2
-  r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
-  r2 = Ractor.new{'r2'}
-  rs = [r1, r2]
+  p1 = Ractor::Port.new
+  p2 = Ractor::Port.new
+  r1 = Ractor.new(p1){|p1| p1 << 'r1'}
+  r2 = Ractor.new(p2){|p2| p2 << 'r2'}
+  ps = [p1, p2]
   as = []
-  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
-  rs.delete(r)
+  port, obj = Ractor.select(*ps)
+  ps.delete(port)
   as << obj
-  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  port, obj = Ractor.select(*ps)
   as << obj
   as.sort #=> ["r1", "r2"]
 }
@@ -274,7 +316,7 @@ assert_equal 30.times.map { 'ok' }.to_s, %q{
 } unless (ENV.key?('TRAVIS') && ENV['TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH'] == 'arm64') # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17878
 
 # Exception for empty select
-assert_match /specify at least one ractor/, %q{
+assert_match /specify at least one Ractor::Port or Ractor/, %q{
   begin
     Ractor.select
   rescue ArgumentError => e
@@ -282,30 +324,12 @@ assert_match /specify at least one ractor/, %q{
   end
 }
 
-# Outgoing port of a ractor will be closed when the Ractor is terminated.
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    'finish'
-  end
-
-  r.take
-  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
-
-  begin
-    o = r.take
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ok'
-  else
-    "ng: #{o}"
-  end
-}
-
 # Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a terminated ractor
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
   end
 
-  r.take # closed
+  r.join # closed
   sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
 
   begin
@@ -317,47 +341,16 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
 }
 
-# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a closed actor
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
-  r.close_incoming
-
-  begin
-    r.send(1)
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ok'
-  else
-    'ng'
-  end
-}
-
-# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from closed actor
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    Ractor.yield 1
-    Ractor.receive
-  end
-
-  r.close_outgoing
-  begin
-    r.take
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ok'
-  else
-    'ng'
-  end
-}
-
-# Can mix with Thread#interrupt and Ractor#take [Bug #17366]
+# Can mix with Thread#interrupt and Ractor#join [Bug #17366]
 assert_equal 'err', %q{
-  Ractor.new{
+  Ractor.new do
     t = Thread.current
     begin
       Thread.new{ t.raise "err" }.join
     rescue => e
       e.message
     end
-  }.take
+  end.value
 }
 
 # Killed Ractor's thread yields nil
@@ -365,34 +358,18 @@ assert_equal 'nil', %q{
   Ractor.new{
     t = Thread.current
     Thread.new{ t.kill }.join
-  }.take.inspect #=> nil
+  }.value.inspect #=> nil
 }
 
-# Ractor.yield raises Ractor::ClosedError when outgoing port is closed.
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a ractor with closed default port
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+  r = Ractor.new {
+    Ractor.current.close
+    Ractor.main << :ok
     Ractor.receive
-    main << true
-    Ractor.yield 1
-  end
-
-  r.close_outgoing
-  r << true
-  Ractor.receive
-
-  begin
-    r.take
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ok'
-  else
-    'ng'
-  end
-}
+  }
 
-# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a ractor with closed incoming port
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
-  r.close_incoming
+  Ractor.receive # wait for ok
 
   begin
     r.send(1)
@@ -403,154 +380,82 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
 }
 
-# A ractor with closed incoming port still can send messages out
-assert_equal '[1, 2]', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    Ractor.yield 1
-    2
-  end
-  r.close_incoming
-
-  [r.take, r.take]
-}
-
-# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from a ractor with closed outgoing port
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    Ractor.yield 1
-    Ractor.receive
-  end
-
-  sleep 0.01 # wait for Ractor.yield in r
-  r.close_outgoing
-  begin
-    r.take
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ok'
-  else
-    'ng'
-  end
-}
-
-# A ractor with closed outgoing port still can receive messages from incoming port
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    Ractor.receive
-  end
-
-  r.close_outgoing
-  begin
-    r.send(1)
-  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-    'ng'
-  else
-    'ok'
-  end
-}
-
 # Ractor.main returns main ractor
 assert_equal 'true', %q{
   Ractor.new{
     Ractor.main
-  }.take == Ractor.current
+  }.value == Ractor.current
 }
 
 # a ractor with closed outgoing port should terminate
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   Ractor.new do
-    close_outgoing
+    Ractor.current.close
   end
 
   true until Ractor.count == 1
   :ok
 }
 
-# multiple Ractors can receive (wait) from one Ractor
-assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
-  pipe = Ractor.new do
-    loop do
-      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
-    end
+# an exception in a Ractor main thread will be re-raised at Ractor#receive
+assert_equal '[RuntimeError, "ok", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred receiver
   end
-
-  RN = 10
-  rs = RN.times.map{|i|
-    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
-      msg = pipe.take
-      msg # ping-pong
-    end
-  }
-  RN.times{|i|
-    pipe << i
-  }
-  RN.times.map{
-    r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
-    rs.delete r
-    n
-  }.sort
-} unless /mswin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM # randomly hangs on mswin https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions/runs/3753871445/jobs/6377551069#step:20:131
-
-# Ractor.select also support multiple take, receive and yield
-assert_equal '[true, true, true]', %q{
-  RN = 10
-  CR = Ractor.current
-
-  rs = (1..RN).map{
-    Ractor.new do
-      CR.send 'send' + CR.take #=> 'sendyield'
-      'take'
-    end
-  }
-  received = []
-  taken = []
-  yielded = []
-  until received.size == RN && taken.size == RN && yielded.size == RN
-    r, v = Ractor.select(CR, *rs, yield_value: 'yield')
-    case r
-    when :receive
-      received << v
-    when :yield
-      yielded << v
-    else
-      taken << v
-      rs.delete r
-    end
+  begin
+    r.join
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
+     e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
+     e.ractor == r]   #=> true
   end
-  r = [received == ['sendyield'] * RN,
-       yielded  == [nil] * RN,
-       taken    == ['take'] * RN,
-  ]
-
-  STDERR.puts [received, yielded, taken].inspect
-  r
 }
 
-# multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor
-assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
-  pipe = Ractor.new do
-    loop do
-      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
-    end
+# an exception in a Ractor will be re-raised at Ractor#value
+assert_equal '[RuntimeError, "ok", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred receiver
+  end
+  begin
+    r.value
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
+     e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
+     e.ractor == r]   #=> true
   end
+}
 
-  RN = 10
-  RN.times.map{|i|
-    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
-      pipe << i
+# an exception in a Ractor non-main thread will not be re-raised at Ractor#receive
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Thread.new do
+      raise 'ng'
     end
-  }
-  RN.times.map{
-    pipe.take
-  }.sort
+    sleep 0.1
+    'ok'
+  end
+  r.value
 }
 
-# an exception in a Ractor will be re-raised at Ractor#receive
-assert_equal '[RuntimeError, "ok", true]', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred receiver
+# SystemExit from a Ractor is re-raised
+# [Bug #21505]
+assert_equal '[SystemExit, "exit", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { exit }
+  begin
+    r.value
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
+     e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
+     e.ractor == r]   #=> true
   end
+}
+
+# SystemExit from a Thread inside a Ractor is re-raised
+# [Bug #21505]
+assert_equal '[SystemExit, "exit", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { Thread.new { exit }.join }
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.value
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
      e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
@@ -589,7 +494,7 @@ assert_equal '{ok: 3}', %q{
   end
 
   3.times.map{Ractor.receive}.tally
-} unless yjit_enabled? # `[BUG] Bus Error at 0x000000010b7002d0` in jit_exec()
+} unless yjit_enabled? # YJIT: `[BUG] Bus Error at 0x000000010b7002d0` in jit_exec()
 
 # unshareable object are copied
 assert_equal 'false', %q{
@@ -598,18 +503,18 @@ assert_equal 'false', %q{
     msg.object_id
   end
 
-  obj.object_id == r.take
+  obj.object_id == r.value
 }
 
 # To copy the object, now Marshal#dump is used
-assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
+assert_match /can't clone unshareable instance of Thread/, %q{
   obj = Thread.new{}
   begin
     r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
       msg
     end
-  rescue TypeError => e
-    e.message #=> no _dump_data is defined for class Thread
+  rescue Ractor::Error => e
+    e.message
   else
     'ng'
   end
@@ -617,10 +522,11 @@ assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
 
 # send shareable and unshareable objects
 assert_equal "ok", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
-  echo_ractor = Ractor.new do
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
+  echo_ractor = Ractor.new port do |port|
     loop do
       v = Ractor.receive
-      Ractor.yield v
+      port << v
     end
   end
 
@@ -668,13 +574,13 @@ assert_equal "ok", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
 
   shareable_objects.map{|o|
     echo_ractor << o
-    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    o2 = port.receive
     results << "#{o} is copied" unless o.object_id == o2.object_id
   }
 
   unshareable_objects.map{|o|
     echo_ractor << o
-    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    o2 = port.receive
     results << "#{o.inspect} is not copied" if o.object_id == o2.object_id
   }
 
@@ -700,7 +606,7 @@ assert_equal [false, true, false].inspect, <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: fal
   def check obj1
     obj2 = Ractor.new obj1 do |obj|
       obj
-    end.take
+    end.value
 
     obj1.object_id == obj2.object_id
   end
@@ -722,7 +628,7 @@ assert_equal 'hello world', <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
 
   str = 'hello'
   r.send str, move: true
-  modified = r.take
+  modified = r.value
 
   begin
     str << ' exception' # raise Ractor::MovedError
@@ -742,7 +648,7 @@ assert_equal '[0, 1]', %q{
 
   a1 = [0]
   r.send a1, move: true
-  a2 = r.take
+  a2 = r.value
   begin
     a1 << 2 # raise Ractor::MovedError
   rescue Ractor::MovedError
@@ -752,79 +658,37 @@ assert_equal '[0, 1]', %q{
 
 # unshareable frozen objects should still be frozen in new ractor after move
 assert_equal 'true', %q{
-r = Ractor.new do
-  obj = receive
-  { frozen: obj.frozen? }
-end
-obj = [Object.new].freeze
-r.send(obj, move: true)
-r.take[:frozen]
-}
-
-# move with yield
-assert_equal 'hello', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
-    obj = 'hello'
-    Ractor.yield obj, move: true
-    obj << 'world'
-  end
-
-  str = r.take
-  begin
-    r.take
-  rescue Ractor::RemoteError
-    str #=> "hello"
-  end
-}
-
-# yield/move should not make moved object when the yield is not succeeded
-assert_equal '"str"', %q{
-  R = Ractor.new{}
-  M = Ractor.current
   r = Ractor.new do
-    s = 'str'
-    selected_r, v = Ractor.select R, yield_value: s, move: true
-    raise if selected_r != R # taken from R
-    M.send s.inspect # s should not be a moved object
+    obj = receive
+    { frozen: obj.frozen? }
   end
-
-  Ractor.receive
+  obj = [Object.new].freeze
+  r.send(obj, move: true)
+  r.value[:frozen]
 }
 
-# yield/move can fail
-assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    obj = Thread.new{}
-    Ractor.yield obj
-  rescue => e
-    e.message
-  end
-  r.take
-}
-
-# Access to global-variables are prohibited
-assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited (read)
+assert_equal 'can not access global variable $gv from non-main Ractor', %q{
   $gv = 1
   r = Ractor.new do
     $gv
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
 }
 
-# Access to global-variables are prohibited
-assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited (write)
+assert_equal 'can not access global variable $gv from non-main Ractor', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
     $gv = 1
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -838,7 +702,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
     }
   end
 
-  [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].zip(r.take){|io, (oid, fno)|
+  [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].zip(r.value){|io, (oid, fno)|
     raise "should not be different object" if io.object_id == oid
     raise "fd should be same" unless io.fileno == fno
   }
@@ -854,7 +718,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
     'ok'
   end
 
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # $DEBUG, $VERBOSE are Ractor local
@@ -912,7 +776,7 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
 
   h = Ractor.new do
     ractor_local_globals
-  end.take
+  end.value
   ractor_local_globals == h #=> true
 }
 
@@ -921,7 +785,8 @@ assert_equal 'false', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
     self.object_id
   end
-  r.take == self.object_id #=> false
+  ret = r.value
+  ret == self.object_id
 }
 
 # self is a Ractor instance
@@ -929,11 +794,16 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
     self.object_id
   end
-  r.object_id == r.take #=> true
+  ret = r.value
+  if r.object_id == ret #=> true
+    true
+  else
+    raise [ret, r.object_id].inspect
+  end
 }
 
 # given block Proc will be isolated, so can not access outer variables.
-assert_equal 'ArgumentError', %q{
+assert_equal 'Ractor::IsolationError', %q{
   begin
     a = true
     r = Ractor.new do
@@ -944,8 +814,39 @@ assert_equal 'ArgumentError', %q{
   end
 }
 
+# eval with outer locals in a Ractor raises SyntaxError
+# [Bug #21522]
+assert_equal 'SyntaxError', %q{
+  outer = 42
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    eval("outer")
+  end
+  begin
+    r.value
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.class
+  end
+}
+
+# eval of an undefined name in a Ractor raises NameError
+assert_equal 'NameError', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    eval("totally_undefined_name")
+  end
+  begin
+    r.value
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.class
+  end
+}
+
+# eval of a local defined inside the Ractor works
+assert_equal '99', %q{
+  Ractor.new { inner = 99; eval("inner").to_s }.value
+}
+
 # ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
-assert_equal "can not get unshareable values from instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
+assert_equal "can not get unshareable values from instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors (@iv from C)", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
   class C
     @iv = 'str'
   end
@@ -957,7 +858,7 @@ assert_equal "can not get unshareable values from instance variables of classes/
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.value
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -973,7 +874,7 @@ assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-ma
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.value
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -999,7 +900,7 @@ assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-ma
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.value
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -1020,7 +921,7 @@ assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-ma
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.value
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -1034,7 +935,7 @@ assert_equal '11', %q{
 
     Ractor.new obj do |obj|
       obj.instance_variable_get('@a')
-    end.take.to_s
+    end.value.to_s
   }.join
 }
 
@@ -1060,25 +961,25 @@ assert_equal '333', %q{
     def self.fstr = @fstr
   end
 
-  a = Ractor.new{ C.int }.take
+  a = Ractor.new{ C.int }.value
   b = Ractor.new do
     C.str.to_i
   rescue Ractor::IsolationError
     10
-  end.take
+  end.value
   c = Ractor.new do
     C.fstr.to_i
-  end.take
+  end.value
 
-  d = Ractor.new{ M.int }.take
+  d = Ractor.new{ M.int }.value
   e = Ractor.new do
     M.str.to_i
   rescue Ractor::IsolationError
     20
-  end.take
+  end.value
   f = Ractor.new do
     M.fstr.to_i
-  end.take
+  end.value
 
 
   # 1 + 10 + 100 + 2 + 20 + 200
@@ -1096,32 +997,32 @@ assert_equal '["instance-variable", "instance-variable", nil]', %q{
 
   Ractor.new{
     [C.iv1, C.iv2, C.iv3]
-  }.take
+  }.value
 }
 
 # moved objects have their shape properly set to original object's shape
 assert_equal '1234', %q{
-class Obj
-  attr_accessor :a, :b, :c, :d
-  def initialize
-    @a = 1
-    @b = 2
-    @c = 3
+  class Obj
+    attr_accessor :a, :b, :c, :d
+    def initialize
+      @a = 1
+      @b = 2
+      @c = 3
+    end
   end
-end
-r = Ractor.new do
-  obj = receive
-  obj.d = 4
-  [obj.a, obj.b, obj.c, obj.d]
-end
-obj = Obj.new
-r.send(obj, move: true)
-values = r.take
-values.join
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = receive
+    obj.d = 4
+    [obj.a, obj.b, obj.c, obj.d]
+  end
+  obj = Obj.new
+  r.send(obj, move: true)
+  values = r.value
+  values.join
 }
 
-# cvar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
-assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
+# Reading non-shareable cvar from non-main Ractor is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not read non-shareable class variable @@cv from non-main Ractors (C)', %q{
   class C
     @@cv = 'str'
   end
@@ -1133,14 +1034,14 @@ assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
 }
 
-# also cached cvar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
-assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
+# also cached non-shareable cvar read from non-main Ractor is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not read non-shareable class variable @@cv from non-main Ractors (C)', %q{
   class C
     @@cv = 'str'
     def self.cv
@@ -1155,12 +1056,101 @@ assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
   end
 
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Reading shareable cvar from non-main Ractor is allowed
+assert_equal 'shareable', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 'shareable'.freeze
+    def self.cv
+      @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new { C.cv }.value
+}
+
+# Reading shareable cvar (integer) from non-main Ractor is allowed
+assert_equal '42', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 42
+    def self.cv
+      @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new { C.cv }.value.to_s
+}
+
+# Reading shareable cvar via module include from non-main Ractor is allowed
+assert_equal 'hello', %q{
+  module M
+    @@cv = 'hello'.freeze
+    def self.cv
+      @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  class C
+    include M
+    def self.cv
+      @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new { C.cv }.value
+}
+
+# Writing cvar from non-main Ractor is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not set class variables from non-main Ractors (@@cv from C)', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 'str'
+    def self.cv=(v)
+      @@cv = v
+    end
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    C.cv = 'new'
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
 }
 
+# Reading cvar that was made shareable after initial assignment
+assert_equal 'made shareable', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = +'made shareable'
+    Ractor.make_shareable(@@cv)
+    def self.cv
+      @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new { C.cv }.value
+}
+
+# cvar_defined? works from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 42
+    def self.cv?
+      defined?(@@cv)
+    end
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new { C.cv? ? 'true' : 'false' }
+  r.value
+}
+
 # Getting non-shareable objects via constants by other Ractors is not allowed
 assert_equal 'can not access non-shareable objects in constant C::CONST by non-main Ractor.', <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
   class C
@@ -1170,19 +1160,33 @@ assert_equal 'can not access non-shareable objects in constant C::CONST by non-m
     C::CONST
   end
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
   RUBY
 
-# Constant cache should care about non-sharable constants
+# Constant cache should care about non-shareable constants
 assert_equal "can not access non-shareable objects in constant Object::STR by non-main Ractor.", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
   STR = "hello"
   def str; STR; end
   s = str() # fill const cache
   begin
-    Ractor.new{ str() }.take
+    Ractor.new{ str() }.join
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+RUBY
+
+# The correct constant path shall be reported
+assert_equal "can not access non-shareable objects in constant Object::STR by non-main Ractor.", <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
+  STR = "hello"
+  module M
+    def self.str; STR; end
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{ M.str }.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -1196,7 +1200,7 @@ assert_equal 'can not set constants with non-shareable objects by non-main Racto
     C::CONST = 'str'
   end
   begin
-    r.take
+    r.join
   rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -1207,7 +1211,7 @@ assert_equal "defined with an un-shareable Proc in a different Ractor", %q{
   str = "foo"
   define_method(:buggy){|i| str << "#{i}"}
   begin
-    Ractor.new{buggy(10)}.take
+    Ractor.new{buggy(10)}.join
   rescue => e
     e.cause.message
   end
@@ -1218,7 +1222,7 @@ assert_equal '[1000, 3]', %q{
   A = Array.new(1000).freeze # [nil, ...]
   H = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.freeze
 
-  Ractor.new{ [A.size, H.size] }.take
+  Ractor.new{ [A.size, H.size] }.value
 }
 
 # Ractor.count
@@ -1228,15 +1232,15 @@ assert_equal '[1, 4, 3, 2, 1]', %q{
   ractors = (1..3).map { Ractor.new { Ractor.receive } }
   counts << Ractor.count
 
-  ractors[0].send('End 0').take
+  ractors[0].send('End 0').join
   sleep 0.1 until ractors[0].inspect =~ /terminated/
   counts << Ractor.count
 
-  ractors[1].send('End 1').take
+  ractors[1].send('End 1').join
   sleep 0.1 until ractors[1].inspect =~ /terminated/
   counts << Ractor.count
 
-  ractors[2].send('End 2').take
+  ractors[2].send('End 2').join
   sleep 0.1 until ractors[2].inspect =~ /terminated/
   counts << Ractor.count
 
@@ -1249,7 +1253,7 @@ assert_equal '0', %q{
     n = 0
     ObjectSpace.each_object{|o| n += 1 unless Ractor.shareable?(o)}
     n
-  }.take
+  }.value
 }
 
 # ObjectSpace._id2ref can not handle unshareable objects with Ractors
@@ -1262,7 +1266,25 @@ assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY', frozen_string_literal: false
     rescue => e
       :ok
     end
-  end.take
+  end.value
+RUBY
+
+# Inserting into the id2ref table should be Ractor-safe
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+  # Force all calls to Kernel#object_id to insert into the id2ref table
+  obj = Object.new
+  ObjectSpace._id2ref(obj.object_id) rescue nil
+
+  10.times.map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      10_000.times do
+        a = Object.new
+        a.object_id
+      end
+    end
+  end.map(&:value)
+
+  :ok
 RUBY
 
 # Ractor.make_shareable(obj)
@@ -1346,19 +1368,42 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
   [a.frozen?, a[0].frozen?] == [true, false]
 }
 
-# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
-assert_equal 'true', %q{
-  a = [1, [2, 3], {a: "4"}]
+# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) requires a shareable receiver
+assert_equal '[:ok, "Proc\'s self is not shareable:"]', %q{
+  pr1 = nil.instance_exec { Proc.new{} }
+  pr2 = Proc.new{}
 
-  pr = Ractor.current.instance_eval do
-    Proc.new do
-      a
+  [pr1, pr2].map do |pr|
+    begin
+      Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
+    rescue Ractor::Error => e
+      e.message[/^.+?:/]
+    else
+      :ok
     end
   end
+}
 
-  Ractor.make_shareable(a) # referred value should be shareable
-  Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
-  Ractor.shareable?(pr)
+# Ractor.make_shareable(Method/UnboundMethod)
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  # raise because receiver is unshareable
+  begin
+    _m0 = Ractor.make_shareable(self.method(:__id__))
+  rescue => e
+    raise e unless e.message =~ /can not make shareable object/
+  else
+    raise "no error"
+  end
+
+  # Method with shareable receiver
+  M1 = Ractor.make_shareable(Object.method(:__id__))
+
+  # UnboundMethod
+  M2 = Ractor.make_shareable(Object.instance_method(:__id__))
+
+  Ractor.new do
+    Object.__id__ == M1.call && M1.call == M2.bind_call(Object)
+  end.value
 }
 
 # Ractor.shareable?(recursive_objects)
@@ -1393,29 +1438,10 @@ assert_equal '[C, M]', %q{
 assert_equal '1', %q{
   class C
     a = 1
-    define_method "foo", Ractor.make_shareable(Proc.new{ a })
-    a = 2
-  end
-
-  Ractor.new{ C.new.foo }.take
-}
-
-# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
-assert_equal 'can not make a Proc shareable because it accesses outer variables (a).', %q{
-  a = b = nil
-  pr = Ractor.current.instance_eval do
-    Proc.new do
-      c = b # assign to a is okay because c is block local variable
-      # reading b is okay
-      a = b # assign to a is not allowed #=> Ractor::Error
-    end
+    define_method "foo", Ractor.shareable_proc{ a }
   end
 
-  begin
-    Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
-  rescue => e
-    e.message
-  end
+  Ractor.new{ C.new.foo }.value
 }
 
 # Ractor.make_shareable(obj, copy: true) makes copied shareable object.
@@ -1440,7 +1466,7 @@ assert_equal '[6, 10]', %q{
     Ractor.new{ # line 5
       a = 1
       b = 2
-    }.take
+    }.value
     c = 3       # line 9
   end
   rs
@@ -1450,7 +1476,7 @@ assert_equal '[6, 10]', %q{
 assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
   Ractor.new([[]].freeze) { |ary|
     [ary.frozen?, ary.first.frozen? ]
-  }.take
+  }.value
 }
 
 # Ractor deep copies frozen objects (str)
@@ -1458,7 +1484,7 @@ assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
   s = String.new.instance_eval { @x = []; freeze}
   Ractor.new(s) { |s|
     [s.frozen?, s.instance_variable_get(:@x).frozen?]
-  }.take
+  }.value
 }
 
 # Can not trap with not isolated Proc on non-main ractor
@@ -1466,15 +1492,15 @@ assert_equal '[:ok, :ok]', %q{
   a = []
   Ractor.new{
     trap(:INT){p :ok}
-  }.take
+  }.join
   a << :ok
 
   begin
     Ractor.new{
       s = 'str'
       trap(:INT){p s}
-    }.take
-  rescue => Ractor::RemoteError
+    }.join
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError
     a << :ok
   end
 }
@@ -1503,12 +1529,12 @@ assert_equal '[nil, "b", "a"]', %q{
   ans = []
   Ractor.current[:key] = 'a'
   r = Ractor.new{
-    Ractor.yield self[:key]
+    Ractor.main << self[:key]
     self[:key] = 'b'
     self[:key]
   }
-  ans << r.take
-  ans << r.take
+  ans << Ractor.receive
+  ans << r.value
   ans << Ractor.current[:key]
 }
 
@@ -1524,7 +1550,25 @@ assert_equal '1', %q{
       }
     }.each(&:join)
     a.uniq.size
-  }.take
+  }.value
+}
+
+# Ractor-local storage
+assert_equal '2', %q{
+  Ractor.new {
+    fails = 0
+    begin
+      Ractor.main[:key] # cannot get ractor local storage from non-main ractor
+    rescue => e
+      fails += 1 if e.message =~ /Cannot get ractor local/
+    end
+    begin
+      Ractor.main[:key] = 'val'
+    rescue => e
+      fails += 1 if e.message =~ /Cannot set ractor local/
+    end
+    fails
+  }.value
 }
 
 ###
@@ -1540,10 +1584,28 @@ assert_equal "#{N}#{N}", %Q{
     Ractor.new{
       N.times{|i| -(i.to_s)}
     }
-  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+  }.map{|r| r.value}.join
 }
 
-# Generic ivtbl
+assert_equal "ok", %Q{
+  N = #{N}
+  a, b = 2.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      N.times.map{|i| -(i.to_s)}
+    }
+  }.map{|r| r.value}
+  N.times do |i|
+    unless a[i].equal?(b[i])
+      raise [a[i], b[i]].inspect
+    end
+    unless a[i] == i.to_s
+      raise [i, a[i], b[i]].inspect
+    end
+  end
+  :ok
+}
+
+# Generic fields_tbl
 n = N/2
 assert_equal "#{n}#{n}", %Q{
   2.times.map{
@@ -1556,21 +1618,20 @@ assert_equal "#{n}#{n}", %Q{
         obj.instance_variable_defined?("@a")
       end
     end
-  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+  }.map{|r| r.value}.join
 }
 
-# NameError
-assert_equal "ok", %q{
+# Now NoMethodError is copyable
+assert_equal "NoMethodError", %q{
   obj = "".freeze # NameError refers the receiver indirectly
   begin
     obj.bar
   rescue => err
   end
-  begin
-    Ractor.new{} << err
-  rescue TypeError
-    'ok'
-  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new{ Ractor.receive }
+  r << err
+  r.value.class
 }
 
 assert_equal "ok", %q{
@@ -1588,54 +1649,27 @@ assert_equal "ok", %q{
 
 # Can yield back values while GC is sweeping [Bug #18117]
 assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
   workers = (0...8).map do
-    Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.new port do |port|
       loop do
         10_000.times.map { Object.new }
-        Ractor.yield Time.now
+        port << Time.now
+        Ractor.receive
       end
     end
   end
 
-  1_000.times { idle_worker, tmp_reporter = Ractor.select(*workers) }
+  100.times {
+    workers.each do
+      port.receive
+    end
+    workers.each do |w|
+      w.send(nil)
+    end
+  }
   "ok"
-} unless yjit_enabled? # flaky
-
-assert_equal "ok", %q{
-  def foo(*); ->{ super }; end
-  begin
-    Ractor.make_shareable(foo)
-  rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-    "ok"
-  end
-}
-
-assert_equal "ok", %q{
-  def foo(**); ->{ super }; end
-  begin
-    Ractor.make_shareable(foo)
-  rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-    "ok"
-  end
-}
-
-assert_equal "ok", %q{
-  def foo(...); ->{ super }; end
-  begin
-    Ractor.make_shareable(foo)
-  rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-    "ok"
-  end
-}
-
-assert_equal "ok", %q{
-  def foo((x), (y)); ->{ super }; end
-  begin
-    Ractor.make_shareable(foo([], []))
-  rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-    "ok"
-  end
-}
+} if !yjit_enabled? && ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] != 'ModGC' # flaky
 
 # check method cache invalidation
 assert_equal "ok", %q{
@@ -1700,14 +1734,41 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
   }
 
   n = CS.inject(1){|r, c| r * c.foo} * LN
-  rs.map{|r| r.take} == Array.new(RN){n}
+  rs.map{|r| r.value} == Array.new(RN){n}
+}
+
+# check method cache invalidation
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class Foo
+    def hello = nil
+  end
+
+  r1 = Ractor.new do
+    1000.times do
+      class Foo
+        def hello = nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  r2 = Ractor.new do
+    1000.times do
+      o = Foo.new
+      o.hello
+    end
+  end
+
+  r1.value
+  r2.value
+
+  true
 }
 
 # check experimental warning
-assert_match /\Atest_ractor\.rb:1:\s+warning:\s+Ractor is experimental/, %q{
+assert_match /\Atest_ractor\.rb:1:\s+warning:\s+Ractor API is experimental/, %q{
   Warning[:experimental] = $VERBOSE = true
   STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
-  eval("Ractor.new{}.take", nil, "test_ractor.rb", 1)
+  eval("Ractor.new{}.value", nil, "test_ractor.rb", 1)
 }, frozen_string_literal: false
 
 # check moved object
@@ -1725,7 +1786,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
 
   r.send obj, move: true
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 ## Ractor::Selector
@@ -1801,10 +1862,11 @@ assert_equal '600', %q{
 
   RN = 100
   s = Ractor::Selector.new
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
   rs = RN.times.map{
     Ractor.new{
-      Ractor.main << Ractor.new{ Ractor.yield :v3; :v4 }
-      Ractor.main << Ractor.new{ Ractor.yield :v5; :v6 }
+      Ractor.main << Ractor.new(port){|port| port << :v3; :v4 }
+      Ractor.main << Ractor.new(port){|port| port << :v5; :v6 }
       Ractor.yield :v1
       :v2
     }
@@ -1870,7 +1932,7 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
       # prism parser with -O0 build consumes a lot of machine stack
       Data.define(:fileno).new(1)
     end
-  }.take.fileno > 0
+  }.value.fileno > 0
 }
 
 # require_relative in Ractor
@@ -1888,7 +1950,7 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
   begin
     Ractor.new dummyfile do |f|
       require_relative File.basename(f)
-    end.take
+    end.value
   ensure
     File.unlink dummyfile
   end
@@ -1905,7 +1967,7 @@ assert_equal 'LoadError', %q{
     rescue LoadError => e
       e.class
     end
-  end.take
+  end.value
 }
 
 # autolaod in Ractor
@@ -1920,7 +1982,7 @@ assert_equal 'true', %q{
       Data.define(:fileno).new(1)
     end
   end
-  r.take.fileno > 0
+  r.value.fileno > 0
 }
 
 # failed in autolaod in Ractor
@@ -1935,5 +1997,670 @@ assert_equal 'LoadError', %q{
       e.class
     end
   end
-  r.take
+  r.value
+}
+
+# bind_call in Ractor [Bug #20934]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  2.times.map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      1000.times do
+        Object.instance_method(:itself).bind_call(self)
+      end
+    end
+  end.each(&:join)
+  GC.start
+  :ok.itself
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (String)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = "foobarbazfoobarbazfoobarbazfoobarbaz"
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (Array)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (Hash)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = { foo: 1, bar: 2 }
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (MatchData)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = "foo".match(/o/)
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (Struct)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f).new(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved objects being corrupted if embeded (Object)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  class SomeObject
+    attr_reader :a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f
+    def initialize
+      @a = @b = @c = @d = @e = @f = 1
+    end
+
+    def ==(o)
+      @a == o.a &&
+      @b == o.b &&
+      @c == o.c &&
+      @d == o.d &&
+      @e == o.e &&
+      @f == o.f
+    end
+  end
+
+  SomeObject.new # initial non-embeded
+
+  obj = SomeObject.new
+  ractor.send(obj.dup, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj == obj ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved arrays can't be used
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = [1]
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  begin
+    [].concat(obj)
+  rescue TypeError
+    :ok
+  else
+    :fail
+  end
+}
+
+# moved strings can't be used
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = "hello"
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  begin
+    "".replace(obj)
+  rescue TypeError
+    :ok
+  else
+    :fail
+  end
+}
+
+# moved hashes can't be used
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = { a: 1 }
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  begin
+    {}.merge(obj)
+  rescue TypeError
+    :ok
+  else
+    :fail
+  end
+}
+
+# move objects inside frozen containers
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  original = obj.dup
+  ractor.send([obj].freeze, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value[0]
+  roundtripped_obj == original ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# move object with generic ivar
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  obj.instance_variable_set(:@array, [1])
+
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj.instance_variable_get(:@array) == [1] ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# move object with many generic ivars
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  0.upto(300) do |i|
+    obj.instance_variable_set(:"@array#{i}", [i])
+  end
+
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj.instance_variable_get(:@array1) == [1] ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# move object with complex generic ivars
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # Make Array complex
+  30.times { |i| [].instance_variable_set(:"@complex#{i}", 1) }
+
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  obj.instance_variable_set(:@array1, [1])
+
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj.instance_variable_get(:@array1) == [1] ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# move object with generic ivars and existing id2ref table
+# [Bug #21664]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  obj = [1]
+  obj.instance_variable_set("@field", :ok)
+  ObjectSpace._id2ref(obj.object_id) # build id2ref table
+
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  ractor.send(obj, move: true)
+  obj = ractor.value
+  obj.instance_variable_get("@field")
+}
+
+# copy object with complex generic ivars
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # Make Array complex
+  30.times { |i| [].instance_variable_set(:"@complex#{i}", 1) }
+
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  obj.instance_variable_set(:@array1, [1])
+
+  ractor.send(obj)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj.instance_variable_get(:@array1) == [1] ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# copy object with many generic ivars
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  ractor = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  obj = Array.new(10, 42)
+  0.upto(300) do |i|
+    obj.instance_variable_set(:"@array#{i}", [i])
+  end
+
+  ractor.send(obj)
+  roundtripped_obj = ractor.value
+  roundtripped_obj.instance_variable_get(:@array1) == [1] ? :ok : roundtripped_obj
+}
+
+# moved composite types move their non-shareable parts properly
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  k, v = String.new("key"), String.new("value")
+  h = { k => v }
+  h.instance_variable_set("@b", String.new("b"))
+  a = [k,v]
+  o_singleton = Object.new
+  def o_singleton.a
+    @a
+  end
+  o_singleton.instance_variable_set("@a", String.new("a"))
+  class MyObject
+    attr_reader :a
+    def initialize(a)
+      @a = a
+    end
+  end
+  struct_class = Struct.new(:a)
+  struct = struct_class.new(String.new('a'))
+  o = MyObject.new(String.new('a'))
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
+
+  r = Ractor.new port do |port|
+    loop do
+      obj = Ractor.receive
+      val = case obj
+      when Hash
+        obj['key'] == 'value' && obj.instance_variable_get("@b") == 'b'
+      when Array
+        obj[0] == 'key'
+      when Struct
+        obj.a == 'a'
+      when Object
+        obj.a == 'a'
+      end
+      port << val
+    end
+  end
+
+  objs = [h, a, o_singleton, o, struct]
+  objs.each_with_index do |obj, i|
+    klass = obj.class
+    parts_moved = {}
+    case obj
+    when Hash
+      parts_moved[klass] = [obj['key'], obj.instance_variable_get("@b")]
+    when Array
+      parts_moved[klass] = obj.dup # the contents
+    when Struct, Object
+      parts_moved[klass] = [obj.a]
+    end
+    r.send(obj, move: true)
+    val = port.receive
+    if val != true
+      raise "bad val in ractor for obj at i:#{i}"
+    end
+    begin
+      p obj
+    rescue
+    else
+      raise "should be moved"
+    end
+    parts_moved.each do |klass, parts|
+      parts.each_with_index do |part, j|
+        case part
+        when Ractor::MovedObject
+        else
+          raise "part for class #{klass} at i:#{j} should be moved"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  'ok'
+}
+
+# fork after creating Ractor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+begin
+  Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  _, status = Process.waitpid2 fork { }
+  status.success? ? "ok" : status
+rescue NotImplementedError
+  :ok
+end
+}
+
+# Ractors should be terminated after fork
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+begin
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  _, status = Process.waitpid2 fork {
+    begin
+      raise if r.value != nil
+    end
+  }
+  r.send(123)
+  raise unless r.value == 123
+  status.success? ? "ok" : status
+rescue NotImplementedError
+  :ok
+end
+}
+
+# Ractors should be terminated after fork
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+begin
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  _, status = Process.waitpid2 fork {
+    begin
+      r.send(123)
+    rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    end
+  }
+  r.send(123)
+  raise unless r.value == 123
+  status.success? ? "ok" : status
+rescue NotImplementedError
+  :ok
+end
+}
+
+# Creating classes inside of Ractors
+# [Bug #18119]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
+  workers = (0...8).map do
+    Ractor.new port do |port|
+      loop do
+        100.times.map { Class.new }
+        port << nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  100.times { port.receive }
+
+  'ok'
+}
+
+# Using Symbol#to_proc inside ractors
+# [Bug #21354]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  :inspect.to_proc
+  Ractor.new do
+    # It should not use this cached proc, it should create a new one. If it used
+    # the cached proc, we would get a ractor_confirm_belonging error here.
+    :inspect.to_proc
+  end.join
+  'ok'
+}
+
+# take vm lock when deleting generic ivars from the global table
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  Ractor.new do
+    a = [1, 2, 3]
+    a.object_id
+    a.dup # this deletes generic ivar on dupped object
+    'ok'
+  end.value
+}
+
+## Ractor#monitor
+
+# monitor port returns `:exited` when the monitering Ractor terminated.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.main << :ok1
+    :ok2
+  end
+
+  r.monitor port = Ractor::Port.new
+  Ractor.receive # :ok1
+  port.receive == :exited
+}
+
+# monitor port returns `:exited` even if the monitoring Ractor was terminated.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  r.join # wait for r's terminateion
+
+  r.monitor port = Ractor::Port.new
+  port.receive == :exited
+}
+
+# monitor returns false if the monitoring Ractor was terminated.
+assert_equal 'false', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  r.join # wait for r's terminateion
+
+  r.monitor Ractor::Port.new
+}
+
+# monitor port returns `:aborted` when the monitering Ractor is aborted.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.main << :ok1
+    raise 'ok'
+  end
+
+  r.monitor port = Ractor::Port.new
+  Ractor.receive # :ok1
+  port.receive == :aborted
+}
+
+# monitor port returns `:aborted` even if the monitoring Ractor was aborted.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'ok'
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.join # wait for r's terminateion
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError
+    # ignore
+  end
+
+  r.monitor port = Ractor::Port.new
+  port.receive == :aborted
+}
+
+## Ractor#join
+
+# Ractor#join returns self when the Ractor is terminated.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  r << :ok
+  r.join
+  r.inspect in /terminated/
+} if false # TODO
+
+# Ractor#join raises RemoteError when the remote Ractor aborted with an exception
+assert_equal 'err', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'err'
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.join
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+## Ractor#value
+
+# Ractor#value returns the last expression even if it is unshareable
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = [1, 2]
+    obj << obj.object_id
+  end
+
+  ret = r.value
+  ret == [1, 2, ret.object_id]
+}
+
+# Only one Ractor can call Ractor#value
+assert_equal '[["Only the successor ractor can take a value", 9], ["ok", 2]]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    'ok'
+  end
+
+  RN = 10
+
+  rs = RN.times.map do
+    Ractor.new r do |r|
+      begin
+        Ractor.main << r.value
+        Ractor.main << r.value # this ractor can get same result
+      rescue Ractor::Error => e
+        Ractor.main << e.message
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  (RN+1).times.map{
+    Ractor.receive
+  }.tally.sort
+}
+
+# Cause lots of inline CC misses.
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+  class A; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class B; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class C; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class D; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class E; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class F; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+  class G; def test; 1 + 1; end; end
+
+  objs = [A.new, B.new, C.new, D.new, E.new, F.new, G.new].freeze
+
+  def call_test(obj)
+    obj.test
+  end
+
+  ractors = 7.times.map do
+    Ractor.new(objs) do |objs|
+      objs = objs.shuffle
+      100_000.times do
+        objs.each do |o|
+          call_test(o)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  ractors.each(&:join)
+  :ok
+RUBY
+
+# This test checks that we do not trigger a GC when we have malloc with Ractor
+# locks. We cannot trigger a GC with Ractor locks because GC requires VM lock
+# and Ractor barrier. If another Ractor is waiting on this Ractor lock, then it
+# will deadlock because the other Ractor will never join the barrier.
+#
+# Creating Ractor::Port requires locking the Ractor and inserting into an
+# st_table, which can call malloc.
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Ractor::Port.new
+    end
+  end
+
+  10.times do
+    10_000.times do
+      r.send(nil)
+    end
+    sleep(0.01)
+  end
+  :ok
+RUBY
+
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+  begin
+    100.times do |i|
+      Ractor.new(i) do |j|
+        1000.times do |i|
+          "#{j}-#{i}"
+        end
+        Ractor.receive
+      end
+      pid = fork { }
+      _, status = Process.waitpid2 pid
+      raise unless status.success?
+    end
+
+    :ok
+  rescue NotImplementedError
+    :ok
+  end
+RUBY
+
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+  begin
+    100.times do |i|
+      Ractor.new(i) do |j|
+        1000.times do |i|
+          "#{j}-#{i}"
+        end
+      end
+      pid = fork do
+        GC.verify_internal_consistency
+      end
+      _, status = Process.waitpid2 pid
+      raise unless status.success?
+    end
+
+    :ok
+  rescue NotImplementedError
+    :ok
+  end
+RUBY
+
+# When creating bmethods in Ractors, they should only be usable from their
+# defining ractor, even if it is GC'd
+assert_equal 'ok', <<~'RUBY'
+
+begin
+  CLASSES = 1000.times.map { Class.new }.freeze
+
+  # This would be better to run in parallel, but there's a bug with lambda
+  # creation and YJIT causing crashes in dev mode
+  ractors = CLASSES.map do |klass|
+    Ractor.new(klass) do |klass|
+      Ractor.receive
+      klass.define_method(:foo) {}
+    end
+  end
+
+  ractors.each do |ractor|
+    ractor << nil
+    ractor.join
+  end
+
+  ractors.clear
+  GC.start
+
+  any = 1000.times.map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      CLASSES.any? do |klass|
+        begin
+          klass.new.foo
+          true
+        rescue RuntimeError
+          false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end.map(&:value).none? && :ok
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  # ignore limited memory machine
+  if /can\'t create Thread/ =~ e.message
+    :ok
+  else
+    raise
+  end
+end
+RUBY
+
+# Concurrent super calls with keyword arguments must not race on the
+# callinfo kwarg reference count. [Bug #22075]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  class Base
+    def foo(a:, b:, c:) = a
+  end
+
+  class Sub < Base
+    def foo(a:, b:, c:) = super(a: a, b: b, c: c)
+  end
+
+  4.times.map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      obj = Sub.new
+      100_000.times { obj.foo(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3) }
+    end
+  end.each(&:join)
+
+  :ok
 }
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
index fbc9c6f62e..29bf93cb8f 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   1.times{
-    p(1, (next; 2))
+    p(1, (next if true; 2))
   }; :ok
 }
 assert_equal '3', %q{
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ assert_equal '3', %q{
   i = 0
   1 + (while true
          break 2 if (i+=1) > 1
-         p(1, (next; 2))
+         p(1, (next if true; 2))
        end)
 }
 # redo
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   1.times{
     break if i>1
     i+=1
-    p(1, (redo; 2))
+    p(1, (redo if true; 2))
   }; :ok
 }
 assert_equal '3', %q{
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ assert_equal '3', %q{
   i = 0
   1 + (while true
          break 2 if (i+=1) > 1
-         p(1, (redo; 2))
+         p(1, (redo if true; 2))
        end)
 }
 assert_equal '1', %q{
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb b/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
index 5a5e08f095..e9ce905e2c 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_yjit.rb
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ assert_equal 'Sub', %q{
   call(Sub.new('o')).class
 }
 
-# String#dup with FL_EXIVAR
+# String#dup with generic ivars
 assert_equal '["str", "ivar"]', %q{
   def str_dup(str) = str.dup
   str = "str"
@@ -468,91 +468,6 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
   end
 }
 
-assert_equal '0', %q{
-  # This is a regression test for incomplete invalidation from
-  # opt_setinlinecache. This test might be brittle, so
-  # feel free to remove it in the future if it's too annoying.
-  # This test assumes --yjit-call-threshold=2.
-  module M
-    Foo = 1
-    def foo
-      Foo
-    end
-
-    def pin_self_type_then_foo
-      _ = @foo
-      foo
-    end
-
-    def only_ints
-      1 + self
-      foo
-    end
-  end
-
-  class Integer
-    include M
-  end
-
-  class Sub
-    include M
-  end
-
-  foo_method = M.instance_method(:foo)
-
-  dbg = ->(message) do
-    return # comment this out to get printouts
-
-    $stderr.puts RubyVM::YJIT.disasm(foo_method)
-    $stderr.puts message
-  end
-
-  2.times { 42.only_ints }
-
-  dbg["There should be two versions of getinlineache"]
-
-  module M
-    remove_const(:Foo)
-  end
-
-  dbg["There should be no getinlinecaches"]
-
-  2.times do
-    42.only_ints
-  rescue NameError => err
-    _ = "caught name error #{err}"
-  end
-
-  dbg["There should be one version of getinlineache"]
-
-  2.times do
-    Sub.new.pin_self_type_then_foo
-  rescue NameError
-    _ = 'second specialization'
-  end
-
-  dbg["There should be two versions of getinlineache"]
-
-  module M
-    Foo = 1
-  end
-
-  dbg["There should still be two versions of getinlineache"]
-
-  42.only_ints
-
-  dbg["There should be no getinlinecaches"]
-
-  # Find name of the first VM instruction in M#foo.
-  insns = RubyVM::InstructionSequence.of(foo_method).to_a
-  if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT.blocks_for) && (insns.last.find { Array === _1 }&.first == :opt_getinlinecache)
-    RubyVM::YJIT.blocks_for(RubyVM::InstructionSequence.of(foo_method))
-      .filter { _1.iseq_start_index == 0 }.count
-  else
-    0 # skip the test
-  end
-}
-
 # Check that frozen objects are respected
 assert_equal 'great', %q{
   class Foo
@@ -1415,7 +1330,7 @@ assert_equal '[42, :default]', %q{
   ]
 }
 
-# Test default value block for Hash with opt_aref_with
+# Test default value block for Hash
 assert_equal "false", <<~RUBY, frozen_string_literal: false
   def index_with_string(h)
     h["foo"]
@@ -2568,6 +2483,32 @@ assert_equal '[0, 2]', %q{
   B.new.foo
 }
 
+# invokesuper in a weird block
+assert_equal '["block->A#itself", "block->singleton#itself"]', %q{
+  # This test runs the same block as first as a block and then as a method,
+  # testing the routine that finds the currently running method, which is
+  # relevant for `super`.
+  class BlockIseqDuality
+    prepend(Module.new do
+      def itself
+        nested = -> { "block->" + super() }
+        @singleton_itself.define_singleton_method(:itself, &nested)
+        nested
+      end
+    end)
+
+    attr_reader :singleton_itself
+    def initialize = (@singleton_itself = "singleton#itself")
+
+    def itself = "A#itself"
+  end
+
+  tester = BlockIseqDuality.new
+  super_lambda = tester.itself
+  super_lambda.call # warmup
+  [super_lambda.call, tester.singleton_itself.itself]
+}
+
 # invokesuper zsuper in a bmethod
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class Foo
@@ -2765,6 +2706,22 @@ assert_equal '[1, 2]', %q{
   expandarray_redefined_nilclass
 }
 
+assert_equal 'not_array', %q{
+  def expandarray_not_array(obj)
+    a, = obj
+    a
+  end
+
+  obj = Object.new
+  def obj.method_missing(m, *args, &block)
+    return [:not_array] if m == :to_ary
+    super
+  end
+
+  expandarray_not_array(obj)
+  expandarray_not_array(obj)
+}
+
 assert_equal '[1, 2, nil]', %q{
   def expandarray_rhs_too_small
     a, b, c = [1, 2]
@@ -3018,15 +2975,16 @@ assert_equal '[:itself]', %q{
     itself
   end
 
-  tracing_ractor = Ractor.new do
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
+  tracing_ractor = Ractor.new port do |port|
     # 1: start tracing
     events = []
     tp = TracePoint.new(:c_call) { events << _1.method_id }
     tp.enable
-    Ractor.yield(nil)
+    port << nil
 
     # 3: run compiled method on tracing ractor
-    Ractor.yield(nil)
+    port << nil
     traced_method
 
     events
@@ -3034,13 +2992,13 @@ assert_equal '[:itself]', %q{
     tp&.disable
   end
 
-  tracing_ractor.take
+  port.receive
 
   # 2: compile on non tracing ractor
   traced_method
 
-  tracing_ractor.take
-  tracing_ractor.take
+  port.receive
+  tracing_ractor.value
 }
 
 # Try to hit a lazy branch stub while another ractor enables tracing
@@ -3054,17 +3012,18 @@ assert_equal '42', %q{
     end
   end
 
-  ractor = Ractor.new do
+  port = Ractor::Port.new
+  ractor = Ractor.new port do |port|
     compiled(false)
-    Ractor.yield(nil)
+    port << nil
     compiled(41)
   end
 
   tp = TracePoint.new(:line) { itself }
-  ractor.take
+  port.receive
   tp.enable
 
-  ractor.take
+  ractor.value
 }
 
 # Test equality with changing types
@@ -3140,7 +3099,7 @@ assert_equal '42',  %q{
   A.foo
   A.foo
 
-  Ractor.new { A.foo }.take
+  Ractor.new { A.foo }.value
 }
 
 assert_equal '["plain", "special", "sub", "plain"]', %q{
@@ -3667,6 +3626,74 @@ assert_equal 'new', %q{
   test
 }
 
+# Bug #21257 (infinite jmp)
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  Good = :ok
+
+  def first
+    second
+  end
+
+  def second
+    ::Good
+  end
+
+  # Make `second` side exit on its first instruction
+  trace = TracePoint.new(:line) { }
+  trace.enable(target: method(:second))
+
+  first
+  # Recompile now that the constant cache is populated, so we get a fallthrough from `first` to `second`
+  # (this is need to reproduce with --yjit-call-threshold=1)
+  RubyVM::YJIT.code_gc if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
+  first
+
+  # Trigger a constant cache miss in rb_vm_opt_getconstant_path (in `second`) next time it's called
+  module InvalidateConstantCache
+    Good = nil
+  end
+
+  RubyVM::YJIT.simulate_oom! if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
+
+  first
+  first
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # Multiple incoming branches into second
+  Good = :ok
+
+  def incoming_one
+    second
+  end
+
+  def incoming_two
+    second
+  end
+
+  def second
+    ::Good
+  end
+
+  # Make `second` side exit on its first instruction
+  trace = TracePoint.new(:line) { }
+  trace.enable(target: method(:second))
+
+  incoming_one
+  # Recompile now that the constant cache is populated, so we get a fallthrough from `incoming_one` to `second`
+  # (this is need to reproduce with --yjit-call-threshold=1)
+  RubyVM::YJIT.code_gc if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
+  incoming_one
+  incoming_two
+
+  # Trigger a constant cache miss in rb_vm_opt_getconstant_path (in `second`) next time it's called
+  module InvalidateConstantCache
+    Good = nil
+  end
+
+  incoming_one
+}
+
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   # Try to compile new method while OOM
   def foo
@@ -3791,36 +3818,6 @@ assert_equal '3,12', %q{
   pt_inspect(p)
 }
 
-# Regression test for deadlock between branch_stub_hit and ractor_receive_if
-assert_equal '10', %q{
-  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
-    main << 1
-    main << 2
-    main << 3
-    main << 4
-    main << 5
-    main << 6
-    main << 7
-    main << 8
-    main << 9
-    main << 10
-  end
-
-  a = []
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 10}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 9}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 8}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 7}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 6}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 5}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 4}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 3}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
-  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 1}
-
-  a.length
-}
-
 # checktype
 assert_equal 'false', %q{
     def function()
@@ -4126,6 +4123,26 @@ assert_equal '1', %q{
   bar { }
 }
 
+# unshareable bmethod call through Method#to_proc#call
+assert_equal '1000', %q{
+  define_method(:bmethod) do
+    self
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new do
+    errors = 0
+    1000.times do
+      p = method(:bmethod).to_proc
+      begin
+        p.call
+      rescue RuntimeError
+        errors += 1
+      end
+    end
+    errors
+  end.value
+}
+
 # test for return stub lifetime issue
 assert_equal '1', %q{
   def foo(n)
@@ -4898,6 +4915,16 @@ assert_equal '[:ok, :ok, :ok, :ok, :ok]', %q{
   tests
 }
 
+# regression test for splat with &proc{} when the target has rest (Bug #21266)
+assert_equal '[]', %q{
+  def foo(args) = bar(*args, &proc { _1 })
+  def bar(_, _, _, _, *rest) = yield rest
+
+  GC.stress = true
+  foo([1,2,3,4])
+  foo([1,2,3,4])
+}
+
 # regression test for invalidating an empty block
 assert_equal '0', %q{
   def foo = (* = 1).pred
@@ -5387,3 +5414,144 @@ assert_equal 'nil', %{
 
   test_local_fill_in_forwardable.inspect
 }
+
+# Test defined?(yield) and block_given? in non-method context.
+# It's good that the body of this runs at true top level and isn't wrapped in a block.
+assert_equal 'false', %{
+  RESULT = []
+  RESULT << defined?(yield)
+  RESULT << block_given?
+
+  1.times do
+    RESULT << defined?(yield)
+    RESULT << block_given?
+  end
+
+  module ModuleContext
+    1.times do
+      RESULT << defined?(yield)
+      RESULT << block_given?
+    end
+  end
+
+  class << self
+    RESULT << defined?(yield)
+    RESULT << block_given?
+  end
+
+  RESULT.any?
+}
+
+# throw and String#dup with GC stress
+assert_equal 'foo', %{
+  GC.stress = true
+
+  def foo
+    1.times { return "foo".dup }
+  end
+
+  10.times.map { foo.dup }.last
+}
+
+# regression test for [Bug #21772]
+# local variable type tracking desync
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  def some_method = 0
+
+  def test_body(key)
+    some_method
+    key = key.to_s # setting of local relevant
+
+    key == "symbol"
+  end
+
+  def jit_caller = test_body("session_id")
+
+  jit_caller # first iteration, non-escaped environment
+  alias some_method binding # induce environment escape
+  test_body(:symbol)
+}
+
+# regression test for missing check in identity method inlining
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  # Use dead code (if false) to create a local
+  # without initialization instructions.
+  def foo(a)
+    if false
+      x = nil
+    end
+    x
+  end
+  def test = foo(1)
+  test
+  test
+}
+
+# regression test for tracing invalidation with on-stack compiled methods
+# Exercises the on_stack_iseqs path in rb_yjit_tracing_invalidate_all
+# where delayed deallocation must not create aliasing &mut references
+# to IseqPayload (use-after-free of version_map backing storage).
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  def deep = 42
+  def mid = deep
+  def outer = mid
+
+  # Compile all three methods with YJIT
+  10.times { outer }
+
+  # Enable tracing from within a call chain so that outer/mid/deep
+  # are on the stack when rb_yjit_tracing_invalidate_all runs.
+  # This triggers the on_stack_iseqs (delayed deallocation) path.
+  def deep
+    TracePoint.new(:line) {}.enable
+    42
+  end
+
+  outer
+
+  # After invalidation, verify YJIT can recompile and run correctly
+  def deep = 42
+  10.times { outer }
+}
+
+# regression test for tracing invalidation with on-stack fibers
+# Suspended fibers have iseqs on their stack that must survive invalidation.
+assert_equal '42', %q{
+  def compiled_method
+    Fiber.yield
+    42
+  end
+
+  # Compile the method
+  10.times { compiled_method rescue nil }
+
+  fiber = Fiber.new { compiled_method }
+  fiber.resume # suspends inside compiled_method — it's now on the fiber's stack
+
+  # Enable tracing while compiled_method is on the fiber's stack.
+  # This triggers rb_yjit_tracing_invalidate_all with on-stack iseqs.
+  TracePoint.new(:call) {}.enable
+
+  # Resume the fiber — compiled_method's iseq must still be valid
+  fiber.resume.to_s
+}
+
+# regression test for register mapping of methods with over 256 locals
+# [Bug #22074]
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  source = +"def many_locals\n"
+  source << "  total = 0\n"
+
+  128.times do |i|
+    source << "  y#{i} = 1\n"
+    source << "  x#{i} = Object.new\n"
+  end
+
+  source << "  total += 1\n"
+  source << "  raise total.inspect unless total == 1\n"
+  source << "end\n"
+
+  eval(source)
+  many_locals
+  "ok"
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_yjit_rust_port.rb b/bootstraptest/test_yjit_rust_port.rb
index e399e0e49e..2dbcebc03a 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_yjit_rust_port.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_yjit_rust_port.rb
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r = Ractor.new do
     'ok'
   end
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # Passed arguments to Ractor.new will be a block parameter
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
     msg
   end
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 # Pass multiple arguments to Ractor.new
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   r =  Ractor.new 'ping', 'pong' do |msg, msg2|
     [msg, msg2]
   end
-  'ok' if r.take == ['ping', 'pong']
+  'ok' if r.value == ['ping', 'pong']
 }
 
 # Ractor#send passes an object with copy to a Ractor
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
     msg = Ractor.receive
   end
   r.send 'ok'
-  r.take
+  r.value
 }
 
 assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', %q{
diff --git a/box.c b/box.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ca7838be9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/box.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1299 @@
+/* indent-tabs-mode: nil */
+
+#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/box.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/file.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/io.h"
+#include "internal/load.h"
+#include "internal/st.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/globals.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "darray.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SENDFILE_H
+# include <sys/sendfile.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_COPYFILE_H
+#include <copyfile.h>
+#endif
+
+VALUE rb_cBox = 0;
+VALUE rb_cBoxEntry = 0;
+VALUE rb_mBoxLoader = 0;
+
+static rb_box_t master_box[1]; /* Initialize in initialize_master_box() */
+static rb_box_t *root_box;
+static rb_box_t *main_box;
+
+static rb_box_gem_flags_t box_gem_flags[1];
+
+static char *tmp_dir;
+static bool tmp_dir_has_dirsep;
+
+#define BOX_TMP_PREFIX "_ruby_box_"
+
+#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
+# define MAXPATHLEN 1024
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+# define DIRSEP "\\"
+#else
+# define DIRSEP "/"
+#endif
+
+bool ruby_box_enabled = false; // extern
+bool ruby_box_init_done = false; // extern
+bool ruby_box_crashed = false; // extern, changed only in vm.c
+
+VALUE rb_resolve_feature_path(VALUE klass, VALUE fname);
+static VALUE rb_box_inspect(VALUE obj);
+static void cleanup_all_local_extensions(VALUE libmap);
+
+void
+rb_box_set_gem_flags(rb_box_gem_flags_t *flags)
+{
+
+    box_gem_flags->gem = flags->gem;
+    box_gem_flags->error_highlight = flags->error_highlight;
+    box_gem_flags->did_you_mean    = flags->did_you_mean;
+    box_gem_flags->syntax_suggest  = flags->syntax_suggest;
+}
+
+void
+rb_box_init_done(void)
+{
+    ruby_box_init_done = true;
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_master_box(void)
+{
+    return master_box;
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_root_box(void)
+{
+    if (!root_box) // The root box isn't initialized yet - The Ruby runtime is in setup.
+        return master_box;
+    return root_box;
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_main_box(void)
+{
+    return main_box;
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_current_box(void)
+{
+    /*
+     * If RUBY_BOX is not set, the master box is the only available one.
+     *
+     * While the root/main boxes are not initialized, the master box is
+     * the only valid box.
+     * This early return is to avoid accessing EC before its setup.
+     */
+    if (!root_box)
+        return master_box;
+    if (!main_box)
+        return root_box;
+
+    return rb_vm_current_box(GET_EC());
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_loading_box(void)
+{
+    if (!root_box)
+        return master_box;
+    if (!main_box)
+        return root_box;
+
+    return rb_vm_loading_box(GET_EC());
+}
+
+const rb_box_t *
+rb_current_box_in_crash_report(void)
+{
+    if (ruby_box_crashed)
+        return NULL;
+    return rb_current_box();
+}
+
+static long box_id_counter = 0;
+
+static long
+box_generate_id(void)
+{
+    long id;
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        id = ++box_id_counter;
+    }
+    return id;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+box_main_to_s(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_str_new2("main");
+}
+
+static void
+box_entry_initialize(rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *master = rb_master_box();
+
+    // These will be updated immediately
+    box->box_object = 0;
+    box->box_id = 0;
+
+    box->top_self = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(box->top_self, "to_s", box_main_to_s, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(box->top_self), "inspect", "to_s");
+    box->load_path = rb_ary_dup(master->load_path);
+    box->expanded_load_path = rb_ary_dup(master->expanded_load_path);
+    box->load_path_snapshot = rb_ary_new();
+    box->load_path_check_cache = 0;
+    box->loaded_features = rb_ary_dup(master->loaded_features);
+    box->loaded_features_snapshot = rb_ary_new();
+    box->loaded_features_index = st_init_numtable();
+    box->loaded_features_realpaths = rb_hash_dup(master->loaded_features_realpaths);
+    box->loaded_features_realpath_map = rb_hash_dup(master->loaded_features_realpath_map);
+    box->loading_table = st_init_strtable();
+    box->ruby_dln_libmap = rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
+    box->gvar_tbl = rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
+    box->classext_cow_classes = st_init_numtable();
+
+    box->is_user = true;
+    box->is_optional = true;
+}
+
+void
+rb_box_gc_update_references(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_box_t *box = (rb_box_t *)ptr;
+    if (!box) return;
+
+    if (box->box_object)
+        box->box_object = rb_gc_location(box->box_object);
+    if (box->top_self)
+        box->top_self = rb_gc_location(box->top_self);
+    box->load_path = rb_gc_location(box->load_path);
+    box->expanded_load_path = rb_gc_location(box->expanded_load_path);
+    box->load_path_snapshot = rb_gc_location(box->load_path_snapshot);
+    if (box->load_path_check_cache) {
+        box->load_path_check_cache = rb_gc_location(box->load_path_check_cache);
+    }
+    box->loaded_features = rb_gc_location(box->loaded_features);
+    box->loaded_features_snapshot = rb_gc_location(box->loaded_features_snapshot);
+    box->loaded_features_realpaths = rb_gc_location(box->loaded_features_realpaths);
+    box->loaded_features_realpath_map = rb_gc_location(box->loaded_features_realpath_map);
+    box->ruby_dln_libmap = rb_gc_location(box->ruby_dln_libmap);
+    box->gvar_tbl = rb_gc_location(box->gvar_tbl);
+}
+
+void
+rb_box_entry_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box = (rb_box_t *)ptr;
+    if (!box) return;
+
+    rb_gc_mark(box->box_object);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->top_self);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->load_path);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->expanded_load_path);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->load_path_snapshot);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->load_path_check_cache);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->loaded_features);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->loaded_features_snapshot);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->loaded_features_realpaths);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->loaded_features_realpath_map);
+    if (box->loading_table) {
+        rb_mark_tbl(box->loading_table);
+    }
+    rb_gc_mark(box->ruby_dln_libmap);
+    rb_gc_mark(box->gvar_tbl);
+    if (box->classext_cow_classes) {
+        rb_mark_set(box->classext_cow_classes);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+free_loading_table_entry(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    xfree((char *)key);
+    return ST_DELETE;
+}
+
+static int
+free_loaded_feature_index_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    if (!FIXNUM_P(value)) {
+        rb_darray_free_sized((void *)value, long);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+free_box_st_tables(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_box_t *box = (rb_box_t *)ptr;
+    if (box->loading_table) {
+        st_foreach(box->loading_table, free_loading_table_entry, 0);
+        st_free_table(box->loading_table);
+        box->loading_table = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (box->loaded_features_index) {
+        st_foreach(box->loaded_features_index, free_loaded_feature_index_i, 0);
+        st_free_table(box->loaded_features_index);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+free_classext_for_box(st_data_t key, st_data_t _value, st_data_t box_arg)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext;
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)box_arg;
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_MODULE)) {
+        ext = rb_class_unlink_classext(obj, box);
+        rb_class_classext_free(obj, ext, false);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_ICLASS)) {
+        ext = rb_class_unlink_classext(obj, box);
+        rb_iclass_classext_free(obj, ext, false);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_bug("Invalid type of object in classext_cow_classes: %s", rb_type_str(BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)));
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+box_entry_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)ptr;
+
+    if (box->classext_cow_classes) {
+        st_foreach(box->classext_cow_classes, free_classext_for_box, (st_data_t)box);
+    }
+
+    cleanup_all_local_extensions(box->ruby_dln_libmap);
+
+    free_box_st_tables(ptr);
+    SIZED_FREE(box);
+}
+
+static size_t
+box_entry_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    size_t size = sizeof(rb_box_t);
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)ptr;
+    if (box->loaded_features_index) {
+        size += rb_st_memsize(box->loaded_features_index);
+    }
+    if (box->loading_table) {
+        size += rb_st_memsize(box->loading_table);
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_box_data_type = {
+    "Ruby::Box::Entry",
+    {
+        rb_box_entry_mark,
+        box_entry_free,
+        box_entry_memsize,
+        rb_box_gc_update_references,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY // TODO: enable RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED when inserting write barriers
+};
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_master_box_data_type = {
+    "Ruby::Box::Master",
+    {
+        rb_box_entry_mark,
+        free_box_st_tables,
+        box_entry_memsize,
+        rb_box_gc_update_references,
+    },
+    &rb_box_data_type, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY // TODO: enable RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED when inserting write barriers
+};
+
+VALUE
+rb_box_entry_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_box_t *entry;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, rb_box_t, &rb_box_data_type, entry);
+    box_entry_initialize(entry);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static rb_box_t *
+get_box_struct_internal(VALUE entry)
+{
+    rb_box_t *sval;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(entry, rb_box_t, &rb_box_data_type, sval);
+    return sval;
+}
+
+rb_box_t *
+rb_get_box_t(VALUE box)
+{
+    VALUE entry;
+    ID id_box_entry;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(box);
+
+    if (NIL_P(box))
+        return (rb_box_t *)rb_root_box();
+
+    VM_ASSERT(BOX_OBJ_P(box));
+
+    CONST_ID(id_box_entry, "__box_entry__");
+    entry = rb_attr_get(box, id_box_entry);
+    return get_box_struct_internal(entry);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_get_box_object(rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(box && box->box_object);
+    return box->box_object;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Ruby::Box.new -> new_box
+ *
+ *  Returns a new Ruby::Box object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+box_initialize(VALUE box_value)
+{
+    rb_box_t *box;
+    rb_classext_t *object_classext;
+    VALUE entry;
+    ID id_box_entry;
+    CONST_ID(id_box_entry, "__box_entry__");
+
+    if (!rb_box_available()) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Ruby Box is disabled. Set RUBY_BOX=1 environment variable to use Ruby::Box.");
+    }
+
+    entry = rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw(0, NULL, rb_cBoxEntry);
+    box = get_box_struct_internal(entry);
+
+    box->box_object = box_value;
+    box->box_id = box_generate_id();
+    rb_define_singleton_method(box->load_path, "resolve_feature_path", rb_resolve_feature_path, 1);
+
+    // Set the Ruby::Box object unique/consistent from any boxes to have just single
+    // constant table from any view of every (including main) box.
+    // If a code in the box adds a constant, the constant will be visible even from root/main.
+    RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(box_value, true);
+
+    // Get a clean constant table of Object even by writable one
+    // because ns was just created, so it has not touched any constants yet.
+    object_classext = RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_IN_BOX(rb_cObject, box);
+    RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(box_value, RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(object_classext), true);
+
+    rb_ivar_set(box_value, id_box_entry, entry);
+
+    if (ruby_box_init_done) {
+        if (box_gem_flags->gem) {
+            rb_vm_call_cfunc_in_box(Qnil, rb_define_gem_modules, (VALUE)box_gem_flags, Qnil,
+                                    rb_str_new_cstr("before_prelude.user.dummy"), (const rb_box_t *)box);
+            rb_load_gem_prelude((VALUE)box);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Invalidate ZJIT code that assumes only the root box is active
+    rb_zjit_invalidate_root_box();
+
+    return box_value;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Ruby::Box.enabled? -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if Ruby::Box is enabled.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_s_getenabled(VALUE recv)
+{
+    return RBOOL(rb_box_available());
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Ruby::Box.current -> box, nil or false
+ *
+ *  Returns the current box.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if Ruby Box is not enabled.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_s_current(VALUE recv)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+
+    if (!rb_box_available())
+        return Qnil;
+
+    box = rb_vm_current_box(GET_EC());
+    VM_ASSERT(box && box->box_object);
+    return box->box_object;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    load_path -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns box local load path.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_load_path(VALUE box)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(BOX_OBJ_P(box));
+    return rb_get_box_t(box)->load_path;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+UINT rb_w32_system_tmpdir(WCHAR *path, UINT len);
+#endif
+
+/* Copied from mjit.c Ruby 3.0.3 */
+static char *
+system_default_tmpdir(void)
+{
+    // c.f. ext/etc/etc.c:etc_systmpdir()
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    WCHAR tmppath[_MAX_PATH];
+    UINT len = rb_w32_system_tmpdir(tmppath, numberof(tmppath));
+    if (len) {
+        int blen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, tmppath, len, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+        char *tmpdir = xmalloc(blen + 1);
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, tmppath, len, tmpdir, blen, NULL, NULL);
+        tmpdir[blen] = '\0';
+        return tmpdir;
+    }
+#elif defined _CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR
+    char path[MAXPATHLEN];
+    size_t len = confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, path, sizeof(path));
+    if (len > 0) {
+        char *tmpdir = xmalloc(len);
+        if (len > sizeof(path)) {
+            confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, tmpdir, len);
+        }
+        else {
+            memcpy(tmpdir, path, len);
+        }
+        return tmpdir;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+check_tmpdir(const char *dir)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+
+    if (!dir) return FALSE;
+    if (stat(dir, &st)) return FALSE;
+#ifndef S_ISDIR
+#   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+#endif
+    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return FALSE;
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# ifndef S_IWOTH
+#   define S_IWOTH 002
+# endif
+    if (st.st_mode & S_IWOTH) {
+# ifdef S_ISVTX
+        if (!(st.st_mode & S_ISVTX)) return FALSE;
+# else
+        return FALSE;
+# endif
+    }
+    if (access(dir, W_OK)) return FALSE;
+#endif
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static char *
+system_tmpdir(void)
+{
+    char *tmpdir;
+# define RETURN_ENV(name) \
+    if (check_tmpdir(tmpdir = getenv(name))) return ruby_strdup(tmpdir)
+    RETURN_ENV("TMPDIR");
+    RETURN_ENV("TMP");
+    tmpdir = system_default_tmpdir();
+    if (check_tmpdir(tmpdir)) return tmpdir;
+    return ruby_strdup("/tmp");
+# undef RETURN_ENV
+}
+
+/* end of copy */
+
+static int
+sprint_ext_filename(char *str, size_t size, long box_id, const char *prefix, const char *basename)
+{
+    if (tmp_dir_has_dirsep) {
+        return snprintf(str, size, "%s%sp%"PRI_PIDT_PREFIX"u_%ld_%s", tmp_dir, prefix, getpid(), box_id, basename);
+    }
+    return snprintf(str, size, "%s%s%sp%"PRI_PIDT_PREFIX"u_%ld_%s", tmp_dir, DIRSEP, prefix, getpid(), box_id, basename);
+}
+
+enum copy_error_type {
+    COPY_ERROR_NONE,
+    COPY_ERROR_SRC_OPEN,
+    COPY_ERROR_DST_OPEN,
+    COPY_ERROR_SRC_READ,
+    COPY_ERROR_DST_WRITE,
+    COPY_ERROR_SRC_STAT,
+    COPY_ERROR_DST_CHMOD,
+    COPY_ERROR_SYSERR
+};
+
+static const char *
+copy_ext_file_error(char *message, size_t size, int copy_retvalue)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    int error = GetLastError();
+    char *p = message;
+    size_t len = snprintf(message, size, "%d: ", error);
+
+#define format_message(sublang) FormatMessage(\
+        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,	\
+        NULL, error, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, (sublang)),		\
+        message + len, size - len, NULL)
+    if (format_message(SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US) == 0)
+        format_message(SUBLANG_DEFAULT);
+    for (p = message + len; *p; p++) {
+        if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
+            *p = ' ';
+    }
+#else
+    switch (copy_retvalue) {
+      case COPY_ERROR_SRC_OPEN:
+        strlcpy(message, "can't open the extension path", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_DST_OPEN:
+        strlcpy(message, "can't open the file to write", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_SRC_READ:
+        strlcpy(message, "failed to read the extension path", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_DST_WRITE:
+        strlcpy(message, "failed to write the extension path", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_SRC_STAT:
+        strlcpy(message, "failed to stat the extension path to copy permissions", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_DST_CHMOD:
+        strlcpy(message, "failed to set permissions to the copied extension path", size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_SYSERR:
+        strlcpy(message, strerror(errno), size);
+        break;
+      case COPY_ERROR_NONE: /* shouldn't be called */
+      default:
+        rb_bug("unknown return value of copy_ext_file: %d", copy_retvalue);
+    }
+#endif
+    return message;
+}
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+static enum copy_error_type
+copy_stream(int src_fd, int dst_fd)
+{
+    char buffer[1024];
+    ssize_t rsize;
+
+    while ((rsize = read(src_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != 0) {
+        if (rsize < 0) return COPY_ERROR_SRC_READ;
+        for (size_t written = 0; written < (size_t)rsize;) {
+            ssize_t wsize = write(dst_fd, buffer+written, rsize-written);
+            if (wsize < 0) return COPY_ERROR_DST_WRITE;
+            written += (size_t)wsize;
+        }
+    }
+    return COPY_ERROR_NONE;
+}
+#endif
+
+static enum copy_error_type
+copy_ext_file(const char *src_path, const char *dst_path)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    WCHAR *w_src = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, src_path, -1, NULL);
+    WCHAR *w_dst = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, dst_path, -1, NULL);
+    if (!w_src || !w_dst) {
+        free(w_src);
+        free(w_dst);
+        rb_memerror();
+    }
+
+    enum copy_error_type rvalue = CopyFileW(w_src, w_dst, TRUE) ?
+        COPY_ERROR_NONE : COPY_ERROR_SYSERR;
+    free(w_src);
+    free(w_dst);
+    return rvalue;
+#else
+# ifdef O_BINARY
+    const int bin = O_BINARY;
+# else
+    const int bin = 0;
+# endif
+# ifdef O_CLOEXEC
+    const int cloexec = O_CLOEXEC;
+# else
+    const int cloexec = 0;
+# endif
+    const int src_fd = open(src_path, O_RDONLY|cloexec|bin);
+    if (src_fd < 0) return COPY_ERROR_SRC_OPEN;
+    if (!cloexec) rb_maygvl_fd_fix_cloexec(src_fd);
+
+    struct stat src_st;
+    if (fstat(src_fd, &src_st)) {
+        close(src_fd);
+        return COPY_ERROR_SRC_STAT;
+    }
+
+    const int dst_fd = open(dst_path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|cloexec|bin, S_IRWXU);
+    if (dst_fd < 0) {
+        close(src_fd);
+        return COPY_ERROR_DST_OPEN;
+    }
+    if (!cloexec) rb_maygvl_fd_fix_cloexec(dst_fd);
+
+    enum copy_error_type ret = COPY_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    if (fchmod(dst_fd, src_st.st_mode & 0777)) {
+        ret = COPY_ERROR_DST_CHMOD;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    const size_t count_max = (SIZE_MAX >> 1) + 1;
+    (void)count_max;
+
+# ifdef HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE
+    for (;;) {
+        ssize_t written = copy_file_range(src_fd, NULL, dst_fd, NULL, count_max, 0);
+        if (written == 0) goto done;
+        if (written < 0) break;
+    }
+# endif
+# ifdef HAVE_FCOPYFILE
+    if (fcopyfile(src_fd, dst_fd, NULL, COPYFILE_DATA) == 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+# endif
+# ifdef USE_SENDFILE
+    for (;;) {
+        ssize_t written = sendfile(src_fd, dst_fd, NULL count_max);
+        if (written == 0) goto done;
+        if (written < 0) break;
+    }
+# endif
+    ret = copy_stream(src_fd, dst_fd);
+
+  done:
+    close(src_fd);
+    if (dst_fd >= 0) close(dst_fd);
+    if (ret != COPY_ERROR_NONE) unlink(dst_path);
+    return ret;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined __CYGWIN__ || defined DOSISH
+#define isdirsep(x) ((x) == '/' || (x) == '\\')
+#else
+#define isdirsep(x) ((x) == '/')
+#endif
+
+#define IS_SOEXT(e) (strcmp((e), ".so") == 0 || strcmp((e), ".o") == 0)
+#define IS_DLEXT(e) (strcmp((e), DLEXT) == 0)
+
+static void
+fname_without_suffix(const char *fname, char *rvalue, size_t rsize)
+{
+    size_t len = strlen(fname);
+    const char *pos;
+    for (pos = fname + len; pos > fname; pos--) {
+        if (IS_SOEXT(pos) || IS_DLEXT(pos)) {
+            len = pos - fname;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (fname + len - pos > DLEXT_MAXLEN) break;
+    }
+    if (len > rsize - 1) len = rsize - 1;
+    memcpy(rvalue, fname, len);
+    rvalue[len] = '\0';
+}
+
+static void
+escaped_basename(const char *path, const char *fname, char *rvalue, size_t rsize)
+{
+    char *pos;
+    const char *leaf = path, *found;
+    // `leaf + 1` looks uncomfortable (when leaf == path), but fname must not be the top-dir itself
+    while ((found = strstr(leaf + 1, fname)) != NULL) {
+        leaf = found; // find the last occurrence for the path like /etc/my-crazy-lib-dir/etc.so
+    }
+    strlcpy(rvalue, leaf, rsize);
+    for (pos = rvalue; *pos; pos++) {
+        if (isdirsep(*pos)) {
+            *pos = '+';
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+box_ext_cleanup_mark(void *p)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p);
+}
+
+static void
+box_ext_cleanup_free(void *p)
+{
+    VALUE path = (VALUE)p;
+    unlink(RSTRING_PTR(path));
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t box_ext_cleanup_type = {
+    "box_ext_cleanup",
+    {box_ext_cleanup_mark, box_ext_cleanup_free},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+void
+rb_box_cleanup_local_extension(VALUE cleanup)
+{
+    void *p = DATA_PTR(cleanup);
+    DATA_PTR(cleanup) = NULL;
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    if (p) box_ext_cleanup_free(p);
+#endif
+    (void)p;
+}
+
+static int
+cleanup_local_extension_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    HMODULE h = (HMODULE)NUM2PTR(value);
+    WCHAR module_path[MAXPATHLEN];
+    DWORD len = GetModuleFileNameW(h, module_path, numberof(module_path));
+
+    FreeLibrary(h);
+    if (len > 0 && len < numberof(module_path)) DeleteFileW(module_path);
+#endif
+    return ST_DELETE;
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup_all_local_extensions(VALUE libmap)
+{
+    rb_hash_foreach(libmap, cleanup_local_extension_i, 0);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_box_local_extension(VALUE box_value, VALUE fname, VALUE path, VALUE *cleanup)
+{
+    char ext_path[MAXPATHLEN], fname2[MAXPATHLEN], basename[MAXPATHLEN];
+    int wrote;
+    const char *src_path = RSTRING_PTR(path), *fname_ptr = RSTRING_PTR(fname);
+    rb_box_t *box = rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+
+    fname_without_suffix(fname_ptr, fname2, sizeof(fname2));
+    escaped_basename(src_path, fname2, basename, sizeof(basename));
+
+    wrote = sprint_ext_filename(ext_path, sizeof(ext_path), box->box_id, BOX_TMP_PREFIX, basename);
+    if (wrote >= (int)sizeof(ext_path)) {
+        rb_bug("Extension file path in the box was too long");
+    }
+    VALUE new_path = rb_str_new_cstr(ext_path);
+    *cleanup = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &box_ext_cleanup_type, NULL);
+    enum copy_error_type copy_error = copy_ext_file(src_path, ext_path);
+    if (copy_error) {
+        char message[1024];
+        copy_ext_file_error(message, sizeof(message), copy_error);
+        rb_raise(rb_eLoadError, "can't prepare the extension file for Ruby Box (%s from %"PRIsVALUE"): %s", ext_path, path, message);
+    }
+    DATA_PTR(*cleanup) = (void *)new_path;
+    return new_path;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE box)
+{
+    VALUE fname, wrap;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &wrap);
+
+    rb_vm_frame_flag_set_box_require(GET_EC());
+
+    return rb_load_entrypoint(fname, wrap);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_require(VALUE box, VALUE fname)
+{
+    rb_vm_frame_flag_set_box_require(GET_EC());
+
+    return rb_require_string(fname);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_require_relative(VALUE box, VALUE fname)
+{
+    rb_vm_frame_flag_set_box_require(GET_EC());
+
+    return rb_require_relative_entrypoint(fname);
+}
+
+static void
+initialize_master_box(void)
+{
+    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+    rb_box_t *master = (rb_box_t *)rb_master_box();
+
+    master->load_path = rb_ary_new();
+    master->expanded_load_path = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
+    master->load_path_snapshot = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
+    master->load_path_check_cache = 0;
+    rb_define_singleton_method(master->load_path, "resolve_feature_path", rb_resolve_feature_path, 1);
+
+    master->loaded_features = rb_ary_new();
+    master->loaded_features_snapshot = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
+    master->loaded_features_index = st_init_numtable();
+    master->loaded_features_realpaths = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_obj_hide(master->loaded_features_realpaths);
+    master->loaded_features_realpath_map = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_obj_hide(master->loaded_features_realpath_map);
+
+    master->ruby_dln_libmap = rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
+    master->gvar_tbl = rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
+    master->classext_cow_classes = NULL; // classext CoW never happen on the master box
+
+    vm->master_box = master;
+
+    if (rb_box_available()) {
+        VALUE master_box, entry;
+        ID id_box_entry;
+        CONST_ID(id_box_entry, "__box_entry__");
+
+        master_box = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cBox);
+        RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(master_box, true);
+        RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(master_box, RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(rb_cObject)), true);
+
+        master->box_id = box_generate_id();
+        master->box_object = master_box;
+
+        entry = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cBoxEntry, &rb_master_box_data_type, master);
+        rb_ivar_set(master_box, id_box_entry, entry);
+
+        rb_gc_register_mark_object(master_box);
+        rb_gc_register_mark_object(entry);
+    }
+    else {
+        master->box_id = 1;
+        master->box_object = Qnil;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_eval(VALUE box_value, VALUE str)
+{
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+
+    StringValue(str);
+
+    iseq = rb_iseq_compile_iseq(str, rb_str_new_cstr("eval"));
+    VM_ASSERT(iseq);
+
+    box = (const rb_box_t *)rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+
+    return rb_iseq_eval(iseq, box);
+}
+
+static int box_experimental_warned = 0;
+
+RUBY_EXTERN const char ruby_api_version_name[];
+
+static VALUE
+box_value_initialize(bool root, bool user, bool optional)
+{
+    rb_box_t *box;
+    VALUE box_value = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, rb_cBox);
+
+    VM_ASSERT(BOX_OBJ_P(box_value));
+
+    box = rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+    box->box_object = box_value;
+    box->is_root = root;
+    box->is_user = user;
+    box->is_optional = optional;
+    return box_value;
+}
+
+void
+rb_initialize_mandatory_boxes(void)
+{
+    VALUE root_box_value, main_box_value;
+    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+
+    VM_ASSERT(rb_box_available());
+
+    if (!box_experimental_warned) {
+        rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_EXPERIMENTAL,
+                         "Ruby::Box is experimental, and the behavior may change in the future!\n"
+                         "See https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/%s/Ruby/Box.html for known issues, etc.",
+                         ruby_api_version_name);
+        box_experimental_warned = 1;
+    }
+
+    root_box_value = box_value_initialize(true, false, false);
+    main_box_value = box_value_initialize(false, true, false);
+
+    rb_const_set(rb_cBox, rb_intern("ROOT"), root_box_value);
+    rb_const_set(rb_cBox, rb_intern("MAIN"), main_box_value);
+
+    vm->root_box = root_box = rb_get_box_t(root_box_value);
+    vm->main_box = main_box = rb_get_box_t(main_box_value);
+
+    // create the writable classext of ::Object explicitly to finalize the set of visible top-level constants
+    RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_IN_BOX(rb_cObject, root_box);
+    RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_IN_BOX(rb_cObject, main_box);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_inspect(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_box_t *box;
+    VALUE r;
+    if (obj == Qfalse) {
+        r = rb_str_new_cstr("#<Ruby::Box:master>");
+        return r;
+    }
+    box = rb_get_box_t(obj);
+    r = rb_str_new_cstr("#<Ruby::Box:");
+    rb_str_concat(r, rb_funcall(LONG2NUM(box->box_id), rb_intern("to_s"), 0));
+    if (BOX_MASTER_P(box)) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ",master");
+    }
+    if (BOX_ROOT_P(box)) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ",root");
+    }
+    if (BOX_USER_P(box)) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ",user");
+    }
+    if (BOX_MAIN_P(box)) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ",main");
+    }
+    else if (BOX_OPTIONAL_P(box)) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ",optional");
+    }
+    rb_str_cat_cstr(r, ">");
+    return r;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_box_loading_func(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _self)
+{
+    rb_vm_frame_flag_set_box_require(GET_EC());
+    return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+}
+
+static void
+box_define_loader_method(const char *name)
+{
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_mBoxLoader, name, rb_box_loading_func, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mBoxLoader, name, rb_box_loading_func, -1);
+}
+
+void
+Init_master_box(void)
+{
+    master_box->loading_table = st_init_strtable();
+}
+
+void
+Init_enable_box(void)
+{
+    const char *env = getenv("RUBY_BOX");
+    if (env && strlen(env) == 1 && env[0] == '1') {
+        ruby_box_enabled = true;
+    }
+    else {
+        ruby_box_init_done = true;
+    }
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_s_master(VALUE recv)
+{
+    return master_box->box_object;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_s_root(VALUE recv)
+{
+    return root_box->box_object;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_s_main(VALUE recv)
+{
+    return main_box->box_object;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_master_p(VALUE box_value)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+    return RBOOL(BOX_MASTER_P(box));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_root_p(VALUE box_value)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+    return RBOOL(BOX_ROOT_P(box));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_box_main_p(VALUE box_value)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box = (const rb_box_t *)rb_get_box_t(box_value);
+    return RBOOL(BOX_MAIN_P(box));
+}
+
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+
+static const char *
+classname(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE p;
+    if (!klass) {
+        return "Qfalse";
+    }
+    p = RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass));
+    if (RTEST(p))
+        return RSTRING_PTR(p);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS))
+        return "AnyClassValue";
+    return "NonClassValue";
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+dump_classext_methods_i(ID mid, VALUE _val, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE ary = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_id2str(mid));
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+dump_classext_constants_i(ID mid, VALUE _val, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE ary = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_id2str(mid));
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+dump_classext_i(rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime, VALUE _recv, void *data)
+{
+    char buf[4096];
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
+    VALUE ary, res = (VALUE)data;
+
+    snprintf(buf, 4096, "Ruby::Box %ld:%s classext %p\n",
+             RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext)->box_id, is_prime ? " prime" : "", (void *)ext);
+    rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+
+    snprintf(buf, 2048, "  Super: %s\n", classname(RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext)));
+    rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+
+    tbl = RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext);
+    if (tbl) {
+        ary = rb_ary_new_capa((long)rb_id_table_size(tbl));
+        rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext), dump_classext_methods_i, (void *)ary);
+        rb_ary_sort_bang(ary);
+        snprintf(buf, 4096, "  Methods(%ld): ", RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+        rb_str_concat(res, rb_ary_join(ary, rb_str_new_cstr(",")));
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, "\n");
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, "  Methods(0): .\n");
+    }
+
+    tbl = RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext);
+    if (tbl) {
+        ary = rb_ary_new_capa((long)rb_id_table_size(tbl));
+        rb_id_table_foreach(tbl, dump_classext_constants_i, (void *)ary);
+        rb_ary_sort_bang(ary);
+        snprintf(buf, 4096, "  Constants(%ld): ", RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+        rb_str_concat(res, rb_ary_join(ary, rb_str_new_cstr(",")));
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, "\n");
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, "  Constants(0): .\n");
+    }
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_f_dump_classext(VALUE recv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    /*
+     * The desired output String value is:
+     * Class: 0x88800932 (String) [singleton]
+     * Prime classext box(2,main), readable(t), writable(f)
+     * Non-prime classexts: 3
+     * Box 2: prime classext 0x88800933
+     *   Super: Object
+     *   Methods(43): aaaaa, bbbb, cccc, dddd, eeeee, ffff, gggg, hhhhh, ...
+     *   Constants(12): FOO, Bar, ...
+     * Box 5: classext 0x88800934
+     *   Super: Object
+     *   Methods(43): aaaaa, bbbb, cccc, dddd, eeeee, ffff, gggg, hhhhh, ...
+     *   Constants(12): FOO, Bar, ...
+     */
+    char buf[2048];
+    VALUE res;
+    const rb_classext_t *ext;
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+    st_table *classext_tbl;
+
+    if (!(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE))) {
+        snprintf(buf, 2048, "Non-class/module value: %p (%s)\n", (void *)klass, rb_type_str(BUILTIN_TYPE(klass)));
+        return rb_str_new_cstr(buf);
+    }
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
+        snprintf(buf, 2048, "Class: %p (%s)%s\n",
+                 (void *)klass, classname(klass), RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass) ? " [singleton]" : "");
+    }
+    else {
+        snprintf(buf, 2048, "Module: %p (%s)\n", (void *)klass, classname(klass));
+    }
+    res = rb_str_new_cstr(buf);
+
+    ext = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass);
+    box = RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext);
+    snprintf(buf, 2048, "Prime classext box(%ld,%s), readable(%s), writable(%s)\n",
+             box->box_id,
+             BOX_MASTER_P(box) ? "master" : (BOX_ROOT_P(box) ? "root" : (BOX_MAIN_P(box) ? "main" : "optional")),
+             RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_READABLE_P(klass) ? "t" : "f",
+             RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(klass) ? "t" : "f");
+    rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+
+    classext_tbl = RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(klass);
+    if (!classext_tbl) {
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, "Non-prime classexts: 0\n");
+    }
+    else {
+        snprintf(buf, 2048, "Non-prime classexts: %zu\n", st_table_size(classext_tbl));
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(res, buf);
+    }
+
+    rb_class_classext_foreach(klass, dump_classext_i, (void *)res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+#endif /* RUBY_DEBUG */
+
+/*
+ *  Document-class: Ruby::Box
+ *
+ *  :markup: markdown
+ *  :include: doc/language/box.md
+ */
+void
+Init_Box(void)
+{
+    tmp_dir = system_tmpdir();
+    tmp_dir_has_dirsep = (strcmp(tmp_dir + (strlen(tmp_dir) - strlen(DIRSEP)), DIRSEP) == 0);
+
+    VALUE mRuby = rb_define_module("Ruby");
+
+    rb_cBox = rb_define_class_under(mRuby, "Box", rb_cModule);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "initialize", box_initialize, 0);
+
+    /* :nodoc: */
+    rb_cBoxEntry = rb_define_class_under(rb_cBox, "Entry", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cBoxEntry, rb_box_entry_alloc);
+
+    initialize_master_box();
+
+    /* :nodoc: */
+    rb_mBoxLoader = rb_define_module_under(rb_cBox, "Loader");
+    box_define_loader_method("require");
+    box_define_loader_method("require_relative");
+    box_define_loader_method("load");
+
+    if (rb_box_available()) {
+        rb_include_module(rb_cObject, rb_mBoxLoader);
+
+        rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBox, "master", rb_box_s_master, 0);
+        rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBox, "root", rb_box_s_root, 0);
+        rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBox, "main", rb_box_s_main, 0);
+        rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "master?", rb_box_master_p, 0);
+        rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "root?", rb_box_root_p, 0);
+        rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "main?", rb_box_main_p, 0);
+
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+        rb_define_global_function("dump_classext", rb_f_dump_classext, 1);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBox, "enabled?", rb_box_s_getenabled, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBox, "current", rb_box_s_current, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "load_path", rb_box_load_path, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "load", rb_box_load, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "require", rb_box_require, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "require_relative", rb_box_require_relative, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "eval", rb_box_eval, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cBox, "inspect", rb_box_inspect, 0);
+}
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
index 3bde2408f8..03c9d03bc3 100644
--- a/builtin.c
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/box.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-#include "builtin_binary.inc"
+#include "builtin_binary.rbbin"
 
 #ifndef BUILTIN_BINARY_SIZE
 
@@ -22,18 +23,41 @@ bin4feature(const struct builtin_binary *bb, const char *feature, size_t *psize)
 static const unsigned char*
 builtin_lookup(const char *feature, size_t *psize)
 {
-    static int index = 0;
-    const unsigned char *bin = bin4feature(&builtin_binary[index++], feature, psize);
+    static size_t index = 0;
+    const unsigned char *bin = NULL;
 
-    // usually, `builtin_binary` order is loading order at miniruby.
-    for (const struct builtin_binary *bb = &builtin_binary[0]; bb->feature &&! bin; bb++) {
-        bin = bin4feature(bb++, feature, psize);
+    /*
+     * Fast path:
+     * builtin_binary is usually arranged in the same order
+     * as features are looked up in miniruby, so try the next entry first.
+     */
+    if (builtin_binary[index].feature) {
+        bin = bin4feature(&builtin_binary[index], feature, psize);
+        index++;
     }
+    if (bin) {
+        return bin;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Fallback:
+     * In case the lookup order does not match the array order,
+     * scan the entire table to find the feature.
+     */
+    for (const struct builtin_binary *bb = &builtin_binary[0];
+         bb->feature;
+         bb++) {
+        bin = bin4feature(bb, feature, psize);
+        if (bin) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     return bin;
 }
 
-void
-rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table)
+static void
+load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table, const rb_box_t *target_box)
 {
     // search binary
     size_t size;
@@ -51,7 +75,40 @@ rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin
     vm->builtin_function_table = NULL;
 
     // exec
-    rb_iseq_eval(rb_iseq_check(iseq));
+    rb_iseq_eval(rb_iseq_check(iseq), target_box);
+}
+
+void
+rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table)
+{
+    load_with_builtin_functions(feature_name, table, rb_root_box());
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_define_gem_modules(VALUE flags_value, VALUE _)
+{
+    rb_box_gem_flags_t *flags = (rb_box_gem_flags_t *)flags_value;
+
+    if (flags->gem) {
+        rb_define_module("Gem");
+        if (flags->error_highlight) {
+            rb_define_module("ErrorHighlight");
+        }
+        if (flags->did_you_mean) {
+            rb_define_module("DidYouMean");
+        }
+        if (flags->syntax_suggest) {
+            rb_define_module("SyntaxSuggest");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+void
+rb_load_gem_prelude(VALUE box)
+{
+    load_with_builtin_functions("gem_prelude", NULL, (const rb_box_t *)box);
 }
 
 #endif
@@ -71,5 +128,13 @@ Init_builtin(void)
 void
 Init_builtin_features(void)
 {
-    rb_load_with_builtin_functions("gem_prelude", NULL);
+
+#ifdef BUILTIN_BINARY_SIZE
+
+    rb_load_gem_prelude((VALUE)rb_root_box());
+
+    rb_load_gem_prelude((VALUE)rb_main_box());
+
+#endif
+
 }
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index fd1c4c307f..ffd2aad88e 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct rb_builtin_function {
 }
 
 void rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table);
+VALUE rb_define_gem_modules(VALUE, VALUE);
+void rb_load_gem_prelude(VALUE box);
 
 #ifndef rb_execution_context_t
 typedef struct rb_execution_context_struct rb_execution_context_t;
diff --git a/class.c b/class.c
index b39e693837..02078cc9bc 100644
--- a/class.c
+++ b/class.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "debug_counter.h"
 #include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/box.h"
 #include "internal/class.h"
 #include "internal/eval.h"
 #include "internal/hash.h"
@@ -29,7 +30,9 @@
 #include "internal/variable.h"
 #include "ruby/st.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
+#include "ruby/ractor.h"
 #include "yjit.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 /* Flags of T_CLASS
  *
@@ -38,24 +41,22 @@
  *           This is done for classes defined from C to allow storing them in global variables.
  * 1:    RUBY_FL_SINGLETON
  *           This class is a singleton class.
- * 2:    RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF
- *           The RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES contains the class as the last element.
- *           This means that this class owns the RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES list.
- * if !SHAPE_IN_BASIC_FLAGS
- * 4-19: SHAPE_FLAG_MASK
- *           Shape ID for the class.
- * endif
+ * 2:    RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE
+ *           This class's prime classext is the only classext and writable from any boxes.
+ *           If unset, the prime classext is writable only from the root box.
+ * 3:    RCLASS_IS_INITIALIZED
+ *           Class has been initialized.
+ * 4:    RCLASS_BOXABLE
+ *           Is a builtin class that may be boxed. It larger than a normal class.
  */
 
 /* Flags of T_ICLASS
  *
- * 0:    RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN
- * 3:    RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL
- *           The T_ICLASS does not own the method table.
- * if !SHAPE_IN_BASIC_FLAGS
- * 4-19: SHAPE_FLAG_MASK
- *           Shape ID. This is set but not used.
- * endif
+ * 2:    RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE
+ *           This module's prime classext is the only classext and writable from any boxes.
+ *           If unset, the prime classext is writable only from the root box.
+ * 4:    RCLASS_BOXABLE
+ *           Is a builtin class that may be boxed. It larger than a normal class.
  */
 
 /* Flags of T_MODULE
@@ -63,209 +64,634 @@
  * 0:    RCLASS_IS_ROOT
  *           The class has been added to the VM roots. Will always be marked and pinned.
  *           This is done for classes defined from C to allow storing them in global variables.
- * 1:    RMODULE_ALLOCATED_BUT_NOT_INITIALIZED
- *           Module has not been initialized.
- * 2:    RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF
- *           See RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF in T_CLASS.
- * 3:    RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT
+ * 1:    <reserved>
+ *          Ensures that RUBY_FL_SINGLETON is never set on a T_MODULE. See `rb_class_real`.
+ * 2:    RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE
+ *           This module's prime classext is the only classext and writable from any boxes.
+ *           If unset, the prime classext is writable only from the root box.
+ * 3:    RCLASS_IS_INITIALIZED
+ *           Module has been initialized.
+ * 4:    RCLASS_BOXABLE
+ *           Is a builtin class that may be boxed. It larger than a normal class.
+ * 5:    RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT
  *           Module is used for refinements.
- * if !SHAPE_IN_BASIC_FLAGS
- * 4-19: SHAPE_FLAG_MASK
- *           Shape ID for the module.
- * endif
  */
 
 #define METACLASS_OF(k) RBASIC(k)->klass
 #define SET_METACLASS_OF(k, cls) RBASIC_SET_CLASS(k, cls)
 
-RUBY_EXTERN rb_serial_t ruby_vm_global_cvar_state;
+rb_classext_t *
+rb_class_unlink_classext(VALUE klass, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    st_data_t ext;
+    st_data_t key = (st_data_t)box->box_object;
+    st_delete(box->classext_cow_classes, &klass, 0);
+    st_delete(RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(klass), &key, &ext);
+    return (rb_classext_t *)ext;
+}
 
-static rb_subclass_entry_t *
-push_subclass_entry_to_list(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
+void
+rb_class_classext_free(VALUE klass, rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime)
 {
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry, *head;
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
 
-    entry = ZALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t);
-    entry->klass = klass;
+    rb_id_table_free(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
 
-    head = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(super);
-    if (!head) {
-        head = ZALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t);
-        RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(super) = head;
+    if (!RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) && (tbl = RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext)) != NULL) {
+        rb_free_const_table(tbl);
     }
-    entry->next = head->next;
-    entry->prev = head;
 
-    if (head->next) {
-        head->next->prev = entry;
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext)) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(is_prime); // superclasses should only be used on prime
+        size_t depth = RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext);
+        if (depth != RCLASS_MAX_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH) {
+            depth++;
+        }
+        SIZED_FREE_N(RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES(ext), depth);
     }
-    head->next = entry;
 
-    return entry;
+    if (!is_prime) { // the prime classext will be freed with RClass
+        SIZED_FREE(ext);
+    }
 }
 
 void
-rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
+rb_iclass_classext_free(VALUE klass, rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime)
 {
-    if (super && !UNDEF_P(super)) {
-        rb_subclass_entry_t *entry = push_subclass_entry_to_list(super, klass);
-        RCLASS_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass) = entry;
+    if (RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) && !RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext)) {
+        /* Method table is not shared for origin iclasses of classes */
+        rb_id_table_free(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext) != NULL) {
+        rb_id_table_free(RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+
+    if (!is_prime) { // the prime classext will be freed with RClass
+        SIZED_FREE(ext);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(VALUE module, VALUE iclass)
+iclass_free_orphan_classext(VALUE klass, rb_classext_t *ext)
 {
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry = push_subclass_entry_to_list(module, iclass);
-    RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(iclass) = entry;
+    if (RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) && !RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext)) {
+        /* Method table is not shared for origin iclasses of classes */
+        rb_id_table_free(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext) != NULL) {
+        rb_id_table_free(RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+
+    SIZED_FREE(ext);
 }
 
-void
-rb_class_remove_subclass_head(VALUE klass)
+struct rb_class_set_box_classext_args {
+    VALUE obj;
+    rb_classext_t *ext;
+};
+
+static int
+set_box_classext_update(st_data_t *key_ptr, st_data_t *val_ptr, st_data_t a, int existing)
 {
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *head = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
+    struct rb_class_set_box_classext_args *args = (struct rb_class_set_box_classext_args *)a;
 
-    if (head) {
-        if (head->next) {
-            head->next->prev = NULL;
+    if (existing) {
+        if (LIKELY(BUILTIN_TYPE(args->obj) == T_ICLASS)) {
+            iclass_free_orphan_classext(args->obj, (rb_classext_t *)*val_ptr);
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_bug("Updating existing classext for non-iclass never happen");
         }
-        RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass) = NULL;
-        xfree(head);
     }
+
+    *val_ptr = (st_data_t)args->ext;
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 void
-rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+rb_class_set_box_classext(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box, rb_classext_t *ext)
 {
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry = RCLASS_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass);
+    struct rb_class_set_box_classext_args args = {
+        .obj = obj,
+        .ext = ext,
+    };
 
-    if (entry) {
-        rb_subclass_entry_t *prev = entry->prev, *next = entry->next;
+    VM_ASSERT(BOX_MUTABLE_P(box));
 
-        if (prev) {
-            prev->next = next;
-        }
-        if (next) {
-            next->prev = prev;
-        }
+    st_update(RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj), (st_data_t)box->box_object, set_box_classext_update, (st_data_t)&args);
 
-        xfree(entry);
+    // The classext references are now visible via the classext table,
+    // so we must issue the write barrier before any further allocations
+    // (e.g. st_insert below) that could trigger GC.
+    rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(obj);
+
+    st_insert(box->classext_cow_classes, (st_data_t)obj, 0);
+}
+
+RUBY_EXTERN rb_serial_t ruby_vm_global_cvar_state;
+
+struct duplicate_id_tbl_data {
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
+    VALUE klass;
+};
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+duplicate_classext_m_tbl_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    struct duplicate_id_tbl_data *arg = (struct duplicate_id_tbl_data *)data;
+    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *)value;
+    rb_method_table_insert0(arg->klass, arg->tbl, key, me, false);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static struct rb_id_table *
+duplicate_classext_m_tbl(struct rb_id_table *orig, VALUE klass, bool init_missing)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
+    if (!orig) {
+        if (init_missing)
+            return rb_id_table_create(0);
+        else
+            return NULL;
     }
+    tbl = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(orig));
+    struct duplicate_id_tbl_data data = {
+        .tbl = tbl,
+        .klass = klass,
+    };
+    rb_id_table_foreach(orig, duplicate_classext_m_tbl_i, &data);
+    return tbl;
+}
+
+static rb_const_entry_t *
+duplicate_classext_const_entry(rb_const_entry_t *src, VALUE klass)
+{
+    // See also: setup_const_entry (variable.c)
+    rb_const_entry_t *dst = ZALLOC(rb_const_entry_t);
+
+    dst->flag = src->flag;
+    dst->line = src->line;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &dst->value, src->value);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &dst->file, src->file);
 
-    RCLASS_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass) = NULL;
+    return dst;
 }
 
-void
-rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+duplicate_classext_const_tbl_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry = RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass);
+    struct duplicate_id_tbl_data *arg = (struct duplicate_id_tbl_data *)data;
+    rb_const_entry_t *entry = duplicate_classext_const_entry((rb_const_entry_t *)value, arg->klass);
 
-    if (entry) {
-        rb_subclass_entry_t *prev = entry->prev, *next = entry->next;
+    rb_id_table_insert(arg->tbl, key, (VALUE)entry);
 
-        if (prev) {
-            prev->next = next;
-        }
-        if (next) {
-            next->prev = prev;
-        }
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static struct rb_id_table *
+duplicate_classext_const_tbl(struct rb_id_table *src, VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *dst;
+
+    if (!src)
+        return NULL;
+
+    dst = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(src));
+
+    struct duplicate_id_tbl_data data = {
+        .tbl = dst,
+        .klass = klass,
+    };
+    rb_id_table_foreach(src, duplicate_classext_const_tbl_i, (void *)&data);
+
+    return dst;
+}
+
+static void
+class_duplicate_iclass_classext(VALUE iclass, rb_classext_t *mod_ext, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(iclass, T_ICLASS));
 
-        xfree(entry);
+    rb_classext_t *src = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(iclass);
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_TABLE_LOOKUP_INTERNAL(iclass, box);
+    int first_set = 0;
+
+    if (ext) {
+        // iclass classext for the ns is only for cc/callable_m_tbl if it's created earlier than module's one
+        rb_invalidate_method_caches(RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext), RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext));
     }
 
-    RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(klass) = NULL;
+    ext = ZALLOC(rb_classext_t);
+
+    RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext) = box;
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext) = RCLASSEXT_SUPER(src);
+
+    // See also: rb_include_class_new()
+    if (RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(src) && !RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(src)) {
+        RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext) = duplicate_classext_m_tbl(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(src), iclass, true);
+    }
+    else {
+        RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext) = RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(mod_ext);
+    }
+
+    RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) = RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(mod_ext);
+    RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext) = RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(mod_ext);
+
+    // Those are cache and should be recreated when methods are called
+    // RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext) = NULL;
+    // RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext) = NULL;
+
+    // Subclasses/back-pointers are only in the prime classext.
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SET_ORIGIN(ext, iclass, RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(src));
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) = RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(src);
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext) = RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(src);
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SET_INCLUDER(ext, iclass, RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(src));
+
+    VM_ASSERT(FL_TEST_RAW(iclass, RCLASS_BOXABLE));
+
+    first_set = RCLASS_SET_BOX_CLASSEXT(iclass, box, ext);
+    if (first_set) {
+        RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(iclass, false);
+    }
 }
 
-void
-rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg)
+rb_classext_t *
+rb_class_duplicate_classext(rb_classext_t *orig, VALUE klass, const rb_box_t *box)
 {
-    // RCLASS_SUBCLASSES should always point to our head element which has NULL klass
-    rb_subclass_entry_t *cur = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
-    // if we have a subclasses list, then the head is a placeholder with no valid
-    // class. So ignore it and use the next element in the list (if one exists)
-    if (cur) {
-        RUBY_ASSERT(!cur->klass);
-        cur = cur->next;
+    VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+
+    rb_classext_t *ext = ZALLOC(rb_classext_t);
+    bool dup_iclass = RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) ? true : false;
+
+    RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext) = box;
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext) = RCLASSEXT_SUPER(orig);
+
+    RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext) = duplicate_classext_m_tbl(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(orig), klass, dup_iclass);
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) = true;
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext) = false;
+
+    if (orig->fields_obj) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &ext->fields_obj, rb_imemo_fields_clone(orig->fields_obj));
+    }
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(orig)) {
+        RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) = RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(orig);
+        RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) = true;
+    }
+    else {
+        RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) = duplicate_classext_const_tbl(RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(orig), klass);
+        RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) = false;
+    }
+    /*
+     * callable_m_tbl is for `super` chain, and entries will be created when the super chain is called.
+     * so initially, it can be NULL and let it be created lazily.
+     * RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext) = NULL;
+     *
+     * cc_tbl is for method inline cache, and method calls from different boxes never occur on
+     * the same code, so the copied classext should have a different cc_tbl from the prime one.
+     * RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(copy) = NULL
+     */
+
+    VALUE cvc_table = RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(orig);
+    if (cvc_table) {
+        cvc_table = rb_marked_id_table_dup(cvc_table);
+    }
+    else if (dup_iclass) {
+        cvc_table = rb_marked_id_table_new(2);
+    }
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext), cvc_table);
+
+    // Subclasses/back-pointers are only in the prime classext.
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SET_ORIGIN(ext, klass, RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(orig));
+    /*
+     * Members not copied to box's classext values
+     * * refined_class
+     * * as.class.allocator / as.singleton_class.attached_object
+     * * includer
+     * * max IV count
+     * * variation count
+     */
+    RCLASSEXT_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH(ext) = RCLASSEXT_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH(orig);
+    RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext) = RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(orig);
+
+    /* For the usual T_CLASS/T_MODULE, iclass flags are always false */
+
+    if (dup_iclass) {
+        /*
+         * ICLASS has the same m_tbl/const_tbl/cvc_tbl with the included module.
+         * So the module's classext is copied, its tables should be also referred
+         * by the ICLASS's classext for the box.
+         *
+         * Subclasses are only in the prime classext, so read from orig.
+         */
+        VALUE subs_v = RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(orig);
+        if (subs_v) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)subs_v;
+            VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+                VALUE iclass = entries[i];
+                if (!iclass) continue;
+
+                /* every node in the subclass list should be an ICLASS built from this module */
+                VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(iclass, T_ICLASS));
+                VM_ASSERT(RBASIC_CLASS(iclass) == klass);
+
+                if (FL_TEST_RAW(iclass, RCLASS_BOXABLE)) {
+                    // Non-boxable ICLASSes (included by classes in main/user boxes) can't
+                    // hold per-box classexts, and their includer classes also can't, so
+                    // method lookup through them always uses the prime classext.
+                    class_duplicate_iclass_classext(iclass, ext, box);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    /* do not be tempted to simplify this loop into a for loop, the order of
-       operations is important here if `f` modifies the linked list */
-    while (cur) {
-        VALUE curklass = cur->klass;
-        cur = cur->next;
-        // do not trigger GC during f, otherwise the cur will become
-        // a dangling pointer if the subclass is collected
-        f(curklass, arg);
+    return ext;
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_ensure_writable(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+    RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass);
+}
+
+struct class_classext_foreach_arg {
+    rb_class_classext_foreach_callback_func *func;
+    void * callback_arg;
+};
+
+static int
+class_classext_foreach_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    struct class_classext_foreach_arg *foreach_arg = (struct class_classext_foreach_arg *)arg;
+    rb_class_classext_foreach_callback_func *func = foreach_arg->func;
+    func((rb_classext_t *)value, false, (VALUE)key, foreach_arg->callback_arg);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_classext_foreach(VALUE klass, rb_class_classext_foreach_callback_func *func, void *arg)
+{
+    st_table *tbl = RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(klass);
+    struct class_classext_foreach_arg foreach_arg;
+    if (tbl) {
+        foreach_arg.func = func;
+        foreach_arg.callback_arg = arg;
+        rb_st_foreach(tbl, class_classext_foreach_i, (st_data_t)&foreach_arg);
     }
+    func(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass), true, (VALUE)NULL, arg);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_class_super_of(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_class_singleton_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass);
+}
+
+unsigned char
+rb_class_variation_count(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return RCLASS_VARIATION_COUNT(klass);
 }
 
 static void
-class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+push_subclass_entry_to_list(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(klass);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(
+            (RB_TYPE_P(super, T_MODULE) && RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS)) ||
+            (RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS) && RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) ||
+            (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS) && !NIL_P(RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(klass)))
+            );
+
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        VALUE subs_v = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(super);
+        struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)subs_v;
+
+        if (!subs || subs->count == subs->capacity) {
+            VALUE *old_entries = subs ? rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v) : NULL;
+            uint32_t live = 0;
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; subs && i < subs->count; i++) {
+                if (old_entries[i]) live++;
+            }
+
+            uint32_t cap = subs ? subs->capacity : 2;
+            if (live * 2 >= cap) cap *= 2;
+
+            VALUE new_v = rb_imemo_subclasses_new(cap);
+            struct rb_subclasses *new_subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)new_v;
+            VALUE *new_entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(new_v);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; subs && i < subs->count; i++) {
+                VALUE entry = old_entries[i];
+                if (entry) {
+                    new_entries[new_subs->count++] = entry;
+                    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(new_v, Qundef, entry);
+                }
+            }
+            RCLASS_SET_SUBCLASSES(super, new_v);
+            subs_v = new_v;
+            subs = new_subs;
+        }
+
+        rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v)[subs->count++] = klass;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(subs_v, Qundef, klass);
+    }
 }
 
 void
-rb_class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_subclasses, Qnil);
+    if (super && !UNDEF_P(super)) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(super, T_MODULE));
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+        push_subclass_entry_to_list(super, klass);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
-class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(VALUE module, VALUE iclass)
 {
-    rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(klass);
+    if (module && !UNDEF_P(module)) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE));
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(iclass, T_ICLASS));
+        push_subclass_entry_to_list(module, iclass);
+    }
 }
 
 void
-rb_class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg)
+{
+    VALUE subs_v = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
+    if (!subs_v) return;
+
+    struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)subs_v;
+    VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+        VALUE curklass = entries[i];
+        if (curklass) {
+            f(curklass, arg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+class_switch_superclass(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_module_subclasses, Qnil);
+    // No need to remove from old super's subclasses list — the GC
+    // will nullify the weak reference when appropriate.
+    rb_class_subclass_add(super, klass);
 }
 
 /**
- * Allocates a struct RClass for a new class.
+ * Allocates a struct RClass for a new class, iclass, or module.
  *
- * @param flags     initial value for basic.flags of the returned class.
- * @param klass     the class of the returned class.
- * @return          an uninitialized Class object.
- * @pre  `klass` must refer `Class` class or an ancestor of Class.
- * @pre  `(flags | T_CLASS) != 0`
- * @post the returned class can safely be `#initialize` 'd.
+ * @param type      The type of the RClass (T_CLASS, T_ICLASS, or T_MODULE)
+ * @param klass     value for basic.klass of the returned object.
+ * @return          an uninitialized Class/IClass/Module object.
+ * @pre  `klass` must refer to a class or module
  *
  * @note this function is not Class#allocate.
  */
 static VALUE
-class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
+class_alloc0(enum ruby_value_type type, VALUE klass, bool boxable)
 {
-    size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct RClass) + sizeof(rb_classext_t);
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_current_box();
 
-    flags &= T_MASK;
-    if (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS) flags |= FL_WB_PROTECTED;
-    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RClass, klass, flags, alloc_size, 0);
+    if (!ruby_box_init_done) {
+        boxable = true;
+    }
+
+    size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t);
+    if (boxable) {
+        alloc_size = sizeof(struct RClass_boxable);
+    }
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type == T_CLASS || type == T_ICLASS || type == T_MODULE);
+
+    VALUE flags = type | FL_SHAREABLE;
+    if (boxable) flags |= RCLASS_BOXABLE;
+
+    shape_id_t shape_id = ROOT_SHAPE_ID;
+    if (boxable) {
+        shape_id |= SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER;
+    }
+    else {
+        shape_id |= SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_RCLASS;
+    }
+
+    struct RClass *obj = (struct RClass *)rb_newobj(GET_EC(), klass, flags, shape_id, true, alloc_size);
 
-    memset(RCLASS_EXT(obj), 0, sizeof(rb_classext_t));
+    obj->object_id = 0;
+
+    memset(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj), 0, sizeof(rb_classext_t));
 
     /* ZALLOC
       RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
       RCLASS_M_TBL(obj) = 0;
-      RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_FIELDS(obj) = 0;
       RCLASS_SET_SUPER((VALUE)obj, 0);
-      RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(obj) = NULL;
-      RCLASS_PARENT_SUBCLASSES(obj) = NULL;
-      RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASSES(obj) = NULL;
      */
+
+    if (boxable) {
+        ((struct RClass_boxable *)obj)->box_classext_tbl = NULL;
+    }
+
+    RCLASS_PRIME_BOX((VALUE)obj) = box;
+    // Classes/Modules defined in user boxes are
+    // writable directly because it exists only in a box.
+    RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE((VALUE)obj, !boxable || BOX_USER_P(box));
+
     RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN((VALUE)obj, (VALUE)obj);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(obj), Qnil);
-    RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR((VALUE)obj, 0);
+    RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS((VALUE)obj, Qnil);
 
     return (VALUE)obj;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+class_alloc(enum ruby_value_type type, VALUE klass)
+{
+    bool boxable = rb_box_available() && BOX_MASTER_P(rb_current_box());
+    return class_alloc0(type, klass, boxable);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+class_associate_super(VALUE klass, VALUE super, bool init)
+{
+    if (super && !UNDEF_P(super)) {
+        // Only maintain subclass lists for T_CLASS→T_CLASS relationships.
+        // Include/prepend inserts ICLASSes into the super chain, but T_CLASS
+        // subclass lists should track only the immutable T_CLASS→T_CLASS link.
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) && RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS)) {
+            if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
+                // Instead of adding singleton classes to the subclass list,
+                // just set a flag so that method cache invalidation takes the
+                // tree path.
+                FL_SET_RAW(super, RCLASS_HAS_SUBCLASSES);
+            }
+            else {
+                class_switch_superclass(super, klass);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (init) {
+        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
+    }
+    else {
+        RCLASS_WRITE_SUPER(klass, super);
+    }
+    rb_class_update_superclasses(klass);
+    return super;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_class_set_super(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+{
+    return class_associate_super(klass, super, false);
+}
+
+static void
+class_initialize_method_table(VALUE c)
+{
+    // initialize the prime classext m_tbl
+    RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(c, rb_id_table_create(0));
+}
+
 static void
-RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(VALUE c)
+class_clear_method_table(VALUE c)
+{
+    RCLASS_WRITE_M_TBL(c, rb_id_table_create(0));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+class_boot_boxable(VALUE super, bool boxable)
 {
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(c) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+    VALUE klass = class_alloc0(T_CLASS, rb_cClass, boxable);
+
+    // initialize method table prior to class_associate_super()
+    // because class_associate_super() may cause GC and promote klass
+    class_initialize_method_table(klass);
+
+    class_associate_super(klass, super, true);
+    if (super && !UNDEF_P(super)) {
+        RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(klass, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(super));
+        rb_class_set_initialized(klass);
+    }
+
+    return (VALUE)klass;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -280,18 +706,13 @@ RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(VALUE c)
 VALUE
 rb_class_boot(VALUE super)
 {
-    VALUE klass = class_alloc(T_CLASS, rb_cClass);
-
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
-    RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
-
-    return (VALUE)klass;
+    return class_boot_boxable(super, false);
 }
 
 static VALUE *
 class_superclasses_including_self(VALUE klass)
 {
-    if (FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF))
+    if (RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF_P(klass))
         return RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass);
 
     size_t depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass);
@@ -300,14 +721,14 @@ class_superclasses_including_self(VALUE klass)
         memcpy(superclasses, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass), sizeof(VALUE) * depth);
     superclasses[depth] = klass;
 
-    RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass) = superclasses;
-    FL_SET_RAW(klass, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF);
     return superclasses;
 }
 
 void
 rb_class_update_superclasses(VALUE klass)
 {
+    VALUE *superclasses;
+    size_t super_depth;
     VALUE super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
 
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) return;
@@ -336,8 +757,17 @@ rb_class_update_superclasses(VALUE klass)
             return;
     }
 
-    RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass) = class_superclasses_including_self(super);
-    RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass) = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(super) + 1;
+    super_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(super);
+    if (RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF_P(super)) {
+        superclasses = RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(super);
+    }
+    else {
+        superclasses = class_superclasses_including_self(super);
+        RCLASS_WRITE_SUPERCLASSES(super, super_depth, superclasses, true);
+    }
+
+    size_t depth = super_depth == RCLASS_MAX_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH ? super_depth : super_depth + 1;
+    RCLASS_WRITE_SUPERCLASSES(klass, depth, superclasses, false);
 }
 
 void
@@ -362,9 +792,8 @@ rb_class_new(VALUE super)
     rb_check_inheritable(super);
     VALUE klass = rb_class_boot(super);
 
-    if (super != rb_cObject && super != rb_cBasicObject) {
-        RCLASS_EXT(klass)->max_iv_count = RCLASS_EXT(super)->max_iv_count;
-    }
+    RCLASS_SET_MAX_IV_COUNT(klass, RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(super));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(getenv("RUBY_BOX") || RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(klass));
 
     return klass;
 }
@@ -376,28 +805,20 @@ rb_class_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 static void
-clone_method(VALUE old_klass, VALUE new_klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
+clone_method(VALUE new_klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
 {
-    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ) {
-        rb_cref_t *new_cref;
-        rb_vm_rewrite_cref(me->def->body.iseq.cref, old_klass, new_klass, &new_cref);
-        rb_add_method_iseq(new_klass, mid, me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr, new_cref, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_method_entry_set(new_klass, mid, me, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
-    }
+    rb_method_entry_set(new_klass, mid, me, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
 }
 
 struct clone_method_arg {
     VALUE new_klass;
-    VALUE old_klass;
 };
 
 static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
 clone_method_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
     const struct clone_method_arg *arg = (struct clone_method_arg *)data;
-    clone_method(arg->old_klass, arg->new_klass, key, (const rb_method_entry_t *)value);
+    clone_method(arg->new_klass, key, (const rb_method_entry_t *)value);
     return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -430,7 +851,7 @@ class_init_copy_check(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     if (orig == rb_cBasicObject) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't copy the root class");
     }
-    if (RCLASS_SUPER(clone) != 0 || clone == rb_cBasicObject) {
+    if (RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(clone)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "already initialized class");
     }
     if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(orig)) {
@@ -440,9 +861,15 @@ class_init_copy_check(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 
 struct cvc_table_copy_ctx {
     VALUE clone;
-    struct rb_id_table * new_table;
+    VALUE new_table;
 };
 
+static struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *
+cvc_table_entry_alloc(void)
+{
+    return (struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *)SHAREABLE_IMEMO_NEW(struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry, imemo_cvar_entry, 0);
+}
+
 static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
 cvc_table_copy(ID id, VALUE val, void *data)
 {
@@ -452,13 +879,11 @@ cvc_table_copy(ID id, VALUE val, void *data)
 
     struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *ent;
 
-    ent = ALLOC(struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry);
-    ent->class_value = ctx->clone;
-    ent->cref = orig_entry->cref;
+    ent = cvc_table_entry_alloc();
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE((VALUE)ent, &ent->class_value, ctx->clone);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(ctx->clone, &ent->cref, orig_entry->cref);
     ent->global_cvar_state = orig_entry->global_cvar_state;
-    rb_id_table_insert(ctx->new_table, id, (VALUE)ent);
-
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ctx->clone, Qundef, ent->cref);
+    rb_marked_id_table_insert(ctx->new_table, id, (VALUE)ent);
 
     return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
@@ -468,62 +893,49 @@ copy_tables(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 {
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone)) {
         rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
-        RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = 0;
+        RCLASS_WRITE_CONST_TBL(clone, 0, false);
     }
     if (RCLASS_CVC_TBL(orig)) {
-        struct rb_id_table *rb_cvc_tbl = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(orig);
-        struct rb_id_table *rb_cvc_tbl_dup = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(rb_cvc_tbl));
+        VALUE rb_cvc_tbl = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(orig);
+        VALUE rb_cvc_tbl_dup = rb_marked_id_table_new(rb_marked_id_table_size(rb_cvc_tbl));
 
         struct cvc_table_copy_ctx ctx;
         ctx.clone = clone;
         ctx.new_table = rb_cvc_tbl_dup;
-        rb_id_table_foreach(rb_cvc_tbl, cvc_table_copy, &ctx);
-        RCLASS_CVC_TBL(clone) = rb_cvc_tbl_dup;
+        rb_marked_id_table_foreach(rb_cvc_tbl, cvc_table_copy, &ctx);
+        RCLASS_WRITE_CVC_TBL(clone, rb_cvc_tbl_dup);
     }
     rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_M_TBL(clone));
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = 0;
+    RCLASS_WRITE_M_TBL(clone, 0);
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_ICLASS)) {
-        st_data_t id;
-
-        rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, orig);
-        CONST_ID(id, "__tmp_classpath__");
-        rb_attr_delete(clone, id);
-        CONST_ID(id, "__classpath__");
-        rb_attr_delete(clone, id);
+        rb_fields_tbl_copy(clone, orig);
     }
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig)) {
         struct clone_const_arg arg;
-
-        arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+        struct rb_id_table *const_tbl;
+        struct rb_id_table *orig_tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig);
+        arg.tbl = const_tbl = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(orig_tbl));
         arg.klass = clone;
-        rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig), clone_const_i, &arg);
+        rb_id_table_foreach(orig_tbl, clone_const_i, &arg);
+        RCLASS_WRITE_CONST_TBL(clone, const_tbl, false);
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(clone);
     }
 }
 
 static bool ensure_origin(VALUE klass);
 
-/**
- * If this flag is set, that module is allocated but not initialized yet.
- */
-enum {RMODULE_ALLOCATED_BUT_NOT_INITIALIZED = RUBY_FL_USER1};
-
-static inline bool
-RMODULE_UNINITIALIZED(VALUE module)
-{
-    return FL_TEST_RAW(module, RMODULE_ALLOCATED_BUT_NOT_INITIALIZED);
-}
-
 void
-rb_module_set_initialized(VALUE mod)
+rb_class_set_initialized(VALUE klass)
 {
-    FL_UNSET_RAW(mod, RMODULE_ALLOCATED_BUT_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE));
+    FL_SET_RAW(klass, RCLASS_IS_INITIALIZED);
     /* no more re-initialization */
 }
 
 void
 rb_module_check_initializable(VALUE mod)
 {
-    if (!RMODULE_UNINITIALIZED(mod)) {
+    if (RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(mod)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "already initialized module");
     }
 }
@@ -532,9 +944,11 @@ rb_module_check_initializable(VALUE mod)
 VALUE
 rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 {
+    /* Only class or module is valid here, but other classes may enter here and
+     * only hit an exception on the OBJ_INIT_COPY checks
+     */
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(clone)) {
       case T_CLASS:
-      case T_ICLASS:
         class_init_copy_check(clone, orig);
         break;
       case T_MODULE:
@@ -545,28 +959,28 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     }
     if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(clone, orig)) return clone;
 
-    /* cloned flag is refer at constant inline cache
-     * see vm_get_const_key_cref() in vm_insnhelper.c
-     */
-    RCLASS_EXT(clone)->cloned = true;
-    RCLASS_EXT(orig)->cloned = true;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(orig, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(orig, T_MODULE));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(clone) == BUILTIN_TYPE(orig));
+
+    rb_class_set_initialized(clone);
 
     if (!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(CLASS_OF(clone))) {
         RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, rb_singleton_class_clone(orig));
         rb_singleton_class_attached(METACLASS_OF(clone), (VALUE)clone);
     }
-    RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(clone, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(orig));
+    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(clone) == T_CLASS) {
+        RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(clone, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(orig));
+    }
     copy_tables(clone, orig);
     if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig)) {
         struct clone_method_arg arg;
-        arg.old_klass = orig;
         arg.new_klass = clone;
-        RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
+        class_initialize_method_table(clone);
         rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig), clone_method_i, &arg);
     }
 
     if (RCLASS_ORIGIN(orig) == orig) {
-        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(orig));
+        rb_class_set_super(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(orig));
     }
     else {
         VALUE p = RCLASS_SUPER(orig);
@@ -586,15 +1000,11 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
             if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) != T_ICLASS) {
                 rb_bug("non iclass between module/class and origin");
             }
-            clone_p = class_alloc(RBASIC(p)->flags, METACLASS_OF(p));
-            /* We should set the m_tbl right after allocation before anything
-             * that can trigger GC to avoid clone_p from becoming old and
-             * needing to fire write barriers. */
+            clone_p = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, METACLASS_OF(p));
             RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(clone_p, RCLASS_M_TBL(p));
-            RCLASS_SET_SUPER(prev_clone_p, clone_p);
+            rb_class_set_super(prev_clone_p, clone_p);
             prev_clone_p = clone_p;
-            RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(p);
-            RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(clone_p, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(p));
+            RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(clone_p, RCLASS_CONST_TBL(p), false);
             if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
                 RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(clone_p, clone);
             }
@@ -606,8 +1016,8 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
             }
             else if ((origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
                      RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == p) {
-                RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), clone_p);
-                RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(clone_p);
+                RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), clone_p);
+                RICLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(clone_p);
                 rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
                 add_subclass = FALSE;
             }
@@ -619,15 +1029,14 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 
         if (p == orig_origin) {
             if (clone_p) {
-                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_p, clone_origin);
-                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(orig_origin));
+                rb_class_set_super(clone_p, clone_origin);
+                rb_class_set_super(clone_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(orig_origin));
             }
             copy_tables(clone_origin, orig_origin);
             if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin)) {
                 struct clone_method_arg arg;
-                arg.old_klass = orig;
                 arg.new_klass = clone;
-                RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone_origin);
+                class_initialize_method_table(clone_origin);
                 rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin), clone_method_i, &arg);
             }
         }
@@ -664,7 +1073,8 @@ rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach)
     else {
         /* copy singleton(unnamed) class */
         bool klass_of_clone_is_new;
-        VALUE clone = class_alloc(RBASIC(klass)->flags, 0);
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS));
+        VALUE clone = class_alloc(T_CLASS, 0);
 
         if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS) {
             klass_of_clone_is_new = true;
@@ -678,21 +1088,24 @@ rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach)
             RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, klass_metaclass_clone);
         }
 
-        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
-        rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
+        // initialize method table before any GC chance
+        class_initialize_method_table(clone);
+
+        rb_class_set_super(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
+        rb_fields_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
         if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass)) {
             struct clone_const_arg arg;
-            arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+            struct rb_id_table *table;
+            arg.tbl = table = rb_id_table_create(rb_id_table_size(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass)));
             arg.klass = clone;
             rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, &arg);
+            RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(clone, table, false);
         }
         if (!UNDEF_P(attach)) {
             rb_singleton_class_attached(clone, attach);
         }
-        RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
         {
             struct clone_method_arg arg;
-            arg.old_klass = klass;
             arg.new_klass = clone;
             rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), clone_method_i, &arg);
         }
@@ -766,7 +1179,7 @@ static inline VALUE
 make_metaclass(VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE super;
-    VALUE metaclass = rb_class_boot(Qundef);
+    VALUE metaclass = class_boot_boxable(Qundef, FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_BOXABLE));
 
     FL_SET(metaclass, FL_SINGLETON);
     rb_singleton_class_attached(metaclass, klass);
@@ -783,7 +1196,8 @@ make_metaclass(VALUE klass)
 
     super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
     while (RB_TYPE_P(super, T_ICLASS)) super = RCLASS_SUPER(super);
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(metaclass, super ? ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(super) : rb_cClass);
+    class_associate_super(metaclass, super ? ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(super) : rb_cClass, true);
+    rb_class_set_initialized(klass);
 
     // Full class ancestry may not have been filled until we reach here.
     rb_class_update_superclasses(METACLASS_OF(metaclass));
@@ -801,12 +1215,18 @@ static inline VALUE
 make_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE orig_class = METACLASS_OF(obj);
-    VALUE klass = rb_class_boot(orig_class);
-
+    VALUE klass = class_alloc0(T_CLASS, rb_cClass, FL_TEST_RAW(orig_class, RCLASS_BOXABLE));
     FL_SET(klass, FL_SINGLETON);
+    class_initialize_method_table(klass);
+    class_associate_super(klass, orig_class, true);
+    if (orig_class && !UNDEF_P(orig_class)) {
+        rb_class_set_initialized(klass);
+    }
+
     RBASIC_SET_CLASS(obj, klass);
     rb_singleton_class_attached(klass, obj);
     rb_yjit_invalidate_no_singleton_class(orig_class);
+    rb_zjit_invalidate_no_singleton_class(orig_class);
 
     SET_METACLASS_OF(klass, METACLASS_OF(rb_class_real(orig_class)));
     return klass;
@@ -901,8 +1321,12 @@ void
 Init_class_hierarchy(void)
 {
     rb_cBasicObject = boot_defclass("BasicObject", 0);
+    RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(rb_cBasicObject, rb_class_allocate_instance);
+    FL_SET_RAW(rb_cBasicObject, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR_DEFINED);
+    RCLASS_SET_EXPECT_NO_IVAR(rb_cBasicObject);
+
     rb_cObject = boot_defclass("Object", rb_cBasicObject);
-    rb_vm_register_global_object(rb_cObject);
+    RCLASS_SET_EXPECT_NO_IVAR(rb_cObject);
 
     /* resolve class name ASAP for order-independence */
     rb_set_class_path_string(rb_cObject, rb_cObject, rb_fstring_lit("Object"));
@@ -982,9 +1406,8 @@ VALUE
 rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass;
-    ID id;
+    ID id = rb_intern(name);
 
-    id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
         klass = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
         if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
@@ -1061,8 +1484,7 @@ VALUE
 rb_module_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE mod = class_alloc(T_MODULE, klass);
-    RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(mod);
-    FL_SET(mod, RMODULE_ALLOCATED_BUT_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+    class_initialize_method_table(mod);
     return mod;
 }
 
@@ -1070,7 +1492,7 @@ static inline VALUE
 module_new(VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE mdl = class_alloc(T_MODULE, klass);
-    RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(mdl);
+    class_initialize_method_table(mdl);
     return (VALUE)mdl;
 }
 
@@ -1097,9 +1519,8 @@ VALUE
 rb_define_module(const char *name)
 {
     VALUE module;
-    ID id;
+    ID id = rb_intern(name);
 
-    id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
         module = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
         if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
@@ -1152,21 +1573,24 @@ rb_include_class_new(VALUE module, VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, rb_cClass);
 
-    RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(klass, RCLASS_M_TBL(module));
+    RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(klass, RCLASS_WRITABLE_M_TBL(module));
 
     RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, klass);
     if (BUILTIN_TYPE(module) == T_ICLASS) {
         module = METACLASS_OF(module);
     }
     RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_ICLASS));
-    if (!RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module)) {
-        RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+    if (RCLASS_WRITABLE_CONST_TBL(module)) {
+        RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(klass, RCLASS_WRITABLE_CONST_TBL(module), true);
+    }
+    else {
+        RCLASS_WRITE_CONST_TBL(module, rb_id_table_create(0), false);
+        RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(klass, RCLASS_WRITABLE_CONST_TBL(module), true);
     }
 
-    RCLASS_CVC_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(module);
-    RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
+    RCLASS_SET_CVC_TBL(klass, RCLASS_WRITABLE_CVC_TBL(module));
 
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
+    class_associate_super(klass, super, true);
     RBASIC_SET_CLASS(klass, module);
 
     return (VALUE)klass;
@@ -1179,7 +1603,7 @@ ensure_includable(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
 {
     rb_class_modify_check(klass);
     Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
-    rb_module_set_initialized(module);
+    rb_class_set_initialized(module);
     if (!NIL_P(rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(module))) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "refinement module is not allowed");
     }
@@ -1197,35 +1621,34 @@ rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic include detected");
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
-        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
-        // skip the placeholder subclass entry at the head of the list
-        if (iclass) {
-            RUBY_ASSERT(!iclass->klass);
-            iclass = iclass->next;
-        }
-
-        while (iclass) {
-            int do_include = 1;
-            VALUE check_class = iclass->klass;
-            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
-             * has not yet been swept. */
-            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(check_class)) {
-                while (check_class) {
-                    RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(check_class));
-
-                    if (RB_TYPE_P(check_class, T_ICLASS) &&
-                            (METACLASS_OF(check_class) == module)) {
-                        do_include = 0;
+        VALUE subs_v = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
+        if (subs_v) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)subs_v;
+            VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+                VALUE check_class = entries[i];
+                if (!check_class) continue;
+
+                int do_include = 1;
+                /* During lazy sweeping, the entry could be a dead object that
+                 * has not yet been swept. */
+                if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(check_class)) {
+                    VALUE walk = check_class;
+                    while (walk) {
+                        RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(walk));
+
+                        if (RB_TYPE_P(walk, T_ICLASS) &&
+                                (METACLASS_OF(walk) == module)) {
+                            do_include = 0;
+                        }
+                        walk = RCLASS_SUPER(walk);
                     }
-                    check_class = RCLASS_SUPER(check_class);
-                }
 
-                if (do_include) {
-                    include_modules_at(iclass->klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(iclass->klass), module, TRUE);
+                    if (do_include) {
+                        include_modules_at(check_class, RCLASS_ORIGIN(check_class), module, TRUE);
+                    }
                 }
             }
-
-            iclass = iclass->next;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1334,7 +1757,7 @@ do_include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super
 
         // setup T_ICLASS for the include/prepend module
         iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, super_class);
-        c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, iclass);
+        c = rb_class_set_super(c, iclass);
         RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(iclass, klass);
         if (module != RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)) {
             if (!origin_stack) origin_stack = rb_ary_hidden_new(2);
@@ -1343,8 +1766,8 @@ do_include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super
         }
         else if (origin_stack && (origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
                  RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == module) {
-            RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), iclass);
-            RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(iclass);
+            RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), iclass);
+            RICLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(iclass);
             rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
         }
 
@@ -1383,7 +1806,7 @@ move_refined_method(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 
     if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
         VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
-        struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+        struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_WRITABLE_M_TBL(klass);
 
         if (me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
             const rb_method_entry_t *orig_me = me->def->body.refined.orig_me, *new_me;
@@ -1425,10 +1848,15 @@ ensure_origin(VALUE klass)
     if (origin == klass) {
         origin = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, klass);
         RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(origin, RCLASS_M_TBL(klass));
-        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(origin, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
-        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, origin);
-        RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, origin);
-        RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
+        rb_class_set_super(origin, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
+        rb_class_set_super(klass, origin); // writes origin into RCLASS_SUPER(klass)
+        RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(klass, origin);
+
+        // RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN marks origin as an origin, so this is the first
+        // point that it sees M_TBL and may mark it
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(origin);
+
+        class_clear_method_table(klass);
         rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), cache_clear_refined_method, (void *)klass);
         rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), move_refined_method, (void *)klass);
         return true;
@@ -1453,35 +1881,32 @@ rb_prepend_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
         rb_vm_check_redefinition_by_prepend(klass);
     }
     if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
-        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
-        // skip the placeholder subclass entry at the head of the list if it exists
-        if (iclass) {
-            RUBY_ASSERT(!iclass->klass);
-            iclass = iclass->next;
-        }
-
+        VALUE subs_v = RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass);
         VALUE klass_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
         struct rb_id_table *klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
         struct rb_id_table *klass_origin_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass_origin);
-        while (iclass) {
-            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
-             * has not yet been swept. */
-            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(iclass->klass)) {
-                const VALUE subclass = iclass->klass;
-                if (klass_had_no_origin && klass_origin_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(subclass)) {
-                    // backfill an origin iclass to handle refinements and future prepends
-                    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(subclass), clear_module_cache_i, (void *)subclass);
-                    RCLASS_M_TBL(subclass) = klass_m_tbl;
-                    VALUE origin = rb_include_class_new(klass_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(subclass));
-                    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(subclass, origin);
-                    RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(origin, RCLASS_INCLUDER(subclass));
-                    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(subclass, origin);
-                    RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(origin);
+        if (subs_v) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)subs_v;
+            VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(subs_v);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+                const VALUE subclass = entries[i];
+                if (!subclass) continue;
+                /* During lazy sweeping, the entry could be a dead object that
+                 * has not yet been swept. */
+                if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(subclass)) {
+                    if (klass_had_no_origin && klass_origin_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(subclass)) {
+                        // backfill an origin iclass to handle refinements and future prepends
+                        rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(subclass), clear_module_cache_i, (void *)subclass);
+                        RCLASS_WRITE_M_TBL(subclass, klass_m_tbl);
+                        VALUE origin = rb_include_class_new(klass_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(subclass));
+                        rb_class_set_super(subclass, origin);
+                        RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(origin, RCLASS_INCLUDER(subclass));
+                        RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(subclass, origin);
+                        RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(origin);
+                    }
+                    include_modules_at(subclass, subclass, module, FALSE);
                 }
-                include_modules_at(subclass, subclass, module, FALSE);
             }
-
-            iclass = iclass->next;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1551,7 +1976,7 @@ rb_mod_include_p(VALUE mod, VALUE mod2)
 
     Check_Type(mod2, T_MODULE);
     for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(mod); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-        if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS && !FL_TEST(p, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN)) {
+        if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS && !RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN_P(p)) {
             if (METACLASS_OF(p) == mod2) return Qtrue;
         }
     }
@@ -1611,19 +2036,17 @@ class_descendants_recursive(VALUE klass, VALUE v)
 {
     struct subclass_traverse_data *data = (struct subclass_traverse_data *) v;
 
-    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_CLASS && !RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS)) return; // skip refinement ICLASSes
+
+    if (!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
         if (data->buffer && data->count < data->maxcount && !rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(klass)) {
             // assumes that this does not cause GC as long as the length does not exceed the capacity
             rb_ary_push(data->buffer, klass);
         }
         data->count++;
-        if (!data->immediate_only) {
-            rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_descendants_recursive, v);
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_descendants_recursive, v);
+        if (data->immediate_only) return;
     }
+    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_descendants_recursive, v);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2096,7 +2519,7 @@ rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     int recur = TRUE;
 
     if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) recur = RTEST(argv[0]);
-    if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(obj)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) && RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(obj)) {
         rb_singleton_class(obj);
     }
     klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
@@ -2222,7 +2645,7 @@ rb_special_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
  *       consistency of the metaclass hierarchy.
  */
 static VALUE
-singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
+singleton_class_of(VALUE obj, bool ensure_eigenclass)
 {
     VALUE klass;
 
@@ -2250,27 +2673,43 @@ singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
         }
     }
 
-    klass = METACLASS_OF(obj);
-    if (!(RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass) &&
-          RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(klass) == obj)) {
-        klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, klass);
+    bool needs_lock = rb_multi_ractor_p() && rb_ractor_shareable_p(obj);
+    unsigned int lev;
+    if (needs_lock) {
+        RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_LEV(&lev);
+    }
+    {
+        klass = METACLASS_OF(obj);
+        if (!(RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass) &&
+            RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(klass) == obj)) {
+            klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, klass);
+        }
+        RB_FL_SET_RAW(klass, RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(obj));
+        if (ensure_eigenclass && RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS)) {
+            /* ensures an exposed class belongs to its own eigenclass */
+            (void)ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(klass);
+        }
+    }
+    if (needs_lock) {
+        RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_LEV(&lev);
     }
-
-    RB_FL_SET_RAW(klass, RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(obj));
 
     return klass;
 }
 
 void
-rb_freeze_singleton_class(VALUE x)
-{
-    /* should not propagate to meta-meta-class, and so on */
-    if (!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(x)) {
-        VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(x);
-        if (klass && // no class when hidden from ObjectSpace
-            FL_TEST(klass, (FL_SINGLETON|FL_FREEZE)) == FL_SINGLETON) {
-            OBJ_FREEZE(klass);
-        }
+rb_freeze_singleton_class(VALUE attached_object)
+{
+    VALUE klass;
+
+    /* Freeze singleton classes of singleton class, as singleton class is frozen, and so on  */
+    /* In each iteration, check the current object's class pointer is the singleton class of the object. */
+    while ((klass = RBASIC_CLASS(attached_object)) &&
+                FL_TEST_RAW(klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
+                !OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(klass) &&
+                (RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(klass) == attached_object)) {
+        attached_object = klass;
+        OBJ_FREEZE(attached_object);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2298,12 +2737,7 @@ rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj)
 VALUE
 rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE klass = singleton_class_of(obj);
-
-    /* ensures an exposed class belongs to its own eigenclass */
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS)) (void)ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(klass);
-
-    return klass;
+    return singleton_class_of(obj, true);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -2321,7 +2755,7 @@ rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
 void
 rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_define_method(singleton_class_of(obj), name, func, argc);
+    rb_define_method(singleton_class_of(obj, false), name, func, argc);
 }
 
 #ifdef rb_define_module_function
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index 9e282bc8a7..916484a6fe 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ ECHO = @$(ECHO0)
 
 mflags = $(MFLAGS)
 gnumake_recursive =
+sequential = $(gnumake:yes=-sequential)
 enable_shared = $(ENABLE_SHARED:no=)
 
-UNICODE_VERSION = 15.0.0
+UNICODE_VERSION = 17.0.0
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_0 = $(UNICODE_VERSION)///
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_1 = $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_0:.0///=)
 UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION = $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_1:///=)
@@ -43,10 +44,14 @@ RUBYLIB       = $(PATH_SEPARATOR)
 RUBYOPT       = -
 RUN_OPTS      = --disable-gems
 
+GIT_IN_SRC    = $(GIT) -C $(srcdir)
+GIT_LOG       = $(GIT_IN_SRC) log --no-show-signature
+GIT_LOG_FORMAT = $(GIT_LOG) "--pretty=format:"
+
 # GITPULLOPTIONS = --no-tags
 
 PRISM_SRCDIR = $(srcdir)/prism
-INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(PRISM_SRCDIR) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR) $(incflags)
+INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(ext_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(PRISM_SRCDIR) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR) $(incflags)
 
 GEM_HOME =
 GEM_PATH =
@@ -64,13 +69,18 @@ LIBRUBY_EXTS  = ./.libruby-with-ext.time
 REVISION_H    = ./.revision.time
 PLATFORM_D    = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.$(PLATFORM_DIR).time
 ENC_TRANS_D   = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.enc-trans.time
-RDOC          = $(XRUBY) "$(tooldir)/rdoc-srcdir"
+yes_cross_compiling = $(CROSS_COMPILING:no=)
+X_$(CROSS_COMPILING:yes=)BASERUBY = $(BASERUBY)
+X_$(CROSS_COMPILING:no=)BASERUBY = $(XRUBY)
+RDOC          = $(X_BASERUBY) --enable-gems "$(tooldir)/rdoc-srcdir"
 RDOCOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/rdoc
 HTMLOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/html
 CAPIOUT       = doc/capi
 INSTALL_DOC_OPTS = --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)" --html-output="$(HTMLOUT)"
 RDOC_GEN_OPTS = --no-force-update \
+	--exclude '^lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require\.rb$$' \
 	$(empty)
+RDOC_SERVER_PORT = 4000
 
 INITOBJS      = dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)
 NORMALMAINOBJ = main.$(OBJEXT)
@@ -84,39 +94,54 @@ MAKE_ENC      = -f $(ENC_MK) V="$(V)" UNICODE_HDR_DIR="$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)" \
 
 PRISM_BUILD_DIR = prism
 
-PRISM_FILES = prism/api_node.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/api_pack.$(OBJEXT) \
+LIBPRISM_OBJS = \
+		prism/arena.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/buffer.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/char.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/constant_pool.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/diagnostic.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/encoding.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/extension.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/integer.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/json.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/line_offset_list.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/list.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/memchr.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/node.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/options.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/pack.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/parser.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/prettyprint.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/prism.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/regexp.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/serialize.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/source.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism/static_literals.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/token_type.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_buffer.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_char.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_constant_pool.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_integer.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_list.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_memchr.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_newline_list.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_string.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_strncasecmp.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/util/pm_strpbrk.$(OBJEXT) \
-		prism/prism.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/string_query.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/stringy.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/strncasecmp.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/strpbrk.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/tokens.$(OBJEXT)
+
+EXTPRISM_OBJS = prism/api_node.$(OBJEXT) \
+		prism/extension.$(OBJEXT) \
 		prism_init.$(OBJEXT)
 
-COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
+PRISM_OBJS = $(LIBPRISM_OBJS) $(EXTPRISM_OBJS)
+
+# Prism objects depend on generated headers that are created from templates.
+# This must be declared here to ensure parallel builds don't compile prism
+# sources before the generated headers exist.
+$(LIBPRISM_OBJS): $(srcdir)/prism/ast.h $(srcdir)/prism/internal/diagnostic.h
+
+COMMONOBJS    = \
+		array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ast.$(OBJEXT) \
 		bignum.$(OBJEXT) \
+		box.$(OBJEXT) \
 		class.$(OBJEXT) \
 		compar.$(OBJEXT) \
 		compile.$(OBJEXT) \
 		complex.$(OBJEXT) \
+		concurrent_set.$(OBJEXT) \
 		cont.$(OBJEXT) \
 		debug.$(OBJEXT) \
 		debug_counter.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -130,8 +155,8 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		file.$(OBJEXT) \
 		gc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		hash.$(OBJEXT) \
-		inits.$(OBJEXT) \
 		imemo.$(OBJEXT) \
+		inits.$(OBJEXT) \
 		io.$(OBJEXT) \
 		io_buffer.$(OBJEXT) \
 		iseq.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -144,6 +169,7 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		numeric.$(OBJEXT) \
 		object.$(OBJEXT) \
 		pack.$(OBJEXT) \
+		pathname.$(OBJEXT) \
 		parse.$(OBJEXT) \
 		parser_st.$(OBJEXT) \
 		proc.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -162,6 +188,7 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ruby.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ruby_parser.$(OBJEXT) \
 		scheduler.$(OBJEXT) \
+		set.$(OBJEXT) \
 		shape.$(OBJEXT) \
 		signal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		sprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -182,98 +209,23 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm_sync.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm_trace.$(OBJEXT) \
 		weakmap.$(OBJEXT) \
-		$(PRISM_FILES) \
+		$(PRISM_OBJS) \
 		$(YJIT_OBJ) \
-		$(YJIT_LIBOBJ) \
+		$(ZJIT_OBJ) \
+		$(JIT_OBJ) \
+		$(RUST_LIBOBJ) \
 		$(COROUTINE_OBJ) \
 		$(DTRACE_OBJ) \
 		$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS) \
 		$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS) \
 		$(MISSING)
 
-$(PRISM_FILES): $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/.time $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/util/.time
+$(PRISM_OBJS): $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/.time $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/util/.time
 
 $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/.time $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/util/.time:
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
 	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/compiler.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/compiler.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/compiler.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/compiler.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/compiler.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/compiler.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dispatcher.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dispatcher.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/dispatcher.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/dispatcher.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/dispatcher.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dispatcher.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dsl.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dsl.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/dsl.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/dsl.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/dsl.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/dsl.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/inspect_visitor.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/node.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/node.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/node.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/node.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/node.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/node.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/reflection.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/reflection.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/reflection.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/reflection.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/reflection.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/reflection.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/serialize.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/serialize.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/serialize.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/serialize.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/serialize.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/serialize.rb
-
-main: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/visitor.rb
-srcs: $(srcdir)/lib/prism/visitor.rb
-$(srcdir)/lib/prism/visitor.rb: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/lib/prism/visitor.rb.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb lib/prism/visitor.rb $(srcdir)/lib/prism/visitor.rb
-
-srcs: prism/api_node.c
-prism/api_node.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/ext/prism/api_node.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb ext/prism/api_node.c $@
-
-srcs: prism/ast.h
-prism/ast.h: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/include/prism/ast.h.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb include/prism/ast.h $@
-
-srcs: prism/diagnostic.c
-prism/diagnostic.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/src/diagnostic.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb src/diagnostic.c $@
-
-srcs: prism/diagnostic.h
-prism/diagnostic.h: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/include/prism/diagnostic.h.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb include/prism/diagnostic.h $@
-
-srcs: prism/node.c
-prism/node.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/src/node.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb src/node.c $@
-
-srcs: prism/prettyprint.c
-prism/prettyprint.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/src/prettyprint.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb src/prettyprint.c $@
-
-srcs: prism/serialize.c
-prism/serialize.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/src/serialize.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb src/serialize.c $@
-
-srcs: prism/token_type.c
-prism/token_type.c: $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/config.yml $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/src/token_type.c.erb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/templates/template.rb src/token_type.c $@
-
 EXPORTOBJS    = $(DLNOBJ) \
 		localeinit.$(OBJEXT) \
 		loadpath.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -333,14 +285,18 @@ MAKE_LINK = $(MINIRUBY) -rfileutils -e "include FileUtils::Verbose" \
 
 # For release builds
 YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = --crate-name=yjit \
-	--crate-type=staticlib \
+	$(JIT_RUST_FLAGS) \
+	$(RUSTC_FLAGS) \
 	--edition=2021 \
-	-g \
-	-C lto=thin \
-	-C opt-level=3 \
-	-C overflow-checks=on \
 	'--out-dir=$(CARGO_TARGET_DIR)/release/' \
-	$(top_srcdir)/yjit/src/lib.rs
+	'$(top_srcdir)/yjit/src/lib.rs'
+
+ZJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = --crate-name=zjit \
+	$(JIT_RUST_FLAGS) \
+	$(RUSTC_FLAGS) \
+	--edition=2024 \
+	'--out-dir=$(CARGO_TARGET_DIR)/release/' \
+	'$(top_srcdir)/zjit/src/lib.rs'
 
 all: $(SHOWFLAGS) main
 
@@ -366,6 +322,7 @@ showflags:
 	"	MFLAGS = $(MFLAGS)" \
 	"	RUSTC = $(RUSTC)" \
 	"	YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = $(YJIT_RUSTC_ARGS)" \
+	"	ZJIT_RUSTC_ARGS = $(ZJIT_RUSTC_ARGS)" \
 	$(MESSAGE_END)
 	-@$(CC_VERSION)
 
@@ -390,12 +347,14 @@ $(EXTS_MK): ext/configure-ext.mk $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl \
 	    $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl --gnumake=$(gnumake) --configure-exts=ext/configure-ext.mk
 
 ext/configure-ext.mk: $(PREP) all-incs $(MKFILES) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY) \
-		$(srcdir)/template/configure-ext.mk.tmpl
+		$(srcdir)/template/configure-ext.mk.tmpl update-default-gemspecs \
+		$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=extract-gems)
 	$(ECHO) generating makefiles $@
 	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
 	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
 	    $(srcdir)/template/$(@F).tmpl --srcdir="$(srcdir)" \
-	    --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)" --script-args='$(SCRIPT_ARGS)'
+	    --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)" --script-args='$(SCRIPT_ARGS)' \
+	    $(yes_cross_compiling:yes=--without-ext=-test-)
 
 configure-ext: $(EXTS_MK)
 
@@ -474,17 +433,19 @@ docs: srcs-doc $(DOCTARGETS)
 pkgconfig-data: $(ruby_pc)
 $(ruby_pc): $(srcdir)/template/ruby.pc.in config.status
 
+INSTALL_ALL = all
+
 install-all: pre-install-all do-install-all post-install-all
 pre-install-all:: all pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem pre-install-doc
 do-install-all: pre-install-all $(DOT_WAIT) docs
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=$(INSTALL_ALL) $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-install-all:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem post-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-nodoc: pre-install-nodoc do-install-nodoc post-install-nodoc
 pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem
 do-install-nodoc: main pre-install-nodoc
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all --exclude=doc
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=$(INSTALL_ALL) --exclude=doc
 post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem
 
 install-local: pre-install-local do-install-local post-install-local
@@ -559,7 +520,7 @@ what-where-all: no-install-all
 no-install-all: pre-no-install-all dont-install-all post-no-install-all
 pre-no-install-all:: pre-no-install-local pre-no-install-ext pre-no-install-doc
 dont-install-all: $(PROGRAM)
-	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
+	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=$(INSTALL_ALL) $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-no-install-all:: post-no-install-local post-no-install-ext post-no-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -666,23 +627,33 @@ post-install-dbg::
 
 srcs-doc: prepare-gems
 
-rdoc: PHONY main srcs-doc
+RDOC_DEPENDS = main srcs-doc
+rdoc: PHONY $(RDOC_DEPENDS) $(RBCONFIG) update-default-gemspecs
 	@echo Generating RDoc documentation
 	$(Q) $(RDOC) --ri --op "$(RDOCOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) .
 
-html: PHONY main srcs-doc
+html: PHONY $(RDOC_DEPENDS) $(RBCONFIG) update-default-gemspecs
 	@echo Generating RDoc HTML files
 	$(Q) $(RDOC) --op "$(HTMLOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) .
 
-rdoc-coverage: PHONY main srcs-doc
+html-server: PHONY $(RDOC_DEPENDS) $(RBCONFIG)
+	@echo Starting RDoc server with live reload
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --server=$(RDOC_SERVER_PORT) $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) .
+
+RDOC_COVERAGE_EXCLUDES = -x ^ext/json -x ^ext/openssl -x ^ext/psych \
+	-x ^lib/bundler -x ^lib/rubygems \
+	-x ^lib/did_you_mean -x ^lib/error_highlight -x ^lib/syntax_suggest
+
+rdoc-coverage: PHONY $(RDOC_DEPENDS) $(RBCONFIG)
 	@echo Generating RDoc coverage report
-	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) $(RDOC_COVERAGE_EXCLUDES) .
 
-undocumented: PHONY main srcs-doc
-	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)" | \
+undocumented: PHONY $(RDOC_DEPENDS) $(RBCONFIG)
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) $(RDOC_COVERAGE_EXCLUDES) . | \
 	sed -n \
 	-e '/^ *# in file /{' -e 's///;N;s/\n/: /p' -e '}' \
-	-e 's/^ *\(.*[^ ]\) *# in file \(.*\)/\2: \1/p' | sort
+	-e 's/^ *\(.*[^ ]\) *# in file \(.*\)/\2: \1/p' | \
+	sort -t: -k1,1 -k2n,2
 
 RDOCBENCHOUT=/tmp/rdocbench
 
@@ -711,16 +682,20 @@ install-prereq: $(CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST) yes-fake sudo-precheck PHONY
 clear-installed-list: PHONY
 	@> $(INSTALLED_LIST) set MAKE="$(MAKE)"
 
+noarch_config_h = tmp/include/noarch/ruby/config.h
+
 clean: clean-ext clean-enc clean-golf clean-docs clean-extout clean-modular-gc clean-local clean-platform clean-spec
 clean-local:: clean-runnable
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(ALLOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
 	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc) $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
 	$(Q)$(RM) probes.h probes.$(OBJEXT) probes.stamp ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT) ruby.imp ChangeLog $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT)
-	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb bisect.sh $(ENC_TRANS_D) builtin_binary.inc
+	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb bisect.sh $(ENC_TRANS_D) builtin_binary.rbbin
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/.time $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/*/.time yjit_exit_locations.dump
-	-$(Q)$(RMALL) yjit/target
-	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine yjit \
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(noarch_config_h)
+	-$(Q)$(RMALL) dump_ast$(BUILD_EXEEXT)*
+	-$(Q)$(RMALL) target
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine target \
 	  $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR)/*/ $(PRISM_BUILD_DIR) tmp \
 	2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -751,7 +726,8 @@ distclean-local:: clean-local
 	$(Q)$(RM) config.cache config.status config.status.lineno
 	$(Q)$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out $(PREP)
 	-$(Q)$(RMALL) $(srcdir)/autom4te.cache
-distclean-ext:: PHONY
+distclean-local:: distclean-srcs-local
+distclean-ext:: distclean-srcs-ext
 distclean-golf: clean-golf
 distclean-rdoc: clean-rdoc
 distclean-html: clean-html
@@ -766,6 +742,7 @@ realclean:: realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean
 realclean-local:: distclean-local realclean-srcs-local
 
 clean-srcs:: clean-srcs-local clean-srcs-ext
+distclean-srcs:: distclean-srcs-local distclean-srcs-ext
 realclean-srcs:: realclean-srcs-local realclean-srcs-ext
 
 clean-srcs-local::
@@ -773,14 +750,18 @@ clean-srcs-local::
 	$(Q)$(RM) id.c id.h probes.dmyh probes.h
 	$(Q)$(RM) encdb.h transdb.h verconf.h ruby-runner.h
 
-realclean-srcs-local:: clean-srcs-local
+distclean-srcs-local:: clean-srcs-local
+
+realclean-srcs-local:: distclean-srcs-local
 	$(Q)$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(RM) \
 	  parse.c parse.h lex.c enc/trans/newline.c $(PRELUDES) revision.h \
-	  id.c id.h probes.dmyh configure aclocal.m4 tool/config.guess tool/config.sub gems/*.gem \
+	  id.c id.h probes.dmyh configure aclocal.m4 tool/config.guess tool/config.sub \
+	  $(PRISM_SRCDIR)/srcs.mk gems/*.gem \
 	|| $(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-srcs-ext::
-realclean-srcs-ext:: clean-srcs-ext
+distclean-srcs-ext:: clean-srcs-ext
+realclean-srcs-ext:: distclean-srcs-ext
 
 realclean-ext:: PHONY
 realclean-golf: distclean-golf
@@ -808,7 +789,7 @@ timestamp/distclean:: ext/distclean .bundle/distclean
 timestamp/realclean:: ext/realclean .bundle/realclean
 
 timestamp/clean timestamp/distclean timestamp/realclean::
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
 	$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch) $(TIMESTAMPDIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-ext::
@@ -840,9 +821,19 @@ clean-capi distclean-capi realclean-capi:
 
 clean-platform distclean-platform realclean-platform:
 	$(Q) $(RM) $(PLATFORM_D)
-	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) $(TIMESTAMPDIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT = spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_SRCDIR = $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_DEPS = $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_SRCDIR)/rubyspec.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal/abi.h $(LIBRUBY)
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_BUILD = $(enable_shared:yes=rubyspec-capiext)
+
+yes-rubyspec-capiext: build-ext
+	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
+rubyspec-capiext: build-ext $(DOT_WAIT) yes-rubyspec-capiext $(DOT_WAIT)
+	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
+# make-dependent rules should be included after this and built after build-ext.
+
 clean-spec: PHONY
 	-$(Q) $(RM) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(OBJEXT) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(DLEXT)
 	-$(Q) $(RMDIRS) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
@@ -875,6 +866,12 @@ $(arch:noarch=ignore)-fake.rb: $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in $(tooldir)/generic_
 	    i=- srcdir="$(srcdir)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)" \
 	    LIBPATHENV="$(LIBPATHENV)" PRELOADENV="$(PRELOADENV)" LIBRUBY_SO="$(LIBRUBY_SO)"
 
+# dummy file for generating sources; $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h with prereq.status.
+$(noarch_config_h):
+	$(ECHO) generating dummy config.h
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(TOUCH) $@
+
 noarch-fake.rb: # prerequisite of yes-fake
 	$(Q) exit > $@
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ no-test-testframework: PHONY
 test-tool: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-tool
 yes-test-tool: prog PHONY
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
-	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS)
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS)
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 no-test-tool: PHONY
 
@@ -941,7 +938,7 @@ test: test-short
 # Separate to skip updating encs and exts by `make -o test-precheck`
 # for GNU make.
 test-precheck: $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs exts PHONY $(DOT_WAIT)
-yes-test-all-precheck: programs $(DOT_WAIT) test-precheck
+yes-test-all-precheck: programs $(DOT_WAIT) test-precheck yes-fake
 
 PRECHECK_TEST_ALL = yes-test-all-precheck
 
@@ -978,24 +975,20 @@ rbconfig.rb: $(RBCONFIG)
 
 $(HAVE_BASERUBY:no=)$(RBCONFIG)$(HAVE_BASERUBY:no=): $(PREP)
 $(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h $(srcdir)/common.mk
-	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) -n \
-	-e 'BEGIN{version=ARGV.shift;mis=ARGV.dup}' \
-	-e 'END{abort "UNICODE version mismatch: #{mis}" unless mis.empty?}' \
-	-e '(mis.delete(ARGF.path); ARGF.close) if /ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING +"#{Regexp.quote(version)}"/o' \
-	$(UNICODE_VERSION) $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+$(RBCONFIG):
 	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb \
 		-arch=$(arch) -version=$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) \
 		-install_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) \
 		-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) \
 		-unicode_version=$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
 		-unicode_emoji_version=$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) \
-	> rbconfig.tmp
-	$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" rbconfig.rb rbconfig.tmp
+	| $(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" rbconfig.rb -
 
 test-rubyspec: test-spec
 yes-test-rubyspec: yes-test-spec
 
-yes-test-spec-precheck: yes-test-all-precheck yes-fake
+yes-test-spec-precheck: yes-test-all-precheck $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_BUILD)
 
 test-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-spec
 yes-test-spec: yes-test-spec-precheck
@@ -1045,8 +1038,11 @@ $(ENC_MK): $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc
 .PHONY: test install install-nodoc install-doc dist
 .PHONY: loadpath golf capi rdoc install-prereq clear-installed-list
 .PHONY: clean clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-html clean-extout
+.PHONY: clean-srcs clean-srcs-local clean-srcs-ext
 .PHONY: distclean distclean-ext distclean-local distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-extout
+.PHONY: distclean-srcs distclean-srcs-local distclean-srcs-ext
 .PHONY: realclean realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean-extout
+.PHONY: realclean-srcs realclean-srcs-local realclean-srcs-ext
 .PHONY: exam check test test-short test-all btest btest-ruby test-basic test-knownbug
 .PHONY: run runruby parse benchmark gdb gdb-ruby
 .PHONY: update-mspec update-rubyspec test-rubyspec test-spec
@@ -1162,7 +1158,7 @@ $(NEWLINE_C): $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans $(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) "$(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb" -vo $@ $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): $(NEWLINE_C)
 
-verconf.h: $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(RBCONFIG)
+verconf.h: $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb rbconfig.rb
 	$(ECHO) creating $@
 	$(Q) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl
 
@@ -1181,10 +1177,12 @@ $(srcs_vpath)insns.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb $(inc_common_head
 $(srcs_vpath)insns_info.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
   $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb \
   $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb \
-  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_comptime_insn_stack_increase.erb
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_comptime_insn_stack_increase.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_zjit_helpers.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_leaf_info.erb
 $(srcs_vpath)vmtc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
 $(srcs_vpath)vm.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
-  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_zjit_instruction.erb
 
 BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
 		$(srcdir)/ast.rb \
@@ -1199,6 +1197,7 @@ BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
 		$(srcdir)/array.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/hash.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/kernel.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/pathname_builtin.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/ractor.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/symbol.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/timev.rb \
@@ -1206,8 +1205,10 @@ BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
 		$(srcdir)/nilclass.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/prelude.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/gem_prelude.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/jit_hook.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/jit_undef.rb \
 		$(srcdir)/yjit.rb \
-		$(srcdir)/yjit_hook.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/zjit.rb \
 		$(empty)
 BUILTIN_RB_INCS = $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS:.rb=.rbinc)
 
@@ -1258,7 +1259,6 @@ incs: $(INSNS) {$(VPATH)}node_name.inc {$(VPATH)}known_errors.inc \
       {$(VPATH)}vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc $(srcdir)/revision.h \
       $(REVISION_H) \
       $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS) $(ENC_HEADERS) \
-      $(srcs_vpath)prism/ast.h $(srcs_vpath)prism/diagnostic.h \
       {$(VPATH)}id.h {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 
 insns: $(INSNS)
@@ -1321,21 +1321,36 @@ preludes: {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 
 {$(srcdir)}.rb.rbbin:
 	$(ECHO) making $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_rbbin.rb $< > $@
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_rbbin.rb $(SRC_FILE) > $(OS_DEST_FILE)
 
-{$(srcdir)}.rb.rbinc:
+{$(srcdir)}.rb.$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=)rbinc:
 	$(ECHO) making $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_builtin_loader.rb $<
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_builtin_loader.rb $(DUMP_AST) $(SRC_FILE)
 
-$(BUILTIN_BINARY:yes=built)in_binary.inc: $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS) $(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl
+$(BUILTIN_BINARY:yes=built)in_binary.rbbin: $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS) $(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.rbbin.tmpl
 	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ \
-		$(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl
+		$(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.rbbin.tmpl
 	-$(Q) sha256sum $@ 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
-$(BUILTIN_BINARY:no=builtin)_binary.inc:
+$(BUILTIN_BINARY:no=builtin)_binary.rbbin:
 	$(Q) echo> $@ // empty $(@F)
 
-$(BUILTIN_RB_INCS): $(top_srcdir)/tool/mk_builtin_loader.rb
+$(BUILTIN_RB_INCS): $(tooldir)/mk_builtin_loader.rb $(DUMP_AST_TARGET)
+
+dump_ast$(BUILD_EXEEXT): $(tooldir)/dump_ast.c $(LIBPRISM_OBJS)
+	$(ECHO) compiling $@
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $(INCFLAGS) $(tooldir)/dump_ast.c $(LIBPRISM_OBJS)
+
+build-tool/Makefile: $(tooldir)/dump_ast.mkmf.rb prism-srcs prism-incs
+	+$(BASERUBY) -s $(tooldir)/dump_ast.mkmf.rb "-INCFLAGS=$(INCFLAGS)" "-make=$(MAKE)" build-tool $(tooldir)/dump_ast.c dump_ast.$(OBJEXT) $(LIBPRISM_OBJS)
+
+build-tool/dump_ast$(BUILD_EXEEXT): build-tool/Makefile
+	cd build-tool && MAKEFLAGS= MFLAGS= && unset MAKEFLAGS MFLAGS && $(MAKE)
+
+clean-local:: clean-build-tool
+clean-build-tool:
+	- cd build-tool && $(MAKE) clean 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+	- $(RMDIR) build-tool
 
 $(srcdir)/revision.h$(no_baseruby:no=~disabled~): $(REVISION_H)
 
@@ -1347,9 +1362,15 @@ $(REVISION_H)$(yes_baseruby:yes=~disabled~):
 # uncommon.mk: $(REVISION_H)
 # $(MKFILES): $(REVISION_H)
 
+# $(common_mk_includes) is set by config.status or GNUmakefile
+common_mk__$(gnumake:yes=artifact)_ = uncommon.mk
+common_mk_$(gnumake)_artifact_ = $(MKFILES)
+$(common_mk__artifact_): $(srcdir)/common.mk $(common_mk_includes)
+
 ripper_srcs: $(RIPPER_SRCS)
 
 $(RIPPER_SRCS): $(srcdir)/parse.y $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
+$(RIPPER_SRCS): $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/depend $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/extconf.rb
 $(RIPPER_SRCS): $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/tools/preproc.rb $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/tools/dsl.rb
 $(RIPPER_SRCS): $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper_init.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/eventids2.c
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
@@ -1400,8 +1421,8 @@ run: yes-fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
 runruby: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
 	RUBY_ON_BUG='gdb -x $(srcdir)/.gdbinit -p' $(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
-runirb: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	RUBY_ON_BUG='gdb -x $(srcdir)/.gdbinit -p' $(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) -r irb -e 'IRB.start("make runirb")' $(RUNOPT)
+runirb: $(PROGRAM) update-default-gemspecs
+	RUBY_ON_BUG='gdb -x $(srcdir)/.gdbinit -p' $(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) -rrubygems -r irb -e 'IRB.start("make runirb")' $(RUNOPT)
 
 parse: yes-fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
 	$(BTESTRUBY) --dump=parsetree_with_comment,insns $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
@@ -1469,7 +1490,7 @@ dist:
 up:: update-remote
 
 up$(DOT_WAIT)::
-	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE= after-update
+	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE= MINIRUBY=$(BASERUBY) after-update
 
 yes::
 no::
@@ -1478,6 +1499,7 @@ after-update:: common-srcs
 after-update:: $(REVISION_H)
 after-update:: extract-extlibs
 after-update:: extract-gems
+after-update:: update-default-gemspecs
 
 update-src::
 	$(Q) $(RM) $(REVISION_H) revision.h "$(srcdir)/$(REVISION_H)" "$(srcdir)/revision.h"
@@ -1500,15 +1522,21 @@ update-coverage: main PHONY
 		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "simplecov"
 
 refresh-gems: update-bundled_gems prepare-gems
+# can't recall exactly, but `make` somewhere (not GNU or nmake)
+# couldn't handle spaces in replacement strings; i.e.,
+# `$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=word word ...)` didn't work.
 prepare-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems) $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=extract-gems)
-extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems)
+extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems) $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=outdate-bundled-gems)
+update-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=outdate-bundled-gems)
 
-update-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
+split_option = -F"\s+|$(HASH_SIGN).*"
+
+update-gems$(sequential): PHONY
 	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem files...
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
-	    -I./tool -rdownloader -answ \
+	    -I./tool -rdownloader $(split_option) -answ \
 	    -e 'gem, ver = *$$F' \
-	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver' \
 	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("gems/#{gem}-*.gem")' \
 	    -e 'gem = "#{gem}-#{ver}.gem"' \
 	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, "gems", nil) and' \
@@ -1517,13 +1545,13 @@ update-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
 	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})' \
 	    gems/bundled_gems
 
-extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
+extract-gems$(sequential): PHONY
 	$(ECHO) Extracting bundled gem files...
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
-	    -Itool/lib -rfileutils -rbundled_gem -answ \
+	    -Itool/lib -rfileutils -rbundled_gem $(split_option) -answ \
 	    -e 'BEGIN {d = ".bundle/gems"}' \
 	    -e 'gem, ver, _, rev = *$$F' \
-	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver' \
 	    -e 'g = "#{gem}-#{ver}"' \
 	    -e 'unless File.directory?("#{d}/#{g}")' \
 	    -e   'if rev and File.exist?(gs = "gems/src/#{gem}/#{gem}.gemspec")' \
@@ -1533,20 +1561,9 @@ extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): PHONY
 	    -e 'end' \
 	    gems/bundled_gems
 
-extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-sequential): $(HAVE_GIT:yes=clone-bundled-gems-src)
-
-clone-bundled-gems-src: PHONY
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
-	    -Itool/lib -rbundled_gem -answ \
-	    -e 'BEGIN {git = $$git}' \
-	    -e 'gem, _, repo, rev = *$$F' \
-	    -e 'next if !rev or /^#/=~gem' \
-	    -e 'gemdir = "gems/src/#{gem}"' \
-	    -e 'BundledGem.checkout(gemdir, repo, rev, git: git)' \
-	    -e 'BundledGem.dummy_gemspec("#{gemdir}/#{gem}.gemspec")' \
-	    -- -git="$(GIT)" \
-	    gems/bundled_gems
+extract-gems$(sequential): $(HAVE_GIT:yes=clone-bundled-gems-src)
 
+flush-gems: outdate-bundled-gems
 outdate-bundled-gems: PHONY
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/$@.rb --make="$(MAKE)" --mflags="$(MFLAGS)" \
 	--ruby-platform=$(arch) --ruby-version=$(ruby_version) \
@@ -1557,35 +1574,21 @@ update-bundled_gems: PHONY
 	     $(tooldir)/update-bundled_gems.rb \
 	     "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" | \
 	$(IFCHANGE) "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" -
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code || \
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" commit -m "Update bundled_gems" gems/bundled_gems
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code || \
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) commit -m "Update bundled_gems" gems/bundled_gems
 
 PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS = yes
 test-bundled-gems-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-precheck
 yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck: $(PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS:yes=main)
 no-test-bundled-gems-precheck:
 
-update-default-gemspecs: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-update-default-gemspecs
-no-update-default-gemspecs:
-yes-update-default-gemspecs: $(PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS:yes=main)
+yes-update-default-gemspecs no-update-default-gemspecs: update-default-gemspecs
+update-default-gemspecs: $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG)
 	@$(MAKEDIRS) $(srcdir)/.bundle/specifications
-	@$(XRUBY) -W0 -C "$(srcdir)" -rrubygems \
-	    -e "destdir = ARGV.shift" \
-	    -e "ARGV.each do |basedir|" \
-	    -e   "Dir.glob(basedir+'/**/*.gemspec') do |g|" \
-	    -e     "dir, base = File.split(g)" \
-	    -e     "spec = Dir.chdir(dir) {Gem::Specification.load(base)} ||" \
-	    -e         "Gem::Specification.load(g)" \
-	    -e     "unless spec" \
-	    -e       "puts %[Ignoring #{g}]" \
-	    -e       "next" \
-	    -e     "end" \
-	    -e     "spec.files.clear" \
-	    -e     "spec.extensions.clear" \
-	    -e     "File.binwrite(File.join(destdir, spec.full_name+'.gemspec'), spec.to_ruby)" \
-	    -e   "end" \
-	    -e "end" \
-	    -- .bundle/specifications lib ext
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) -W0 -C "$(srcdir)" -I tool/lib -roptparse -routput -rbundled_gem \
+	    -e "(out = Output.new).def_options(ARGV.options)" \
+	    -e "BundledGem.update_default_gemspecs(ARGV.parse!, out, quiet: $(V).zero?)" \
+	    -- -c -o .bundle/specifications lib ext
 
 install-for-test-bundled-gems: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-install-for-test-bundled-gems
 no-install-for-test-bundled-gems: no-update-default-gemspecs
@@ -1593,11 +1596,15 @@ yes-install-for-test-bundled-gems: yes-update-default-gemspecs
 	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" -r./tool/lib/gem_env.rb bin/gem \
 		install --no-document --conservative \
 		"hoe" "json-schema:5.1.0" "test-unit-rr" "simplecov" "simplecov-html" "simplecov-json" "rspec" "zeitwerk" \
-		"sinatra" "rack" "tilt" "mustermann" "base64" "compact_index" "rack-test" "logger" "kpeg" "tracer"
+		"sinatra" "rack" "tilt" "mustermann" "base64" "compact_index" "rack-test" "logger" "kpeg" "tracer" "minitest-mock"
 
 test-bundled-gems-fetch: yes-test-bundled-gems-fetch
-yes-test-bundled-gems-fetch:
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir)/gems ../tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb BUNDLED_GEMS="$(BUNDLED_GEMS)" src bundled_gems
+yes-test-bundled-gems-fetch: clone-bundled-gems-src
+clone-bundled-gems-src: PHONY $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/bundled-gems-src.time
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/bundled-gems-src.time: $(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb BUNDLED_GEMS="$(BUNDLED_GEMS)" gems/src gems/bundled_gems
+	$(Q) $(TOUCH) $@
 no-test-bundled-gems-fetch:
 
 test-bundled-gems-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-prepare
@@ -1631,7 +1638,7 @@ yes-test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 no-test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 
 test-bundled-gems-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-spec
-yes-test-bundled-gems-spec: yes-test-spec-precheck $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
+yes-test-bundled-gems-spec: yes-test-all-precheck $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
 	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) \
 	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake -r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
@@ -1645,6 +1652,11 @@ test-syntax-suggest:
 
 check: $(DOT_WAIT) $(PREPARE_SYNTAX_SUGGEST) test-syntax-suggest
 
+RAKER = $(XRUBY) -I$(srcdir)/gems/lib$(PATH_SEPARATOR)$(srcdir)/.bundle/lib \
+	-rrubygems $(srcdir)/.bundle/bin/rake
+rake:
+	$(RAKER) $(RAKE_OPTS) $(RAKE)
+
 test-bundler-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-precheck
 no-test-bundler-precheck:
 yes-test-bundler-precheck: main $(arch)-fake.rb
@@ -1654,12 +1666,8 @@ test-bundler-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-prepare
 no-test-bundler-prepare: no-test-bundler-precheck
 yes-test-bundler-prepare: yes-test-bundler-precheck
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
-	$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ilib \
-		-e 'ENV["GEM_HOME"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"] = File.expand_path(".bundle")' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_PATH__SYSTEM"] = "true"' \
-		-e 'ENV["BUNDLE_WITHOUT"] = "lint doc"' \
-		-e 'load "spec/bundler/support/bundle.rb"' -- install --quiet --gemfile=tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb
+	$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ilib -r./tool/lib/bundle_env.rb \
+		spec/bin/bundle install --quiet --gemfile=tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb
 	$(ACTIONS_ENDGROUP)
 
 RSPECOPTS = -r formatter_overrides
@@ -1667,10 +1675,12 @@ BUNDLER_SPECS =
 PREPARE_BUNDLER = $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-prepare
 test-bundler: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler
 yes-test-bundler: $(PREPARE_BUNDLER)
-	$(gnumake_recursive)$(XRUBY) \
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(XRUBY) --enable-gems \
 		-r./$(arch)-fake \
-		-e "exec(*ARGV)" -- \
-		$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler -Ispec/lib .bundle/bin/rspec \
+		-r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
+		-I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler -I$(srcdir)/spec/lib \
+		-e "Dir.chdir(ARGV.shift); load('spec/bin/rspec')" \
+		-s -- -no-report-tmpdir -- "$(srcdir)" \
 		-r spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
 no-test-bundler:
 
@@ -1679,11 +1689,13 @@ test-bundler-parallel: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-parallel
 yes-test-bundler-parallel: $(PREPARE_BUNDLER)
 	$(gnumake_recursive)$(XRUBY) \
 		-r./$(arch)-fake \
+		-r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
 		-I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler \
 		-e "ruby = ENV['RUBY']" \
 		-e "ARGV[-1] = File.expand_path(ARGV[-1])" \
-		-e "ENV['PARALLEL_TESTS_EXECUTABLE'] = ruby + ARGV.shift" \
+		-e "ENV['RSPEC_EXECUTABLE'] = ruby + ARGV.shift" \
 		-e "load ARGV.shift" \
+		-s -- -no-report-tmpdir -- \
 		" -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler -Ispec/lib .bundle/bin/rspec -r spec_helper" \
 		$(srcdir)/spec/bin/parallel_rspec $(RSPECOPTS) \
 		$(PARALLELRSPECOPTS) $(srcdir)/spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
@@ -1706,7 +1718,7 @@ UNICODE_FILES = $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/SpecialCasing.txt \
 		$(empty)
 
-UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES =  \
+UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES = \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Blocks.txt \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedAge.txt \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
@@ -1716,7 +1728,7 @@ UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES =  \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Scripts.txt \
 		$(empty)
 
-UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES =  \
+UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES = \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.txt \
 		$(empty)
@@ -1757,34 +1769,50 @@ UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD = \
 UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD = \
 	$(UNICODE_DOWNLOADER) \
 	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) \
-	    -p emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION)
+	    -p $(UNICODE_VERSION)/emoji
 
-update-unicode-files: $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
-$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES):
+update-unicode-files:
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data and property files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
 
-update-unicode-auxiliary-files: $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
-$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES):
+update-unicode-auxiliary-files:
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) auxiliary files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
 
-update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files: $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES)
-$(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES):
+update-unicode-ucd-emoji-files:
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode UCD emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/emoji"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES)
 
-update-unicode-emoji-files: $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
-$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES):
+update-unicode-emoji-files:
 	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)"
 	$(Q) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
 
-$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: \
-	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=.unicode-tables.time)
+$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES):
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data and property files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_DOWNLOAD) $@
+
+$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES):
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) auxiliary files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD) $@
+
+$(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_FILES):
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode UCD emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/emoji"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_UCD_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $@
+
+$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES):
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $@
+
+$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tables.rb): \
+	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
 
 $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=.unicode-tables.time): \
 	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
@@ -1835,11 +1863,11 @@ $(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h:
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) > $@.new
 	$(MV) $@.new $@
 
-srcs-doc: $(srcdir)/doc/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
-$(srcdir)/doc/regexp/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=unicode_properties.rdoc): \
+srcs-doc: $(srcdir)/doc/language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
+$(srcdir)/doc/language/regexp/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=unicode_properties.rdoc): \
 	$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
 
-$(srcdir)/doc/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc:
+$(srcdir)/doc/language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc:
 	$(Q) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ \
 		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_properties.rdoc.tmpl \
 		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) $(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h || \
@@ -1876,6 +1904,9 @@ clean-gems:
 
 CLEAN_CACHE = clean-extlibs
 
+prepare-package: prereq after-update
+clean-cache: $(CLEAN_CACHE)
+
 info: info-program info-libruby_a info-libruby_so info-arch
 info-program: PHONY
 	@echo PROGRAM=$(PROGRAM)
@@ -1902,9 +1933,9 @@ sudo-precheck: PHONY
 	@$(SUDO) echo > $(NULL)
 
 update-man-date: PHONY
-	-$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -I"$(tooldir)/lib" -rvcs -i -p \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -I"$(tooldir)/lib" -rvcs -i -p \
 	-e 'BEGIN{@vcs=VCS.detect(ARGV.shift)}' \
-	-e '$$_.sub!(/^(\.Dd ).*/){$$1+@vcs.modified(ARGF.path).strftime("%B %d, %Y")}' \
+	-e '$$_.sub!(/^(\.Dd ).*/){$$1+@vcs.author_date(@vcs.relative_to(ARGF.path)).strftime("%B %d, %Y")}' \
 	"$(srcdir)" "$(srcdir)"/man/*.1
 
 .PHONY: ChangeLog
@@ -1927,8 +1958,8 @@ nightly: yesterday $(DOT_WAIT) install
 yesterday: rewindable
 
 rewindable:
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) status --porcelain
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) diff --quiet
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) status --porcelain
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) diff --quiet
 
 HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = ""
 
@@ -2008,18907 +2039,5 @@ help: PHONY
 $(CROSS_COMPILING:yes=)builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mini_builtin.c
 $(CROSS_COMPILING:yes=)builtin.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 
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-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_insnhelper.h
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-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.h
-yjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}yjit.rbinc
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
+!include $(srcdir)/prism/srcs.mk
+!include $(srcdir)/depend
diff --git a/compar.c b/compar.c
index f5da6178cf..1ab2520f1e 100644
--- a/compar.c
+++ b/compar.c
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ rb_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return rb_funcallv(x, idCmp, 1, &y);
 }
 
-void
-rb_cmperr(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+static VALUE
+cmperr_subject(VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE classname;
 
@@ -35,10 +35,25 @@ rb_cmperr(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     else {
         classname = rb_obj_class(y);
     }
+    return classname;
+}
+
+void
+rb_cmperr(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    VALUE classname = cmperr_subject(y);
     rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "comparison of %"PRIsVALUE" with %"PRIsVALUE" failed",
              rb_obj_class(x), classname);
 }
 
+void
+rb_cmperr_reason(VALUE x, VALUE y, const char *reason)
+{
+    VALUE classname = cmperr_subject(y);
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "comparison of %"PRIsVALUE" with %"PRIsVALUE" failed: %s",
+             rb_obj_class(x), classname, reason);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 invcmp_recursive(VALUE x, VALUE y, int recursive)
 {
@@ -95,10 +110,13 @@ cmpint(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj > other    -> true or false
+ *    self > other -> true or false
  *
- *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than 0.
+ *  Returns whether +self+ is "greater than" +other+;
+ *  equivalent to <tt>(self <=> other) > 0</tt>:
+ *
+ *    'foo' > 'foo'  # => false
+ *    'food' > 'foo' # => true
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -109,10 +127,15 @@ cmp_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj >= other    -> true or false
+ *    self >= other -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns whether +self+ is "greater than or equal to" +other+;
+ *  equivalent to <tt>(self <=> other) >= 0</tt>:
+ *
+ *    'food' >= 'foo'  # => true
+ *    'foo'  >= 'foo'  # => true
+ *    'foo'  >= 'food' # => false
  *
- *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -123,10 +146,14 @@ cmp_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj < other    -> true or false
+ *    self < other -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns whether +self+ is "less than" +other+;
+ *  equivalent to <tt>(self <=> other) < 0</tt>:
+ *
+ *    'foo' < 'foo'  # => false
+ *    'foo' < 'food' # => true
  *
- *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -137,10 +164,15 @@ cmp_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj <= other    -> true or false
+ *    self <= other -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns whether +self+ is "less than or equal to" +other+;
+ *  equivalent to <tt>(self <=> other) <= 0</tt>:
+ *
+ *    'foo' <= 'foo'  # => true
+ *    'foo' <= 'food' # => true
+ *    'food' <= 'foo' # => false
  *
- *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 90efcc93b5..65ced44f9c 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -494,6 +494,7 @@ static int iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, const
 static int iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
 static int iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 static int iseq_set_optargs_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
+static int iseq_set_parameters_lvar_state(const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 
 static int compile_defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, VALUE needstr, bool ignore);
 static int compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int method_call_keywords, int popped);
@@ -609,8 +610,6 @@ branch_coverage_valid_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int first_line)
     return 1;
 }
 
-#define PTR2NUM(x) (rb_int2inum((intptr_t)(void *)(x)))
-
 static VALUE
 setup_branch(const rb_code_location_t *loc, const char *type, VALUE structure, VALUE key)
 {
@@ -837,9 +836,9 @@ get_string_value(const NODE *node)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_STR:
-        return rb_node_str_string_val(node);
+        return RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_node_str_string_val(node));
       case NODE_FILE:
-        return rb_node_file_path_val(node);
+        return RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_node_file_path_val(node));
       default:
         rb_bug("unexpected node: %s", ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)));
     }
@@ -876,6 +875,7 @@ rb_iseq_compile_node(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
         /* iseq type of top, method, class, block */
         iseq_set_local_table(iseq, RNODE_SCOPE(node)->nd_tbl, (NODE *)RNODE_SCOPE(node)->nd_args);
         iseq_set_arguments(iseq, ret, (NODE *)RNODE_SCOPE(node)->nd_args);
+        iseq_set_parameters_lvar_state(iseq);
 
         switch (ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->type) {
           case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK:
@@ -1029,75 +1029,44 @@ rb_iseq_original_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq) /* cold path */
 /* definition of data structure for compiler */
 /*********************************************/
 
-/*
- * On 32-bit SPARC, GCC by default generates SPARC V7 code that may require
- * 8-byte word alignment. On the other hand, Oracle Solaris Studio seems to
- * generate SPARCV8PLUS code with unaligned memory access instructions.
- * That is why the STRICT_ALIGNMENT is defined only with GCC.
- */
-#if defined(__sparc) && SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4 && defined(__GNUC__)
-  #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+#if defined(HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_VALUE
+# define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+#else
+# define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_VALUE
 #endif
+#define PADDING_SIZE_MAX    ((size_t)((ALIGNMENT_SIZE) - 1))
 
-/*
- * Some OpenBSD platforms (including sparc64) require strict alignment.
- */
-#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
-  #include <sys/endian.h>
-  #ifdef __STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-    #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-  #endif
-#endif
+#define ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(type) alignment_size_assert(RUBY_ALIGNOF(type), #type)
 
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-  #if defined(HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_VALUE
-    #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-  #else
-    #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_VALUE
-  #endif
-  #define PADDING_SIZE_MAX    ((size_t)((ALIGNMENT_SIZE) - 1))
-  #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK PADDING_SIZE_MAX
-  /* Note: ALIGNMENT_SIZE == (2 ** N) is expected. */
-#else
-  #define PADDING_SIZE_MAX 0
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+static inline size_t
+alignment_size_assert(size_t align, const char *type)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT((align & (align - 1)) == 0,
+                "ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(%s):%zd == (2 ** N) is expected", type, align);
+    return align;
+}
 
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
 /* calculate padding size for aligned memory access */
-static size_t
-calc_padding(void *ptr, size_t size)
+static inline size_t
+calc_padding(void *ptr, size_t align)
 {
     size_t mis;
     size_t padding = 0;
 
-    mis = (size_t)ptr & ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK;
+    mis = (size_t)ptr & (align - 1);
     if (mis > 0) {
-        padding = ALIGNMENT_SIZE - mis;
+        padding = align - mis;
     }
-/*
- * On 32-bit sparc or equivalents, when a single VALUE is requested
- * and padding == sizeof(VALUE), it is clear that no padding is needed.
- */
-#if ALIGNMENT_SIZE > SIZEOF_VALUE
-    if (size == sizeof(VALUE) && padding == sizeof(VALUE)) {
-        padding = 0;
-    }
-#endif
 
     return padding;
 }
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
 
 static void *
-compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t size)
+compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t size, size_t align)
 {
     void *ptr = 0;
     struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage = *arena;
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-    size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], size);
-#else
-    const size_t padding = 0; /* expected to be optimized by compiler */
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+    size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], align);
 
     if (size >= INT_MAX - padding) rb_memerror();
     if (storage->pos + size + padding > storage->size) {
@@ -1113,14 +1082,10 @@ compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t s
         storage->next = 0;
         storage->pos = 0;
         storage->size = alloc_size;
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-        padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], size);
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+        padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], align);
     }
 
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
     storage->pos += (int)padding;
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
 
     ptr = (void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos];
     storage->pos += (int)size;
@@ -1128,51 +1093,60 @@ compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t s
 }
 
 static void *
-compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
+compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size, size_t align)
 {
     struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->node.storage_current;
-    return compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, size);
+    return compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, size, align);
 }
 
+#define compile_data_alloc_type(iseq, type) \
+    (type *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(type), ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(type))
+
 static inline void *
-compile_data_alloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+compile_data_alloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t elsize, size_t num, size_t align)
 {
-    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
-    return compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(elsize, num, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    return compile_data_alloc(iseq, size, align);
 }
 
+#define compile_data_alloc2_type(iseq, type, num) \
+    (type *)compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(type), num, ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(type))
+
 static inline void *
-compile_data_calloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+compile_data_calloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t elsize, size_t num, size_t align)
 {
-    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
-    void *p = compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(elsize, num, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    void *p = compile_data_alloc(iseq, size, align);
     memset(p, 0, size);
     return p;
 }
 
+#define compile_data_calloc2_type(iseq, type, num) \
+    (type *)compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(type), num, ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(type))
+
 static INSN *
 compile_data_alloc_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->insn.storage_current;
-    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, sizeof(INSN));
+    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, sizeof(INSN), ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(INSN));
 }
 
 static LABEL *
 compile_data_alloc_label(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return (LABEL *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(LABEL));
+    return compile_data_alloc_type(iseq, LABEL);
 }
 
 static ADJUST *
 compile_data_alloc_adjust(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return (ADJUST *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(ADJUST));
+    return compile_data_alloc_type(iseq, ADJUST);
 }
 
 static TRACE *
 compile_data_alloc_trace(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return (TRACE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(TRACE));
+    return compile_data_alloc_type(iseq, TRACE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1375,7 +1349,7 @@ new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line)
 }
 
 static void
-iseq_insn_each_markable_object(INSN *insn, void (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE data)
+iseq_insn_each_markable_object(INSN *insn, void (*func)(VALUE *, VALUE), VALUE data)
 {
     const char *types = insn_op_types(insn->insn_id);
     for (int j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
@@ -1386,7 +1360,7 @@ iseq_insn_each_markable_object(INSN *insn, void (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE dat
           case TS_VALUE:
           case TS_IC: // constant path array
           case TS_CALLDATA: // ci is stored.
-            func(OPERAND_AT(insn, j), data);
+            func(&OPERAND_AT(insn, j), data);
             break;
           default:
             break;
@@ -1395,9 +1369,12 @@ iseq_insn_each_markable_object(INSN *insn, void (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE dat
 }
 
 static void
-iseq_insn_each_object_write_barrier(VALUE obj, VALUE iseq)
+iseq_insn_each_object_write_barrier(VALUE * obj, VALUE iseq)
 {
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, obj);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, *obj);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(SPECIAL_CONST_P(*obj) ||
+                RBASIC_CLASS(*obj) == 0 || // hidden
+                RB_OBJ_SHAREABLE_P(*obj));
 }
 
 static INSN *
@@ -1430,7 +1407,7 @@ new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int node_id, enum ruby_vminsn_type i
     if (argc > 0) {
         int i;
         va_start(argv, argc);
-        operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
+        operands = compile_data_alloc2_type(iseq, VALUE, argc);
         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
             VALUE v = va_arg(argv, VALUE);
             operands[i] = v;
@@ -1440,6 +1417,30 @@ new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int node_id, enum ruby_vminsn_type i
     return new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, node_id, insn_id, argc, operands);
 }
 
+static INSN *
+insn_replace_with_operands(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int argc, ...)
+{
+    VALUE *operands = 0;
+    va_list argv;
+    if (argc > 0) {
+        int i;
+        va_start(argv, argc);
+        operands = compile_data_alloc2_type(iseq, VALUE, argc);
+        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+            VALUE v = va_arg(argv, VALUE);
+            operands[i] = v;
+        }
+        va_end(argv);
+    }
+
+    iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
+    iobj->operand_size = argc;
+    iobj->operands = operands;
+    iseq_insn_each_markable_object(iobj, iseq_insn_each_object_write_barrier, (VALUE)iseq);
+
+    return iobj;
+}
+
 static const struct rb_callinfo *
 new_callinfo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID mid, int argc, unsigned int flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg, int has_blockiseq)
 {
@@ -1464,7 +1465,7 @@ new_callinfo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID mid, int argc, unsigned int flag, struct rb_cal
 static INSN *
 new_insn_send(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int node_id, ID id, VALUE argc, const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq, VALUE flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords)
 {
-    VALUE *operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), 2);
+    VALUE *operands = compile_data_calloc2_type(iseq, VALUE, 2);
     VALUE ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, id, FIX2INT(argc), FIX2INT(flag), keywords, blockiseq != NULL);
     operands[0] = ci;
     operands[1] = (VALUE)blockiseq;
@@ -1665,7 +1666,7 @@ iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     debugs("[compile step 6.1 (remove unused catch tables)] \n");
     RUBY_ASSERT(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq));
     if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_except_p && ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table) {
-        xfree(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table);
+        ruby_xfree_sized(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table, iseq_catch_table_bytes(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table->size));
         ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1691,6 +1692,7 @@ iseq_set_exception_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table_size = numberof(rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl);
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table = rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl;
+    ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->lvar_states = NULL; // $! is read-only, so don't need lvar_states
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1838,6 +1840,46 @@ iseq_lvar_id(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int idx, int level)
 }
 
 static void
+update_lvar_state(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int level, int idx)
+{
+    for (int i=0; i<level; i++) {
+        iseq = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->parent_iseq;
+    }
+
+    enum lvar_state *states = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->lvar_states;
+    int table_idx = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table_size - idx;
+    switch (states[table_idx]) {
+      case lvar_uninitialized:
+        states[table_idx] = lvar_initialized;
+        break;
+      case lvar_initialized:
+        states[table_idx] = lvar_reassigned;
+        break;
+      case lvar_reassigned:
+        /* nothing */
+        break;
+      default:
+        rb_bug("unreachable");
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_set_parameters_lvar_state(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    for (unsigned int i=0; i<ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.size; i++) {
+        ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->lvar_states[i] = lvar_initialized;
+    }
+
+    int lead_num = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.lead_num;
+    int opt_num = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.opt_num;
+    for (int i=0; i<opt_num; i++) {
+        ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->lvar_states[lead_num + i] = lvar_uninitialized;
+    }
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static void
 iseq_add_getlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, const NODE *const line_node, int idx, int level)
 {
     if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, idx, level)) {
@@ -1858,6 +1900,7 @@ iseq_add_setlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, const NODE *const lin
     else {
         ADD_INSN2(seq, line_node, setlocal, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
     }
+    update_lvar_state(iseq, level, idx);
     if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, iseq_lvar_id(iseq, idx, level), Qtrue);
 }
 
@@ -1995,6 +2038,7 @@ iseq_set_arguments_keywords(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs,
         for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(default_values); i++) {
             VALUE dv = RARRAY_AREF(default_values, i);
             if (dv == complex_mark) dv = Qundef;
+            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(dv)) rb_ractor_make_shareable(dv);
             RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &dvs[i], dv);
         }
 
@@ -2014,7 +2058,7 @@ iseq_set_use_block(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 
         if (!rb_warning_category_enabled_p(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_STRICT_UNUSED_BLOCK)) {
             st_data_t key = (st_data_t)rb_intern_str(body->location.label); // String -> ID
-            st_insert(vm->unused_block_warning_table, key, 1);
+            set_insert(&vm->unused_block_warning_table, key);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2026,7 +2070,7 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs, const NODE *cons
 
     if (node_args) {
         struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
-        struct rb_args_info *args = &RNODE_ARGS(node_args)->nd_ainfo;
+        const struct rb_args_info *const args = &RNODE_ARGS(node_args)->nd_ainfo;
         ID rest_id = 0;
         int last_comma = 0;
         ID block_id = 0;
@@ -2034,7 +2078,6 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs, const NODE *cons
 
         EXPECT_NODE("iseq_set_arguments", node_args, NODE_ARGS, COMPILE_NG);
 
-        body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = args->ruby2_keywords;
         body->param.lead_num = arg_size = (int)args->pre_args_num;
         if (body->param.lead_num > 0) body->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
         debugs("  - argc: %d\n", body->param.lead_num);
@@ -2124,7 +2167,10 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs, const NODE *cons
             body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg = TRUE;
         }
 
-        if (block_id) {
+        if (args->no_blockarg) {
+            body->param.flags.accepts_no_block = TRUE;
+        }
+        else if (block_id) {
             body->param.block_start = arg_size++;
             body->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
             iseq_set_use_block(iseq);
@@ -2178,15 +2224,24 @@ iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const rb_ast_id_table_t *tbl, const NODE *
         // then its local table should only be `...`
         // FIXME: I think this should be fixed in the AST rather than special case here.
         if (args->forwarding && args->pre_args_num == 0 && !args->opt_args) {
+            CHECK(size >= 3);
             size -= 3;
             offset += 3;
         }
     }
 
     if (size > 0) {
-        ID *ids = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size);
+        ID *ids = ALLOC_N(ID, size);
         MEMCPY(ids, tbl->ids + offset, ID, size);
         ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table = ids;
+
+        enum lvar_state *states = ALLOC_N(enum lvar_state, size);
+        // fprintf(stderr, "iseq:%p states:%p size:%d\n", iseq, states, (int)size);
+        for (unsigned int i=0; i<size; i++) {
+            states[i] = lvar_uninitialized;
+            // fprintf(stderr, "id:%s\n", rb_id2name(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table[i]));
+        }
+        ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->lvar_states = states;
     }
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->local_table_size = size;
 
@@ -2275,6 +2330,33 @@ static const struct st_hash_type cdhash_type = {
     rb_iseq_cdhash_hash,
 };
 
+static VALUE
+cdhash_new(size_t size)
+{
+    VALUE cdhash = rb_imemo_cdhash_new(size, &cdhash_type);
+    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(cdhash);
+    return cdhash;
+}
+
+static void
+cdhash_aset(VALUE cdhash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
+{
+    st_table *tbl = rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(cdhash);
+    st_insert(tbl, key, val);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(cdhash, Qundef, key);
+}
+
+static void
+cdhash_aset_if_missing(VALUE cdhash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
+{
+    st_table *tbl = rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(cdhash);
+    VALUE dontcare;
+    if (!st_lookup(tbl, key, &dontcare)) {
+        st_insert(tbl, key, val);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(cdhash, Qundef, key);
+    }
+}
+
 struct cdhash_set_label_struct {
     VALUE hash;
     int pos;
@@ -2282,15 +2364,20 @@ struct cdhash_set_label_struct {
 };
 
 static int
-cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ptr)
+cdhash_set_label_check_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
+{
+    return ST_REPLACE;
+}
+
+static int
+cdhash_set_label_replace_i(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t ptr, int existing)
 {
     struct cdhash_set_label_struct *data = (struct cdhash_set_label_struct *)ptr;
-    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(val & ~1);
-    rb_hash_aset(data->hash, key, INT2FIX(lobj->position - (data->pos+data->len)));
+    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(*value & ~1);
+    *value = lobj->position - (data->pos+data->len);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-
 static inline VALUE
 get_ivar_ic_value(rb_iseq_t *iseq,ID id)
 {
@@ -2320,8 +2407,8 @@ get_cvar_ic_value(rb_iseq_t *iseq,ID id)
     dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor), list, dest)
 
 #define BADINSN_ERROR \
-    (xfree(generated_iseq), \
-     xfree(insns_info), \
+    (SIZED_FREE_N(generated_iseq, generated_iseq_size), \
+     SIZED_FREE_N(insns_info, insns_info_size), \
      BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL), \
      COMPILE_ERROR)
 
@@ -2481,7 +2568,7 @@ array_to_idlist(VALUE arr)
     RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(arr, T_ARRAY));
     long size = RARRAY_LEN(arr);
     ID *ids = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size + 1);
-    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(arr, i);
         ids[i] = SYM2ID(sym);
     }
@@ -2587,8 +2674,13 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     }
 
     /* make instruction sequence */
+    const int generated_iseq_size = code_index;
     generated_iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, code_index);
+
+    const int insns_info_size = insn_num;
     insns_info = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insn_num);
+
+    const int positions_size = insn_num;
     positions = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, insn_num);
     if (ISEQ_IS_SIZE(body)) {
         body->is_entries = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, ISEQ_IS_SIZE(body));
@@ -2596,7 +2688,13 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     else {
         body->is_entries = NULL;
     }
-    body->call_data = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, body->ci_size);
+
+    if (body->ci_size) {
+        body->call_data = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, body->ci_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        body->call_data = NULL;
+    }
     ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index = 0;
 
     // Calculate the bitmask buffer size.
@@ -2607,16 +2705,22 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     iseq_bits_t * mark_offset_bits;
     int code_size = code_index;
 
-    iseq_bits_t tmp[1] = {0};
     bool needs_bitmap = false;
 
-    if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(code_index) == 1) {
-        mark_offset_bits = tmp;
+    const size_t mark_offset_bits_size = ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(code_index);
+    if (mark_offset_bits_size == 1) {
+        mark_offset_bits = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->mark_bits.single;
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->is_single_mark_bit = true;
     }
     else {
-        mark_offset_bits = ZALLOC_N(iseq_bits_t, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(code_index));
+        mark_offset_bits = ZALLOC_N(iseq_bits_t, mark_offset_bits_size);
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->mark_bits.list = mark_offset_bits;
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->is_single_mark_bit = false;
     }
 
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->iseq_encoded = (void *)generated_iseq;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->iseq_size = code_index;
+
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
     insns_info_index = code_index = sp = 0;
 
@@ -2657,10 +2761,8 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
                             data.hash = map;
                             data.pos = code_index;
                             data.len = len;
-                            rb_hash_foreach(map, cdhash_set_label_i, (VALUE)&data);
+                            st_foreach_with_replace(rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(map), cdhash_set_label_check_i, cdhash_set_label_replace_i, (VALUE)&data);
 
-                            rb_hash_rehash(map);
-                            freeze_hide_obj(map);
                             generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = map;
                             ISEQ_MBITS_SET(mark_offset_bits, code_index + 1 + j);
                             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
@@ -2709,12 +2811,12 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 
                             if (insn == BIN(setinstancevariable)) {
                                 cache->iv_set_name = SYM2ID(operands[j - 1]);
+                                cache->value = IVAR_CACHE_INIT;
                             }
                             else {
                                 cache->iv_set_name = 0;
+                                cache->value = rb_getivar_cache_pack(ROOT_SHAPE_ID, ATTR_INDEX_NOT_SET);
                             }
-
-                            vm_ic_attr_index_initialize(cache, INVALID_SHAPE_ID);
                         }
                       case TS_ISE: /* inline storage entry: `once` insn */
                       case TS_ICVARC: /* inline cvar cache */
@@ -2801,11 +2903,11 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
                     }
                     else if (diff < 0) {
                         int label_no = adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1;
-                        xfree(generated_iseq);
-                        xfree(insns_info);
-                        xfree(positions);
+                        SIZED_FREE_N(generated_iseq, generated_iseq_size);
+                        SIZED_FREE_N(insns_info, insns_info_size);
+                        SIZED_FREE_N(positions, positions_size);
                         if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(code_size) > 1) {
-                            xfree(mark_offset_bits);
+                            SIZED_FREE_N(mark_offset_bits, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(code_index));
                         }
                         debug_list(anchor, list);
                         COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, adjust->line_no,
@@ -2827,16 +2929,17 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     body->iseq_size = code_index;
     body->stack_max = stack_max;
 
-    if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(body->iseq_size) == 1) {
-        body->mark_bits.single = mark_offset_bits[0];
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->is_single_mark_bit) {
+        body->mark_bits.single = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->mark_bits.single;
     }
     else {
         if (needs_bitmap) {
             body->mark_bits.list = mark_offset_bits;
         }
         else {
-            body->mark_bits.list = 0;
-            ruby_xfree(mark_offset_bits);
+            body->mark_bits.list = NULL;
+            ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->mark_bits.list = NULL;
+            SIZED_FREE_N(mark_offset_bits, mark_offset_bits_size);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2844,9 +2947,9 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
     body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
     body->insns_info.positions = positions;
 
-    REALLOC_N(insns_info, struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insns_info_index);
+    SIZED_REALLOC_N(insns_info, struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insns_info_index, insns_info_size);
     body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
-    REALLOC_N(positions, unsigned int, insns_info_index);
+    SIZED_REALLOC_N(positions, unsigned int, insns_info_index, positions_size);
     body->insns_info.positions = positions;
     body->insns_info.size = insns_info_index;
 
@@ -3122,7 +3225,7 @@ iseq_pop_newarray(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 static int
 is_frozen_putstring(INSN *insn, VALUE *op)
 {
-    if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, putstring) || IS_INSN_ID(insn, putchilledstring)) {
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, dupstring) || IS_INSN_ID(insn, dupchilledstring)) {
         *op = OPERAND_AT(insn, 0);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3134,6 +3237,25 @@ is_frozen_putstring(INSN *insn, VALUE *op)
 }
 
 static int
+insn_has_label_before(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+{
+    LINK_ELEMENT *prev = elem->prev;
+    while (prev) {
+        if (prev->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL) {
+            LABEL *label = (LABEL *)prev;
+            if (label->refcnt > 0) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (prev->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+            break;
+        }
+        prev = prev->prev;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
 optimize_checktype(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 {
     /*
@@ -3163,8 +3285,8 @@ optimize_checktype(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
     VALUE type;
 
     switch (INSN_OF(iobj)) {
-      case BIN(putstring):
-      case BIN(putchilledstring):
+      case BIN(dupstring):
+      case BIN(dupchilledstring):
         type = INT2FIX(T_STRING);
         break;
       case BIN(putnil):
@@ -3362,8 +3484,8 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
     }
 
     /*
-     * putstring "beg"
-     * putstring "end"
+     * dupstring "beg"
+     * dupstring "end"
      * newrange excl
      *
      * ==>
@@ -3378,9 +3500,10 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
         if ((end = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(range)) != 0 &&
                 is_frozen_putstring(end, &str_end) &&
                 (beg = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(end)) != 0 &&
-                is_frozen_putstring(beg, &str_beg)) {
+                is_frozen_putstring(beg, &str_beg) &&
+                !(insn_has_label_before(&beg->link) || insn_has_label_before(&end->link))) {
             int excl = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(range, 0));
-            VALUE lit_range = rb_range_new(str_beg, str_end, excl);
+            VALUE lit_range = RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_range_new(str_beg, str_end, excl));
 
             ELEM_REMOVE(&beg->link);
             ELEM_REMOVE(&end->link);
@@ -3426,11 +3549,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
                 VALUE ary = iobj->operands[0];
                 rb_obj_reveal(ary, rb_cArray);
 
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_ary_freeze);
-                iobj->operand_size = 2;
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = ary;
-                iobj->operands[1] = (VALUE)ci;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_ary_freeze), 2, ary, (VALUE)ci);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(next);
             }
         }
@@ -3451,12 +3570,9 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
             if (vm_ci_simple(ci) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 0 && blockiseq == NULL && vm_ci_mid(ci) == idFreeze) {
                 VALUE hash = iobj->operands[0];
                 rb_obj_reveal(hash, rb_cHash);
+                RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(hash);
 
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_hash_freeze);
-                iobj->operand_size = 2;
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = hash;
-                iobj->operands[1] = (VALUE)ci;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_hash_freeze), 2, hash, (VALUE)ci);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(next);
             }
         }
@@ -3475,11 +3591,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
             const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(next, 1);
 
             if (vm_ci_simple(ci) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 0 && blockiseq == NULL && vm_ci_mid(ci) == idFreeze) {
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_ary_freeze);
-                iobj->operand_size = 2;
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = rb_cArray_empty_frozen;
-                iobj->operands[1] = (VALUE)ci;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_ary_freeze), 2, rb_cArray_empty_frozen, (VALUE)ci);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(next);
             }
         }
@@ -3498,11 +3610,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
             const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(next, 1);
 
             if (vm_ci_simple(ci) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 0 && blockiseq == NULL && vm_ci_mid(ci) == idFreeze) {
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_hash_freeze);
-                iobj->operand_size = 2;
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = rb_cHash_empty_frozen;
-                iobj->operands[1] = (VALUE)ci;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_hash_freeze), 2, rb_cHash_empty_frozen, (VALUE)ci);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(next);
             }
         }
@@ -3592,16 +3700,16 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
                      * =>
                      *   jump L1
                      *
-                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   dupstring ".."
                      *   if L1
                      * =>
                      *   jump L1
                      *
-                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   dupstring ".."
                      *   dup
                      *   if L1
                      * =>
-                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   dupstring ".."
                      *   jump L1
                      *
                      */
@@ -3616,7 +3724,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
                                 OPERAND_AT(pobj, 0) == Qfalse :
                                 FALSE);
                     }
-                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putstring) ||
+                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, dupstring) ||
                              IS_INSN_ID(pobj, duparray) ||
                              IS_INSN_ID(pobj, newarray)) {
                         cond = IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif);
@@ -3654,7 +3762,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 
     if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, pop)) {
         /*
-         *  putself / putnil / putobject obj / putstring "..."
+         *  putself / putnil / putobject obj / dupstring "..."
          *  pop
          * =>
          *  # do nothing
@@ -3663,8 +3771,8 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
         if (IS_INSN(prev)) {
             enum ruby_vminsn_type previ = ((INSN *)prev)->insn_id;
             if (previ == BIN(putobject) || previ == BIN(putnil) ||
-                previ == BIN(putself) || previ == BIN(putstring) ||
-                previ == BIN(putchilledstring) ||
+                previ == BIN(putself) || previ == BIN(dupstring) ||
+                previ == BIN(dupchilledstring) ||
                 previ == BIN(dup) ||
                 previ == BIN(getlocal) ||
                 previ == BIN(getblockparam) ||
@@ -3806,10 +3914,10 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
         }
     }
 
-    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putstring) || IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putchilledstring) ||
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, dupstring) || IS_INSN_ID(iobj, dupchilledstring) ||
         (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putobject) && RB_TYPE_P(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0), T_STRING))) {
         /*
-         *  putstring ""
+         *  dupstring ""
          *  concatstrings N
          * =>
          *  concatstrings N-1
@@ -3836,6 +3944,9 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
                     rb_set_errinfo(errinfo);
                     COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line, "%" PRIsVALUE, message);
                 }
+                else {
+                    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(re);
+                }
                 RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0), re);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(iobj->link.next);
             }
@@ -3877,8 +3988,6 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 
     if (do_tailcallopt &&
         (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send) ||
-         IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aref_with) ||
-         IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aset_with) ||
          IS_INSN_ID(iobj, invokesuper))) {
         /*
          *  send ...
@@ -4079,7 +4188,7 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
                 unsigned int flags = vm_ci_flag(ci);
                 if ((flags & set_flags) == set_flags && !(flags & unset_flags)) {
                     ((INSN*)niobj)->insn_id = BIN(putobject);
-                    OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0) = rb_hash_freeze(rb_hash_resurrect(OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0)));
+                    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0), RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_hash_freeze(rb_hash_resurrect(OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0)))));
 
                     const struct rb_callinfo *nci = vm_ci_new(vm_ci_mid(ci),
                         flags & ~VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT, vm_ci_argc(ci), vm_ci_kwarg(ci));
@@ -4096,17 +4205,16 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 static int
 insn_set_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int insn_id)
 {
-    iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
-    iobj->operand_size = insn_len(insn_id) - 1;
-    iobj->insn_info.events |= RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL | RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN;
-
     if (insn_id == BIN(opt_neq)) {
         VALUE original_ci = iobj->operands[0];
-        iobj->operand_size = 2;
-        iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-        iobj->operands[0] = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, idEq, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE);
-        iobj->operands[1] = original_ci;
+        VALUE new_ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, idEq, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+        insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, insn_id, 2, new_ci, original_ci);
     }
+    else {
+        iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
+        iobj->operand_size = insn_len(insn_id) - 1;
+    }
+    iobj->insn_info.events |= RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL | RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN;
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -4138,38 +4246,28 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 
                 if (method != INT2FIX(0)) {
                     VALUE num = iobj->operands[0];
-                    int operand_len = insn_len(BIN(opt_newarray_send)) - 1;
-                    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_send);
-                    iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, operand_len, sizeof(VALUE));
-                    iobj->operands[0] = num;
-                    iobj->operands[1] = method;
-                    iobj->operand_size = operand_len;
+                    insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_newarray_send), 2, num, method);
                     ELEM_REMOVE(&niobj->link);
                     return COMPILE_OK;
                 }
             }
         }
-        else if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putchilledstring) ||
+        else if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupchilledstring) ||
                   (IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putobject) && RB_TYPE_P(OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0), T_STRING))) &&
                  IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&niobj->link, send)) {
             const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT((INSN *)niobj->link.next, 0);
             if (vm_ci_simple(ci) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 1 && vm_ci_mid(ci) == idPack) {
                 VALUE num = iobj->operands[0];
-                int operand_len = insn_len(BIN(opt_newarray_send)) - 1;
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_send);
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, operand_len, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = FIXNUM_INC(num, 1);
-                iobj->operands[1] = INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_PACK);
-                iobj->operand_size = operand_len;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_newarray_send), 2, FIXNUM_INC(num, 1), INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_PACK));
                 ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
                 ELEM_REMOVE(niobj->link.next);
                 ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&niobj->link, &iobj->link);
                 return COMPILE_OK;
             }
         }
-        // newarray n, putchilledstring "E", getlocal b, send :pack with {buffer: b}
-        // -> putchilledstring "E", getlocal b, opt_newarray_send n+2, :pack, :buffer
-        else if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putchilledstring) ||
+        // newarray n, dupchilledstring "E", getlocal b, send :pack with {buffer: b}
+        // -> dupchilledstring "E", getlocal b, opt_newarray_send n+2, :pack, :buffer
+        else if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupchilledstring) ||
                   (IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putobject) && RB_TYPE_P(OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0), T_STRING))) &&
                  IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&niobj->link, getlocal) &&
                  (niobj->link.next && IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(niobj->link.next, send))) {
@@ -4178,12 +4276,7 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
             if (vm_ci_mid(ci) == idPack && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 2 &&
                     (kwarg && kwarg->keyword_len == 1 && kwarg->keywords[0] == rb_id2sym(idBuffer))) {
                 VALUE num = iobj->operands[0];
-                int operand_len = insn_len(BIN(opt_newarray_send)) - 1;
-                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_send);
-                iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, operand_len, sizeof(VALUE));
-                iobj->operands[0] = FIXNUM_INC(num, 2);
-                iobj->operands[1] = INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_PACK_BUFFER);
-                iobj->operand_size = operand_len;
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_newarray_send), 2, FIXNUM_INC(num, 2), INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_PACK_BUFFER));
                 // Remove the "send" insn.
                 ELEM_REMOVE((niobj->link.next)->next);
                 // Remove the modified insn from its original "newarray" position...
@@ -4197,7 +4290,7 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
         // Break the "else if" chain since some prior checks abort after sub-ifs.
         // We already found "newarray".  To match `[...].include?(arg)` we look for
         // the instruction(s) representing the argument followed by a "send".
-        if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putchilledstring) ||
+        if ((IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupstring) || IS_INSN_ID(niobj, dupchilledstring) ||
                   IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putobject) ||
                   IS_INSN_ID(niobj, putself) ||
                   IS_INSN_ID(niobj, getlocal) ||
@@ -4217,11 +4310,7 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
             if (vm_ci_simple(ci) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 1 && vm_ci_mid(ci) == idIncludeP) {
                 VALUE num = iobj->operands[0];
                 INSN *sendins = (INSN *)sendobj;
-                sendins->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_send);
-                sendins->operand_size = insn_len(sendins->insn_id) - 1;
-                sendins->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sendins->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                sendins->operands[0] = FIXNUM_INC(num, 1);
-                sendins->operands[1] = INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_INCLUDE_P);
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, sendins, BIN(opt_newarray_send), 2, FIXNUM_INC(num, 1), INT2FIX(VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_INCLUDE_P));
                 // Remove the original "newarray" insn.
                 ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
                 return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -4259,12 +4348,7 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
                 rb_obj_reveal(ary, rb_cArray);
 
                 INSN *sendins = (INSN *)sendobj;
-                sendins->insn_id = BIN(opt_duparray_send);
-                sendins->operand_size = insn_len(sendins->insn_id) - 1;;
-                sendins->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sendins->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
-                sendins->operands[0] = ary;
-                sendins->operands[1] = rb_id2sym(idIncludeP);
-                sendins->operands[2] = INT2FIX(1);
+                insn_replace_with_operands(iseq, sendins, BIN(opt_duparray_send), 3, ary, rb_id2sym(idIncludeP), INT2FIX(1));
 
                 // Remove the duparray insn.
                 ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
@@ -4355,15 +4439,25 @@ iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
         ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->tailcall_optimization;
     const int do_si = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction;
     const int do_ou = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->operands_unification;
+    const int do_without_ints = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->builtin_attrs & BUILTIN_ATTR_WITHOUT_INTERRUPTS;
     int rescue_level = 0;
     int tailcallopt = do_tailcallopt;
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
 
     int do_block_optimization = 0;
+    LABEL * block_loop_label = NULL;
 
-    if (ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK && !ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_except_p) {
+    // If we're optimizing a block
+    if (ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
         do_block_optimization = 1;
+
+        // If the block starts with a nop and a label,
+        // record the label so we can detect if it's a jump target
+        LINK_ELEMENT * le = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor)->next;
+        if (IS_INSN(le) && IS_INSN_ID((INSN *)le, nop) && IS_LABEL(le->next)) {
+            block_loop_label = (LABEL *)le->next;
+        }
     }
 
     while (list) {
@@ -4378,11 +4472,45 @@ iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
                 insn_operands_unification((INSN *)list);
             }
 
+            if (do_without_ints) {
+                INSN *item = (INSN *)list;
+                if (IS_INSN_ID(item, jump)) {
+                    item->insn_id = BIN(jump_without_ints);
+                }
+                else if (IS_INSN_ID(item, branchif)) {
+                    item->insn_id = BIN(branchif_without_ints);
+                }
+                else if (IS_INSN_ID(item, branchunless)) {
+                    item->insn_id = BIN(branchunless_without_ints);
+                }
+                else if (IS_INSN_ID(item, branchnil)) {
+                    item->insn_id = BIN(branchnil_without_ints);
+                }
+            }
+
             if (do_block_optimization) {
                 INSN * item = (INSN *)list;
-                if (IS_INSN_ID(item, jump)) {
+                // Give up if there is a throw
+                if (IS_INSN_ID(item, throw)) {
                     do_block_optimization = 0;
                 }
+                else {
+                    // If the instruction has a jump target, check if the
+                    // jump target is the block loop label
+                    const char *types = insn_op_types(item->insn_id);
+                    for (int j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+                        if (types[j] == TS_OFFSET) {
+                            // If the jump target is equal to the block loop
+                            // label, then we can't do the optimization because
+                            // the leading `nop` instruction fires the block
+                            // entry tracepoint
+                            LABEL * target = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(item, j);
+                            if (target == block_loop_label) {
+                                do_block_optimization = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         if (IS_LABEL(list)) {
@@ -4427,7 +4555,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
     }
 
     if (argc > 0) {
-        ptr = operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
+        ptr = operands = compile_data_alloc2_type(iseq, VALUE, argc);
     }
 
     /* copy operands */
@@ -4631,7 +4759,8 @@ compile_dstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
     int cnt;
     if (!RNODE_DSTR(node)->nd_next) {
         VALUE lit = rb_node_dstr_string_val(node);
-        ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putstring, lit);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, node, dupstring, lit);
+        RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
         RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
     }
     else {
@@ -4651,6 +4780,7 @@ compile_dregx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, i
         if (!popped) {
             VALUE src = rb_node_dregx_string_val(node);
             VALUE match = rb_reg_compile(src, cflag, NULL, 0);
+            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(match);
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, match);
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, match);
         }
@@ -4743,6 +4873,7 @@ compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE *cond,
         CHECK(ok = compile_logical(iseq, ret, RNODE_AND(cond)->nd_1st, NULL, else_label));
         cond = RNODE_AND(cond)->nd_2nd;
         if (ok == COMPILE_SINGLE) {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, cond, jump, else_label);
             INIT_ANCHOR(ignore);
             ret = ignore;
             then_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
@@ -4752,6 +4883,7 @@ compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE *cond,
         CHECK(ok = compile_logical(iseq, ret, RNODE_OR(cond)->nd_1st, then_label, NULL));
         cond = RNODE_OR(cond)->nd_2nd;
         if (ok == COMPILE_SINGLE) {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, cond, jump, then_label);
             INIT_ANCHOR(ignore);
             ret = ignore;
             else_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
@@ -4995,13 +5127,21 @@ static_literal_value(const NODE *node, rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_INTEGER:
-        return rb_node_integer_literal_val(node);
+        {
+            VALUE lit = rb_node_integer_literal_val(node);
+            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
+            return lit;
+        }
       case NODE_FLOAT:
-        return rb_node_float_literal_val(node);
+        {
+            VALUE lit = rb_node_float_literal_val(node);
+            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
+            return lit;
+        }
       case NODE_RATIONAL:
-        return rb_node_rational_literal_val(node);
+        return rb_ractor_make_shareable(rb_node_rational_literal_val(node));
       case NODE_IMAGINARY:
-        return rb_node_imaginary_literal_val(node);
+        return rb_ractor_make_shareable(rb_node_imaginary_literal_val(node));
       case NODE_NIL:
         return Qnil;
       case NODE_TRUE:
@@ -5011,7 +5151,7 @@ static_literal_value(const NODE *node, rb_iseq_t *iseq)
       case NODE_SYM:
         return rb_node_sym_string_val(node);
       case NODE_REGX:
-        return rb_node_regx_string_val(node);
+        return RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_node_regx_string_val(node));
       case NODE_LINE:
         return rb_node_line_lineno_val(node);
       case NODE_ENCODING:
@@ -5020,7 +5160,9 @@ static_literal_value(const NODE *node, rb_iseq_t *iseq)
       case NODE_STR:
         if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) {
             VALUE lit = get_string_value(node);
-            return rb_str_with_debug_created_info(lit, rb_iseq_path(iseq), (int)nd_line(node));
+            VALUE str = rb_str_with_debug_created_info(lit, rb_iseq_path(iseq), (int)nd_line(node));
+            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(str);
+            return str;
         }
         else {
             return get_string_value(node);
@@ -5118,7 +5260,7 @@ compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int pop
                 /* Create a hidden array */
                 for (; count; count--, node = RNODE_LIST(node)->nd_next)
                     rb_ary_push(ary, static_literal_value(RNODE_LIST(node)->nd_head, iseq));
-                OBJ_FREEZE(ary);
+                RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(ary);
 
                 /* Emit optimized code */
                 FLUSH_CHUNK;
@@ -5130,6 +5272,7 @@ compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int pop
                     ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, putobject, ary);
                     ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, concattoarray);
                 }
+                RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(ary);
                 RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ary);
             }
         }
@@ -5256,13 +5399,15 @@ compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int meth
                 for (; count; count--, node = RNODE_LIST(RNODE_LIST(node)->nd_next)->nd_next) {
                     VALUE elem[2];
                     elem[0] = static_literal_value(RNODE_LIST(node)->nd_head, iseq);
+                    if (!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(elem[0])) RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(elem[0]);
                     elem[1] = static_literal_value(RNODE_LIST(RNODE_LIST(node)->nd_next)->nd_head, iseq);
+                    if (!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(elem[1])) RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(elem[1]);
                     rb_ary_cat(ary, elem, 2);
                 }
-                VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(ary) / 2);
+                VALUE hash = rb_hash_alloc_fixed_size(Qfalse, RARRAY_LEN(ary) / 2);
                 rb_hash_bulk_insert(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary), hash);
-                hash = rb_obj_hide(hash);
-                OBJ_FREEZE(hash);
+                RB_GC_GUARD(ary);
+                hash = RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(hash);
 
                 /* Emit optimized code */
                 FLUSH_CHUNK();
@@ -5411,8 +5556,8 @@ when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
         if (UNDEF_P(lit)) {
             only_special_literals = 0;
         }
-        else if (NIL_P(rb_hash_lookup(literals, lit))) {
-            rb_hash_aset(literals, lit, (VALUE)(l1) | 1);
+        else {
+            cdhash_aset_if_missing(literals, lit, (VALUE)(l1));
         }
 
         if (nd_type_p(val, NODE_STR) || nd_type_p(val, NODE_FILE)) {
@@ -5929,10 +6074,12 @@ collect_const_segments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
         switch (nd_type(node)) {
           case NODE_CONST:
             rb_ary_unshift(arr, ID2SYM(RNODE_CONST(node)->nd_vid));
+            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(arr);
             return arr;
           case NODE_COLON3:
             rb_ary_unshift(arr, ID2SYM(RNODE_COLON3(node)->nd_mid));
             rb_ary_unshift(arr, ID2SYM(idNULL));
+            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(arr);
             return arr;
           case NODE_COLON2:
             rb_ary_unshift(arr, ID2SYM(RNODE_COLON2(node)->nd_mid));
@@ -5975,6 +6122,23 @@ compile_const_prefix(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
 }
 
 static int
+cpath_const_p(const NODE *node)
+{
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_CONST:
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        return TRUE;
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+        if (RNODE_COLON2(node)->nd_head) {
+            return cpath_const_p(RNODE_COLON2(node)->nd_head);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+      default:
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
 compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *cpath)
 {
     if (nd_type_p(cpath, NODE_COLON3)) {
@@ -5983,9 +6147,13 @@ compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *cpath)
         return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
     }
     else if (nd_type_p(cpath, NODE_COLON2) && RNODE_COLON2(cpath)->nd_head) {
-        /* Bar::Foo */
+        /* Bar::Foo or expr::Foo */
         NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nd_else->nd_head", RNODE_COLON2(cpath)->nd_head));
-        return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
+        int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
+        if (!cpath_const_p(RNODE_COLON2(cpath)->nd_head)) {
+            flags |= VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_DYNAMIC_CREF;
+        }
+        return flags;
     }
     else {
         /* class at cbase Foo */
@@ -6342,7 +6510,7 @@ add_ensure_range(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct ensure_range *erange,
                  LABEL *lstart, LABEL *lend)
 {
     struct ensure_range *ne =
-        compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(struct ensure_range));
+        compile_data_alloc_type(iseq, struct ensure_range);
 
     while (erange->next != 0) {
         erange = erange->next;
@@ -6601,6 +6769,14 @@ setup_args_dup_rest_p(const NODE *argn)
         return false;
       case NODE_COLON2:
         return setup_args_dup_rest_p(RNODE_COLON2(argn)->nd_head);
+      case NODE_LIST:
+        while (argn) {
+            if (setup_args_dup_rest_p(RNODE_LIST(argn)->nd_head)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            argn = RNODE_LIST(argn)->nd_next;
+        }
+        return false;
       default:
         return true;
     }
@@ -6923,7 +7099,7 @@ compile_case(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_nod
     DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
     DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
     int only_special_literals = 1;
-    VALUE literals = rb_hash_new();
+    VALUE literals = cdhash_new(0);
     int line;
     enum node_type type;
     const NODE *line_node;
@@ -6934,8 +7110,6 @@ compile_case(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_nod
     INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
     INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
 
-    RHASH_TBL_RAW(literals)->type = &cdhash_type;
-
     CHECK(COMPILE(head, "case base", RNODE_CASE(node)->nd_head));
 
     branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, PTR2NUM(node), nd_code_loc(node), "case");
@@ -7556,6 +7730,7 @@ iseq_compile_pattern_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *c
             ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, putnil);
         }
         else {
+            RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(keys);
             ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, duparray, keys);
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, rb_obj_hide(keys));
         }
@@ -7593,7 +7768,8 @@ iseq_compile_pattern_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *c
                         ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, dup);
                         ADD_INSNL(ret, line_node, branchif, match_succeeded);
 
-                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, putobject, rb_str_freeze(rb_sprintf("key not found: %+"PRIsVALUE, key))); // (4)
+                        VALUE str = rb_str_freeze(rb_sprintf("key not found: %+"PRIsVALUE, key));
+                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, putobject, RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(str)); // (4)
                         ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, setn, INT2FIX(base_index + CASE3_BI_OFFSET_ERROR_STRING + 2 /* (3), (4) */));
                         ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, putobject, Qtrue); // (5)
                         ADD_INSN1(ret, line_node, setn, INT2FIX(base_index + CASE3_BI_OFFSET_KEY_ERROR_P + 3 /* (3), (4), (5) */));
@@ -8934,25 +9110,6 @@ compile_call_precheck_freeze(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE
         }
         return TRUE;
     }
-    /* optimization shortcut
-     *   obj["literal"] -> opt_aref_with(obj, "literal")
-     */
-    if (get_node_call_nd_mid(node) == idAREF && !private_recv_p(node) && get_nd_args(node) &&
-        nd_type_p(get_nd_args(node), NODE_LIST) && RNODE_LIST(get_nd_args(node))->as.nd_alen == 1 &&
-        (nd_type_p(RNODE_LIST(get_nd_args(node))->nd_head, NODE_STR) || nd_type_p(RNODE_LIST(get_nd_args(node))->nd_head, NODE_FILE)) &&
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
-        !frozen_string_literal_p(iseq) &&
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
-        VALUE str = get_string_value(RNODE_LIST(get_nd_args(node))->nd_head);
-        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", get_nd_recv(node)));
-        ADD_INSN2(ret, line_node, opt_aref_with, str,
-                  new_callinfo(iseq, idAREF, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE));
-        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
-        if (popped) {
-            ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, pop);
-        }
-        return TRUE;
-    }
     return FALSE;
 }
 
@@ -9110,6 +9267,9 @@ compile_builtin_attr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
             // Let the iseq act like a C method in backtraces
             ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->builtin_attrs |= BUILTIN_ATTR_C_TRACE;
         }
+        else if (strcmp(RSTRING_PTR(string), "without_interrupts") == 0) {
+            ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->builtin_attrs |= BUILTIN_ATTR_WITHOUT_INTERRUPTS;
+        }
         else {
             goto unknown_arg;
         }
@@ -9211,16 +9371,18 @@ compile_builtin_mandatory_only_method(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node, const N
     rb_node_init(RNODE(&scope_node), NODE_SCOPE);
     scope_node.nd_tbl = tbl;
     scope_node.nd_body = mandatory_node(iseq, node);
+    scope_node.nd_parent = NULL;
     scope_node.nd_args = &args_node;
 
     VALUE ast_value = rb_ruby_ast_new(RNODE(&scope_node));
 
-    ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->mandatory_only_iseq =
+    const rb_iseq_t *mandatory_only_iseq =
       rb_iseq_new_with_opt(ast_value, rb_iseq_base_label(iseq),
                            rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
                            nd_line(line_node), NULL, 0,
                            ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option,
                            ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->variable.script_lines);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->mandatory_only_iseq, (VALUE)mandatory_only_iseq);
 
     ALLOCV_END(idtmp);
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -9341,6 +9503,7 @@ compile_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, co
 
     INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
     INIT_ANCHOR(args);
+
 #if OPT_SUPPORT_JOKE
     if (nd_type_p(node, NODE_VCALL)) {
         ID id_bitblt;
@@ -9436,6 +9599,17 @@ compile_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, co
     }
 
     ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
+
+    bool inline_new = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction &&
+        mid == rb_intern("new") &&
+        parent_block == NULL &&
+        !(flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG);
+
+    if (inline_new) {
+        ADD_INSN(ret, node, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, node, swap);
+    }
+
     ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
 
     debugp_param("call args argc", argc);
@@ -9452,7 +9626,37 @@ compile_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, co
     if ((flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) && (flag & VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT) && !(flag & VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT)) {
         ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, splatkw);
     }
-    ADD_SEND_R(ret, line_node, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
+
+    LABEL *not_basic_new = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+    LABEL *not_basic_new_finish = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+
+    if (inline_new) {
+        // Jump unless the receiver uses the "basic" implementation of "new"
+        VALUE ci;
+        if (flag & VM_CALL_FORWARDING) {
+            ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, mid, NUM2INT(argc) + 1, flag, keywords, 0);
+        }
+        else {
+            ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, mid, NUM2INT(argc), flag, keywords, 0);
+        }
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, node, opt_new, ci, not_basic_new);
+        LABEL_REF(not_basic_new);
+
+        // optimized path
+        ADD_SEND_R(ret, line_node, rb_intern("initialize"), argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag | VM_CALL_FCALL), keywords);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line_node, jump, not_basic_new_finish);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, not_basic_new);
+        // Fall back to normal send
+        ADD_SEND_R(ret, line_node, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, swap);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, not_basic_new_finish);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line_node, pop);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADD_SEND_R(ret, line_node, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
+    }
 
     qcall_branch_end(iseq, ret, else_label, branches, node, line_node);
     if (popped) {
@@ -10037,9 +10241,13 @@ compile_match(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, i
     INIT_ANCHOR(val);
     switch ((int)type) {
       case NODE_MATCH:
-        ADD_INSN1(recv, node, putobject, rb_node_regx_string_val(node));
-        ADD_INSN2(val, node, getspecial, INT2FIX(0),
-                  INT2FIX(0));
+        {
+            VALUE re = rb_node_regx_string_val(node);
+            RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(re);
+            ADD_INSN1(recv, node, putobject, re);
+            ADD_INSN2(val, node, getspecial, INT2FIX(0),
+                      INT2FIX(0));
+        }
         break;
       case NODE_MATCH2:
         CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "receiver", RNODE_MATCH2(node)->nd_recv));
@@ -10116,6 +10324,7 @@ compile_colon3(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node,
     if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
         ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->ic_size++;
         VALUE segments = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(idNULL), ID2SYM(RNODE_COLON3(node)->nd_mid));
+        RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(segments);
         ADD_INSN1(ret, node, opt_getconstant_path, segments);
         RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, segments);
     }
@@ -10143,6 +10352,7 @@ compile_dots(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, in
             VALUE bv = optimized_range_item(b);
             VALUE ev = optimized_range_item(e);
             VALUE val = rb_range_new(bv, ev, excl);
+            rb_ractor_make_shareable(rb_obj_freeze(val));
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, val);
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, val);
         }
@@ -10237,31 +10447,6 @@ compile_attrasgn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node
     LABEL *else_label = NULL;
     VALUE branches = Qfalse;
 
-    /* optimization shortcut
-     *   obj["literal"] = value -> opt_aset_with(obj, "literal", value)
-     */
-    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn &&
-        mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args &&
-        nd_type_p(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args, NODE_LIST) && RNODE_LIST(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args)->as.nd_alen == 2 &&
-        (nd_type_p(RNODE_LIST(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args)->nd_head, NODE_STR) || nd_type_p(RNODE_LIST(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args)->nd_head, NODE_FILE)) &&
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
-        !frozen_string_literal_p(iseq) &&
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction)
-    {
-        VALUE str = get_string_value(RNODE_LIST(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args)->nd_head);
-        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_recv));
-        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "value", RNODE_LIST(RNODE_LIST(RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args)->nd_next)->nd_head));
-        if (!popped) {
-            ADD_INSN(ret, node, swap);
-            ADD_INSN1(ret, node, topn, INT2FIX(1));
-        }
-        ADD_INSN2(ret, node, opt_aset_with, str,
-                  new_callinfo(iseq, idASET, 2, 0, NULL, FALSE));
-        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
-        ADD_INSN(ret, node, pop);
-        return COMPILE_OK;
-    }
-
     INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
     INIT_ANCHOR(args);
     argc = setup_args(iseq, args, RNODE_ATTRASGN(node)->nd_args, &flag, NULL);
@@ -10604,8 +10789,10 @@ compile_shareable_literal_constant(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, enum rb_pa
             ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newarray, INT2FIX(RNODE_LIST(node)->as.nd_alen));
         }
         else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_HASH) {
-            int len = (int)RNODE_LIST(RNODE_HASH(node)->nd_head)->as.nd_alen;
-            ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newhash, INT2FIX(len));
+            long len = RNODE_LIST(RNODE_HASH(node)->nd_head)->as.nd_alen;
+            RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len >= 0);
+            RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(RB_POSFIXABLE(len));
+            ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newhash, LONG2FIX(len));
         }
         *value_p = Qundef;
         *shareable_literal_p = 0;
@@ -10619,8 +10806,10 @@ compile_shareable_literal_constant(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, enum rb_pa
             ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newarray, INT2FIX(RNODE_LIST(node)->as.nd_alen));
         }
         else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_HASH) {
-            int len = (int)RNODE_LIST(RNODE_HASH(node)->nd_head)->as.nd_alen;
-            ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newhash, INT2FIX(len));
+            long len = RNODE_LIST(RNODE_HASH(node)->nd_head)->as.nd_alen;
+            RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len >= 0);
+            RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(RB_POSFIXABLE(len));
+            ADD_INSN1(anchor, node, newhash, LONG2FIX(len));
         }
         CHECK(compile_make_shareable_node(iseq, ret, anchor, node, false));
         *value_p = Qundef;
@@ -10707,7 +10896,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
         if (nd_fl_newline(node)) {
             int event = RUBY_EVENT_LINE;
             ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = line;
-            if (ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
+            if (line > 0 && ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
                 event |= RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_LINE;
             }
             ADD_TRACE(ret, event);
@@ -10794,10 +10983,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
 
       case NODE_MASGN:{
-        bool prev_in_masgn = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn;
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn = true;
         compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, popped);
-        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->in_masgn = prev_in_masgn;
         break;
       }
 
@@ -10979,6 +11165,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
         if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
             body->ic_size++;
             VALUE segments = rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(RNODE_CONST(node)->nd_vid));
+            RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(segments);
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, opt_getconstant_path, segments);
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, segments);
         }
@@ -11044,6 +11231,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
       case NODE_INTEGER:{
         VALUE lit = rb_node_integer_literal_val(node);
+        if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
         debugp_param("integer", lit);
         if (!popped) {
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
@@ -11053,6 +11241,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
       case NODE_FLOAT:{
         VALUE lit = rb_node_float_literal_val(node);
+        if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
         debugp_param("float", lit);
         if (!popped) {
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
@@ -11062,6 +11251,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
       case NODE_RATIONAL:{
         VALUE lit = rb_node_rational_literal_val(node);
+        rb_ractor_make_shareable(lit);
         debugp_param("rational", lit);
         if (!popped) {
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
@@ -11071,6 +11261,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       }
       case NODE_IMAGINARY:{
         VALUE lit = rb_node_imaginary_literal_val(node);
+        rb_ractor_make_shareable(lit);
         debugp_param("imaginary", lit);
         if (!popped) {
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
@@ -11087,13 +11278,14 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
             if ((option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) &&
                 option->frozen_string_literal != ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DISABLED) {
                 lit = rb_str_with_debug_created_info(lit, rb_iseq_path(iseq), line);
+                RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
             }
             switch (option->frozen_string_literal) {
               case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_UNSET:
-                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putchilledstring, lit);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, dupchilledstring, lit);
                 break;
               case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DISABLED:
-                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putstring, lit);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, node, dupstring, lit);
                 break;
               case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_ENABLED:
                 ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
@@ -11141,6 +11333,7 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
       case NODE_REGX:{
         if (!popped) {
             VALUE lit = rb_node_regx_string_val(node);
+            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(lit);
             ADD_INSN1(ret, node, putobject, lit);
             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
         }
@@ -11333,9 +11526,20 @@ iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const no
         CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "sclass#recv", RNODE_SCLASS(node)->nd_recv));
         ADD_INSN (ret, node, putnil);
         CONST_ID(singletonclass, "singletonclass");
+
+        /* `class << self` in a class body and `class << Foo` (constant
+           receiver) are stable. All other forms are potentially dynamic. */
+        int sclass_flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_SINGLETON_CLASS;
+        const NODE *recv = RNODE_SCLASS(node)->nd_recv;
+        if (!(nd_type_p(recv, NODE_SELF) &&
+              ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->type == ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS) &&
+            !cpath_const_p(recv)) {
+            sclass_flags |= VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_DYNAMIC_CREF;
+        }
+
         ADD_INSN3(ret, node, defineclass,
                   ID2SYM(singletonclass), singleton_class,
-                  INT2FIX(VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_SINGLETON_CLASS));
+                  INT2FIX(sclass_flags));
         RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)singleton_class);
 
         if (popped) {
@@ -11558,7 +11762,7 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
                 {
                     const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
                     rb_str_cat2(str, "<calldata:");
-                    if (vm_ci_mid(ci)) rb_str_catf(str, "%"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(vm_ci_mid(ci)));
+                    if (vm_ci_mid(ci)) rb_str_append(str, rb_id2str(vm_ci_mid(ci)));
                     rb_str_catf(str, ", %d>", vm_ci_argc(ci));
                     break;
                 }
@@ -11912,7 +12116,7 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor,
             }
 
             if (argc > 0) {
-                argv = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
+                argv = compile_data_calloc2_type(iseq, VALUE, argc);
 
                 // add element before operand setup to make GC root
                 ADD_ELEM(anchor,
@@ -11992,18 +12196,18 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor,
                       case TS_CDHASH:
                         {
                             int i;
-                            VALUE map = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(op)/2);
+                            VALUE map = cdhash_new(RARRAY_LEN(op) / 2);
 
-                            RHASH_TBL_RAW(map)->type = &cdhash_type;
                             op = rb_to_array_type(op);
                             for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(op); i+=2) {
                                 VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(op, i);
                                 VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(op, i+1);
                                 LABEL *label =
                                   register_label(iseq, labels_table, sym);
-                                rb_hash_aset(map, key, (VALUE)label | 1);
+                                cdhash_aset(map, key, (VALUE)label);
                             }
                             RB_GC_GUARD(op);
+                            RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(map); // allow mutation while compiling
                             argv[j] = map;
                             RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
                         }
@@ -12128,38 +12332,33 @@ iseq_build_kw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE params, VALUE keywords)
 }
 
 static void
-iseq_insn_each_object_mark_and_pin(VALUE obj, VALUE _)
+iseq_insn_each_object_mark_and_move(VALUE * obj, VALUE _)
 {
-    rb_gc_mark(obj);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(obj);
 }
 
 void
-rb_iseq_mark_and_pin_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
+rb_iseq_mark_and_move_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
 {
     INSN *iobj = 0;
     size_t size = sizeof(INSN);
+    size_t align = ALIGNMENT_SIZE_OF(INSN);
     unsigned int pos = 0;
 
     while (storage) {
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
-        size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[pos], size);
-#else
-        const size_t padding = 0; /* expected to be optimized by compiler */
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+        size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[pos], align);
         size_t offset = pos + size + padding;
         if (offset > storage->size || offset > storage->pos) {
             pos = 0;
             storage = storage->next;
         }
         else {
-#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
             pos += (int)padding;
-#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
 
             iobj = (INSN *)&storage->buff[pos];
 
             if (iobj->operands) {
-                iseq_insn_each_markable_object(iobj, iseq_insn_each_object_mark_and_pin, (VALUE)0);
+                iseq_insn_each_markable_object(iobj, iseq_insn_each_object_mark_and_move, (VALUE)0);
             }
             pos += (int)size;
         }
@@ -12350,7 +12549,7 @@ typedef uint32_t ibf_offset_t;
 
 #define IBF_MAJOR_VERSION ISEQ_MAJOR_VERSION
 #ifdef RUBY_DEVEL
-#define IBF_DEVEL_VERSION 4
+#define IBF_DEVEL_VERSION 5
 #define IBF_MINOR_VERSION (ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION * 10000 + IBF_DEVEL_VERSION)
 #else
 #define IBF_MINOR_VERSION ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION
@@ -12509,8 +12708,13 @@ static ibf_offset_t
 ibf_dump_write(struct ibf_dump *dump, const void *buff, unsigned long size)
 {
     ibf_offset_t pos = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
+    /* ensure the resulting dump does not exceed UINT_MAX */
+    if (size >= UINT_MAX || pos + size >= UINT_MAX) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "dump size exceeds");
+    }
+#endif
     rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, (const char *)buff, size);
-    /* TODO: overflow check */
     return pos;
 }
 
@@ -12748,7 +12952,8 @@ ibf_load_builtin(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
     const struct rb_builtin_function *table = GET_VM()->builtin_function_table;
     if (table == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function table is not provided");
     if (strncmp(table[i].name, name, len) != 0) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function index (%d) mismatch (expect %s but %s)", i, name, table[i].name);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function index (%d) mismatch (expect %.*s but %s)",
+                 i, len, name, table[i].name);
     }
     // fprintf(stderr, "load-builtin: name:%s(%d)\n", table[i].name, table[i].argc);
 
@@ -12834,21 +13039,23 @@ ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecod
     VALUE iseqv = (VALUE)iseq;
     unsigned int code_index;
     ibf_offset_t reading_pos = bytecode_offset;
-    VALUE *code = ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq_size);
+    VALUE *code = ZALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq_size);
 
     struct rb_iseq_constant_body *load_body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
     struct rb_call_data *cd_entries = load_body->call_data;
     int ic_index = 0;
 
-    iseq_bits_t * mark_offset_bits;
-
-    iseq_bits_t tmp[1] = {0};
+    load_body->iseq_encoded = code;
+    load_body->iseq_size = iseq_size;
 
+    iseq_bits_t * mark_offset_bits;
     if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(iseq_size) == 1) {
-        mark_offset_bits = tmp;
+        load_body->mark_bits.single = 0;
+        mark_offset_bits = &load_body->mark_bits.single;
     }
     else {
-        mark_offset_bits = ZALLOC_N(iseq_bits_t, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(iseq_size));
+        load_body->mark_bits.list = ZALLOC_N(iseq_bits_t, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(iseq_size));
+        mark_offset_bits = load_body->mark_bits.list;
     }
     bool needs_bitmap = false;
 
@@ -12880,10 +13087,6 @@ ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecod
                 {
                     VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
                     VALUE v = ibf_load_object(load, op);
-                    v = rb_hash_dup(v); // hash dumped as frozen
-                    RHASH_TBL_RAW(v)->type = &cdhash_type;
-                    rb_hash_rehash(v); // hash function changed
-                    freeze_hide_obj(v);
 
                     // Overwrite the existing hash in the object list.  This
                     // is to keep the object alive during load time.
@@ -12934,12 +13137,12 @@ ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecod
                         if (insn == BIN(setinstancevariable)) {
                             ID iv_name = (ID)code[code_index - 1];
                             cache->iv_set_name = iv_name;
+                            cache->value = IVAR_CACHE_INIT;
                         }
                         else {
                             cache->iv_set_name = 0;
+                            cache->value = rb_getivar_cache_pack(ROOT_SHAPE_ID, ATTR_INDEX_NOT_SET);
                         }
-
-                        vm_ic_attr_index_initialize(cache, INVALID_SHAPE_ID);
                     }
 
                 }
@@ -12971,20 +13174,9 @@ ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecod
         }
     }
 
-    load_body->iseq_encoded = code;
-    load_body->iseq_size = code_index;
-
-    if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(load_body->iseq_size) == 1) {
-        load_body->mark_bits.single = mark_offset_bits[0];
-    }
-    else {
-        if (needs_bitmap) {
-            load_body->mark_bits.list = mark_offset_bits;
-        }
-        else {
-            load_body->mark_bits.list = 0;
-            ruby_xfree(mark_offset_bits);
-        }
+    if (!needs_bitmap) {
+        SIZED_FREE_N(load_body->mark_bits.list, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(iseq_size));
+        load_body->mark_bits.list = NULL;
     }
 
     RUBY_ASSERT(code_index == iseq_size);
@@ -13156,7 +13348,7 @@ ibf_dump_local_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     return ibf_dump_write(dump, table, sizeof(ID) * size);
 }
 
-static ID *
+static const ID *
 ibf_load_local_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t local_table_offset, int size)
 {
     if (size > 0) {
@@ -13166,7 +13358,14 @@ ibf_load_local_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t local_table_offse
         for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
             table[i] = ibf_load_id(load, table[i]);
         }
-        return table;
+
+        if (size == 1 && table[0] == idERROR_INFO) {
+            ruby_xfree_sized(table, sizeof(ID) * size);
+            return rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl;
+        }
+        else {
+            return table;
+        }
     }
     else {
         return NULL;
@@ -13174,6 +13373,28 @@ ibf_load_local_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t local_table_offse
 }
 
 static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_lvar_states(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
+    const int size = body->local_table_size;
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(enum lvar_state);
+    return ibf_dump_write(dump, body->lvar_states, sizeof(enum lvar_state) * (body->lvar_states ? size : 0));
+}
+
+static enum lvar_state *
+ibf_load_lvar_states(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t lvar_states_offset, int size, const ID *local_table)
+{
+    if (local_table == rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl ||
+        size <= 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        enum lvar_state *states = IBF_R(lvar_states_offset, enum lvar_state, size);
+        return states;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
 ibf_dump_catch_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     const struct iseq_catch_table *table = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->catch_table;
@@ -13203,12 +13424,13 @@ ibf_dump_catch_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     }
 }
 
-static struct iseq_catch_table *
-ibf_load_catch_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset, unsigned int size)
+static void
+ibf_load_catch_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset, unsigned int size, const rb_iseq_t *parent_iseq)
 {
     if (size) {
-        struct iseq_catch_table *table = ruby_xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(size));
+        struct iseq_catch_table *table = ruby_xcalloc(1, iseq_catch_table_bytes(size));
         table->size = size;
+        ISEQ_BODY(parent_iseq)->catch_table = table;
 
         ibf_offset_t reading_pos = catch_table_offset;
 
@@ -13221,12 +13443,12 @@ ibf_load_catch_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t catch_table_offse
             table->entries[i].cont = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
             table->entries[i].sp = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
 
-            table->entries[i].iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)iseq_index);
+            rb_iseq_t *catch_iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)iseq_index);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITE(parent_iseq, UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(&table->entries[i], iseq), catch_iseq);
         }
-        return table;
     }
     else {
-        return NULL;
+        ISEQ_BODY(parent_iseq)->catch_table = NULL;
     }
 }
 
@@ -13297,6 +13519,14 @@ outer_variable_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
 {
     const struct outer_variable_pair *ap = (const struct outer_variable_pair *)a;
     const struct outer_variable_pair *bp = (const struct outer_variable_pair *)b;
+
+    if (!ap->name) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (!bp->name) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     return rb_str_cmp(ap->name, bp->name);
 }
 
@@ -13337,6 +13567,11 @@ ibf_load_ci_entries(const struct ibf_load *load,
                     unsigned int ci_size,
                     struct rb_call_data **cd_ptr)
 {
+    if (!ci_size) {
+        *cd_ptr = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
     ibf_offset_t reading_pos = ci_entries_offset;
 
     unsigned int i;
@@ -13429,9 +13664,10 @@ ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 
     positions = rb_iseq_insns_info_decode_positions(ISEQ_BODY(iseq));
     const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = ibf_dump_insns_info_positions(dump, positions, body->insns_info.size);
-    ruby_xfree(positions);
+    SIZED_FREE_N(positions, ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->insns_info.size);
 
     const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = ibf_dump_local_table(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t lvar_states_offset = ibf_dump_lvar_states(dump, iseq);
     const unsigned int catch_table_size =   body->catch_table ? body->catch_table->size : 0;
     const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = ibf_dump_catch_table(dump, iseq);
     const int parent_iseq_index =           ibf_dump_iseq(dump, ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->parent_iseq);
@@ -13464,7 +13700,8 @@ ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
         (body->param.flags.anon_rest        << 10) |
         (body->param.flags.anon_kwrest      << 11) |
         (body->param.flags.use_block        << 12) |
-        (body->param.flags.forwardable      << 13) ;
+        (body->param.flags.forwardable      << 13) |
+        (body->param.flags.accepts_no_block << 14);
 
 #if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
 #  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (x)
@@ -13499,6 +13736,7 @@ ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(insns_info_positions_offset));
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->insns_info.size);
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(local_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(lvar_states_offset));
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, catch_table_size);
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(catch_table_offset));
     ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, parent_iseq_index);
@@ -13610,6 +13848,7 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
     const unsigned int insns_info_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t lvar_states_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
     const unsigned int catch_table_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
     const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
     const int parent_iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
@@ -13682,6 +13921,7 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     load_body->param.flags.anon_kwrest = (param_flags >> 11) & 1;
     load_body->param.flags.use_block = (param_flags >> 12) & 1;
     load_body->param.flags.forwardable = (param_flags >> 13) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.accepts_no_block = (param_flags >> 14) & 1;
     load_body->param.size = param_size;
     load_body->param.lead_num = param_lead_num;
     load_body->param.opt_num = param_opt_num;
@@ -13726,10 +13966,16 @@ ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
     load_body->insns_info.body      = ibf_load_insns_info_body(load, insns_info_body_offset, insns_info_size);
     load_body->insns_info.positions = ibf_load_insns_info_positions(load, insns_info_positions_offset, insns_info_size);
     load_body->local_table          = ibf_load_local_table(load, local_table_offset, local_table_size);
-    load_body->catch_table          = ibf_load_catch_table(load, catch_table_offset, catch_table_size);
-    load_body->parent_iseq          = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)parent_iseq_index);
-    load_body->local_iseq           = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)local_iseq_index);
-    load_body->mandatory_only_iseq  = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)mandatory_only_iseq_index);
+    load_body->lvar_states          = ibf_load_lvar_states(load, lvar_states_offset, local_table_size, load_body->local_table);
+    ibf_load_catch_table(load, catch_table_offset, catch_table_size, iseq);
+
+    const rb_iseq_t *parent_iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)parent_iseq_index);
+    const rb_iseq_t *local_iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)local_iseq_index);
+    const rb_iseq_t *mandatory_only_iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)mandatory_only_iseq_index);
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->parent_iseq, parent_iseq);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->local_iseq, local_iseq);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->mandatory_only_iseq, mandatory_only_iseq);
 
     // This must be done after the local table is loaded.
     if (load_body->param.keyword != NULL) {
@@ -13803,8 +14049,6 @@ ibf_dump_iseq_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, struct ibf_header *header)
     header->iseq_list_size = (unsigned int)size;
 }
 
-#define IBF_OBJECT_INTERNAL FL_PROMOTED0
-
 /*
  * Binary format
  * - ibf_object_header
@@ -13864,7 +14108,11 @@ struct ibf_object_symbol {
 
 #define IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(align, offset) /* offset > 0 */ \
     ((((offset) - 1) / (align) + 1) * (align))
-#define IBF_OBJBODY(type, offset) (const type *)\
+/* No cast, since it's UB to create an unaligned pointer.
+ * Leave as void* for use with memcpy in those cases.
+ * We align the offset, but the buffer pointer is only VALUE aligned,
+ * so the returned pointer may be unaligned for `type` .*/
+#define IBF_OBJBODY(type, offset) \
     ibf_load_check_offset(load, IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(RUBY_ALIGNOF(type), offset))
 
 static const void *
@@ -13959,8 +14207,12 @@ ibf_dump_object_float(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 ibf_load_object_float(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
 {
-    const double *dblp = IBF_OBJBODY(double, offset);
-    return DBL2NUM(*dblp);
+    double d;
+    /* Avoid unaligned VFP load on ARMv7; IBF payload may be unaligned (C99 6.3.2.3 p7). */
+    memcpy(&d, IBF_OBJBODY(double, offset), sizeof(d));
+    VALUE f = DBL2NUM(d);
+    if (!FLONUM_P(f)) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(f);
+    return f;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -14031,7 +14283,7 @@ ibf_load_object_regexp(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_head
     VALUE reg = rb_reg_compile(srcstr, (int)regexp.option, NULL, 0);
 
     if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(reg);
-    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(reg);
+    if (header->frozen) RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_obj_freeze(reg));
 
     return reg;
 }
@@ -14062,7 +14314,10 @@ ibf_load_object_array(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_heade
         rb_ary_push(ary, ibf_load_object(load, index));
     }
 
-    if (header->frozen) rb_ary_freeze(ary);
+    if (header->frozen) {
+        rb_ary_freeze(ary);
+        rb_ractor_make_shareable(ary); // TODO: check elements
+    }
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -14093,7 +14348,7 @@ static VALUE
 ibf_load_object_hash(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
 {
     long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
-    VALUE obj = rb_hash_new_with_size(len);
+    VALUE obj = header->frozen ? rb_hash_alloc_fixed_size(rb_cHash, len) : rb_hash_new_with_size(len);
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
@@ -14104,10 +14359,59 @@ ibf_load_object_hash(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header
         VALUE val = ibf_load_object(load, val_index);
         rb_hash_aset(obj, key, val);
     }
-    rb_hash_rehash(obj);
 
     if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
-    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    if (header->frozen) {
+        RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(obj);
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_cdhash_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+
+    VALUE key_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, (VALUE)key);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, key_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, val);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_imemo(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
+      case imemo_cdhash: {
+        st_table *tbl = rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(obj);
+
+        long len = tbl->num_entries;
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)len);
+        if (len > 0) st_foreach(tbl, ibf_dump_cdhash_i, (VALUE)dump);
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        ibf_dump_object_unsupported(dump, obj);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_imemo(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+    VALUE obj = cdhash_new(len);
+
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        VALUE key_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+        VALUE val = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+        VALUE key = ibf_load_object(load, key_index);
+        cdhash_aset(obj, key, val);
+    }
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -14143,7 +14447,7 @@ ibf_load_object_struct(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_head
     VALUE end = ibf_load_object(load, range->end);
     VALUE obj = rb_range_new(beg, end, range->excl);
     if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
-    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -14171,7 +14475,7 @@ ibf_load_object_bignum(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_head
                                   big_unpack_flags |
                                   (sign == 0 ? INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE : 0));
     if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
-    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -14232,7 +14536,7 @@ ibf_load_object_complex_rational(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_o
       rb_complex_new(a, b) : rb_rational_new(a, b);
 
     if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
-    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    if (header->frozen) rb_ractor_make_shareable(rb_obj_freeze(obj));
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -14288,7 +14592,7 @@ static const ibf_dump_object_function dump_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
-    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_dump_object_imemo,       /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
     ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
@@ -14345,7 +14649,7 @@ ibf_dump_object_object(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
     else {
         obj_header.internal = SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) ? FALSE : (RBASIC_CLASS(obj) == 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
         obj_header.special_const = FALSE;
-        obj_header.frozen = FL_TEST(obj, FL_FREEZE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+        obj_header.frozen = OBJ_FROZEN(obj) ? TRUE : FALSE;
         ibf_dump_object_object_header(dump, obj_header);
         (*dump_object_functions[obj_header.type])(dump, obj);
     }
@@ -14381,7 +14685,7 @@ static const ibf_load_object_function load_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
-    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_load_object_imemo,       /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
     ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
@@ -14737,7 +15041,7 @@ static void
 ibf_loader_free(void *ptr)
 {
     struct ibf_load *load = (struct ibf_load *)ptr;
-    ruby_xfree(load);
+    SIZED_FREE(load);
 }
 
 static size_t
diff --git a/complex.c b/complex.c
index 6e4ec3b6c2..8c661f2019 100644
--- a/complex.c
+++ b/complex.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "internal/array.h"
 #include "internal/class.h"
 #include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
 #include "internal/math.h"
 #include "internal/numeric.h"
 #include "internal/object.h"
@@ -51,20 +52,6 @@ static ID id_abs, id_arg,
 #define id_quo idQuo
 #define id_fdiv idFdiv
 
-#define fun1(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 0);\
-}
-
-#define fun2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 1, y);\
-}
-
 #define PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
 
 inline static VALUE
@@ -275,8 +262,6 @@ f_to_f(VALUE x)
     return rb_funcall(x, id_to_f, 0);
 }
 
-fun1(to_r)
-
 inline static int
 f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -287,8 +272,18 @@ f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return (int)rb_equal(x, y);
 }
 
-fun2(expt)
-fun2(fdiv)
+static VALUE
+f_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_int_fdiv(x, y);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_float_div(x, y);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return rb_rational_fdiv(x, y);
+
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_fdiv, 1, &y);
+}
 
 static VALUE
 f_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -317,24 +312,6 @@ f_negative_p(VALUE x)
 
 #define f_positive_p(x) (!f_negative_p(x))
 
-inline static bool
-f_zero_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
-        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
-    }
-    else if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
-    }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
-        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
-    }
-    return rb_equal(x, ZERO) != 0;
-}
-
-#define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
-
 static inline bool
 always_finite_type_p(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -392,8 +369,7 @@ k_numeric_p(VALUE x)
 inline static VALUE
 nucomp_s_new_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RComplex, klass,
-            T_COMPLEX | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_COMPLEX ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0), sizeof(struct RComplex), 0);
+    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RComplex, klass, T_COMPLEX, sizeof(struct RComplex));
 
     RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(obj, real);
     RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(obj, imag);
@@ -799,9 +775,9 @@ rb_complex_imag(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   -complex -> new_complex
+ *   -self -> complex
  *
- * Returns the negation of +self+, which is the negation of each of its parts:
+ * Returns +self+, negated, which is the negation of each of its parts:
  *
  *   -Complex.rect(1, 2)   # => (-1-2i)
  *   -Complex.rect(-1, -2) # => (1+2i)
@@ -816,17 +792,26 @@ rb_complex_uminus(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *   complex + numeric -> new_complex
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    self + other -> numeric
+ *
+ *  Returns the sum of +self+ and +other+:
  *
- * Returns the sum of +self+ and +numeric+:
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + 0  # => (1+2i)
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + 1  # => (2+2i)
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + -1 # => (0+2i)
  *
- *   Complex.rect(2, 3)  + Complex.rect(2, 3)  # => (4+6i)
- *   Complex.rect(900)   + Complex.rect(1)     # => (901+0i)
- *   Complex.rect(-2, 9) + Complex.rect(-9, 2) # => (-11+11i)
- *   Complex.rect(9, 8)  + 4                   # => (13+8i)
- *   Complex.rect(20, 9) + 9.8                 # => (29.8+9i)
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + 1.0  # => (2.0+2i)
  *
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + Complex(2, 1)     # => (3+3i)
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + Complex(2.0, 1.0) # => (3.0+3.0i)
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + Rational(1, 1) # => ((2/1)+2i)
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + Rational(1, 2) # => ((3/2)+2i)
+ *
+ *  For a computation involving Floats, the result may be inexact (see Float#+):
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2) + 3.14 # => (4.140000000000001+2i)
  */
 VALUE
 rb_complex_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
@@ -852,9 +837,9 @@ rb_complex_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex - numeric -> new_complex
+ *   self - other -> complex
  *
- * Returns the difference of +self+ and +numeric+:
+ * Returns the difference of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *   Complex.rect(2, 3)  - Complex.rect(2, 3)  # => (0+0i)
  *   Complex.rect(900)   - Complex.rect(1)     # => (899+0i)
@@ -913,15 +898,16 @@ comp_mul(VALUE areal, VALUE aimag, VALUE breal, VALUE bimag, VALUE *real, VALUE
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex * numeric -> new_complex
+ *   self * other -> numeric
  *
- * Returns the product of +self+ and +numeric+:
+ * Returns the numeric product of +self+ and +other+:
  *
+ *   Complex.rect(9, 8)  * 4                   # => (36+32i)
+ *   Complex.rect(20, 9) * 9.8                 # => (196.0+88.2i)
  *   Complex.rect(2, 3)  * Complex.rect(2, 3)  # => (-5+12i)
  *   Complex.rect(900)   * Complex.rect(1)     # => (900+0i)
  *   Complex.rect(-2, 9) * Complex.rect(-9, 2) # => (0-85i)
- *   Complex.rect(9, 8)  * 4                   # => (36+32i)
- *   Complex.rect(20, 9) * 9.8                 # => (196.0+88.2i)
+ *   Complex.rect(9, 8)  * Rational(2, 3)      # => ((6/1)+(16/3)*i)
  *
  */
 VALUE
@@ -989,9 +975,9 @@ f_divide(VALUE self, VALUE other,
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex / numeric -> new_complex
+ *   self / other -> complex
  *
- * Returns the quotient of +self+ and +numeric+:
+ * Returns the quotient of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *   Complex.rect(2, 3)  / Complex.rect(2, 3)  # => (1+0i)
  *   Complex.rect(900)   / Complex.rect(1)     # => (900+0i)
@@ -1065,7 +1051,8 @@ complex_pow_for_special_angle(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     else if (f_eqeq_p(dat->real, f_negate(dat->imag))) {
         x = dat->imag;
         dir = 3;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         dir = 0;
     }
 
@@ -1111,9 +1098,9 @@ complex_pow_for_special_angle(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex ** numeric -> new_complex
+ *   self ** exponent -> complex
  *
- * Returns +self+ raised to power +numeric+:
+ * Returns +self+ raised to the power +exponent+:
  *
  *   Complex.rect(0, 1) ** 2            # => (-1+0i)
  *   Complex.rect(-8) ** Rational(1, 3) # => (1.0000000000000002+1.7320508075688772i)
@@ -1204,21 +1191,20 @@ rb_complex_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other)
         if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(other))
             rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 
-        r = f_abs(self);
-        theta = f_arg(self);
+        r = rb_num_pow(f_abs(self), other);
+        theta = f_mul(f_arg(self), other);
 
-        return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), f_expt(r, other),
-                               f_mul(theta, other));
+        return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), r, theta);
     }
     return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id_expt);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex == object -> true or false
+ *   self == other -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if <tt>self.real == object.real</tt>
- * and <tt>self.imag == object.imag</tt>:
+ * Returns whether both <tt>self.real == other.real</tt>
+ * and <tt>self.imag == other.imag</tt>:
  *
  *   Complex.rect(2, 3)  == Complex.rect(2.0, 3.0) # => true
  *
@@ -1249,14 +1235,16 @@ nucomp_real_p(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   complex <=> object -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *   self <=> other -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *
+ * Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
  * Returns:
  *
- * - <tt>self.real <=> object.real</tt> if both of the following are true:
+ * - <tt>self.real <=> other.real</tt> if both of the following are true:
  *
  *   - <tt>self.imag == 0</tt>.
- *   - <tt>object.imag == 0</tt>. # Always true if object is numeric but not complex.
+ *   - <tt>other.imag == 0</tt> (always true if +other+ is numeric but not complex).
  *
  * - +nil+ otherwise.
  *
@@ -1269,6 +1257,8 @@ nucomp_real_p(VALUE self)
  *   Complex.rect(1) <=> Complex.rect(1, 1) # => nil # object.imag not zero.
  *   Complex.rect(1) <=> 'Foo'              # => nil # object.imag not defined.
  *
+ * \Class \Complex includes module Comparable,
+ * each of whose methods uses Complex#<=> for comparison.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
@@ -1764,12 +1754,6 @@ rb_complex_new_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_complex_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    return rb_complex_new_polar(x, y);
-}
-
-VALUE
 rb_Complex(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE a[2];
@@ -1794,7 +1778,7 @@ rb_dbl_complex_new(double real, double imag)
  *   Complex.rect(1, Rational(0, 1)).to_i # => 1
  *
  * Raises RangeError if <tt>self.imag</tt> is not exactly zero
- * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, _n_)</tt>).
+ * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, n)</tt>).
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_i(VALUE self)
@@ -1818,7 +1802,7 @@ nucomp_to_i(VALUE self)
  *   Complex.rect(1, Rational(0, 1)).to_f # => 1.0
  *
  * Raises RangeError if <tt>self.imag</tt> is not exactly zero
- * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, _n_)</tt>).
+ * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, n)</tt>).
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_f(VALUE self)
@@ -1843,7 +1827,7 @@ nucomp_to_f(VALUE self)
  *   Complex.rect(1, 0.0).to_r            # => (1/1)
  *
  * Raises RangeError if <tt>self.imag</tt> is not exactly zero
- * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, _n_)</tt>)
+ * (either <tt>Integer(0)</tt> or <tt>Rational(0, n)</tt>)
  * and <tt>self.imag.to_r</tt> is not exactly zero.
  *
  * Related: Complex#rationalize.
@@ -1863,7 +1847,7 @@ nucomp_to_r(VALUE self)
                      self);
         }
     }
-    return f_to_r(dat->real);
+    return rb_funcallv(dat->real, id_to_r, 0, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1926,21 +1910,6 @@ nucomp_to_c(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   to_c -> (0+0i)
- *
- * Returns zero as a Complex:
- *
- *   nil.to_c # => (0+0i)
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-nilclass_to_c(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_complex_new1(INT2FIX(0));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
  *   to_c -> complex
  *
  * Returns +self+ as a Complex object.
@@ -2243,28 +2212,156 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self, int raise)
  * call-seq:
  *   to_c -> complex
  *
- * Returns +self+ interpreted as a Complex object;
- * leading whitespace and trailing garbage are ignored:
- *
- *   '9'.to_c                 # => (9+0i)
- *   '2.5'.to_c               # => (2.5+0i)
- *   '2.5/1'.to_c             # => ((5/2)+0i)
- *   '-3/2'.to_c              # => ((-3/2)+0i)
- *   '-i'.to_c                # => (0-1i)
- *   '45i'.to_c               # => (0+45i)
- *   '3-4i'.to_c              # => (3-4i)
- *   '-4e2-4e-2i'.to_c        # => (-400.0-0.04i)
- *   '-0.0-0.0i'.to_c         # => (-0.0-0.0i)
- *   '1/2+3/4i'.to_c          # => ((1/2)+(3/4)*i)
- *   '1.0@0'.to_c             # => (1+0.0i)
+ * Returns a Complex object:
+ * parses the leading substring of +self+
+ * to extract two numeric values that become the coordinates of the complex object.
+ *
+ * The substring is interpreted as containing
+ * either rectangular coordinates (real and imaginary parts)
+ * or polar coordinates (magnitude and angle parts),
+ * depending on an included or implied "separator" character:
+ *
+ * - <tt>'+'</tt>, <tt>'-'</tt>, or no separator: rectangular coordinates.
+ * - <tt>'@'</tt>: polar coordinates.
+ *
+ * <b>In Brief</b>
+ *
+ * In these examples, we use method Complex#rect to display rectangular coordinates,
+ * and method Complex#polar to display polar coordinates.
+ *
+ *   # Rectangular coordinates.
+ *
+ *   # Real-only: no separator; imaginary part is zero.
+ *   '9'.to_c.rect         # => [9, 0]         # Integer.
+ *   '-9'.to_c.rect        # => [-9, 0]        # Integer (negative).
+ *   '2.5'.to_c.rect       # => [2.5, 0]       # Float.
+ *   '1.23e-14'.to_c.rect  # => [1.23e-14, 0]  # Float with exponent.
+ *   '2.5/1'.to_c.rect     # => [(5/2), 0]     # Rational.
+ *
+ *   # Some things are ignored.
+ *   'foo1'.to_c.rect      # => [0, 0]         # Unparsed entire substring.
+ *   '1foo'.to_c.rect      # => [1, 0]         # Unparsed trailing substring.
+ *   ' 1 '.to_c.rect       # => [1, 0]         # Leading and trailing whitespace.
+ *   *
+ *   # Imaginary only: trailing 'i' required; real part is zero.
+ *   '9i'.to_c.rect        # => [0, 9]
+ *   '-9i'.to_c.rect       # => [0, -9]
+ *   '2.5i'.to_c.rect      # => [0, 2.5]
+ *   '1.23e-14i'.to_c.rect # => [0, 1.23e-14]
+ *   '2.5/1i'.to_c.rect    # => [0, (5/2)]
+ *
+ *   # Real and imaginary; '+' or '-' separator; trailing 'i' required.
+ *   '2+3i'.to_c.rect      # => [2, 3]
+ *   '-2-3i'.to_c.rect     # => [-2, -3]
+ *   '2.5+3i'.to_c.rect    # => [2.5, 3]
+ *   '2.5+3/2i'.to_c.rect  # => [2.5, (3/2)]
+ *
+ *   # Polar coordinates; '@' separator; magnitude required.
+ *   '1.0@0'.to_c.polar             # => [1.0, 0.0]
+ *   '1.0@'.to_c.polar              # => [1.0, 0.0]
+ *   "1.0@#{Math::PI}".to_c.polar   # => [1.0, 3.141592653589793]
+ *   "1.0@#{Math::PI/2}".to_c.polar # => [1.0, 1.5707963267948966]
+ *
+ * <b>Parsed Values</b>
+ *
+ * The parsing may be thought of as searching for numeric literals
+ * embedded in the substring.
+ *
+ * This section shows how the method parses numeric values from leading substrings.
+ * The examples show real-only or imaginary-only parsing;
+ * the parsing is the same for each part.
+ *
+ *   '1foo'.to_c # => (1+0i)      # Ignores trailing unparsed characters.
+ *   ' 1 '.to_c  # => (1+0i)      # Ignores leading and trailing whitespace.
+ *   'x1'.to_c   # => (0+0i)      # Finds no leading numeric.
+ *
+ *   # Integer literal embedded in the substring.
+ *   '1'.to_c       # => (1+0i)
+ *   '-1'.to_c      # => (-1+0i)
+ *   '1i'.to_c      # => (0+1i)
+ *
+ *   # Integer literals that don't work.
+ *   '0b100'.to_c   # => (0+0i)   # Not parsed as binary.
+ *   '0o100'.to_c   # => (0+0i)   # Not parsed as octal.
+ *   '0d100'.to_c   # => (0+0i)   # Not parsed as decimal.
+ *   '0x100'.to_c   # => (0+0i)   # Not parsed as hexadecimal.
+ *   '010'.to_c     # => (10+0i)  # Not parsed as octal.
+ *
+ *   # Float literals:
+ *   '3.14'.to_c    # => (3.14+0i)
+ *   '3.14i'.to_c   # => (0+3.14i)
+ *   '1.23e4'.to_c  # => (12300.0+0i)
+ *   '1.23e+4'.to_c # => (12300.0+0i)
+ *   '1.23e-4'.to_c # => (0.000123+0i)
+ *
+ *   # Rational literals:
+ *   '1/2'.to_c     # => ((1/2)+0i)
+ *   '-1/2'.to_c    # => ((-1/2)+0i)
+ *   '1/2r'.to_c    # => ((1/2)+0i)
+ *   '-1/2r'.to_c   # => ((-1/2)+0i)
+ *
+ * <b>Rectangular Coordinates</b>
+ *
+ * With separator <tt>'+'</tt> or <tt>'-'</tt>,
+ * or with no separator,
+ * interprets the values as rectangular coordinates: real and imaginary.
+ *
+ * With no separator, assigns a single value to either the real or the imaginary part:
+ *
+ *   ''.to_c  # => (0+0i)  # Defaults to zero.
+ *  '1'.to_c  # => (1+0i)  # Real (no trailing 'i').
+ *  '1i'.to_c # => (0+1i)  # Imaginary (trailing 'i').
+ *  'i'.to_c  # => (0+1i)  # Special case (imaginary 1).
+ *
+ * With separator <tt>'+'</tt>, both parts positive (or zero):
+ *
+ *   # Without trailing 'i'.
+ *   '+'.to_c    # => (0+0i)  # No values: defaults to zero.
+ *   '+1'.to_c   # => (1+0i)  # Value after '+': real only.
+ *   '1+'.to_c   # => (1+0i)  # Value before '+': real only.
+ *   '2+1'.to_c  # => (2+0i)  # Values before and after '+': real and imaginary.
+ *   # With trailing 'i'.
+ *   '+1i'.to_c  # => (0+1i)  # Value after '+': imaginary only.
+ *   '2+i'.to_c  # => (2+1i)  # Value before '+': real and imaginary 1.
+ *   '2+1i'.to_c # => (2+1i)  # Values before and after '+': real and imaginary.
+ *
+ * With separator <tt>'-'</tt>, negative imaginary part:
+ *
+ *   # Without trailing 'i'.
+ *   '-'.to_c    # => (0+0i)   # No values: defaults to zero.
+ *   '-1'.to_c   # => (-1+0i)  # Value after '-': negative real, zero imaginary.
+ *   '1-'.to_c   # => (1+0i)   # Value before '-': positive real, zero imaginary.
+ *   '2-1'.to_c  # => (2+0i)   # Values before and after '-': positive real, zero imaginary.
+ *   # With trailing 'i'.
+ *   '-1i'.to_c  # => (0-1i)   # Value after '-': negative real, zero imaginary.
+ *   '2-i'.to_c  # => (2-1i)   # Value before '-': positive real, negative imaginary.
+ *   '2-1i'.to_c # => (2-1i)   # Values before and after '-': positive real, negative imaginary.
+ *
+ * Note that the suffixed character <tt>'i'</tt>
+ * may instead be one of <tt>'I'</tt>, <tt>'j'</tt>, or <tt>'J'</tt>,
+ * with the same effect.
+ *
+ * <b>Polar Coordinates</b>
+ *
+ * With separator <tt>'@'</tt>)
+ * interprets the values as polar coordinates: magnitude and angle.
+ *
+ *   '2@'.to_c.polar  # => [2, 0.0]    # Value before '@': magnitude only.
+ *    # Values before and after '@': magnitude and angle.
+ *   '2@1'.to_c.polar # => [2.0, 1.0]
  *   "1.0@#{Math::PI/2}".to_c # => (0.0+1i)
  *   "1.0@#{Math::PI}".to_c   # => (-1+0.0i)
+ *   # Magnitude not given: defaults to zero.
+ *   '@'.to_c.polar   # => [0, 0.0]
+ *   '@1'.to_c.polar  # => [0, 0.0]
  *
- * Returns \Complex zero if the string cannot be converted:
+ *   '1.0@0'.to_c             # => (1+0.0i)
  *
- *   'ruby'.to_c        # => (0+0i)
+ * Note that in all cases, the suffixed character <tt>'i'</tt>
+ * may instead be one of <tt>'I'</tt>, <tt>'j'</tt>, <tt>'J'</tt>,
+ * with the same effect.
  *
- * See Kernel#Complex.
+ * See {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non--5CString].
  */
 static VALUE
 string_to_c(VALUE self)
@@ -2289,7 +2386,7 @@ nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise)
 {
     if (NIL_P(a1) || NIL_P(a2)) {
         if (!raise) return Qnil;
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert nil into Complex");
+        rb_cant_convert(Qnil, "Complex");
     }
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_STRING)) {
@@ -2523,9 +2620,9 @@ float_arg(VALUE self)
  * First, what's elsewhere:
  *
  * - Class \Complex inherits (directly or indirectly)
- *   from classes {Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@What-27s+Here]
- *   and {Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- * - Includes (indirectly) module {Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@What-27s+Here].
+ *   from classes {Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@Whats-Here]
+ *   and {Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats-Here].
+ * - Includes (indirectly) module {Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@Whats-Here].
  *
  * Here, class \Complex has methods for:
  *
@@ -2692,7 +2789,6 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_r", nucomp_to_r, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rationalize", nucomp_rationalize, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_c", nucomp_to_c, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "to_c", nilclass_to_c, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "to_c", numeric_to_c, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cString, "to_c", string_to_c, 0);
diff --git a/concurrent_set.c b/concurrent_set.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42a5bfe8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/concurrent_set.c
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/concurrent_set.h"
+#include "ruby/atomic.h"
+#include "vm_sync.h"
+
+#define CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT ((VALUE)1 << (sizeof(VALUE) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
+#define CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK (~CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT)
+
+enum concurrent_set_special_values {
+    CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY,
+    CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED,
+    CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED,
+    CONCURRENT_SET_SPECIAL_VALUE_COUNT
+};
+
+struct concurrent_set_entry {
+    VALUE hash;
+    VALUE key;
+};
+
+struct concurrent_set {
+    rb_atomic_t size;
+    unsigned int capacity;
+    unsigned int deleted_entries;
+    const struct rb_concurrent_set_funcs *funcs;
+    struct concurrent_set_entry *entries;
+};
+
+static void
+concurrent_set_mark_continuation(struct concurrent_set_entry *entry, VALUE curr_hash_and_flags)
+{
+    if (curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT) return;
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT((curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK) != 0);
+
+    VALUE new_hash = curr_hash_and_flags | CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT;
+    VALUE prev_hash = rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&entry->hash, curr_hash_and_flags, new_hash, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+
+    // At the moment we only expect to be racing concurrently against another
+    // thread also setting the continuation bit.
+    // In the future if deletion is concurrent this will need adjusting
+    RUBY_ASSERT(prev_hash == curr_hash_and_flags || prev_hash == new_hash);
+    (void)prev_hash;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+concurrent_set_hash(const struct concurrent_set *set, VALUE key)
+{
+    VALUE hash = set->funcs->hash(key);
+    hash &= CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK;
+    if (hash == 0) {
+        hash ^= CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK;
+    }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(hash != 0);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!(hash & CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT));
+    return hash;
+}
+
+static void
+concurrent_set_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct concurrent_set *set = ptr;
+    SIZED_FREE_N(set->entries, set->capacity);
+}
+
+static size_t
+concurrent_set_size(const void *ptr)
+{
+    const struct concurrent_set *set = ptr;
+    return sizeof(struct concurrent_set) +
+        (set->capacity * sizeof(struct concurrent_set_entry));
+}
+
+/* Hack: Though it would be trivial, we're intentionally avoiding WB-protecting
+ * this object. This prevents the object from aging and ensures it can always be
+ * collected in a minor GC.
+ * Longer term this deserves a better way to reclaim memory promptly.
+ */
+static void
+concurrent_set_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    (void)ptr;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t concurrent_set_type = {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "VM/concurrent_set",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = concurrent_set_mark,
+        .dfree = concurrent_set_free,
+        .dsize = concurrent_set_size,
+    },
+    /* Hack: NOT WB_PROTECTED on purpose (see above) */
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+};
+
+VALUE
+rb_concurrent_set_new(const struct rb_concurrent_set_funcs *funcs, int capacity)
+{
+    struct concurrent_set *set;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct concurrent_set, &concurrent_set_type, set);
+    set->funcs = funcs;
+    set->entries = ZALLOC_N(struct concurrent_set_entry, capacity);
+    set->capacity = capacity;
+    return obj;
+}
+
+rb_atomic_t
+rb_concurrent_set_size(VALUE set_obj)
+{
+    struct concurrent_set *set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+
+    return RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(set->size);
+}
+
+struct concurrent_set_probe {
+    int idx;
+    int d;
+    int mask;
+};
+
+static int
+concurrent_set_probe_start(struct concurrent_set_probe *probe, struct concurrent_set *set, VALUE hash)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT((set->capacity & (set->capacity - 1)) == 0);
+    probe->d = 0;
+    probe->mask = set->capacity - 1;
+    probe->idx = hash & probe->mask;
+    return probe->idx;
+}
+
+static int
+concurrent_set_probe_next(struct concurrent_set_probe *probe)
+{
+    probe->d++;
+    probe->idx = (probe->idx + probe->d) & probe->mask;
+    return probe->idx;
+}
+
+static void
+concurrent_set_try_resize_without_locking(VALUE old_set_obj, VALUE *set_obj_ptr)
+{
+    // Check if another thread has already resized.
+    if (rbimpl_atomic_value_load(set_obj_ptr, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) != old_set_obj) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct concurrent_set *old_set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(old_set_obj);
+
+    // This may overcount by up to the number of threads concurrently attempting to insert
+    // GC may also happen between now and the set being rebuilt
+    int expected_size = rbimpl_atomic_load(&old_set->size, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED) - old_set->deleted_entries;
+
+    // NOTE: new capacity must make sense with load factor, don't change one without checking the other.
+    struct concurrent_set_entry *old_entries = old_set->entries;
+    int old_capacity = old_set->capacity;
+    int new_capacity = old_capacity * 2;
+    if (new_capacity > expected_size * 8) {
+        new_capacity = old_capacity / 2;
+    }
+    else if (new_capacity > expected_size * 4) {
+        new_capacity = old_capacity;
+    }
+
+    // May cause GC and therefore deletes, so must happen first.
+    VALUE new_set_obj = rb_concurrent_set_new(old_set->funcs, new_capacity);
+    struct concurrent_set *new_set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(new_set_obj);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < old_capacity; i++) {
+        struct concurrent_set_entry *old_entry = &old_entries[i];
+        VALUE key = rbimpl_atomic_value_exchange(&old_entry->key, CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+        RUBY_ASSERT(key != CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED);
+
+        if (key < CONCURRENT_SET_SPECIAL_VALUE_COUNT) continue;
+        if (!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(key) && rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(key)) continue;
+
+        VALUE hash = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(&old_entry->hash, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED) & CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK;
+        RUBY_ASSERT(hash != 0);
+        RUBY_ASSERT(hash == concurrent_set_hash(old_set, key));
+
+        // Insert key into new_set.
+        struct concurrent_set_probe probe;
+        int idx = concurrent_set_probe_start(&probe, new_set, hash);
+
+        while (true) {
+            struct concurrent_set_entry *entry = &new_set->entries[idx];
+
+            if (entry->hash == CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY) {
+                RUBY_ASSERT(entry->key == CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY);
+
+                new_set->size++;
+                RUBY_ASSERT(new_set->size <= new_set->capacity / 2);
+
+                entry->key = key;
+                entry->hash = hash;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            RUBY_ASSERT(entry->key >= CONCURRENT_SET_SPECIAL_VALUE_COUNT);
+            entry->hash |= CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT;
+            idx = concurrent_set_probe_next(&probe);
+        }
+    }
+
+    rbimpl_atomic_value_store(set_obj_ptr, new_set_obj, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(old_set_obj);
+}
+
+static void
+concurrent_set_try_resize(VALUE old_set_obj, VALUE *set_obj_ptr)
+{
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        concurrent_set_try_resize_without_locking(old_set_obj, set_obj_ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_concurrent_set_find(VALUE *set_obj_ptr, VALUE key)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(key >= CONCURRENT_SET_SPECIAL_VALUE_COUNT);
+
+    VALUE set_obj;
+    VALUE hash = 0;
+    struct concurrent_set *set;
+    struct concurrent_set_probe probe;
+    int idx;
+
+  retry:
+    set_obj = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(set_obj_ptr, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(set_obj);
+    set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+
+    if (hash == 0) {
+        // We don't need to recompute the hash on every retry because it should
+        // never change.
+        hash = concurrent_set_hash(set, key);
+    }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(hash == concurrent_set_hash(set, key));
+
+    idx = concurrent_set_probe_start(&probe, set, hash);
+
+    while (true) {
+        struct concurrent_set_entry *entry = &set->entries[idx];
+        VALUE curr_hash_and_flags = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(&entry->hash, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+        VALUE curr_hash = curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK;
+        bool continuation = curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT;
+
+        if (curr_hash_and_flags == CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (curr_hash != hash) {
+            if (!continuation) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            idx = concurrent_set_probe_next(&probe);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        VALUE curr_key = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(&entry->key, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+
+        switch (curr_key) {
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY:
+            // In-progress insert: hash written but key not yet
+            break;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED:
+            break;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED:
+            // Wait
+            RB_VM_LOCKING();
+
+            goto retry;
+          default: {
+            if (UNLIKELY(!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(curr_key) && rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(curr_key))) {
+                // This is a weakref set, so after marking but before sweeping is complete we may find a matching garbage object.
+                // Skip it and let the GC pass clean it up
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (set->funcs->cmp(key, curr_key)) {
+                // We've found a match.
+                RB_GC_GUARD(set_obj);
+                return curr_key;
+            }
+
+            if (!continuation) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        idx = concurrent_set_probe_next(&probe);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_concurrent_set_find_or_insert(VALUE *set_obj_ptr, VALUE key, void *data)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(key >= CONCURRENT_SET_SPECIAL_VALUE_COUNT);
+
+    // First attempt to find
+    {
+        VALUE result = rb_concurrent_set_find(set_obj_ptr, key);
+        if (result) return result;
+    }
+
+    // First time we need to call create, and store the hash
+    VALUE set_obj = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(set_obj_ptr, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(set_obj);
+
+    struct concurrent_set *set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+    key = set->funcs->create(key, data);
+    VALUE hash = concurrent_set_hash(set, key);
+
+    struct concurrent_set_probe probe;
+    int idx;
+
+    goto start_search;
+
+retry:
+    // On retries we only need to load the hash object
+    set_obj = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(set_obj_ptr, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(set_obj);
+    set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(hash == concurrent_set_hash(set, key));
+
+start_search:
+    idx = concurrent_set_probe_start(&probe, set, hash);
+
+    while (true) {
+        struct concurrent_set_entry *entry = &set->entries[idx];
+        VALUE curr_hash_and_flags = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(&entry->hash, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+        VALUE curr_hash = curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK;
+        bool continuation = curr_hash_and_flags & CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT;
+
+        if (curr_hash_and_flags == CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY) {
+            // Reserve this slot for our hash value
+            curr_hash_and_flags = rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&entry->hash, CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY, hash, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+            if (curr_hash_and_flags != CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY) {
+                // Lost race, retry same slot to check winner's hash
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // CAS succeeded, so these are the values stored
+            curr_hash_and_flags = hash;
+            curr_hash = hash;
+
+            // Fall through to try to claim key
+        }
+
+        if (curr_hash != hash) {
+            goto probe_next;
+        }
+
+        VALUE curr_key = rbimpl_atomic_value_load(&entry->key, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+
+        switch (curr_key) {
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY: {
+            rb_atomic_t prev_size = rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(&set->size, 1, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+
+            // Load_factor reached at 75% full. ex: prev_size: 32, capacity: 64, load_factor: 50%.
+            bool load_factor_reached = (uint64_t)(prev_size * 4) >= (uint64_t)(set->capacity * 3);
+
+            if (UNLIKELY(load_factor_reached)) {
+                concurrent_set_try_resize(set_obj, set_obj_ptr);
+                goto retry;
+            }
+
+            VALUE prev_key = rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&entry->key, CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY, key, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+            if (prev_key == CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY) {
+                RUBY_ASSERT(rb_concurrent_set_find(set_obj_ptr, key) == key);
+                RB_GC_GUARD(set_obj);
+                return key;
+            }
+            else {
+                // Entry was not inserted.
+                rbimpl_atomic_sub(&set->size, 1, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+
+                // Another thread won the race, try again at the same location.
+                continue;
+            }
+          }
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED:
+            break;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED:
+            // Wait
+            RB_VM_LOCKING();
+            goto retry;
+          default:
+            // We're never GC during our search
+            // If the continuation bit wasn't set at the start of our search,
+            // any concurrent find with the same hash value would also look at
+            // this location and try to swap curr_key
+            if (UNLIKELY(!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(curr_key) && rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(curr_key))) {
+                if (continuation) {
+                    goto probe_next;
+                }
+                {
+                    VALUE prev = rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&entry->key, curr_key, CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+                    if (prev == curr_key) {
+                        rbimpl_atomic_sub(&set->size, 1, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+                    }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (set->funcs->cmp(key, curr_key)) {
+                // We've found a live match.
+                RB_GC_GUARD(set_obj);
+
+                // We created key using set->funcs->create, but we didn't end
+                // up inserting it into the set. Free it here to prevent memory
+                // leaks.
+                if (set->funcs->free) set->funcs->free(key);
+
+                return curr_key;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+      probe_next:
+        RUBY_ASSERT(curr_hash_and_flags != CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY);
+        concurrent_set_mark_continuation(entry, curr_hash_and_flags);
+        idx = concurrent_set_probe_next(&probe);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+concurrent_set_delete_entry_locked(struct concurrent_set *set, struct concurrent_set_entry *entry)
+{
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
+
+    if (entry->hash & CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT) {
+        entry->hash = CONCURRENT_SET_CONTINUATION_BIT;
+        entry->key = CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED;
+        set->deleted_entries++;
+    }
+    else {
+        entry->hash = CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY;
+        entry->key = CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY;
+        set->size--;
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_concurrent_set_delete_by_identity(VALUE set_obj, VALUE key)
+{
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
+
+    struct concurrent_set *set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+
+    VALUE hash = concurrent_set_hash(set, key);
+
+    struct concurrent_set_probe probe;
+    int idx = concurrent_set_probe_start(&probe, set, hash);
+
+    while (true) {
+        struct concurrent_set_entry *entry = &set->entries[idx];
+        VALUE curr_key = entry->key;
+
+        switch (curr_key) {
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY:
+            // We didn't find our entry to delete.
+            return 0;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED:
+            break;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED:
+            rb_bug("rb_concurrent_set_delete_by_identity: moved entry");
+            break;
+          default:
+            if (key == curr_key) {
+                RUBY_ASSERT((entry->hash & CONCURRENT_SET_HASH_MASK) == hash);
+                concurrent_set_delete_entry_locked(set, entry);
+                return curr_key;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        idx = concurrent_set_probe_next(&probe);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_concurrent_set_foreach_with_replace(VALUE set_obj, int (*callback)(VALUE *key, void *data), void *data)
+{
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
+
+    struct concurrent_set *set = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(set_obj);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < set->capacity; i++) {
+        struct concurrent_set_entry *entry = &set->entries[i];
+        VALUE key = entry->key;
+
+        switch (key) {
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_EMPTY:
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_DELETED:
+            continue;
+          case CONCURRENT_SET_MOVED:
+            rb_bug("rb_concurrent_set_foreach_with_replace: moved entry");
+            break;
+          default: {
+            int ret = callback(&entry->key, data);
+            switch (ret) {
+              case ST_STOP:
+                return;
+              case ST_DELETE:
+                concurrent_set_delete_entry_locked(set, entry);
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 88b7d2ae85..2de91209d6 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ dnl 93(bright yellow) is copied from .github/workflows/mingw.yml
 AC_ARG_VAR([cflags], [additional CFLAGS (ignored when CFLAGS is given)])dnl
 AC_ARG_VAR([cppflags], [additional CPPFLAGS (ignored when CPPFLAGS is given)])dnl
 AC_ARG_VAR([cxxflags], [additional CXXFLAGS (ignored when CXXFLAGS is given)])dnl
+AC_ARG_VAR([rustc_flags], [additional RUSTC_FLAGS])dnl
 
 [begin]_group "environment section" && {
 HAVE_BASERUBY=yes
@@ -82,9 +83,17 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
 	],
 	[
 		AC_PATH_PROG([BASERUBY], [ruby], [false])
+		HAVE_BASERUBY=
 	])
-AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" != no], [
-    RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems -rerb -rfileutils -rtempfile "${tooldir}/missing-baseruby.bat" || HAVE_BASERUBY=no
+AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" = no], [
+    # --without-baseruby
+], [error=`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems "${tooldir}/missing-baseruby.bat" --verbose 2>&1`], [
+    HAVE_BASERUBY=yes
+], [test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" = ""], [ # no --with-baseruby option
+    AC_MSG_WARN($error)            # just warn and continue
+    HAVE_BASERUBY=no
+], [                               # the ruby given by --with-baseruby is too old
+    AC_MSG_ERROR($error)           # bail out
 ])
 AS_IF([test "${HAVE_BASERUBY:=no}" != no], [
     AS_CASE(["$build_os"], [mingw*], [
@@ -101,16 +110,44 @@ AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" = no], [
 ])
 AC_SUBST(BASERUBY)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_BASERUBY)
+AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling" = yes],
+    [X_BUILD_EXEEXT=`$BASERUBY -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["EXEEXT"]']`],
+    [X_BUILD_EXEEXT='$(EXEEXT)']
+)
+AC_SUBST(X_BUILD_EXEEXT)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(dump-ast,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-dump-ast=DUMP_AST], [use DUMP_AST as dump_ast; for cross-compiling with a host-built dump_ast]),
+	[DUMP_AST=$withval DUMP_AST_TARGET='$(empty)'],
+	[AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling" = yes], [
+	    DUMP_AST='build-tool/dump_ast$(BUILD_EXEEXT)'
+	], [
+	    DUMP_AST='./dump_ast$(BUILD_EXEEXT)'
+	])
+	DUMP_AST_TARGET='$(DUMP_AST)'])
+dnl Without baseruby, .rbinc files cannot be regenerated, so clear the
+dnl dependency on dump_ast to avoid rebuilding pre-generated .rbinc files.
+AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" = no], [DUMP_AST_TARGET='$(empty)'])
+AC_SUBST(X_DUMP_AST, "${DUMP_AST}")
+AC_SUBST(X_DUMP_AST_TARGET, "${DUMP_AST_TARGET}")
 
 : ${GIT=git}
 HAVE_GIT=yes
 AC_ARG_WITH(git,
 	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-git], [never use git]),
 	[AS_CASE([$withval],
-	    [no],  [GIT=never-use HAVE_GIT=no],
+	    [no],  [HAVE_GIT=no],
 	    [yes], [],
 	    [GIT=$withval])])
-AS_IF([test x"$HAVE_GIT" = xyes], [command -v "$GIT" > /dev/null || HAVE_GIT=no])
+{
+    test x"$HAVE_GIT" = xyes &&
+    command -v "$GIT" > /dev/null &&
+    # `git -C`: 1.8.5
+    # `git log --no-show-signature`: 2.10.0
+    AS_CASE([`$GIT -C . --version 2> /dev/null | sed 's/.* //'`],
+    [0.*|1.*|2.@<:@0-9@:>@.*], [false],
+    [true])
+} || HAVE_GIT=no GIT=never-use
 AC_SUBST(GIT)
 AC_SUBST(HAVE_GIT)
 
@@ -251,6 +288,11 @@ AS_CASE(["/${rb_CC} "],
     RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([OBJDUMP], [clang], [${llvm_prefix}objdump])
     RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([RANLIB],  [clang], [${llvm_prefix}ranlib])
     RUBY_CHECK_PROG_FOR_CC([STRIP],   [clang], [${llvm_prefix}strip])
+
+    # These -Wno-* flags silence clang-specific diagnostics that don't exist
+    # in GCC.  GCC silently accepts unknown -Wno-* flags but later emits noisy
+    # "unrecognized command-line option" notes whenever another warning fires.
+    clang_warnflags="-Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign"
 ])
 AS_UNSET(rb_CC)
 AS_UNSET(rb_dummy)
@@ -264,6 +306,8 @@ AS_CASE(["${build_os}"],
 ])
 AS_CASE(["${target_os}"],
 [cygwin*|msys*|mingw*|darwin*], [
+    ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"
+    ac_cv_prog_OBJCOPY=":"
     ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"
 ])
 
@@ -286,6 +330,8 @@ AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJCOPY], [gobjcopy objcopy], [:])
 AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJDUMP], [gobjdump objdump])
 AC_CHECK_TOOLS([STRIP],   [gstrip strip], [:])
 
+FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
+
 # nm errors with Rust's LLVM bitcode when Rust uses a newer LLVM version than nm.
 # In case we're working with llvm-nm, tell it to not worry about the bitcode.
 AS_IF([${NM} --help 2>&1 | grep -q 'llvm-bc'], [NM="$NM --no-llvm-bc"])
@@ -460,6 +506,8 @@ AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
     # so wrap clang to insert our fake wasm-opt, which does nothing, in PATH.
     CC_WRAPPER=`cd -P "${tooldir}" && pwd`/wasm-clangw
     CC="$CC_WRAPPER $CC"
+
+    FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:wasm/GNUmakefile.in
   ])
 
 cc_version=
@@ -501,6 +549,8 @@ AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
     target_cpu=`echo $target_cpu | sed s/i.86/i386/`
     AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
     AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
+    # cygwin/GNUmakefile.in is not exclusively for cygwin.
+    FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
     AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
     [mingw*], [
 	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && unset rb_cv_msvcrt
@@ -521,7 +571,6 @@ AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
     ])
     rb_cv_binary_elf=no
     : ${enable_shared=yes}
-    AS_IF([$WINDRES --version | grep LLVM > /dev/null], [USE_LLVM_WINDRES=yes], [USE_LLVM_WINDRES=no])
     ],
 [hiuxmpp*], [AC_DEFINE(__HIUX_MPP__)])    # by TOYODA Eizi <toyoda@npd.kishou.go.jp>
 
@@ -603,6 +652,22 @@ AS_IF([test -f conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd], [
 rm -fr conf$$.dir
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$CHDIR])
 AC_SUBST(CHDIR)
+
+AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
+    mkdir conftest.dir
+    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
+    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
+    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
+    rm -fr conftest.dir
+    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
+    [*yes*], [
+	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:template/GNUmakefile.in
+	gnumake=yes],
+    [
+	gnumake=no])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
+])
 }
 
 [begin]_group "compiler section" && {
@@ -675,7 +740,7 @@ AS_IF([test "$fdeclspec" = yes], [
     RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(cflags, -fdeclspec)
     RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(orig_cflags, -fdeclspec)
 ])
-RUBY_TRY_CXXFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [fdeclspec=yes], [fdeclspec=no])
+RUBY_TRY_CXXFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [fdeclspec=yes], [fdeclspec=no], [@%:@include <cstdio>])
 AS_IF([test "$fdeclspec" = yes], [
     RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CXXFLAGS, -fdeclspec)
 ])
@@ -703,6 +768,12 @@ AS_CASE(["$GCC:${warnflags+set}:${extra_warnflags:+set}:"],
     AS_CASE([ $CFLAGS ], [*" -save-temps="*|*" -save-temps "*], [], [
 	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Werror=misleading-indentation"
     ])
+    AS_CASE([$target_os], [mingw*], [
+	# 64bit Windows is IL32P64; shorten-64-to-32 causes tons of warnigs
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Wno-shorten-64-to-32"
+    ], [
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Werror=shorten-64-to-32"
+    ])
 
     # ICC doesn't support -Werror=
     AS_IF([test $icc_version -gt 0], [
@@ -716,19 +787,15 @@ AS_CASE(["$GCC:${warnflags+set}:${extra_warnflags:+set}:"],
 		 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration \
 		 -Werror=implicit-int \
 		 -Werror=pointer-arith \
-		 -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 \
 		 -Werror=write-strings \
 		 -Werror=old-style-definition \
 		 -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 \
 		 -Wmissing-noreturn \
 		 -Wno-cast-function-type \
-		 -Wno-constant-logical-operand \
 		 -Wno-long-long \
 		 -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
 		 -Wno-overlength-strings \
 		 -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat \
-		 -Wno-parentheses-equality \
-		 -Wno-self-assign \
 		 -Wno-tautological-compare \
 		 -Wno-unused-parameter \
 		 -Wno-unused-value \
@@ -736,6 +803,7 @@ AS_CASE(["$GCC:${warnflags+set}:${extra_warnflags:+set}:"],
 		 -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
 		 -Wunused-variable \
 		 -diag-disable=175,188,1684,2259,2312 \
+		 $clang_warnflags \
 		 $extra_warnflags \
 		 ; do
 	AS_IF([test "$particular_werror_flags" != yes], [
@@ -1006,7 +1074,7 @@ AS_IF([test "x$OPT_DIR" != x], [
     save_IFS="$IFS" IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR" val= PWD=
     for dir in $OPT_DIR; do
         test -z "$dir" && continue
-        dir=`eval $CHDIR '"$dir"' && pwd` || continue
+        dir=`eval $CHDIR '"$dir"' 2>/dev/null && pwd` || continue
         val="${val:+$val$PATH_SEPARATOR}$dir"
     done
     IFS="$save_IFS" OPT_DIR="$val"
@@ -1228,6 +1296,11 @@ main()
 		ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=no
 		ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=no
 		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
+		ac_cv_func_chown=yes
+		ac_cv_func_getegid=yes
+		ac_cv_func_geteuid=yes
+		ac_cv_func_getgid=yes
+		ac_cv_func_getuid=yes
 		ac_cv_func_execv=yes
 		ac_cv_func_lstat=yes
 		ac_cv_func_times=yes
@@ -1240,6 +1313,8 @@ main()
 		ac_cv_func_readlink=yes
 		ac_cv_func_shutdown=yes
 		ac_cv_func_symlink=yes
+		ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
+		ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
 		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
 		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no
 		ac_cv_func_memcmp_working=yes
@@ -1250,16 +1325,14 @@ main()
 		ac_cv_func_gmtime_r=yes
 		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
 		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
 		ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=no
 		ac_cv_type_off_t=yes
 		ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8
 		AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" = x64], [
 		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=yes
 		    ac_cv_func_round=no
+		    ac_cv_func_tgamma=no
 		])
-		ac_cv_func_tgamma=no
 		AC_CHECK_TYPE([NET_LUID], [], [],
 			      [@%:@include <winsock2.h>
 			       @%:@include <windows.h>
@@ -1374,6 +1447,7 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADERS(process.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pwd.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/asan_interface.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/msan_interface.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/tsan_interface.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(setjmpex.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(stdalign.h)
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS(stdio.h)
@@ -1681,21 +1755,6 @@ AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func_weak" != x], [
    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_FUNC_WEAK)
 ])
 
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __attribute__((__deprecated__(msg))) in C++],
-  rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround,
-  RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
-        [],
-        [__attribute__((__deprecated__("message"))) int conftest(...);])],
-      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=yes],
-      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=no])
-    AC_LANG_POP()]))
-AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround" != no],[
-  AC_DEFINE([RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED(msg)],
-    [__attribute__((__deprecated__(msg)))])])
-
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([for std::nullptr_t], rb_cv_CXX_nullptr, [
   AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
   AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
@@ -1745,6 +1804,26 @@ AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
 		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=no])])
     AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins" = yes], [
 	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+	for lib in "" atomic; do
+	    AS_IF([test "$lib" != ""], [
+		AC_CHECK_LIB([atomic], [__atomic_fetch_add_8])
+		unset rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins_64
+	    ])
+	    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for 64bit __atomic builtins${lib:+ with -l$lib}],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins_64], [
+		AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdint.h>
+			    uint64_t atomic_var;]],
+			    [[
+				__atomic_load_n(&atomic_var, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+				__atomic_store_n(&atomic_var, 0, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
+			    ]])],
+			    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins_64=yes],
+			    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins_64=no])])
+	    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins_64" = yes], [
+		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS_64)
+		break
+	    ])
+	done
     ])
 
     AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins], [
@@ -1808,10 +1887,6 @@ RUBY_DECL_ATTRIBUTE([__nonnull__(n)], [RUBY_FUNC_NONNULL(n,x)], [rb_cv_func_nonn
 
 RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_EXPORT)
 
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(mathn,
-    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-mathn], [enable canonicalization for mathn]),
-    [AC_MSG_ERROR([mathn support has been dropped])])
-
 AC_CACHE_CHECK(for function name string predefined identifier,
     rb_cv_function_name_string,
     [AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[openbsd*],[
@@ -2439,9 +2514,7 @@ AC_CACHE_CHECK(for negative time_t for gmtime(3), rb_cv_negative_time_t,
 #include <time.h>
 
 void
-check(tm, y, m, d, h, s)
-    struct tm *tm;
-    int y, m, d, h, s;
+check(struct tm *tm, int y, int m, int d, int h, int s)
 {
     if (!tm ||
 	tm->tm_year != y ||
@@ -2525,8 +2598,7 @@ AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_sigprocmask" = yes && test "$ac_cv_func_sigaction" = ye
 #include <signal.h>
 
 void
-sig_handler(dummy)
-     int dummy;
+sig_handler(int dummy)
 {
 }
 
@@ -3469,7 +3541,7 @@ AS_IF([test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes], [
     # darwin target requires miniruby for linking ext bundles
     PREP="$PREP"' miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
   ])
-  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
+  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`$(CHDIR) $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
   RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)'
   XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
   TEST_RUNNABLE=no
@@ -3495,7 +3567,6 @@ AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY)
 AC_SUBST(XRUBY)
 AC_SUBST(EXTOUT, [${EXTOUT=.ext}])
 
-FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
 LIBRUBY_A='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a'
 LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_A)'
 LIBRUBYARG_STATIC='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static'
@@ -3512,7 +3583,8 @@ AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
 
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(multiarch,
 	      AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-multiarch], [enable multiarch compatible directories]),
-	      [multiarch=], [unset multiarch])
+	      [AS_CASE([$enableval], [no], [unset multiarch], [multiarch=])],
+	      [unset multiarch])
 AS_IF([test ${multiarch+set}], [
    AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_MULTIARCH)
 ])
@@ -3662,6 +3734,7 @@ AS_CASE("$enable_shared", [yes], [
 	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-current_version $(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
 	AS_IF([test "$visibility_option" = ld], [
 	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*'
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_InitVM_*'
 	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_ruby_static_id_*'
 	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,*_threadptr_*'
 	])
@@ -3860,39 +3933,39 @@ AC_SUBST(INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 AC_CHECK_PROG(RUSTC, [rustc], [rustc], [no]) dnl no ac_tool_prefix
 
 dnl check if rustc is recent enough to build YJIT (rustc >= 1.58.0)
-YJIT_RUSTC_OK=no
+JIT_RUSTC_OK=no
+JIT_TARGET_ARCH=
 AS_IF([test "$RUSTC" != "no"],
     AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether ${RUSTC} works for YJIT])
-    YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=
     AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-        [arm64|aarch64], [YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=aarch64],
-        [x86_64], [YJIT_TARGET_ARCH=x86_64],
+        [arm64|aarch64], [JIT_TARGET_ARCH=aarch64],
+        [x86_64], [JIT_TARGET_ARCH=x86_64],
     )
     dnl Fails in case rustc target doesn't match ruby target.
     dnl Can happen on Rosetta, for example.
-    AS_IF([echo "#[cfg(target_arch = \"$YJIT_TARGET_ARCH\")] fn main() { let x = 1; format!(\"{x}\"); }" |
+    AS_IF([echo "#[cfg(target_arch = \"$JIT_TARGET_ARCH\")] fn main() { let x = 1; format!(\"{x}\"); }" |
             $RUSTC - --emit asm=/dev/null 2>/dev/null],
-        [YJIT_RUSTC_OK=yes]
+        [JIT_RUSTC_OK=yes]
     )
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($YJIT_RUSTC_OK)
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($JIT_RUSTC_OK)
 )
 
-dnl check if we can build YJIT on this target platform
+dnl check if we can build YJIT/ZJIT on this target platform
 dnl we can't easily cross-compile with rustc so we don't support that
-YJIT_TARGET_OK=no
+JIT_TARGET_OK=no
 AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling" = no],
     AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
         [*android*], [
-            YJIT_TARGET_OK=no
+            JIT_TARGET_OK=no
         ],
         [arm64-darwin*|aarch64-darwin*|x86_64-darwin*], [
-            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+            JIT_TARGET_OK=yes
         ],
         [arm64-*linux*|aarch64-*linux*|x86_64-*linux*], [
-            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+            JIT_TARGET_OK=yes
         ],
         [arm64-*bsd*|aarch64-*bsd*|x86_64-*bsd*], [
-            YJIT_TARGET_OK=yes
+            JIT_TARGET_OK=yes
         ]
     )
 )
@@ -3902,7 +3975,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(yjit,
     AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-yjit],
     [enable in-process JIT compiler that requires Rust build tools. enabled by default on supported platforms if rustc 1.58.0+ is available]),
     [YJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval],
-    [AS_CASE(["$YJIT_TARGET_OK:$YJIT_RUSTC_OK"],
+    [AS_CASE(["$JIT_TARGET_OK:$JIT_RUSTC_OK"],
         [yes:yes], [
             YJIT_SUPPORT=yes
         ],
@@ -3910,9 +3983,33 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(yjit,
     )]
 )
 
-CARGO=
+dnl build ZJIT in release mode if rustc >= 1.85.0 is present and we are on a supported platform
+ZJIT_SUPPORT=no
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(zjit,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-zjit],
+    [enable experimental JIT compiler that requires Rust build tools. enabled by default on supported platforms if rustc 1.85.0+ is available]),
+    [ZJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval],
+    [AS_CASE(["$JIT_TARGET_OK"],
+        [yes], [
+            rb_zjit_build_possible=no
+            AC_MSG_CHECKING([prerequisites for ZJIT])dnl only checked when --enable-zjit is not specified
+            # Fails in case rustc target doesn't match ruby target. Can happen on Rosetta, for example.
+            # 1.85.0 is the first stable version that supports the 2024 edition.
+            AS_IF([test "$RUSTC" != "no" && echo "#[cfg(target_arch = \"$JIT_TARGET_ARCH\")] fn main() {}" |
+                    $RUSTC - --edition=2024 --emit asm=/dev/null 2>/dev/null],
+                AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = "yes"], [
+                    rb_zjit_build_possible=yes
+                ])
+            )
+            AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_zjit_build_possible)
+            ZJIT_SUPPORT=$rb_zjit_build_possible
+        ]
+    )]
+)
+
 CARGO_BUILD_ARGS=
 YJIT_LIBS=
+JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=no
 AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
 [yes|dev|stats|dev_nodebug], [
     AS_IF([test x"$RUSTC" = "xno"],
@@ -3921,36 +4018,26 @@ AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
 
     AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
     [yes], [
-	rb_rust_target_subdir=release
     ],
     [dev], [
-	rb_rust_target_subdir=debug
-	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--features disasm,runtime_checks'
+        rb_cargo_features='disasm,runtime_checks'
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=dev
 	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_DEBUG, 1)
     ],
     [dev_nodebug], [
-	rb_rust_target_subdir=dev_nodebug
-	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--profile dev_nodebug --features disasm'
+        rb_cargo_features='disasm'
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=dev_nodebug
 	AC_DEFINE(YJIT_STATS, 1)
     ],
     [stats], [
-	rb_rust_target_subdir=stats
-	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS='--profile stats'
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=stats
 	AC_DEFINE(YJIT_STATS, 1)
     ])
 
-    AS_IF([test -n "${CARGO_BUILD_ARGS}"], [
-             AC_CHECK_TOOL(CARGO, [cargo], [no])
-             AS_IF([test x"$CARGO" = "xno"],
-                AC_MSG_ERROR([cargo is required. Installation instructions available at https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install])
-             ]))
-
-    YJIT_LIBS="yjit/target/${rb_rust_target_subdir}/libyjit.a"
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[openbsd*],[
-        # Link libc++abi (which requires libpthread) for _Unwind_* functions needed by yjit
-        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -lpthread -lc++abi"
-    ])
+    YJIT_LIBS="target/release/libyjit.a"
+    RUST_LIB='$(YJIT_LIBS)'
     YJIT_OBJ='yjit.$(OBJEXT)'
+    JIT_OBJ='jit.$(OBJEXT)'
     AS_IF([test x"$YJIT_SUPPORT" != "xyes" ], [
         AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(YJIT_SUPPORT, [$YJIT_SUPPORT])
     ])
@@ -3959,13 +4046,118 @@ AS_CASE(["${YJIT_SUPPORT}"],
     AC_DEFINE(USE_YJIT, 0)
 ])
 
+ZJIT_LIBS=
+AS_CASE(["${ZJIT_SUPPORT}"],
+[yes|dev|dev_nodebug|stats], [
+    AS_IF([test x"$RUSTC" = "xno"],
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([rustc is required. Installation instructions available at https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install])
+    )
+
+    AS_CASE(["${ZJIT_SUPPORT}"],
+    [yes], [
+    ],
+    [dev], [
+        rb_cargo_features="$rb_cargo_features,disasm,runtime_checks"
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=dev
+        AC_DEFINE(RUBY_DEBUG, 1)
+    ],
+    [dev_nodebug], [
+        rb_cargo_features="$rb_cargo_features,disasm"
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=dev_nodebug
+        AC_DEFINE(ZJIT_STATS, 1)
+    ],
+    [stats], [
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=stats
+        AC_DEFINE(ZJIT_STATS, 1)
+    ])
+
+    ZJIT_LIBS="target/release/libzjit.a"
+    RUST_LIB='$(ZJIT_LIBS)'
+    ZJIT_OBJ='zjit.$(OBJEXT)'
+    JIT_OBJ='jit.$(OBJEXT)'
+    AS_IF([test x"$ZJIT_SUPPORT" != "xyes" ], [
+        AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(ZJIT_SUPPORT, [$ZJIT_SUPPORT])
+    ])
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_ZJIT, 1)
+], [
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_ZJIT, 0)
+])
+
+RUSTC_FLAGS='-g -C lto=thin -C opt-level=3 -C overflow-checks=on'
+AS_IF([test -n "${rustc_flags}"], [
+    RUSTC_FLAGS="${RUSTC_FLAGS} ${rustc_flags}"
+])
+
+JIT_RUST_FLAGS='--crate-type=staticlib --cfg feature=\"stats_allocator\"'
+RLIB_DIR=
+AS_CASE(["$JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT:$YJIT_SUPPORT:$ZJIT_SUPPORT"],
+[no:yes:yes], [ # release build of YJIT+ZJIT
+    YJIT_LIBS=
+    ZJIT_LIBS=
+    JIT_RUST_FLAGS="--crate-type=rlib"
+    RLIB_DIR="target/release"
+    RUST_LIB="target/release/libruby.a"
+],
+[no:*], [],
+[ # JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT not "no" -- cargo required.
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL(CARGO, [cargo], [no])
+    AS_IF([test x"$CARGO" = "xno"],
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([this build configuration requires cargo. Installation instructions available at https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install]))
+
+    YJIT_LIBS=
+    ZJIT_LIBS=
+
+    # There's more processing below to get the feature set for the
+    # top-level crate, so capture at this point for feature set of
+    # just the zjit crate.
+    ZJIT_TEST_FEATURES="${rb_cargo_features}"
+
+    AS_IF([test x"${YJIT_SUPPORT}" != x"no"], [
+        rb_cargo_features="$rb_cargo_features,yjit"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test x"${ZJIT_SUPPORT}" != x"no"], [
+        AC_SUBST(ZJIT_TEST_FEATURES)
+        rb_cargo_features="$rb_cargo_features,zjit"
+    ])
+    # if YJIT and ZJIT release mode
+    AS_IF([test "${YJIT_SUPPORT}:${ZJIT_SUPPORT}" = "yes:yes"], [
+        JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT=release
+    ])
+    CARGO_BUILD_ARGS="--profile ${JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT} --features ${rb_cargo_features}"
+    AS_IF([test "${JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT}" = "dev"], [
+        RUST_LIB="target/debug/libruby.a"
+    ], [
+        RUST_LIB="target/${JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT}/libruby.a"
+    ])
+])
+
+# In case either we're linking rust code
+AS_IF([test -n "$RUST_LIB"], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[openbsd*],[
+        # Link libc++abi (which requires libpthread) for _Unwind_* functions needed by rust stdlib
+        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -lpthread -lc++abi"
+    ])
+
+    # absolute path to stop the "target" dir in src dir from interfering through VPATH
+    RUST_LIB="$(pwd)/${RUST_LIB}"
+])
+
 dnl These variables end up in ::RbConfig::CONFIG
-AC_SUBST(YJIT_SUPPORT)dnl what flavor of YJIT the Ruby build includes
 AC_SUBST(RUSTC)dnl Rust compiler command
+AC_SUBST(JIT_RUST_FLAGS)dnl the common rustc flags for JIT crates such as zjit
+AC_SUBST(RUSTC_FLAGS)dnl user-configurable rustc compiler flags
 AC_SUBST(CARGO)dnl Cargo command for Rust builds
 AC_SUBST(CARGO_BUILD_ARGS)dnl for selecting Rust build profiles
-AC_SUBST(YJIT_LIBS)dnl for optionally building the Rust parts of YJIT
+AC_SUBST(YJIT_SUPPORT)dnl what flavor of YJIT the Ruby build includes
+AC_SUBST(YJIT_LIBS)dnl the .a library of YJIT
 AC_SUBST(YJIT_OBJ)dnl for optionally building the C parts of YJIT
+AC_SUBST(ZJIT_SUPPORT)dnl what flavor of ZJIT the Ruby build includes
+AC_SUBST(ZJIT_LIBS)dnl path to the .a library of ZJIT
+AC_SUBST(ZJIT_OBJ)dnl for optionally building the C parts of ZJIT
+AC_SUBST(JIT_OBJ)dnl for optionally building C glue code for Rust FFI
+AC_SUBST(RUST_LIB)dnl path to the rust .a library that contains either or both JITs
+AC_SUBST(RLIB_DIR)dnl subpath of build directory for .rlib files
+AC_SUBST(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT)dnl "no" or the cargo profile of the rust code
 }
 
 [begin]_group "build section" && {
@@ -4079,7 +4271,6 @@ enum {
 	    PLATFORM_DIR=win32
 	    ])
 	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
 	AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
 	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll.a'
 	], [
@@ -4089,7 +4280,6 @@ enum {
 	])
 	],
     [wasi*], [
-        FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:wasm/GNUmakefile.in
         AC_LIBOBJ([wasm/missing])
         AC_LIBOBJ([wasm/runtime])
         AC_LIBOBJ([wasm/fiber])
@@ -4106,21 +4296,6 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug-env,
        AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-debug-env], [enable RUBY_DEBUG environment variable]),
        [AC_SUBST(ENABLE_DEBUG_ENV, yes)])
 
-AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
-    mkdir conftest.dir
-    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
-    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
-    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
-    rm -fr conftest.dir
-    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
-    [*yes*], [
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:template/GNUmakefile.in
-	gnumake=yes],
-    [
-	gnumake=no])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
-])
 AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = yes], [ NULLCMD=: ], [
     AC_MSG_CHECKING([for safe null command for ${MAKE-make}])
     mkdir conftest.dir
@@ -4188,8 +4363,7 @@ AS_IF([test -n "${LIBS}"], [
     MAINFLAGS=`echo " $MAINLIBS " | sed "s|$libspat"'||;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
 ])
 LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="${LIBRUBYARG_STATIC} \$(MAINLIBS)"
-CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
-test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
+CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS) ${cppflags}'
 AS_IF([test -n "${cflags+set}"], [
     cflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
     CFLAGS=`echo " $CFLAGS " | sed "s|$cflagspat"'|${cflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
@@ -4204,6 +4378,24 @@ AS_IF([test "${ARCH_FLAG}"], [
     CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
     LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
 ])
+AS_CASE([" $rb_cv_warnflags "], [*" -Wshorten-64-to-32 "*|*" -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 "*], [
+    voidp_ll=
+    AS_CASE([$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp],
+    [SIZEOF_LONG_LONG], [voidp_ll=true],
+    [@<:@0-9@:>@*], [
+        AS_IF([test $ac_cv_sizeof_voidp -gt $ac_cv_sizeof_long], [voidp_ll=true])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$voidp_ll"], [
+        # Disable the shorten-64-to-32 warning for now, because it currently
+        # generates a lot of warnings on platforms where `sizeof(void*)` is
+        # larger than `sizeof(long)`.
+        #
+        # TODO: Replace `long` with `ptrdiff_t` or something in the all sources.
+        rb_cv_warnflags=`echo "$rb_cv_warnflags" |
+           sed -e 's/ -W\(shorten-64-to-32 \)/ -Wno-\1/' \
+               -e 's/ -Werror=\(shorten-64-to-32 \)/ -Wno-\1/'`
+    ])
+])
 rb_cv_warnflags=`echo "$rb_cv_warnflags" | sed 's/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
 warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags"
 AC_SUBST(cppflags)dnl
@@ -4246,7 +4438,6 @@ AC_SUBST(MINIOBJS)
 AC_SUBST(THREAD_MODEL)
 AC_SUBST(COROUTINE_TYPE, ${coroutine_type})
 AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_DIR)
-AC_SUBST(USE_LLVM_WINDRES)
 
 firstmf=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/:.*//'`
 firsttmpl=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/.*://'`
@@ -4510,6 +4701,9 @@ m4_foreach(parser, [available_parsers],
     [AC_MSG_ERROR([Unknown parser: $with_parser])]
 )
 
+# Use the ruby allocator for prism. See prism/defines.h
+RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR)
+
 arch_hdrdir="${EXTOUT}/include/${arch}/ruby"
 AS_MKDIR_P("${arch_hdrdir}")
 config_h="${arch_hdrdir}/config.h"
@@ -4596,8 +4790,12 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile:template/Makefile.in, [
 	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
 	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
 	AS_IF([test "$gnumake" != yes], [
-	    echo ['$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/common.mk']
-	    sed ['s/{\$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g'] ${srcdir}/common.mk
+	    # extract NMake-style include list
+	    set = `sed -n 's/^!include  *//p' ${srcdir}/common.mk`
+	    echo common_mk_includes "@S|@*" # generate the macro assignment
+	    shift
+	    common_mk_includes="`echo \"@S|@*\" | sed 's|\$(srcdir)|.|g'`"
+	    (PWD= cd ${srcdir} && sed -f tool/prereq.status common.mk ${common_mk_includes})
             AS_IF([test "$YJIT_SUPPORT" = yes], [
                 cat ${srcdir}/yjit/not_gmake.mk
                 echo ['$(MKFILES): ${srcdir}/yjit/not_gmake.mk']
@@ -4608,20 +4806,7 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile:template/Makefile.in, [
 
 	echo; echo '$(srcdir)/$(CONFIGURE):RUBY_M4_INCLUDED \
 	$(empty)'
-    } > $tmpmk && AS_IF([! grep '^ruby:' $tmpmk > /dev/null], [
-	AS_IF([test "${gnumake}" = yes], [
-	    tmpgmk=confgmk$$.tmp
-	    {
-		echo "include $tmpmk"
-		echo "-include uncommon.mk"
-	    } > $tmpgmk
-	], [
-	    tmpgmk=$tmpmk
-	]) &&
-	test -z "`${MAKE-make} -f $tmpgmk info-program | grep '^PROGRAM=ruby$'`" &&
-	echo 'ruby: $(PROGRAM);' >> $tmpmk
-	test "$tmpmk" = "$tmpgmk" || rm -f "$tmpgmk"
-    ]) && mv -f $tmpmk Makefile],
+    } > $tmpmk && mv -f $tmpmk Makefile],
 [EXEEXT='$EXEEXT' MAKE='${MAKE-make}' gnumake='$gnumake' GIT='$GIT' YJIT_SUPPORT='$YJIT_SUPPORT'])
 
 AC_ARG_WITH([ruby-pc],
@@ -4636,6 +4821,11 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(destdir,
 	    [DESTDIR="$withval"])
 AC_SUBST(DESTDIR)
 
+AS_IF([test "x$load_relative:$DESTDIR" = xyes:], [
+    AS_IF([test "x$prefix" = xNONE], [DESTDIR="$ac_default_prefix"], [DESTDIR="$prefix"])
+    prefix=/.
+])
+
 AC_OUTPUT
 }
 
@@ -4688,6 +4878,8 @@ config_summary "hardenflags"         "$hardenflags"
 config_summary "strip command"       "$STRIP"
 config_summary "install doc"         "$DOCTARGETS"
 config_summary "YJIT support"        "$YJIT_SUPPORT"
+config_summary "ZJIT support"        "$ZJIT_SUPPORT"
+config_summary "RUSTC_FLAGS"         "$RUSTC_FLAGS"
 config_summary "man page type"       "$MANTYPE"
 config_summary "search path"         "$search_path"
 config_summary "static-linked-ext"   ${EXTSTATIC:+"yes"}
diff --git a/cont.c b/cont.c
index 072ae4562f..6bb61e5ee8 100644
--- a/cont.c
+++ b/cont.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ extern int madvise(caddr_t, size_t, int);
 #include "internal/cont.h"
 #include "internal/thread.h"
 #include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
 #include "internal/gc.h"
 #include "internal/proc.h"
 #include "internal/sanitizers.h"
@@ -40,14 +41,20 @@ extern int madvise(caddr_t, size_t, int);
 #include "vm_sync.h"
 #include "id_table.h"
 #include "ractor_core.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
-static const int DEBUG = 0;
+enum {
+    DEBUG = 0,
+    DEBUG_EXPAND = 0,
+    DEBUG_ACQUIRE = 0,
+};
 
 #define RB_PAGE_SIZE (pagesize)
 #define RB_PAGE_MASK (~(RB_PAGE_SIZE - 1))
 static long pagesize;
 
-static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type, fiber_data_type;
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_cont_data_type;
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_fiber_data_type;
 static VALUE rb_cContinuation;
 static VALUE rb_cFiber;
 static VALUE rb_eFiberError;
@@ -60,11 +67,11 @@ static VALUE rb_cFiberPool;
 // Defined in `coroutine/$arch/Context.h`:
 #ifdef COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
 #define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
-#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 8
-#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 32
+#define FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT 8
+#define FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_ALLOCATIONS 32
 #else
-#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 32
-#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 1024
+#define FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT 32
+#define FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_ALLOCATIONS 1024
 #endif
 #ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
 #define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
@@ -77,6 +84,7 @@ enum context_type {
 
 struct cont_saved_vm_stack {
     VALUE *ptr;
+    size_t size;
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
     size_t slen;  /* length of stack (head of ec->vm_stack) */
     size_t clen;  /* length of control frames (tail of ec->vm_stack) */
@@ -186,7 +194,11 @@ struct fiber_pool {
     size_t count;
 
     // The initial number of stacks to allocate.
-    size_t initial_count;
+    size_t minimum_count;
+
+    // If positive, total stacks in this pool cannot exceed this (shared pool only:
+    // set via RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_COUNT). Expansion fails with errno EAGAIN.
+    size_t maximum_count;
 
     // Whether to madvise(free) the stack or not.
     // If this value is set to 1, the stack will be madvise(free)ed
@@ -279,7 +291,7 @@ rb_free_shared_fiber_pool(void)
     struct fiber_pool_allocation *allocations = shared_fiber_pool.allocations;
     while (allocations) {
         struct fiber_pool_allocation *next = allocations->next;
-        xfree(allocations);
+        SIZED_FREE(allocations);
         allocations = next;
     }
 }
@@ -467,11 +479,12 @@ fiber_pool_allocate_memory(size_t * count, size_t stride)
     // the system would allow (e.g. overcommit * physical memory + swap), we
     // divide count by two and try again. This condition should only be
     // encountered in edge cases, but we handle it here gracefully.
-    while (*count > 1) {
+    while (*count) {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
         void * base = VirtualAlloc(0, (*count)*stride, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
 
         if (!base) {
+            errno = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
             *count = (*count) >> 1;
         }
         else {
@@ -503,26 +516,53 @@ fiber_pool_allocate_memory(size_t * count, size_t stride)
 }
 
 // Given an existing fiber pool, expand it by the specified number of stacks.
+//
 // @param count the maximum number of stacks to allocate.
-// @return the allocated fiber pool.
+// @return the new allocation on success, or NULL on failure with errno set.
+// @raise NoMemoryError if the struct or memory allocation fails.
+//
+// Call from fiber_pool_stack_acquire_expand with VM lock held, or from
+// fiber_pool_initialize before the pool is shared across threads.
 // @sa fiber_pool_allocation_free
 static struct fiber_pool_allocation *
 fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
 {
+    if (count == 0) {
+        errno = EAGAIN;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
 
     size_t size = fiber_pool->size;
     size_t stride = size + RB_PAGE_SIZE;
 
+    // If the maximum number of stacks is set, and we have reached it, return NULL.
+    if (fiber_pool->maximum_count > 0) {
+        if (fiber_pool->count >= fiber_pool->maximum_count) {
+            errno = EAGAIN;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        size_t remaining = fiber_pool->maximum_count - fiber_pool->count;
+        if (count > remaining) {
+            count = remaining;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocate metadata before mmap: ruby_xmalloc (RB_ALLOC) raises on failure and
+    // must not run after base is mapped, or the region would leak.
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool_allocation);
+
     // Allocate the memory required for the stacks:
     void * base = fiber_pool_allocate_memory(&count, stride);
 
     if (base == NULL) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't alloc machine stack to fiber (%"PRIuSIZE" x %"PRIuSIZE" bytes): %s", count, size, ERRNOMSG);
+        if (!errno) errno = ENOMEM;
+        ruby_xfree(allocation);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies = fiber_pool->vacancies;
-    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool_allocation);
 
     // Initialize fiber pool allocation:
     allocation->base = base;
@@ -534,7 +574,7 @@ fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
 #endif
     allocation->pool = fiber_pool;
 
-    if (DEBUG) {
+    if (DEBUG_EXPAND) {
         fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_expand(%"PRIuSIZE"): %p, %"PRIuSIZE"/%"PRIuSIZE" x [%"PRIuSIZE":%"PRIuSIZE"]\n",
                 count, (void*)fiber_pool, fiber_pool->used, fiber_pool->count, size, fiber_pool->vm_stack_size);
     }
@@ -543,21 +583,27 @@ fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
         void * base = (char*)allocation->base + (stride * i);
         void * page = (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(size, 0);
-
 #if defined(_WIN32)
         DWORD old_protect;
 
         if (!VirtualProtect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_GUARD, &old_protect)) {
+            int error = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
             VirtualFree(allocation->base, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
-            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+            ruby_xfree(allocation);
+            errno = error;
+            return NULL;
         }
 #elif defined(__wasi__)
         // wasi-libc's mprotect emulation doesn't support PROT_NONE.
         (void)page;
 #else
         if (mprotect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE) < 0) {
+            int error = errno;
+            if (!error) error = ENOMEM;
             munmap(allocation->base, count*stride);
-            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+            ruby_xfree(allocation);
+            errno = error;
+            return NULL;
         }
 #endif
 
@@ -593,7 +639,7 @@ fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
 // Initialize the specified fiber pool with the given number of stacks.
 // @param vm_stack_size The size of the vm stack to allocate.
 static void
-fiber_pool_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t size, size_t count, size_t vm_stack_size)
+fiber_pool_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t size, size_t minimum_count, size_t maximum_count, size_t vm_stack_size)
 {
     VM_ASSERT(vm_stack_size < size);
 
@@ -601,13 +647,17 @@ fiber_pool_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t size, size_t count,
     fiber_pool->vacancies = NULL;
     fiber_pool->size = ((size / RB_PAGE_SIZE) + 1) * RB_PAGE_SIZE;
     fiber_pool->count = 0;
-    fiber_pool->initial_count = count;
+    fiber_pool->minimum_count = minimum_count;
+    fiber_pool->maximum_count = maximum_count;
     fiber_pool->free_stacks = 1;
     fiber_pool->used = 0;
-
     fiber_pool->vm_stack_size = vm_stack_size;
 
-    fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+    if (fiber_pool->minimum_count > 0) {
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(!fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, fiber_pool->minimum_count))) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't allocate initial fiber stacks (%"PRIuSIZE" x %"PRIuSIZE" bytes): %s", fiber_pool->minimum_count, fiber_pool->size, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
@@ -651,49 +701,120 @@ fiber_pool_allocation_free(struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation)
 
     allocation->pool->count -= allocation->count;
 
-    ruby_xfree(allocation);
+    SIZED_FREE(allocation);
 }
 #endif
 
-// Acquire a stack from the given fiber pool. If none are available, allocate more.
-static struct fiber_pool_stack
-fiber_pool_stack_acquire(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool)
+// Number of stacks to request when expanding the pool (clamped to min/max).
+static size_t
+fiber_pool_stack_expand_count(const struct fiber_pool *pool)
 {
-    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+    const size_t maximum_allocations = FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_ALLOCATIONS;
+    const size_t minimum_count = FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT;
 
-    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)fiber_pool->vacancies, fiber_pool->used);
+    // We are going try and double the number of stacks in the pool:
+    size_t count = pool->count;
+    if (count > maximum_allocations) count = maximum_allocations;
+    if (count < minimum_count) count = minimum_count;
 
-    if (!vacancy) {
-        const size_t maximum = FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE;
-        const size_t minimum = fiber_pool->initial_count;
+    // If we have a maximum count, we need to clamp the number of stacks to the maximum:
+    if (pool->maximum_count > 0) {
+        if (pool->count >= pool->maximum_count) {
+            // No expansion is possible:
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, compute the number of stacks we can allocate to bring us to the maximum:
+        size_t remaining = pool->maximum_count - pool->count;
+        if (count > remaining) {
+            count = remaining;
+        }
+    }
 
-        size_t count = fiber_pool->count;
-        if (count > maximum) count = maximum;
-        if (count < minimum) count = minimum;
+    return count;
+}
 
-        fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+// When the vacancy list is empty, grow the pool (and run GC only if mmap fails). Caller holds the VM lock.
+// Returns NULL if expansion failed after GC + retry; errno is set. Otherwise returns a vacancy.
+static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_stack_acquire_expand(struct fiber_pool *fiber_pool)
+{
+    size_t count = fiber_pool_stack_expand_count(fiber_pool);
+
+    if (DEBUG_ACQUIRE) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: expanding fiber pool by %"PRIuSIZE" stacks\n", count);
+
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy *vacancy = NULL;
+
+    if (RB_LIKELY(fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count))) {
+        return fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (DEBUG_ACQUIRE) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: expand failed (%s), collecting garbage\n", strerror(errno));
 
-        // The free list should now contain some stacks:
-        VM_ASSERT(fiber_pool->vacancies);
+        rb_gc();
 
+        // After running GC, the vacancy list may have some stacks:
         vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+        if (RB_LIKELY(vacancy)) {
+            return vacancy;
+        }
+
+        // Recompute count as gc may have freed up some allocations:
+        count = fiber_pool_stack_expand_count(fiber_pool);
+
+        // Try to expand the fiber pool again:
+        if (RB_LIKELY(fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count))) {
+            return fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+        }
+        else {
+            // Okay, we really failed to acquire a stack. Give up and return NULL with errno set:
+            return NULL;
+        }
     }
+}
+
+// Acquire a stack from the given fiber pool. If none are available, allocate more.
+static struct fiber_pool_stack
+fiber_pool_stack_acquire(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy;
+
+    unsigned int lev;
+    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_LEV(&lev);
+    {
+        // Fast path: try to acquire a stack from the vacancy list:
+        vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+
+        if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)fiber_pool->vacancies, fiber_pool->used);
 
-    VM_ASSERT(vacancy);
-    VM_ASSERT(vacancy->stack.base);
+        // Slow path: If the pool has no vacancies, expand first. Only run GC when expansion fails (e.g. mmap), so we can reclaim stacks from dead fibers before retrying:
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(!vacancy)) {
+            vacancy = fiber_pool_stack_acquire_expand(fiber_pool);
+
+            // If expansion failed, raise an error:
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(!vacancy)) {
+                RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_LEV(&lev);
+                rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't allocate fiber stack: %s", strerror(errno));
+            }
+        }
+
+        VM_ASSERT(vacancy);
+        VM_ASSERT(vacancy->stack.base);
 
 #if defined(COROUTINE_SANITIZE_ADDRESS)
-    __asan_unpoison_memory_region(fiber_pool_stack_poison_base(&vacancy->stack), fiber_pool_stack_poison_size(&vacancy->stack));
+        __asan_unpoison_memory_region(fiber_pool_stack_poison_base(&vacancy->stack), fiber_pool_stack_poison_size(&vacancy->stack));
 #endif
 
-    // Take the top item from the free list:
-    fiber_pool->used += 1;
+        // Take the top item from the free list:
+        fiber_pool->used += 1;
 
 #ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
-    vacancy->stack.allocation->used += 1;
+        vacancy->stack.allocation->used += 1;
 #endif
 
-    fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+        fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+    }
+    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_LEV(&lev);
 
     return vacancy->stack;
 }
@@ -910,6 +1031,17 @@ fiber_stack_release(rb_fiber_t * fiber)
     rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(ec);
 }
 
+static void
+fiber_stack_release_locked(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    if (!ruby_vm_during_cleanup) {
+        // We can't try to acquire the VM lock here because MMTK calls free in its own native thread which has no ec.
+        // This assertion will fail on MMTK but we currently don't have CI for debug releases of MMTK, so we can assert for now.
+        ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
+    }
+    fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+}
+
 static const char *
 fiber_status_name(enum fiber_status s)
 {
@@ -931,7 +1063,9 @@ fiber_verify(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 
     switch (fiber->status) {
       case FIBER_RESUMED:
-        VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        if (fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr->self == 0) {
+            VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        }
         break;
       case FIBER_SUSPENDED:
         VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
@@ -961,7 +1095,7 @@ cont_ptr(VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_context_t *cont;
 
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, cont);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_context_t, &rb_cont_data_type, cont);
 
     return cont;
 }
@@ -971,7 +1105,7 @@ fiber_ptr(VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_fiber_t *fiber;
 
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_fiber_t, &fiber_data_type, fiber);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_fiber_t, &rb_fiber_data_type, fiber);
     if (!fiber) rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "uninitialized fiber");
 
     return fiber;
@@ -1064,21 +1198,26 @@ cont_free(void *ptr)
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("cont");
 
     if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-        ruby_xfree(cont->saved_ec.vm_stack);
-        RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.stack);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(cont->saved_ec.vm_stack, cont->saved_ec.vm_stack_size);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(cont->machine.stack, cont->machine.stack_size);
     }
     else {
         rb_fiber_t *fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
         coroutine_destroy(&fiber->context);
-        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+        fiber_stack_release_locked(fiber);
     }
 
-    RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
+    SIZED_FREE_N(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, cont->saved_vm_stack.size);
 
     VM_ASSERT(cont->jit_cont != NULL);
     jit_cont_free(cont->jit_cont);
     /* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
-    ruby_xfree(ptr);
+    if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
+        SIZED_FREE(cont);
+    }
+    else {
+        SIZED_FREE((rb_fiber_t *)cont);
+    }
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
@@ -1119,12 +1258,7 @@ rb_fiber_update_self(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 void
 rb_fiber_mark_self(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 {
-    if (fiber->cont.self) {
-        rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->cont.self);
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_execution_context_mark(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
-    }
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->cont.self);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1190,12 +1324,13 @@ fiber_memsize(const void *ptr)
 VALUE
 rb_obj_is_fiber(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return RBOOL(rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &fiber_data_type));
+    return RBOOL(rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &rb_fiber_data_type));
 }
 
 static void
 cont_save_machine_stack(rb_thread_t *th, rb_context_t *cont)
 {
+    const size_t old_stack_size = cont->machine.stack_size;
     size_t size;
 
     SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
@@ -1210,10 +1345,10 @@ cont_save_machine_stack(rb_thread_t *th, rb_context_t *cont)
     }
 
     if (cont->machine.stack) {
-        REALLOC_N(cont->machine.stack, VALUE, size);
+        SIZED_REALLOC_N(cont->machine.stack, VALUE, cont->machine.stack_size, old_stack_size);
     }
     else {
-        cont->machine.stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
+        cont->machine.stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->machine.stack_size);
     }
 
     FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
@@ -1221,9 +1356,23 @@ cont_save_machine_stack(rb_thread_t *th, rb_context_t *cont)
     MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack, cont->machine.stack_src, VALUE, size);
 }
 
-static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type = {
+static void
+cont_handle_weak_references(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
+    if (!cont) return;
+
+    if (!rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(cont->saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.obj) ||
+            !rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(cont->saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.fields_obj)) {
+        cont->saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.obj = Qundef;
+        cont->saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.fields_obj = Qundef;
+    }
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_cont_data_type = {
     "continuation",
-    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize, cont_compact},
+    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize, cont_compact, cont_handle_weak_references},
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
@@ -1254,7 +1403,7 @@ jit_cont_new(rb_execution_context_t *ec)
     // We need to use calloc instead of something like ZALLOC to avoid triggering GC here.
     // When this function is called from rb_thread_alloc through rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup,
     // the thread is still being prepared and marking it causes SEGV.
-    cont = calloc(1, sizeof(struct rb_jit_cont));
+    cont = ruby_mimcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rb_jit_cont));
     if (cont == NULL)
         rb_memerror();
     cont->ec = ec;
@@ -1293,7 +1442,7 @@ jit_cont_free(struct rb_jit_cont *cont)
     }
     rb_native_mutex_unlock(&jit_cont_lock);
 
-    free(cont);
+    ruby_mimfree(cont);
 }
 
 // Call a given callback against all on-stack ISEQs.
@@ -1307,8 +1456,11 @@ rb_jit_cont_each_iseq(rb_iseq_callback callback, void *data)
 
         const rb_control_frame_t *cfp = cont->ec->cfp;
         while (!RUBY_VM_CONTROL_FRAME_STACK_OVERFLOW_P(cont->ec, cfp)) {
-            if (cfp->pc && cfp->iseq && imemo_type((VALUE)cfp->iseq) == imemo_iseq) {
-                callback(cfp->iseq, data);
+            if (CFP_PC(cfp) && CFP_ISEQ(cfp)) {
+                const rb_iseq_t *iseq = CFP_ISEQ(cfp);
+                if (iseq && imemo_type((VALUE)iseq) == imemo_iseq) {
+                    callback(iseq, data);
+                }
             }
             cfp = RUBY_VM_PREVIOUS_CONTROL_FRAME(cfp);
         }
@@ -1344,7 +1496,7 @@ rb_jit_cont_finish(void)
     struct rb_jit_cont *cont, *next;
     for (cont = first_jit_cont; cont != NULL; cont = next) {
         next = cont->next;
-        free(cont); // Don't use xfree because it's allocated by calloc.
+        ruby_mimfree(cont); // Don't use xfree because it's allocated by mimcalloc.
     }
     rb_native_mutex_destroy(&jit_cont_lock);
 }
@@ -1383,7 +1535,8 @@ cont_new(VALUE klass)
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
     THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th);
-    contval = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, cont);
+    contval = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, rb_context_t, &rb_cont_data_type, cont);
+    rb_gc_declare_weak_references(contval);
     cont->self = contval;
     cont_init(cont, th);
     return cont;
@@ -1427,8 +1580,8 @@ show_vm_pcs(const rb_control_frame_t *cfp,
     int i=0;
     while (cfp != end_of_cfp) {
         int pc = 0;
-        if (cfp->iseq) {
-            pc = cfp->pc - ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->iseq_encoded;
+        if (CFP_ISEQ(cfp)) {
+            pc = cfp->pc - ISEQ_BODY(CFP_ISEQ(cfp))->iseq_encoded;
         }
         fprintf(stderr, "%2d pc: %d\n", i++, pc);
         cfp = RUBY_VM_PREVIOUS_CONTROL_FRAME(cfp);
@@ -1452,6 +1605,7 @@ cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat)
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
     cont->saved_vm_stack.slen = ec->cfp->sp - ec->vm_stack;
     cont->saved_vm_stack.clen = ec->vm_stack + ec->vm_stack_size - (VALUE*)ec->cfp;
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.size = cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen;
     cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
     MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
            ec->vm_stack,
@@ -1461,6 +1615,7 @@ cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat)
            VALUE,
            cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
+           cont->saved_vm_stack.size = ec->vm_stack_size;
     cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
     MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, ec->vm_stack, VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
 #endif
@@ -1511,6 +1666,51 @@ cont_restore_thread(rb_context_t *cont)
             rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't call across trace_func");
         }
 
+#if defined(__wasm__) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+        if (th->ec->tag != sec->tag) {
+            /* find the lowest common ancestor tag of the current EC and the saved EC */
+
+            struct rb_vm_tag *lowest_common_ancestor = NULL;
+            size_t num_tags = 0;
+            size_t num_saved_tags = 0;
+            for (struct rb_vm_tag *tag = th->ec->tag; tag != NULL; tag = tag->prev) {
+                ++num_tags;
+            }
+            for (struct rb_vm_tag *tag = sec->tag; tag != NULL; tag = tag->prev) {
+                ++num_saved_tags;
+            }
+
+            size_t min_tags = num_tags <= num_saved_tags ? num_tags : num_saved_tags;
+
+            struct rb_vm_tag *tag = th->ec->tag;
+            while (num_tags > min_tags) {
+                tag = tag->prev;
+                --num_tags;
+            }
+
+            struct rb_vm_tag *saved_tag = sec->tag;
+            while (num_saved_tags > min_tags) {
+                saved_tag = saved_tag->prev;
+                --num_saved_tags;
+            }
+
+            while (min_tags > 0) {
+                if (tag == saved_tag) {
+                    lowest_common_ancestor = tag;
+                    break;
+                }
+                tag = tag->prev;
+                saved_tag = saved_tag->prev;
+                --min_tags;
+            }
+
+            /* free all the jump buffers between the current EC's tag and the lowest common ancestor tag */
+            for (struct rb_vm_tag *tag = th->ec->tag; tag != lowest_common_ancestor; tag = tag->prev) {
+                rb_vm_tag_jmpbuf_deinit(&tag->buf);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
         /* copy vm stack */
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
         MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack,
@@ -1917,16 +2117,38 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *
  */
 
-static const rb_data_type_t fiber_data_type = {
+static void
+fiber_handle_weak_references(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+
+    if (!fiber) return;
+
+    if (!rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(fiber->cont.saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.obj) ||
+            !rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(fiber->cont.saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.fields_obj)) {
+        fiber->cont.saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.obj = Qundef;
+        fiber->cont.saved_ec.gen_fields_cache.fields_obj = Qundef;
+    }
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_fiber_data_type = {
     "fiber",
-    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize, fiber_compact,},
+    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize, fiber_compact, fiber_handle_weak_references},
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static VALUE
 fiber_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &fiber_data_type, 0);
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &rb_fiber_data_type, 0);
+    rb_gc_declare_weak_references(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static rb_serial_t
+next_ec_serial(rb_ractor_t *cr)
+{
+    return cr->next_ec_serial++;
 }
 
 static rb_fiber_t*
@@ -1948,6 +2170,7 @@ fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fiber_value, unsigned int blocking)
     cont_init(&fiber->cont, th);
 
     fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.serial = next_ec_serial(th->ractor);
     rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
 
     fiber->prev = NULL;
@@ -1961,32 +2184,10 @@ fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fiber_value, unsigned int blocking)
     return fiber;
 }
 
-static rb_fiber_t *
-root_fiber_alloc(rb_thread_t *th)
-{
-    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
-    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
-
-    VM_ASSERT(DATA_PTR(fiber_value) == NULL);
-    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
-    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
-
-    th->root_fiber = fiber;
-    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
-    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
-
-    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
-
-    return fiber;
-}
-
 static inline rb_fiber_t*
 fiber_current(void)
 {
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
-    if (ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0) {
-        root_fiber_alloc(rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec));
-    }
     return ec->fiber_ptr;
 }
 
@@ -2119,7 +2320,7 @@ rb_fiber_storage_set(VALUE self, VALUE value)
  *  Returns the value of the fiber storage variable identified by +key+.
  *
  *  The +key+ must be a symbol, and the value is set by Fiber#[]= or
- *  Fiber#store.
+ *  Fiber#storage.
  *
  *  See also Fiber::[]=.
  */
@@ -2488,21 +2689,36 @@ rb_fiber_start(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 void
 rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ruby_mimcalloc(1, sizeof(rb_fiber_t));
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ZALLOC(rb_fiber_t);
     if (!fiber) {
         rb_bug("%s", strerror(errno)); /* ... is it possible to call rb_bug here? */
     }
+
     fiber->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
     fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.serial = next_ec_serial(th->ractor);
     fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr = th;
     fiber->blocking = 1;
     fiber->killed = 0;
     fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_RESUMED); /* skip CREATED */
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
+
     th->ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+
     cont_init_jit_cont(&fiber->cont);
 }
 
 void
+rb_root_fiber_obj_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+}
+
+void
 rb_threadptr_root_fiber_release(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
     if (th->root_fiber) {
@@ -2572,15 +2788,7 @@ rb_fiber_current(void)
 static inline void
 fiber_store(rb_fiber_t *next_fiber, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
-
-    if (th->ec->fiber_ptr != NULL) {
-        fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
-    }
-    else {
-        /* create root fiber */
-        fiber = root_fiber_alloc(th);
-    }
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
 
     if (FIBER_CREATED_P(next_fiber)) {
         fiber_prepare_stack(next_fiber);
@@ -2616,7 +2824,9 @@ fiber_switch(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat, rb_fi
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
     /* make sure the root_fiber object is available */
-    if (th->root_fiber == NULL) root_fiber_alloc(th);
+    if (th->root_fiber == NULL) {
+        th->root_fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+    }
 
     if (th->ec->fiber_ptr == fiber) {
         /* ignore fiber context switch
@@ -2681,8 +2891,10 @@ fiber_switch(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat, rb_fi
 
     // We cannot free the stack until the pthread is joined:
 #ifndef COROUTINE_PTHREAD_CONTEXT
-    if (resuming_fiber && FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
-        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+    if (FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+            fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+        }
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -2822,6 +3034,7 @@ void
 rb_fiber_close(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 {
     fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_TERMINATED);
+    rb_ec_close(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -3160,37 +3373,46 @@ fiber_raise(rb_fiber_t *fiber, VALUE exception)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_raise(VALUE fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_raise(VALUE fiber, int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
-    VALUE exception = rb_make_exception(argc, argv);
+    VALUE exception = rb_exception_setup(argc, argv);
 
     return fiber_raise(fiber_ptr(fiber), exception);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     fiber.raise                                 -> obj
- *     fiber.raise(string)                         -> obj
- *     fiber.raise(exception [, string [, array]]) -> obj
+ *    raise(exception, message = exception.to_s, backtrace = nil, cause: $!)
+ *    raise(message = nil, cause: $!)
  *
  *  Raises an exception in the fiber at the point at which the last
- *  +Fiber.yield+ was called. If the fiber has not been started or has
+ *  +Fiber.yield+ was called.
+ *
+ *     f = Fiber.new {
+ *       puts "Before the yield"
+ *       Fiber.yield 1 # -- exception will be raised here
+ *       puts "After the yield"
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     p f.resume
+ *     f.raise "Gotcha"
+ *
+ *  Output
+ *
+ *     Before the first yield
+ *     1
+ *     t.rb:8:in 'Fiber.yield': Gotcha (RuntimeError)
+ *       from t.rb:8:in 'block in <main>'
+ *
+ *  If the fiber has not been started or has
  *  already run to completion, raises +FiberError+. If the fiber is
  *  yielding, it is resumed. If it is transferring, it is transferred into.
  *  But if it is resuming, raises +FiberError+.
  *
- *  With no arguments, raises a +RuntimeError+. With a single +String+
- *  argument, raises a +RuntimeError+ with the string as a message.  Otherwise,
- *  the first parameter should be the name of an +Exception+ class (or an
- *  object that returns an +Exception+ object when sent an +exception+
- *  message). The optional second parameter sets the message associated with
- *  the exception, and the third parameter is an array of callback information.
- *  Exceptions are caught by the +rescue+ clause of <code>begin...end</code>
- *  blocks.
- *
  *  Raises +FiberError+ if called on a Fiber belonging to another +Thread+.
  *
- *  See Kernel#raise for more information.
+ *  See Kernel#raise for more information on arguments.
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_fiber_m_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -3285,6 +3507,8 @@ rb_fiber_atfork(rb_thread_t *th)
             th->root_fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
         }
         th->root_fiber->prev = 0;
+        th->root_fiber->blocking = 1;
+        th->blocking = 1;
     }
 }
 #endif
@@ -3297,7 +3521,7 @@ fiber_pool_free(void *ptr)
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("fiber_pool");
 
     fiber_pool_allocation_free(fiber_pool->allocations);
-    ruby_xfree(fiber_pool);
+    SIZED_FREE(fiber_pool);
 
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("fiber_pool");
 }
@@ -3351,7 +3575,7 @@ rb_fiber_pool_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct fiber_pool, &FiberPoolDataType, fiber_pool);
 
-    fiber_pool_initialize(fiber_pool, NUM2SIZET(size), NUM2SIZET(count), NUM2SIZET(vm_stack_size));
+    fiber_pool_initialize(fiber_pool, NUM2SIZET(size), NUM2SIZET(count), 0, NUM2SIZET(vm_stack_size));
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -3370,6 +3594,46 @@ rb_fiber_pool_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
  *     fiber.resume #=> FiberError: dead fiber called
  */
 
+static size_t
+shared_fiber_pool_minimum_count(void)
+{
+    size_t minimum_count = FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT;
+
+    const char *minimum_count_env = getenv("RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT");
+    if (minimum_count_env && minimum_count_env[0]) {
+        char *end;
+        unsigned long value = strtoul(minimum_count_env, &end, 10);
+        if (end != minimum_count_env && *end == '\0') {
+            minimum_count = (size_t)value;
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_warn("invalid RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT=%s (expected a non-negative integer)", minimum_count_env);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return minimum_count;
+}
+
+static size_t
+shared_fiber_pool_maximum_count(void)
+{
+    size_t maximum_count = 0;
+
+    const char *maximum_count_env = getenv("RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_COUNT");
+    if (maximum_count_env && maximum_count_env[0]) {
+        char *end;
+        unsigned long value = strtoul(maximum_count_env, &end, 10);
+        if (end != maximum_count_env && *end == '\0') {
+            maximum_count = (size_t)value;
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_warn("invalid RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_COUNT=%s (expected a non-negative integer)", maximum_count_env);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return maximum_count;
+}
+
 void
 Init_Cont(void)
 {
@@ -3387,7 +3651,11 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 #endif
     SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
 
-    fiber_pool_initialize(&shared_fiber_pool, stack_size, FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE, vm_stack_size);
+    rb_eFiberError = rb_define_class("FiberError", rb_eStandardError);
+
+    size_t minimum_count = shared_fiber_pool_minimum_count();
+    size_t maximum_count = shared_fiber_pool_maximum_count();
+    fiber_pool_initialize(&shared_fiber_pool, stack_size, minimum_count, maximum_count, vm_stack_size);
 
     fiber_initialize_keywords[0] = rb_intern_const("blocking");
     fiber_initialize_keywords[1] = rb_intern_const("pool");
@@ -3409,7 +3677,6 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 
     rb_cFiber = rb_define_class("Fiber", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiber, fiber_alloc);
-    rb_eFiberError = rb_define_class("FiberError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "yield", rb_fiber_s_yield, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "current", rb_fiber_s_current, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking", rb_fiber_blocking, 0);
@@ -3437,6 +3704,10 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "schedule", rb_fiber_s_schedule, -1);
 
+    rb_thread_t *current_thread = rb_current_thread();
+    RUBY_ASSERT(CLASS_OF(current_thread->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self) == 0);
+    *(VALUE *)&((struct RBasic *)current_thread->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self)->klass = rb_cFiber;
+
 #ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
     /*
      * Document-class: Fiber::Pool
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
index f7bcae2c3a..819264c245 100644
--- a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 #define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
 
+.abiversion 2
 .text
 .align 2
 
 .globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer)
 .type   PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer), @function
 PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer):
+	# Global entry: set up TOC pointer (r2) from r12.
+	# Required by ELFv2 ABI when this function is reached via the PLT.
+	addis 2, 12, .TOC. - PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer)@ha
+	addi  2, 2,  .TOC. - PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer)@l
+	.localentry PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer), .-PREFIXED_SYMBOL(coroutine_transfer)
+
 	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
 	addi 1,1,-160
 
diff --git a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
index 8e83d73040..109baa747d 100644
--- a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+++ b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
@@ -6,14 +6,9 @@ MUNICODE_FLAG := $(if $(filter mingw%,$(target_os)),-municode)
 override EXE_LDFLAGS += $(MUNICODE_FLAG)
 
 DLLWRAP = @DLLWRAP@ --target=$(target_os) --driver-name="$(CC)"
-ifeq (@USE_LLVM_WINDRES@,yes) # USE_LLVM_WINDRES
-	# llvm-windres fails when preprocessor options are added
-	windres-cpp :=
-else
-	windres-cpp := $(CPP) -xc
-	windres-cpp := --preprocessor=$(firstword $(windres-cpp)) \
-		$(addprefix --preprocessor-arg=,$(wordlist 2,$(words $(windres-cpp)),$(windres-cpp)))
-endif
+windres-cpp := $(CPP) -xc
+windres-cpp := --preprocessor=$(firstword $(windres-cpp)) \
+	$(addprefix --preprocessor-arg=,$(wordlist 2,$(words $(windres-cpp)),$(windres-cpp)))
 WINDRES = @WINDRES@ $(windres-cpp) -DRC_INVOKED
 STRIP = @STRIP@
 
diff --git a/darray.h b/darray.h
index c9035b74b6..d6521be19f 100644
--- a/darray.h
+++ b/darray.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
 // Type for a dynamic array. Use to declare a dynamic array.
 // It is a pointer so it fits in st_table nicely. Designed
@@ -133,6 +134,9 @@ rb_darray_size(const void *ary)
     return meta ? meta->size : 0;
 }
 
+/* Estimate of the amount of memory used by this darray.
+ * Useful for TypedData objects. */
+#define rb_darray_memsize(ary) (sizeof(*(ary)) + (rb_darray_size(ary) * sizeof((ary)->data[0])))
 
 static inline void
 rb_darray_pop(void *ary, size_t count)
@@ -158,6 +162,16 @@ rb_darray_free(void *ary)
 }
 
 static inline void
+rb_darray_free_sized0(void *ary, size_t element_size)
+{
+    const rb_darray_meta_t *meta = ary;
+    if (meta) {
+        ruby_xfree_sized(ary, sizeof(*meta) + (element_size * meta->capa));
+    }
+}
+#define rb_darray_free_sized(ary, T) rb_darray_free_sized0((ary), sizeof(T))
+
+static inline void
 rb_darray_free_without_gc(void *ary)
 {
     free(ary);
@@ -187,13 +201,16 @@ rb_darray_calloc_mul_add_without_gc(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z)
     return ptr;
 }
 
+void *ruby_xrealloc_sized(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size);
+
 /* Internal function. Like rb_xrealloc_mul_add. */
 static inline void *
-rb_darray_realloc_mul_add(void *orig_ptr, size_t x, size_t y, size_t z)
+rb_darray_realloc_mul_add(void *orig_ptr, size_t capa, size_t element_size, size_t header_size)
 {
-    size_t size = rbimpl_size_add_or_raise(rbimpl_size_mul_or_raise(x, y), z);
+    size_t size = rbimpl_size_add_or_raise(rbimpl_size_mul_or_raise(capa, element_size), header_size);
+    size_t old_size = (rb_darray_capa(orig_ptr) * element_size) + header_size; // We know it won't overflow
 
-    void *ptr = xrealloc(orig_ptr, size);
+    void *ptr = ruby_xrealloc_sized(orig_ptr, size, old_size);
     RUBY_ASSERT(ptr != NULL);
 
     return ptr;
diff --git a/debug.c b/debug.c
index 4717a0bc9c..730f860e7a 100644
--- a/debug.c
+++ b/debug.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ const union {
     enum ruby_rstring_flags     rstring_flags;
     enum ruby_rarray_flags      rarray_flags;
     enum ruby_rarray_consts     rarray_consts;
+    enum rbimpl_typeddata_flags rtypeddata_consts;
     enum {
         RUBY_FMODE_READABLE		= FMODE_READABLE,
         RUBY_FMODE_WRITABLE		= FMODE_WRITABLE,
@@ -168,9 +169,7 @@ ruby_debug_breakpoint(void)
 }
 
 #if defined _WIN32
-# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
 extern int ruby_w32_rtc_error;
-# endif
 #endif
 #if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -233,9 +232,7 @@ ruby_env_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
     SET_WHEN("ci", ruby_on_ci, 1);
     SET_WHEN_UINT("rgengc", &ruby_rgengc_debug, 1, ruby_rgengc_debug = 1);
 #if defined _WIN32
-# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
     SET_WHEN("rtc_error", ruby_w32_rtc_error, 1);
-# endif
 #endif
 #if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
     SET_WHEN_UINT("codepage", ruby_w32_codepage, numberof(ruby_w32_codepage),
@@ -371,7 +368,7 @@ setup_debug_log_filter(void)
 
             if (len >= MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER_LEN) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "too long: %s (max:%d)\n", str, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER_LEN - 1);
-                exit(1);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
 
             // body
@@ -399,7 +396,7 @@ setup_debug_log(void)
             debug_log.mem = (char *)malloc(MAX_DEBUG_LOG * MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN);
             if (debug_log.mem == NULL) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "setup_debug_log failed (can't allocate memory)\n");
-                exit(1);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
             ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_memory;
         }
@@ -427,7 +424,7 @@ setup_debug_log(void)
                         break;
                       default:
                         fprintf(stderr, "can not parse RUBY_DEBUG_LOG filename: %s\n", log_config);
-                        exit(1);
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                     }
                 }
                 else {
@@ -436,13 +433,13 @@ setup_debug_log(void)
 
                 if (j >= DEBUG_LOG_MAX_PATH) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=%s is too long\n", log_config);
-                    exit(1);
+                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                 }
             }
 
             if ((debug_log.output = fopen(debug_log.output_file, "w")) == NULL) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "can not open %s for RUBY_DEBUG_LOG\n", log_config);
-                exit(1);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
             setvbuf(debug_log.output, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
         }
@@ -712,4 +709,22 @@ ruby_debug_log_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int n)
         fclose(fp);
     }
 }
+
+#else
+
+#undef ruby_debug_log
+void
+ruby_debug_log(const char *file, int line, const char *func_name, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "[%s:%d] %s: ", file, line, func_name);
+
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+
 #endif // #if USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
diff --git a/debug_counter.h b/debug_counter.h
index 481a0727e6..721ff9d1b8 100644
--- a/debug_counter.h
+++ b/debug_counter.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_temp)       //           dummy CC (stack-allocated)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_found_in_ccs)      // count for CC lookup success in CCS
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_not_found_in_ccs)  // count for CC lookup success in CCS
 
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_ent_invalidate) // count for invalidating cc (cc->klass = 0)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_ent_invalidate) // count for invalidating cc (cc->klass = Qundef)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_cme_invalidate) // count for invalidating CME
 
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf)          // count for invalidating klass if klass has no-subclasses
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_wb_unprotect)
 
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_embed)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_ptr)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_too_complex)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_complex)
 
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_ptr)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_embed)
@@ -305,16 +305,21 @@ RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ment)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_iseq)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_env)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_tmpbuf)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ast)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_cvar_entry)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_cref)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_svar)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_throw_data)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ifunc)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_memo)
-RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_parser_strterm)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callinfo)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callcache)
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_constcache)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_fields)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_subclasses)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_cdhash)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(opt_new_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(opt_new_miss)
 
 /* ar_table */
 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_hit)
diff --git a/defs/gmake.mk b/defs/gmake.mk
index b34e8420ba..0320f9b7d5 100644
--- a/defs/gmake.mk
+++ b/defs/gmake.mk
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 reconfig config.status: export MAKE:=$(MAKE)
 export BASERUBY:=$(BASERUBY)
+export GIT
 override gnumake_recursive := $(if $(findstring n,$(firstword $(MFLAGS))),,+)
 override mflags := $(filter-out -j%,$(MFLAGS))
 MSPECOPT += $(if $(filter -j%,$(MFLAGS)),-j)
@@ -161,6 +162,10 @@ endif
 
 config.status: $(wildcard config.cache)
 
+ifneq (ruby,$(PROGRAM))
+ruby: $(PROGRAM);
+endif
+
 STUBPROGRAM = rubystub$(EXEEXT)
 IGNOREDPATTERNS = %~ .% %.orig %.rej \#%\#
 SCRIPTBINDIR := $(if $(EXEEXT),,exec/)
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ post-commit: $(if $(DOT_WAIT),,do-commit)
 	+$(Q) \
 	{ \
 	  $(in-srcdir) \
-	  exec sed -f tool/prereq.status defs/gmake.mk template/Makefile.in common.mk; \
+	  exec sed -f tool/prereq.status defs/gmake.mk template/Makefile.in common.mk depend; \
 	} | \
 	$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) \
 		top_srcdir="$(top_srcdir)" srcdir="$(srcdir)" srcs_vpath="" CHDIR="$(CHDIR)" \
@@ -216,8 +221,8 @@ post-commit: $(if $(DOT_WAIT),,do-commit)
 GITHUB_RUBY_URL = https://github.com/ruby/ruby
 PR =
 
-COMMIT_GPG_SIGN = $(shell $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" config commit.gpgsign)
-REMOTE_GITHUB_URL = $(shell $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" config remote.github.url)
+COMMIT_GPG_SIGN = $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) config commit.gpgsign)
+REMOTE_GITHUB_URL = $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) config remote.github.url)
 COMMITS_NOTES = commits
 
 .PHONY: fetch-github
@@ -232,19 +237,19 @@ define fetch-github
 	$(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL))
 	$(if $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL),,
 	  echo adding $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL) as remote github
-	  $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" remote add github $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)
-	  $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" config --add remote.github.fetch +refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES):refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES)
+	  $(GIT_IN_SRC) remote add github $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)
+	  $(GIT_IN_SRC) config --add remote.github.fetch +refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES):refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES)
 	  $(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL))
 	)
-	$(if $(shell $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" rev-parse "github/pull/$(1)/head" -- 2> /dev/null),
-	    $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" branch -f "gh-$(1)" "github/pull/$(1)/head",
-	    $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" fetch -f github "pull/$(1)/head:gh-$(1)"
+	$(if $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) rev-parse "github/pull/$(1)/head" -- 2> /dev/null),
+	    $(GIT_IN_SRC) branch -f "gh-$(1)" "github/pull/$(1)/head",
+	    $(GIT_IN_SRC) fetch -f github "pull/$(1)/head:gh-$(1)"
 	)
 endef
 
 .PHONY: checkout-github
 checkout-github: fetch-github
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$(PR)"
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) checkout "gh-$(PR)"
 
 .PHONY: update-github
 update-github: fetch-github
@@ -257,25 +262,25 @@ update-github: fetch-github
 	$(eval PR_BRANCH := $(word 2,$(PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH)))
 
 	$(eval GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(PR)-XXXXXX"))
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(PR)"
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(PR)"
 	$(GIT) -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" merge master --no-edit
 	@$(BASERUBY) -e 'print "Are you sure to push this to PR=$(PR)? [Y/n]: "; exit(gets.chomp != "n")'
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" remote add fork-$(PR) git@github.com:$(FORK_REPO).git
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) remote add fork-$(PR) git@github.com:$(FORK_REPO).git
 	$(GIT) -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" push fork-$(PR) gh-$(PR):$(PR_BRANCH)
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" remote rm fork-$(PR)
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" worktree remove $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE))
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" branch -D gh-$(PR)
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) remote rm fork-$(PR)
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) worktree remove $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE))
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) branch -D gh-$(PR)
 
 .PHONY: pull-github
 pull-github: fetch-github
 	$(call pull-github,$(PR))
 
 define pull-github
-	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BASE := $(shell $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" log -1 --format=format:%H))
-	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH := $(shell $(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" symbolic-ref --short HEAD))
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BASE := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) rev-parse HEAD)
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) symbolic-ref --short HEAD))
 	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(1)-XXXXXX"))
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" worktree prune
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(1)"
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) worktree prune
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(1)"
 	$(GIT) -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase $(GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH)
 	$(eval COMMIT_GPG_SIGN := $(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN))
 	$(if $(filter true,$(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN)), \
@@ -290,7 +295,7 @@ fetch-github-%:
 
 .PHONY: checkout-github-%
 checkout-github-%: fetch-github-%
-	$(GIT) -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$*"
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) checkout "gh-$*"
 
 .PHONY: pr-% pull-github-%
 pr-% pull-github-%: fetch-github-%
@@ -309,7 +314,7 @@ HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = \
 # 4. "gem x.y.z URL" -> "gem-x.y.z"
 bundled-gems := $(shell sed \
 	-e 's/[ 	][ 	]*/ /g' \
-	-e 's/^ //;/\#/d;s/ *$$//;/^$$/d' \
+	-e 's/^ //;s/\#.*//;s/ *$$//;/^$$/d' \
 	$(if $(filter yes,$(HAVE_GIT)), \
 	-e 's/^\(.*\) \(.*\) \(.*\) \(.*\)/\1|\2|\4|\3/' \
 	) \
@@ -365,7 +370,7 @@ $(srcdir)/.bundle/.timestamp:
 define build-gem
 $(srcdir)/gems/src/$(1)/.git: | $(srcdir)/gems/src
 	$(ECHO) Cloning $(4)
-	$(Q) $(GIT) clone $(4) $$(@D)
+	$(Q) $(GIT) clone --depth=1 --no-tags $(4) $$(@D)
 
 $(bundled-gem-revision): \
 	$(if $(if $(wildcard $$(@)),$(filter $(3),$(shell cat $$(@)))),,PHONY) \
@@ -406,6 +411,7 @@ $(srcdir)/.bundle/gems:
 
 ifneq ($(DOT_WAIT),)
 up:: $(DOT_WAIT) after-update
+after-update:: MINIRUBY = $(BASERUBY)
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(filter update-bundled_gems refresh-gems,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ ifneq ($(DOT_WAIT),)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(HAVE_GIT),yes)
-REVISION_LATEST := $(shell $(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(GIT) log -1 --format=%H 2>/dev/null)
+REVISION_LATEST := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) rev-parse HEAD 2>/dev/null)
 else
 REVISION_LATEST := update
 endif
@@ -442,12 +448,16 @@ $(REVISION_H): PHONY
 endif
 
 include $(top_srcdir)/yjit/yjit.mk
+include $(top_srcdir)/zjit/zjit.mk
+include $(top_srcdir)/defs/jit.mk
 
 # Query on the generated rdoc
 #
 #   $ make rdoc:Integer#+
-rdoc\:%: PHONY
-	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/libexec/ri --no-standard-docs --doc-dir=$(RDOCOUT) $(patsubst rdoc:%,%,$@)
+rdoc\:%: PHONY programs $(RDOCOUT) update-default-gemspecs
+	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) -I$(tooldir)/lib -rbundled_gem \
+	    -e "load BundledGem.command('rdoc', 'ri')" -- \
+	    --no-standard-docs --doc-dir=$(RDOCOUT) $(patsubst rdoc:%,%,$@)
 
 test_%.rb test/%: programs PHONY
 	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) -- $(patsubst test/%,%,$@)
@@ -489,7 +499,7 @@ endif
 update-deps:
 	$(eval update_deps := $(shell date +update-deps-%Y%m%d))
 	$(eval deps_dir := $(shell mktemp -d)/$(update_deps))
-	$(eval GIT_DIR := $(shell $(GIT) -C $(srcdir) rev-parse --absolute-git-dir))
+	$(eval GIT_DIR := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) rev-parse --absolute-git-dir))
 	$(GIT) --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) worktree add $(deps_dir)
 	cp $(tooldir)/config.guess $(tooldir)/config.sub $(deps_dir)/tool
 	[ -f config.status ] && cp config.status $(deps_dir)
@@ -503,10 +513,14 @@ update-deps:
 	$(GIT) --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) merge --no-edit --ff-only $(update_deps)
 	$(GIT) --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) branch --delete $(update_deps)
 
+fix-depends check-depends: all hello
+	$(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) tool/update-deps $(if $(filter fix-%,$@),--fix)
+
 # order-only-prerequisites doesn't work for $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)
 # because the same named directory exists in the source tree.
-$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT): $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.c $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/rubyspec.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(LIBRUBY)
-	$(ECHO) building $@
+$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT): $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.c $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_DEPS) \
+	| build-ext yes-rubyspec-capiext
+	$(no_silence:no=$(ECHO) building $@)
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
 	$(Q) $(DLDSHARED) -L. $(XDLDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $< $(LIBRUBYARG)
 ifneq ($(POSTLINK),)
@@ -514,44 +528,86 @@ ifneq ($(POSTLINK),)
 endif
 	$(Q) $(RMALL) $@.*
 
-RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_SO := $(patsubst %.c,$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.c)))
-rubyspec-capiext: $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_SO)
-	@ $(NULLCMD)
-
-ifeq ($(ENABLE_SHARED),yes)
-ruby: $(if $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE),$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_SO))
-exts: rubyspec-capiext
-endif
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_EXTS := $(patsubst %.c,$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.c)))
+rubyspec-capiext: $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_EXTS)
 
-spec/%/ spec/%_spec.rb: programs exts PHONY
+spec/%/ spec/%_spec.rb: programs exts $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_BUILD) PHONY
 	+$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec-run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec $(SPECOPTS) $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/%,$@)
 
 ruby.pc: $(filter-out ruby.pc,$(ruby_pc))
 
+# `make matz`: bump up the MINOR;
+#    Copying NEWS.md to doc/NEWS/, and empty the details in NEWS.md.
+#
+# `make matz NEW=x.y`: bump up to x.y.0;
+#    Just update the version in the title of NEWS.md.
+
 matz: up
-	$(eval OLD := $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).0)
-	$(eval MINOR := $(shell expr $(MINOR) + 1))
-	$(eval NEW := $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).0)
-	$(eval message := Development of $(NEW) started.)
-	$(eval files := include/ruby/version.h include/ruby/internal/abi.h)
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) mv -f NEWS.md doc/NEWS/NEWS-$(OLD).md
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) commit -m "[DOC] Flush NEWS.md"
+matz-commit: OLD := $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).0
+ifdef NEW
+matz-commit: MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(NEW)))
+matz-commit: MINOR := $(word 2,$(subst ., ,$(NEW)))
+matz-commit: $(DOT_WAIT) bump_news
+bump_news$(DOT_WAIT): up
+bump_headers$(DOT_WAIT): bump_news
+else
+matz-commit: MINOR := $(shell expr $(MINOR) + 1)
+matz-commit: $(DOT_WAIT) reset_news
+flush_news$(DOT_WAIT): up
+bump_headers$(DOT_WAIT): reset_news
+endif
+
+matz: $(DOT_WAIT) matz-commit
+matz-commit: bump_headers
+matz-commit: override NEW := $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).0
+matz-commit: files := include/ruby/version.h include/ruby/internal/abi.h
+matz-commit: message := Development of $(NEW) started.
+
+flush_news:
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) mv -f NEWS.md doc/NEWS/NEWS-$(OLD).md
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) commit -m "[DOC] Flush NEWS.md"
+
+.PHONY: flush_news reset_news bump_news bump_headers
+
+bump_headers:
 	sed -i~ \
+	-e "s/^\(#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR\) .*/\1 $(MAJOR)/" \
 	-e "s/^\(#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR\) .*/\1 $(MINOR)/" \
 	-e "s/^\(#define RUBY_ABI_VERSION\) .*/\1 0/" \
 	 $(files:%=$(srcdir)/%)
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) add $(files)
+
+reset_news: flush_news
 	$(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) -p -00 \
-	-e 'BEGIN {old, new = ARGV.shift(2); STDOUT.reopen("NEWS.md")}' \
+	-e 'BEGIN {old, new = ARGV.shift(2); STDOUT.reopen(ARGV.shift)}' \
 	-e 'case $$.' \
 	-e 'when 1; $$_.sub!(/Ruby \K[0-9.]+/, new)' \
 	-e 'when 2; $$_.sub!(/\*\*\K[0-9.]+(?=\*\*)/, old)' \
 	-e 'end' \
 	-e 'next if /^[\[ *]/ =~ $$_' \
 	-e '$$_.sub!(/\n{2,}\z/, "\n\n")' \
-	$(OLD) $(NEW) doc/NEWS/NEWS-$(OLD).md
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) add NEWS.md
-	$(GIT) -C $(srcdir) commit -m "$(message)"
+	$(OLD) $(NEW) NEWS.md doc/NEWS/NEWS-$(OLD).md
+
+bump_news:
+	$(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) -p -i \
+	-e 'BEGIN {new = ARGV.shift; print gets("").sub(/Ruby \K[0-9.]+/, new)}' \
+	$(NEW) NEWS.md
+
+matz: matz-commit matz-push
+
+matz-commit:
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) add NEWS.md $(files)
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) commit -m "$(message)"
+
+GIT_REMOTE_ORIGIN = origin
+
+matz-push: matz-commit
+	$(eval origin_url := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) remote get-url $(GIT_REMOTE_ORIGIN)))
+	$(if $(origin_url),,@false)
+	$(eval last_commit := $(shell $(GIT_IN_SRC) log -n1 --format=%H --author=matz HEAD~..HEAD))
+	$(if $(last_commit),,$(ECHO) No matz commits 1>&2; false)
+	$(if $(filter 12-25 12-26,$(shell date +%m-%d)),,$(ECHO) Not the release date 1>&2; false)
+	$(ECHO) $$'\e[31m'Pushing to $$'\e[7m'$(GIT_REMOTE_ORIGIN)$$'\e[27m'" ($(origin_url))"$$'\e[m'
+	$(GIT_IN_SRC) push $(GIT_REMOTE_ORIGIN)
 
 tags:
 	$(MAKE) GIT="$(GIT)" -C "$(srcdir)" -f defs/tags.mk
diff --git a/defs/id.def b/defs/id.def
index 5e2da592ef..344b072e76 100644
--- a/defs/id.def
+++ b/defs/id.def
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   send
   __send__
   __recursive_key__
+  clone
   initialize
   initialize_copy
   initialize_clone
@@ -63,6 +64,8 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   pack
   buffer
   include?
+  aborted
+  exited
 
   _                                                     UScore
 
@@ -76,6 +79,8 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   _7  NUMPARAM_7
   _8  NUMPARAM_8
   _9  NUMPARAM_9
+  <it>  ItImplicit
+  it    It
 
   "/*NULL*/"                                            NULL
   empty?
diff --git a/defs/jit.mk b/defs/jit.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c1e819684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/jit.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Make recipes that deal with the rust code of YJIT and ZJIT.
+#
+# $(gnumake_recursive) adds the '+' prefix to pass down GNU make's
+# jobserver resources to cargo/rustc as rust-lang.org recommends.
+# Without it, certain make version trigger a warning. It does not
+# add the prefix when `make --dry-run` so dry runs are indeed dry.
+
+ifneq ($(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT),no)
+
+# Show Cargo progress when doing `make V=1`
+CARGO_VERBOSE_0 = -q
+CARGO_VERBOSE_1 =
+CARGO_VERBOSE = $(CARGO_VERBOSE_$(V))
+
+# Because of Cargo cache, if the actual binary is not changed from the
+# previous build, the mtime is preserved as the cached file.
+# This means the target is not updated actually, and it will need to
+# rebuild at the next build.
+RUST_LIB_TOUCH = touch $@
+
+# NOTE: MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET to match `rustc --print deployment-target` to avoid the warning below.
+#    ld: warning: object file (target/debug/libjit.a(<libcapstone object>)) was built for
+#    newer macOS version (15.2) than being linked (15.0)
+# This limits us to an older set of macOS API in the rust code, but we don't use any.
+$(RUST_LIB): $(srcdir)/ruby.rs target/.rustc-version
+	$(Q)if [ '$(ZJIT_SUPPORT)' != no -a '$(YJIT_SUPPORT)' != no ]; then \
+	    echo 'building YJIT and ZJIT ($(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT:yes=release) mode)'; \
+	elif [ '$(ZJIT_SUPPORT)' != no ]; then \
+	    echo 'building ZJIT ($(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT) mode)'; \
+	elif [ '$(YJIT_SUPPORT)' != no ]; then \
+	    echo 'building YJIT ($(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT) mode)'; \
+	fi
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)CARGO_TARGET_DIR='$(CARGO_TARGET_DIR)' \
+	    CARGO_TERM_PROGRESS_WHEN='never' \
+	    MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0 \
+	    $(CARGO) $(CARGO_VERBOSE) build --manifest-path '$(top_srcdir)/Cargo.toml' $(CARGO_BUILD_ARGS)
+	$(RUST_LIB_TOUCH)
+else ifneq ($(strip $(RLIB_DIR)),) # combo build
+
+$(RUST_LIB): $(srcdir)/ruby.rs target/.rustc-version
+	$(ECHO) 'building $(@F)'
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) $(RUSTC) --edition=2024 \
+	    $(RUSTC_FLAGS) \
+	    '-L$(@D)' \
+	    --extern=yjit \
+	    --extern=zjit \
+	    --crate-type=staticlib \
+	    --cfg 'feature="yjit"' \
+	    --cfg 'feature="zjit"' \
+	    '--out-dir=$(@D)' \
+	    '$(top_srcdir)/ruby.rs'
+
+# Absolute path to avoid VPATH ambiguity
+JIT_RLIB = $(TOP_BUILD_DIR)/$(RLIB_DIR)/libjit.rlib
+$(YJIT_RLIB): $(JIT_RLIB)
+$(ZJIT_RLIB): $(JIT_RLIB)
+$(JIT_RLIB): target/.rustc-version
+	$(ECHO) 'building $(@F)'
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) $(RUSTC) --crate-name=jit \
+	    --edition=2024 \
+	    $(JIT_RUST_FLAGS) \
+	    $(RUSTC_FLAGS) \
+	    '--out-dir=$(@D)' \
+	    '$(top_srcdir)/jit/src/lib.rs'
+endif # ifneq ($(JIT_CARGO_SUPPORT),no)
+
+RUST_LIB_SYMBOLS = $(RUST_LIB:.a=).symbols
+$(RUST_LIBOBJ): $(RUST_LIB)
+	$(ECHO) 'partial linking $(RUST_LIB) into $@'
+ifneq ($(findstring darwin,$(target_os)),)
+	$(Q) $(CC) -nodefaultlibs -r -o $@ -exported_symbols_list $(RUST_LIB_SYMBOLS) $(RUST_LIB)
+else
+	$(Q) $(LD) -r -o $@ --whole-archive $(RUST_LIB)
+	-$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) --wildcard --keep-global-symbol='$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)rb_*' $(@)
+endif
+
+rust-libobj: $(RUST_LIBOBJ)
+rust-lib: $(RUST_LIB)
+
+rustc-version-check: target/.rustc-version
+
+target/.rustc-version: PHONY
+	$(eval prev_version := $(if $(wildcard $@),$(shell cat $@)))
+	$(eval curr_version := $(shell $(RUSTC) -V | cut -d' ' -f2))
+	$(eval clean := $(filter-out $(prev_version),$(curr_version)))
+	$(if $(clean),$(ECHO) Cleaning $(@D) for rustc $(curr_version))
+	$(if $(clean),$(Q)$(RMALL) $(@D))
+	$(if $(clean),$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D))
+	$(if $(clean),$(Q)echo $(curr_version) > $@)
+
+# For Darwin only: a list of symbols that we want the glommed Rust static lib to export.
+# Unfortunately, using wildcard like '_rb_*' with -exported-symbol does not work, at least
+# not on version 820.1. Assume llvm-nm, so XCode 8.0 (from 2016) or newer.
+#
+# The -exported_symbols_list pulls out the right archive members. Symbols not listed
+# in the list are made private extern, which are in turn made local as we're using `ld -r`.
+# Note, section about -keep_private_externs in ld's man page hints at this behavior on which
+# we rely.
+ifneq ($(findstring darwin,$(target_os)),)
+$(RUST_LIB_SYMBOLS): $(RUST_LIB)
+	$(Q) $(tooldir)/darwin-ar $(NM) --defined-only --extern-only $(RUST_LIB) | \
+	sed -n -e 's/.* //' -e '/^$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)rb_/p' \
+	-e '/^$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)rust_eh_personality/p' \
+	> $@
+
+$(RUST_LIBOBJ): $(RUST_LIB_SYMBOLS)
+endif
diff --git a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
index 31ae2eb6a1..5ce67538f1 100644
--- a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
+++ b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 __END__
 
 putobject putobject
-putobject putstring
+putobject dupstring
 putobject setlocal
 
-putstring putstring
-putstring putobject
-putstring setlocal
+dupstring dupstring
+dupstring putobject
+dupstring setlocal
 
 # putnil end
 
diff --git a/depend b/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2e8312298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,21719 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
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+zjit.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}zjit.rbinc
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index b934f2795c..9f2d36b633 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -504,6 +504,20 @@ fnmatch(
 }
 
 VALUE rb_cDir;
+static VALUE sym_directory, sym_link, sym_file, sym_unknown;
+
+#if defined(DT_BLK) || defined(S_IFBLK)
+static VALUE sym_block_device;
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_CHR) || defined(S_IFCHR)
+static VALUE sym_character_device;
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_FIFO) || defined(S_IFIFO)
+static VALUE sym_fifo;
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_SOCK) || defined(S_IFSOCK)
+static VALUE sym_socket;
+#endif
 
 struct dir_data {
     DIR *dir;
@@ -905,14 +919,109 @@ dir_read(VALUE dir)
     }
 }
 
-static VALUE dir_each_entry(VALUE, VALUE (*)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE, int);
+struct dir_entry_args {
+    struct dir_data *dirp;
+    struct dirent *dp;
+};
+
+static VALUE dir_each_entry(VALUE, VALUE (*)(VALUE, VALUE, struct dir_entry_args *), VALUE, int);
 
 static VALUE
-dir_yield(VALUE arg, VALUE path)
+dir_yield(VALUE arg, VALUE path, struct dir_entry_args *_unused)
 {
     return rb_yield(path);
 }
 
+static int do_lstat(int fd, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc);
+
+static VALUE
+dir_yield_with_type(VALUE arg, VALUE path, struct dir_entry_args *dir_entry)
+{
+    VALUE type;
+    switch (dir_entry->dp->d_type) {
+#ifdef DT_BLK
+      case DT_BLK:
+        type = sym_block_device;
+        break;
+#endif
+#ifdef DT_CHR
+      case DT_CHR:
+        type = sym_character_device;
+        break;
+#endif
+      case DT_DIR:
+        type = sym_directory;
+        break;
+#ifdef DT_FIFO
+      case DT_FIFO:
+        type = sym_fifo;
+        break;
+#endif
+      case DT_LNK:
+        type = sym_link;
+        break;
+      case DT_REG:
+        type = sym_file;
+        break;
+#ifdef DT_SOCK
+      case DT_SOCK:
+        type = sym_socket;
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        type = sym_unknown;
+        break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
+    if (RUBY_DEBUG || RB_UNLIKELY(type == sym_unknown)) {
+        struct stat st;
+        if (do_lstat(dirfd(dir_entry->dirp->dir), dir_entry->dp->d_name, &st, 0, rb_filesystem_encoding()) == 0) {
+            switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
+              case S_IFDIR:
+                type = sym_directory;
+                break;
+              case S_IFLNK:
+                type = sym_link;
+                break;
+              case S_IFREG:
+                type = sym_file;
+                break;
+#ifdef S_IFSOCK
+              case S_IFSOCK:
+                type = sym_socket;
+                break;
+#endif
+#ifdef S_IFIFO
+              case S_IFIFO:
+                type = sym_fifo;
+                break;
+#endif
+#ifdef S_IFBLK
+              case S_IFBLK:
+                type = sym_block_device;
+                break;
+#endif
+#ifdef S_IFCHR
+              case S_IFCHR:
+                type = sym_character_device;
+                break;
+#endif
+              default:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_DIRFD
+
+    if (NIL_P(arg)) {
+        return rb_yield_values(2, path, type);
+    }
+    else {
+        return rb_ary_push(arg, rb_assoc_new(path, type));
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   each {|entry_name| ... } -> self
@@ -940,7 +1049,7 @@ dir_each(VALUE dir)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg, int children_only)
+dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE, struct dir_entry_args *), VALUE arg, int children_only)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
     struct dirent *dp;
@@ -966,7 +1075,11 @@ dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg, int children_o
         else
 #endif
         path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
-        (*each)(arg, path);
+        struct dir_entry_args each_args = {
+            .dirp = dirp,
+            .dp = dp,
+        };
+        (*each)(arg, path, &each_args);
     }
     return dir;
 }
@@ -1472,24 +1585,55 @@ dir_chdir(VALUE dir)
 #endif
 }
 
+static VALUE last_cwd;
+
 #ifndef _WIN32
+static VALUE
+getcwd_to_str(VALUE arg)
+{
+    const char *path = (const char *)arg;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    return rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
+#else
+    return rb_str_new2(path);
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+getcwd_xfree(VALUE arg)
+{
+    xfree((void *)arg);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_dir_getwd_ospath_slowpath(void)
+{
+    char *path = ruby_getcwd();
+    return rb_ensure(getcwd_to_str, (VALUE)path, getcwd_xfree, (VALUE)path);
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_dir_getwd_ospath(void)
 {
-    char *path;
-    VALUE cwd;
-    VALUE path_guard;
+    char buf[PATH_MAX];
+    char *path = getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX);
+    if (!path) {
+        return rb_dir_getwd_ospath_slowpath();
+    }
+
+    VALUE cached_cwd = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_LOAD(last_cwd);
 
-    path_guard = rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer();
-    path = ruby_getcwd();
-    rb_imemo_tmpbuf_set_ptr(path_guard, path);
+    if (!cached_cwd || strcmp(RSTRING_PTR(cached_cwd), path) != 0) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    cwd = rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
+        cached_cwd = rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
 #else
-    cwd = rb_str_new2(path);
+        cached_cwd = rb_str_new2(path);
 #endif
-    rb_free_tmp_buffer(&path_guard);
-    return cwd;
+        rb_str_freeze(cached_cwd);
+        RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_SET(last_cwd, cached_cwd);
+    }
+    return cached_cwd;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1498,7 +1642,7 @@ rb_dir_getwd(void)
 {
     rb_encoding *fs = rb_filesystem_encoding();
     int fsenc = rb_enc_to_index(fs);
-    VALUE cwd = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
+    VALUE cwd = rb_str_new_shared(rb_dir_getwd_ospath());
 
     switch (fsenc) {
       case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
@@ -1804,7 +1948,7 @@ nogvl_stat(void *args)
 
 /* System call with warning */
 static int
-do_stat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+do_stat(int fd, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
 #if USE_OPENDIR_AT
     struct fstatat_args args;
@@ -1836,7 +1980,7 @@ nogvl_lstat(void *args)
 #endif
 
 static int
-do_lstat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+do_lstat(int fd, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
 #if USE_OPENDIR_AT
     struct fstatat_args args;
@@ -2659,8 +2803,10 @@ glob_opendir(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, DIR *dirp, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
             }
             if (count >= capacity) {
                 capacity += 256;
-                if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, capacity)))
+                if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, capacity))) {
+                    GLOB_FREE(rdp);
                     goto nomem;
+                }
                 ent->sort.entries = newp;
             }
             ent->sort.entries[count++] = rdp;
@@ -2779,7 +2925,7 @@ glob_helper(
 
     if (*path) {
         if (match_all && pathtype == path_unknown) {
-            if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+            if (do_lstat(fd, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
                 pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
             }
             else {
@@ -2787,7 +2933,7 @@ glob_helper(
             }
         }
         if (match_dir && (pathtype == path_unknown || pathtype == path_symlink)) {
-            if (do_stat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+            if (do_stat(fd, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
                 pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
             }
             else {
@@ -2915,7 +3061,7 @@ glob_helper(
             if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1) &&
                 new_pathtype == path_unknown) {
                 /* RECURSIVE never match dot files unless FNM_DOTMATCH is set */
-                if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
+                if (do_lstat(fd, buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
                     new_pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
                 else
                     new_pathtype = path_noent;
@@ -3471,10 +3617,16 @@ dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+dir_entry_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE entry, struct dir_entry_args *_unused)
+{
+    return rb_ary_push(ary, entry);
+}
+
+static VALUE
 dir_collect(VALUE dir)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, FALSE);
+    dir_each_entry(dir, dir_entry_ary_push, ary, FALSE);
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -3569,12 +3721,37 @@ static VALUE
 dir_collect_children(VALUE dir)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, TRUE);
+    dir_each_entry(dir, dir_entry_ary_push, ary, TRUE);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
+ *   children -> array
+ *
+ * Returns an array of the entry names in +self+ along with their type
+ * except for <tt>'.'</tt> and <tt>'..'</tt>:
+ *
+ *   dir = Dir.new('/example')
+ *   dir.scan # => [["config.h", :file], ["lib", :directory], ["main.rb", :file]]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_scan_children(VALUE dir)
+{
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield_with_type, Qnil, TRUE);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+        dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield_with_type, ary, TRUE);
+        return ary;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
  *   Dir.children(dirpath) -> array
  *   Dir.children(dirpath, encoding: 'UTF-8') -> array
  *
@@ -3601,6 +3778,40 @@ dir_s_children(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     return rb_ensure(dir_collect_children, dir, dir_close, dir);
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Dir.scan(dirpath) {|entry_name, entry_type| ... } -> nil
+ *   Dir.scan(dirpath, encoding: 'UTF-8') {|entry_name, entry_type| ... } -> nil
+ *   Dir.scan(dirpath) -> [[entry_name, entry_type], ...]
+ *   Dir.scan(dirpath, encoding: 'UTF-8') -> [[entry_name, entry_type], ...]
+ *
+ * Yields or returns an array of the entry names in the directory at +dirpath+
+ * associated with their type, except for <tt>'.'</tt> and <tt>'..'</tt>;
+ * sets the given encoding onto each returned entry name.
+ *
+ *  The type symbol is one of:
+ *  ``<code>:file</code>'', ``<code>:directory</code>'',
+ *  ``<code>:characterSpecial</code>'', ``<code>:blockSpecial</code>'',
+ *  ``<code>:fifo</code>'', ``<code>:link</code>'',
+ *  or ``<code>:socket</code>'':
+ *
+ *   Dir.children('/example') # => [["config.h", :file], ["lib", :directory], ["main.rb", :file]]
+ *   Dir.children('/example').first.first.encoding
+ *   # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+ *   Dir.children('/example', encoding: 'US-ASCII').first.encoding
+ *   # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+ *
+ * See {String Encoding}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@String+Encoding].
+ *
+ * Raises an exception if the directory does not exist.
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_s_scan(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
+    return rb_ensure(dir_scan_children, dir, dir_close, dir);
+}
+
 static int
 fnmatch_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
 {
@@ -3804,8 +4015,27 @@ rb_dir_s_empty_p(VALUE obj, VALUE dirname)
 void
 Init_Dir(void)
 {
+    sym_directory = ID2SYM(rb_intern("directory"));
+    sym_link = ID2SYM(rb_intern("link"));
+    sym_file = ID2SYM(rb_intern("file"));
+    sym_unknown = ID2SYM(rb_intern("unknown"));
+
+#if defined(DT_BLK) || defined(S_IFBLK)
+    sym_block_device = ID2SYM(rb_intern("blockSpecial"));
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_CHR) || defined(S_IFCHR)
+    sym_character_device = ID2SYM(rb_intern("characterSpecial"));
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_FIFO) || defined(S_IFIFO)
+    sym_fifo = ID2SYM(rb_intern("fifo"));
+#endif
+#if defined(DT_SOCK) || defined(S_IFSOCK)
+    sym_socket = ID2SYM(rb_intern("socket"));
+#endif
+
     rb_gc_register_address(&chdir_lock.path);
     rb_gc_register_address(&chdir_lock.thread);
+    rb_gc_register_address(&last_cwd);
 
     rb_cDir = rb_define_class("Dir", rb_cObject);
 
@@ -3817,6 +4047,7 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "entries", dir_entries, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "each_child", dir_s_each_child, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "children", dir_s_children, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "scan", dir_s_scan, -1);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"fileno", dir_fileno, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
@@ -3826,6 +4057,7 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each_child", dir_each_child_m, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"children", dir_collect_children, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"scan", dir_scan_children, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"tell", dir_tell, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"seek", dir_seek, 1);
diff --git a/dir.rb b/dir.rb
index 6cbfe1fb14..9b83f68822 100644
--- a/dir.rb
+++ b/dir.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 # A \Dir object is in some ways array-like:
 #
 # - It has instance methods #children, #each, and #each_child.
-# - It includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here].
+# - It includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats+Here].
 #
 # == \Dir As Stream-Like
 #
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@
 #
 # First, what's elsewhere. Class \Dir:
 #
-# - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
-# - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
+# - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+# - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats+Here],
 #   which provides dozens of additional methods.
 #
 # Here, class \Dir provides methods that are useful for:
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class Dir
   # if +nil+ (the default), the file system's encoding is used:
   #
   #   Dir.open('.').read.encoding                       # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-  #   Dir.open('.', encoding: 'US-ASCII').read.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  #   Dir.open('.', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).read.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
   #
   def self.open(name, encoding: nil, &block)
     dir = Primitive.dir_s_open(name, encoding)
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class Dir
   # if +nil+ (the default), the file system's encoding is used:
   #
   #   Dir.new('.').read.encoding                       # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-  #   Dir.new('.', encoding: 'US-ASCII').read.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  #   Dir.new('.', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCI).read.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
   #
   def initialize(name, encoding: nil)
     Primitive.dir_initialize(name, encoding)
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ class Dir
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #   Dir.glob(*patterns, flags: 0, base: nil, sort: true) -> array
-  #   Dir.glob(*patterns, flags: 0, base: nil, sort: true) {|entry_name| ... } -> nil
+  #   Dir.glob(patterns, flags: 0, base: nil, sort: true) -> array
+  #   Dir.glob(patterns, flags: 0, base: nil, sort: true) {|entry_name| ... } -> nil
   #
   # Forms an array _entry_names_ of the entry names selected by the arguments.
   #
@@ -319,14 +319,14 @@ class Dir
   #
   #     Dir.glob('io.?') # => ["io.c"]
   #
-  # - <tt>'[_set_]'</tt>: Matches any one character in the string _set_;
+  # - <tt>'[set]'</tt>: Matches any one character in the string _set_;
   #   behaves like a {Regexp character class}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Character+Classes],
   #   including set negation (<tt>'[^a-z]'</tt>):
   #
   #     Dir.glob('*.[a-z][a-z]').take(3)
   #     # => ["CONTRIBUTING.md", "COPYING.ja", "KNOWNBUGS.rb"]
   #
-  # - <tt>'{_abc_,_xyz_}'</tt>:
+  # - <tt>'{abc,xyz}'</tt>:
   #   Matches either string _abc_ or string _xyz_;
   #   behaves like {Regexp alternation}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Alternation]:
   #
@@ -388,10 +388,10 @@ class Dir
   #
   # - File::FNM_EXTGLOB:
   #   enables the pattern extension
-  #   <tt>'{_a_,_b_}'</tt>, which matches pattern _a_ and pattern _b_;
+  #   <tt>'{a,b}'</tt>, which matches pattern _a_ and pattern _b_;
   #   behaves like a
   #   {regexp union}[rdoc-ref:Regexp.union]
-  #   (e.g., <tt>'(?:_a_|_b_)'</tt>):
+  #   (e.g., <tt>'(?:a|b)'</tt>):
   #
   #     pattern = '{LEGAL,BSDL}'
   #     Dir.glob(pattern)      # => ["LEGAL", "BSDL"]
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c
index cd9792c432..d3b03e3e87 100644
--- a/dln.c
+++ b/dln.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ static void dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...);
 #endif
 #include "dln.h"
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/box.h"
 #include "internal/compilers.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
@@ -76,6 +77,10 @@ void *xrealloc();
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifndef UNREACHABLE_RETURN
+# define UNREACHABLE_RETURN(x) return (x)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef dln_loaderror
 static void
 dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...)
@@ -347,6 +352,7 @@ dln_open(const char *file)
     void *handle;
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+# define DLN_DEFINED
     char message[1024];
 
     /* Convert the file path to wide char */
@@ -373,6 +379,7 @@ dln_open(const char *file)
 # endif
 
 #elif defined(USE_DLN_DLOPEN)
+# define DLN_DEFINED
 
 # ifndef RTLD_LAZY
 #  define RTLD_LAZY 1
@@ -383,9 +390,13 @@ dln_open(const char *file)
 # ifndef RTLD_GLOBAL
 #  define RTLD_GLOBAL 0
 # endif
+# ifndef RTLD_LOCAL
+#  define RTLD_LOCAL 0 /* TODO: 0??? some systems (including libc) use 0x00100 for RTLD_GLOBAL, 0x00000 for RTLD_LOCAL */
+# endif
 
     /* Load file */
-    handle = dlopen(file, RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_GLOBAL);
+    int mode = rb_box_available() ? RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_LOCAL : RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_GLOBAL;
+    handle = dlopen(file, mode);
     if (handle == NULL) {
         error = dln_strerror();
         goto failed;
@@ -497,10 +508,10 @@ abi_check_enabled_p(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-void *
-dln_load(const char *file)
+static void *
+dln_load_and_init(const char *file, const char *init_fct_name)
 {
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(USE_DLN_DLOPEN)
+#if defined(DLN_DEFINED)
     void *handle = dln_open(file);
 
 #ifdef RUBY_DLN_CHECK_ABI
@@ -512,18 +523,17 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #endif
 
-    char *init_fct_name;
-    init_funcname(&init_fct_name, file);
-
     /* Call the init code */
     dln_sym_callable(void, (void), handle, init_fct_name)();
 
     return handle;
 
 #elif defined(_AIX)
+# define DLN_DEFINED
     {
         void (*init_fct)(void);
 
+        /* TODO: check - AIX's load system call will return the first/last symbol/function? */
         init_fct = (void(*)(void))load((char*)file, 1, 0);
         if (init_fct == NULL) {
             aix_loaderror(file);
@@ -536,7 +546,25 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #else
     dln_notimplement();
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(0);
 #endif
+}
 
-    return 0;			/* dummy return */
+void *
+dln_load(const char *file)
+{
+    return dln_load_feature(file, file);
+}
+
+void *
+dln_load_feature(const char *file, const char *fname)
+{
+#if defined(DLN_DEFINED)
+    char *init_fct_name;
+    init_funcname(&init_fct_name, fname);
+    return dln_load_and_init(file, init_fct_name);
+#else
+    dln_notimplement();
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(0);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/dln.h b/dln.h
index d624bb6611..711abf592c 100644
--- a/dln.h
+++ b/dln.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 char *dln_find_exe_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL);
 char *dln_find_file_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL);
 void *dln_load(const char*);
+void *dln_load_feature(const char*, const char*);
 void *dln_symbol(void*,const char*);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
diff --git a/dmydln.c b/dmydln.c
index 35824ebec8..62a89e2da5 100644
--- a/dmydln.c
+++ b/dmydln.c
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
 }
 
+NORETURN(void *dln_load_feature(const char*,const char*));
+void*
+dln_load_feature(const char *file, const char *fname)
+{
+    rb_loaderror("this executable file can't load extension libraries");
+
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
+}
+
 NORETURN(void *dln_symbol(void*,const char*));
 void*
 dln_symbol(void *handle, const char *symbol)
diff --git a/doc/.document b/doc/.document
index 6e6caa8333..337289a662 100644
--- a/doc/.document
+++ b/doc/.document
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-*.md
-*.rb
+[^_]*.md
+[^_]*.rb
 [^_]*.rdoc
 contributing
+distribution
 NEWS
 syntax
 optparse
-date
-rdoc
-regexp
-yjit
-ruby
+jit
+security
+language
+strscan
+file
+
diff --git a/doc/NEWS/NEWS-3.0.0.md b/doc/NEWS/NEWS-3.0.0.md
index 004fa4bf67..9fbaf504b4 100644
--- a/doc/NEWS/NEWS-3.0.0.md
+++ b/doc/NEWS/NEWS-3.0.0.md
@@ -367,11 +367,11 @@ Outstanding ones only.
     * Fiber.blocking? tells whether the current execution context is
       blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
 
+* Thread
+
     * Thread#join invokes the scheduler hooks `block`/`unblock` in a
       non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
 
-* Thread
-
     * Thread.ignore_deadlock accessor has been added for disabling the
       default deadlock detection, allowing the use of signal handlers to
       break deadlock. [[Bug #13768]]
diff --git a/doc/NEWS/NEWS-4.0.0.md b/doc/NEWS/NEWS-4.0.0.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d932fbf5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/NEWS/NEWS-4.0.0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+# NEWS for Ruby 4.0.0
+
+This document is a list of user-visible feature changes
+since the **3.4.0** release, except for bug fixes.
+
+Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
+
+## Language changes
+
+* `*nil` no longer calls `nil.to_a`, similar to how `**nil` does
+  not call `nil.to_hash`.  [[Feature #21047]]
+
+* Logical binary operators (`||`, `&&`, `and` and `or`) at the
+  beginning of a line continue the previous line, like fluent dot.
+  The following code examples are equal:
+
+    ```ruby
+    if condition1
+       && condition2
+      ...
+    end
+    ```
+
+    Previously:
+
+    ```ruby
+    if condition1 && condition2
+      ...
+    end
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    if condition1 &&
+       condition2
+      ...
+    end
+    ```
+
+    [[Feature #20925]]
+
+## Core classes updates
+
+Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
+
+* Array
+
+    * `Array#rfind` has been added as a more efficient alternative to `array.reverse_each.find` [[Feature #21678]]
+    * `Array#find` has been added as a more efficient override of `Enumerable#find` [[Feature #21678]]
+* Binding
+
+    * `Binding#local_variables` does no longer include numbered parameters.
+      Also, `Binding#local_variable_get`, `Binding#local_variable_set`, and
+      `Binding#local_variable_defined?` reject to handle numbered parameters.
+      [[Bug #21049]]
+
+    * `Binding#implicit_parameters`, `Binding#implicit_parameter_get`, and
+      `Binding#implicit_parameter_defined?` have been added to access
+      numbered parameters and "it" parameter. [[Bug #21049]]
+
+* Enumerator
+
+    * `Enumerator.produce` now accepts an optional `size` keyword argument
+      to specify the size of the enumerator.  It can be an integer,
+      `Float::INFINITY`, a callable object (such as a lambda), or `nil` to
+      indicate unknown size.  When not specified, the size defaults to
+      `Float::INFINITY`.
+
+        ```ruby
+        # Infinite enumerator
+        enum = Enumerator.produce(1, size: Float::INFINITY, &:succ)
+        enum.size  # => Float::INFINITY
+
+        # Finite enumerator with known/computable size
+        abs_dir = File.expand_path("./baz") # => "/foo/bar/baz"
+        traverser = Enumerator.produce(abs_dir, size: -> { abs_dir.count("/") + 1 }) {
+          raise StopIteration if it == "/"
+          File.dirname(it)
+        }
+        traverser.size  # => 4
+        ```
+
+      [[Feature #21701]]
+
+* ErrorHighlight
+
+    * When an ArgumentError is raised, it now displays code snippets for
+      both the method call (caller) and the method definition (callee).
+      [[Feature #21543]]
+
+      ```
+      test.rb:1:in 'Object#add': wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2) (ArgumentError)
+
+          caller: test.rb:3
+          | add(1)
+            ^^^
+          callee: test.rb:1
+          | def add(x, y) = x + y
+                ^^^
+              from test.rb:3:in '<main>'
+      ```
+
+* Fiber
+
+    * Introduce support for `Fiber#raise(cause:)` argument similar to
+      `Kernel#raise`. [[Feature #21360]]
+
+* Fiber::Scheduler
+
+    * Introduce `Fiber::Scheduler#fiber_interrupt` to interrupt a fiber with a
+      given exception. The initial use case is to interrupt a fiber that is
+      waiting on a blocking IO operation when the IO operation is closed.
+      [[Feature #21166]]
+
+    * Introduce `Fiber::Scheduler#yield` to allow the fiber scheduler to
+      continue processing when signal exceptions are disabled.
+      [[Bug #21633]]
+
+    * Reintroduce the `Fiber::Scheduler#io_close` hook for asynchronous `IO#close`.
+
+    * Invoke `Fiber::Scheduler#io_write` when flushing the IO write buffer.
+      [[Bug #21789]]
+
+* File
+
+    * `File::Stat#birthtime` is now available on Linux via the statx
+      system call when supported by the kernel and filesystem.
+      [[Feature #21205]]
+
+* IO
+
+    * `IO.select` accepts `Float::INFINITY` as a timeout argument.
+      [[Feature #20610]]
+
+    * A deprecated behavior, process creation by `IO` class methods
+      with a leading `|`, was removed.  [[Feature #19630]]
+
+* Kernel
+
+    * `Kernel#inspect` now checks for the existence of a `#instance_variables_to_inspect` method,
+      allowing control over which instance variables are displayed in the `#inspect` string:
+
+        ```ruby
+        class DatabaseConfig
+          def initialize(host, user, password)
+            @host = host
+            @user = user
+            @password = password
+          end
+
+          private def instance_variables_to_inspect = [:@host, :@user]
+        end
+
+        conf = DatabaseConfig.new("localhost", "root", "hunter2")
+        conf.inspect #=> #<DatabaseConfig:0x0000000104def350 @host="localhost", @user="root">
+        ```
+
+        [[Feature #21219]]
+
+    * A deprecated behavior, process creation by `Kernel#open` with a
+      leading `|`, was removed.  [[Feature #19630]]
+
+* Math
+
+    * `Math.log1p` and `Math.expm1` are added. [[Feature #21527]]
+
+* Pathname
+
+    * Pathname has been promoted from a default gem to a core class of Ruby.
+      [[Feature #17473]]
+
+* Proc
+
+    * `Proc#parameters` now shows anonymous optional parameters as `[:opt]`
+      instead of `[:opt, nil]`, making the output consistent with when the
+      anonymous parameter is required. [[Bug #20974]]
+
+* Ractor
+
+    * `Ractor::Port` class was added for a new synchronization mechanism
+      to communicate between Ractors. [[Feature #21262]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        port1 = Ractor::Port.new
+        port2 = Ractor::Port.new
+        Ractor.new port1, port2 do |port1, port2|
+          port1 << 1
+          port2 << 11
+          port1 << 2
+          port2 << 12
+        end
+        2.times{ p port1.receive } #=> 1, 2
+        2.times{ p port2.receive } #=> 11, 12
+        ```
+
+        `Ractor::Port` provides the following methods:
+
+        * `Ractor::Port#receive`
+        * `Ractor::Port#send` (or `Ractor::Port#<<`)
+        * `Ractor::Port#close`
+        * `Ractor::Port#closed?`
+
+        As a result, `Ractor.yield` and `Ractor#take` were removed.
+
+    * `Ractor#join` and `Ractor#value` were added to wait for the
+      termination of a Ractor. These are similar to `Thread#join`
+      and `Thread#value`.
+
+    * `Ractor#monitor` and `Ractor#unmonitor` were added as low-level
+      interfaces used internally to implement `Ractor#join`.
+
+    * `Ractor.select` now only accepts Ractors and Ports. If Ractors are given,
+      it returns when a Ractor terminates.
+
+    * `Ractor#default_port` was added. Each `Ractor` has a default port,
+      which is used by `Ractor.send`, `Ractor.receive`.
+
+    * `Ractor#close_incoming` and `Ractor#close_outgoing` were removed.
+
+    * `Ractor.shareable_proc` and `Ractor.shareable_lambda` are introduced
+      to make shareable Proc or lambda.
+      [[Feature #21550]], [[Feature #21557]]
+
+* Range
+
+    * `Range#to_set` now performs size checks to prevent issues with
+      endless ranges. [[Bug #21654]]
+
+    * `Range#overlap?` now correctly handles infinite (unbounded) ranges.
+      [[Bug #21185]]
+
+    * `Range#max` behavior on beginless integer ranges has been fixed.
+      [[Bug #21174]] [[Bug #21175]]
+
+* Ruby
+
+    * A new toplevel module `Ruby` has been defined, which contains
+      Ruby-related constants. This module was reserved in Ruby 3.4
+      and is now officially defined. [[Feature #20884]]
+
+* Ruby::Box
+
+    * A new (experimental) feature to provide separation about definitions.
+      For the detail of "Ruby Box", see [doc/language/box.md](doc/language/box.md).
+      [[Feature #21311]] [[Misc #21385]]
+
+* Set
+
+    * `Set` is now a core class, instead of an autoloaded stdlib class.
+      [[Feature #21216]]
+
+    * `Set#inspect` now uses a simpler display, similar to literal arrays.
+      (e.g., `Set[1, 2, 3]` instead of `#<Set: {1, 2, 3}>`). [[Feature #21389]]
+
+    * Passing arguments to `Set#to_set` and `Enumerable#to_set` is now deprecated.
+      [[Feature #21390]]
+
+* Socket
+
+    * `Socket.tcp` & `TCPSocket.new` accepts an `open_timeout` keyword argument to specify
+      the timeout for the initial connection. [[Feature #21347]]
+    * When a user-specified timeout occurred in `TCPSocket.new`, either `Errno::ETIMEDOUT`
+      or `IO::TimeoutError` could previously be raised depending on the situation.
+      This behavior has been unified so that `IO::TimeoutError` is now consistently raised.
+      (Please note that, in `Socket.tcp`, there are still cases where `Errno::ETIMEDOUT`
+      may be raised in similar situations, and that in both cases `Errno::ETIMEDOUT` may be
+      raised when the timeout occurs at the OS level.)
+
+* String
+
+    * Update Unicode to Version 17.0.0 and Emoji Version 17.0.
+      [[Feature #19908]][[Feature #20724]][[Feature #21275]] (also applies to Regexp)
+
+    * `String#strip`, `strip!`, `lstrip`, `lstrip!`, `rstrip`, and `rstrip!`
+       are extended to accept `*selectors` arguments. [[Feature #21552]]
+
+* Thread
+
+    * Introduce support for `Thread#raise(cause:)` argument similar to
+      `Kernel#raise`. [[Feature #21360]]
+
+## Stdlib updates
+
+We only list stdlib changes that are notable feature changes.
+
+Other changes are listed in the following sections. We also listed release
+history from the previous bundled version that is Ruby 3.4.0 if it has GitHub
+releases.
+
+The following bundled gems are promoted from default gems.
+
+* ostruct 0.6.3
+  * 0.6.1 to [v0.6.2][ostruct-v0.6.2], [v0.6.3][ostruct-v0.6.3]
+* pstore 0.2.0
+  * 0.1.4 to [v0.2.0][pstore-v0.2.0]
+* benchmark 0.5.0
+  * 0.4.0 to [v0.4.1][benchmark-v0.4.1], [v0.5.0][benchmark-v0.5.0]
+* logger 1.7.0
+  * 1.6.4 to [v1.6.5][logger-v1.6.5], [v1.6.6][logger-v1.6.6], [v1.7.0][logger-v1.7.0]
+* rdoc 7.0.3
+  * 6.14.0 to [v6.14.1][rdoc-v6.14.1], [v6.14.2][rdoc-v6.14.2], [v6.15.0][rdoc-v6.15.0], [v6.15.1][rdoc-v6.15.1], [v6.16.0][rdoc-v6.16.0], [v6.16.1][rdoc-v6.16.1], [v6.17.0][rdoc-v6.17.0], [v7.0.0][rdoc-v7.0.0], [v7.0.1][rdoc-v7.0.1], [v7.0.2][rdoc-v7.0.2], [v7.0.3][rdoc-v7.0.3]
+* win32ole 1.9.2
+  * 1.9.1 to [v1.9.2][win32ole-v1.9.2]
+* irb 1.16.0
+  * 1.14.3 to [v1.15.0][irb-v1.15.0], [v1.15.1][irb-v1.15.1], [v1.15.2][irb-v1.15.2], [v1.15.3][irb-v1.15.3], [v1.16.0][irb-v1.16.0]
+* reline 0.6.3
+  * 0.6.0 to [v0.6.1][reline-v0.6.1], [v0.6.2][reline-v0.6.2], [v0.6.3][reline-v0.6.3]
+* readline 0.0.4
+* fiddle 1.1.8
+  * 1.1.6 to [v1.1.7][fiddle-v1.1.7], [v1.1.8][fiddle-v1.1.8]
+
+The following default gem is added.
+
+* win32-registry 0.1.2
+
+The following default gems are updated.
+
+* RubyGems 4.0.3
+* bundler 4.0.3
+* date 3.5.1
+  * 3.4.1 to [v3.5.0][date-v3.5.0], [v3.5.1][date-v3.5.1]
+* delegate 0.6.1
+  * 0.4.0 to [v0.5.0][delegate-v0.5.0], [v0.6.0][delegate-v0.6.0], [v0.6.1][delegate-v0.6.1]
+* digest 3.2.1
+  * 3.2.0 to [v3.2.1][digest-v3.2.1]
+* english 0.8.1
+  * 0.8.0 to [v0.8.1][english-v0.8.1]
+* erb 6.0.1
+  * 4.0.4 to [v5.1.2][erb-v5.1.2], [v5.1.3][erb-v5.1.3], [v6.0.0][erb-v6.0.0], [v6.0.1][erb-v6.0.1]
+* error_highlight 0.7.1
+* etc 1.4.6
+* fcntl 1.3.0
+  * 1.2.0 to [v1.3.0][fcntl-v1.3.0]
+* fileutils 1.8.0
+  * 1.7.3 to [v1.8.0][fileutils-v1.8.0]
+* forwardable 1.4.0
+  * 1.3.3 to [v1.4.0][forwardable-v1.4.0]
+* io-console 0.8.2
+  * 0.8.1 to [v0.8.2][io-console-v0.8.2]
+* io-nonblock 0.3.2
+* io-wait 0.4.0
+  * 0.3.2 to [v0.3.3][io-wait-v0.3.3], [v0.3.5.test1][io-wait-v0.3.5.test1], [v0.3.5][io-wait-v0.3.5], [v0.3.6][io-wait-v0.3.6], [v0.4.0][io-wait-v0.4.0]
+* ipaddr 1.2.8
+* json 2.18.0
+  * 2.9.1 to [v2.10.0][json-v2.10.0], [v2.10.1][json-v2.10.1], [v2.10.2][json-v2.10.2], [v2.11.0][json-v2.11.0], [v2.11.1][json-v2.11.1], [v2.11.2][json-v2.11.2], [v2.11.3][json-v2.11.3], [v2.12.0][json-v2.12.0], [v2.12.1][json-v2.12.1], [v2.12.2][json-v2.12.2], [v2.13.0][json-v2.13.0], [v2.13.1][json-v2.13.1], [v2.13.2][json-v2.13.2], [v2.14.0][json-v2.14.0], [v2.14.1][json-v2.14.1], [v2.15.0][json-v2.15.0], [v2.15.1][json-v2.15.1], [v2.15.2][json-v2.15.2], [v2.16.0][json-v2.16.0], [v2.17.0][json-v2.17.0], [v2.17.1][json-v2.17.1], [v2.18.0][json-v2.18.0]
+* net-http 0.9.1
+  * 0.6.0 to [v0.7.0][net-http-v0.7.0], [v0.8.0][net-http-v0.8.0], [v0.9.0][net-http-v0.9.0], [v0.9.1][net-http-v0.9.1]
+* openssl 4.0.0
+  * 3.3.1 to [v3.3.2][openssl-v3.3.2], [v4.0.0][openssl-v4.0.0]
+* optparse 0.8.1
+  * 0.6.0 to [v0.7.0][optparse-v0.7.0], [v0.8.0][optparse-v0.8.0], [v0.8.1][optparse-v0.8.1]
+* pp 0.6.3
+  * 0.6.2 to [v0.6.3][pp-v0.6.3]
+* prism 1.7.0
+  * 1.5.2 to [v1.6.0][prism-v1.6.0], [v1.7.0][prism-v1.7.0]
+* psych 5.3.1
+  * 5.2.2 to [v5.2.3][psych-v5.2.3], [v5.2.4][psych-v5.2.4], [v5.2.5][psych-v5.2.5], [v5.2.6][psych-v5.2.6], [v5.3.0][psych-v5.3.0], [v5.3.1][psych-v5.3.1]
+* resolv 0.7.0
+  * 0.6.2 to [v0.6.3][resolv-v0.6.3], [v0.7.0][resolv-v0.7.0]
+* stringio 3.2.0
+  * 3.1.2 to [v3.1.3][stringio-v3.1.3], [v3.1.4][stringio-v3.1.4], [v3.1.5][stringio-v3.1.5], [v3.1.6][stringio-v3.1.6], [v3.1.7][stringio-v3.1.7], [v3.1.8][stringio-v3.1.8], [v3.1.9][stringio-v3.1.9], [v3.2.0][stringio-v3.2.0]
+* strscan 3.1.6
+  * 3.1.2 to [v3.1.3][strscan-v3.1.3], [v3.1.4][strscan-v3.1.4], [v3.1.5][strscan-v3.1.5], [v3.1.6][strscan-v3.1.6]
+* time 0.4.2
+  * 0.4.1 to [v0.4.2][time-v0.4.2]
+* timeout 0.6.0
+  * 0.4.3 to [v0.4.4][timeout-v0.4.4], [v0.5.0][timeout-v0.5.0], [v0.6.0][timeout-v0.6.0]
+* uri 1.1.1
+  * 1.0.4 to [v1.1.0][uri-v1.1.0], [v1.1.1][uri-v1.1.1]
+* weakref 0.1.4
+  * 0.1.3 to [v0.1.4][weakref-v0.1.4]
+* zlib 3.2.2
+  * 3.2.1 to [v3.2.2][zlib-v3.2.2]
+
+The following bundled gems are updated.
+
+* minitest 6.0.0
+* power_assert 3.0.1
+  * 2.0.5 to [v3.0.0][power_assert-v3.0.0], [v3.0.1][power_assert-v3.0.1]
+* rake 13.3.1
+  * 13.2.1 to [v13.3.0][rake-v13.3.0], [v13.3.1][rake-v13.3.1]
+* test-unit 3.7.5
+  * 3.6.7 to [3.6.8][test-unit-3.6.8], [3.6.9][test-unit-3.6.9], [3.7.0][test-unit-3.7.0], [3.7.1][test-unit-3.7.1], [3.7.2][test-unit-3.7.2], [3.7.3][test-unit-3.7.3], [3.7.4][test-unit-3.7.4], [3.7.5][test-unit-3.7.5]
+* rexml 3.4.4
+* rss 0.3.2
+  * 0.3.1 to [0.3.2][rss-0.3.2]
+* net-ftp 0.3.9
+  * 0.3.8 to [v0.3.9][net-ftp-v0.3.9]
+* net-imap 0.6.2
+  * 0.5.8 to [v0.5.9][net-imap-v0.5.9], [v0.5.10][net-imap-v0.5.10], [v0.5.11][net-imap-v0.5.11], [v0.5.12][net-imap-v0.5.12], [v0.5.13][net-imap-v0.5.13], [v0.6.0][net-imap-v0.6.0], [v0.6.1][net-imap-v0.6.1], [v0.6.2][net-imap-v0.6.2]
+* net-smtp 0.5.1
+  * 0.5.0 to [v0.5.1][net-smtp-v0.5.1]
+* matrix 0.4.3
+  * 0.4.2 to [v0.4.3][matrix-v0.4.3]
+* prime 0.1.4
+  * 0.1.3 to [v0.1.4][prime-v0.1.4]
+* rbs 3.10.0
+  * 3.8.0 to [v3.8.1][rbs-v3.8.1], [v3.9.0.dev.1][rbs-v3.9.0.dev.1], [v3.9.0.pre.1][rbs-v3.9.0.pre.1], [v3.9.0.pre.2][rbs-v3.9.0.pre.2], [v3.9.0][rbs-v3.9.0], [v3.9.1][rbs-v3.9.1], [v3.9.2][rbs-v3.9.2], [v3.9.3][rbs-v3.9.3], [v3.9.4][rbs-v3.9.4], [v3.9.5][rbs-v3.9.5], [v3.10.0.pre.1][rbs-v3.10.0.pre.1], [v3.10.0.pre.2][rbs-v3.10.0.pre.2], [v3.10.0][rbs-v3.10.0]
+* typeprof 0.31.1
+* debug 1.11.1
+  * 1.11.0 to [v1.11.1][debug-v1.11.1]
+* base64 0.3.0
+  * 0.2.0 to [v0.3.0][base64-v0.3.0]
+* bigdecimal 4.0.1
+  * 3.1.8 to [v3.2.0][bigdecimal-v3.2.0], [v3.2.1][bigdecimal-v3.2.1], [v3.2.2][bigdecimal-v3.2.2], [v3.2.3][bigdecimal-v3.2.3], [v3.3.0][bigdecimal-v3.3.0], [v3.3.1][bigdecimal-v3.3.1], [v4.0.0][bigdecimal-v4.0.0], [v4.0.1][bigdecimal-v4.0.1]
+* drb 2.2.3
+  * 2.2.1 to [v2.2.3][drb-v2.2.3]
+* syslog 0.3.0
+  * 0.2.0 to [v0.3.0][syslog-v0.3.0]
+* csv 3.3.5
+  * 3.3.2 to [v3.3.3][csv-v3.3.3], [v3.3.4][csv-v3.3.4], [v3.3.5][csv-v3.3.5]
+* repl_type_completor 0.1.12
+
+### RubyGems and Bundler
+
+Ruby 4.0 bundled RubyGems and Bundler version 4. see the following links for details.
+
+* [Upgrading to RubyGems/Bundler 4 - RubyGems Blog](https://blog.rubygems.org/2025/12/03/upgrade-to-rubygems-bundler-4.html)
+* [4.0.0 Released - RubyGems Blog](https://blog.rubygems.org/2025/12/03/4.0.0-released.html)
+* [4.0.1 Released - RubyGems Blog](https://blog.rubygems.org/2025/12/09/4.0.1-released.html)
+* [4.0.2 Released - RubyGems Blog](https://blog.rubygems.org/2025/12/17/4.0.2-released.html)
+* [4.0.3 Released - RubyGems Blog](https://blog.rubygems.org/2025/12/23/4.0.3-released.html)
+
+## Supported platforms
+
+* Windows
+
+    * Dropped support for MSVC versions older than 14.0 (_MSC_VER 1900).
+      This means Visual Studio 2015 or later is now required.
+
+## Compatibility issues
+
+* The following methods were removed from Ractor due to the addition of `Ractor::Port`:
+
+    * `Ractor.yield`
+    * `Ractor#take`
+    * `Ractor#close_incoming`
+    * `Ractor#close_outgoing`
+
+    [[Feature #21262]]
+
+* `ObjectSpace._id2ref` is deprecated. [[Feature #15408]]
+
+* `Process::Status#&` and `Process::Status#>>` have been removed.
+  They were deprecated in Ruby 3.3. [[Bug #19868]]
+
+* `rb_path_check` has been removed. This function was used for
+  `$SAFE` path checking which was removed in Ruby 2.7,
+  and was already deprecated.
+  [[Feature #20971]]
+
+* A backtrace for `ArgumentError` of "wrong number of arguments" now
+  include the receiver's class or module name (e.g., in `Foo#bar`
+  instead of in `bar`). [[Bug #21698]]
+
+* Backtraces no longer display `internal` frames.
+  These methods now appear as if it is in the Ruby source file,
+  consistent with other C-implemented methods. [[Bug #20968]]
+
+  Before:
+  ```
+  ruby -e '[1].fetch_values(42)'
+  <internal:array>:211:in 'Array#fetch': index 42 outside of array bounds: -1...1 (IndexError)
+          from <internal:array>:211:in 'block in Array#fetch_values'
+          from <internal:array>:211:in 'Array#map!'
+          from <internal:array>:211:in 'Array#fetch_values'
+          from -e:1:in '<main>'
+  ```
+
+  After:
+  ```
+  $ ruby -e '[1].fetch_values(42)'
+  -e:1:in 'Array#fetch_values': index 42 outside of array bounds: -1...1 (IndexError)
+          from -e:1:in '<main>'
+  ```
+
+## Stdlib compatibility issues
+
+* CGI library is removed from the default gems. Now we only provide `cgi/escape` for
+  the following methods:
+
+    * `CGI.escape` and `CGI.unescape`
+    * `CGI.escapeHTML` and `CGI.unescapeHTML`
+    * `CGI.escapeURIComponent` and `CGI.unescapeURIComponent`
+    * `CGI.escapeElement` and `CGI.unescapeElement`
+
+    [[Feature #21258]]
+
+* With the move of `Set` from stdlib to core class, `set/sorted_set.rb` has
+  been removed, and `SortedSet` is no longer an autoloaded constant. Please
+  install the `sorted_set` gem and `require 'sorted_set'` to use `SortedSet`.
+  [[Feature #21287]]
+
+* Net::HTTP
+
+    * The default behavior of automatically setting the `Content-Type` header
+      to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` for requests with a body
+      (e.g., `POST`, `PUT`) when the header was not explicitly set has been
+      removed. If your application relied on this automatic default, your
+      requests will now be sent without a Content-Type header, potentially
+      breaking compatibility with certain servers.
+      [[GH-net-http #205]]
+
+## C API updates
+
+* IO
+
+    * `rb_thread_fd_close` is deprecated and now a no-op. If you need to expose
+      file descriptors from C extensions to Ruby code, create an `IO` instance
+      using `RUBY_IO_MODE_EXTERNAL` and use `rb_io_close(io)` to close it (this
+      also interrupts and waits for all pending operations on the `IO`
+      instance). Directly closing file descriptors does not interrupt pending
+      operations, and may lead to undefined behaviour. In other words, if two
+      `IO` objects share the same file descriptor, closing one does not affect
+      the other. [[Feature #18455]]
+
+* GVL
+
+    * `rb_thread_call_with_gvl` now works with or without the GVL.
+      This allows gems to avoid checking `ruby_thread_has_gvl_p`.
+      Please still be diligent about the GVL. [[Feature #20750]]
+
+* Set
+
+    * A C API for `Set` has been added. The following methods are supported:
+      [[Feature #21459]]
+
+        * `rb_set_foreach`
+        * `rb_set_new`
+        * `rb_set_new_capa`
+        * `rb_set_lookup`
+        * `rb_set_add`
+        * `rb_set_clear`
+        * `rb_set_delete`
+        * `rb_set_size`
+
+## Implementation improvements
+
+* `Class#new` (ex. `Object.new`) is faster in all cases, but especially when passing keyword arguments. This has also been integrated into YJIT and ZJIT. [[Feature #21254]]
+* GC heaps of different size pools now grow independently, reducing memory usage when only some pools contain long-lived objects
+* GC sweeping is faster on pages of large objects
+* "Generic ivar" objects (String, Array, `TypedData`, etc.) now use a new internal "fields" object for faster instance variable access
+* The GC avoids maintaining an internal `id2ref` table until it is first used, making `object_id` allocation and GC sweeping faster
+* `object_id` and `hash` are faster on Class and Module objects
+* Larger bignum Integers can remain embedded using variable width allocation
+* `Random`, `Enumerator::Product`, `Enumerator::Chain`, `Addrinfo`,
+  `StringScanner`, and some internal objects are now write-barrier protected,
+  which reduces GC overhead.
+
+### Ractor
+
+A lot of work has gone into making Ractors more stable, performant, and usable. These improvements bring Ractor implementation closer to leaving experimental status.
+
+* Performance improvements
+    * Frozen strings and the symbol table internally use a lock-free hash set [[Feature #21268]]
+    * Method cache lookups avoid locking in most cases
+    * Class (and generic ivar) instance variable access is faster and avoids locking
+    * CPU cache contention is avoided in object allocation by using a per-ractor counter
+    * CPU cache contention is avoided in xmalloc/xfree by using a thread-local counter
+    * `object_id` avoids locking in most cases
+* Bug fixes and stability
+    * Fixed possible deadlocks when combining Ractors and Threads
+    * Fixed issues with require and autoload in a Ractor
+    * Fixed encoding/transcoding issues across Ractors
+    * Fixed race conditions in GC operations and method invalidation
+    * Fixed issues with processes forking after starting a Ractor
+    * GC allocation counts are now accurate under Ractors
+    * Fixed TracePoints not working after GC [[Bug #19112]]
+
+## JIT
+
+* ZJIT
+    * Introduce an [experimental method-based JIT compiler](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/jit/zjit_md.html).
+      Where available, ZJIT can be enabled at runtime with the `--zjit` option or by calling `RubyVM::ZJIT.enable`.
+      When building Ruby, Rust 1.85.0 or later is required to include ZJIT support.
+    * As of Ruby 4.0.0, ZJIT is faster than the interpreter, but not yet as fast as YJIT.
+      We encourage experimentation with ZJIT, but advise against deploying it in production for now.
+    * Our goal is to make ZJIT faster than YJIT and production-ready in Ruby 4.1.
+* YJIT
+    * `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`
+        * `ratio_in_yjit` no longer works in the default build.
+          Use `--enable-yjit=stats` on `configure` to enable it on `--yjit-stats`.
+        * Add `invalidate_everything` to default stats, which is
+          incremented when every code is invalidated by TracePoint.
+    * Add `mem_size:` and `call_threshold:` options to `RubyVM::YJIT.enable`.
+* RJIT
+    * `--rjit` is removed. We will move the implementation of the third-party JIT API
+      to the [ruby/rjit](https://github.com/ruby/rjit) repository.
+
+[Feature #15408]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15408
+[Feature #17473]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17473
+[Feature #18455]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18455
+[Bug #19112]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19112
+[Feature #19630]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19630
+[Bug #19868]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19868
+[Feature #19908]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19908
+[Feature #20610]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20610
+[Feature #20724]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20724
+[Feature #20750]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20750
+[Feature #20884]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20884
+[Feature #20925]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20925
+[Bug #20968]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20968
+[Feature #20971]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20971
+[Bug #20974]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20974
+[Feature #21047]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21047
+[Bug #21049]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21049
+[Feature #21166]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21166
+[Bug #21174]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21174
+[Bug #21175]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21175
+[Bug #21185]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21185
+[Feature #21205]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21205
+[Feature #21216]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21216
+[Feature #21219]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21219
+[Feature #21254]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21254
+[Feature #21258]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21258
+[Feature #21268]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21268
+[Feature #21262]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21262
+[Feature #21275]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21275
+[Feature #21287]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21287
+[Feature #21311]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21311
+[Feature #21347]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21347
+[Feature #21360]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21360
+[Misc #21385]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21385
+[Feature #21389]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21389
+[Feature #21390]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21390
+[Feature #21459]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21459
+[Feature #21527]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21527
+[Feature #21543]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21543
+[Feature #21550]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21550
+[Feature #21552]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21552
+[Feature #21557]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21557
+[Bug #21633]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21633
+[Bug #21654]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21654
+[Feature #21678]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21678
+[Bug #21698]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21698
+[Feature #21701]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21701
+[Bug #21789]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21789
+[GH-net-http #205]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http/issues/205
+[ostruct-v0.6.2]: https://github.com/ruby/ostruct/releases/tag/v0.6.2
+[ostruct-v0.6.3]: https://github.com/ruby/ostruct/releases/tag/v0.6.3
+[pstore-v0.2.0]: https://github.com/ruby/pstore/releases/tag/v0.2.0
+[benchmark-v0.4.1]: https://github.com/ruby/benchmark/releases/tag/v0.4.1
+[benchmark-v0.5.0]: https://github.com/ruby/benchmark/releases/tag/v0.5.0
+[logger-v1.6.5]: https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases/tag/v1.6.5
+[logger-v1.6.6]: https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases/tag/v1.6.6
+[logger-v1.7.0]: https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases/tag/v1.7.0
+[rdoc-v6.14.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.14.1
+[rdoc-v6.14.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.14.2
+[rdoc-v6.15.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.15.0
+[rdoc-v6.15.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.15.1
+[rdoc-v6.16.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.16.0
+[rdoc-v6.16.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.16.1
+[rdoc-v6.17.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v6.17.0
+[rdoc-v7.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.0.0
+[rdoc-v7.0.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.0.1
+[rdoc-v7.0.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.0.2
+[rdoc-v7.0.3]: https://github.com/ruby/rdoc/releases/tag/v7.0.3
+[win32ole-v1.9.2]: https://github.com/ruby/win32ole/releases/tag/v1.9.2
+[irb-v1.15.0]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.15.0
+[irb-v1.15.1]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.15.1
+[irb-v1.15.2]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.15.2
+[irb-v1.15.3]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.15.3
+[irb-v1.16.0]: https://github.com/ruby/irb/releases/tag/v1.16.0
+[reline-v0.6.1]: https://github.com/ruby/reline/releases/tag/v0.6.1
+[reline-v0.6.2]: https://github.com/ruby/reline/releases/tag/v0.6.2
+[reline-v0.6.3]: https://github.com/ruby/reline/releases/tag/v0.6.3
+[fiddle-v1.1.7]: https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/releases/tag/v1.1.7
+[fiddle-v1.1.8]: https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/releases/tag/v1.1.8
+[date-v3.5.0]: https://github.com/ruby/date/releases/tag/v3.5.0
+[date-v3.5.1]: https://github.com/ruby/date/releases/tag/v3.5.1
+[delegate-v0.5.0]: https://github.com/ruby/delegate/releases/tag/v0.5.0
+[delegate-v0.6.0]: https://github.com/ruby/delegate/releases/tag/v0.6.0
+[delegate-v0.6.1]: https://github.com/ruby/delegate/releases/tag/v0.6.1
+[digest-v3.2.1]: https://github.com/ruby/digest/releases/tag/v3.2.1
+[english-v0.8.1]: https://github.com/ruby/english/releases/tag/v0.8.1
+[erb-v5.1.2]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v5.1.2
+[erb-v5.1.3]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v5.1.3
+[erb-v6.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.0
+[erb-v6.0.1]: https://github.com/ruby/erb/releases/tag/v6.0.1
+[fcntl-v1.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/fcntl/releases/tag/v1.3.0
+[fileutils-v1.8.0]: https://github.com/ruby/fileutils/releases/tag/v1.8.0
+[forwardable-v1.4.0]: https://github.com/ruby/forwardable/releases/tag/v1.4.0
+[io-console-v0.8.2]: https://github.com/ruby/io-console/releases/tag/v0.8.2
+[io-wait-v0.3.3]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait/releases/tag/v0.3.3
+[io-wait-v0.3.5.test1]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait/releases/tag/v0.3.5.test1
+[io-wait-v0.3.5]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait/releases/tag/v0.3.5
+[io-wait-v0.3.6]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait/releases/tag/v0.3.6
+[io-wait-v0.4.0]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait/releases/tag/v0.4.0
+[json-v2.10.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.0
+[json-v2.10.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.1
+[json-v2.10.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2
+[json-v2.11.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.11.0
+[json-v2.11.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.11.1
+[json-v2.11.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.11.2
+[json-v2.11.3]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.11.3
+[json-v2.12.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.12.0
+[json-v2.12.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.12.1
+[json-v2.12.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.12.2
+[json-v2.13.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.13.0
+[json-v2.13.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.13.1
+[json-v2.13.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.13.2
+[json-v2.14.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.14.0
+[json-v2.14.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.14.1
+[json-v2.15.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.15.0
+[json-v2.15.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.15.1
+[json-v2.15.2]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.15.2
+[json-v2.16.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.16.0
+[json-v2.17.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.17.0
+[json-v2.17.1]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.17.1
+[json-v2.18.0]: https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.18.0
+[net-http-v0.7.0]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http/releases/tag/v0.7.0
+[net-http-v0.8.0]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http/releases/tag/v0.8.0
+[net-http-v0.9.0]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http/releases/tag/v0.9.0
+[net-http-v0.9.1]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http/releases/tag/v0.9.1
+[openssl-v3.3.2]: https://github.com/ruby/openssl/releases/tag/v3.3.2
+[openssl-v4.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/openssl/releases/tag/v4.0.0
+[optparse-v0.7.0]: https://github.com/ruby/optparse/releases/tag/v0.7.0
+[optparse-v0.8.0]: https://github.com/ruby/optparse/releases/tag/v0.8.0
+[optparse-v0.8.1]: https://github.com/ruby/optparse/releases/tag/v0.8.1
+[pp-v0.6.3]: https://github.com/ruby/pp/releases/tag/v0.6.3
+[prism-v1.6.0]: https://github.com/ruby/prism/releases/tag/v1.6.0
+[prism-v1.7.0]: https://github.com/ruby/prism/releases/tag/v1.7.0
+[psych-v5.2.3]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.2.3
+[psych-v5.2.4]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.2.4
+[psych-v5.2.5]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.2.5
+[psych-v5.2.6]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.2.6
+[psych-v5.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.3.0
+[psych-v5.3.1]: https://github.com/ruby/psych/releases/tag/v5.3.1
+[resolv-v0.6.3]: https://github.com/ruby/resolv/releases/tag/v0.6.3
+[resolv-v0.7.0]: https://github.com/ruby/resolv/releases/tag/v0.7.0
+[stringio-v3.1.3]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.3
+[stringio-v3.1.4]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.4
+[stringio-v3.1.5]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.5
+[stringio-v3.1.6]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.6
+[stringio-v3.1.7]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.7
+[stringio-v3.1.8]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.8
+[stringio-v3.1.9]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.1.9
+[stringio-v3.2.0]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio/releases/tag/v3.2.0
+[strscan-v3.1.3]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.3
+[strscan-v3.1.4]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.4
+[strscan-v3.1.5]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.5
+[strscan-v3.1.6]: https://github.com/ruby/strscan/releases/tag/v3.1.6
+[time-v0.4.2]: https://github.com/ruby/time/releases/tag/v0.4.2
+[timeout-v0.4.4]: https://github.com/ruby/timeout/releases/tag/v0.4.4
+[timeout-v0.5.0]: https://github.com/ruby/timeout/releases/tag/v0.5.0
+[timeout-v0.6.0]: https://github.com/ruby/timeout/releases/tag/v0.6.0
+[uri-v1.1.0]: https://github.com/ruby/uri/releases/tag/v1.1.0
+[uri-v1.1.1]: https://github.com/ruby/uri/releases/tag/v1.1.1
+[weakref-v0.1.4]: https://github.com/ruby/weakref/releases/tag/v0.1.4
+[zlib-v3.2.2]: https://github.com/ruby/zlib/releases/tag/v3.2.2
+[power_assert-v3.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/power_assert/releases/tag/v3.0.0
+[power_assert-v3.0.1]: https://github.com/ruby/power_assert/releases/tag/v3.0.1
+[rake-v13.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rake/releases/tag/v13.3.0
+[rake-v13.3.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rake/releases/tag/v13.3.1
+[test-unit-3.6.8]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.6.8
+[test-unit-3.6.9]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.6.9
+[test-unit-3.7.0]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.0
+[test-unit-3.7.1]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.1
+[test-unit-3.7.2]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.2
+[test-unit-3.7.3]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.3
+[test-unit-3.7.4]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.4
+[test-unit-3.7.5]: https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit/releases/tag/3.7.5
+[rss-0.3.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rss/releases/tag/0.3.2
+[net-ftp-v0.3.9]: https://github.com/ruby/net-ftp/releases/tag/v0.3.9
+[net-imap-v0.5.9]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.9
+[net-imap-v0.5.10]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.10
+[net-imap-v0.5.11]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.11
+[net-imap-v0.5.12]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.12
+[net-imap-v0.5.13]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.13
+[net-imap-v0.6.0]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.0
+[net-imap-v0.6.1]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.1
+[net-imap-v0.6.2]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.2
+[net-smtp-v0.5.1]: https://github.com/ruby/net-smtp/releases/tag/v0.5.1
+[matrix-v0.4.3]: https://github.com/ruby/matrix/releases/tag/v0.4.3
+[prime-v0.1.4]: https://github.com/ruby/prime/releases/tag/v0.1.4
+[rbs-v3.8.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.8.1
+[rbs-v3.9.0.dev.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.0.dev.1
+[rbs-v3.9.0.pre.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.0.pre.1
+[rbs-v3.9.0.pre.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.0.pre.2
+[rbs-v3.9.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.0
+[rbs-v3.9.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.1
+[rbs-v3.9.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.2
+[rbs-v3.9.3]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.3
+[rbs-v3.9.4]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.4
+[rbs-v3.9.5]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.9.5
+[rbs-v3.10.0.pre.1]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.0.pre.1
+[rbs-v3.10.0.pre.2]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.0.pre.2
+[rbs-v3.10.0]: https://github.com/ruby/rbs/releases/tag/v3.10.0
+[debug-v1.11.1]: https://github.com/ruby/debug/releases/tag/v1.11.1
+[base64-v0.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/base64/releases/tag/v0.3.0
+[bigdecimal-v3.2.0]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.2.0
+[bigdecimal-v3.2.1]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.2.1
+[bigdecimal-v3.2.2]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.2.2
+[bigdecimal-v3.2.3]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.2.3
+[bigdecimal-v3.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.3.0
+[bigdecimal-v3.3.1]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v3.3.1
+[bigdecimal-v4.0.0]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v4.0.0
+[bigdecimal-v4.0.1]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal/releases/tag/v4.0.1
+[drb-v2.2.3]: https://github.com/ruby/drb/releases/tag/v2.2.3
+[syslog-v0.3.0]: https://github.com/ruby/syslog/releases/tag/v0.3.0
+[csv-v3.3.3]: https://github.com/ruby/csv/releases/tag/v3.3.3
+[csv-v3.3.4]: https://github.com/ruby/csv/releases/tag/v3.3.4
+[csv-v3.3.5]: https://github.com/ruby/csv/releases/tag/v3.3.5
diff --git a/doc/_regexp.rdoc b/doc/_regexp.rdoc
index 468827da15..4ad6118ddd 100644
--- a/doc/_regexp.rdoc
+++ b/doc/_regexp.rdoc
@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@ A regexp may be used:
     re.match('good')        # => nil
 
   See sections {Method match}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Method+match]
-  and {Operator =~}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Operator+-3D~].
+  and {Operator =~}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Operator-].
 
 - To determine whether a string matches a given pattern:
 
     re.match?('food') # => true
     re.match?('good') # => false
 
-  See section {Method match?}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Method+match-3F].
+  See section {Method match?}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Method+match].
 
 - As an argument for calls to certain methods in other classes and modules;
   most such methods accept an argument that may be either a string
   or the (much more powerful) regexp.
 
-  See {Regexp Methods}[rdoc-ref:regexp/methods.rdoc].
+  See {Regexp Methods}[rdoc-ref:language/regexp/methods.rdoc].
 
 == \Regexp Objects
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ A regular expression may be created with:
     /foo/ # => /foo/
 
 - A <tt>%r</tt> regexp literal
-  (see {%r: Regexp Literals}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@25r-3A+Regexp+Literals]):
+  (see {%r: Regexp Literals}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@r-regexp+literals]):
 
     # Same delimiter character at beginning and end;
     # useful for avoiding escaping characters
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ none sets {global variables}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables]:
 Certain regexp-oriented methods assign values to global variables:
 
 - <tt>#match</tt>: see {Method match}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Method+match].
-- <tt>#=~</tt>: see {Operator =~}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Operator+-3D~].
+- <tt>#=~</tt>: see {Operator =~}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Operator-].
 
 The affected global variables are:
 
@@ -414,21 +414,21 @@ Each of these anchors matches a boundary:
 
 Lookahead anchors:
 
-- <tt>(?=_pat_)</tt>: Positive lookahead assertion:
+- <tt>(?=pat)</tt>: Positive lookahead assertion:
   ensures that the following characters match _pat_,
   but doesn't include those characters in the matched substring.
 
-- <tt>(?!_pat_)</tt>: Negative lookahead assertion:
+- <tt>(?!pat)</tt>: Negative lookahead assertion:
   ensures that the following characters <i>do not</i> match _pat_,
   but doesn't include those characters in the matched substring.
 
 Lookbehind anchors:
 
-- <tt>(?<=_pat_)</tt>: Positive lookbehind assertion:
+- <tt>(?<=pat)</tt>: Positive lookbehind assertion:
   ensures that the preceding characters match _pat_, but
   doesn't include those characters in the matched substring.
 
-- <tt>(?<!_pat_)</tt>: Negative lookbehind assertion:
+- <tt>(?<!pat)</tt>: Negative lookbehind assertion:
   ensures that the preceding characters do not match
   _pat_, but doesn't include those characters in the matched substring.
 
@@ -439,6 +439,10 @@ without including the tags in the match:
   /(?<=<b>)\w+(?=<\/b>)/.match("Fortune favors the <b>bold</b>.")
   # => #<MatchData "bold">
 
+The pattern in lookbehind must be fixed-width.
+But top-level alternatives can be of various lengths.
+ex. (?<=a|bc) is OK. (?<=aaa(?:b|cd)) is not allowed.
+
 ==== Match-Reset Anchor
 
 - <tt>\K</tt>: Match reset:
@@ -498,7 +502,7 @@ An added _quantifier_ specifies how many matches are required or allowed:
     /\w*/.match('x')
     # => #<MatchData "x">
     /\w*/.match('xyz')
-    # => #<MatchData "yz">
+    # => #<MatchData "xyz">
 
 - <tt>+</tt> - Matches one or more times:
 
@@ -557,9 +561,9 @@ Quantifier matching may be greedy, lazy, or possessive:
 More:
 
 - About greedy and lazy matching, see
-  {Choosing Minimal or Maximal Repetition}[https://doc.lagout.org/programmation/Regular%20Expressions/Regular%20Expressions%20Cookbook_%20Detailed%20Solutions%20in%20Eight%20Programming%20Languages%20%282nd%20ed.%29%20%5BGoyvaerts%20%26%20Levithan%202012-09-06%5D.pdf#tutorial-backtrack].
+  {Choosing Minimal or Maximal Repetition}[https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9780596802837/ch02s13.html].
 - About possessive matching, see
-  {Eliminate Needless Backtracking}[https://doc.lagout.org/programmation/Regular%20Expressions/Regular%20Expressions%20Cookbook_%20Detailed%20Solutions%20in%20Eight%20Programming%20Languages%20%282nd%20ed.%29%20%5BGoyvaerts%20%26%20Levithan%202012-09-06%5D.pdf#tutorial-backtrack].
+  {Eliminate Needless Backtracking}[https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9780596802837/ch02s14.html].
 
 === Groups and Captures
 
@@ -570,7 +574,7 @@ A simple regexp has (at most) one match:
   re.match('1943-02-04').size # => 1
   re.match('foo')             # => nil
 
-Adding one or more pairs of parentheses, <tt>(_subexpression_)</tt>,
+Adding one or more pairs of parentheses, <tt>(subexpression)</tt>,
 defines _groups_, which may result in multiple matched substrings,
 called _captures_:
 
@@ -643,8 +647,8 @@ A regexp may contain any number of groups:
 
 - For a large number of groups:
 
-  - The ordinary <tt>\\_n_</tt> notation applies only for _n_ in range (1..9).
-  - The <tt>MatchData[_n_]</tt> notation applies for any non-negative _n_.
+  - The ordinary <tt>\\n</tt> notation applies only for _n_ in range (1..9).
+  - The <tt>MatchData[n]</tt> notation applies for any non-negative _n_.
 
 - <tt>\0</tt> is a special backreference, referring to the entire matched string;
   it may not be used within the regexp itself,
@@ -657,7 +661,7 @@ A regexp may contain any number of groups:
 
 As seen above, a capture can be referred to by its number.
 A capture can also have a name,
-prefixed as <tt>?<_name_></tt> or <tt>?'_name_'</tt>,
+prefixed as <tt>?<name></tt> or <tt>?'name'</tt>,
 and the name (symbolized) may be used as an index in <tt>MatchData[]</tt>:
 
   md = /\$(?<dollars>\d+)\.(?'cents'\d+)/.match("$3.67")
@@ -672,7 +676,7 @@ When a regexp contains a named capture, there are no unnamed captures:
   /\$(?<dollars>\d+)\.(\d+)/.match("$3.67")
   # => #<MatchData "$3.67" dollars:"3">
 
-A named group may be backreferenced as <tt>\k<_name_></tt>:
+A named group may be backreferenced as <tt>\k<name></tt>:
 
   /(?<vowel>[aeiou]).\k<vowel>.\k<vowel>/.match('ototomy')
   # => #<MatchData "ototo" vowel:"o">
@@ -709,7 +713,7 @@ Analysis:
 
 1. The leading subexpression <tt>"</tt> in the pattern matches the first character
    <tt>"</tt> in the target string.
-2. The next subexpression <tt>.*</tt> matches the next substring <tt>Quote“</tt>
+2. The next subexpression <tt>.*</tt> matches the next substring <tt>Quote"</tt>
    (including the trailing double-quote).
 3. Now there is nothing left in the target string to match
    the trailing subexpression <tt>"</tt> in the pattern;
@@ -728,10 +732,10 @@ see {Atomic Group}[https://www.regular-expressions.info/atomic.html].
 
 ==== Subexpression Calls
 
-As seen above, a backreference number (<tt>\\_n_</tt>) or name (<tt>\k<_name_></tt>)
+As seen above, a backreference number (<tt>\\n</tt>) or name (<tt>\k<name></tt>)
 gives access to a captured _substring_;
 the corresponding regexp _subexpression_ may also be accessed,
-via the number (<tt>\\g<i>n</i></tt>) or name (<tt>\g<_name_></tt>):
+via the number n (<tt>\\gn</tt>) or name (<tt>\g<name></tt>):
 
   /\A(?<paren>\(\g<paren>*\))*\z/.match('(())')
   # ^1
@@ -760,16 +764,16 @@ The pattern:
 9.  Matches the fourth character in the string, <tt>')'</tt>.
 10. Matches the end of the string.
 
-See {Subexpression calls}[https://learnbyexample.github.io/Ruby_Regexp/groupings-and-backreferences.html?highlight=subexpression#subexpression-calls].
+See {Subexpression calls}[https://learnbyexample.github.io/Ruby_Regexp/groupings-and-backreferences.html#subexpression-calls].
 
 ==== Conditionals
 
-The conditional construct takes the form <tt>(?(_cond_)_yes_|_no_)</tt>, where:
+The conditional construct takes the form <tt>(?(cond)yes|no)</tt>, where:
 
 - _cond_ may be a capture number or name.
 - The match to be applied is _yes_ if _cond_ is captured;
   otherwise the match to be applied is _no_.
-- If not needed, <tt>|_no_</tt> may be omitted.
+- If not needed, <tt>|no</tt> may be omitted.
 
 Examples:
 
@@ -798,7 +802,7 @@ The absence operator is a special group that matches anything which does _not_ m
 
 ==== Unicode Properties
 
-The <tt>/\p{_property_name_}/</tt> construct (with lowercase +p+)
+The <tt>/\p{property_name}/</tt> construct (with lowercase +p+)
 matches characters using a Unicode property name,
 much like a character class;
 property +Alpha+ specifies alphabetic characters:
@@ -817,7 +821,7 @@ Or by using <tt>\P</tt> (uppercase +P+):
   /\P{Alpha}/.match('1') # => #<MatchData "1">
   /\P{Alpha}/.match('a') # => nil
 
-See {Unicode Properties}[rdoc-ref:regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc]
+See {Unicode Properties}[rdoc-ref:language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc]
 for regexps based on the numerous properties.
 
 Some commonly-used properties correspond to POSIX bracket expressions:
@@ -926,7 +930,7 @@ Punctuation:
 - +C+, +Other+: +Cc+, +Cf+, +Cn+, +Co+, or +Cs+.
 - {Cc, Control}[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/category/Cc].
 - {Cf, Format}[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/category/Cf].
-- {Cn, Unassigned}[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/category/Cn].
+- {Cn, Unassigned}[http://zuga.net/articles/unicode/category/unassigned/].
 - {Co, Private_Use}[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/category/Co].
 - {Cs, Surrogate}[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/category/Cs].
 
@@ -1029,23 +1033,23 @@ See also {Extended Mode}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Extended+Mode].
 
 Each of these modifiers sets a mode for the regexp:
 
-- +i+: <tt>/_pattern_/i</tt> sets
+- +i+: <tt>/pattern/i</tt> sets
   {Case-Insensitive Mode}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Case-Insensitive+Mode].
-- +m+: <tt>/_pattern_/m</tt> sets
+- +m+: <tt>/pattern/m</tt> sets
   {Multiline Mode}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Multiline+Mode].
-- +x+: <tt>/_pattern_/x</tt> sets
+- +x+: <tt>/pattern/x</tt> sets
   {Extended Mode}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Extended+Mode].
-- +o+: <tt>/_pattern_/o</tt> sets
+- +o+: <tt>/pattern/o</tt> sets
   {Interpolation Mode}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Interpolation+Mode].
 
 Any, all, or none of these may be applied.
 
 Modifiers +i+, +m+, and +x+ may be applied to subexpressions:
 
-- <tt>(?_modifier_)</tt> turns the mode "on" for ensuing subexpressions
-- <tt>(?-_modifier_)</tt> turns the mode "off" for ensuing subexpressions
-- <tt>(?_modifier_:_subexp_)</tt> turns the mode "on" for _subexp_ within the group
-- <tt>(?-_modifier_:_subexp_)</tt> turns the mode "off" for _subexp_ within the group
+- <tt>(?modifier)</tt> turns the mode "on" for ensuing subexpressions
+- <tt>(?-modifier)</tt> turns the mode "off" for ensuing subexpressions
+- <tt>(?modifier:subexp)</tt> turns the mode "on" for _subexp_ within the group
+- <tt>(?-modifier:subexp)</tt> turns the mode "off" for _subexp_ within the group
 
 Example:
 
@@ -1124,6 +1128,13 @@ Regexp in extended mode:
   re = /#{pattern}/x
   re.match('MCMXLIII') # => #<MatchData "MCMXLIII" 1:"CM" 2:"XL" 3:"III">
 
+Comments in regexp literals cannot include unescaped terminator
+characters:
+
+  /
+    foo # the following slash \/ must be escaped
+  /x
+
 === Interpolation Mode
 
 Modifier +o+ means that the first time a literal regexp with interpolations
@@ -1162,22 +1173,22 @@ A regular expression containing non-US-ASCII characters
 is assumed to use the source encoding.
 This can be overridden with one of the following modifiers.
 
-- <tt>/_pat_/n</tt>: US-ASCII if only containing US-ASCII characters,
+- <tt>/pat/n</tt>: US-ASCII if only containing US-ASCII characters,
   otherwise ASCII-8BIT:
 
     /foo/n.encoding     # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
     /foo\xff/n.encoding # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>
     /foo\x7f/n.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
 
-- <tt>/_pat_/u</tt>: UTF-8
+- <tt>/pat/u</tt>: UTF-8
 
     /foo/u.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
 
-- <tt>/_pat_/e</tt>: EUC-JP
+- <tt>/pat/e</tt>: EUC-JP
 
     /foo/e.encoding # => #<Encoding:EUC-JP>
 
-- <tt>/_pat_/s</tt>: Windows-31J
+- <tt>/pat/s</tt>: Windows-31J
 
     /foo/s.encoding # => #<Encoding:Windows-31J>
 
@@ -1247,7 +1258,7 @@ the potential vulnerability arising from this is the {regular expression denial-
 
 \Regexp matching can apply an optimization to prevent ReDoS attacks.
 When the optimization is applied, matching time increases linearly (not polynomially or exponentially)
-in relation to the input size, and a ReDoS attach is not possible.
+in relation to the input size, and a ReDoS attack is not possible.
 
 This optimization is applied if the pattern meets these criteria:
 
@@ -1268,13 +1279,13 @@ because the optimization uses memoization (which may invoke large memory consump
 
 == References
 
-Read (online PDF books):
+Read:
 
-- {Mastering Regular Expressions}[https://ia902508.us.archive.org/10/items/allitebooks-02/Mastering%20Regular%20Expressions%2C%203rd%20Edition.pdf]
+- <i>Mastering Regular Expressions</i>
   by Jeffrey E.F. Friedl.
-- {Regular Expressions Cookbook}[https://doc.lagout.org/programmation/Regular%20Expressions/Regular%20Expressions%20Cookbook_%20Detailed%20Solutions%20in%20Eight%20Programming%20Languages%20%282nd%20ed.%29%20%5BGoyvaerts%20%26%20Levithan%202012-09-06%5D.pdf]
+- <i>Regular Expressions Cookbook</i>
   by Jan Goyvaerts & Steven Levithan.
 
-Explore, test (interactive online editor):
+Explore, test:
 
-- {Rubular}[https://rubular.com/].
+- {Rubular}[https://rubular.com/]: interactive online editor.
diff --git a/doc/_timezones.rdoc b/doc/_timezones.rdoc
index a2ac46584f..945654c163 100644
--- a/doc/_timezones.rdoc
+++ b/doc/_timezones.rdoc
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Certain +Time+ methods accept arguments that specify timezones:
 The value given with any of these must be one of the following
 (each detailed below):
 
-- {Hours/minutes offset}[rdoc-ref:Time@Hours-2FMinutes+Offsets].
+- {Hours/minutes offset}[rdoc-ref:Time@HoursMinutes+Offsets].
 - {Single-letter offset}[rdoc-ref:Time@Single-Letter+Offsets].
 - {Integer offset}[rdoc-ref:Time@Integer+Offsets].
 - {Timezone object}[rdoc-ref:Time@Timezone+Objects].
diff --git a/doc/case_mapping.rdoc b/doc/case_mapping.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 57c037b9d8..0000000000
--- a/doc/case_mapping.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-= Case Mapping
-
-Some string-oriented methods use case mapping.
-
-In String:
-
-- String#capitalize
-- String#capitalize!
-- String#casecmp
-- String#casecmp?
-- String#downcase
-- String#downcase!
-- String#swapcase
-- String#swapcase!
-- String#upcase
-- String#upcase!
-
-In Symbol:
-
-- Symbol#capitalize
-- Symbol#casecmp
-- Symbol#casecmp?
-- Symbol#downcase
-- Symbol#swapcase
-- Symbol#upcase
-
-== Default Case Mapping
-
-By default, all of these methods use full Unicode case mapping,
-which is suitable for most languages.
-See {Section 3.13 (Default Case Algorithms) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf].
-
-Non-ASCII case mapping and folding are supported for UTF-8,
-UTF-16BE/LE, UTF-32BE/LE, and ISO-8859-1~16 Strings/Symbols.
-
-Context-dependent case mapping as described in
-{Table 3-17 (Context Specification for Casing) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf]
-is currently not supported.
-
-In most cases, case conversions of a string have the same number of characters.
-There are exceptions (see also +:fold+ below):
-
-  s = "\u00DF" # => "ß"
-  s.upcase     # => "SS"
-  s = "\u0149" # => "ŉ"
-  s.upcase     # => "ʼN"
-
-Case mapping may also depend on locale (see also +:turkic+ below):
-
-  s = "\u0049"        # => "I"
-  s.downcase          # => "i" # Dot above.
-  s.downcase(:turkic) # => "ı" # No dot above.
-
-Case changes may not be reversible:
-
-  s = 'Hello World!' # => "Hello World!"
-  s.downcase         # => "hello world!"
-  s.downcase.upcase  # => "HELLO WORLD!" # Different from original s.
-
-Case changing methods may not maintain Unicode normalization.
-See String#unicode_normalize).
-
-== Options for Case Mapping
-
-Except for +casecmp+ and +casecmp?+,
-each of the case-mapping methods listed above
-accepts optional arguments, <tt>*options</tt>.
-
-The arguments may be:
-
-- +:ascii+ only.
-- +:fold+ only.
-- +:turkic+ or +:lithuanian+ or both.
-
-The options:
-
-- +:ascii+:
-  ASCII-only mapping:
-  uppercase letters ('A'..'Z') are mapped to lowercase letters ('a'..'z);
-  other characters are not changed
-
-    s = "Foo \u00D8 \u00F8 Bar" # => "Foo Ø ø Bar"
-    s.upcase                    # => "FOO Ø Ø BAR"
-    s.downcase                  # => "foo ø ø bar"
-    s.upcase(:ascii)            # => "FOO Ø ø BAR"
-    s.downcase(:ascii)          # => "foo Ø ø bar"
-
-- +:turkic+:
-  Full Unicode case mapping, adapted for the Turkic languages
-  that distinguish dotted and dotless I, for example Turkish and Azeri.
-
-    s = 'Türkiye'       # => "Türkiye"
-    s.upcase            # => "TÜRKIYE"
-    s.upcase(:turkic)   # => "TÜRKİYE" # Dot above.
-
-    s = 'TÜRKIYE'       # => "TÜRKIYE"
-    s.downcase          # => "türkiye"
-    s.downcase(:turkic) # => "türkıye" # No dot above.
-
-- +:lithuanian+:
-  Not yet implemented.
-
-- +:fold+ (available only for String#downcase, String#downcase!,
-  and Symbol#downcase):
-  Unicode case folding,
-  which is more far-reaching than Unicode case mapping.
-
-    s = "\u00DF"      # => "ß"
-    s.downcase        # => "ß"
-    s.downcase(:fold) # => "ss"
-    s.upcase          # => "SS"
-
-    s = "\uFB04"      # => "ﬄ"
-    s.downcase        # => "ﬄ"
-    s.upcase          # => "FFL"
-    s.downcase(:fold) # => "ffl"
diff --git a/doc/character_selectors.rdoc b/doc/character_selectors.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 47cf242be7..0000000000
--- a/doc/character_selectors.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-= Character Selectors
-
-== Character Selector
-
-A _character_ _selector_ is a string argument accepted by certain Ruby methods.
-Each of these instance methods accepts one or more character selectors:
-
-- String#tr(selector, replacements): returns a new string.
-- String#tr!(selector, replacements): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-- String#tr_s(selector, replacements): returns a new string.
-- String#tr_s!(selector, replacements): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-- String#count(*selectors): returns the count of the specified characters.
-- String#delete(*selectors): returns a new string.
-- String#delete!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-- String#squeeze(*selectors): returns a new string.
-- String#squeeze!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-
-A character selector identifies zero or more characters in +self+
-that are to be operands for the method.
-
-In this section, we illustrate using method String#delete(selector),
-which deletes the selected characters.
-
-In the simplest case, the characters selected are exactly those
-contained in the selector itself:
-
-  'abracadabra'.delete('a')   # => "brcdbr"
-  'abracadabra'.delete('ab')  # => "rcdr"
-  'abracadabra'.delete('abc') # => "rdr"
-  '0123456789'.delete('258')  # => "0134679"
-  '!@#$%&*()_+'.delete('+&#') # => "!@$%*()_"
-  'тест'.delete('т')          # => "ес"
-  'こんにちは'.delete('に')     # => "こんちは"
-
-Note that order and repetitions do not matter:
-
-  'abracadabra'.delete('dcab') # => "rr"
-  'abracadabra'.delete('aaaa') # => "brcdbr"
-
-In a character selector, these three characters get special treatment:
-
-- A leading caret (<tt>'^'</tt>) functions as a "not" operator
-  for the characters to its right:
-
-    'abracadabra'.delete('^bc') # => "bcb"
-    '0123456789'.delete('^852') # => "258"
-
-- A hyphen (<tt>'-'</tt>) between two other characters
-  defines a range of characters instead of a plain string of characters:
-
-    'abracadabra'.delete('a-d') # => "rr"
-    '0123456789'.delete('4-7')  # => "012389"
-    '!@#$%&*()_+'.delete(' -/') # => "@^_"
-
-    # May contain more than one range.
-    'abracadabra'.delete('a-cq-t') # => "d"
-
-    # Ranges may be mixed with plain characters.
-    '0123456789'.delete('67-950-23') # => "4"
-
-    # Ranges may be mixed with negations.
-    'abracadabra'.delete('^a-c') # => "abacaaba"
-
-- A backslash (<tt>'\'</tt>) acts as an escape for a caret, a hyphen,
-  or another backslash:
-
-    'abracadabra^'.delete('\^bc')   # => "araadara"
-    'abracadabra-'.delete('a\-d')   # => "brcbr"
-    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\r")   # => "hello\nworld"
-    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\\r")  # => "hello\r\nwold"
-    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\\\r") # => "hello\nworld"
-
-== Multiple Character Selectors
-
-These instance methods accept multiple character selectors:
-
-- String#count(*selectors): returns the count of the specified characters.
-- String#delete(*selectors): returns a new string.
-- String#delete!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-- String#squeeze(*selectors): returns a new string.
-- String#squeeze!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
-
-In effect, the given selectors are formed into a single selector
-consisting of only those characters common to _all_ of the given selectors.
-
-All forms of selectors may be used, including negations, ranges, and escapes.
-
-Each of these pairs of method calls is equivalent:
-
-  s.delete('abcde', 'dcbfg')
-  s.delete('bcd')
-
-  s.delete('^abc', '^def')
-  s.delete('^abcdef')
-
-  s.delete('a-e', 'c-g')
-  s.delete('cde')
diff --git a/doc/command_injection.rdoc b/doc/command_injection.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index ee33d4a04e..0000000000
--- a/doc/command_injection.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-= Command Injection
-
-Some Ruby core methods accept string data
-that includes text to be executed as a system command.
-
-They should not be called with unknown or unsanitized commands.
-
-These methods include:
-
-- Kernel.exec
-- Kernel.spawn
-- Kernel.system
-- {\`command` (backtick method)}[rdoc-ref:Kernel#`]
-  (also called by the expression <tt>%x[command]</tt>).
-- IO.popen (when called with other than <tt>"-"</tt>).
-
-Some methods execute a system command only if the given path name starts
-with a <tt>|</tt>:
-
-- Kernel.open(command).
-- IO.read(command).
-- IO.write(command).
-- IO.binread(command).
-- IO.binwrite(command).
-- IO.readlines(command).
-- IO.foreach(command).
-- URI.open(command).
-
-Note that some of these methods do not execute commands when called
-from subclass +File+:
-
-- File.read(path).
-- File.write(path).
-- File.binread(path).
-- File.binwrite(path).
-- File.readlines(path).
-- File.foreach(path).
diff --git a/doc/command_line/environment.md b/doc/command_line/environment.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f6d595f6c..0000000000
--- a/doc/command_line/environment.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-## Environment
-
-Certain command-line options affect the execution environment
-of the invoked Ruby program.
-
-### About the Examples
-
-The examples here use command-line option `-e`,
-which passes the Ruby code to be executed on the command line itself:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts "Hello, World."'
-```
-
-### Option `-C`
-
-The argument to option `-C` specifies a working directory
-for the invoked Ruby program;
-does not change the working directory for the current process:
-
-```console
-$ basename `pwd`
-ruby
-$ ruby -C lib -e 'puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)'
-lib
-$ basename `pwd`
-ruby
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### Option `-I`
-
-The argument to option `-I` specifies a directory
-to be added to the array in global variable `$LOAD_PATH`;
-the option may be given more than once:
-
-```console
-$ pushd /tmp
-$ ruby -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
-8
-$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
-10
-$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.take(2)'
-["/tmp/my_lib", "/tmp/some_lib"]
-$ popd
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### Option `-r`
-
-The argument to option `-r` specifies a library to be required
-before executing the Ruby program;
-the option may be given more than once:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
-nil
-nil
-$ ruby -r CSV -r JSON -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
-"constant"
-"constant"
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### Option `-0`
-
-Option `-0` defines the input record separator `$/`
-for the invoked Ruby program.
-
-The optional argument to the option must be octal digits,
-each in the range `0..7`;
-these digits are prefixed with digit `0` to form an octal value:
-
-- If no argument is given, the input record separator is `0x00`.
-- If the argument is `0`, the input record separator is `''`;
-  see {Special Line Separator Values}[rdoc-ref:IO@Special+Line+Separator+Values].
-- If the argument is in range `(1..0377)`,
-  it becomes the character value of the input record separator `$/`.
-- Otherwise, the input record separator is `nil`.
-
-Examples:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -0 -e 'p $/'
-"\x00"
-$ ruby -00 -e 'p $/'
-""
-$ ruby -012 -e 'p $/'
-"\n"
-$ ruby -015 -e 'p $/'
-"\r"
-$ ruby -0377 -e 'p $/'
-"\xFF"
-$ ruby -0400 -e 'p $/'
-nil
-```
-
-The option may not be separated from its argument by whitespace.
-
-### Option `-d`
-
-Some code in (or called by) the Ruby program may include statements or blocks
-conditioned by the global variable `$DEBUG` (e.g., `if $DEBUG`);
-these commonly write to `$stdout` or `$stderr`.
-
-The default value for `$DEBUG` is `false`;
-option `-d` (or `--debug`) sets it to `true`:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p $DEBUG'
-false
-$ ruby -d -e 'p $DEBUG'
-true
-```
-
-### Option '-w'
-
-Option `-w` (lowercase letter) is equivalent to option `-W1` (uppercase letter).
-
-### Option `-W`
-
-Any Ruby code can create a <i>warning message</i> by calling method Kernel#warn;
-methods in the Ruby core and standard libraries can also create warning messages.
-Such a message may be printed on `$stderr`
-(or not, depending on certain settings).
-
-Option `-W` helps determine whether a particular warning message
-will be written,
-by setting the initial value of global variable `$-W`:
-
-- `-W0`: Sets `$-W` to `0` (silent; no warnings).
-- `-W1`: Sets `$-W` to `1` (moderate verbosity).
-- `-W2`: Sets `$-W` to `2` (high verbosity).
-- `-W`: Same as `-W2` (high verbosity).
-- Option not given: Same as `-W1` (moderate verbosity).
-
-The value of `$-W`, in turn, determines which warning messages (if any)
-are to be printed to `$stdout` (see Kernel#warn):
-
-```console
-$ ruby -W1 -e 'p $foo'
-nil
-$ ruby -W2 -e 'p $foo'
--e:1: warning: global variable '$foo' not initialized
-nil
-```
-
-Ruby code may also define warnings for certain categories;
-these are the default settings for the defined categories:
-
-```ruby
-Warning[:experimental] # => true
-Warning[:deprecated]   # => false
-Warning[:performance]  # => false
-```
-
-They may also be set:
-
-```ruby
-Warning[:experimental] = false
-Warning[:deprecated]   = true
-Warning[:performance]  = true
-```
-
-You can suppress a category by prefixing `no-` to the category name:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -W:no-experimental -e 'p IO::Buffer.new'
-#<IO::Buffer>
-```
-
diff --git a/doc/contributing.md b/doc/contributing.md
deleted file mode 100644
index a6c63de9b2..0000000000
--- a/doc/contributing.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to Ruby
-
-This guide outlines ways to get started with contributing to Ruby:
-
-* [Reporting issues](contributing/reporting_issues.md): How to report issues, how to request features, and how backporting works
-* [Building Ruby](contributing/building_ruby.md): How to build Ruby on your local machine for development
-* [Testing Ruby](contributing/testing_ruby.md): How to test Ruby on your local machine once you've built it
-* [Making changes to Ruby](contributing/making_changes_to_ruby.md): How to submit pull requests
-  to change Ruby's documentation, code, test suite, or standard libraries
-* [Making changes to Ruby standard libraries](contributing/making_changes_to_stdlibs.md): How to build, test, and contribute to Ruby standard libraries
-* [Making changes to Ruby documentation](contributing/documentation_guide.md): How to make changes to Ruby documentation
-* [Benchmarking Ruby](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/tree/master/benchmark#make-benchmark): How to benchmark Ruby
diff --git a/doc/bug_triaging.rdoc b/doc/contributing/bug_triaging.rdoc
index 83fe88cabe..83fe88cabe 100644
--- a/doc/bug_triaging.rdoc
+++ b/doc/contributing/bug_triaging.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/contributing/building_ruby.md b/doc/contributing/building_ruby.md
index 5037c8a78e..a283a2f3db 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/building_ruby.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/building_ruby.md
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
     * [autoconf] - 2.67 or later
     * [gperf] - 3.1 or later
         * Usually unneeded; only if you edit some source files using gperf
-    * ruby - 3.0 or later
+    * ruby - 3.1 or later
         * We can upgrade this version to system ruby version of the latest
           Ubuntu LTS.
     * git - 2.32 or later
-        * Anterior versions may work; 2.32 or later will prevent build
+        * Earlier versions may work; 2.32 or later will prevent build
           errors in case your system `.gitconfig` uses `$HOME` paths.
 
 2. Install optional, recommended dependencies:
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ ruby
 ├── build           # Created in step 2 and populated in step 4
 │   ├── GNUmakefile # Generated by `../configure`
 │   ├── Makefile    # Generated by `../configure`
-│   ├── object.o    # Compiled object file, built my `make`
+│   ├── object.o    # Compiled object file, built by `make`
 │   └── ... other compiled `.o` object files
 │
 │ # Other interesting files:
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ cause build failures.
 ## Building on Windows
 
 The documentation for building on Windows can be found in [the separated
-file](../windows.md).
+file](../distribution/windows.md).
 
 ## More details
 
@@ -248,13 +248,37 @@ following make targets:
 * `make lldb-ruby`: Runs `test.rb` using Ruby in lldb
 * `make gdb-ruby`: Runs `test.rb` using Ruby in gdb
 
+For VS Code users, you can set up editor-based debugging experience by running:
+
+```shell
+cp -r misc/.vscode .vscode
+```
+
+This will add launch configurations for debugging Ruby itself by running `test.rb` with `lldb`.
+
+**Note**: if you build Ruby under the `./build` folder, you'll need to update `.vscode/launch.json`'s program entry accordingly to: `"${workspaceFolder}/build/ruby"`
+
 ### Compiling for Debugging
 
-You should configure Ruby without optimization and other flags that may
-interfere with debugging:
+You can compile Ruby with the `RUBY_DEBUG` macro to enable debugging on some
+features. One example is debugging object shapes in Ruby with
+`RubyVM::Shape.of(object)`.
+
+Additionally Ruby can be compiled to support the `RUBY_DEBUG` environment
+variable to enable debugging on some features. An example is using
+`RUBY_DEBUG=gc_stress` to debug GC-related issues.
+
+There is also support for the `RUBY_DEBUG_LOG` environment variable to log a
+lot of information about what the VM is doing, via the `USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG`
+macro.
+
+You should also configure Ruby without optimization and other flags that may
+interfere with debugging by changing the optimization flags.
+
+Bringing it all together:
 
 ```sh
-./configure --enable-debug-env optflags="-O0 -fno-omit-frame-pointer"
+./configure cppflags="-DRUBY_DEBUG=1 -DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1" --enable-debug-env optflags="-O0 -fno-omit-frame-pointer"
 ```
 
 ### Building with Address Sanitizer
@@ -283,9 +307,6 @@ RUBY_TEST_TIMEOUT_SCALE=5 SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT=600 make check
 
 Please note, however, the following caveats!
 
-* ASAN will not work properly on any currently released version of Ruby; the
-  necessary support is currently only present on Ruby's master branch (and the
-  whole test suite passes only as of commit [Revision 9d0a5148]).
 * Due to [Bug #20243], Clang generates code for threadlocal variables which
   doesn't work with M:N threading. Thus, it's necessary to disable M:N
   threading support at build time for now (with the `-DUSE_MN_THREADS=0`
diff --git a/doc/contributing/concurrency_guide.md b/doc/contributing/concurrency_guide.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fb58f7203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/contributing/concurrency_guide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Concurrency Guide
+
+This is a guide to thinking about concurrency in the cruby source code, whether that's contributing to Ruby
+by writing C or by contributing to one of the JITs. This does not touch on native extensions, only the core
+language. It will go over:
+
+* What needs synchronizing?
+* How to use the VM lock, and what you can and can't do when you've acquired this lock.
+* What you can and can't do when you've acquired other native locks.
+* The difference between the VM lock and the GVL.
+* What a VM barrier is and when to use it.
+* The lock ordering of some important locks.
+* How ruby interrupt handling works.
+* The timer thread and what it's responsible for.
+
+## What needs synchronizing?
+
+Before ractors, only one ruby thread could run at once. That didn't mean you could forget about concurrency issues, though. The timer thread
+is a native thread that interacts with other ruby threads and changes some VM internals, so if these changes can be done in parallel by both the timer
+thread and a ruby thread, they need to be synchronized.
+
+When you add ractors to the mix, it gets more complicated. However, ractors allow you to forget about synchronization for non-shareable objects because
+they aren't used across ractors. Only one ruby thread can touch the object at once. For shareable objects, they are deeply frozen so there isn't any
+mutation on the objects themselves. However, something like reading/writing constants across ractors does need to be synchronized. In this case, ruby threads need to
+see a consistent view of the VM. If publishing the update takes 2 steps or even two separate instructions, like in this case, synchronization is required.
+
+Most synchronization is to protect VM internals. These internals include structures for the thread scheduler on each ractor, the global ractor scheduler, the
+coordination between ruby threads and ractors, global tables (for `fstrings`, encodings, symbols and global vars), etc. Anything that can be mutated by a ractor
+that can also be read or mutated by another ractor at the same time requires proper synchronization.
+
+## The VM Lock
+
+There's only one VM lock and it is for critical sections that can only be entered by one ractor at a time.
+Without ractors, the VM lock is useless. It does not stop all ractors from running, as ractors can run
+without trying to acquire this lock. If you're updating global (shared) data between ractors and aren't using
+atomics, you need to use a lock and this is a convenient one to use. Unlike other locks, you can allocate ruby-managed
+memory with it held. When you take the VM lock, there are things you can and can't do during your critical section:
+
+You can (as long as no other locks are also held before the VM lock):
+
+* Create ruby objects, call `ruby_xmalloc`, etc.
+
+You can't:
+
+* Context switch to another ruby thread or ractor. This is important, as many things can cause ruby-level context switches including:
+
+    * Calling any ruby method through, for example, `rb_funcall`. If you execute ruby code, a context switch could happen.
+    This also applies to ruby methods defined in C, as they can be redefined in Ruby. Things that call ruby methods such as
+    `rb_obj_respond_to` are also disallowed.
+
+    * Calling `rb_raise`. This will call `initialize` on the new exception object. With the VM lock
+      held, nothing you call should be able to raise an exception. `NoMemoryError` is allowed, however.
+
+    * Calling `rb_nogvl` or a ruby-level mechanism that can context switch like `rb_mutex_lock`.
+
+    * Enter any blocking operation managed by ruby. This will context switch to another ruby thread using `rb_nogvl` or
+    something equivalent. A blocking operation is one that blocks the thread's progress, such as `sleep` or `IO#read`.
+
+Internally, the VM lock is the `vm->ractor.sync.lock`.
+
+You need to be on a ruby thread to take the VM lock. You also can't take it inside any functions that could be called during sweeping, as MMTK sweeps
+on another thread and you need a valid `ec` to grab the lock. For this same reason (among others), you can't take it from the timer thread either.
+
+## Other Locks
+
+All native locks that aren't the VM lock share a more strict set of rules for what's allowed during the critical section. By native locks, we mean
+anything that uses `rb_native_mutex_lock`. Some important locks include the `interrupt_lock`, the ractor scheduling lock (protects global scheduling data structures),
+the thread scheduling lock (local to each ractor, protects per-ractor scheduling data structures) and the ractor lock (local to each ractor, protects ractor data structures).
+
+When you acquire one of these locks,
+
+You can:
+
+* Allocate memory though non-ruby allocation such as raw `malloc` or the standard library. But be careful, some functions like `strdup` use
+ruby allocation through the use of macros!
+
+* Use `ccan` lists, as they don't allocate.
+
+* Do the usual things like set variables or struct fields, manipulate linked lists, signal condition variables etc.
+
+You can't:
+
+* Allocate ruby-managed memory. This includes creating ruby objects or using `ruby_xmalloc` or `st_insert`. The reason this
+is disallowed is if that allocation causes a GC, then all other ruby threads must join a VM barrier as soon as possible
+(when they next check interrupts or acquire the VM lock). This is so that no other ractors are running during GC. If a ruby thread
+is waiting (blocked) on this same native lock, it can't join the barrier and a deadlock occurs because the barrier will never finish.
+
+* Raise exceptions. You also can't use `EC_JUMP_TAG` if it jumps out of the critical section.
+
+* Context switch. See the `VM Lock` section for more info.
+
+## Difference Between VM Lock and GVL
+
+The VM Lock is a particular lock in the source code. There is only one VM Lock. The GVL, on the other hand, is more of a combination of locks.
+It is "acquired" when a ruby thread is about to run or is running. Since many ruby threads can run at the same time if they're in different ractors,
+there are many GVLs (1 per `SNT` + 1 for the main ractor). It can no longer be thought of as a "Global VM Lock" like it once was before ractors.
+
+## VM Barriers
+
+Sometimes, taking the VM Lock isn't enough and you need a guarantee that all ractors have stopped. This happens when running `GC`, for instance.
+To get a barrier, you take the VM Lock and call `rb_vm_barrier()`. For the duration that the VM lock is held, no other ractors will be running. It's not used
+often as taking a barrier slows ractor performance down considerably, but it's useful to know about and is sometimes the only solution.
+
+## Lock Orderings
+
+It's a good idea to not hold more than 2 locks at once on the same thread. Locking multiple locks can introduce deadlocks, so do it with care. When locking
+multiple locks at once, follow an ordering that is consistent across the program, otherwise you can introduce deadlocks. Here are the orderings of some important locks:
+
+* VM lock before ractor_sched_lock
+* thread_sched_lock before ractor_sched_lock
+* interrupt_lock before timer_th.waiting_lock
+* timer_th.waiting_lock before ractor_sched_lock
+
+These orderings are subject to change, so check the source if you're not sure. On top of this:
+
+* During each `ubf` (unblock) function, the VM lock can be taken around it in some circumstances. This happens during VM shutdown, for example.
+See the "Interrupt Handling" section for more details.
+
+## Ruby Interrupt Handling
+
+When the VM runs ruby code, ruby's threads intermittently check ruby-level interrupts. These software interrupts
+are for various things in ruby and they can be set by other ruby threads or the timer thread.
+
+* Ruby threads check when they should give up their timeslice. The native thread switches to another ruby thread when their time is up.
+* The timer thread sends a "trap" interrupt to the main thread if any ruby-level signal handlers are pending.
+* Ruby threads can have other ruby threads run tasks for them by sending them an interrupt. For instance, ractors send
+the main thread an interrupt when they need to `require` a file so that it's done on the main thread. They wait for the
+main thread's result.
+* During VM shutdown, a "terminate" interrupt is sent to all ractor main threads top stop them asap.
+* When calling `Thread#raise`, the caller sends an interrupt to that thread telling it which exception to raise.
+* Unlocking a mutex sends the next waiter (if any) an interrupt telling it to grab the lock.
+* Signalling or broadcasting on a condition variable tells the waiter(s) to wake up.
+
+This isn't a complete list.
+
+When sending an interrupt to a ruby thread, the ruby thread can be blocked. For example, it could be in the middle of a `TCPSocket#read` call. If so,
+the receiving thread's `ubf` (unblock function) gets called from the thread (ruby thread or timer thread) that sent the interrupt.
+Each ruby thread has a `ubf` that is set when it enters a blocking operation and is unset after returning from it. By default, this `ubf` function sends a
+`SIGVTALRM` to the receiving thread to try to unblock it from the kernel so it can check its interrupts. There are other `ubfs` that
+aren't associated with a syscall, such as when calling `Ractor#join` or `sleep`. All `ubfs` are called with the `interrupt_lock` held,
+so take that into account when using locks inside `ubfs`.
+
+Remember, `ubfs` can be called from the timer thread so you cannot assume an `ec` inside them. The `ec` (execution context) is only set on ruby threads.
+
+## The Timer Thread
+
+The timer thread has a few functions. They are:
+
+* Send interrupts to ruby threads that have run for their whole timeslice.
+* Wake up M:N ruby threads (threads in non-main ractors) blocked on IO or after a specified timeout. This
+uses `kqueue` or `epoll`, depending on the OS, to receive IO events on behalf of the threads.
+* Continue calling  the `SIGVTARLM` signal if a thread is still blocked on a syscall after the first `ubf` call.
+* Signal native threads (`SNT`) waiting on a ractor if there are ractors waiting in the global run queue.
+* Create more `SNT`s if some are blocked, like on IO or on `Ractor#join`.
diff --git a/doc/contributing/contributing.md b/doc/contributing/contributing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2ed00ab90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/contributing/contributing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Contributing to Ruby
+
+## Ruby Issues
+
+To report an issue in the Ruby core:
+
+* [Report issues](reporting_issues.md).
+
+## Ruby Core
+
+To contribute to the Ruby core functionality,
+you'll need initially to:
+
+* [Build Ruby](building_ruby.md) on your system.
+* [Test Ruby](testing_ruby.md), to make sure the build is correct.
+
+Then:
+
+* [Make changes to Ruby](making_changes_to_ruby.md).
+
+And possibly:
+
+* [Benchmark Ruby](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/tree/master/benchmark#make-benchmark).
+
+## Ruby Documentation
+
+To contribute to the Ruby core documentation, see:
+
+* [Making changes to the Ruby documentation](documentation_guide.md).
+
+## Ruby Standard Library
+
+To contribute to the Ruby Standard Library, see:
+
+* [Making changes to the Ruby Standard Library](making_changes_to_stdlibs.md).
diff --git a/doc/contributing/documentation_guide.md b/doc/contributing/documentation_guide.md
index deb17a793a..7c73ad1c50 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/documentation_guide.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/documentation_guide.md
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ in the Ruby core and in the Ruby standard library.
 
 ## Generating documentation
 
-Most Ruby documentation lives in the source files and is written in
-[RDoc format](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference).
+Most Ruby documentation lives in the source files, and is written in RDoc format
+(described in the [RDoc Markup Reference]).
 
 Some pages live under the `doc` folder and can be written in either
 `.rdoc` or `.md` format, determined by the file extension.
@@ -20,12 +20,19 @@ build directory:
 make html
 ```
 
+Or, to start a live-reloading server that automatically refreshes
+the browser when you edit source files:
+
+```sh
+make html-server
+```
+
+Then visit http://localhost:4000 in your browser.
+To use a different port: `make html-server RDOC_SERVER_PORT=8080`.
+
 If you don't have a build directory, follow the [quick start
 guide](building_ruby.md#label-Quick+start+guide) up to step 4.
 
-Then you can preview your changes by opening
-`{build folder}/.ext/html/index.html` file in your browser.
-
 ## Goal
 
 The goal of Ruby documentation is to impart the most important
@@ -43,15 +50,12 @@ Use your judgment about what the user needs to know.
 - Write short declarative or imperative sentences.
 - Group sentences into (ideally short) paragraphs,
   each covering a single topic.
-- Organize material with
-  [headings](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings).
-- Refer to authoritative and relevant sources using
-  [links](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Links).
+- Organize material with [headings].
+- Refer to authoritative and relevant sources using [links].
 - Use simple verb tenses: simple present, simple past, simple future.
 - Use simple sentence structure, not compound or complex structure.
 - Avoid:
-    - Excessive comma-separated phrases;
-      consider a [list](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Lists).
+    - Excessive comma-separated phrases; consider a [list][lists].
     - Idioms and culture-specific references.
     - Overuse of headings.
     - Using US-ASCII-incompatible characters in C source files;
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ Use your judgment about what the user needs to know.
 Use only US-ASCII-compatible characters in a C source file.
 (If you use other characters, the Ruby CI will gently let you know.)
 
-If want to put ASCII-incompatible characters into the documentation
+If you want to put ASCII-incompatible characters into the documentation
 for a C-coded class, module, or method, there are workarounds
 involving new files `doc/*.rdoc`:
 
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ involving new files `doc/*.rdoc`:
     class Foo; end
     ```
 
-- Similarly, for module `Bar` (defined in file `bar.c`,
+- Similarly, for module `Bar` (defined in file `bar.c`),
   create file `doc/bar.rdoc`, declare `module Bar; end`,
   and place the module documentation above that declaration:
 
@@ -106,16 +110,16 @@ involving new files `doc/*.rdoc`:
      */
     ```
 
-### \RDoc
+### RDoc
 
 Ruby is documented using RDoc.
-For information on \RDoc syntax and features, see the
-[RDoc Markup Reference](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference).
+For information on RDoc syntax and features,
+see the [RDoc Markup Reference].
 
 ### Output from `irb`
 
 For code examples, consider using interactive Ruby,
-[irb](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/irb/rdoc/IRB.html).
+[irb].
 
 For a code example that includes `irb` output,
 consider aligning `# => ...` in successive lines.
@@ -129,22 +133,20 @@ a             #=> [2, 3, 1]
 
 ### Headings
 
-Organize a long discussion for a class or module with [headings](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings).
+Organize a long discussion for a class or module with [headings].
 
 Do not use formal headings in the documentation for a method or constant.
 
 In the rare case where heading-like structures are needed
-within the documentation for a method or constant, use
-[bold text](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Bold)
-as pseudo-headings.
+within the documentation for a method or constant,
+use [bold text] as pseudo-headings.
 
 ### Blank Lines
 
 A blank line begins a new paragraph.
 
-A [code block](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Code+Blocks)
-or [list](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Lists)
-should be preceded by and followed by a blank line.
+A [code block][code blocks]
+or [list][lists] should be preceded by and followed by a blank line.
 This is unnecessary for the HTML output, but helps in the `ri` output.
 
 ### \Method Names
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ For a method name in text:
 
 Code or commands embedded in running text (i.e., not in a code block)
 should marked up as
-[monofont](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Monofont).
+[monofont].
 
 Code that is a simple string should include the quote marks.
 
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ renders as:
 > - File.new
 > - File#read.
 
-In general, \RDoc's auto-linking should not be suppressed.
+In general, RDoc's auto-linking should not be suppressed.
 For example, we should write just plain _Float_ (which is auto-linked):
 
 ```rdoc
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ refers to the current document
 (e.g., _Float_ in the documentation for class Float).
 
 In this case you may consider forcing the name to
-[monofont](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Monofont),
+[monofont],
 which suppresses auto-linking, and also emphasizes that the word is a class name:
 
 ```rdoc
@@ -267,16 +269,16 @@ and _never_ when referring to the class itself.
 
 When writing an explicit link, follow these guidelines.
 
-#### +rdoc-ref+ Scheme
+#### `rdoc-ref` Scheme
 
-Use the +rdoc-ref+ scheme for:
+Use the `rdoc-ref` scheme for:
 
 - A link in core documentation to other core documentation.
 - A link in core documentation to documentation in a standard library package.
 - A link in a standard library package to other documentation in that same
   standard library package.
 
-See section "+rdoc-ref+ Scheme" in {Links}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Links].
+See section "`rdoc-ref` Scheme" in [links].
 
 #### URL-Based Link
 
@@ -286,20 +288,44 @@ Use a full URL-based link for:
 - A link in standard library documentation to documentation in a different
   standard library package.
 
-Doing so ensures that the link will valid even when the package documentation
+Doing so ensures that the link will be valid even when the package documentation
 is built independently (separately from the core documentation).
 
 The link should lead to a target in https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/.
 
 Also use a full URL-based link for a link to an off-site document.
 
+#### Fragments
+
+In general, a link that includes a [fragment][fragment]
+must cite the exact identifier on the target page;
+otherwise, the browser finds no suitable identifier,
+and does not scroll to the desired part of the page.
+
+However, certain pages on `github.com` and `github.io`
+support "fuzzy" identifier matching, so that URL
+https://github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/wiki/Ruby-Talk-FAQ#-why-are-rubys-floats-imprecise,
+(whose fragment is `-why-are-rubys-floats-imprecise`)
+scrolls to heading "Why are ruby’s floats imprecise?"
+even though the identifier there actually is the longer
+`#user-content--why-are-rubys-floats-imprecise`.
+
+Ruby documentation should avoid using these shortened fragments, for two reasons:
+
+- The GitHub pages that do this implement it using Javascript;
+  if the user's browser has Javascript disabled
+  (which some employers actually require),
+  the shortened fragment is ineffective and the desired scrolling does not occur.
+- A program that checks links in Ruby documentation will find no suitable identifier,
+  and therefore will report the fragment as not found.
+
 ### Variable Names
 
 The name of a variable (as specified in its call-seq) should be marked up as
-[monofont](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Monofont).
+[monofont].
 
 Also, use monofont text for the name of a transient variable
-(i.e., one defined and used only in the discussion, such as +n+).
+(i.e., one defined and used only in the discussion, such as `n`).
 
 ### HTML Tags
 
@@ -314,13 +340,12 @@ In particular, avoid building tables with HTML tags
 
 Alternatives:
 
-- A {verbatim text block}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Verbatim+Text+Blocks],
+- A [verbatim text block][verbatim text blocks],
   using spaces and punctuation to format the text;
-  note that {text markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Text+Markup]
-  will not be honored:
+  note that [text markup][text markup] will not be honored:
 
     - Example {source}[https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/34d802f32f00df1ac0220b62f72605827c16bad8/file.c#L6570-L6596].
-    - Corresponding {output}[rdoc-ref:File@Read-2FWrite+Mode].
+    - Corresponding {output}[rdoc-ref:File@ReadWrite+Mode].
 
 - (Markdown format only): A {Github Flavored Markdown (GFM) table}[https://github.github.com/gfm/#tables-extension-],
   using special formatting for the text:
@@ -328,6 +353,16 @@ Alternatives:
     - Example {source}[https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/34d802f32f00df1ac0220b62f72605827c16bad8/doc/contributing/glossary.md?plain=1].
     - Corresponding {output}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing/glossary_md.html].
 
+### Languages in Examples
+
+For symbols and strings in documentation examples:
+
+- Prefer \English in \English documentation:  <tt>'Hello'</tt>.
+- Prefer Japanese in Japanese documentation:  <tt>'こんにちは'</tt>.
+- If a second language is needed (as, for example, characters with different byte-sizes),
+  prefer Japanese in \English documentation and \English in Japanese documentation.
+- Use other languages examples only as necessary:  see String#capitalize.
+
 ## Documenting Classes and Modules
 
 The general structure of the class or module documentation should be:
@@ -356,8 +391,7 @@ Guidelines:
 
 - The section title is `What's Here`.
 - Consider listing the parent class and any included modules; consider
-  [links](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Links)
-  to their "What's Here" sections if those exist.
+  [links] to their "What's Here" sections if those exist.
 - All methods mentioned in the left-pane table of contents
   should be listed (including any methods extended from another class).
 - Attributes (which are not included in the TOC) may also be listed.
@@ -367,9 +401,9 @@ Guidelines:
       and a short description.
     - If the method has aliases, mention them in parentheses before the colon
       (and do not list the aliases separately).
-    - Check the rendered documentation to determine whether \RDoc has recognized
+    - Check the rendered documentation to determine whether RDoc has recognized
       the method and linked to it;  if not, manually insert a
-      [link](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Links).
+      [link][links].
 
 - If there are numerous entries, consider grouping them into subsections with headings.
 - If there are more than a few such subsections,
@@ -391,11 +425,11 @@ The general structure of the method documentation should be:
 
 ### Calling Sequence (for methods written in C)
 
-For methods written in Ruby, \RDoc documents the calling sequence automatically.
+For methods written in Ruby, RDoc documents the calling sequence automatically.
 
-For methods written in C, \RDoc cannot determine what arguments
-the method accepts, so those need to be documented using \RDoc directive
-[`call-seq:`](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Directives+for+Method+Documentation).
+For methods written in C, RDoc cannot determine what arguments
+the method accepts, so those need to be documented using RDoc directive
+[`call-seq:`][call-seq]
 
 For a singleton method, use the form:
 
@@ -484,10 +518,10 @@ Return types:
 
 - If the method can return multiple different types,
   separate the types with "or" and, if necessary, commas.
-- If the method can return multiple types, use +object+.
-- If the method returns the receiver, use +self+.
+- If the method can return multiple types, use `object`.
+- If the method returns the receiver, use `self`.
 - If the method returns an object of the same class,
-  prefix `new_` if an only if the object is not  +self+;
+  prefix `new_` if and only if the object is not `self`;
   example: `new_array`.
 
 Aliases:
@@ -570,7 +604,7 @@ argument passed if it is not obvious, not explicitly mentioned in the
 details, and not implicitly shown in the examples.
 
 If there is more than one argument or block argument, use a
-[labeled list](rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Labeled+Lists).
+[labeled list][lists].
 
 ### Corner Cases and Exceptions
 
@@ -591,7 +625,7 @@ mention `Hash#fetch` as a related method, and `Hash#merge` might mention
 `Hash#merge!` as a related method.
 
 - Consider which methods may be related
-  to the current method, and if you think the reader would benefit it,
+  to the current method, and if you think the reader would benefit from it,
   at the end of the method documentation, add a line starting with
   "Related: " (e.g. "Related: #fetch.").
 - Don't list more than three related methods.
@@ -600,7 +634,7 @@ mention `Hash#fetch` as a related method, and `Hash#merge` might mention
 - Consider adding:
 
     - A phrase suggesting how the related method is similar to,
-      or different from,the current method.
+      or different from, the current method.
       See an example at Time#getutc.
     - Example code that illustrates the similarities and differences.
       See examples at Time#ctime, Time#inspect, Time#to_s.
@@ -610,3 +644,16 @@ mention `Hash#fetch` as a related method, and `Hash#merge` might mention
 For methods that accept multiple argument types, in some cases it can
 be useful to document the different argument types separately.  It's
 best to use a separate paragraph for each case you are discussing.
+
+[bold text]:             https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#bold
+[call-seq]:              https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#directive-for-specifying-rdoc-source-format
+[code blocks]:           https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#code-blocks
+[fragment]:              https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/URI/Reference/Fragment
+[headings]:              https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#headings
+[irb]:                   https://ruby.github.io/irb/index.html
+[links]:                 https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#links
+[lists]:                 https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#lists
+[monofont]:              https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#monofont
+[RDoc Markup Reference]: https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html
+[text markup]:           https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#text-markup
+[verbatim text blocks]:  https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/doc/markup_reference/rdoc_rdoc.html#verbatim-text-blocks
diff --git a/doc/dtrace_probes.rdoc b/doc/contributing/dtrace_probes.rdoc
index 1b20597ab4..1b20597ab4 100644
--- a/doc/dtrace_probes.rdoc
+++ b/doc/contributing/dtrace_probes.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/contributing/glossary.md b/doc/contributing/glossary.md
index 86c6671fbd..3ec9796147 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/glossary.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/glossary.md
@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@ Just a list of acronyms I've run across in the Ruby source code and their meanin
 
 | Term | Definition |
 | ---  | -----------|
+| `bmethod` | Method defined by `define_method() {}` (a Block that runs as a Method). |
 | `BIN` | Basic Instruction Name. Used as a macro to reference the YARV instruction. Converts pop into YARVINSN_pop. |
 | `bop` | Basic Operator. Relates to methods like `Integer` plus and minus which can be optimized as long as they haven't been redefined. |
 | `cc` | Call Cache.  An inline cache structure for the call site. Stored in the `cd` |
 | `cd` | Call Data. A data structure that points at the `ci` and the `cc`.  `iseq` objects points at the `cd`, and access call information and call caches via this structure |
+| CFG | Control Flow Graph. Representation of the program where all control-flow and data dependencies have been made explicit by unrolling the stack and local variables. |
 | `cfp`| Control Frame Pointer. Represents a Ruby stack frame.  Calling a method pushes a new frame (cfp), returning pops a frame. Points at  the `pc`, `sp`, `ep`, and the corresponding `iseq`|
-| `ci` | Call Information.  Refers to an `rb_callinfo` struct. Contains call information about the call site, including number of parameters to be passed, whether it they are keyword arguments or not, etc. Used in conjunction with the `cc` and `cd`. |
+| `ci` | Call Information.  Refers to an `rb_callinfo` struct. Contains call information about the call site, including number of parameters to be passed, whether they are keyword arguments or not, etc. Used in conjunction with the `cc` and `cd`. |
+| `cme` | Callable Method Entry. Refers to the `rb_callable_method_entry_t` struct, the internal representation of a Ruby method that has `defined_class` and `owner` set and is ready for dispatch. |
 | `cref` | Class reference. A structure pointing to the class reference where `klass_or_self`, visibility scope, and refinements are stored. It also stores a pointer to the next class in the hierarchy referenced by `rb_cref_struct * next`. The Class reference is lexically scoped. |
-| CRuby | Implementation of Ruby written in C |
+| CRuby | Reference implementation of Ruby written in C |
 | `cvar` | Class Variable. Refers to a Ruby class variable like `@@foo` |
 | `dvar` | Dynamic Variable. Used by the parser to refer to local variables that are defined outside of the current lexical scope. For example `def foo; bar = 1; -> { p bar }; end` the "bar" inside the block is a `dvar` |
 | `ec` | Execution Context. The top level VM context, points at the current `cfp` |
@@ -25,16 +28,20 @@ Just a list of acronyms I've run across in the Ruby source code and their meanin
 | `insns` | Instructions. Usually an array of YARV instructions. |
 | `ivar` | Instance Variable. Refers to a Ruby instance variable like `@foo` |
 | `imemo` | Internal Memo.  A tagged struct whose memory is managed by Ruby's GC, but contains internal information and isn't meant to be exposed to Ruby programs. Contains various information depending on the type.  See the `imemo_type` enum for different types. |
+| `IVC` | Instance Variable Cache. Cache specifically for instance variable access |
 | JIT | Just In Time compiler |
 | `lep` | Local Environment Pointer. An `ep` which is tagged `VM_ENV_FLAG_LOCAL`. Usually this is the `ep` of a method (rather than a block, whose `ep` isn't "local") |
 | `local` | Local. Refers to a local variable. |
-| `me` | Method Entry. Refers to an `rb_method_entry_t` struct, the internal representation of a Ruby method.
+| `me` | Method Entry. Refers to an `rb_method_entry_t` struct, the internal representation of a Ruby method. |
 | MRI | Matz's Ruby Implementation |
 | `pc` | Program Counter. Usually the instruction that will be executed _next_ by the VM. Pointed to by the `cfp` and incremented by the VM |
+| `snt` | Shared Native Thread. OS thread on which many ruby threads can run. Ruby threads from different ractors can even run on the same SNT. Ruby threads can switch SNTs when they context switch. SNTs are used in the M:N threading model. By default, non-main ractors use this model.
+| `dnt` | Dedicated Native Thread. OS thread on which only one ruby thread can run. The ruby thread always runs on that same OS thread. DNTs are used in the 1:1 threading model. By default, the main ractor uses this model.
 | `sp` | Stack Pointer. The top of the stack. The VM executes instructions in the `iseq` and instructions will push and pop values on the stack. The VM updates the `sp` on the `cfp` to point at the top of the stack|
+| ST table | ST table is the main C implementation of a hash (smaller Ruby hashes may be backed by AR tables). |
 | `svar` | Special Variable. Refers to special local variables like `$~` and `$_`. See the `getspecial` instruction in `insns.def` |
 | `VALUE` | VALUE is a pointer to a ruby object from the Ruby C code. |
-| VM   | Virtual Machine. In MRI's case YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM)
+| VM | Virtual Machine. In MRI's case YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM)
 | WB | Write Barrier.  To do with GC write barriers |
 | WC | Wild Card. As seen in instructions like `getlocal_WC_0`.  It means this instruction takes a "wild card" for the parameter (in this case an index for a local) |
 | YARV | Yet Another Ruby VM.  The virtual machine that CRuby uses |
diff --git a/doc/contributing/making_changes_to_stdlibs.md b/doc/contributing/making_changes_to_stdlibs.md
index 721ba84289..2ceb2e6075 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/making_changes_to_stdlibs.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/making_changes_to_stdlibs.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Everything in the [lib](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/tree/master/lib) directory
 If you'd like to make contributions to standard libraries, do so in the standalone repositories, and the
 changes will be automatically mirrored into the Ruby repository.
 
-For example, CSV lives in [a separate repository](https://github.com/ruby/csv) and is mirrored into [Ruby](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/tree/master/lib/csv).
+For example, ERB lives in [a separate repository](https://github.com/ruby/erb) and is mirrored into [Ruby](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/tree/master/lib/erb).
 
 ## Maintainers
 
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ bundle exec rake test TEST="test/test_foo.rb"
 To run a single test case:
 
 ```shell
-bundle exec rake test TEST="test/test_foo.rb" TESTOPS="--name=/test_mytest/"
+bundle exec rake test TEST="test/test_foo.rb" TESTOPTS="--name=/test_mytest/"
 ```
diff --git a/doc/memory_view.md b/doc/contributing/memory_view.md
index 0b1369163d..0b1369163d 100644
--- a/doc/memory_view.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/memory_view.md
diff --git a/doc/contributing/vm_stack_and_frames.md b/doc/contributing/vm_stack_and_frames.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7dc59db16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/contributing/vm_stack_and_frames.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# Ruby VM Stack and Frame Layout
+
+This document explains the Ruby VM stack architecture, including how the value
+stack (SP) and control frames (CFP) share a single contiguous memory region,
+and how individual frames are structured.
+
+## VM Stack Architecture
+
+The Ruby VM uses a single contiguous stack (`ec->vm_stack`) with two different
+regions growing toward each other. Understanding this requires distinguishing
+the overall architecture (how CFPs and values share one stack) from individual
+frame internals (how values are organized for one single frame).
+
+```text
+High addresses (ec->vm_stack + ec->vm_stack_size)
+    ↓
+    [CFP region starts here] ← RUBY_VM_END_CONTROL_FRAME(ec)
+    [CFP - 1]                  New frame pushed here (grows downward)
+    [CFP - 2]                  Another frame
+    ...
+
+    (Unused space - stack overflow when they meet)
+
+    ...                        Value stack grows UP toward higher addresses
+    [SP + n]                   Values pushed here
+    [ec->cfp->sp]              Current executing frame's stack pointer
+    ↑
+Low addresses (ec->vm_stack)
+```
+
+The "unused space" represents free space available for new frames and values. When this gap closes (CFP meets SP), stack overflow occurs.
+
+### Stack Growth Directions
+
+**Control Frames (CFP):**
+
+- Start at `ec->vm_stack + ec->vm_stack_size` (high addresses)
+- Grow **downward** toward lower addresses as frames are pushed
+- Each new frame is allocated at `cfp - 1` (lower address)
+- The `rb_control_frame_t` structure itself moves downward
+
+**Value Stack (SP):**
+
+- Starts at `ec->vm_stack` (low addresses)
+- Grows **upward** toward higher addresses as values are pushed
+- Each frame's `cfp->sp` points to the top of its value stack
+
+### Stack Overflow
+
+When recursive calls push too many frames, CFP grows downward until it collides
+with SP growing upward. The VM detects this with `CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW0`,
+which computes `const rb_control_frame_struct *bound = (void *)&sp[margin];`
+and raises if `cfp <= &bound[1]`.
+
+## Understanding Individual Frame Value Stacks
+
+Each frame has its own portion of the overall VM stack, called its "VM value stack"
+or simply "value stack". This space is pre-allocated when the frame is created,
+with size determined by:
+
+- `local_size` - space for local variables
+- `stack_max` - maximum depth for temporary values during execution
+
+The frame's value stack grows upward from its base (where self/arguments/locals
+live) toward `cfp->sp` (the current top of temporary values).
+
+## Visualizing How Frames Fit in the VM Stack
+
+The left side shows the overall VM stack with CFP metadata separated from frame
+values. The right side zooms into one frame's value region, revealing its internal
+structure.
+
+```text
+Overall VM Stack (ec->vm_stack):          Zooming into Frame 2's value stack:
+
+High addr (vm_stack + vm_stack_size)      High addr (cfp->sp)
+    ↓                                   ┌
+    [CFP 1 metadata]                    │ [Temporaries]
+    [CFP 2 metadata] ─────────┐         │ [Env: Flags/Block/CME] ← cfp->ep
+    [CFP 3 metadata]          │         │ [Locals]
+    ────────────────          │       ┌─┤ [Arguments]
+     (unused space)           │       │ │ [self]
+    ────────────────          │       │ └
+    [Frame 3 values]          │       │   Low addr (frame base)
+    [Frame 2 values] <────────┴───────┘
+    [Frame 1 values]
+    ↑
+Low addr (vm_stack)
+```
+
+## Examining a Single Frame's Value Stack
+
+Now let's walk through a concrete Ruby program to see how a single frame's
+value stack is structured internally:
+
+```ruby
+def foo(x, y)
+  z = x.casecmp(y)
+end
+
+foo(:one, :two)
+```
+
+First, after arguments are evaluated and right before the `send` to `foo`:
+
+```text
+                                ┌────────────┐
+  putself                       │    :two    │
+  putobject :one            0x2 ├────────────┤
+  putobject :two                │    :one    │
+► send <:foo, argc:2>       0x1 ├────────────┤
+  leave                         │    self    │
+                            0x0 └────────────┘
+```
+
+The `put*` instructions have pushed 3 items onto the stack. It's now time to
+add a new control frame for `foo`. The following is the shape of the stack
+after one instruction in `foo`:
+
+```text
+                                                cfp->sp=0x8 at this point.
+                           0x8 ┌────────────┐◄──Stack space for temporaries
+                               │    :one    │   live above the environment.
+                           0x7 ├────────────┤
+  getlocal      x@0            │ < flags  > │   foo's rb_control_frame_t
+► getlocal      y@1        0x6 ├────────────┤◄──has cfp->ep=0x6
+  send <:casecmp, argc:1>      │ <no block> │
+  dup                      0x5 ├────────────┤  The flags, block, and CME triple
+  setlocal      z@2            │ <CME: foo> │  (VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE) form an
+  leave                    0x4 ├────────────┤  environment. They can be used to
+                               │   z (nil)  │  figure out what local variables
+                           0x3 ├────────────┤  are below them.
+                               │    :two    │
+                           0x2 ├────────────┤  Notice how the arguments, now
+                               │    :one    │  locals, never moved. This layout
+                           0x1 ├────────────┤  allows for argument transfer
+                               │    self    │  without copying.
+                           0x0 └────────────┘
+```
+
+Given that locals have lower address than `cfp->ep`, it makes sense then that
+`getlocal` in `insns.def` has `val = *(vm_get_ep(GET_EP(), level) - idx);`.
+When accessing variables in the immediate scope, where `level=0`, it's
+essentially `val = cfp->ep[-idx];`.
+
+Note that this EP-relative index has a different basis than the index that comes
+after "@" in disassembly listings. The "@" index is relative to the 0th local
+(`x` in this case).
+
+### Q&A
+
+Q: It seems that the receiver is always at an offset relative to EP,
+   like locals. Couldn't we use EP to access it instead of using `cfp->self`?
+
+A: Not all calls put the `self` in the callee on the stack. Two
+   examples are `Proc#call`, where the receiver is the Proc object, but `self`
+   inside the callee is `Proc#receiver`, and `yield`, where the receiver isn't
+   pushed onto the stack before the arguments.
+
+Q: Why have `cfp->ep` when it seems that everything is below `cfp->sp`?
+
+A: In the example, `cfp->ep` points to the stack, but it can also point to the
+   GC heap. Blocks can capture and evacuate their environment to the heap.
diff --git a/doc/csv/arguments/io.rdoc b/doc/csv/arguments/io.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index f5fe1d1975..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/arguments/io.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-* Argument +io+ should be an IO object that is:
-  * Open for reading; on return, the IO object will be closed.
-  * Positioned at the beginning.
-    To position at the end, for appending, use method CSV.generate.
-    For any other positioning, pass a preset \StringIO object instead.
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/common/col_sep.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/common/col_sep.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f23c6d2d3..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/common/col_sep.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +col_sep+
-
-Specifies the \String field separator to be used
-for both parsing and generating.
-The \String will be transcoded into the data's \Encoding before use.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:col_sep) # => "," (comma)
-
-Using the default (comma):
-  str = CSV.generate do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using +:+ (colon):
-  col_sep = ':'
-  str = CSV.generate(col_sep: col_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo:0\nbar:1\nbaz:2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, col_sep: col_sep)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using +::+ (two colons):
-  col_sep = '::'
-  str = CSV.generate(col_sep: col_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo::0\nbar::1\nbaz::2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, col_sep: col_sep)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using <tt>''</tt> (empty string):
-  col_sep = ''
-  str = CSV.generate(col_sep: col_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo0\nbar1\nbaz2\n"
-
----
-
-Raises an exception if parsing with the empty \String:
-  col_sep = ''
-  # Raises ArgumentError (:col_sep must be 1 or more characters: "")
-  CSV.parse("foo0\nbar1\nbaz2\n", col_sep: col_sep)
-
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/common/quote_char.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/common/quote_char.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 67fd3af68b..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/common/quote_char.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +quote_char+
-
-Specifies the character (\String of length 1) used used to quote fields
-in both parsing and generating.
-This String will be transcoded into the data's \Encoding before use.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:quote_char) # => "\"" (double quote)
-
-This is useful for an application that incorrectly uses <tt>'</tt> (single-quote)
-to quote fields, instead of the correct <tt>"</tt> (double-quote).
-
-Using the default (double quote):
-  str = CSV.generate do |csv|
-    csv << ['foo', 0]
-    csv << ["'bar'", 1]
-    csv << ['"baz"', 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\n'bar',1\n\"\"\"baz\"\"\",2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["'bar'", "1"], ["\"baz\"", "2"]]
-
-Using <tt>'</tt> (single-quote):
-  quote_char = "'"
-  str = CSV.generate(quote_char: quote_char) do |csv|
-    csv << ['foo', 0]
-    csv << ["'bar'", 1]
-    csv << ['"baz"', 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\n'''bar''',1\n\"baz\",2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, quote_char: quote_char)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["'bar'", "1"], ["\"baz\"", "2"]]
-
----
-
-Raises an exception if the \String length is greater than 1:
-  # Raises ArgumentError (:quote_char has to be nil or a single character String)
-  CSV.new('', quote_char: 'xx')
-
-Raises an exception if the value is not a \String:
-  # Raises ArgumentError (:quote_char has to be nil or a single character String)
-  CSV.new('', quote_char: :foo)
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/common/row_sep.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/common/row_sep.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index eae15b4a84..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/common/row_sep.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +row_sep+
-
-Specifies the row separator, a \String or the \Symbol <tt>:auto</tt> (see below),
-to be used for both parsing and generating.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:row_sep) # => :auto
-
----
-
-When +row_sep+ is a \String, that \String becomes the row separator.
-The String will be transcoded into the data's Encoding before use.
-
-Using <tt>"\n"</tt>:
-  row_sep = "\n"
-  str = CSV.generate(row_sep: row_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using <tt>|</tt> (pipe):
-  row_sep = '|'
-  str = CSV.generate(row_sep: row_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0|bar,1|baz,2|"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, row_sep: row_sep)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using <tt>--</tt> (two hyphens):
-  row_sep = '--'
-  str = CSV.generate(row_sep: row_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0--bar,1--baz,2--"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, row_sep: row_sep)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using <tt>''</tt> (empty string):
-  row_sep = ''
-  str = CSV.generate(row_sep: row_sep) do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0bar,1baz,2"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, row_sep: row_sep)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0bar", "1baz", "2"]]
-
----
-
-When +row_sep+ is the \Symbol +:auto+ (the default),
-generating uses <tt>"\n"</tt> as the row separator:
-  str = CSV.generate do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-
-Parsing, on the other hand, invokes auto-discovery of the row separator.
-
-Auto-discovery reads ahead in the data looking for the next <tt>\r\n</tt>, +\n+, or +\r+ sequence.
-The sequence will be selected even if it occurs in a quoted field,
-assuming that you would have the same line endings there.
-
-Example:
-  str = CSV.generate do |csv|
-    csv << [:foo, 0]
-    csv << [:bar, 1]
-    csv << [:baz, 2]
-  end
-  str # => "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-The default <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> (<tt>$/</tt>) is used
-if any of the following is true:
-* None of those sequences is found.
-* Data is +ARGF+, +STDIN+, +STDOUT+, or +STDERR+.
-* The stream is only available for output.
-
-Obviously, discovery takes a little time. Set manually if speed is important. Also note that IO objects should be opened in binary mode on Windows if this feature will be used as the line-ending translation can cause problems with resetting the document position to where it was before the read ahead.
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/force_quotes.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/force_quotes.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 11afd1a16c..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/force_quotes.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +force_quotes+
-
-Specifies the boolean that determines whether each output field is to be double-quoted.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:force_quotes) # => false
-
-For examples in this section:
-  ary = ['foo', 0, nil]
-
-Using the default, +false+:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(ary)
-  str # => "foo,0,\n"
-
-Using +true+:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(ary, force_quotes: true)
-  str # => "\"foo\",\"0\",\"\"\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/quote_empty.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/quote_empty.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c5645c662..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/quote_empty.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +quote_empty+
-
-Specifies the boolean that determines whether an empty value is to be double-quoted.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:quote_empty) # => true
-
-With the default +true+:
-  CSV.generate_line(['"', ""]) # => "\"\"\"\",\"\"\n"
-
-With +false+:
-    CSV.generate_line(['"', ""], quote_empty: false) # => "\"\"\"\",\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_converters.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/write_converters.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index d1a9cc748f..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_converters.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +write_converters+
-
-Specifies converters to be used in generating fields.
-See {Write Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Write+Converters]
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:write_converters) # => nil
-
-With no write converter:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(["\na\n", "\tb\t", " c "])
-  str # => "\"\na\n\",\tb\t, c \n"
-
-With a write converter:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field| field.strip }
-  str = CSV.generate_line(["\na\n", "\tb\t", " c "], write_converters: strip_converter)
-  str # => "a,b,c\n"
-
-With two write converters (called in order):
-  upcase_converter = proc {|field| field.upcase }
-  downcase_converter = proc {|field| field.downcase }
-  write_converters = [upcase_converter, downcase_converter]
-  str = CSV.generate_line(['a', 'b', 'c'], write_converters: write_converters)
-  str # => "a,b,c\n"
-
-See also {Write Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Write+Converters]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_empty_value.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/write_empty_value.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 67be5662cb..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_empty_value.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +write_empty_value+
-
-Specifies the object that is to be substituted for each field
-that has an empty \String.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:write_empty_value) # => ""
-
-Without the option:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(['a', '', 'c', ''])
-  str # => "a,\"\",c,\"\"\n"
-
-With the option:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(['a', '', 'c', ''], write_empty_value: "x")
-  str # => "a,x,c,x\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_headers.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/write_headers.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index c56aa48adb..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_headers.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +write_headers+
-
-Specifies the boolean that determines whether a header row is included in the output;
-ignored if there are no headers.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:write_headers) # => nil
-
-Without +write_headers+:
-  file_path = 't.csv'
-  CSV.open(file_path,'w',
-      :headers => ['Name','Value']
-    ) do |csv|
-      csv << ['foo', '0']
-  end
-  CSV.open(file_path) do |csv|
-    csv.shift
-  end # => ["foo", "0"]
-
-With +write_headers+":
-  CSV.open(file_path,'w',
-      :write_headers => true,
-      :headers => ['Name','Value']
-    ) do |csv|
-      csv << ['foo', '0']
-  end
-  CSV.open(file_path) do |csv|
-    csv.shift
-  end # => ["Name", "Value"]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_nil_value.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/generating/write_nil_value.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 65d33ff54e..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/generating/write_nil_value.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +write_nil_value+
-
-Specifies the object that is to be substituted for each +nil+-valued field.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:write_nil_value) # => nil
-
-Without the option:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(['a', nil, 'c', nil])
-  str # => "a,,c,\n"
-
-With the option:
-  str = CSV.generate_line(['a', nil, 'c', nil], write_nil_value: "x")
-  str # => "a,x,c,x\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/converters.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/converters.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 211fa48de6..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/converters.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +converters+
-
-Specifies converters to be used in parsing fields.
-See {Field Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Field+Converters]
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:converters) # => nil
-
-The value may be a field converter name
-(see {Stored Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Stored+Converters]):
-  str = '1,2,3'
-  # Without a converter
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str)
-  array # => ["1", "2", "3"]
-  # With built-in converter :integer
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str, converters: :integer)
-  array # => [1, 2, 3]
-
-The value may be a converter list
-(see {Converter Lists}[#class-CSV-label-Converter+Lists]):
-  str = '1,3.14159'
-  # Without converters
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str)
-  array # => ["1", "3.14159"]
-  # With built-in converters
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str, converters: [:integer, :float])
-  array # => [1, 3.14159]
-
-The value may be a \Proc custom converter:
-(see {Custom Field Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Custom+Field+Converters]):
-  str = ' foo  ,  bar  ,  baz  '
-  # Without a converter
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str)
-  array # => [" foo  ", "  bar  ", "  baz  "]
-  # With a custom converter
-  array = CSV.parse_line(str, converters: proc {|field| field.strip })
-  array # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
-
-See also {Custom Field Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Custom+Field+Converters]
-
----
-
-Raises an exception if the converter is not a converter name or a \Proc:
-  str = 'foo,0'
-  # Raises NoMethodError (undefined method `arity' for nil:NilClass)
-  CSV.parse(str, converters: :foo)
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/empty_value.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/empty_value.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d3bcc078c..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/empty_value.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +empty_value+
-
-Specifies the object that is to be substituted
-for each field that has an empty \String.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:empty_value) # => "" (empty string)
-
-With the default, <tt>""</tt>:
-  CSV.parse_line('a,"",b,"",c') # => ["a", "", "b", "", "c"]
-
-With a different object:
-  CSV.parse_line('a,"",b,"",c', empty_value: 'x') # => ["a", "x", "b", "x", "c"]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/field_size_limit.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/field_size_limit.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 797c5776fc..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/field_size_limit.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +field_size_limit+
-
-Specifies the \Integer field size limit.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:field_size_limit) # => nil
-
-This is a maximum size CSV will read ahead looking for the closing quote for a field.
-(In truth, it reads to the first line ending beyond this size.)
-If a quote cannot be found within the limit CSV will raise a MalformedCSVError,
-assuming the data is faulty.
-You can use this limit to prevent what are effectively DoS attacks on the parser.
-However, this limit can cause a legitimate parse to fail;
-therefore the default value is +nil+ (no limit).
-
-For the examples in this section:
-  str = <<~EOT
-    "a","b"
-    "
-    2345
-    ",""
-  EOT
-  str # => "\"a\",\"b\"\n\"\n2345\n\",\"\"\n"
-
-Using the default +nil+:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["a", "b"], ["\n2345\n", ""]]
-
-Using <tt>50</tt>:
-  field_size_limit = 50
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, field_size_limit: field_size_limit)
-  ary # => [["a", "b"], ["\n2345\n", ""]]
-
----
-
-Raises an exception if a field is too long:
-  big_str = "123456789\n" * 1024
-  # Raises CSV::MalformedCSVError (Field size exceeded in line 1.)
-  CSV.parse('valid,fields,"' + big_str + '"', field_size_limit: 2048)
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/header_converters.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/header_converters.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 309180805f..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/header_converters.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +header_converters+
-
-Specifies converters to be used in parsing headers.
-See {Header Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Header+Converters]
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:header_converters) # => nil
-
-Identical in functionality to option {converters}[#class-CSV-label-Option+converters]
-except that:
-- The converters apply only to the header row.
-- The built-in header converters are +:downcase+ and +:symbol+.
-
-This section assumes prior execution of:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  Name,Value
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-  EOT
-  # With no header converter
-  table = CSV.parse(str, headers: true)
-  table.headers # => ["Name", "Value"]
-
-The value may be a header converter name
-(see {Stored Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Stored+Converters]):
-  table = CSV.parse(str, headers: true, header_converters: :downcase)
-  table.headers # => ["name", "value"]
-
-The value may be a converter list
-(see {Converter Lists}[#class-CSV-label-Converter+Lists]):
-  header_converters = [:downcase, :symbol]
-  table = CSV.parse(str, headers: true, header_converters: header_converters)
-  table.headers # => [:name, :value]
-
-The value may be a \Proc custom converter
-(see {Custom Header Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Custom+Header+Converters]):
-  upcase_converter = proc {|field| field.upcase }
-  table = CSV.parse(str, headers: true, header_converters: upcase_converter)
-  table.headers # => ["NAME", "VALUE"]
-
-See also {Custom Header Converters}[#class-CSV-label-Custom+Header+Converters]
-
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/headers.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/headers.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ea151f24b..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/headers.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +headers+
-
-Specifies a boolean, \Symbol, \Array, or \String to be used
-to define column headers.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:headers) # => false
-
----
-
-Without +headers+:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  Name,Count
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  bax,2
-  EOT
-  csv = CSV.new(str)
-  csv # => #<CSV io_type:StringIO encoding:UTF-8 lineno:0 col_sep:"," row_sep:"\n" quote_char:"\"">
-  csv.headers # => nil
-  csv.shift # => ["Name", "Count"]
-
----
-
-If set to +true+ or the \Symbol +:first_row+,
-the first row of the data is treated as a row of headers:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  Name,Count
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  bax,2
-  EOT
-  csv = CSV.new(str, headers: true)
-  csv # => #<CSV io_type:StringIO encoding:UTF-8 lineno:2 col_sep:"," row_sep:"\n" quote_char:"\"" headers:["Name", "Count"]>
-  csv.headers # => ["Name", "Count"]
-  csv.shift # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Count":"1">
-
----
-
-If set to an \Array, the \Array elements are treated as headers:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  bax,2
-  EOT
-  csv = CSV.new(str, headers: ['Name', 'Count'])
-  csv
-  csv.headers # => ["Name", "Count"]
-  csv.shift # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Count":"1">
-
----
-
-If set to a \String +str+, method <tt>CSV::parse_line(str, options)</tt> is called
-with the current +options+, and the returned \Array is treated as headers:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  bax,2
-  EOT
-  csv = CSV.new(str, headers: 'Name,Count')
-  csv
-  csv.headers # => ["Name", "Count"]
-  csv.shift # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Count":"1">
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/liberal_parsing.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/liberal_parsing.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 603de28613..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/liberal_parsing.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +liberal_parsing+
-
-Specifies the boolean or hash value that determines whether
-CSV will attempt to parse input not conformant with RFC 4180,
-such as double quotes in unquoted fields.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:liberal_parsing) # => false
-
-For the next two examples:
-  str = 'is,this "three, or four",fields'
-
-Without +liberal_parsing+:
-  # Raises CSV::MalformedCSVError (Illegal quoting in str 1.)
-  CSV.parse_line(str)
-
-With +liberal_parsing+:
-  ary = CSV.parse_line(str, liberal_parsing: true)
-  ary # => ["is", "this \"three", " or four\"", "fields"]
-
-Use the +backslash_quote+ sub-option to parse values that use
-a backslash to escape a double-quote character.  This
-causes the parser to treat <code>\"</code> as if it were
-<code>""</code>.
-
-For the next two examples:
-  str = 'Show,"Harry \"Handcuff\" Houdini, the one and only","Tampa Theater"'
-
-With +liberal_parsing+, but without the +backslash_quote+ sub-option:
-  # Incorrect interpretation of backslash; incorrectly interprets the quoted comma as a field separator.
-  ary = CSV.parse_line(str, liberal_parsing: true)
-  ary # => ["Show", "\"Harry \\\"Handcuff\\\" Houdini", " the one and only\"", "Tampa Theater"]
-  puts ary[1] # => "Harry \"Handcuff\" Houdini
-
-With +liberal_parsing+ and its +backslash_quote+ sub-option:
-  ary = CSV.parse_line(str, liberal_parsing: { backslash_quote: true })
-  ary # => ["Show", "Harry \"Handcuff\" Houdini, the one and only", "Tampa Theater"]
-  puts ary[1] # => Harry "Handcuff" Houdini, the one and only
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/nil_value.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/nil_value.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 412e8795e8..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/nil_value.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +nil_value+
-
-Specifies the object that is to be substituted for each null (no-text) field.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:nil_value) # => nil
-
-With the default, +nil+:
-  CSV.parse_line('a,,b,,c') # => ["a", nil, "b", nil, "c"]
-
-With a different object:
-  CSV.parse_line('a,,b,,c', nil_value: 0) # => ["a", 0, "b", 0, "c"]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/return_headers.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/return_headers.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 45d2e3f3de..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/return_headers.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +return_headers+
-
-Specifies the boolean that determines whether method #shift
-returns or ignores the header row.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:return_headers) # => false
-
-Examples:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  Name,Count
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  bax,2
-  EOT
-  # Without return_headers first row is str.
-  csv = CSV.new(str, headers: true)
-  csv.shift # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"foo" "Count":"0">
-  # With return_headers first row is headers.
-  csv = CSV.new(str, headers: true, return_headers: true)
-  csv.shift # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Name" "Count":"Count">
-
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_blanks.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_blanks.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c8f7b7bb8..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_blanks.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +skip_blanks+
-
-Specifies a boolean that determines whether blank lines in the input will be ignored;
-a line that contains a column separator is not considered to be blank.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:skip_blanks) # => false
-
-See also option {skiplines}[#class-CSV-label-Option+skip_lines].
-
-For examples in this section:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  foo,0
-
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-
-  ,
-  EOT
-
-Using the default, +false+:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], [], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"], [], [nil, nil]]
-
-Using +true+:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, skip_blanks: true)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"], [nil, nil]]
-
-Using a truthy value:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, skip_blanks: :foo)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"], [nil, nil]]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_lines.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_lines.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 1481c40a5f..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/skip_lines.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +skip_lines+
-
-Specifies an object to use in identifying comment lines in the input that are to be ignored:
-* If a \Regexp, ignores lines that match it.
-* If a \String, converts it to a \Regexp, ignores lines that match it.
-* If +nil+, no lines are considered to be comments.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:skip_lines) # => nil
-
-For examples in this section:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  # Comment
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-  # Another comment
-  EOT
-  str # => "# Comment\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n# Another comment\n"
-
-Using the default, +nil+:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str)
-  ary # => [["# Comment"], ["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"], ["# Another comment"]]
-
-Using a \Regexp:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, skip_lines: /^#/)
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Using a \String:
-  ary = CSV.parse(str, skip_lines: '#')
-  ary # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
----
-
-Raises an exception if given an object that is not a \Regexp, a \String, or +nil+:
-  # Raises ArgumentError (:skip_lines has to respond to #match: 0)
-  CSV.parse(str, skip_lines: 0)
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/strip.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/strip.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 56ae4310c3..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/strip.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +strip+
-
-Specifies the boolean value that determines whether
-whitespace is stripped from each input field.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:strip) # => false
-
-With default value +false+:
-  ary = CSV.parse_line(' a , b ')
-  ary # => [" a ", " b "]
-
-With value +true+:
-  ary = CSV.parse_line(' a , b ', strip: true)
-  ary # => ["a", "b"]
diff --git a/doc/csv/options/parsing/unconverted_fields.rdoc b/doc/csv/options/parsing/unconverted_fields.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e7f839d49..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/options/parsing/unconverted_fields.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-====== Option +unconverted_fields+
-
-Specifies the boolean that determines whether unconverted field values are to be available.
-
-Default value:
-  CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.fetch(:unconverted_fields) # => nil
-
-The unconverted field values are those found in the source data,
-prior to any conversions performed via option +converters+.
-
-When option +unconverted_fields+ is +true+,
-each returned row (\Array or \CSV::Row) has an added method,
-+unconverted_fields+, that returns the unconverted field values:
-  str = <<-EOT
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-  EOT
-  # Without unconverted_fields
-  csv = CSV.parse(str, converters: :integer)
-  csv # => [["foo", 0], ["bar", 1], ["baz", 2]]
-  csv.first.respond_to?(:unconverted_fields) # => false
-  # With unconverted_fields
-  csv = CSV.parse(str, converters: :integer, unconverted_fields: true)
-  csv # => [["foo", 0], ["bar", 1], ["baz", 2]]
-  csv.first.respond_to?(:unconverted_fields) # => true
-  csv.first.unconverted_fields # => ["foo", "0"]
diff --git a/doc/csv/recipes/filtering.rdoc b/doc/csv/recipes/filtering.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 1552bf0fb8..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/recipes/filtering.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-== Recipes for Filtering \CSV
-
-These recipes are specific code examples for specific \CSV filtering tasks.
-
-For other recipes, see {Recipes for CSV}[./recipes_rdoc.html].
-
-All code snippets on this page assume that the following has been executed:
-  require 'csv'
-
-=== Contents
-
-- {Source and Output Formats}[#label-Source+and+Output+Formats]
-  - {Filtering String to String}[#label-Filtering+String+to+String]
-    - {Recipe: Filter String to String with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+String+to+String+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Filter String to String Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+String+to+String+Without+Headers]
-  - {Filtering String to IO Stream}[#label-Filtering+String+to+IO+Stream]
-    - {Recipe: Filter String to IO Stream with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+String+to+IO+Stream+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Filter String to IO Stream Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+String+to+IO+Stream+Without+Headers]
-  - {Filtering IO Stream to String}[#label-Filtering+IO+Stream+to+String]
-    - {Recipe: Filter IO Stream to String with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+IO+Stream+to+String+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Filter IO Stream to String Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+IO+Stream+to+String+Without+Headers]
-  - {Filtering IO Stream to IO Stream}[#label-Filtering+IO+Stream+to+IO+Stream]
-    - {Recipe: Filter IO Stream to IO Stream with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+IO+Stream+to+IO+Stream+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Filter IO Stream to IO Stream Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+IO+Stream+to+IO+Stream+Without+Headers]
-
-=== Source and Output Formats
-
-You can use a Unix-style "filter" for \CSV data.
-The filter reads source \CSV data and writes output \CSV data as modified by the filter.
-The input and output \CSV data may be any mixture of \Strings and \IO streams.
-
-==== Filtering \String to \String
-
-You can filter one \String to another, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \String to \String with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter with option +headers+ to filter a \String to another \String:
-  in_string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  out_string = ''
-  CSV.filter(in_string, out_string, headers: true) do |row|
-    row[0] = row[0].upcase
-    row[1] *= 4
-  end
-  out_string # => "Name,Value\nFOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \String to \String Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter without option +headers+ to filter a \String to another \String:
-  in_string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  out_string = ''
-  CSV.filter(in_string, out_string) do |row|
-    row[0] = row[0].upcase
-    row[1] *= 4
-  end
-  out_string # => "FOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-==== Filtering \String to \IO Stream
-
-You can filter a \String to an \IO stream, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \String to \IO Stream with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter with option +headers+ to filter a \String to an \IO stream:
-  in_string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.open(path, 'w') do |out_io|
-    CSV.filter(in_string, out_io, headers: true) do |row|
-      row[0] = row[0].upcase
-      row[1] *= 4
-    end
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "Name,Value\nFOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \String to \IO Stream Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter without option +headers+ to filter a \String to an \IO stream:
-  in_string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.open(path, 'w') do |out_io|
-    CSV.filter(in_string, out_io) do |row|
-      row[0] = row[0].upcase
-      row[1] *= 4
-    end
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "FOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-==== Filtering \IO Stream to \String
-
-You can filter an \IO stream to a \String, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \IO Stream to \String with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter with option +headers+ to filter an \IO stream to a \String:
-  in_string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, in_string)
-  out_string = ''
-  File.open(path, headers: true) do |in_io|
-    CSV.filter(in_io, out_string, headers: true) do |row|
-      row[0] = row[0].upcase
-      row[1] *= 4
-    end
-  end
-  out_string # => "Name,Value\nFOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \IO Stream to \String Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter without option +headers+ to filter an \IO stream to a \String:
-  in_string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, in_string)
-  out_string = ''
-  File.open(path) do |in_io|
-    CSV.filter(in_io, out_string) do |row|
-      row[0] = row[0].upcase
-      row[1] *= 4
-    end
-  end
-  out_string # => "FOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-==== Filtering \IO Stream to \IO Stream
-
-You can filter an \IO stream to another \IO stream, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \IO Stream to \IO Stream with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter with option +headers+ to filter an \IO stream to another \IO stream:
-  in_path = 't.csv'
-  in_string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  File.write(in_path, in_string)
-  out_path = 'u.csv'
-  File.open(in_path) do |in_io|
-    File.open(out_path, 'w') do |out_io|
-      CSV.filter(in_io, out_io, headers: true) do |row|
-        row[0] = row[0].upcase
-        row[1] *= 4
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  p File.read(out_path) # => "Name,Value\nFOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Filter \IO Stream to \IO Stream Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.filter without option +headers+ to filter an \IO stream to another \IO stream:
-  in_path = 't.csv'
-  in_string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  File.write(in_path, in_string)
-  out_path = 'u.csv'
-  File.open(in_path) do |in_io|
-    File.open(out_path, 'w') do |out_io|
-      CSV.filter(in_io, out_io) do |row|
-        row[0] = row[0].upcase
-        row[1] *= 4
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  p File.read(out_path) # => "FOO,0000\nBAR,1111\nBAZ,2222\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/recipes/generating.rdoc b/doc/csv/recipes/generating.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index e61838d31a..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/recipes/generating.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-== Recipes for Generating \CSV
-
-These recipes are specific code examples for specific \CSV generating tasks.
-
-For other recipes, see {Recipes for CSV}[./recipes_rdoc.html].
-
-All code snippets on this page assume that the following has been executed:
-  require 'csv'
-
-=== Contents
-
-- {Output Formats}[#label-Output+Formats]
-  - {Generating to a String}[#label-Generating+to+a+String]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to String with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+String+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to String Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+String+Without+Headers]
-  - {Generating to a File}[#label-Generating+to+a+File]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to File with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+File+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to File Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+File+Without+Headers]
-  - {Generating to IO an Stream}[#label-Generating+to+an+IO+Stream]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to IO Stream with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+IO+Stream+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Generate to IO Stream Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+to+IO+Stream+Without+Headers]
-- {Converting Fields}[#label-Converting+Fields]
-  - {Recipe: Filter Generated Field Strings}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+Generated+Field+Strings]
-  - {Recipe: Specify Multiple Write Converters}[#label-Recipe-3A+Specify+Multiple+Write+Converters]
-- {RFC 4180 Compliance}[#label-RFC+4180+Compliance]
-  - {Row Separator}[#label-Row+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Compliant Row Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Compliant+Row+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Row Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Non-Compliant+Row+Separator]
-  - {Column Separator}[#label-Column+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Compliant Column Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Compliant+Column+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Column Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Non-Compliant+Column+Separator]
-  - {Quote Character}[#label-Quote+Character]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Compliant Quote Character}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Compliant+Quote+Character]
-    - {Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Quote Character}[#label-Recipe-3A+Generate+Non-Compliant+Quote+Character]
-
-=== Output Formats
-
-You can generate \CSV output to a \String, to a \File (via its path), or to an \IO stream.
-
-==== Generating to a \String
-
-You can generate \CSV output to a \String, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Generate to \String with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.generate with option +headers+ to generate to a \String.
-
-This example uses method CSV#<< to append the rows
-that are to be generated:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', headers: ['Name', 'Value'], write_headers: true) do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Name,Value\nFoo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate to \String Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.generate without option +headers+ to generate to a \String.
-
-This example uses method CSV#<< to append the rows
-that are to be generated:
-  output_string = CSV.generate do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Foo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-==== Generating to a \File
-
-You can generate /CSV data to a \File, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Generate to \File with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.open with option +headers+ generate to a \File.
-
-This example uses method CSV#<< to append the rows
-that are to be generated:
-  path = 't.csv'
-  CSV.open(path, 'w', headers: ['Name', 'Value'], write_headers: true) do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "Name,Value\nFoo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate to \File Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.open without option +headers+ to generate to a \File.
-
-This example uses method CSV#<< to append the rows
-that are to be generated:
-  path = 't.csv'
-  CSV.open(path, 'w') do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "Foo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-==== Generating to an \IO Stream
-
-You can generate \CSV data to an \IO stream, with or without headers.
-
-==== Recipe: Generate to \IO Stream with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.new with option +headers+ to generate \CSV data to an \IO stream:
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.open(path, 'w') do |file|
-    csv = CSV.new(file, headers: ['Name', 'Value'], write_headers: true)
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "Name,Value\nFoo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate to \IO Stream Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.new without option +headers+ to generate \CSV data to an \IO stream:
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.open(path, 'w') do |file|
-    csv = CSV.new(file)
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  p File.read(path) # => "Foo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-=== Converting Fields
-
-You can use _write_ _converters_ to convert fields when generating \CSV.
-
-==== Recipe: Filter Generated Field Strings
-
-Use option <tt>:write_converters</tt> and a custom converter to convert field values when generating \CSV.
-
-This example defines and uses a custom write converter to strip whitespace from generated fields:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field| field.respond_to?(:strip) ? field.strip : field }
-  output_string = CSV.generate(write_converters: strip_converter) do |csv|
-    csv << [' foo ', 0]
-    csv << [' bar ', 1]
-    csv << [' baz ', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-
-==== Recipe: Specify Multiple Write Converters
-
-Use option <tt>:write_converters</tt> and multiple custom converters
-to convert field values when generating \CSV.
-
-This example defines and uses two custom write converters to strip and upcase generated fields:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field| field.respond_to?(:strip) ? field.strip : field }
-  upcase_converter = proc {|field| field.respond_to?(:upcase) ? field.upcase : field }
-  converters = [strip_converter, upcase_converter]
-  output_string = CSV.generate(write_converters: converters) do |csv|
-    csv << [' foo ', 0]
-    csv << [' bar ', 1]
-    csv << [' baz ', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "FOO,0\nBAR,1\nBAZ,2\n"
-
-=== RFC 4180 Compliance
-
-By default, \CSV generates data that is compliant with
-{RFC 4180}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4180]
-with respect to:
-- Column separator.
-- Quote character.
-
-==== Row Separator
-
-RFC 4180 specifies the row separator CRLF (Ruby <tt>"\r\n"</tt>).
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Compliant Row Separator
-
-For strict compliance, use option +:row_sep+ to specify row separator <tt>"\r\n"</tt>:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', row_sep: "\r\n") do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Foo,0\r\nBar,1\r\nBaz,2\r\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Row Separator
-
-For data with non-compliant row separators, use option +:row_sep+ with a different value:
-This example source uses semicolon (<tt>";'</tt>) as its row separator:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', row_sep: ";") do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Foo,0;Bar,1;Baz,2;"
-
-==== Column Separator
-
-RFC 4180 specifies column separator COMMA (Ruby <tt>","</tt>).
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Compliant Column Separator
-
-Because the \CSV default comma separator is <tt>","</tt>,
-you need not specify option +:col_sep+ for compliant data:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('') do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Foo,0\nBar,1\nBaz,2\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Column Separator
-
-For data with non-compliant column separators, use option +:col_sep+.
-This example source uses TAB (<tt>"\t"</tt>) as its column separator:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', col_sep: "\t") do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "Foo\t0\nBar\t1\nBaz\t2\n"
-
-==== Quote Character
-
-RFC 4180 specifies quote character DQUOTE (Ruby <tt>"\""</tt>).
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Compliant Quote Character
-
-Because the \CSV default quote character is <tt>"\""</tt>,
-you need not specify option +:quote_char+ for compliant data:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', force_quotes: true) do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "\"Foo\",\"0\"\n\"Bar\",\"1\"\n\"Baz\",\"2\"\n"
-
-===== Recipe: Generate Non-Compliant Quote Character
-
-For data with non-compliant quote characters, use option +:quote_char+.
-This example source uses SQUOTE (<tt>"'"</tt>) as its quote character:
-  output_string = CSV.generate('', quote_char: "'", force_quotes: true) do |csv|
-    csv << ['Foo', 0]
-    csv << ['Bar', 1]
-    csv << ['Baz', 2]
-  end
-  output_string # => "'Foo','0'\n'Bar','1'\n'Baz','2'\n"
diff --git a/doc/csv/recipes/parsing.rdoc b/doc/csv/recipes/parsing.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b7071e33f..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/recipes/parsing.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,545 +0,0 @@
-== Recipes for Parsing \CSV
-
-These recipes are specific code examples for specific \CSV parsing tasks.
-
-For other recipes, see {Recipes for CSV}[./recipes_rdoc.html].
-
-All code snippets on this page assume that the following has been executed:
-  require 'csv'
-
-=== Contents
-
-- {Source Formats}[#label-Source+Formats]
-  - {Parsing from a String}[#label-Parsing+from+a+String]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from String with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+String+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from String Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+String+Without+Headers]
-  - {Parsing from a File}[#label-Parsing+from+a+File]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from File with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+File+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from File Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+File+Without+Headers]
-  - {Parsing from an IO Stream}[#label-Parsing+from+an+IO+Stream]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from IO Stream with Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+IO+Stream+with+Headers]
-    - {Recipe: Parse from IO Stream Without Headers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Parse+from+IO+Stream+Without+Headers]
-- {RFC 4180 Compliance}[#label-RFC+4180+Compliance]
-  - {Row Separator}[#label-Row+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Compliant Row Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Compliant+Row+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Row Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Non-Compliant+Row+Separator]
-  - {Column Separator}[#label-Column+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Compliant Column Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Compliant+Column+Separator]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Column Separator}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Non-Compliant+Column+Separator]
-  - {Quote Character}[#label-Quote+Character]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Compliant Quote Character}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Compliant+Quote+Character]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Quote Character}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Non-Compliant+Quote+Character]
-  - {Recipe: Allow Liberal Parsing}[#label-Recipe-3A+Allow+Liberal+Parsing]
-- {Special Handling}[#label-Special+Handling]
-  - {Special Line Handling}[#label-Special+Line+Handling]
-    - {Recipe: Ignore Blank Lines}[#label-Recipe-3A+Ignore+Blank+Lines]
-    - {Recipe: Ignore Selected Lines}[#label-Recipe-3A+Ignore+Selected+Lines]
-  - {Special Field Handling}[#label-Special+Field+Handling]
-    - {Recipe: Strip Fields}[#label-Recipe-3A+Strip+Fields]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Null Fields}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Null+Fields]
-    - {Recipe: Handle Empty Fields}[#label-Recipe-3A+Handle+Empty+Fields]
-- {Converting Fields}[#label-Converting+Fields]
-  - {Converting Fields to Objects}[#label-Converting+Fields+to+Objects]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to Integers}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+Integers]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to Floats}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+Floats]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to Numerics}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+Numerics]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to Dates}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+Dates]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to DateTimes}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+DateTimes]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Assorted Fields to Objects}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Assorted+Fields+to+Objects]
-    - {Recipe: Convert Fields to Other Objects}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Fields+to+Other+Objects]
-  - {Recipe: Filter Field Strings}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+Field+Strings]
-  - {Recipe: Register Field Converters}[#label-Recipe-3A+Register+Field+Converters]
-  - {Using Multiple Field Converters}[#label-Using+Multiple+Field+Converters]
-    - {Recipe: Specify Multiple Field Converters in Option :converters}[#label-Recipe-3A+Specify+Multiple+Field+Converters+in+Option+-3Aconverters]
-    - {Recipe: Specify Multiple Field Converters in a Custom Converter List}[#label-Recipe-3A+Specify+Multiple+Field+Converters+in+a+Custom+Converter+List]
-- {Converting Headers}[#label-Converting+Headers]
-  - {Recipe: Convert Headers to Lowercase}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Headers+to+Lowercase]
-  - {Recipe: Convert Headers to Symbols}[#label-Recipe-3A+Convert+Headers+to+Symbols]
-  - {Recipe: Filter Header Strings}[#label-Recipe-3A+Filter+Header+Strings]
-  - {Recipe: Register Header Converters}[#label-Recipe-3A+Register+Header+Converters]
-  - {Using Multiple Header Converters}[#label-Using+Multiple+Header+Converters]
-    - {Recipe: Specify Multiple Header Converters in Option :header_converters}[#label-Recipe-3A+Specify+Multiple+Header+Converters+in+Option+-3Aheader_converters]
-    - {Recipe: Specify Multiple Header Converters in a Custom Header Converter List}[#label-Recipe-3A+Specify+Multiple+Header+Converters+in+a+Custom+Header+Converter+List]
-- {Diagnostics}[#label-Diagnostics]
-  - {Recipe: Capture Unconverted Fields}[#label-Recipe-3A+Capture+Unconverted+Fields]
-  - {Recipe: Capture Field Info}[#label-Recipe-3A+Capture+Field+Info]
-
-=== Source Formats
-
-You can parse \CSV data from a \String, from a \File (via its path), or from an \IO stream.
-
-==== Parsing from a \String
-
-You can parse \CSV data from a \String, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \String with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.parse with option +headers+ to read a source \String all at once
-(may have memory resource implications):
-  string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  CSV.parse(string, headers: true) # => #<CSV::Table mode:col_or_row row_count:4>
-
-Use instance method CSV#each with option +headers+ to read a source \String one row at a time:
-  CSV.new(string, headers: true).each do |row|
-    p row
-  end
-Output:
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"foo" "Value":"0">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Value":"1">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"baz" "Value":"2">
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \String Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.parse without option +headers+ to read a source \String all at once
-(may have memory resource implications):
-  string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  CSV.parse(string) # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Use instance method CSV#each without option +headers+ to read a source \String one row at a time:
-  CSV.new(string).each do |row|
-    p row
-  end
-Output:
-  ["foo", "0"]
-  ["bar", "1"]
-  ["baz", "2"]
-
-==== Parsing from a \File
-
-You can parse \CSV data from a \File, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \File with Headers
-
-Use instance method CSV#read with option +headers+ to read a file all at once:
-  string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, string)
-  CSV.read(path, headers: true) # => #<CSV::Table mode:col_or_row row_count:4>
-
-Use class method CSV.foreach with option +headers+ to read one row at a time:
-  CSV.foreach(path, headers: true) do |row|
-    p row
-  end
-Output:
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"foo" "Value":"0">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Value":"1">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"baz" "Value":"2">
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \File Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.read without option +headers+ to read a file all at once:
-  string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, string)
-  CSV.read(path) # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Use class method CSV.foreach without option +headers+ to read one row at a time:
-  CSV.foreach(path) do |row|
-    p row
-  end
-Output:
-  ["foo", "0"]
-  ["bar", "1"]
-  ["baz", "2"]
-
-==== Parsing from an \IO Stream
-
-You can parse \CSV data from an \IO stream, with or without headers.
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \IO Stream with Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.parse with option +headers+ to read an \IO stream all at once:
-  string = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, string)
-  File.open(path) do |file|
-    CSV.parse(file, headers: true)
-  end # => #<CSV::Table mode:col_or_row row_count:4>
-
-Use class method CSV.foreach with option +headers+ to read one row at a time:
-  File.open(path) do |file|
-    CSV.foreach(file, headers: true) do |row|
-      p row
-    end
-  end
-Output:
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"foo" "Value":"0">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"bar" "Value":"1">
-  #<CSV::Row "Name":"baz" "Value":"2">
-
-===== Recipe: Parse from \IO Stream Without Headers
-
-Use class method CSV.parse without option +headers+ to read an \IO stream all at once:
-  string = "foo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  path = 't.csv'
-  File.write(path, string)
-  File.open(path) do |file|
-    CSV.parse(file)
-  end # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-Use class method CSV.foreach without option +headers+ to read one row at a time:
-  File.open(path) do |file|
-    CSV.foreach(file) do |row|
-      p row
-    end
-  end
-Output:
-  ["foo", "0"]
-  ["bar", "1"]
-  ["baz", "2"]
-
-=== RFC 4180 Compliance
-
-By default, \CSV parses data that is compliant with
-{RFC 4180}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4180]
-with respect to:
-- Row separator.
-- Column separator.
-- Quote character.
-
-==== Row Separator
-
-RFC 4180 specifies the row separator CRLF (Ruby <tt>"\r\n"</tt>).
-
-Although the \CSV default row separator is <tt>"\n"</tt>,
-the parser also by default handles row separator <tt>"\r"</tt> and the RFC-compliant <tt>"\r\n"</tt>.
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Compliant Row Separator
-
-For strict compliance, use option +:row_sep+ to specify row separator <tt>"\r\n"</tt>,
-which allows the compliant row separator:
-  source = "foo,1\r\nbar,1\r\nbaz,2\r\n"
-  CSV.parse(source, row_sep: "\r\n") # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-But rejects other row separators:
-  source = "foo,1\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  CSV.parse(source, row_sep: "\r\n") # Raised MalformedCSVError
-  source = "foo,1\rbar,1\rbaz,2\r"
-  CSV.parse(source, row_sep: "\r\n") # Raised MalformedCSVError
-  source = "foo,1\n\rbar,1\n\rbaz,2\n\r"
-  CSV.parse(source, row_sep: "\r\n") # Raised MalformedCSVError
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Row Separator
-
-For data with non-compliant row separators, use option +:row_sep+.
-This example source uses semicolon (<tt>";"</tt>) as its row separator:
-  source = "foo,1;bar,1;baz,2;"
-  CSV.parse(source, row_sep: ';') # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-==== Column Separator
-
-RFC 4180 specifies column separator COMMA (Ruby <tt>","</tt>).
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Compliant Column Separator
-
-Because the \CSV default comma separator is ',',
-you need not specify option +:col_sep+ for compliant data:
-  source = "foo,1\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  CSV.parse(source) # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Column Separator
-
-For data with non-compliant column separators, use option +:col_sep+.
-This example source uses TAB (<tt>"\t"</tt>) as its column separator:
-  source = "foo,1\tbar,1\tbaz,2"
-  CSV.parse(source, col_sep: "\t") # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-==== Quote Character
-
-RFC 4180 specifies quote character DQUOTE (Ruby <tt>"\""</tt>).
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Compliant Quote Character
-
-Because the \CSV default quote character is <tt>"\""</tt>,
-you need not specify option +:quote_char+ for compliant data:
-  source = "\"foo\",\"1\"\n\"bar\",\"1\"\n\"baz\",\"2\"\n"
-  CSV.parse(source) # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Non-Compliant Quote Character
-
-For data with non-compliant quote characters, use option +:quote_char+.
-This example source uses SQUOTE (<tt>"'"</tt>) as its quote character:
-  source = "'foo','1'\n'bar','1'\n'baz','2'\n"
-  CSV.parse(source, quote_char: "'") # => [["foo", "1"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-==== Recipe: Allow Liberal Parsing
-
-Use option +:liberal_parsing+ to specify that \CSV should
-attempt to parse input not conformant with RFC 4180, such as double quotes in unquoted fields:
-  source = 'is,this "three, or four",fields'
-  CSV.parse(source) # Raises MalformedCSVError
-  CSV.parse(source, liberal_parsing: true) # => [["is", "this \"three", " or four\"", "fields"]]
-
-=== Special Handling
-
-You can use parsing options to specify special handling for certain lines and fields.
-
-==== Special Line Handling
-
-Use parsing options to specify special handling for blank lines, or for other selected lines.
-
-===== Recipe: Ignore Blank Lines
-
-Use option +:skip_blanks+ to ignore blank lines:
-  source = <<-EOT
-  foo,0
-
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-
-  ,
-  EOT
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, skip_blanks: true)
-  parsed # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"], [nil, nil]]
-
-===== Recipe: Ignore Selected Lines
-
-Use option +:skip_lines+ to ignore selected lines.
-  source = <<-EOT
-  # Comment
-  foo,0
-  bar,1
-  baz,2
-  # Another comment
-  EOT
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, skip_lines: /^#/)
-  parsed # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-
-==== Special Field Handling
-
-Use parsing options to specify special handling for certain field values.
-
-===== Recipe: Strip Fields
-
-Use option +:strip+ to strip parsed field values:
-  CSV.parse_line(' a , b ', strip: true) # => ["a", "b"]
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Null Fields
-
-Use option +:nil_value+ to specify a value that will replace each field
-that is null (no text):
-  CSV.parse_line('a,,b,,c', nil_value: 0) # => ["a", 0, "b", 0, "c"]
-
-===== Recipe: Handle Empty Fields
-
-Use option +:empty_value+ to specify a value that will replace each field
-that is empty (\String of length 0);
-  CSV.parse_line('a,"",b,"",c', empty_value: 'x') # => ["a", "x", "b", "x", "c"]
-
-=== Converting Fields
-
-You can use field converters to change parsed \String fields into other objects,
-or to otherwise modify the \String fields.
-
-==== Converting Fields to Objects
-
-Use field converters to change parsed \String objects into other, more specific, objects.
-
-There are built-in field converters for converting to objects of certain classes:
-- \Float
-- \Integer
-- \Date
-- \DateTime
-
-Other built-in field converters include:
-- +:numeric+: converts to \Integer and \Float.
-- +:all+: converts to \DateTime, \Integer, \Float.
-
-You can also define field converters to convert to objects of other classes.
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to Integers
-
-Convert fields to \Integer objects using built-in converter +:integer+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :integer)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Value'].class} # => [Integer, Integer, Integer]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to Floats
-
-Convert fields to \Float objects using built-in converter +:float+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :float)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Value'].class} # => [Float, Float, Float]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to Numerics
-
-Convert fields to \Integer and \Float objects using built-in converter +:numeric+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1.1\nbaz,2.2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :numeric)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Value'].class} # => [Integer, Float, Float]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to Dates
-
-Convert fields to \Date objects using built-in converter +:date+:
-  source = "Name,Date\nfoo,2001-02-03\nbar,2001-02-04\nbaz,2001-02-03\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :date)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Date'].class} # => [Date, Date, Date]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to DateTimes
-
-Convert fields to \DateTime objects using built-in converter +:date_time+:
-  source = "Name,DateTime\nfoo,2001-02-03\nbar,2001-02-04\nbaz,2020-05-07T14:59:00-05:00\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :date_time)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['DateTime'].class} # => [DateTime, DateTime, DateTime]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Assorted Fields to Objects
-
-Convert assorted fields to objects using built-in converter +:all+:
-  source = "Type,Value\nInteger,0\nFloat,1.0\nDateTime,2001-02-04\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :all)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Value'].class} # => [Integer, Float, DateTime]
-
-===== Recipe: Convert Fields to Other Objects
-
-Define a custom field converter to convert \String fields into other objects.
-This example defines and uses a custom field converter
-that converts each column-1 value to a \Rational object:
-  rational_converter = proc do |field, field_context|
-    field_context.index == 1 ? field.to_r : field
-  end
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: rational_converter)
-  parsed.map {|row| row['Value'].class} # => [Rational, Rational, Rational]
-
-==== Recipe: Filter Field Strings
-
-Define a custom field converter to modify \String fields.
-This example defines and uses a custom field converter
-that strips whitespace from each field value:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field| field.strip }
-  source = "Name,Value\n foo , 0 \n bar , 1 \n baz , 2 \n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: strip_converter)
-  parsed['Name'] # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
-  parsed['Value'] # => ["0", "1", "2"]
-
-==== Recipe: Register Field Converters
-
-Register a custom field converter, assigning it a name;
-then refer to the converter by its name:
-  rational_converter = proc do |field, field_context|
-    field_context.index == 1 ? field.to_r : field
-  end
-  CSV::Converters[:rational] = rational_converter
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :rational)
-  parsed['Value'] # => [(0/1), (1/1), (2/1)]
-
-==== Using Multiple Field Converters
-
-You can use multiple field converters in either of these ways:
-- Specify converters in option +:converters+.
-- Specify converters in a custom converter list.
-
-===== Recipe: Specify Multiple Field Converters in Option +:converters+
-
-Apply multiple field converters by specifying them in option +:converters+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1.0\nbaz,2.0\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: [:integer, :float])
-  parsed['Value'] # => [0, 1.0, 2.0]
-
-===== Recipe: Specify Multiple Field Converters in a Custom Converter List
-
-Apply multiple field converters by defining and registering a custom converter list:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field| field.strip }
-  CSV::Converters[:strip] = strip_converter
-  CSV::Converters[:my_converters] = [:integer, :float, :strip]
-  source = "Name,Value\n foo , 0 \n bar , 1.0 \n baz , 2.0 \n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, converters: :my_converters)
-  parsed['Name'] # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
-  parsed['Value'] # => [0, 1.0, 2.0]
-
-=== Converting Headers
-
-You can use header converters to modify parsed \String headers.
-
-Built-in header converters include:
-- +:symbol+: converts \String header to \Symbol.
-- +:downcase+: converts \String header to lowercase.
-
-You can also define header converters to otherwise modify header \Strings.
-
-==== Recipe: Convert Headers to Lowercase
-
-Convert headers to lowercase using built-in converter +:downcase+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: :downcase)
-  parsed.headers # => ["name", "value"]
-
-==== Recipe: Convert Headers to Symbols
-
-Convert headers to downcased Symbols using built-in converter +:symbol+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: :symbol)
-  parsed.headers # => [:name, :value]
-  parsed.headers.map {|header| header.class} # => [Symbol, Symbol]
-
-==== Recipe: Filter Header Strings
-
-Define a custom header converter to modify \String fields.
-This example defines and uses a custom header converter
-that capitalizes each header \String:
-  capitalize_converter = proc {|header| header.capitalize }
-  source = "NAME,VALUE\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: capitalize_converter)
-  parsed.headers # => ["Name", "Value"]
-
-==== Recipe: Register Header Converters
-
-Register a custom header converter, assigning it a name;
-then refer to the converter by its name:
-  capitalize_converter = proc {|header| header.capitalize }
-  CSV::HeaderConverters[:capitalize] = capitalize_converter
-  source = "NAME,VALUE\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: :capitalize)
-  parsed.headers # => ["Name", "Value"]
-
-==== Using Multiple Header Converters
-
-You can use multiple header converters in either of these ways:
-- Specify header converters in option +:header_converters+.
-- Specify header converters in a custom header converter list.
-
-===== Recipe: Specify Multiple Header Converters in Option :header_converters
-
-Apply multiple header converters by specifying them in option +:header_converters+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1.0\nbaz,2.0\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: [:downcase, :symbol])
-  parsed.headers # => [:name, :value]
-
-===== Recipe: Specify Multiple Header Converters in a Custom Header Converter List
-
-Apply multiple header converters by defining and registering a custom header converter list:
-  CSV::HeaderConverters[:my_header_converters] = [:symbol, :downcase]
-  source = "NAME,VALUE\nfoo,0\nbar,1.0\nbaz,2.0\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, headers: true, header_converters: :my_header_converters)
-  parsed.headers # => [:name, :value]
-
-=== Diagnostics
-
-==== Recipe: Capture Unconverted Fields
-
-To capture unconverted field values, use option +:unconverted_fields+:
-  source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, converters: :integer, unconverted_fields: true)
-  parsed # => [["Name", "Value"], ["foo", 0], ["bar", 1], ["baz", 2]]
-  parsed.each {|row| p row.unconverted_fields }
-Output:
-  ["Name", "Value"]
-  ["foo", "0"]
-  ["bar", "1"]
-  ["baz", "2"]
-
-==== Recipe: Capture Field Info
-
-To capture field info in a custom converter, accept two block arguments.
-The first is the field value; the second is a +CSV::FieldInfo+ object:
-  strip_converter = proc {|field, field_info| p field_info; field.strip }
-  source = " foo , 0 \n bar , 1 \n baz , 2 \n"
-  parsed = CSV.parse(source, converters: strip_converter)
-  parsed # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", "2"]]
-Output:
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=0, line=1, header=nil>
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=1, line=1, header=nil>
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=0, line=2, header=nil>
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=1, line=2, header=nil>
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=0, line=3, header=nil>
-  #<struct CSV::FieldInfo index=1, line=3, header=nil>
diff --git a/doc/csv/recipes/recipes.rdoc b/doc/csv/recipes/recipes.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bf7885b1e..0000000000
--- a/doc/csv/recipes/recipes.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-== Recipes for \CSV
-
-The recipes are specific code examples for specific tasks. See:
-- {Recipes for Parsing CSV}[./parsing_rdoc.html]
-- {Recipes for Generating CSV}[./generating_rdoc.html]
-- {Recipes for Filtering CSV}[./filtering_rdoc.html]
diff --git a/doc/date/calendars.rdoc b/doc/date/calendars.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e6fd8334b..0000000000
--- a/doc/date/calendars.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-== Julian and Gregorian Calendars
-
-The difference between the
-{Julian calendar}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar]
-and the
-{Gregorian calendar}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar]
-may matter to your program if it uses dates before the switchovers.
-
-- October 15, 1582.
-- September 14, 1752.
-
-A date will be different in the two calendars, in general.
-
-=== Different switchover dates
-
-The reasons for the difference are religious/political histories.
-
-- On October 15, 1582, several countries changed
-  from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar;
-  these included Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain.
-  Other countries in the Western world retained the Julian calendar.
-- On September 14, 1752, most of the British empire
-  changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
-
-When your code uses a date before these switchover dates,
-it will matter whether it considers the switchover date
-to be the earlier date or the later date (or neither).
-
-See also {a concrete example here}[rdoc-ref:DateTime@When+should+you+use+DateTime+and+when+should+you+use+Time-3F].
-
-=== Argument +start+
-
-Certain methods in class \Date handle differences in the
-{Julian and Gregorian calendars}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Julian+and+Gregorian+Calendars]
-by accepting an optional argument +start+, whose value may be:
-
-- Date::ITALY (the default): the created date is Julian
-  if before October 15, 1582, Gregorian otherwise:
-
-      d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15)
-      d.prev_day.julian? # => true
-      d.julian?          # => false
-      d.gregorian?       # => true
-
-- Date::ENGLAND: the created date is Julian if before September 14, 1752,
-  Gregorian otherwise:
-
-    d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::ENGLAND)
-    d.prev_day.julian? # => true
-    d.julian?          # => false
-    d.gregorian?       # => true
-
-- Date::JULIAN: the created date is Julian regardless of its value:
-
-    d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15, Date::JULIAN)
-    d.julian? # => true
-
-- Date::GREGORIAN: the created date is Gregorian regardless of its value:
-
-    d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::GREGORIAN)
-    d.prev_day.gregorian? # => true
-
diff --git a/doc/distribution.md b/doc/distribution.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a4d51da6f..0000000000
--- a/doc/distribution.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# Distribution
-
-This document outlines the expected way to distribute Ruby, with a specific focus on building Ruby packages.
-
-## Getting the Ruby Tarball
-
-### Official Releases
-
-The tarball for official releases is created by the release manager. The release manager uploads the tarball to the [Ruby website](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/).
-
-Downstream distributors should use the official release tarballs as part of their build process. This ensures that the tarball is created in a consistent way, and that the tarball is crytographically verified.
-
-### Using the nightly tarball for testing
-
-See the Snapshots section of the [Ruby website](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/).
-
-### Building a manual snapshot tarball for testing
-
-This can be useful if the nightly tarball does not have all changes yet.
-
-At Ruby source tree cloned using git:
-
-```console
-$ ./autogen.sh
-$ ./configure -C
-$ make
-$ make dist
-```
-
-This will create several tarball in the `tmp` directory. The tarball will be named e.g. `ruby-<version>.tar.gz` (several different compression formats will be generated).
-
-## Building the Tarball
-
-See [Building Ruby](contributing/building_ruby.md).
-
-## Updating the Ruby Standard Library
-
-The Ruby standard library is a collection of Ruby files that are included with Ruby. These files are used to provide the basic functionality of Ruby. The standard library is located in the `lib` directory and is distributed as part of the Ruby tarball.
-
-Occasionally, the standard library needs to be updated, for example a security issue might be found in a default gem or standard gem. There are two main ways that Ruby would update this code.
-
-### Releasing an Updated Ruby Gem
-
-Normally, the Ruby gem maintainer will release an updated gem. This gem can be installed alongside the default gem. This allows the user to update the gem without having to update Ruby.
-
-### Releasing a New Ruby Version
-
-If the update is critical, then the Ruby maintainers may decide to release a new version of Ruby. This new version will include the updated standard library.
diff --git a/doc/distribution/distribution.md b/doc/distribution/distribution.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0e4ad354b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/distribution/distribution.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Distribution
+
+This document outlines the expected way to distribute Ruby, with a specific focus on building Ruby packages.
+
+## Getting the Ruby Tarball
+
+### Official Releases
+
+The tarball for official releases is created by the release manager. The release manager uploads the tarball to the [Ruby website](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/).
+
+Downstream distributors should use the official release tarballs as part of their build process. This ensures that the tarball is created in a consistent way, and that the tarball is cryptographically verified.
+
+### Using the nightly tarball for testing
+
+See the Snapshots section of the [Ruby website](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/).
+
+### Building a manual snapshot tarball for testing
+
+This can be useful if the nightly tarball does not have all changes yet.
+
+At Ruby source tree cloned using git:
+
+```console
+$ ./autogen.sh
+$ ./configure -C
+$ make
+$ make dist
+```
+
+This will create several tarball in the `tmp` directory. The tarball will be named e.g. `ruby-<version>.tar.gz` (several different compression formats will be generated).
+
+## Building the Tarball
+
+See [Building Ruby](../contributing/building_ruby.md).
+
+## Updating the Ruby Standard Library
+
+The Ruby standard library is a collection of Ruby files that are included with Ruby. These files are used to provide the basic functionality of Ruby. The standard library is located in the `lib` directory and is distributed as part of the Ruby tarball.
+
+Occasionally, the standard library needs to be updated, for example a security issue might be found in a default gem or standard gem. There are two main ways that Ruby would update this code.
+
+### Releasing an Updated Ruby Gem
+
+Normally, the Ruby gem maintainer will release an updated gem. This gem can be installed alongside the default gem. This allows the user to update the gem without having to update Ruby.
+
+### Releasing a New Ruby Version
+
+If the update is critical, then the Ruby maintainers may decide to release a new version of Ruby. This new version will include the updated standard library.
diff --git a/doc/distribution/windows.md b/doc/distribution/windows.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26a727d7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/distribution/windows.md
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# Windows
+
+Ruby supports a few native build platforms for Windows.
+
+* mswin: Build using Microsoft Visual C++ compiler with vcruntimeXXX.dll
+* mingw-msvcrt: Build using compiler for Mingw with msvcrtXX.dll
+* mingw-ucrt: Build using compiler for Mingw with Windows Universal CRT
+
+## Building Ruby using Mingw with UCRT
+
+The easiest build environment is just a standard [RubyInstaller-Devkit]
+installation and [git-for-windows]. You might like to use [VSCode] as an
+editor.
+
+### Build examples
+
+Ruby core development can be done either in Windows `cmd` like:
+
+```batch
+ridk install
+ridk enable ucrt64
+
+pacman -S --needed %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-openssl %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-libyaml %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-libffi
+
+mkdir c:\work\ruby
+cd /d c:\work\ruby
+
+git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby src
+
+sh ./src/autogen.sh
+
+mkdir build
+cd build
+sh ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc
+make
+```
+
+or in MSYS2 `bash` like:
+
+```bash
+ridk install
+ridk enable ucrt64
+bash
+
+pacman -S --needed $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-openssl $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-libyaml $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-libffi
+
+mkdir /c/work/ruby
+cd /c/work/ruby
+
+git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby src
+
+./src/autogen.sh
+cd build
+../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc
+make
+```
+
+If you have other MSYS2 environment via other package manager like `scoop`, you need to specify `$MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX` is `mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64`.
+And you need to add `--with-opt-dir` option to `configure` command like:
+
+```batch
+sh ../../ruby/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-opt-dir=C:\Users\username\scoop\apps\msys2\current\ucrt64
+```
+
+[RubyInstaller-Devkit]: https://rubyinstaller.org/
+[git-for-windows]: https://gitforwindows.org/
+[VSCode]: https://code.visualstudio.com/
+
+## Building Ruby using Visual C++
+
+### Requirement
+
+1.  Windows 10/Windows Server 2016 or later.
+
+2.  Visual C++ 14.0 (2015) or later.
+
+    **Note** if you want to build x64 version, use native compiler for
+    x64.
+
+    The minimum requirement is here:
+      * VC++/MSVC on VS 2017/2019/2022 version build tools.
+      * Windows 10/11 SDK
+
+    You can install Visual Studio Build Tools with `winget`.
+    `win32\install-buildtools.cmd` is a batch file to install the
+    minimum requirements excluding the IDE etc.
+
+3.  Please set environment variable `INCLUDE`, `LIB`, `PATH` to run
+    required commands properly from the command line.  These are set
+    properly by `vsdevcmd.bat` or `vcvarall*.bat` usually. You can run
+    the following command to set them in your command line.
+
+    To native build:
+
+    ```
+    cmd /k win32\vssetup.cmd
+    ```
+
+    To cross build arm64 binary:
+
+    ```
+    cmd /k win32\vssetup.cmd -arch=arm64
+    ```
+
+    To cross build x64 binary:
+
+    ```
+    cmd /k win32\vssetup.cmd -arch=x64
+    ```
+
+    This batch file is a wrapper of `vsdevcmd.bat` and options are
+    passed to it as-is.  `win32\vssetup.cmd -help` for other command
+    line options.
+
+    **Note** building ruby requires following commands.
+
+    * `nmake`
+    * `cl`
+    * `ml`
+    * `lib`
+    * `dumpbin`
+
+4.  If you want to build from GIT source, following commands are required.
+    * `git`
+    * `ruby` 3.1 or later
+
+    You can use [scoop](https://scoop.sh/) to install them like:
+
+    ```batch
+    scoop install git ruby
+    ```
+
+    The windows version of `git` configured with `autocrlf` is `true`. The Ruby
+    test suite may fail with `autocrlf` set to `true`. You can set it to `false`
+    like:
+
+    ```batch
+    git config --global core.autocrlf false
+    ```
+
+5.  You need to install required libraries using [vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/) on
+    directory of ruby repository like:
+
+    ```batch
+    vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install
+    ```
+
+6.  Enable Command Extension of your command line.  It's the default behavior
+    of `cmd.exe`.  If you want to enable it explicitly, run `cmd.exe` with
+    `/E:ON` option.
+
+### How to compile and install
+
+1.  Execute `win32\configure.bat` on your build directory.
+    You can specify the target platform as an argument.
+    For example, run `configure --target=i686-mswin32`.
+    You can also specify the install directory.
+    For example, run `configure --prefix=<install_directory>`.
+    Default of the install directory is `/usr` .
+
+2.  If you want to append to the executable and DLL file names,
+    specify `--program-prefix` and `--program-suffix`, like
+    `win32\configure.bat --program-suffix=-$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)`.
+
+    Also, the `--install-name` and `--so-name` options specify the
+    exact base names of the executable and DLL files, respectively,
+    like `win32\configure.bat --install-name=$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)-$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)`.
+
+    By default, the name for the executable without a console window
+    is generated from the _RUBY_INSTALL_NAME_ specified as above by
+    replacing `ruby` with `rubyw`.  If you want to make it different
+    more, modify _RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME_ directly in the Makefile.
+
+3.  You need specify vcpkg directory to use `--with-opt-dir`
+    option like `win32\configure.bat --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg_installed/x64-windows`
+
+4.  Run `nmake up` if you are building from GIT source.
+
+5.  Run `nmake`
+
+6.  Run `nmake prepare-vcpkg` with administrator privilege if you need to
+    copy vcpkg installed libraries like `libssl-3-x64.dll` to the build directory.
+
+7.  Run `nmake check`
+
+8.  Run `nmake install`
+
+### Build examples
+
+* Build on the ruby source directory.
+
+    ```
+    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
+    build directory:        C:\ruby
+    install directory:      C:\usr\local
+    ```
+
+    ```batch
+    C:
+    cd \ruby
+    win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
+    nmake
+    nmake check
+    nmake install
+    ```
+
+* Build on the relative directory from the ruby source directory.
+
+    ```
+    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
+    build directory:        C:\ruby\mswin32
+    install directory:      C:\usr\local
+    ```
+
+    ```batch
+    C:
+    cd \ruby
+    mkdir mswin32
+    cd mswin32
+    ..\win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
+    nmake
+    nmake check
+    nmake install
+    ```
+
+* Build on the different drive.
+
+    ```
+    ruby source directory:  C:\src\ruby
+    build directory:        D:\build\ruby
+    install directory:      C:\usr\local
+    ```
+
+    ```batch
+    D:
+    cd D:\build\ruby
+    C:\src\ruby\win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
+    nmake
+    nmake check
+    nmake install DESTDIR=C:
+    ```
+
+* Build x64 version (requires native x64 VC++ compiler)
+
+    ```
+    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
+    build directory:        C:\ruby
+    install directory:      C:\usr\local
+    ```
+
+    ```batch
+    C:
+    cd \ruby
+    win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local --target=x64-mswin64
+    nmake
+    nmake check
+    nmake install
+    ```
+
+### Bugs
+
+You can **NOT** use a path name that contains any white space characters
+as the ruby source directory, this restriction comes from the behavior
+of `!INCLUDE` directives of `NMAKE`.
+
+You can build ruby in any directory including the source directory,
+except `win32` directory in the source directory.
+This is restriction originating in the path search method of `NMAKE`.
+
+### Dependency management
+
+Ruby uses [vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/) to manage dependencies on mswin platform.
+
+You can update and install it under the build directory like:
+
+```batch
+nmake update-vcpkg # Update baseline version of vcpkg
+nmake install-vcpkg # Install vcpkg from build directory
+```
+
+
+## Icons
+
+Any icon files(`*.ico`) in the build directory, directories specified with
+_icondirs_ make variable and `win32` directory under the ruby
+source directory will be included in DLL or executable files, according
+to their base names.
+
+    $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).ico or ruby.ico   --> $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).exe
+    $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).ico or rubyw.ico --> $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).exe
+    the others                             --> $(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll
+
+Although no icons are distributed with the ruby source, you can use
+anything you like. You will be able to find many images by search engines.
+For example, followings are made from [Ruby logo kit]:
+
+* Small [favicon] in the official site
+
+* [vit-ruby.ico] or [icon itself]
+
+[Ruby logo kit]: https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/misc/logo/ruby-logo-kit.zip
+[favicon]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/favicon.ico
+[vit-ruby.ico]: http://ruby.morphball.net/vit-ruby-ico_en.html
+[icon itself]: http://ruby.morphball.net/icon/vit-ruby.ico
diff --git a/doc/encodings.rdoc b/doc/encodings.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index eaee2efd62..0000000000
--- a/doc/encodings.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,482 +0,0 @@
-= Encodings
-
-== The Basics
-
-A {character encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding],
-often shortened to _encoding_, is a mapping between:
-
-- A sequence of 8-bit bytes (each byte in the range <tt>0..255</tt>).
-- Characters in a specific character set.
-
-Some character sets contain only 1-byte characters;
-{US-ASCII}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII], for example, has 256 1-byte characters.
-This string, encoded in US-ASCII, has six characters that are stored as six bytes:
-
-  s = 'Hello!'.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII)  # => "Hello!"
-  s.encoding                               # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-  s.bytes                                  # => [72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 33]
-
-Other encodings may involve multi-byte characters.
-{UTF-8}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8], for example,
-encodes more than one million characters, encoding each in one to four bytes.
-The lowest-valued of these characters correspond to ASCII characters,
-and so are 1-byte characters:
-
-  s = 'Hello!' # => "Hello!"
-  s.bytes      # => [72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 33]
-
-Other characters, such as the Euro symbol, are multi-byte:
-
-  s = "\u20ac" # => "€"
-  s.bytes      # => [226, 130, 172]
-
-== The \Encoding Class
-
-=== \Encoding Objects
-
-Ruby encodings are defined by constants in class \Encoding.
-There can be only one instance of \Encoding for each of these constants.
-Method Encoding.list returns an array of \Encoding objects (one for each constant):
-
-  Encoding.list.size        # => 103
-  Encoding.list.first.class # => Encoding
-  Encoding.list.take(3)
-  # => [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:US-ASCII>]
-
-=== Names and Aliases
-
-Method Encoding#name returns the name of an \Encoding:
-
-  Encoding::ASCII_8BIT.name  # => "ASCII-8BIT"
-  Encoding::WINDOWS_31J.name # => "Windows-31J"
-
-An \Encoding object has zero or more aliases;
-method Encoding#names returns an array containing the name and all aliases:
-
-  Encoding::ASCII_8BIT.names
-  # => ["ASCII-8BIT", "BINARY"]
-  Encoding::WINDOWS_31J.names
-  #=> ["Windows-31J", "CP932", "csWindows31J", "SJIS", "PCK"]
-
-Method Encoding.aliases returns a hash of all alias/name pairs:
-
-  Encoding.aliases.size # => 71
-  Encoding.aliases.take(3)
-  # => [["BINARY", "ASCII-8BIT"], ["CP437", "IBM437"], ["CP720", "IBM720"]]
-
-Method Encoding.name_list returns an array of all the encoding names and aliases:
-
-  Encoding.name_list.size # => 175
-  Encoding.name_list.take(3)
-  # => ["ASCII-8BIT", "UTF-8", "US-ASCII"]
-
-Method +name_list+ returns more entries than method +list+
-because it includes both the names and their aliases.
-
-Method Encoding.find returns the \Encoding for a given name or alias, if it exists:
-
-  Encoding.find("US-ASCII")       # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-  Encoding.find("US-ASCII").class # => Encoding
-
-=== Default Encodings
-
-Method Encoding.find, above, also returns a default \Encoding
-for each of these special names:
-
-- +external+: the default external \Encoding:
-
-    Encoding.find("external") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-- +internal+: the default internal \Encoding (may be +nil+):
-
-    Encoding.find("internal") # => nil
-
-- +locale+: the default \Encoding for a string from the environment:
-
-    Encoding.find("locale") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>  # Linux
-    Encoding.find("locale") # => #<Encoding:IBM437> # Windows
-
-- +filesystem+: the default \Encoding for a string from the filesystem:
-
-    Encoding.find("filesystem") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-Method Encoding.default_external returns the default external \Encoding:
-
-  Encoding.default_external # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-Method Encoding.default_external= sets that value:
-
-  Encoding.default_external = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-  Encoding.default_external                      # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-
-Method Encoding.default_internal returns the default internal \Encoding:
-
-  Encoding.default_internal # => nil
-
-Method Encoding.default_internal= sets the default internal \Encoding:
-
-  Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-  Encoding.default_internal                      # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-
-=== Compatible Encodings
-
-Method Encoding.compatible? returns whether two given objects are encoding-compatible
-(that is, whether they can be concatenated);
-returns the \Encoding of the concatenated string, or +nil+ if incompatible:
-
-  rus = "\u{442 435 441 442}"
-  eng = 'text'
-  Encoding.compatible?(rus, eng) # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-  s0 = "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_8859_1) # => "\xA1\xA1"
-  s1 = "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::EUCJP)      # => "\x{A1A1}"
-  Encoding.compatible?(s0, s1)                         # => nil
-
-== \String \Encoding
-
-A Ruby String object has an encoding that is an instance of class \Encoding.
-The encoding may be retrieved by method String#encoding.
-
-The default encoding for a string literal is the script encoding;
-see {Script Encoding}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Script+Encoding].
-
-  's'.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-The default encoding for a string created with method String.new is:
-
-- For no argument, ASCII-8BIT.
-- For a \String object argument, the encoding of that string.
-- For a string literal, the script encoding;
-  see {Script Encoding}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Script+Encoding].
-
-In either case, any encoding may be specified:
-
-  s = String.new(encoding: Encoding::UTF_8)         # => ""
-  s.encoding                                        # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-  s = String.new('foo', encoding: Encoding::BINARY) # => "foo"
-  s.encoding                                        # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
-
-The encoding for a string may be changed:
-
-  s = "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"              # => "Résumé"
-  s.encoding                              # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-  s.force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_8859_1)  # => "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"
-  s.encoding                              # => #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
-
-Changing the assigned encoding does not alter the content of the string;
-it changes only the way the content is to be interpreted:
-
-  s                                 # => "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"
-  s.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) # => "Résumé"
-
-The actual content of a string may also be altered;
-see {Transcoding a String}[#label-Transcoding+a+String].
-
-Here are a couple of useful query methods:
-
-  s = "abc".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)         # => "abc"
-  s.ascii_only?                                     # => true
-  s = "abc\u{6666}".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) # => "abc晦"
-  s.ascii_only?                                     # => false
-
-  s = "\xc2\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)    # => "¡"
-  s.valid_encoding?                                 # => true
-  s = "\xc2".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)        # => "\xC2"
-  s.valid_encoding?                                 # => false
-
-== \Symbol and \Regexp Encodings
-
-The string stored in a Symbol or Regexp object also has an encoding;
-the encoding may be retrieved by method Symbol#encoding or Regexp#encoding.
-
-The default encoding for these, however, is:
-
-- US-ASCII, if all characters are US-ASCII.
-- The script encoding, otherwise;
-  see (Script Encoding)[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Script+Encoding].
-
-== Filesystem \Encoding
-
-The filesystem encoding is the default \Encoding for a string from the filesystem:
-
-    Encoding.find("filesystem") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-== Locale \Encoding
-
-The locale encoding is the default encoding for a string from the environment,
-other than from the filesystem:
-
-  Encoding.find('locale') # => #<Encoding:IBM437>
-
-== Stream Encodings
-
-Certain stream objects can have two encodings; these objects include instances of:
-
-- IO.
-- File.
-- ARGF.
-- StringIO.
-
-The two encodings are:
-
-- An _external_ _encoding_, which identifies the encoding of the stream.
-- An _internal_ _encoding_, which (if not +nil+) specifies the encoding
-  to be used for the string constructed from the stream.
-
-=== External \Encoding
-
-The external encoding, which is an \Encoding object, specifies how bytes read
-from the stream are to be interpreted as characters.
-
-The default external encoding is:
-
-- UTF-8 for a text stream.
-- ASCII-8BIT for a binary stream.
-
-The default external encoding is returned by method Encoding.default_external,
-and may be set by:
-
-- Ruby command-line options <tt>--external_encoding</tt> or <tt>-E</tt>.
-
-You can also set the default external encoding using method Encoding.default_external=,
-but doing so may cause problems; strings created before and after the change
-may have a different encodings.
-
-For an \IO or \File object, the external encoding may be set by:
-
-- Open options +external_encoding+ or +encoding+, when the object is created;
-  see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
-
-For an \IO, \File, \ARGF, or \StringIO object, the external encoding may be set by:
-
-- Methods +set_encoding+ or (except for \ARGF) +set_encoding_by_bom+.
-
-=== Internal \Encoding
-
-The internal encoding, which is an \Encoding object or +nil+,
-specifies how characters read from the stream
-are to be converted to characters in the internal encoding;
-those characters become a string whose encoding is set to the internal encoding.
-
-The default internal encoding is +nil+ (no conversion).
-It is returned by method Encoding.default_internal,
-and may be set by:
-
-- Ruby command-line options <tt>--internal_encoding</tt> or <tt>-E</tt>.
-
-You can also set the default internal encoding using method Encoding.default_internal=,
-but doing so may cause problems; strings created before and after the change
-may have a different encodings.
-
-For an \IO or \File object, the internal encoding may be set by:
-
-- Open options +internal_encoding+ or +encoding+, when the object is created;
-  see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
-
-For an \IO, \File, \ARGF, or \StringIO object, the internal encoding may be set by:
-
-- Method +set_encoding+.
-
-== Script \Encoding
-
-A Ruby script has a script encoding, which may be retrieved by:
-
-  __ENCODING__ # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
-
-The default script encoding is UTF-8;
-a Ruby source file may set its script encoding with a magic comment
-on the first line of the file (or second line, if there is a shebang on the first).
-The comment must contain the word +coding+ or +encoding+,
-followed by a colon, space and the Encoding name or alias:
-
-  # encoding: ISO-8859-1
-  __ENCODING__ #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
-
-== Transcoding
-
-_Transcoding_ is the process of changing a sequence of characters
-from one encoding to another.
-
-As far as possible, the characters remain the same,
-but the bytes that represent them may change.
-
-The handling for characters that cannot be represented in the destination encoding
-may be specified by @Encoding+Options.
-
-=== Transcoding a \String
-
-Each of these methods transcodes a string:
-
-- String#encode: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
-  according to given encodings and options.
-- String#encode!: Like String#encode, but transcodes +self+ in place.
-- String#scrub: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
-  by replacing invalid byte sequences with a given or default replacement string.
-- String#scrub!: Like String#scrub, but transcodes +self+ in place.
-- String#unicode_normalize: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
-  according to Unicode normalization.
-- String#unicode_normalize!: Like String#unicode_normalize,
-  but transcodes +self+ in place.
-
-== Transcoding a Stream
-
-Each of these methods may transcode a stream;
-whether it does so depends on the external and internal encodings:
-
-- IO.foreach: Yields each line of given stream to the block.
-- IO.new: Creates and returns a new \IO object for the given integer file descriptor.
-- IO.open: Creates a new \IO object.
-- IO.pipe: Creates a connected pair of reader and writer \IO objects.
-- IO.popen: Creates an \IO object to interact with a subprocess.
-- IO.read: Returns a string with all or a subset of bytes from the given stream.
-- IO.readlines: Returns an array of strings, which are the lines from the given stream.
-- IO.write: Writes a given string to the given stream.
-
-This example writes a string to a file, encoding it as ISO-8859-1,
-then reads the file into a new string, encoding it as UTF-8:
-
-  s = "R\u00E9sum\u00E9"
-  path = 't.tmp'
-  ext_enc = Encoding::ISO_8859_1
-  int_enc = Encoding::UTF_8
-
-  File.write(path, s, external_encoding: ext_enc)
-  raw_text = File.binread(path)
-
-  transcoded_text = File.read(path, external_encoding: ext_enc, internal_encoding: int_enc)
-
-  p raw_text
-  p transcoded_text
-
-Output:
-
-  "R\xE9sum\xE9"
-  "Résumé"
-
-== \Encoding Options
-
-A number of methods in the Ruby core accept keyword arguments as encoding options.
-
-Some of the options specify or utilize a _replacement_ _string_, to be used
-in certain transcoding operations.
-A replacement string may be in any encoding that can be converted
-to the encoding of the destination string.
-
-These keyword-value pairs specify encoding options:
-
-- For an invalid byte sequence:
-
-  - <tt>:invalid: nil</tt> (default): Raise exception.
-  - <tt>:invalid: :replace</tt>: Replace each invalid byte sequence
-    with the replacement string.
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = "\x80foo\x80"
-    s.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_3) # Raises Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError.
-    s.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_3, invalid: :replace) # => "?foo?"
-
-- For an undefined character:
-
-  - <tt>:undef: nil</tt> (default): Raise exception.
-  - <tt>:undef: :replace</tt>: Replace each undefined character
-    with the replacement string.
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = "\x80foo\x80"
-    "\x80".encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::BINARY) # Raises Encoding::UndefinedConversionError.
-    s.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::BINARY, undef: :replace) # => "�foo�"
-
-
-- Replacement string:
-
-  - <tt>:replace: nil</tt> (default): Set replacement string to default value:
-    <tt>"\uFFFD"</tt> ("�") for a Unicode encoding, <tt>'?'</tt> otherwise.
-  - <tt>:replace: _some_string_</tt>: Set replacement string to the given +some_string+;
-    overrides +:fallback+.
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = "\xA5foo\xA5"
-    options = {:undef => :replace, :replace => 'xyzzy'}
-    s.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::ISO_8859_3, **options) # => "xyzzyfooxyzzy"
-
-- Replacement fallback:
-
-  One of these may be specified:
-
-  - <tt>:fallback: nil</tt> (default): No replacement fallback.
-  - <tt>:fallback: _hash_like_object_</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
-    +hash_like_object+; the replacement string is <tt>_hash_like_object_[X]</tt>.
-  - <tt>:fallback: _method_</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
-    +method+; the replacement string is <tt>_method_(X)</tt>.
-  - <tt>:fallback: _proc_</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
-    +proc+; the replacement string is <tt>_proc_[X]</tt>.
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = "\u3042foo\u3043"
-
-    hash = {"\u3042" => 'xyzzy'}
-    hash.default = 'XYZZY'
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, fallback: hash) # => "xyzzyfooXYZZY"
-
-    def (fallback = "U+%.4X").escape(x)
-      self % x.unpack("U")
-    end
-    "\u{3042}".encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, fallback: fallback.method(:escape)) # => "U+3042"
-
-    proc = Proc.new {|x| x == "\u3042" ? 'xyzzy' : 'XYZZY' }
-    s.encode('ASCII', fallback: proc) # => "XYZZYfooXYZZY"
-
-- XML entities:
-
-  One of these may be specified:
-
-  - <tt>:xml: nil</tt> (default): No handling for XML entities.
-  - <tt>:xml: :text</tt>: Treat source text as XML;
-    replace each undefined character
-    with its upper-case hexdecimal numeric character reference,
-    except that:
-
-    - <tt>&</tt> is replaced with <tt>&amp;</tt>.
-    - <tt><</tt> is replaced with <tt>&lt;</tt>.
-    - <tt>></tt> is replaced with <tt>&gt;</tt>.
-
-  - <tt>:xml: :attr</tt>: Treat source text as XML attribute value;
-    replace each undefined character
-    with its upper-case hexdecimal numeric character reference,
-    except that:
-
-    - The replacement string <tt>r</tt> is double-quoted (<tt>"r"</tt>).
-    - Each embedded double-quote is replaced with <tt>&quot;</tt>.
-    - <tt>&</tt> is replaced with <tt>&amp;</tt>.
-    - <tt><</tt> is replaced with <tt>&lt;</tt>.
-    - <tt>></tt> is replaced with <tt>&gt;</tt>.
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = 'foo"<&>"bar' + "\u3042"
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, xml: :text) # => "foo\"&lt;&amp;&gt;\"bar&#x3042;"
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, xml: :attr) # => "\"foo&quot;&lt;&amp;&gt;&quot;bar&#x3042;\""
-
-
-- Newlines:
-
-  One of these may be specified:
-
-  - <tt>:cr_newline: true</tt>: Replace each line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>)
-    with a carriage-return character (<tt>"\r"</tt>).
-  - <tt>:crlf_newline: true</tt>: Replace each line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>)
-    with a carriage-return/line-feed string (<tt>"\r\n"</tt>).
-  - <tt>:universal_newline: true</tt>: Replace each carriage-return
-    character (<tt>"\r"</tt>) and each carriage-return/line-feed string
-    (<tt>"\r\n"</tt>) with a line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>).
-
-  Examples:
-
-    s = "\n \r \r\n"                                      # => "\n \r \r\n"
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, cr_newline: true)        # => "\r \r \r\r"
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, crlf_newline: true)      # => "\r\n \r \r\r\n"
-    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, universal_newline: true) # => "\n \n \n"
diff --git a/doc/examples/files.rdoc b/doc/examples/files.rdoc
index f736132770..cb400c81be 100644
--- a/doc/examples/files.rdoc
+++ b/doc/examples/files.rdoc
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ text = <<~EOT
   Fifth line
 EOT
 
-# Russian text.
-russian = "\u{442 435 441 442}" # => "тест"
+# Japanese text.
+japanese = 'こんにちは'
 
 # Binary data.
 data = "\u9990\u9991\u9992\u9993\u9994"
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ data = "\u9990\u9991\u9992\u9993\u9994"
 # Text file.
 File.write('t.txt', text)
 
-# File with Russian text.
-File.write('t.rus', russian)
+# File with Japanese text.
+File.write('t.ja', japanese)
 
 # File with binary data.
 f = File.new('t.dat', 'wb:UTF-16')
diff --git a/doc/exceptions.md b/doc/exceptions.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ffa4669a3b..0000000000
--- a/doc/exceptions.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,521 +0,0 @@
-# Exceptions
-
-Ruby code can raise exceptions.
-
-Most often, a raised exception is meant to alert the running program
-that an unusual (i.e., _exceptional_) situation has arisen,
-and may need to be handled.
-
-Code throughout the Ruby core, Ruby standard library, and Ruby gems generates exceptions
-in certain circumstances:
-
-```rb
-File.open('nope.txt') # Raises Errno::ENOENT: "No such file or directory"
-```
-
-## Raised Exceptions
-
-A raised exception transfers program execution, one way or another.
-
-### Unrescued Exceptions
-
-If an exception not _rescued_
-(see [Rescued Exceptions](#label-Rescued+Exceptions) below),
-execution transfers to code in the Ruby interpreter
-that prints a message and exits the program (or thread):
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e "raise"
--e:1:in '<main>': unhandled exception
-```
-
-### Rescued Exceptions
-
-An <i>exception handler</i> may determine what is to happen
-when an exception is raised;
-the handler may _rescue_ an exception,
-and may prevent the program from exiting.
-
-A simple example:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  raise 'Boom!'                # Raises an exception, transfers control.
-  puts 'Will not get here.'
-rescue
-  puts 'Rescued an exception.' # Control transferred to here; program does not exit.
-end
-puts 'Got here.'
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Rescued an exception.
-Got here.
-```
-
-An exception handler has several elements:
-
-| Element                     | Use                                                                                      |
-|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Begin clause.               | Begins the handler and contains the code whose raised exception, if any, may be rescued. |
-| One or more rescue clauses. | Each contains "rescuing" code, which is to be executed for certain exceptions.           |
-| Else clause (optional).     | Contains code to be executed if no exception is raised.                                  |
-| Ensure clause (optional).   | Contains code to be executed whether or not an exception is raised, or is rescued.       |
-| <tt>end</tt> statement.     | Ends the handler.  `                                                                     |
-
-#### Begin Clause
-
-The begin clause begins the exception handler:
-
-- May start with a `begin` statement;
-  see also [Begin-Less Exception Handlers](#label-Begin-Less+Exception+Handlers).
-- Contains code whose raised exception (if any) is covered
-  by the handler.
-- Ends with the first following `rescue` statement.
-
-#### Rescue Clauses
-
-A rescue clause:
-
-- Starts with a `rescue` statement.
-- Contains code that is to be executed for certain raised exceptions.
-- Ends with the first following `rescue`,
-  `else`, `ensure`, or `end` statement.
-
-##### Rescued Exceptions
-
-A `rescue` statement may include one or more classes
-that are to be rescued;
-if none is given, StandardError is assumed.
-
-The rescue clause rescues both the specified class
-(or StandardError if none given) or any of its subclasses;
-see [Built-In Exception Class Hierarchy](rdoc-ref:Exception@Built-In+Exception+Class+Hierarchy).
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0 # Raises ZeroDivisionError, a subclass of StandardError.
-rescue
-  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Rescued ZeroDivisionError
-```
-
-If the `rescue` statement specifies an exception class,
-only that class (or one of its subclasses) is rescued;
-this example exits with a ZeroDivisionError,
-which was not rescued because it is not ArgumentError or one of its subclasses:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0
-rescue ArgumentError
-  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
-end
-```
-
-A `rescue` statement may specify multiple classes,
-which means that its code rescues an exception
-of any of the given classes (or their subclasses):
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0
-rescue FloatDomainError, ZeroDivisionError
-  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
-end
-```
-
-##### Multiple Rescue Clauses
-
-An exception handler may contain multiple rescue clauses;
-in that case, the first clause that rescues the exception does so,
-and those before and after are ignored:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  Dir.open('nosuch')
-rescue Errno::ENOTDIR
-  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
-rescue Errno::ENOENT
-  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Rescued Errno::ENOENT
-```
-
-##### Capturing the Rescued \Exception
-
-A `rescue` statement may specify a variable
-whose value becomes the rescued exception
-(an instance of Exception or one of its subclasses:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0
-rescue => x
-  puts x.class
-  puts x.message
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-ZeroDivisionError
-divided by 0
-```
-
-##### Global Variables
-
-Two read-only global variables always have `nil` value
-except in a rescue clause;
-there:
-
-- `$!`: contains the rescued exception.
-- `$@`: contains its backtrace.
-
-Example:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0
-rescue
-  p $!
-  p $@
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-#<ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0>
-["t.rb:2:in 'Integer#/'", "t.rb:2:in '<main>'"]
-```
-
-##### Cause
-
-In a rescue clause, the method Exception#cause returns the previous value of `$!`,
-which may be `nil`;
-elsewhere, the method returns `nil`.
-
-Example:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  raise('Boom 0')
-rescue => x0
-  puts "Exception: #{x0.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x0.cause.inspect}."
-  begin
-    raise('Boom 1')
-  rescue => x1
-    puts "Exception: #{x1.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x1.cause.inspect}."
-    begin
-      raise('Boom 2')
-    rescue => x2
-      puts "Exception: #{x2.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x2.cause.inspect}."
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>;  cause: nil.
-Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>;  cause: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>.
-Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 2>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 2>;  cause: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>.
-```
-
-#### Else Clause
-
-The `else` clause:
-
-- Starts with an `else` statement.
-- Contains code that is to be executed if no exception is raised in the begin clause.
-- Ends with the first following `ensure` or `end` statement.
-
-```rb
-begin
-  puts 'Begin.'
-rescue
-  puts 'Rescued an exception!'
-else
-  puts 'No exception raised.'
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Begin.
-No exception raised.
-```
-
-#### Ensure Clause
-
-The ensure clause:
-
-- Starts with an `ensure` statement.
-- Contains code that is to be executed
-  regardless of whether an exception is raised,
-  and regardless of whether a raised exception is handled.
-- Ends with the first following `end` statement.
-
-```rb
-def foo(boom: false)
-  puts 'Begin.'
-  raise 'Boom!' if boom
-rescue
-  puts 'Rescued an exception!'
-else
-  puts 'No exception raised.'
-ensure
-  puts 'Always do this.'
-end
-
-foo(boom: true)
-foo(boom: false)
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-Begin.
-Rescued an exception!
-Always do this.
-Begin.
-No exception raised.
-Always do this.
-```
-
-#### End Statement
-
-The `end` statement ends the handler.
-
-Code following it is reached only if any raised exception is rescued.
-
-#### Begin-Less \Exception Handlers
-
-As seen above, an exception handler may be implemented with `begin` and `end`.
-
-An exception handler may also be implemented as:
-
-- A method body:
-
-    ```rb
-    def foo(boom: false) # Serves as beginning of exception handler.
-      puts 'Begin.'
-      raise 'Boom!' if boom
-    rescue
-      puts 'Rescued an exception!'
-    else
-      puts 'No exception raised.'
-    end                  # Serves as end of exception handler.
-    ```
-
-- A block:
-
-    ```rb
-    Dir.chdir('.') do |dir| # Serves as beginning of exception handler.
-      raise 'Boom!'
-    rescue
-      puts 'Rescued an exception!'
-    end                     # Serves as end of exception handler.
-    ```
-
-#### Re-Raising an \Exception
-
-It can be useful to rescue an exception, but allow its eventual effect;
-for example, a program can rescue an exception, log data about it,
-and then "reinstate" the exception.
-
-This may be done via the `raise` method, but in a special way;
-a rescuing clause:
-
-  - Captures an exception.
-  - Does whatever is needed concerning the exception (such as logging it).
-  - Calls method `raise` with no argument,
-    which raises the rescued exception:
-
-```rb
-begin
-  1 / 0
-rescue ZeroDivisionError
-  # Do needful things (like logging).
-  raise # Raised exception will be ZeroDivisionError, not RuntimeError.
-end
-```
-
-Output:
-
-```
-ruby t.rb
-t.rb:2:in 'Integer#/': divided by 0 (ZeroDivisionError)
-    from t.rb:2:in '<main>'
-```
-
-#### Retrying
-
-It can be useful to retry a begin clause;
-for example, if it must access a possibly-volatile resource
-(such as a web page),
-it can be useful to try the access more than once
-(in the hope that it may become available):
-
-```rb
-retries = 0
-begin
-  puts "Try ##{retries}."
-  raise 'Boom'
-rescue
-  puts "Rescued retry ##{retries}."
-  if (retries += 1) < 3
-    puts 'Retrying'
-    retry
-  else
-    puts 'Giving up.'
-    raise
-  end
-end
-```
-
-```
-Try #0.
-Rescued retry #0.
-Retrying
-Try #1.
-Rescued retry #1.
-Retrying
-Try #2.
-Rescued retry #2.
-Giving up.
-# RuntimeError ('Boom') raised.
-```
-
-Note that the retry re-executes the entire begin clause,
-not just the part after the point of failure.
-
-## Raising an \Exception
-
-Method Kernel#raise raises an exception.
-
-## Custom Exceptions
-
-To provide additional or alternate information,
-you may create custom exception classes.
-Each should be a subclass of one of the built-in exception classes
-(commonly StandardError or RuntimeError);
-see [Built-In Exception Class Hierarchy](rdoc-ref:Exception@Built-In+Exception+Class+Hierarchy).
-
-```rb
-class MyException < StandardError; end
-```
-
-## Messages
-
-Every `Exception` object has a message,
-which is a string that is set at the time the object is created;
-see Exception.new.
-
-The message cannot be changed, but you can create a similar object with a different message;
-see Exception#exception.
-
-This method returns the message as defined:
-
-- Exception#message.
-
-Two other methods return enhanced versions of the message:
-
-- Exception#detailed_message: adds exception class name, with optional highlighting.
-- Exception#full_message: adds exception class name and backtrace, with optional highlighting.
-
-Each of the two methods above accepts keyword argument `highlight`;
-if the value of keyword `highlight` is `true`,
-the returned string includes bolding and underlining ANSI codes (see below)
-to enhance the appearance of the message.
-
-Any exception class (Ruby or custom) may choose to override either of these methods,
-and may choose to interpret keyword argument <tt>highlight: true</tt>
-to mean that the returned message should contain
-[ANSI codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code)
-that specify color, bolding, and underlining.
-
-Because the enhanced message may be written to a non-terminal device
-(e.g., into an HTML page),
-it is best to limit the ANSI codes to these widely-supported codes:
-
-- Begin font color:
-
-    | Color   | ANSI Code        |
-    |---------|------------------|
-    | Red     | <tt>\\e[31m</tt> |
-    | Green   | <tt>\\e[32m</tt> |
-    | Yellow  | <tt>\\e[33m</tt> |
-    | Blue    | <tt>\\e[34m</tt> |
-    | Magenta | <tt>\\e[35m</tt> |
-    | Cyan    | <tt>\\e[36m</tt> |
-
-<br>
-
-- Begin font attribute:
-
-    | Attribute | ANSI Code       |
-    |-----------|-----------------|
-    | Bold      | <tt>\\e[1m</tt> |
-    | Underline | <tt>\\e[4m</tt> |
-
-<br>
-
-- End all of the above:
-
-    | Color | ANSI Code       |
-    |-------|-----------------|
-    | Reset | <tt>\\e[0m</tt> |
-
-It's also best to craft a message that is conveniently human-readable,
-even if the ANSI codes are included "as-is"
-(rather than interpreted as font directives).
-
-## Backtraces
-
-A _backtrace_ is a record of the methods currently
-in the [call stack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack);
-each such method has been called, but has not yet returned.
-
-These methods return backtrace information:
-
-- Exception#backtrace: returns the backtrace as an array of strings or `nil`.
-- Exception#backtrace_locations: returns the backtrace as an array
-  of Thread::Backtrace::Location objects or `nil`.
-  Each Thread::Backtrace::Location object gives detailed information about a called method.
-
-By default, Ruby sets the backtrace of the exception to the location where it
-was raised.
-
-The developer might adjust this by either providing +backtrace+ argument
-to Kernel#raise, or using Exception#set_backtrace.
-
-Note that:
-
-- by default, both +backtrace+ and +backtrace_locations+ represent the same backtrace;
-- if the developer sets the backtrace by one of the above methods to an array of
-  Thread::Backtrace::Location, they still represent the same backtrace;
-- if the developer sets the backtrace to a string or an array of strings:
-  - by Kernel#raise: +backtrace_locations+ become +nil+;
-  - by Exception#set_backtrace: +backtrace_locations+ preserve the original
-    value;
-- if the developer sets the backtrace to +nil+ by Exception#set_backtrace,
-  +backtrace_locations+ preserve the original value; but if the exception is then
-  reraised, both +backtrace+ and +backtrace_locations+ become the location of reraise.
diff --git a/doc/extension.ja.rdoc b/doc/extension.ja.rdoc
index 2f7856f3d4..a943f7a109 100644
--- a/doc/extension.ja.rdoc
+++ b/doc/extension.ja.rdoc
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # extension.ja.rdoc -  -*- RDoc -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
 
+{English}[rdoc-ref:extension.rdoc]
+
 = Rubyの拡張ライブラリの作り方
 
 Rubyの拡張ライブラリの作り方を説明します．
@@ -335,11 +337,11 @@ rb_ary_aref(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary) ::
 
 rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset) ::
 
-  \ary[offset]
+  ary\[offset]
 
 rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long offset, VALUE obj) ::
 
-  \ary[offset] = obj
+  ary\[offset] = obj
 
 rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len) ::
 
diff --git a/doc/extension.rdoc b/doc/extension.rdoc
index ba59d107ab..9fc507706e 100644
--- a/doc/extension.rdoc
+++ b/doc/extension.rdoc
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # extension.rdoc -  -*- RDoc -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
 
+{日本語}[rdoc-ref:extension.ja.rdoc]
+
 = Creating extension libraries for Ruby
 
 This document explains how to make extension libraries for Ruby.
@@ -315,11 +317,11 @@ rb_ary_aref(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary) ::
 
 rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset) ::
 
-  \ary[offset]
+  ary\[offset]
 
 rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long offset, VALUE obj) ::
 
-  \ary[offset] = obj
+  ary\[offset] = obj
 
 rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len) ::
 
@@ -759,6 +761,50 @@ RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE ::
   If this flag is not set, the object can not become a shareable
   object by Ractor.make_shareable() method.
 
+RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE ::
+
+  This flag indicates that Ruby may store the C struct inside the object
+  slot, rather than allocate it separately with +malloc+.
+  However, it is not a guarantee. Ruby may decide not to embed the object.
+  For instance if it's too large to fit into one of the available slot sizes.
+
+  Embedding the C struct inside the object slot reduces pointer chasing,
+  malloc overhead, and improves sweep performance.
+  In some cases, it can also reduce the memory footprint of the object.
+
+  To be embeddable, types must abide by some restrictions:
+
+  * Pointers to the C struct, or into the C struct, MUST NOT be stored,
+    as they become invalid when GC compaction occurs.
+    It is however valid to pass and use such pointers for as long as the Ruby
+    object remains on the stack.
+
+    In a sense, this is similar to the restrictions of a stack allocated struct.
+
+    The +RB_GC_GUARD+ macro must be used to ensure the object is not moved by
+    compaction and not freed, unless the object is passed directly as an
+    argument from Ruby to C, i.e. as a parameter of a function used with
+    +rb_define_method+ and similar.
+
+  * The +DATA_PTR+ and +RTYPEDDATA_DATA+ macro can't be used.
+    Only +RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA+` or +TypedData_Get_Struct+ macros can be used
+    with embeddable objects.
+    Accessing `RDATA(obj)->data` or `RTYPEDDATA(obj)->data` is invalid too.
+
+  * The +dfree+ function MUST NOT free the C struct itself.
+    Setting +dfree+ to +RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE+ is fine.
+    To support older Ruby versions without this feature, you can
+    conditionally free the C struct if +RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE+ isn't defined.
+
+  * The type must have the +RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY+ flag set.
+
+  If the embedded C struct is of variable size, +rb_data_typed_object_zalloc+
+  can be used instead of +TypedData_Make_Struct+.
+
+  See {Embedded TypedData}[rdoc-ref:@Appendix+G.+Embedded+TypedData] for a
+  commented example of how to use +RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE+.
+
+
 Note that this macro can raise an exception.  If sval to be wrapped
 holds a resource needs to be released (e.g., allocated memory, handle
 from an external library, and etc), you will have to use rb_protect.
@@ -2047,7 +2093,7 @@ the <code>*_kw</code> functions introduced in Ruby 2.7.
   #define rb_proc_call_with_block_kw(p, c, v, b, kw) rb_proc_call_with_block(p, c, v, b)
   #define rb_method_call_kw(c, v, m, kw) rb_method_call(c, v, m)
   #define rb_method_call_with_block_kw(c, v, m, b, kw) rb_method_call_with_block(c, v, m, b)
-  #define rb_eval_cmd_kwd(c, a, kw) rb_eval_cmd(c, a, 0)
+  #define rb_eval_cmd_kw(c, a, kw) rb_eval_cmd(c, a, 0)
   #endif
 
 == Appendix C. Functions available for use in extconf.rb
@@ -2283,6 +2329,89 @@ To make a "Ractor-safe" C extension, we need to check the following points:
    making of a Ractor-safe extension.  This document will be extended as they are
    discovered.
 
+== Appendix G. Embedded TypedData
+
+Here is an example of how to use +RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE+::
+
+  struct my_data {
+      struct timespec created_at;
+      size_t buffer_capa;
+      char *buffer;
+  };
+
+  static void
+  my_data_free(void *ptr)
+  {
+      struct my_data *data = (struct my_data *)ptr;
+
+      // Deliberately don't free `ptr` if it is embeddable.
+      // Only auxiliary memory need to be freed.
+      ruby_xfree(data->buffer);
+  }
+
+  static size_t
+  my_data_size(const void *ptr)
+  {
+    const struct my_data *data = (const struct my_data *)ptr;
+    // We don't need to account for `sizeof(struct my_struct)` because it is embedded inside the Ruby object.
+    // Only auxiliary memory need to be reported.
+    return data->buffer_capa;
+  }
+
+  static const rb_data_type_t my_type = {
+      .wrap_struct_name = "my_type",
+      .function = {
+        .dfree = my_data_free,
+        .dsize = my_data_size,
+      }
+      .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
+  };
+
+  static VALUE
+  my_data_alloc(VALUE klass)
+  {
+      struct my_data *data;
+      VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct my_data, &my_type, data);
+
+      // Is it fine to pass pointers into the embedded struct, for as long as
+      // the called function won't use it after the Ruby object have left the stack.
+      clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &data->created_at);
+      data->buffer_capa = 1024;
+      data->buffer = ZALLOC_N(char, data->buffer_capa);
+
+      return obj
+  }
+
+  static VALUE
+  my_data_m_parse(VALUE klass)
+  {
+      struct my_data *data;
+      VALUE my_data_obj = my_data_alloc(klass);
+      TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, struct my_data, &my_type, data);
+
+      // `my_data_obj` was allocated from C, `RB_GC_GUARD` must be used to
+      // ensure the compiler will keep its reference on the stack.
+      RB_GC_GUARD(my_data_obj)
+  }
+
+  static VALUE
+  my_data_read(VALUE self)
+  {
+      struct my_data *data;
+      TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, struct my_data, &my_type, data);
+
+      // `self` is received from `rb_define_method` so `RB_GC_GUARD` isn't necessary.
+      return rb_str_new(data->buffer, data->buffer_capa)
+  }
+
+  void
+  Init_my_data(void)
+  {
+      VALUE cMyData = rb_define_class("MyData");
+      rb_define_method(cMyData, "read", my_data_read, 0);
+      rb_define_singleton_method(cMyData, "parse", my_data_m_parse, 0);
+  }
+
 --
 Local variables:
 fill-column: 70
diff --git a/doc/fiber.md b/doc/fiber.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 2bc1ff96b2..0000000000
--- a/doc/fiber.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-# Fiber
-
-Fibers provide a mechanism for cooperative concurrency.
-
-## Context Switching
-
-Fibers execute a user-provided block. During the execution, the block may call `Fiber.yield` or `Fiber.transfer` to switch to another fiber. `Fiber#resume` is used to continue execution from the point where `Fiber.yield` was called.
-
-```rb
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-puts "1: Start program."
-
-f = Fiber.new do
-  puts "3: Entered fiber."
-  Fiber.yield
-  puts "5: Resumed fiber."
-end
-
-puts "2: Resume fiber first time."
-f.resume
-
-puts "4: Resume fiber second time."
-f.resume
-
-puts "6: Finished."
-```
-
-This program demonstrates the flow control of fibers.
-
-## Scheduler
-
-The scheduler interface is used to intercept blocking operations. A typical
-implementation would be a wrapper for a gem like `EventMachine` or `Async`. This
-design provides separation of concerns between the event loop implementation
-and application code. It also allows for layered schedulers which can perform
-instrumentation.
-
-To set the scheduler for the current thread:
-
-```rb
-Fiber.set_scheduler(MyScheduler.new)
-```
-
-When the thread exits, there is an implicit call to `set_scheduler`:
-
-```rb
-Fiber.set_scheduler(nil)
-```
-
-### Design
-
-The scheduler interface is designed to be a un-opinionated light-weight layer
-between user code and blocking operations. The scheduler hooks should avoid
-translating or converting arguments or return values. Ideally, the exact same
-arguments from the user code are provided directly to the scheduler hook with
-no changes.
-
-### Interface
-
-This is the interface you need to implement.
-
-```rb
-class Scheduler
-  # Wait for the specified process ID to exit.
-  # This hook is optional.
-  # @parameter pid [Integer] The process ID to wait for.
-  # @parameter flags [Integer] A bit-mask of flags suitable for `Process::Status.wait`.
-  # @returns [Process::Status] A process status instance.
-  def process_wait(pid, flags)
-    Thread.new do
-      Process::Status.wait(pid, flags)
-    end.value
-  end
-
-  # Wait for the given io readiness to match the specified events within
-  # the specified timeout.
-  # @parameter event [Integer] A bit mask of `IO::READABLE`,
-  #   `IO::WRITABLE` and `IO::PRIORITY`.
-  # @parameter timeout [Numeric] The amount of time to wait for the event in seconds.
-  # @returns [Integer] The subset of events that are ready.
-  def io_wait(io, events, timeout)
-  end
-
-  # Read from the given io into the specified buffer.
-  # WARNING: Experimental hook! Do not use in production code!
-  # @parameter io [IO] The io to read from.
-  # @parameter buffer [IO::Buffer] The buffer to read into.
-  # @parameter length [Integer] The minimum amount to read.
-  def io_read(io, buffer, length)
-  end
-
-  # Write from the given buffer into the specified IO.
-  # WARNING: Experimental hook! Do not use in production code!
-  # @parameter io [IO] The io to write to.
-  # @parameter buffer [IO::Buffer] The buffer to write from.
-  # @parameter length [Integer] The minimum amount to write.
-  def io_write(io, buffer, length)
-  end
-
-  # Sleep the current task for the specified duration, or forever if not
-  # specified.
-  # @parameter duration [Numeric] The amount of time to sleep in seconds.
-  def kernel_sleep(duration = nil)
-  end
-
-  # Execute the given block. If the block execution exceeds the given timeout,
-  # the specified exception `klass` will be raised. Typically, only non-blocking
-  # methods which enter the scheduler will raise such exceptions.
-  # @parameter duration [Integer] The amount of time to wait, after which an exception will be raised.
-  # @parameter klass [Class] The exception class to raise.
-  # @parameter *arguments [Array] The arguments to send to the constructor of the exception.
-  # @yields {...} The user code to execute.
-  def timeout_after(duration, klass, *arguments, &block)
-  end
-
-  # Resolve hostname to an array of IP addresses.
-  # This hook is optional.
-  # @parameter hostname [String] Example: "www.ruby-lang.org".
-  # @returns [Array] An array of IPv4 and/or IPv6 address strings that the hostname resolves to.
-  def address_resolve(hostname)
-  end
-
-  # Block the calling fiber.
-  # @parameter blocker [Object] What we are waiting on, informational only.
-  # @parameter timeout [Numeric | Nil] The amount of time to wait for in seconds.
-  # @returns [Boolean] Whether the blocking operation was successful or not.
-  def block(blocker, timeout = nil)
-  end
-
-  # Unblock the specified fiber.
-  # @parameter blocker [Object] What we are waiting on, informational only.
-  # @parameter fiber [Fiber] The fiber to unblock.
-  # @reentrant Thread safe.
-  def unblock(blocker, fiber)
-  end
-
-  # Intercept the creation of a non-blocking fiber.
-  # @returns [Fiber]
-  def fiber(&block)
-    Fiber.new(blocking: false, &block)
-  end
-
-  # Invoked when the thread exits.
-  def close
-    self.run
-  end
-
-  def run
-    # Implement event loop here.
-  end
-end
-```
-
-Additional hooks may be introduced in the future, we will use feature detection
-in order to enable these hooks.
-
-### Non-blocking Execution
-
-The scheduler hooks will only be used in special non-blocking execution
-contexts. Non-blocking execution contexts introduce non-determinism because the
-execution of scheduler hooks may introduce context switching points into your
-program.
-
-#### Fibers
-
-Fibers can be used to create non-blocking execution contexts.
-
-```rb
-Fiber.new do
-  puts Fiber.current.blocking? # false
-
-  # May invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.io_wait`.
-  io.read(...)
-
-  # May invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.io_wait`.
-  io.write(...)
-
-  # Will invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.kernel_sleep`.
-  sleep(n)
-end.resume
-```
-
-We also introduce a new method which simplifies the creation of these
-non-blocking fibers:
-
-```rb
-Fiber.schedule do
-  puts Fiber.current.blocking? # false
-end
-```
-
-The purpose of this method is to allow the scheduler to internally decide the
-policy for when to start the fiber, and whether to use symmetric or asymmetric
-fibers.
-
-You can also create blocking execution contexts:
-
-```rb
-Fiber.new(blocking: true) do
-  # Won't use the scheduler:
-  sleep(n)
-end
-```
-
-However you should generally avoid this unless you are implementing a scheduler.
-
-#### IO
-
-By default, I/O is non-blocking. Not all operating systems support non-blocking
-I/O. Windows is a notable example where socket I/O can be non-blocking but pipe
-I/O is blocking. Provided that there *is* a scheduler and the current thread *is
-non-blocking*, the operation will invoke the scheduler.
-
-#### Mutex
-
-The `Mutex` class can be used in a non-blocking context and is fiber specific.
-
-#### ConditionVariable
-
-The `ConditionVariable` class can be used in a non-blocking context and is
-fiber-specific.
-
-#### Queue / SizedQueue
-
-The `Queue` and `SizedQueue` classes can be used in a non-blocking context and
-are fiber-specific.
-
-#### Thread
-
-The `Thread#join` operation can be used in a non-blocking context and is
-fiber-specific.
diff --git a/doc/file/timestamps.md b/doc/file/timestamps.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8ad616567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/file/timestamps.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# \File System Timestamps
+
+A file system entry (the name of a file or directory)
+has several times (called timestamps) associated with it.
+
+The Ruby methods that return these timestamps (each as a Time object)
+are actually returning "whatever the OS says,"
+and so their behaviors may vary among OS platforms.
+If a platform does not support a particular timestamp,
+the corresponding Ruby methods raise NotImplementedError.
+
+These timestamps are:
+
+|               Name               | Meaning                                | Changes               |
+|:--------------------------------:|----------------------------------------|-----------------------|
+|  [`birthtime`](#birth-time)      | Create time.                           | Never.                |
+|  [`mtime`](#modification-time)   | Modification time.                     | When written.         |
+|     [`atime`](#access-time)      | Access time.                           | When read or written. |
+| [`ctime`](#metadata-change-time) | Metadata-change time (or create time). | See below.            |
+
+## Birth \Time
+
+The birth time for an entry is the time the entry was created.
+The birth time does not change, although if the entry is deleted and re-created,
+the birth time will be different.
+
+Each of these methods returns the birth time for an entry as a Time object:
+
+- File::birthtime.
+- File#birthtime.
+- File::Stat#birthtime.
+- Pathname#birthtime.
+
+On Windows, each of these methods also returns the birth time:
+
+- File::ctime.
+- File#ctime.
+- File::Stat#ctime.
+- Pathname#ctime.
+
+## Modification \Time
+
+The modification time for an entry is the time the entry was last modified.
+The modification time is updated when the entry is written,
+though some file systems may delay the update.
+
+Each of these methods returns the modification time for an entry as a Time object:
+
+- File::mtime.
+- File#mtime.
+- File::Stat#mtime.
+- Pathname#mtime.
+
+## Access \Time
+
+The access time for an entry is the time the entry last read.
+The access time is updated when the entry is read,
+though some file systems may delay the update.
+
+Each of these methods returns the access time for an entry as a Time object:
+
+- File::atime.
+- File#atime.
+- File::Stat#atime.
+- Pathname#atime.
+
+## Metadata-Change \Time
+
+The metadata-change time for an entry is the time the entry last read.
+The metadata-change time is updated when the entry's metadata is changed;
+changing access mode or permissions may update the metadata-change time,
+though some file systems may delay the update.
+
+On non-Windows systems,
+each of these methods returns the metadata-change time for an entry:
+
+- File::ctime.
+- File#ctime.
+- File::Stat#ctime.
+- Pathname#ctime.
+
+On Windows, each `ctime` method returns the birth time,
+not the metadata-change time.
diff --git a/doc/float.rb b/doc/float.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93b57ebc4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/float.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# A \Float object stores a real number
+# using the native architecture's double-precision floating-point representation.
+#
+# == \Float Imprecisions
+#
+# Some real numbers can be represented precisely as \Float objects:
+#
+#   37.5    # => 37.5
+#   98.75   # => 98.75
+#   12.3125 # => 12.3125
+#
+# Others cannot; among these are the transcendental numbers, including:
+#
+# - Pi, <i>π</i>: in mathematics, a number of infinite precision:
+#   3.1415926535897932384626433... (to 25 places);
+#   in Ruby, it is of limited precision (in this case, to 16 decimal places):
+#
+#     Math::PI # => 3.141592653589793
+#
+# - Euler's number, <i>e</i>: in mathematics, a number of infinite precision:
+#   2.7182818284590452353602874... (to 25 places);
+#   in Ruby, it is of limited precision (in this case, to 15 decimal places):
+#
+#     Math::E # => 2.718281828459045
+#
+# Some floating-point computations in Ruby give precise results:
+#
+#   1.0/2   # => 0.5
+#   100.0/8 # => 12.5
+#
+# Others do not:
+#
+# - In mathematics, 2/3 as a decimal number is an infinitely-repeating decimal:
+#   0.666... (forever);
+#   in Ruby, +2.0/3+ is of limited precision (in this case, to 16 decimal places):
+#
+#     2.0/3 # => 0.6666666666666666
+#
+# - In mathematics, the square root of 2 is an irrational number of infinite precision:
+#   1.4142135623730950488016887... (to 25 decimal places);
+#   in Ruby, it is of limited precision (in this case, to 16 decimal places):
+#
+#     Math.sqrt(2.0) # => 1.4142135623730951
+#
+# - Even a simple computation can introduce imprecision:
+#
+#     x = 0.1 + 0.2 # => 0.30000000000000004
+#     y = 0.3       # => 0.3
+#     x == y        # => false
+#
+# See:
+#
+# - https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
+# - https://github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/wiki/Ruby-Talk-FAQ#user-content--why-are-rubys-floats-imprecise
+# - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems
+#
+# Note that precise storage and computation of rational numbers
+# is possible using Rational objects.
+#
+# == Creating a \Float
+#
+# You can create a \Float object explicitly with:
+#
+# - A {floating-point literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Float+Literals].
+#
+# You can convert certain objects to Floats with:
+#
+# - Method #Float.
+#
+# == What's Here
+#
+# First, what's elsewhere. Class \Float:
+#
+# - Inherits from
+#   {class Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@Whats+Here]
+#   and {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+# - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@Whats+Here].
+#
+# Here, class \Float provides methods for:
+#
+# - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Float@Querying]
+# - {Comparing}[rdoc-ref:Float@Comparing]
+# - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:Float@Converting]
+#
+# === Querying
+#
+# - #finite?: Returns whether +self+ is finite.
+# - #hash: Returns the integer hash code for +self+.
+# - #infinite?: Returns whether +self+ is infinite.
+# - #nan?: Returns whether +self+ is a NaN (not-a-number).
+#
+# === Comparing
+#
+# - #<: Returns whether +self+ is less than the given value.
+# - #<=: Returns whether +self+ is less than or equal to the given value.
+# - #<=>: Returns a number indicating whether +self+ is less than, equal
+#   to, or greater than the given value.
+# - #== (aliased as #=== and #eql?): Returns whether +self+ is equal to
+#   the given value.
+# - #>: Returns whether +self+ is greater than the given value.
+# - #>=: Returns whether +self+ is greater than or equal to the given value.
+#
+# === Converting
+#
+# - #% (aliased as #modulo): Returns +self+ modulo the given value.
+# - #*: Returns the product of +self+ and the given value.
+# - #**: Returns the value of +self+ raised to the power of the given value.
+# - #+: Returns the sum of +self+ and the given value.
+# - #-: Returns the difference of +self+ and the given value.
+# - #/: Returns the quotient of +self+ and the given value.
+# - #ceil: Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to +self+.
+# - #coerce: Returns a 2-element array containing the given value converted to a \Float
+#   and +self+
+# - #divmod: Returns a 2-element array containing the quotient and remainder
+#   results of dividing +self+ by the given value.
+# - #fdiv: Returns the \Float result of dividing +self+ by the given value.
+# - #floor: Returns the greatest number smaller than or equal to +self+.
+# - #next_float: Returns the next-larger representable \Float.
+# - #prev_float: Returns the next-smaller representable \Float.
+# - #quo: Returns the quotient from dividing +self+ by the given value.
+# - #round: Returns +self+ rounded to the nearest value, to a given precision.
+# - #to_i (aliased as #to_int): Returns +self+ truncated to an Integer.
+# - #to_s (aliased as #inspect): Returns a string containing the place-value
+#   representation of +self+ in the given radix.
+# - #truncate: Returns +self+ truncated to a given precision.
+#
+
+ class Float; end
diff --git a/doc/format_specifications.rdoc b/doc/format_specifications.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index bdfdc24953..0000000000
--- a/doc/format_specifications.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,350 +0,0 @@
-= Format Specifications
-
-Several Ruby core classes have instance method +printf+ or +sprintf+:
-
-- ARGF#printf
-- IO#printf
-- Kernel#printf
-- Kernel#sprintf
-
-Each of these methods takes:
-
-- Argument +format_string+, which has zero or more
-  embedded _format_ _specifications_ (see below).
-- Arguments <tt>*arguments</tt>, which are zero or more objects to be formatted.
-
-Each of these methods prints or returns the string
-resulting from replacing each
-format specification embedded in +format_string+ with a string form
-of the corresponding argument among +arguments+.
-
-A simple example:
-
-  sprintf('Name: %s; value: %d', 'Foo', 0) # => "Name: Foo; value: 0"
-
-A format specification has the form:
-
-  %[flags][width][.precision]type
-
-It consists of:
-
-- A leading percent character.
-- Zero or more _flags_ (each is a character).
-- An optional _width_ _specifier_ (an integer).
-- An optional _precision_ _specifier_ (a period followed by a non-negative integer).
-- A _type_ _specifier_ (a character).
-
-Except for the leading percent character,
-the only required part is the type specifier, so we begin with that.
-
-== Type Specifiers
-
-This section provides a brief explanation of each type specifier.
-The links lead to the details and examples.
-
-=== \Integer Type Specifiers
-
-- +b+ or +B+: Format +argument+ as a binary integer.
-  See {Specifiers b and B}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+b+and+B].
-- +d+, +i+, or +u+ (all are identical):
-  Format +argument+ as a decimal integer.
-  See {Specifier d}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+d].
-- +o+: Format +argument+ as an octal integer.
-  See {Specifier o}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+o].
-- +x+ or +X+: Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer.
-  See {Specifiers x and X}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+x+and+X].
-
-=== Floating-Point Type Specifiers
-
-- +a+ or +A+: Format +argument+ as hexadecimal floating-point number.
-  See {Specifiers a and A}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+a+and+A].
-- +e+ or +E+: Format +argument+ in scientific notation.
-  See {Specifiers e and E}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+e+and+E].
-- +f+: Format +argument+ as a decimal floating-point number.
-  See {Specifier f}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+f].
-- +g+ or +G+: Format +argument+ in a "general" format.
-  See {Specifiers g and G}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifiers+g+and+G].
-
-=== Other Type Specifiers
-
-- +c+: Format +argument+ as a character.
-  See {Specifier c}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+c].
-- +p+: Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.inspect</tt>.
-  See {Specifier p}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+p].
-- +s+: Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.to_s</tt>.
-  See {Specifier s}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+s].
-- <tt>%</tt>: Format +argument+ (<tt>'%'</tt>) as a single percent character.
-  See {Specifier %}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Specifier+-25].
-
-== Flags
-
-The effect of a flag may vary greatly among type specifiers.
-These remarks are general in nature.
-See {type-specific details}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc@Type+Specifier+Details+and+Examples].
-
-Multiple flags may be given with single type specifier;
-order does not matter.
-
-=== <tt>' '</tt> Flag
-
-Insert a space before a non-negative number:
-
-  sprintf('%d', 10)  # => "10"
-  sprintf('% d', 10) # => " 10"
-
-Insert a minus sign for negative value:
-
-  sprintf('%d', -10)  # => "-10"
-  sprintf('% d', -10) # => "-10"
-
-=== <tt>'#'</tt> Flag
-
-Use an alternate format; varies among types:
-
-  sprintf('%x', 100)  # => "64"
-  sprintf('%#x', 100) # => "0x64"
-
-=== <tt>'+'</tt> Flag
-
-Add a leading plus sign for a non-negative number:
-
-  sprintf('%x', 100)  # => "64"
-  sprintf('%+x', 100) # => "+64"
-
-=== <tt>'-'</tt> Flag
-
-Left justify the value in its field:
-
-  sprintf('%6d', 100)  # => "   100"
-  sprintf('%-6d', 100) # => "100   "
-
-=== <tt>'0'</tt> Flag
-
-Left-pad with zeros instead of spaces:
-
-  sprintf('%6d', 100)  # => "   100"
-  sprintf('%06d', 100) # => "000100"
-
-=== <tt>'*'</tt> Flag
-
-Use the next argument as the field width:
-
-  sprintf('%d', 20, 14)  # => "20"
-  sprintf('%*d', 20, 14) # => "                  14"
-
-=== <tt>'n$'</tt> Flag
-
-Format the (1-based) <tt>n</tt>th argument into this field:
-
-    sprintf("%s %s", 'world', 'hello')     # => "world hello"
-    sprintf("%2$s %1$s", 'world', 'hello') # => "hello world"
-
-== Width Specifier
-
-In general, a width specifier determines the minimum width (in characters)
-of the formatted field:
-
-  sprintf('%10d', 100)  # => "       100"
-
-  # Left-justify if negative.
-  sprintf('%-10d', 100) # => "100       "
-
-  # Ignore if too small.
-  sprintf('%1d', 100)   # => "100"
-
-== Precision Specifier
-
-A precision specifier is a decimal point followed by zero or more
-decimal digits.
-
-For integer type specifiers, the precision specifies the minimum number of
-digits to be written. If the precision is shorter than the integer, the result is
-padded with leading zeros. There is no modification or truncation of the result
-if the integer is longer than the precision:
-
-  sprintf('%.3d', 1)    # => "001"
-  sprintf('%.3d', 1000) # => "1000"
-
-  # If the precision is 0 and the value is 0, nothing is written
-  sprintf('%.d', 0)  # => ""
-  sprintf('%.0d', 0) # => ""
-
-For the +a+/+A+, +e+/+E+, +f+/+F+ specifiers, the precision specifies
-the number of digits after the decimal point to be written:
-
-  sprintf('%.2f', 3.14159)  # => "3.14"
-  sprintf('%.10f', 3.14159) # => "3.1415900000"
-
-  # With no precision specifier, defaults to 6-digit precision.
-  sprintf('%f', 3.14159)    # => "3.141590"
-
-For the +g+/+G+ specifiers, the precision specifies
-the number of significant digits to be written:
-
-  sprintf('%.2g', 123.45)  # => "1.2e+02"
-  sprintf('%.3g', 123.45)  # => "123"
-  sprintf('%.10g', 123.45) # =>  "123.45"
-
-  # With no precision specifier, defaults to 6 significant digits.
-  sprintf('%g', 123.456789) # => "123.457"
-
-For the +s+, +p+ specifiers, the precision specifies
-the number of characters to write:
-
-  sprintf('%s', Time.now)    # => "2022-05-04 11:59:16 -0400"
-  sprintf('%.10s', Time.now) # => "2022-05-04"
-
-== Type Specifier Details and Examples
-
-=== Specifiers +a+ and +A+
-
-Format +argument+ as hexadecimal floating-point number:
-
-  sprintf('%a', 3.14159)   # => "0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
-  sprintf('%a', -3.14159)  # => "-0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
-  sprintf('%a', 4096)      # => "0x1p+12"
-  sprintf('%a', -4096)     # => "-0x1p+12"
-
-  # Capital 'A' means that alphabetical characters are printed in upper case.
-  sprintf('%A', 4096)      # => "0X1P+12"
-  sprintf('%A', -4096)     # => "-0X1P+12"
-
-=== Specifiers +b+ and +B+
-
-The two specifiers +b+ and +B+ behave identically
-except when flag <tt>'#'</tt>+ is used.
-
-Format +argument+ as a binary integer:
-
-  sprintf('%b', 1)  # => "1"
-  sprintf('%b', 4)  # => "100"
-
-  # Prefix '..' for negative value.
-  sprintf('%b', -4) # => "..100"
-
-  # Alternate format.
-  sprintf('%#b', 4)  # => "0b100"
-  sprintf('%#B', 4)  # => "0B100"
-
-=== Specifier +c+
-
-Format +argument+ as a single character:
-
-  sprintf('%c', 'A') # => "A"
-  sprintf('%c', 65)  # => "A"
-
-This behaves like String#<<, except for raising ArgumentError instead of RangeError.
-
-=== Specifier +d+
-
-Format +argument+ as a decimal integer:
-
-  sprintf('%d', 100)  # => "100"
-  sprintf('%d', -100) # => "-100"
-
-Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
-
-=== Specifiers +e+ and +E+
-
-Format +argument+ in
-{scientific notation}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation]:
-
-  sprintf('%e', 3.14159)  # => "3.141590e+00"
-  sprintf('%E', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590E+00"
-
-=== Specifier +f+
-
-Format +argument+ as a floating-point number:
-
-  sprintf('%f', 3.14159)  # => "3.141590"
-  sprintf('%f', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590"
-
-Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
-
-=== Specifiers +g+ and +G+
-
-Format +argument+ using exponential form (+e+/+E+ specifier)
-if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or equal to the precision.
-Otherwise format +argument+ using floating-point form (+f+ specifier):
-
-  sprintf('%g', 100)  # => "100"
-  sprintf('%g', 100.0)  # => "100"
-  sprintf('%g', 3.14159)  # => "3.14159"
-  sprintf('%g', 100000000000)  # => "1e+11"
-  sprintf('%g', 0.000000000001)  # => "1e-12"
-
-  # Capital 'G' means use capital 'E'.
-  sprintf('%G', 100000000000)  # => "1E+11"
-  sprintf('%G', 0.000000000001)  # => "1E-12"
-
-  # Alternate format.
-  sprintf('%#g', 100000000000)  # => "1.00000e+11"
-  sprintf('%#g', 0.000000000001)  # => "1.00000e-12"
-  sprintf('%#G', 100000000000)  # => "1.00000E+11"
-  sprintf('%#G', 0.000000000001)  # => "1.00000E-12"
-
-=== Specifier +o+
-
-Format +argument+ as an octal integer.
-If +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement
-prefixed with +..7+:
-
-  sprintf('%o', 16)   # => "20"
-
-  # Prefix '..7' for negative value.
-  sprintf('%o', -16)  # => "..760"
-
-  # Prefix zero for alternate format if positive.
-  sprintf('%#o', 16)  # => "020"
-  sprintf('%#o', -16) # => "..760"
-
-=== Specifier +p+
-
-Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.inspect</tt>:
-
-  t = Time.now
-  sprintf('%p', t)   # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07.1645683 -0500"
-
-=== Specifier +s+
-
-Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.to_s</tt>:
-
-  t = Time.now
-  sprintf('%s', t) # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07 -0500"
-
-Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
-
-=== Specifiers +x+ and +X+
-
-Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer.
-If +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement
-prefixed with +..f+:
-
-  sprintf('%x', 100)   # => "64"
-
-  # Prefix '..f' for negative value.
-  sprintf('%x', -100)  # => "..f9c"
-
-  # Use alternate format.
-  sprintf('%#x', 100)  # => "0x64"
-
-  # Alternate format for negative value.
-  sprintf('%#x', -100) # => "0x..f9c"
-
-=== Specifier <tt>%</tt>
-
-Format +argument+ (<tt>'%'</tt>) as a single percent character:
-
-  sprintf('%d %%', 100) # => "100 %"
-
-Flags do not apply.
-
-== Reference by Name
-
-For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
-%<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
-
-Examples:
-
-  sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 }) # => 1 : 2.000000
-  sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 })                      # => "1f"
diff --git a/doc/forwardable.rd.ja b/doc/forwardable.rd.ja
deleted file mode 100644
index 53e8202513..0000000000
--- a/doc/forwardable.rd.ja
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-  -- forwardable.rb
-                                                $Release Version: 1.1 $
-                                                $Revision$
-
-=begin
-= Forwardable
-
-クラスに対しメソッドの委譲機能を定義します.
-
-== 使い方
-
-クラスに対してextendして使います.
-
-  class Foo
-    extend Forwardable
-
-    def_delegators("@out", "printf", "print")
-    def_delegators(:@in, :gets)
-    def_delegator(:@contents, :[], "content_at")
-  end
-  f = Foo.new
-  f.printf ...
-  f.gets
-  f.content_at(1)
-
-== メソッド
-
---- Forwardable#def_instance_delegators(accessor, *methods)
-
-      ((|methods|))で渡されたメソッドのリストを((|accessorに|))委譲する
-      ようにします.
-
---- Forwardable#def_instance_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
-
-      ((||method|))で渡されたメソッドを((|accessor|))に委譲するようにし
-      ます. ((|ali|))が引数として渡されたときは, メソッド((|ali|))が呼ば
-      れたときには, ((|accessor|))に対し((|method|))を呼び出します.
-
---- Forwardable#def_delegators(accessor, *methods)
-
-      ((|Forwardable#def_instance_delegators|))の別名です.
-
---- Forwardable#def_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
-
-      ((|Forwardable#def_instance_delegator|))の別名です.
-
-= SingleForwardable
-
-オブジェクトに対し, メソッドの委譲機能を定義します.
-
-== 使い方
-
-オブジェクトに対して((|extend|))して使います.
-
-  g = Goo.new
-  g.extend SingleForwardable
-  g.def_delegator("@out", :puts)
-  g.puts ...
-
-== メソッド
-
---- SingleForwardable#def_singleton_delegators(accessor, *methods)
-
-      ((|methods|))で渡されたメソッドのリストを((|accessor|))に委譲する
-      ようにします.
-
---- SingleForwardable#def_singleton_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
-
-      ((|method|))で渡されたメソッドを((|accessor|))に委譲するようにしま
-      す. ((|ali|))が引数として渡されたときは, メソッド((|ali|))が呼ばれ
-      たときには, ((|accessor|))に対し((|method|))を呼び出します.
-
---- SingleForwardable#def_delegators(accessor, *methods)
-
-      ((|SingleForwardable#def_singleton_delegators|))の別名です.
-
---- SingleForwardable#def_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
-
-      ((|SingleForwardable#def_singleton_delegator|))の別名です.
-=end
diff --git a/doc/globals.rdoc b/doc/globals.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d9fc57e6e..0000000000
--- a/doc/globals.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
-= Pre-Defined Global Variables
-
-Some of the pre-defined global variables have synonyms
-that are available via module English.
-For each of those, the \English synonym is given.
-
-To use the module:
-
-  require 'English'
-
-== Exceptions
-
-=== <tt>$!</tt> (\Exception)
-
-Contains the Exception object set by Kernel#raise:
-
-  begin
-    raise RuntimeError.new('Boo!')
-  rescue RuntimeError
-    p $!
-  end
-
-Output:
-
-  #<RuntimeError: Boo!>
-
-English - <tt>$ERROR_INFO</tt>
-
-=== <tt>$@</tt> (Backtrace)
-
-Same as <tt>$!.backtrace</tt>;
-returns an array of backtrace positions:
-
-  begin
-    raise RuntimeError.new('Boo!')
-  rescue RuntimeError
-    pp $@.take(4)
-  end
-
-Output:
-
-  ["(irb):338:in `<top (required)>'",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/workspace.rb:119:in `eval'",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/workspace.rb:119:in `evaluate'",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/context.rb:502:in `evaluate'"]
-
-English - <tt>$ERROR_POSITION</tt>.
-
-== Pattern Matching
-
-These global variables store information about the most recent
-successful match in the current scope.
-
-For details and examples,
-see {Regexp Global Variables}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables].
-
-=== <tt>$~</tt> (\MatchData)
-
-MatchData object created from the match;
-thread-local and frame-local.
-
-English - <tt>$LAST_MATCH_INFO</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$&</tt> (Matched Substring)
-
-The matched string.
-
-English - <tt>$MATCH</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$`</tt> (Pre-Match Substring)
-
-The string to the left of the match.
-
-English - <tt>$PREMATCH</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$'</tt> (Post-Match Substring)
-
-The string to the right of the match.
-
-English - <tt>$POSTMATCH</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$+</tt> (Last Matched Group)
-
-The last group matched.
-
-English - <tt>$LAST_PAREN_MATCH</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$1</tt>, <tt>$2</tt>, \Etc. (Matched Group)
-
-For <tt>$_n_</tt> the _nth_ group of the match.
-
-No \English.
-
-== Separators
-
-=== <tt>$/</tt> (Input Record Separator)
-
-An input record separator, initially newline.
-
-English - <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt>, <tt>$RS</tt>.
-
-Aliased as <tt>$-0</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$\\</tt> (Output Record Separator)
-
-An output record separator, initially +nil+.
-
-English - <tt>$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt>, <tt>$ORS</tt>.
-
-== Streams
-
-=== <tt>$stdin</tt> (Standard Input)
-
-The current standard input stream; initially:
-
-  $stdin # => #<IO:<STDIN>>
-
-=== <tt>$stdout</tt> (Standard Output)
-
-The current standard output stream; initially:
-
-  $stdout # => #<IO:<STDOUT>>
-
-=== <tt>$stderr</tt> (Standard Error)
-
-The current standard error stream; initially:
-
-  $stderr # => #<IO:<STDERR>>
-
-=== <tt>$<</tt> (\ARGF or $stdin)
-
-Points to stream ARGF if not empty, else to stream $stdin; read-only.
-
-English - <tt>$DEFAULT_INPUT</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$></tt> (Default Standard Output)
-
-An output stream, initially <tt>$stdout</tt>.
-
-English - <tt>$DEFAULT_OUTPUT
-
-=== <tt>$.</tt> (Input Position)
-
-The input position (line number) in the most recently read stream.
-
-English - <tt>$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER</tt>, <tt>$NR</tt>
-
-=== <tt>$_</tt> (Last Read Line)
-
-The line (string) from the most recently read stream.
-
-English - <tt>$LAST_READ_LINE</tt>.
-
-== Processes
-
-=== <tt>$0</tt>
-
-Initially, contains the name of the script being executed;
-may be reassigned.
-
-=== <tt>$*</tt> (\ARGV)
-
-Points to ARGV.
-
-English - <tt>$ARGV</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$$</tt> (Process ID)
-
-The process ID of the current process. Same as Process.pid.
-
-English - <tt>$PROCESS_ID</tt>, <tt>$PID</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$?</tt> (Child Status)
-
-Initially +nil+, otherwise the Process::Status object
-created for the most-recently exited child process;
-thread-local.
-
-English - <tt>$CHILD_STATUS</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$LOAD_PATH</tt> (Load Path)
-
-Contains the array of paths to be searched
-by Kernel#load and Kernel#require.
-
-Singleton method <tt>$LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path(feature)</tt>
-returns:
-
-- <tt>[:rb, _path_]</tt>, where +path+ is the path to the Ruby file
-  to be loaded for the given +feature+.
-- <tt>[:so+ _path_]</tt>, where +path+ is the path to the shared object file
-  to be loaded for the given +feature+.
-- +nil+ if there is no such +feature+ and +path+.
-
-Examples:
-
-  $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('timeout')
-  # => [:rb, "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb"]
-  $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('date_core')
-  # => [:so, "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/date_core.so"]
-  $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('foo')
-  # => nil
-
-Aliased as <tt>$:</tt> and <tt>$-I</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$LOADED_FEATURES</tt>
-
-Contains an array of the paths to the loaded files:
-
-  $LOADED_FEATURES.take(10)
-  # =>
-  ["enumerator.so",
-   "thread.rb",
-   "fiber.so",
-   "rational.so",
-   "complex.so",
-   "ruby2_keywords.rb",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/enc/encdb.so",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/enc/trans/transdb.so",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/rbconfig.rb",
-   "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb"]
-
-Aliased as <tt>$"</tt>.
-
-== Debugging
-
-=== <tt>$FILENAME</tt>
-
-The value returned by method ARGF.filename.
-
-=== <tt>$DEBUG</tt>
-
-Initially +true+ if command-line option <tt>-d</tt> or <tt>--debug</tt> is given,
-otherwise initially +false+;
-may be set to either value in the running program.
-
-When +true+, prints each raised exception to <tt>$stderr</tt>.
-
-Aliased as <tt>$-d</tt>.
-
-=== <tt>$VERBOSE</tt>
-
-Initially +true+ if command-line option <tt>-v</tt> or <tt>-w</tt> is given,
-otherwise initially +false+;
-may be set to either value, or to +nil+, in the running program.
-
-When +true+, enables Ruby warnings.
-
-When +nil+, disables warnings, including those from Kernel#warn.
-
-Aliased as <tt>$-v</tt> and <tt>$-w</tt>.
-
-== Other Variables
-
-=== <tt>$-a</tt>
-
-Whether command-line option <tt>-a</tt> was given; read-only.
-
-=== <tt>$-i</tt>
-
-Contains the extension given with command-line option <tt>-i</tt>,
-or +nil+ if none.
-
-An alias of ARGF.inplace_mode.
-
-=== <tt>$-l</tt>
-
-Whether command-line option <tt>-l</tt> was set; read-only.
-
-=== <tt>$-p</tt>
-
-Whether command-line option <tt>-p</tt> was given; read-only.
-
-== Deprecated
-
-=== <tt>$=</tt>
-
-=== <tt>$,</tt>
-
-=== <tt>$;</tt>
-
-= Pre-Defined Global Constants
-
-= Streams
-
-=== <tt>STDIN</tt>
-
-The standard input stream (the default value for <tt>$stdin</tt>):
-
-  STDIN # => #<IO:<STDIN>>
-
-=== <tt>STDOUT</tt>
-
-The standard output stream (the default value for <tt>$stdout</tt>):
-
-  STDOUT # => #<IO:<STDOUT>>
-
-=== <tt>STDERR</tt>
-
-The standard error stream (the default value for <tt>$stderr</tt>):
-
-  STDERR # => #<IO:<STDERR>>
-
-== Environment
-
-=== ENV
-
-A hash of the contains current environment variables names and values:
-
-  ENV.take(5)
-  # =>
-  [["COLORTERM", "truecolor"],
-   ["DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", "unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus"],
-   ["DESKTOP_SESSION", "ubuntu"],
-   ["DISPLAY", ":0"],
-   ["GDMSESSION", "ubuntu"]]
-
-=== ARGF
-
-The virtual concatenation of the files given on the command line, or from
-<tt>$stdin</tt> if no files were given, <tt>"-"</tt> is given, or after
-all files have been read.
-
-=== <tt>ARGV</tt>
-
-An array of the given command-line arguments.
-
-=== <tt>TOPLEVEL_BINDING</tt>
-
-The Binding of the top level scope:
-
-  TOPLEVEL_BINDING # => #<Binding:0x00007f58da0da7c0>
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_VERSION</tt>
-
-The Ruby version:
-
-  RUBY_VERSION # => "3.2.2"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_RELEASE_DATE</tt>
-
-The release date string:
-
-  RUBY_RELEASE_DATE # => "2023-03-30"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_PLATFORM</tt>
-
-The platform identifier:
-
-  RUBY_PLATFORM # => "x86_64-linux"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_PATCHLEVEL</tt>
-
-The integer patch level for this Ruby:
-
-  RUBY_PATCHLEVEL # => 53
-
-For a development build the patch level will be -1.
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_REVISION</tt>
-
-The git commit hash for this Ruby:
-
-  RUBY_REVISION # => "e51014f9c05aa65cbf203442d37fef7c12390015"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_COPYRIGHT</tt>
-
-The copyright string:
-
-  RUBY_COPYRIGHT
-  # => "ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2023 Yukihiro Matsumoto"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_ENGINE</tt>
-
-The name of the Ruby implementation:
-
-  RUBY_ENGINE # => "ruby"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION</tt>
-
-The version of the Ruby implementation:
-
-  RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION # => "3.2.2"
-
-=== <tt>RUBY_DESCRIPTION</tt>
-
-The description of the Ruby implementation:
-
-  RUBY_DESCRIPTION
-  # => "ruby 3.2.2 (2023-03-30 revision e51014f9c0) [x86_64-linux]"
-
-== Embedded \Data
-
-=== <tt>DATA</tt>
-
-Defined if and only if the program has this line:
-
-  __END__
-
-When defined, <tt>DATA</tt> is a File object
-containing the lines following the <tt>__END__</tt>,
-positioned at the first of those lines:
-
-  p DATA
-  DATA.each_line { |line| p line }
-  __END__
-  Foo
-  Bar
-  Baz
-
-Output:
-
-  #<File:t.rb>
-  "Foo\n"
-  "Bar\n"
-  "Baz\n"
diff --git a/doc/index.md b/doc/index.md
index 1dfe045042..596825a19c 100644
--- a/doc/index.md
+++ b/doc/index.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Use the following links to access the comprehensive set of libraries included wi
 
 Get involved with the Ruby community:
 
-- [Contribution Guide](rdoc-ref:contributing.md)
+- [Contribution Guide](rdoc-ref:contributing/contributing.md)
 - [Documentation Guide](rdoc-ref:contributing/documentation_guide.md)
 - [Reporting Issues](rdoc-ref:contributing/reporting_issues.md)
 - [Building Ruby](rdoc-ref:contributing/building_ruby.md)
diff --git a/doc/jit/yjit.md b/doc/jit/yjit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d91877c30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/jit/yjit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://yjit.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
+    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/224488/131155756-aa8fb528-a813-4dfd-99ac-8785c3d5eed7.png" width="400">
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+YJIT - Yet Another Ruby JIT
+===========================
+
+YJIT is a lightweight, minimalistic Ruby JIT built inside CRuby.
+It lazily compiles code using a Basic Block Versioning (BBV) architecture.
+YJIT is currently supported for macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs.
+This project is open source and falls under the same license as CRuby.
+
+<p align="center"><b>
+    If you're using YJIT in production, please
+    <a href="mailto:ruby@shopify.com">share your success stories with us!</a>
+</b></p>
+
+If you wish to learn more about the approach taken, here are some conference talks and publications:
+
+- MPLR 2023 talk: [Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVRmPZcNUhc)
+- RubyKaigi 2023 keynote: [Optimizing YJIT’s Performance, from Inception to Production](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0JRhh8w_4I)
+- RubyKaigi 2023 keynote: [Fitting Rust YJIT into CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI7vvAgP_Qs)
+- RubyKaigi 2022 keynote: [Stories from developing YJIT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMchdR9C8XM)
+- RubyKaigi 2022 talk: [Building a Lightweight IR and Backend for YJIT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbLGqTxTRp0)
+- RubyKaigi 2021 talk: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBVLf3yfMs8)
+- Blog post: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://pointersgonewild.com/2021/06/02/yjit-building-a-new-jit-compiler-inside-cruby/)
+- MPLR 2023 paper: [Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617651.3622982)
+- VMIL 2021 paper: [YJIT: A Basic Block Versioning JIT Compiler for CRuby](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3486606.3486781)
+- MoreVMs 2021 talk: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vucLAqv7qpc)
+- ECOOP 2016 talk: [Interprocedural Type Specialization of JavaScript Programs Without Type Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRNBY7Ss97A)
+- ECOOP 2016 paper: [Interprocedural Type Specialization of JavaScript Programs Without Type Analysis](https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2016/6101/pdf/LIPIcs-ECOOP-2016-7.pdf)
+- ECOOP 2015 talk: [Simple and Effective Type Check Removal through Lazy Basic Block Versioning](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-aHBuoiYE0)
+- ECOOP 2015 paper: [Simple and Effective Type Check Removal through Lazy Basic Block Versioning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.0352.pdf)
+
+To cite YJIT in your publications, please cite the MPLR 2023 paper:
+
+```BibTeX
+@inproceedings{yjit_mplr_2023,
+author = {Chevalier-Boisvert, Maxime and Kokubun, Takashi and Gibbs, Noah and Wu, Si Xing (Alan) and Patterson, Aaron and Issroff, Jemma},
+title = {Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach},
+year = {2023},
+isbn = {9798400703805},
+publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+address = {New York, NY, USA},
+url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3617651.3622982},
+doi = {10.1145/3617651.3622982},
+booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes},
+pages = {20–33},
+numpages = {14},
+keywords = {dynamically typed, optimization, just-in-time, virtual machine, ruby, compiler, bytecode},
+location = {Cascais, Portugal},
+series = {MPLR 2023}
+}
+```
+
+## Current Limitations
+
+YJIT may not be suitable for certain applications. It currently only supports macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs. YJIT will use more memory than the Ruby interpreter because the JIT compiler needs to generate machine code in memory and maintain additional state information.
+You can change how much executable memory is allocated using [YJIT's command-line options](#command-line-options).
+
+## Installation
+
+### Requirements
+
+You will need to install:
+
+ - All the usual build tools for Ruby. See [Building Ruby](../contributing/building_ruby.md)
+ - The Rust compiler `rustc`
+    - The Rust version must be [>= 1.58.0](../../yjit/Cargo.toml).
+ - Optionally, only if you wish to build in dev/debug mode, Rust's `cargo`
+
+If you don't intend on making code changes to YJIT itself, we recommend
+obtaining `rustc` through your OS's package manager since that
+likely reuses the same vendor which provides the C toolchain.
+
+If you will be changing YJIT's Rust code, we suggest using the
+[first-party installation method][rust-install] for Rust. Rust also provides
+first class [support][editor-tools] for many source code editors.
+
+[rust-install]: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
+[editor-tools]: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools
+
+### Building YJIT
+
+Start by cloning the `ruby/ruby` repository:
+
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby yjit
+cd yjit
+```
+
+The YJIT `ruby` binary can be built with either GCC or Clang.
+It can be built either in dev (debug) mode or in release mode.
+For maximum performance, compile YJIT in release mode with GCC.
+See [Building Ruby](rdoc-ref:contributing/building_ruby.md@building-ruby).
+
+```sh
+# Configure in release mode for maximum performance, build and install
+./autogen.sh
+./configure --enable-yjit --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
+make -j && make install
+```
+
+or
+
+```sh
+# Configure in lower-performance dev (debug) mode for development, build and install
+./autogen.sh
+./configure --enable-yjit=dev --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
+make -j && make install
+```
+
+Dev mode includes extended YJIT statistics, but can be slow. For only statistics you can configure in stats mode:
+
+```sh
+# Configure in extended-stats mode without slow runtime checks, build and install
+./autogen.sh
+./configure --enable-yjit=stats --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
+make -j && make install
+```
+
+On macOS, you may need to specify where to find some libraries:
+
+```sh
+# Install dependencies
+brew install openssl libyaml
+
+# Configure in dev (debug) mode for development, build and install
+./autogen.sh
+./configure --enable-yjit=dev --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl):$(brew --prefix readline):$(brew --prefix libyaml)"
+make -j && make install
+```
+
+Typically configure will choose the default C compiler. To specify the C compiler, use
+
+```sh
+# Choosing a specific c compiler
+export CC=/path/to/my/chosen/c/compiler
+```
+
+before running `./configure`.
+
+You can test that YJIT works correctly by running:
+
+```sh
+# Quick tests found in /bootstraptest
+make btest
+
+# Complete set of tests
+make -j test-all
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Examples
+
+Once YJIT is built, you can either use `./miniruby` from within your build directory, or switch to the YJIT version of `ruby`
+by using the `chruby` tool:
+
+```sh
+chruby ruby-yjit
+ruby myscript.rb
+```
+
+You can dump statistics about compilation and execution by running YJIT with the `--yjit-stats` command-line option:
+
+```sh
+./miniruby --yjit-stats myscript.rb
+```
+
+You can see what YJIT has compiled by running YJIT with the `--yjit-log` command-line option:
+
+```sh
+./miniruby --yjit-log myscript.rb
+```
+
+The machine code generated for a given method can be printed by adding `puts RubyVM::YJIT.disasm(method(:method_name))` to a Ruby script. Note that no code will be generated if the method is not compiled.
+
+<h3 id="command-line-options">Command-Line Options</h3>
+
+YJIT supports all command-line options supported by upstream CRuby, but also adds a few YJIT-specific options:
+
+- `--yjit`: enable YJIT (disabled by default)
+- `--yjit-mem-size=N`: soft limit on YJIT memory usage in MiB (default: 128). Tries to limit `code_region_size + yjit_alloc_size`
+- `--yjit-exec-mem-size=N`: hard limit on executable memory block in MiB. Limits `code_region_size`
+- `--yjit-call-threshold=N`: number of calls after which YJIT begins to compile a function.
+  It defaults to 30, and it's then increased to 120 when the number of ISEQs in the process reaches 40,000.
+- `--yjit-cold-threshold=N`: number of global calls after which an ISEQ is considered cold and not
+  compiled, lower values mean less code is compiled (default 200K)
+- `--yjit-stats`: print statistics after the execution of a program (incurs a run-time cost)
+- `--yjit-stats=quiet`: gather statistics while running a program but don't print them. Stats are accessible through `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`. (incurs a run-time cost)
+- `--yjit-log[=file|dir]`: log all compilation events to the specified file or directory. If no name is supplied, the last 1024 log entries will be printed to stderr when the application exits.
+- `--yjit-log=quiet`: gather a circular buffer of recent YJIT compilations. The compilation log entries are accessible through `RubyVM::YJIT.log` and old entries will be discarded if the buffer is not drained quickly. (incurs a run-time cost)
+- `--yjit-disable`: disable YJIT despite other `--yjit*` flags for lazily enabling it with `RubyVM::YJIT.enable`
+- `--yjit-code-gc`: enable code GC (disabled by default as of Ruby 3.3).
+  It will cause all machine code to be discarded when the executable memory size limit is hit, meaning JIT compilation will then start over.
+  This can allow you to use a lower executable memory size limit, but may cause a slight drop in performance when the limit is hit.
+- `--yjit-perf`: enable frame pointers and profiling with the `perf` tool
+- `--yjit-trace-exits`: produce a Marshal dump of backtraces from all exits. Automatically enables `--yjit-stats`
+- `--yjit-trace-exits=COUNTER`: produce a Marshal dump of backtraces from a counted exit or a fallback. Automatically enables `--yjit-stats`
+- `--yjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N`: trace exit locations only every Nth occurrence. Automatically enables `--yjit-trace-exits`
+
+Note that there is also an environment variable `RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE` which can be used to enable YJIT.
+This can be useful for some deployment scripts where specifying an extra command-line option to Ruby is not practical.
+
+You can also enable YJIT at run-time using `RubyVM::YJIT.enable`. This can allow you to enable YJIT after your application is done
+booting, which makes it possible to avoid compiling any initialization code.
+
+You can verify that YJIT is enabled using `RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?` or by checking that `ruby --yjit -v` includes the string `+YJIT`:
+
+```sh
+ruby --yjit -v
+ruby 3.3.0dev (2023-01-31T15:11:10Z master 2a0bf269c9) +YJIT dev [x86_64-darwin22]
+
+ruby --yjit -e "p RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?"
+true
+
+ruby -e "RubyVM::YJIT.enable; p RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?"
+true
+```
+
+### Benchmarking
+
+We have collected a set of benchmarks and implemented a simple benchmarking harness in the [yjit-bench](https://github.com/Shopify/yjit-bench) repository. This benchmarking harness is designed to disable CPU frequency scaling, set process affinity and disable address space randomization so that the variance between benchmarking runs will be as small as possible.
+
+## Performance Tips for Production Deployments
+
+While YJIT options default to what we think would work well for most workloads,
+they might not necessarily be the best configuration for your application.
+This section covers tips on improving YJIT performance in case YJIT does not
+speed up your application in production.
+
+### Increasing --yjit-mem-size
+
+The `--yjit-mem-size` value can be used to set the maximum amount of memory that YJIT
+is allowed to use. This corresponds to the total of `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:code_region_size]`
+and `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:yjit_alloc_size]`
+Increasing the `--yjit-mem-size` value means more code
+can be optimized by YJIT, at the cost of more memory usage.
+
+If you start Ruby with `--yjit-stats`, e.g. using an environment variable `RUBYOPT=--yjit-stats`,
+`RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:ratio_in_yjit]` shows the percentage of total YARV instructions
+executed by YJIT as opposed to the CRuby interpreter.
+Ideally, `ratio_in_yjit` should be as large as 99%, and increasing `--yjit-mem-size` often
+helps improving `ratio_in_yjit`.
+
+### Running workers as long as possible
+
+It's helpful to call the same code as many times as possible before a process restarts.
+If a process is killed too frequently, the time taken for compiling methods may outweigh
+the speedup obtained by compiling them.
+
+You should monitor the number of requests each process has served.
+If you're periodically killing worker processes, e.g. with `unicorn-worker-killer` or `puma_worker_killer`,
+you may want to reduce the killing frequency or increase the limit.
+
+## Reducing YJIT Memory Usage
+
+YJIT allocates memory for JIT code and metadata. Enabling YJIT generally results in more memory usage.
+This section goes over tips on minimizing YJIT memory usage in case it uses more than your capacity.
+
+### Decreasing --yjit-mem-size
+
+YJIT uses memory for compiled code and metadata. You can change the maximum amount of memory
+that YJIT can use by specifying a different `--yjit-mem-size` command-line option. The default value
+is currently `128`.
+When changing this value, you may want to monitor `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:ratio_in_yjit]`
+as explained above.
+
+### Enabling YJIT lazily
+
+If you enable YJIT by `--yjit` options or `RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1`, YJIT may compile code that is
+used only during the application boot. `RubyVM::YJIT.enable` allows you to enable YJIT from Ruby code,
+and you can call this after your application is initialized, e.g. on Unicorn's `after_fork` hook.
+If you use any YJIT options (`--yjit-*`), YJIT will start at boot by default, but `--yjit-disable`
+allows you to start Ruby with the YJIT-disabled mode while passing YJIT tuning options.
+
+## Code Optimization Tips
+
+This section contains tips on writing Ruby code that will run as fast as possible on YJIT. Some of this advice is based on current limitations of YJIT, while other advice is broadly applicable. It probably won't be practical to apply these tips everywhere in your codebase. You should ideally start by profiling your application using a tool such as [stackprof](https://github.com/tmm1/stackprof) so that you can determine which methods make up most of the execution time. You can then refactor the specific methods that make up the largest fractions of the execution time. We do not recommend modifying your entire codebase based on the current limitations of YJIT.
+
+- Avoid using `OpenStruct`
+- Avoid redefining basic integer operations (i.e. +, -, <, >, etc.)
+- Avoid redefining the meaning of `nil`, equality, etc.
+- Avoid allocating objects in the hot parts of your code
+- Minimize layers of indirection
+  - Avoid writing wrapper classes if you can (e.g. a class that only wraps a Ruby hash)
+  - Avoid methods that just call another method
+- Ruby method calls are costly. Avoid things such as methods that only return a value from a hash
+- Try to write code so that the same variables and method arguments always have the same type
+- Avoid using `TracePoint` as it can cause YJIT to deoptimize code
+- Avoid using `binding` as it can cause YJIT to deoptimize code
+
+You can also use the `--yjit-stats` command-line option to see which bytecodes cause YJIT to exit, and refactor your code to avoid using these instructions in the hottest methods of your code.
+
+### Other Statistics
+
+If you run `ruby` with `--yjit-stats`, YJIT will track and return performance statistics in `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`.
+
+```rb
+$ RUBYOPT="--yjit-stats" irb
+irb(main):001:0> RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats
+=>
+{:inline_code_size=>340745,
+ :outlined_code_size=>297664,
+ :all_stats=>true,
+ :yjit_insns_count=>1547816,
+ :send_callsite_not_simple=>7267,
+ :send_kw_splat=>7,
+ :send_ivar_set_method=>72,
+...
+```
+
+Some of the counters include:
+
+* `:yjit_insns_count` - how many Ruby bytecode instructions have been executed
+* `:binding_allocations` - number of bindings allocated
+* `:binding_set` - number of variables set via a binding
+* `:code_gc_count` - number of garbage collections of compiled code since process start
+* `:vm_insns_count` - number of instructions executed by the Ruby interpreter
+* `:compiled_iseq_count` - number of bytecode sequences compiled
+* `:inline_code_size` - size in bytes of main-line machine code
+* `:outlined_code_size` - size in bytes of relatively uncommonly executed machine code
+* `:side_exit_count` - number of side exits taken at runtime
+* `:total_exit_count` - number of exits, including side exits, taken at runtime
+* `:avg_len_in_yjit` - avg. number of instructions in compiled blocks before exiting to interpreter
+
+Counters starting with "exit_" show reasons for YJIT code taking a side exit (return to the interpreter.)
+
+Performance counter names are not guaranteed to remain the same between Ruby versions. If you're curious what each counter means,
+it's usually best to search the source code for it &mdash; but it may change in a later Ruby version.
+
+The printed text after a `--yjit-stats` run includes other information that may be named differently than the information in `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`.
+
+## Contributing
+
+We welcome open source contributions. You should feel free to open new issues to report bugs or just to ask questions.
+Suggestions on how to make this readme file more helpful for new contributors are most welcome.
+
+Bug fixes and bug reports are very valuable to us. If you find a bug in YJIT, it's very possible be that nobody has reported it before,
+or that we don't have a good reproduction for it, so please open an issue and provide as much information as you can about your configuration and a description of how you encountered the problem. List the commands you used to run YJIT so that we can easily reproduce the issue on our end and investigate it. If you are able to produce a small program reproducing the error to help us track it down, that is very much appreciated as well.
+
+If you would like to contribute a large patch to YJIT, we suggest opening an issue or a discussion on the [Shopify/ruby repository](https://github.com/Shopify/ruby/issues) so that
+we can have an active discussion. A common problem is that sometimes people submit large pull requests to open source projects
+without prior communication, and we have to reject them because the work they implemented does not fit within the design of the
+project. We want to save you time and frustration, so please reach out so we can have a productive discussion as to how
+you can contribute patches we will want to merge into YJIT.
+
+### Source Code Organization
+
+The YJIT source code is divided between:
+
+- `yjit.c`: code YJIT uses to interface with the rest of CRuby
+- `yjit.h`: C definitions YJIT exposes to the rest of the CRuby
+- `yjit.rb`: `YJIT` Ruby module that is exposed to Ruby
+- `yjit/src/asm/*`: in-memory assembler we use to generate machine code
+- `yjit/src/codegen.rs`: logic for translating Ruby bytecode to machine code
+- `yjit/src/core.rb`: basic block versioning logic, core structure of YJIT
+- `yjit/src/stats.rs`: gathering of run-time statistics
+- `yjit/src/options.rs`: handling of command-line options
+- `yjit/src/cruby.rs`: C bindings manually exposed to the Rust codebase
+- `yjit/bindgen/src/main.rs`: C bindings exposed to the Rust codebase through bindgen
+
+The core of CRuby's interpreter logic is found in:
+
+- `insns.def`: defines Ruby's bytecode instructions (gets compiled into `vm.inc`)
+- `vm_insnshelper.c`: logic used by Ruby's bytecode instructions
+- `vm_exec.c`: Ruby interpreter loop
+
+### Generating C bindings with bindgen
+
+In order to expose C functions to the Rust codebase, you will need to generate C bindings:
+
+```sh
+CC=clang ./configure --enable-yjit=dev
+make -j yjit-bindgen
+```
+
+This uses the bindgen tools to generate/update `yjit/src/cruby_bindings.inc.rs` based on the
+bindings listed in `yjit/bindgen/src/main.rs`. Avoid manually editing this file
+as it could be automatically regenerated at a later time. If you need to manually add C bindings,
+add them to `yjit/cruby.rs` instead.
+
+### Coding & Debugging Protips
+
+There are multiple test suites:
+
+- `make btest` (see `/bootstraptest`)
+- `make test-all`
+- `make test-spec`
+- `make check` runs all of the above
+- `make yjit-check` runs quick checks to see that YJIT is working correctly
+
+The tests can be run in parallel like this:
+
+```sh
+make -j test-all RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+```
+
+Or single-threaded like this, to more easily identify which specific test is failing:
+
+```sh
+make test-all TESTOPTS=--verbose RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+```
+
+To run a single test file with `test-all`:
+
+```sh
+make test-all TESTS='test/-ext-/marshal/test_usrmarshal.rb' RUNRUBYOPT=--debugger=lldb RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+```
+
+It's also possible to filter tests by name to run a single test:
+
+```sh
+make test-all TESTS='-n /test_float_plus/' RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+```
+
+You can also run one specific test in `btest`:
+
+```sh
+make btest BTESTS=bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
+```
+
+There are shortcuts to run/debug your own test/repro in `test.rb`:
+
+```sh
+make run  # runs ./miniruby test.rb
+make lldb # launches ./miniruby test.rb in lldb
+```
+
+You can use the Intel syntax for disassembly in LLDB, keeping it consistent with YJIT's disassembly:
+
+```sh
+echo "settings set target.x86-disassembly-flavor intel" >> ~/.lldbinit
+```
+
+## Running x86 YJIT on Apple's Rosetta
+
+For development purposes, it is possible to run x86 YJIT on an Apple M1 via Rosetta.  You can find basic
+instructions below, but there are a few caveats listed further down.
+
+First, install Rosetta:
+
+```console
+$ softwareupdate --install-rosetta
+```
+
+Now any command can be run with Rosetta via the `arch` command line tool.
+
+Then you can start your shell in an x86 environment:
+
+```console
+$ arch -x86_64 zsh
+```
+
+You can double check your current architecture via the `arch` command:
+
+```console
+$ arch -x86_64 zsh
+$ arch
+i386
+```
+
+You may need to set the default target for `rustc` to x86-64, e.g.
+
+```console
+$ rustup default stable-x86_64-apple-darwin
+```
+
+While in your i386 shell, install Cargo and Homebrew, then hack away!
+
+### Rosetta Caveats
+
+1. You must install a version of Homebrew for each architecture
+2. Cargo will install in $HOME/.cargo by default, and I don't know a good way to change architectures after install
+
+If you use Fish shell you can [read this link](https://tenderlovemaking.com/2022/01/07/homebrew-rosetta-and-ruby.html) for information on making the dev environment easier.
+
+## Profiling with Linux perf
+
+`--yjit-perf` allows you to profile JIT-ed methods along with other native functions using Linux perf.
+When you run Ruby with `perf record`, perf looks up `/tmp/perf-{pid}.map` to resolve symbols in JIT code,
+and this option lets YJIT write method symbols into that file as well as enabling frame pointers.
+
+### Call graph
+
+Here's an example way to use this option with [Firefox Profiler](https://profiler.firefox.com)
+(See also: [Profiling with Linux perf](https://profiler.firefox.com/docs/#/./guide-perf-profiling)):
+
+```bash
+# Compile the interpreter with frame pointers enabled
+./configure --enable-yjit --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc cflags=-fno-omit-frame-pointer
+make -j && make install
+
+# [Optional] Allow running perf without sudo
+echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
+echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid
+
+# Profile Ruby with --yjit-perf
+cd ../yjit-bench
+PERF="record --call-graph fp" ruby --yjit-perf -Iharness-perf benchmarks/liquid-render/benchmark.rb
+
+# View results on Firefox Profiler https://profiler.firefox.com.
+# Create /tmp/test.perf as below and upload it using "Load a profile from file".
+perf script --fields +pid > /tmp/test.perf
+```
+
+### YJIT codegen
+
+You can also profile the number of cycles consumed by code generated by each YJIT function.
+
+```bash
+# Install perf
+apt-get install linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic linux-tools-`uname -r`
+
+# [Optional] Allow running perf without sudo
+echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
+echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid
+
+# Profile Ruby with --yjit-perf=codegen
+cd ../yjit-bench
+PERF=record ruby --yjit-perf=codegen -Iharness-perf benchmarks/lobsters/benchmark.rb
+
+# Aggregate results
+perf script > /tmp/perf.txt
+../ruby/misc/jit_perf.py /tmp/perf.txt
+```
+
+#### Building perf with Python support
+
+The above instructions work fine for most people, but you could also use
+a handy `perf script -s` interface if you build perf from source.
+
+```bash
+# Build perf from source for Python support
+sudo apt-get install libpython3-dev python3-pip flex libtraceevent-dev \
+  libelf-dev libunwind-dev libaudit-dev libslang2-dev libdw-dev
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/torvalds/linux
+cd linux/tools/perf
+make
+make install
+
+# Aggregate results
+perf script -s ../ruby/misc/jit_perf.py
+```
diff --git a/doc/jit/zjit.md b/doc/jit/zjit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebe5cc4f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/jit/zjit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/27abfe03-3e96-4220-b6f1-278bb0c87684" width="400">
+</p>
+
+# ZJIT: ADVANCED RUBY JIT PROTOTYPE
+
+ZJIT is a method-based just-in-time (JIT) compiler for Ruby. It uses profile
+information from the interpreter to guide optimization in the compiler.
+
+ZJIT is currently supported for macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs.
+This project is open source and falls under the same license as CRuby.
+
+## Current Limitations
+
+ZJIT may not be suitable for certain applications. It currently only supports macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs. ZJIT will use more memory than the Ruby interpreter because the JIT compiler needs to generate machine code in memory and maintain additional state information.
+You can change how much executable memory is allocated using [ZJIT's command-line options](rdoc-ref:@Command-Line+Options).
+
+## Contributing
+
+We welcome open source contributions. Feel free to open new issues to report
+bugs or just to ask questions. Suggestions on how to make this document more
+helpful for new contributors are most welcome.
+
+Bug fixes and bug reports are very valuable to us. If you find a bug in ZJIT,
+it's very possible that nobody has reported it before, or that we don't have
+a good reproduction for it, so please open a ticket on [the official Ruby bug
+tracker][rubybugs] (or, if you don't want to make an account, [on
+Shopify/ruby][shopifyruby]) and provide as much information as you can about
+your configuration and a description of how you encountered the problem. List
+the commands you used to run ZJIT so that we can easily reproduce the issue on
+our end and investigate it. If you are able to produce a small program
+reproducing the error to help us track it down, that is very much appreciated
+as well.
+
+[rubybugs]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master
+[shopifyruby]: https://github.com/Shopify/ruby/issues
+
+If you would like to contribute a large patch to ZJIT, we suggest [chatting on
+Zulip][zulip] for a casual chat and then opening an issue on the [Shopify/ruby
+repository][shopifyruby] so that we can have a technical discussion. A common
+problem is that sometimes people submit large pull requests to open source
+projects without prior communication, and we have to reject them because the
+work they implemented does not fit within the design of the project. We want to
+save you time and frustration, so please reach out so we can have a productive
+discussion as to how you can contribute patches we will want to merge into
+ZJIT.
+
+[zulip]: https://zjit.zulipchat.com/
+
+## Build Instructions
+
+Refer to [Building Ruby](rdoc-ref:contributing/building_ruby.md) for general build prerequisites.
+Additionally, ZJIT requires Rust 1.85.0 or later. Release builds need only `rustc`. Development
+builds require `cargo` and may download dependencies. GNU Make is required.
+
+### For normal use
+
+To build ZJIT on macOS:
+
+```bash
+./autogen.sh
+
+./configure \
+    --enable-zjit \
+    --prefix="$HOME"/.rubies/ruby-zjit \
+    --disable-install-doc \
+    --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl):$(brew --prefix readline):$(brew --prefix libyaml)"
+
+make -j miniruby
+```
+
+To build ZJIT on Linux:
+
+```bash
+./autogen.sh
+
+./configure \
+    --enable-zjit \
+    --prefix="$HOME"/.rubies/ruby-zjit \
+    --disable-install-doc
+
+make -j miniruby
+```
+
+### For development
+
+To build ZJIT on macOS:
+
+```bash
+./autogen.sh
+
+./configure \
+    --enable-zjit=dev \
+    --prefix="$HOME"/.rubies/ruby-zjit \
+    --disable-install-doc \
+    --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl):$(brew --prefix readline):$(brew --prefix libyaml)"
+
+make -j miniruby
+```
+
+To build ZJIT on Linux:
+
+```bash
+./autogen.sh
+
+./configure \
+    --enable-zjit=dev \
+    --prefix="$HOME"/.rubies/ruby-zjit \
+    --disable-install-doc
+
+make -j miniruby
+```
+
+Note that `--enable-zjit=dev` does a lot of IR validation, which will help to catch errors early but mean compilation and warmup are significantly slower.
+
+The valid values for `--enable-zjit` are, from fastest to slowest:
+* `--enable-zjit`: enable ZJIT in release mode for maximum performance
+* `--enable-zjit=stats`: enable ZJIT in extended-stats mode
+* `--enable-zjit=dev_nodebug`: enable ZJIT in development mode but without slow runtime checks
+* `--enable-zjit=dev`: enable ZJIT in debug mode for development, also enables `RUBY_DEBUG`
+
+### Regenerate bindings
+
+When modifying `zjit/bindgen/src/main.rs` you need to regenerate bindings in `zjit/src/cruby_bindings.inc.rs` with:
+
+```bash
+make zjit-bindgen
+```
+
+## Documentation
+
+### Command-Line Options
+
+See `ruby --help` for ZJIT-specific command-line options:
+
+```
+$ ruby --help
+...
+ZJIT options:
+  --zjit-mem-size=num
+                  Max amount of memory that ZJIT can use in MiB (default: 128).
+  --zjit-call-threshold=num
+                  Number of calls to trigger JIT (default: 30).
+  --zjit-num-profiles=num
+                  Number of profiled calls before JIT (default: 5).
+  --zjit-stats[=quiet]
+                  Enable collecting ZJIT statistics (=quiet to suppress output).
+  --zjit-disable  Disable ZJIT for lazily enabling it with RubyVM::ZJIT.enable.
+  --zjit-perf     Dump ISEQ symbols into /tmp/perf-{}.map for Linux perf.
+  --zjit-log-compiled-iseqs=path
+                  Log compiled ISEQs to the file. The file will be truncated.
+  --zjit-trace-exits[=counter]
+                  Record source on side-exit. `Counter` picks specific counter.
+  --zjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=num
+                  Frequency at which to record side exits. Must be `usize`.
+$
+```
+
+### Source level documentation
+
+You can generate and open the source level documentation in your browser using:
+
+```bash
+cargo doc --document-private-items -p zjit --open
+```
+
+### Graph of the Type System
+
+You can generate a graph of the ZJIT type hierarchy using:
+
+```bash
+ruby zjit/src/hir_type/gen_hir_type.rb > zjit/src/hir_type/hir_type.inc.rs
+dot -O -Tpdf zjit_types.dot
+open zjit_types.dot.pdf
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+Note that tests link against CRuby, so directly calling `cargo test`, or `cargo nextest` should not build. All tests are instead accessed through `make`.
+
+### Setup
+
+First, ensure you have `cargo` installed. If you do not already have it, you can use [rustup.rs](https://rustup.rs/).
+
+Also install cargo-binstall with:
+
+```bash
+cargo install cargo-binstall
+```
+
+Make sure to add `--enable-zjit=dev` when you run `configure`, then install the following tools:
+
+```bash
+cargo binstall --secure cargo-nextest
+cargo binstall --secure cargo-insta
+```
+
+`cargo-insta` is used for updating snapshots. `cargo-nextest` runs each test in its own process, which is valuable since CRuby only supports booting once per process, and most APIs are not thread safe.
+
+### Running unit tests
+
+For testing functionality within ZJIT, use:
+
+```bash
+make zjit-test
+```
+
+You can also run a single test case by specifying the function name:
+
+```bash
+make zjit-test ZJIT_TESTS=test_putobject
+```
+
+#### Snapshot Testing
+
+ZJIT uses [insta](https://insta.rs/) for snapshot testing within unit tests. When tests fail due to snapshot mismatches, pending snapshots are created. The test command will notify you if there are pending snapshots:
+
+```
+Pending snapshots found. Accept with: make zjit-test-update
+```
+
+To update/accept all the snapshot changes:
+
+```bash
+make zjit-test-update
+```
+
+You can also review snapshot changes interactively one by one:
+
+```bash
+cd zjit && cargo insta review
+```
+
+Test changes will be reviewed alongside code changes.
+
+### Running integration tests
+
+This command runs Ruby execution tests.
+
+```bash
+make test-all TESTS="test/ruby/test_zjit.rb"
+```
+
+You can also run a single test case by matching the method name:
+
+```bash
+make test-all TESTS="test/ruby/test_zjit.rb -n TestZJIT#test_putobject"
+```
+
+### Running all tests
+
+Runs both `make zjit-test` and `test/ruby/test_zjit.rb`:
+
+```bash
+make zjit-check
+```
+
+## Statistics Collection
+
+ZJIT provides detailed statistics about JIT compilation and execution behavior.
+
+### Basic Stats
+
+Run with basic statistics printed on exit:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit-stats script.rb
+```
+
+Collect stats without printing (access via `RubyVM::ZJIT.stats` in Ruby):
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit-stats=quiet script.rb
+```
+
+### Accessing Stats in Ruby
+
+```ruby
+# Check if stats are enabled
+if RubyVM::ZJIT.stats_enabled?
+  stats = RubyVM::ZJIT.stats
+  puts "Compiled ISEQs: #{stats[:compiled_iseq_count]}"
+  puts "Failed ISEQs: #{stats[:failed_iseq_count]}"
+
+  # You can also reset stats during execution
+  RubyVM::ZJIT.reset_stats!
+end
+```
+
+### Performance Ratio
+
+The `ratio_in_zjit` stat shows the percentage of Ruby instructions executed in JIT code vs interpreter.
+This metric only appears when ZJIT is built with `--enable-zjit=stats` [or more](#build-instructions) (which enables `rb_vm_insn_count` tracking) and represents a key performance indicator for ZJIT effectiveness.
+
+### Tracing side exits
+
+`--zjit-trace-exits` records a backtrace every time compiled code takes a
+side exit.  The output is a [Fuchsia Trace Format](https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/reference/tracing/trace-format)
+(`.fxt`) file written to `/tmp/perfetto-{pid}.fxt`, which can be opened
+directly in [Perfetto UI](https://ui.perfetto.dev/) or queried with the
+[Perfetto trace processor](https://perfetto.dev/docs/quickstart/trace-analysis).
+
+```bash
+$ ./miniruby --zjit-trace-exits -e '
+def poly(x)
+  x.to_s
+end
+
+30.times { poly(1) }
+30.times { poly("hello") }
+30.times { poly(:sym) }
+'
+ZJIT: writing trace exits to /tmp/perfetto-123456.fxt
+```
+
+To find the hottest side-exit locations, open the `.fxt` file in
+[Perfetto UI](https://ui.perfetto.dev/) and run an SQL query via the
+"Query (SQL)" tab in the bottom panel. Alternatively, download
+`trace_processor_shell` to query from the command line:
+
+```bash
+curl -Lo /tmp/trace_processor_shell https://get.perfetto.dev/trace_processor
+chmod +x /tmp/trace_processor_shell
+
+/tmp/trace_processor_shell /tmp/perfetto-123456.fxt -Q "
+SELECT reason, backtrace, count(*) AS exits FROM (
+  SELECT
+    s.id,
+    s.name AS reason,
+    group_concat(a.display_value, ' <- ') AS backtrace
+  FROM slice s
+  JOIN args a USING(arg_set_id)
+  WHERE s.category = 'side_exit'
+  GROUP BY s.id
+)
+GROUP BY reason, backtrace
+ORDER BY exits DESC
+LIMIT 30
+"
+```
+
+Example output:
+
+```
+"reason","backtrace","exits"
+"GuardType(Fixnum)","Object#poly (-e) <- block in <main> (-e) <- Integer#times (<internal:numeric>) <- <main> (-e)",60
+```
+
+You can also trace a specific counter with `--zjit-trace-exits=<counter_name>`
+(e.g. `--zjit-trace-exits=exit_compile_error`), or downsample with
+`--zjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N` to record every N-th exit.
+Enabling `--zjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N` will automatically enable
+`--zjit-trace-exits`.
+
+### Viewing HIR as text
+
+The compiled ZJIT HIR can be viewed as text using the `--zjit-dump-hir` option. However, HIR will only be generated if the call threshold is reached (default 30). By setting the threshold to 1 you can easily view the HIR for code snippets such as `1 + 1`:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit --zjit-dump-hir --zjit-call-threshold=1 -e "1 + 1"
+```
+
+Note that this disables profiling. To inject interpreter profiles into ZJIT, consider running your sample code 30 times:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit --zjit-dump-hir -e "30.times { 1 + 1 }"
+```
+
+### Viewing HIR in Iongraph
+
+Using `--zjit-dump-hir-iongraph` will dump all compiled functions into a directory named `/tmp/zjit-iongraph-{PROCESS_PID}`. Each file will be named `func_{ZJIT_FUNC_NAME}.json`. In order to use them in the Iongraph viewer, you'll need to use `jq` to collate them to a single file. An example invocation of `jq` is shown below for reference.
+
+`jq --slurp --null-input '.functions=inputs | .version=1' /tmp/zjit-iongraph-{PROCESS_PID}/func*.json > ~/Downloads/ion.json`
+
+From there, you can use https://mozilla-spidermonkey.github.io/iongraph/ to view your trace.
+
+### Printing ZJIT Errors
+
+`--zjit-debug` prints ZJIT compilation errors and other diagnostics:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit-debug script.rb
+```
+
+As you might guess from the name, this option is intended mostly for ZJIT developers.
+
+## Useful dev commands
+
+To view YARV output for code snippets:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --dump=insns -e0
+```
+
+To run code snippets with ZJIT:
+
+```bash
+./miniruby --zjit -e0
+```
+
+You can also try https://www.rubyexplorer.xyz/ to view Ruby YARV disasm output with syntax highlighting
+in a way that can be easily shared with other team members.
+
+## Understanding Ruby Stacks
+
+Ruby execution involves three distinct stacks and understanding them will help you understand ZJIT's implementation:
+
+### 1. Native Stack
+
+- **Purpose**: Return addresses and saved registers. ZJIT also uses it for some C functions' argument arrays
+- **Management**: OS-managed, one per native thread
+- **Growth**: Downward from high addresses
+- **Constants**: `NATIVE_STACK_PTR`, `NATIVE_BASE_PTR`
+
+### 2. Ruby VM Stack
+
+The Ruby VM uses a single contiguous memory region (`ec->vm_stack`) containing two sub-stacks that grow toward each other. When they meet, stack overflow occurs.
+
+See [doc/contributing/vm_stack_and_frames.md](rdoc-ref:contributing/vm_stack_and_frames.md) for detailed architecture and frame layout.
+
+**Control Frame Stack:**
+
+- **Stores**: Frame metadata (`rb_control_frame_t` structures)
+- **Growth**: Downward from `vm_stack + size` (high addresses)
+- **Constants**: `CFP`
+
+**Value Stack:**
+
+- **Stores**: YARV bytecode operands (self, arguments, locals, temporaries)
+- **Growth**: Upward from `vm_stack` (low addresses)
+- **Constants**: `SP`
+
+## ZJIT Glossary
+
+This glossary contains terms that are helpful for understanding ZJIT.
+
+Please note that some terms may appear in CRuby internals too but with different meanings.
+
+| Term              | Definition                                                                                                                      |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| HIR               | High-level Intermediate Representation. High-level (Ruby semantics) graph representation in static single-assignment (SSA) form |
+| LIR               | Low-level Intermediate Representation. Low-level IR used in the backend for assembly generation                                 |
+| SSA               | Static Single Assignment. A form where each variable is assigned exactly once                                                   |
+| `opnd`            | Operand. An operand to an IR instruction (can be register, memory, immediate, etc.)                                             |
+| `dst`             | Destination. The output operand of an instruction where the result is stored                                                    |
+| VReg              | Virtual Register. A virtual register that gets lowered to physical register or memory                                           |
+| `insn_id`         | Instruction ID. An index of an instruction in a function                                                                        |
+| `block_id`        | The index of a basic block, which effectively acts like a pointer                                                               |
+| `branch`          | Control flow edge between basic blocks in the compiled code                                                                     |
+| `cb`              | Code Block. Memory region for generated machine code                                                                            |
+| `entry`           | The starting address of compiled code for an ISEQ                                                                               |
+| Patch Point       | Location in generated code that can be modified later in case assumptions get invalidated                                       |
+| Frame State       | Captured state of the Ruby stack frame at a specific point for deoptimization                                                   |
+| Guard             | A run-time check that ensures assumptions are still valid                                                                       |
+| `invariant`       | An assumption that JIT code relies on, requiring invalidation if broken                                                         |
+| Deopt             | Deoptimization. Process of falling back from JIT code to interpreter                                                            |
+| Side Exit         | Exit from JIT code back to interpreter                                                                                          |
+| Type Lattice      | Hierarchy of types used for type inference and optimization                                                                     |
+| Constant Folding  | Optimization that evaluates constant expressions at compile time                                                                |
+| RSP               | x86-64 stack pointer register used for native stack operations                                                                  |
+| Register Spilling | Process of moving register values to memory when running out of physical registers                                              |
diff --git a/doc/language/box.md b/doc/language/box.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92514b3ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/box.md
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+# Ruby Box - Ruby's in-process separation of Classes and Modules
+
+Ruby Box is designed to provide separated spaces in a Ruby process, to isolate application code, libraries and monkey patches.
+
+## Known issues
+
+* Experimental warning is shown when ruby starts with `RUBY_BOX=1` (specify `-W:no-experimental` option to hide it)
+* Installing native extensions may fail under `RUBY_BOX=1` because of stack level too deep in extconf.rb
+* `require 'active_support/core_ext'` may fail under `RUBY_BOX=1`
+* Defined methods in a box may not be referred by built-in methods written in Ruby
+
+## TODOs
+
+* Add the loaded box on iseq to check if another box tries running the iseq (add a field only when VM_CHECK_MODE?)
+* Assign its own TOPLEVEL_BINDING in boxes
+* Fix calling `warn` in boxes to refer `$VERBOSE` and `Warning.warn` in the box
+* Make an internal data container class `Ruby::Box::Entry` invisible
+* More test cases about `$LOAD_PATH` and `$LOADED_FEATURES`
+
+## How to use
+
+### Enabling Ruby Box
+
+First, an environment variable should be set at the ruby process bootup: `RUBY_BOX=1`.
+The only valid value is `1` to enable Ruby Box. Other values (or unset `RUBY_BOX`) means disabling Ruby Box. And setting the value after Ruby program starts doesn't work.
+
+### Using Ruby Box
+
+`Ruby::Box` class is the entrypoint of Ruby Box.
+
+```ruby
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require('something') # or require_relative, load
+```
+
+The required file (either .rb or .so/.dll/.bundle) is loaded in the box (`box` here). The required/loaded files from `something` will be loaded in the box recursively.
+
+```ruby
+# something.rb
+
+X = 1
+
+class Something
+  def self.x = X
+  def x = ::X
+end
+```
+
+Classes/modules, those methods and constants defined in the box can be accessed via `box` object.
+
+```ruby
+X = 2
+p X                 # 2
+p ::X               # 2
+p box::Something.x  # 1
+p box::X            # 1
+```
+
+Instance methods defined in the box also run with definitions in the box.
+
+```ruby
+s = box::Something.new
+
+p s.x  # 1
+```
+
+## Specifications
+
+### Ruby Box types
+
+There are three box types:
+
+* Master box
+* Root box
+* User boxes
+
+Ruby bootstrap runs in the root box, and a
+
+There is the root box, just a single box in a Ruby process. All builtin classes/modules are defined and run in the root box. (See "Builtin classes and modules".)
+
+User boxes are to run user-written programs and libraries loaded from user programs. The user's main program (specified by the `ruby` command line argument) is executed in the "main" box, which is a user box automatically created at the end of Ruby's bootstrap. The files specified with `-r` command line option will be required in the main box.
+
+Calling `Ruby::Box.new` creates an "optional" box (a user, non-main box), technically equal to the main box.
+
+Ruby also has the master box. The master box is the "master copy" of all boxes. Boxes will be created as a copy of the master box. The master box is only for the source of box copies, and no code runs in the master box.
+
+
+```
+[master]
+ |
+ |----[root]
+ |
+ |----[main]
+ |
+ |----[user box 1]
+ |
+ |----[user box 2]
+ ...
+```
+
+### Ruby Box class and instances
+
+`Ruby::Box` is a class, as a subclass of `Module`. `Ruby::Box` instances are a kind of `Module`.
+
+### Classes and modules defined in boxes
+
+The classes and modules, newly defined in a box `box`, are accessible via `box`. For example, if a class `A` is defined in `box`, it is accessible as `box::A` from outside of the box.
+
+In the box `box`, `A` can be referred to as `A` (and `::A`).
+
+### Built-in classes and modules reopened in boxes
+
+In boxes, builtin classes/modules are visible and can be reopened. Those classes/modules can be reopened using `class` or `module` clauses, and class/module definitions can be changed.
+
+The changed definitions are visible only in the box. In other boxes, builtin classes/modules and those instances work without changed definitions.
+
+```ruby
+# in foo.rb
+class String
+  BLANK_PATTERN = /\A\s*\z/
+  def blank?
+    self.match?(BLANK_PATTERN)
+  end
+end
+
+module Foo
+  def self.foo = "foo"
+
+  def self.foo_is_blank?
+    foo.blank?
+  end
+end
+
+Foo.foo.blank? #=> false
+"foo".blank?   #=> false
+
+# in main.rb
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')
+
+box::Foo.foo_is_blank? #=> false   (#blank? called in box)
+
+"foo".blank?          # NoMethodError
+String::BLANK_PATTERN # NameError
+```
+
+The main box and `box` above are different boxes, so monkey patches in main are also invisible in `box`.
+
+### Builtin classes and modules
+
+In the box context, "builtin" classes and modules are classes and modules:
+
+* Accessible without any `require` calls in user scripts
+* Defined before any user program start running
+
+Hereafter, "builtin classes and modules" will be referred to as just "builtin classes".
+
+Builtin classes and modules are loaded in all boxes, and run in the root box.
+
+### Exceptional non-built-in classes/modules
+
+There are some exceptional classes/modules that are enabled in default, but aren't built-in classes. Those classes/modules are:
+
+* `RubyGems`
+* `ErrorHighlight`
+* `DidYouMean`
+* `SyntaxSuggest`
+
+Those classes/modules (part of default gems) are loaded in each boxes independently. If a user box's code calls RubyGems, it calls the RubyGems inside the box itself, instead of the root box's one.
+
+### Builtin classes referred via box objects
+
+Builtin classes in a box `box` can be referred from other boxes. For example, `box::String` is a valid reference, and `String` and `box::String` are identical (`String == box::String`, `String.object_id == box::String.object_id`).
+
+`box::String`-like reference returns just a `String` in the current box, so its definition is `String` in the box, not in `box`.
+
+```ruby
+# foo.rb
+class String
+  def self.foo = "foo"
+end
+
+# main.rb
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')
+
+box::String.foo  # NoMethodError
+```
+
+### Class instance variables, class variables, constants
+
+Builtin classes can have different sets of class instance variables, class variables and constants between boxes.
+
+```ruby
+# foo.rb
+class Array
+  @v = "foo"
+  @@v = "_foo_"
+  V = "FOO"
+end
+
+Array.instance_variable_get(:@v) #=> "foo"
+Array.class_variable_get(:@@v)   #=> "_foo_"
+Array.const_get(:V)              #=> "FOO"
+
+# main.rb
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')
+
+Array.instance_variable_get(:@v) #=> nil
+Array.class_variable_get(:@@v)   # NameError
+Array.const_get(:V)              # NameError
+```
+
+### Global variables
+
+In boxes, changes on global variables are also isolated in the boxes. Changes on global variables in a box are visible/applied only in the box.
+
+```ruby
+# foo.rb
+$foo = "foo"
+$VERBOSE = nil
+
+puts "This appears: '#{$foo}'"
+
+# main.rb
+p $foo      #=> nil
+p $VERBOSE  #=> false
+
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')  # "This appears: 'foo'"
+
+p $foo      #=> nil
+p $VERBOSE  #=> false
+```
+
+### Top level constants
+
+Usually, top level constants are defined as constants of `Object`. In boxes, top level constants are constants of `Object` in the box. And the box object `box`'s constants are strictly equal to constants of `Object`.
+
+```ruby
+# foo.rb
+FOO = 100
+
+FOO         #=> 100
+Object::FOO #=> 100
+
+# main.rb
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')
+
+box::FOO      #=> 100
+
+FOO          # NameError
+Object::FOO  # NameError
+```
+
+### Top level methods
+
+Top level methods are private instance methods of `Object`, in each box.
+
+```ruby
+# foo.rb
+def yay = "foo"
+
+class Foo
+  def self.say = yay
+end
+
+Foo.say #=> "foo"
+yay     #=> "foo"
+
+# main.rb
+box = Ruby::Box.new
+box.require_relative('foo')
+
+box::Foo.say  #=> "foo"
+
+yay  # NoMethodError
+```
+
+There is no way to expose top level methods in boxes to others.
+(See "Expose top level methods as a method of the box object" in "Discussions" section below)
+
+### Ruby Box scopes
+
+Ruby Box works in file scope. One `.rb` file runs in a single box.
+
+Once a file is loaded in a box `box`, all methods/procs defined/created in the file run in `box`.
+
+### Utility methods
+
+Several methods are available for trying/testing Ruby Box.
+
+* `Ruby::Box.current` returns the current box
+* `Ruby::Box.enabled?` returns true/false to represent `RUBY_BOX=1` is specified or not
+* `Ruby::Box.root` returns the root box
+* `Ruby::Box.main` returns the main box
+* `Ruby::Box#eval` evaluates a Ruby code (String) in the receiver box, just like calling `#load` with a file
+
+## Implementation details
+
+#### ISeq inline method/constant cache
+
+As described above in "Ruby Box scopes", an ".rb" file runs in a box. So method/constant resolution will be done in a box consistently.
+
+That means ISeq inline caches work well even with boxes. Otherwise, it's a bug.
+
+#### Method call global cache (gccct)
+
+`rb_funcall()` C function refers to the global cc cache table (gccct), and the cache key is calculated with the current box.
+
+So, `rb_funcall()` calls have a performance penalty when Ruby Box is enabled.
+
+#### Current box and loading box
+
+The current box is the box that the executing code is in. `Ruby::Box.current` returns the current box object.
+
+The loading box is an internally managed box to determine the box to load newly required/loaded files. For example, `box` is the loading box when `box.require("foo")` is called.
+
+## Discussions
+
+#### More builtin methods written in Ruby
+
+If Ruby Box is enabled by default, builtin methods can be written in Ruby because it can't be overridden by users' monkey patches. Builtin Ruby methods can be JIT-ed, and it could bring performance reward.
+
+#### Monkey patching methods called by builtin methods
+
+Builtin methods sometimes call other builtin methods. For example, `Hash#map` calls `Hash#each` to retrieve entries to be mapped. Without Ruby Box, Ruby users can overwrite `Hash#each` and expect the behavior change of `Hash#map` as a result.
+
+But with boxes, `Hash#map` runs in the root box. Ruby users can define `Hash#each` only in user boxes, so users cannot change `Hash#map`'s behavior in this case. To achieve it, users should override both`Hash#map` and `Hash#each` (or only `Hash#map`).
+
+It is a breaking change.
+
+Users can define methods using `Ruby::Box.root.eval(...)`, but it's clearly not ideal API.
+
+#### Assigning values to global variables used by builtin methods
+
+Similar to monkey patching methods, global variables assigned in a box is separated from the root box. Methods defined in the root box referring a global variable can't find the re-assigned one.
+
+#### Context of `$LOAD_PATH` and `$LOADED_FEATURES`
+
+Global variables `$LOAD_PATH` and `$LOADED_FEATURES` control `require` method behaviors. So those variables are determined by the loading box instead of the current box.
+
+This could potentially conflict with the user's expectations. We should find the solution.
+
+#### Expose top level methods as a method of the box object
+
+Currently, top level methods in boxes are not accessible from outside of the box. But there might be a use case to call other box's top level methods.
+
+#### Separate `cc_tbl` and `callable_m_tbl`, `cvc_tbl` for less classext CoW
+
+The fields of `rb_classext_t` contains several cache(-like) data, `cc_tbl`(callcache table), `callable_m_tbl`(table of resolved complemented methods) and `cvc_tbl`(class variable cache table).
+
+The classext CoW is triggered when the contents of `rb_classext_t` are changed, including `cc_tbl`, `callable_m_tbl`, and `cvc_tbl`. But those three tables are changed by just calling methods or referring class variables. So, currently, classext CoW is triggered much more times than the original expectation.
+
+If we can move those three tables outside of `rb_classext_t`, the number of copied `rb_classext_t` will be much less than the current implementation.
diff --git a/doc/bsearch.rdoc b/doc/language/bsearch.rdoc
index 90705853d7..90705853d7 100644
--- a/doc/bsearch.rdoc
+++ b/doc/language/bsearch.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/language/calendars.rdoc b/doc/language/calendars.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2540f1c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/calendars.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+== Julian and Gregorian Calendars
+
+The difference between the
+{Julian calendar}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar]
+and the
+{Gregorian calendar}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar]
+may matter to your program if it uses dates before the switchovers.
+
+- October 15, 1582.
+- September 14, 1752.
+
+A date will be different in the two calendars, in general.
+
+=== Different switchover dates
+
+The reasons for the difference are religious/political histories.
+
+- On October 15, 1582, several countries changed
+  from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar;
+  these included Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain.
+  Other countries in the Western world retained the Julian calendar.
+- On September 14, 1752, most of the British empire
+  changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
+
+When your code uses a date before these switchover dates,
+it will matter whether it considers the switchover date
+to be the earlier date or the later date (or neither).
+
+See also {a concrete example here}[rdoc-ref:DateTime@When+should+you+use+DateTime+and+when+should+you+use+Time-3F].
+
+=== Argument +start+
+
+Certain methods in class \Date handle differences in the
+{Julian and Gregorian calendars}[rdoc-ref:@Julian+and+Gregorian+Calendars]
+by accepting an optional argument +start+, whose value may be:
+
+- Date::ITALY (the default): the created date is Julian
+  if before October 15, 1582, Gregorian otherwise:
+
+      d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15)
+      d.prev_day.julian? # => true
+      d.julian?          # => false
+      d.gregorian?       # => true
+
+- Date::ENGLAND: the created date is Julian if before September 14, 1752,
+  Gregorian otherwise:
+
+    d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::ENGLAND)
+    d.prev_day.julian? # => true
+    d.julian?          # => false
+    d.gregorian?       # => true
+
+- Date::JULIAN: the created date is Julian regardless of its value:
+
+    d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15, Date::JULIAN)
+    d.julian? # => true
+
+- Date::GREGORIAN: the created date is Gregorian regardless of its value:
+
+    d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::GREGORIAN)
+    d.prev_day.gregorian? # => true
+
diff --git a/doc/language/case_mapping.rdoc b/doc/language/case_mapping.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d40155db03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/case_mapping.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+= Case Mapping
+
+Some string-oriented methods use case mapping.
+
+In String:
+
+- String#capitalize
+- String#capitalize!
+- String#casecmp
+- String#casecmp?
+- String#downcase
+- String#downcase!
+- String#swapcase
+- String#swapcase!
+- String#upcase
+- String#upcase!
+
+In Symbol:
+
+- Symbol#capitalize
+- Symbol#casecmp
+- Symbol#casecmp?
+- Symbol#downcase
+- Symbol#swapcase
+- Symbol#upcase
+
+== Default Case Mapping
+
+By default, all of these methods use full Unicode case mapping,
+which is suitable for most languages.
+See {Section 3.13 (Default Case Algorithms) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf].
+
+Non-ASCII case mapping and folding are supported for UTF-8,
+UTF-16BE/LE, UTF-32BE/LE, and ISO-8859-1~16 Strings/Symbols.
+
+Context-dependent case mapping as described in
+{Table 3-17 (Context Specification for Casing) of the Unicode standard}[https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf]
+is currently not supported.
+
+In most cases, the case conversion of a string has the same number of characters as before.
+There are exceptions (see also +:fold+ below):
+
+  s = "\u00DF" # => "ß"
+  s.upcase     # => "SS"
+  s = "\u0149" # => "ŉ"
+  s.upcase     # => "ʼN"
+
+Case mapping may also depend on locale (see also +:turkic+ below):
+
+  s = "\u0049"        # => "I"
+  s.downcase          # => "i" # Dot above.
+  s.downcase(:turkic) # => "ı" # No dot above.
+
+Case changes may not be reversible:
+
+  s = 'Hello World!' # => "Hello World!"
+  s.downcase         # => "hello world!"
+  s.downcase.upcase  # => "HELLO WORLD!" # Different from original s.
+
+Case changing methods may not maintain Unicode normalization.
+See String#unicode_normalize.
+
+== Case Mappings
+
+Except for +casecmp+ and +casecmp?+,
+each of the case-mapping methods listed above
+accepts an optional argument, <tt>mapping</tt>.
+
+The argument is one of:
+
+- +:ascii+: ASCII-only mapping.
+  Uppercase letters ('A'..'Z') are mapped to lowercase letters ('a'..'z);
+  other characters are not changed
+
+    s = "Foo \u00D8 \u00F8 Bar" # => "Foo Ø ø Bar"
+    s.upcase                    # => "FOO Ø Ø BAR"
+    s.downcase                  # => "foo ø ø bar"
+    s.upcase(:ascii)            # => "FOO Ø ø BAR"
+    s.downcase(:ascii)          # => "foo Ø ø bar"
+
+- +:turkic+: Full Unicode case mapping.
+  For the Turkic languages
+  that distinguish dotted and dotless I, for example Turkish and Azeri.
+
+    s = 'Türkiye'       # => "Türkiye"
+    s.upcase            # => "TÜRKIYE"
+    s.upcase(:turkic)   # => "TÜRKİYE" # Dot above.
+
+    s = 'TÜRKIYE'       # => "TÜRKIYE"
+    s.downcase          # => "türkiye"
+    s.downcase(:turkic) # => "türkıye" # No dot above.
+
+- +:fold+ (available only for String#downcase, String#downcase!,
+  and Symbol#downcase).
+  Unicode case folding,
+  which is more far-reaching than Unicode case mapping.
+
+    s = "\u00DF"      # => "ß"
+    s.downcase        # => "ß"
+    s.downcase(:fold) # => "ss"
+    s.upcase          # => "SS"
+
+    s = "\uFB04"      # => "ﬄ"
+    s.downcase        # => "ﬄ"
+    s.upcase          # => "FFL"
+    s.downcase(:fold) # => "ffl"
diff --git a/doc/language/character_selectors.rdoc b/doc/language/character_selectors.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bfc9b719b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/character_selectors.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+= Character Selectors
+
+== Character Selector
+
+A _character_ _selector_ is a string argument accepted by certain Ruby methods.
+Each of these instance methods accepts one or more character selectors:
+
+- String#tr(selector, replacements): returns a new string.
+- String#tr!(selector, replacements): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#tr_s(selector, replacements): returns a new string.
+- String#tr_s!(selector, replacements): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#count(*selectors): returns the count of the specified characters.
+- String#delete(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#delete!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#squeeze(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#squeeze!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#strip(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#strip!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+
+A character selector identifies zero or more characters in +self+
+that are to be operands for the method.
+
+In this section, we illustrate using method String#delete(selector),
+which deletes the selected characters.
+
+In the simplest case, the characters selected are exactly those
+contained in the selector itself:
+
+  'abracadabra'.delete('a')   # => "brcdbr"
+  'abracadabra'.delete('ab')  # => "rcdr"
+  'abracadabra'.delete('abc') # => "rdr"
+  '0123456789'.delete('258')  # => "0134679"
+  '!@#$%&*()_+'.delete('+&#') # => "!@$%*()_"
+  'こんにちは'.delete('に')     # => "こんちは"
+
+Note that order and repetitions do not matter:
+
+  'abracadabra'.delete('dcab') # => "rr"
+  'abracadabra'.delete('aaaa') # => "brcdbr"
+
+In a character selector, these three characters get special treatment:
+
+- A leading caret (<tt>'^'</tt>) functions as a "not" operator
+  for the characters to its right:
+
+    'abracadabra'.delete('^bc') # => "bcb"
+    '0123456789'.delete('^852') # => "258"
+
+- A hyphen (<tt>'-'</tt>) between two other characters
+  defines a range of characters instead of a plain string of characters:
+
+    'abracadabra'.delete('a-d') # => "rr"
+    '0123456789'.delete('4-7')  # => "012389"
+    '!@#$%&*()_+'.delete(' -/') # => "@^_"
+
+    # May contain more than one range.
+    'abracadabra'.delete('a-cq-t') # => "d"
+
+    # Ranges may be mixed with plain characters.
+    '0123456789'.delete('67-950-23') # => "4"
+
+    # Ranges may be mixed with negations.
+    'abracadabra'.delete('^a-c') # => "abacaaba"
+
+- A backslash (<tt>'\'</tt>) acts as an escape for a caret, a hyphen,
+  or another backslash:
+
+    'abracadabra^'.delete('\^bc')   # => "araadara"
+    'abracadabra-'.delete('a\-d')   # => "brcbr"
+    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\r")   # => "hello\nworld"
+    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\\r")  # => "hello\r\nwold"
+    "hello\r\nworld".delete("\\\r") # => "hello\nworld"
+
+== Multiple Character Selectors
+
+These instance methods accept multiple character selectors:
+
+- String#count(*selectors): returns the count of the specified characters.
+- String#delete(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#delete!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#squeeze(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#squeeze!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+- String#strip(*selectors): returns a new string.
+- String#strip!(*selectors): returns +self+ or +nil+.
+
+In effect, the given selectors are formed into a single selector
+consisting of only those characters common to _all_ of the given selectors.
+
+All forms of selectors may be used, including negations, ranges, and escapes.
+
+Each of these pairs of method calls is equivalent:
+
+  s.delete('abcde', 'dcbfg')
+  s.delete('bcd')
+
+  s.delete('^abc', '^def')
+  s.delete('^abcdef')
+
+  s.delete('a-e', 'c-g')
+  s.delete('cde')
diff --git a/doc/dig_methods.rdoc b/doc/language/dig_methods.rdoc
index 366275d451..366275d451 100644
--- a/doc/dig_methods.rdoc
+++ b/doc/language/dig_methods.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/language/encodings.rdoc b/doc/language/encodings.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..683842d3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/encodings.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+= Encodings
+
+== The Basics
+
+A {character encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding],
+often shortened to _encoding_, is a mapping between:
+
+- A sequence of 8-bit bytes (each byte in the range <tt>0..255</tt>).
+- Characters in a specific character set.
+
+Some character sets contain only 1-byte characters;
+{US-ASCII}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII], for example, has 256 1-byte characters.
+This string, encoded in US-ASCII, has six characters that are stored as six bytes:
+
+  s = 'Hello!'.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII)  # => "Hello!"
+  s.encoding                               # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  s.bytes                                  # => [72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 33]
+
+Other encodings may involve multi-byte characters.
+{UTF-8}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8], for example,
+encodes more than one million characters, encoding each in one to four bytes.
+The lowest-valued of these characters correspond to ASCII characters,
+and so are 1-byte characters:
+
+  s = 'Hello!' # => "Hello!"
+  s.bytes      # => [72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 33]
+
+Other characters, such as the Euro symbol, are multi-byte:
+
+  s = "\u20ac" # => "€"
+  s.bytes      # => [226, 130, 172]
+
+== The \Encoding Class
+
+=== \Encoding Objects
+
+Ruby encodings are defined by constants in class \Encoding.
+There can be only one instance of \Encoding for each of these constants.
+Method Encoding.list returns an array of \Encoding objects (one for each constant):
+
+  Encoding.list.size        # => 103
+  Encoding.list.first.class # => Encoding
+  Encoding.list.take(3)
+  # => [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:US-ASCII>]
+
+=== Names and Aliases
+
+Method Encoding#name returns the name of an \Encoding:
+
+  Encoding::ASCII_8BIT.name  # => "ASCII-8BIT"
+  Encoding::WINDOWS_31J.name # => "Windows-31J"
+
+An \Encoding object has zero or more aliases;
+method Encoding#names returns an array containing the name and all aliases:
+
+  Encoding::ASCII_8BIT.names
+  # => ["ASCII-8BIT", "BINARY"]
+  Encoding::WINDOWS_31J.names
+  #=> ["Windows-31J", "CP932", "csWindows31J", "SJIS", "PCK"]
+
+Method Encoding.aliases returns a hash of all alias/name pairs:
+
+  Encoding.aliases.size # => 71
+  Encoding.aliases.take(3)
+  # => [["BINARY", "ASCII-8BIT"], ["CP437", "IBM437"], ["CP720", "IBM720"]]
+
+Method Encoding.name_list returns an array of all the encoding names and aliases:
+
+  Encoding.name_list.size # => 175
+  Encoding.name_list.take(3)
+  # => ["ASCII-8BIT", "UTF-8", "US-ASCII"]
+
+Method +name_list+ returns more entries than method +list+
+because it includes both the names and their aliases.
+
+Method Encoding.find returns the \Encoding for a given name or alias, if it exists:
+
+  Encoding.find("US-ASCII")       # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  Encoding.find("US-ASCII").class # => Encoding
+
+=== Default Encodings
+
+Method Encoding.find, above, also returns a default \Encoding
+for each of these special names:
+
+- +external+: the default external \Encoding:
+
+    Encoding.find("external") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+- +internal+: the default internal \Encoding (may be +nil+):
+
+    Encoding.find("internal") # => nil
+
+- +locale+: the default \Encoding for a string from the environment:
+
+    Encoding.find("locale") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>  # Linux
+    Encoding.find("locale") # => #<Encoding:IBM437> # Windows
+
+- +filesystem+: the default \Encoding for a string from the filesystem:
+
+    Encoding.find("filesystem") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+Method Encoding.default_external returns the default external \Encoding:
+
+  Encoding.default_external # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+Method Encoding.default_external= sets that value:
+
+  Encoding.default_external = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  Encoding.default_external                      # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+
+Method Encoding.default_internal returns the default internal \Encoding:
+
+  Encoding.default_internal # => nil
+
+Method Encoding.default_internal= sets the default internal \Encoding:
+
+  Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  Encoding.default_internal                      # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+
+=== Compatible Encodings
+
+Method Encoding.compatible? returns whether two given objects are encoding-compatible
+(that is, whether they can be concatenated);
+returns the \Encoding of the concatenated string, or +nil+ if incompatible:
+
+  rus = "\u{442 435 441 442}"
+  eng = 'text'
+  Encoding.compatible?(rus, eng) # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+  s0 = "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_8859_1) # => "\xA1\xA1"
+  s1 = "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::EUCJP)      # => "\x{A1A1}"
+  Encoding.compatible?(s0, s1)                         # => nil
+
+== \String \Encoding
+
+A Ruby String object has an encoding that is an instance of class \Encoding.
+The encoding may be retrieved by method String#encoding.
+
+The default encoding for a string literal is the script encoding;
+see {Script Encoding}[rdoc-ref:@Script+Encoding].
+
+  's'.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+The default encoding for a string created with method String.new is:
+
+- For no argument, ASCII-8BIT.
+- For a \String object argument, the encoding of that string.
+- For a string literal, the script encoding;
+  see {Script Encoding}[rdoc-ref:@Script+Encoding].
+
+In either case, any encoding may be specified:
+
+  s = String.new(encoding: Encoding::UTF_8)         # => ""
+  s.encoding                                        # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s = String.new('foo', encoding: Encoding::BINARY) # => "foo"
+  s.encoding                                        # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+
+The encoding for a string may be changed:
+
+  s = "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"              # => "Résumé"
+  s.encoding                              # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s.force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_8859_1)  # => "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"
+  s.encoding                              # => #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
+
+Changing the assigned encoding does not alter the content of the string;
+it changes only the way the content is to be interpreted:
+
+  s                                 # => "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"
+  s.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) # => "Résumé"
+
+The actual content of a string may also be altered;
+see {Transcoding a String}[#label-Transcoding+a+String].
+
+Here are a couple of useful query methods:
+
+  s = "abc".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)         # => "abc"
+  s.ascii_only?                                     # => true
+  s = "abc\u{6666}".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) # => "abc晦"
+  s.ascii_only?                                     # => false
+
+  s = "\xc2\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)    # => "¡"
+  s.valid_encoding?                                 # => true
+  s = "\xc2".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)        # => "\xC2"
+  s.valid_encoding?                                 # => false
+
+== \Symbol and \Regexp Encodings
+
+The string stored in a Symbol or Regexp object also has an encoding;
+the encoding may be retrieved by method Symbol#encoding or Regexp#encoding.
+
+The default encoding for these, however, is:
+
+- US-ASCII, if all characters are US-ASCII.
+- The script encoding, otherwise;
+  see (Script Encoding)[rdoc-ref:@Script+Encoding].
+
+== Filesystem \Encoding
+
+The filesystem encoding is the default \Encoding for a string from the filesystem:
+
+    Encoding.find("filesystem") # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+== Locale \Encoding
+
+The locale encoding is the default encoding for a string from the environment,
+other than from the filesystem:
+
+  Encoding.find('locale') # => #<Encoding:IBM437>
+
+== Stream Encodings
+
+Certain stream objects can have two encodings; these objects include instances of:
+
+- IO.
+- File.
+- ARGF.
+- StringIO.
+
+The two encodings are:
+
+- An _external_ _encoding_, which identifies the encoding of the stream.
+- An _internal_ _encoding_, which (if not +nil+) specifies the encoding
+  to be used for the string constructed from the stream.
+
+=== External \Encoding
+
+The external encoding, which is an \Encoding object, specifies how bytes read
+from the stream are to be interpreted as characters.
+
+The default external encoding is:
+
+- UTF-8 for a text stream.
+- ASCII-8BIT for a binary stream.
+
+The default external encoding is returned by method Encoding.default_external,
+and may be set by:
+
+- Ruby command-line options <tt>--external_encoding</tt> or <tt>-E</tt>.
+
+You can also set the default external encoding using method Encoding.default_external=,
+but doing so may cause problems; strings created before and after the change
+may have a different encodings.
+
+For an \IO or \File object, the external encoding may be set by:
+
+- Open options +external_encoding+ or +encoding+, when the object is created;
+  see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
+
+For an \IO, \File, \ARGF, or \StringIO object, the external encoding may be set by:
+
+- Methods +set_encoding+ or (except for \ARGF) +set_encoding_by_bom+.
+
+=== Internal \Encoding
+
+The internal encoding, which is an \Encoding object or +nil+,
+specifies how characters read from the stream
+are to be converted to characters in the internal encoding;
+those characters become a string whose encoding is set to the internal encoding.
+
+The default internal encoding is +nil+ (no conversion).
+It is returned by method Encoding.default_internal,
+and may be set by:
+
+- Ruby command-line options <tt>--internal_encoding</tt> or <tt>-E</tt>.
+
+You can also set the default internal encoding using method Encoding.default_internal=,
+but doing so may cause problems; strings created before and after the change
+may have a different encodings.
+
+For an \IO or \File object, the internal encoding may be set by:
+
+- Open options +internal_encoding+ or +encoding+, when the object is created;
+  see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
+
+For an \IO, \File, \ARGF, or \StringIO object, the internal encoding may be set by:
+
+- Method +set_encoding+.
+
+== Script \Encoding
+
+A Ruby script has a script encoding, which may be retrieved by:
+
+  __ENCODING__ # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+The default script encoding is UTF-8;
+a Ruby source file may set its script encoding with a magic comment
+on the first line of the file (or second line, if there is a shebang on the first).
+The comment must contain the word +coding+ or +encoding+,
+followed by a colon, space and the Encoding name or alias:
+
+  # encoding: ISO-8859-1
+  __ENCODING__ #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
+
+== Transcoding
+
+_Transcoding_ is the process of changing a sequence of characters
+from one encoding to another.
+
+As far as possible, the characters remain the same,
+but the bytes that represent them may change.
+
+The handling for characters that cannot be represented in the destination encoding
+may be specified by @Encoding+Options.
+
+=== Transcoding a \String
+
+Each of these methods transcodes a string:
+
+- String#encode: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
+  according to given encodings and options.
+- String#encode!: Like String#encode, but transcodes +self+ in place.
+- String#scrub: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
+  by replacing invalid byte sequences with a given or default replacement string.
+- String#scrub!: Like String#scrub, but transcodes +self+ in place.
+- String#unicode_normalize: Transcodes +self+ into a new string
+  according to Unicode normalization.
+- String#unicode_normalize!: Like String#unicode_normalize,
+  but transcodes +self+ in place.
+
+== Transcoding a Stream
+
+Each of these methods may transcode a stream;
+whether it does so depends on the external and internal encodings:
+
+- IO.foreach: Yields each line of given stream to the block.
+- IO.new: Creates and returns a new \IO object for the given integer file descriptor.
+- IO.open: Creates a new \IO object.
+- IO.pipe: Creates a connected pair of reader and writer \IO objects.
+- IO.popen: Creates an \IO object to interact with a subprocess.
+- IO.read: Returns a string with all or a subset of bytes from the given stream.
+- IO.readlines: Returns an array of strings, which are the lines from the given stream.
+- IO.write: Writes a given string to the given stream.
+
+This example writes a string to a file, encoding it as ISO-8859-1,
+then reads the file into a new string, encoding it as UTF-8:
+
+  s = "R\u00E9sum\u00E9"
+  path = 't.tmp'
+  ext_enc = Encoding::ISO_8859_1
+  int_enc = Encoding::UTF_8
+
+  File.write(path, s, external_encoding: ext_enc)
+  raw_text = File.binread(path)
+
+  transcoded_text = File.read(path, external_encoding: ext_enc, internal_encoding: int_enc)
+
+  p raw_text
+  p transcoded_text
+
+Output:
+
+  "R\xE9sum\xE9"
+  "Résumé"
+
+== \Encoding Options
+
+A number of methods in the Ruby core accept keyword arguments as encoding options.
+
+Some of the options specify or utilize a _replacement_ _string_, to be used
+in certain transcoding operations.
+A replacement string may be in any encoding that can be converted
+to the encoding of the destination string.
+
+These keyword-value pairs specify encoding options:
+
+- For an invalid byte sequence:
+
+  - <tt>:invalid: nil</tt> (default): Raise exception.
+  - <tt>:invalid: :replace</tt>: Replace each invalid byte sequence
+    with the replacement string.
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = "\x80foo\x80"
+    s.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_3) # Raises Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError.
+    s.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_3, invalid: :replace) # => "?foo?"
+
+- For an undefined character:
+
+  - <tt>:undef: nil</tt> (default): Raise exception.
+  - <tt>:undef: :replace</tt>: Replace each undefined character
+    with the replacement string.
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = "\x80foo\x80"
+    "\x80".encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::BINARY) # Raises Encoding::UndefinedConversionError.
+    s.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::BINARY, undef: :replace) # => "�foo�"
+
+
+- Replacement string:
+
+  - <tt>:replace: nil</tt> (default): Set replacement string to default value:
+    <tt>"\uFFFD"</tt> ("�") for a Unicode encoding, <tt>'?'</tt> otherwise.
+  - <tt>:replace: some_string</tt>: Set replacement string to the given +some_string+;
+    overrides +:fallback+.
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = "\xA5foo\xA5"
+    options = {:undef => :replace, :replace => 'xyzzy'}
+    s.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::ISO_8859_3, **options) # => "xyzzyfooxyzzy"
+
+- Replacement fallback:
+
+  One of these may be specified:
+
+  - <tt>:fallback: nil</tt> (default): No replacement fallback.
+  - <tt>:fallback: hash_like_object</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
+    +hash_like_object+; the replacement string is <tt>hash_like_object[X]</tt>.
+  - <tt>:fallback: method</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
+    +method+; the replacement string is <tt>method(X)</tt>.
+  - <tt>:fallback: proc</tt>: Set replacement fallback to the given
+    +proc+; the replacement string is <tt>proc[X]</tt>.
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = "\u3042foo\u3043"
+
+    hash = {"\u3042" => 'xyzzy'}
+    hash.default = 'XYZZY'
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, fallback: hash) # => "xyzzyfooXYZZY"
+
+    def (fallback = "U+%.4X").escape(x)
+      self % x.unpack("U")
+    end
+    "\u{3042}".encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, fallback: fallback.method(:escape)) # => "U+3042"
+
+    proc = Proc.new {|x| x == "\u3042" ? 'xyzzy' : 'XYZZY' }
+    s.encode('ASCII', fallback: proc) # => "XYZZYfooXYZZY"
+
+- XML entities:
+
+  One of these may be specified:
+
+  - <tt>:xml: nil</tt> (default): No handling for XML entities.
+  - <tt>:xml: :text</tt>: Treat source text as XML;
+    replace each undefined character
+    with its upper-case hexadecimal numeric character reference,
+    except that:
+
+    - <tt>&</tt> is replaced with <tt>&amp;</tt>.
+    - <tt><</tt> is replaced with <tt>&lt;</tt>.
+    - <tt>></tt> is replaced with <tt>&gt;</tt>.
+
+  - <tt>:xml: :attr</tt>: Treat source text as XML attribute value;
+    replace each undefined character
+    with its upper-case hexadecimal numeric character reference,
+    except that:
+
+    - The replacement string <tt>r</tt> is double-quoted (<tt>"r"</tt>).
+    - Each embedded double-quote is replaced with <tt>&quot;</tt>.
+    - <tt>&</tt> is replaced with <tt>&amp;</tt>.
+    - <tt><</tt> is replaced with <tt>&lt;</tt>.
+    - <tt>></tt> is replaced with <tt>&gt;</tt>.
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = 'foo"<&>"bar' + "\u3042"
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, xml: :text) # => "foo\"&lt;&amp;&gt;\"bar&#x3042;"
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, xml: :attr) # => "\"foo&quot;&lt;&amp;&gt;&quot;bar&#x3042;\""
+
+
+- Newlines:
+
+  One of these may be specified:
+
+  - <tt>:cr_newline: true</tt>: Replace each line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>)
+    with a carriage-return character (<tt>"\r"</tt>).
+  - <tt>:crlf_newline: true</tt>: Replace each line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>)
+    with a carriage-return/line-feed string (<tt>"\r\n"</tt>).
+  - <tt>:universal_newline: true</tt>: Replace each carriage-return
+    character (<tt>"\r"</tt>) and each carriage-return/line-feed string
+    (<tt>"\r\n"</tt>) with a line-feed character (<tt>"\n"</tt>).
+
+  Examples:
+
+    s = "\n \r \r\n"                                      # => "\n \r \r\n"
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, cr_newline: true)        # => "\r \r \r\r"
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, crlf_newline: true)      # => "\r\n \r \r\r\n"
+    s.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII, universal_newline: true) # => "\n \n \n"
diff --git a/doc/language/exceptions.md b/doc/language/exceptions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f8f0ece69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/exceptions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+# Exceptions
+
+Ruby code can raise exceptions.
+
+Most often, a raised exception is meant to alert the running program
+that an unusual (i.e., _exceptional_) situation has arisen,
+and may need to be handled.
+
+Code throughout the Ruby core, Ruby standard library, and Ruby gems generates exceptions
+in certain circumstances:
+
+```rb
+File.open('nope.txt') # Raises Errno::ENOENT: "No such file or directory"
+```
+
+## Raised Exceptions
+
+A raised exception transfers program execution, one way or another.
+
+### Unrescued Exceptions
+
+If an exception not _rescued_
+(see [Rescued Exceptions](#label-Rescued+Exceptions) below),
+execution transfers to code in the Ruby interpreter
+that prints a message and exits the program (or thread):
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e "raise"
+-e:1:in '<main>': unhandled exception
+```
+
+### Rescued Exceptions
+
+An <i>exception handler</i> may determine what is to happen
+when an exception is raised;
+the handler may _rescue_ an exception,
+and may prevent the program from exiting.
+
+A simple example:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  raise 'Boom!'                # Raises an exception, transfers control.
+  puts 'Will not get here.'
+rescue
+  puts 'Rescued an exception.' # Control transferred to here; program does not exit.
+end
+puts 'Got here.'
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Rescued an exception.
+Got here.
+```
+
+An exception handler has several elements:
+
+| Element                     | Use                                                                                      |
+|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Begin clause.               | Begins the handler and contains the code whose raised exception, if any, may be rescued. |
+| One or more rescue clauses. | Each contains "rescuing" code, which is to be executed for certain exceptions.           |
+| Else clause (optional).     | Contains code to be executed if no exception is raised.                                  |
+| Ensure clause (optional).   | Contains code to be executed whether or not an exception is raised, or is rescued.       |
+| <tt>end</tt> statement.     | Ends the handler.  `                                                                     |
+
+#### Begin Clause
+
+The begin clause begins the exception handler:
+
+- May start with a `begin` statement;
+  see also [Begin-Less Exception Handlers](#label-Begin-Less+Exception+Handlers).
+- Contains code whose raised exception (if any) is covered
+  by the handler.
+- Ends with the first following `rescue` statement.
+
+#### Rescue Clauses
+
+A rescue clause:
+
+- Starts with a `rescue` statement.
+- Contains code that is to be executed for certain raised exceptions.
+- Ends with the first following `rescue`,
+  `else`, `ensure`, or `end` statement.
+
+##### Rescued Exceptions
+
+A `rescue` statement may include one or more classes
+that are to be rescued;
+if none is given, StandardError is assumed.
+
+The rescue clause rescues both the specified class
+(or StandardError if none given) or any of its subclasses;
+see [Built-In Exception Class Hierarchy](rdoc-ref:Exception@Built-In+Exception+Class+Hierarchy).
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0 # Raises ZeroDivisionError, a subclass of StandardError.
+rescue
+  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Rescued ZeroDivisionError
+```
+
+If the `rescue` statement specifies an exception class,
+only that class (or one of its subclasses) is rescued;
+this example exits with a ZeroDivisionError,
+which was not rescued because it is not ArgumentError or one of its subclasses:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue ArgumentError
+  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
+end
+```
+
+A `rescue` statement may specify multiple classes,
+which means that its code rescues an exception
+of any of the given classes (or their subclasses):
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue FloatDomainError, ZeroDivisionError
+  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
+end
+```
+
+##### Multiple Rescue Clauses
+
+An exception handler may contain multiple rescue clauses;
+in that case, the first clause that rescues the exception does so,
+and those before and after are ignored:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  Dir.open('nosuch')
+rescue Errno::ENOTDIR
+  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
+rescue Errno::ENOENT
+  puts "Rescued #{$!.class}"
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Rescued Errno::ENOENT
+```
+
+##### Capturing the Rescued \Exception
+
+A `rescue` statement may specify a variable
+whose value becomes the rescued exception
+(an instance of Exception or one of its subclasses:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue => x
+  puts x.class
+  puts x.message
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+ZeroDivisionError
+divided by 0
+```
+
+##### Global Variables
+
+Two read-only global variables always have `nil` value
+except in a rescue clause;
+they're:
+
+- `$!`: contains the rescued exception.
+- `$@`: contains its backtrace.
+
+Example:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue
+  p $!
+  p $@
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+#<ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0>
+["t.rb:2:in 'Integer#/'", "t.rb:2:in '<main>'"]
+```
+
+##### Cause
+
+In a rescue clause, the method Exception#cause returns the previous value of `$!`,
+which may be `nil`;
+elsewhere, the method returns `nil`.
+
+Example:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  raise('Boom 0')
+rescue => x0
+  puts "Exception: #{x0.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x0.cause.inspect}."
+  begin
+    raise('Boom 1')
+  rescue => x1
+    puts "Exception: #{x1.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x1.cause.inspect}."
+    begin
+      raise('Boom 2')
+    rescue => x2
+      puts "Exception: #{x2.inspect};  $!: #{$!.inspect};  cause: #{x2.cause.inspect}."
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>;  cause: nil.
+Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>;  cause: #<RuntimeError: Boom 0>.
+Exception: #<RuntimeError: Boom 2>;  $!: #<RuntimeError: Boom 2>;  cause: #<RuntimeError: Boom 1>.
+```
+
+#### Else Clause
+
+The `else` clause:
+
+- Starts with an `else` statement.
+- Contains code that is to be executed if no exception is raised in the begin clause.
+- Ends with the first following `ensure` or `end` statement.
+
+```rb
+begin
+  puts 'Begin.'
+rescue
+  puts 'Rescued an exception!'
+else
+  puts 'No exception raised.'
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Begin.
+No exception raised.
+```
+
+#### Ensure Clause
+
+The ensure clause:
+
+- Starts with an `ensure` statement.
+- Contains code that is to be executed
+  regardless of whether an exception is raised,
+  and regardless of whether a raised exception is handled.
+- Ends with the first following `end` statement.
+
+```rb
+def foo(boom: false)
+  puts 'Begin.'
+  raise 'Boom!' if boom
+rescue
+  puts 'Rescued an exception!'
+else
+  puts 'No exception raised.'
+ensure
+  puts 'Always do this.'
+end
+
+foo(boom: true)
+foo(boom: false)
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Begin.
+Rescued an exception!
+Always do this.
+Begin.
+No exception raised.
+Always do this.
+```
+
+#### End Statement
+
+The `end` statement ends the handler.
+
+Code following it is reached only if any raised exception is rescued.
+
+#### Begin-Less \Exception Handlers
+
+As seen above, an exception handler may be implemented with `begin` and `end`.
+
+An exception handler may also be implemented as:
+
+- A method body:
+
+    ```rb
+    def foo(boom: false) # Serves as beginning of exception handler.
+      puts 'Begin.'
+      raise 'Boom!' if boom
+    rescue
+      puts 'Rescued an exception!'
+    else
+      puts 'No exception raised.'
+    end                  # Serves as end of exception handler.
+    ```
+
+- A block:
+
+    ```rb
+    Dir.chdir('.') do |dir| # Serves as beginning of exception handler.
+      raise 'Boom!'
+    rescue
+      puts 'Rescued an exception!'
+    end                     # Serves as end of exception handler.
+    ```
+
+#### Re-Raising an \Exception
+
+It can be useful to rescue an exception, but allow its eventual effect;
+for example, a program can rescue an exception, log data about it,
+and then "reinstate" the exception.
+
+This may be done via the `raise` method, but in a special way;
+a rescuing clause:
+
+  - Captures an exception.
+  - Does whatever is needed concerning the exception (such as logging it).
+  - Calls method `raise` with no argument,
+    which raises the rescued exception:
+
+```rb
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue ZeroDivisionError
+  # Do needful things (like logging).
+  raise # Raised exception will be ZeroDivisionError, not RuntimeError.
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+ruby t.rb
+t.rb:2:in 'Integer#/': divided by 0 (ZeroDivisionError)
+    from t.rb:2:in '<main>'
+```
+
+#### Retrying
+
+It can be useful to retry a begin clause;
+for example, if it must access a possibly-volatile resource
+(such as a web page),
+it can be useful to try the access more than once
+(in the hope that it may become available):
+
+```rb
+retries = 0
+begin
+  puts "Try ##{retries}."
+  raise 'Boom'
+rescue
+  puts "Rescued retry ##{retries}."
+  if (retries += 1) < 3
+    puts 'Retrying'
+    retry
+  else
+    puts 'Giving up.'
+    raise
+  end
+end
+```
+
+```
+Try #0.
+Rescued retry #0.
+Retrying
+Try #1.
+Rescued retry #1.
+Retrying
+Try #2.
+Rescued retry #2.
+Giving up.
+# RuntimeError ('Boom') raised.
+```
+
+Note that the retry re-executes the entire begin clause,
+not just the part after the point of failure.
+
+## Raising an \Exception
+
+Method Kernel#raise raises an exception.
+
+## Custom Exceptions
+
+To provide additional or alternate information,
+you may create custom exception classes.
+Each should be a subclass of one of the built-in exception classes
+(commonly StandardError or RuntimeError);
+see [Built-In Exception Class Hierarchy](rdoc-ref:Exception@Built-In+Exception+Class+Hierarchy).
+
+```rb
+class MyException < StandardError; end
+```
+
+## Messages
+
+Every `Exception` object has a message,
+which is a string that is set at the time the object is created;
+see Exception.new.
+
+The message cannot be changed, but you can create a similar object with a different message;
+see Exception#exception.
+
+This method returns the message as defined:
+
+- Exception#message.
+
+Two other methods return enhanced versions of the message:
+
+- Exception#detailed_message: adds exception class name, with optional highlighting.
+- Exception#full_message: adds exception class name and backtrace, with optional highlighting.
+
+Each of the two methods above accepts keyword argument `highlight`;
+if the value of keyword `highlight` is `true`,
+the returned string includes bolding and underlining ANSI codes (see below)
+to enhance the appearance of the message.
+
+Any exception class (Ruby or custom) may choose to override either of these methods,
+and may choose to interpret keyword argument <tt>highlight: true</tt>
+to mean that the returned message should contain
+[ANSI codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code)
+that specify color, bolding, and underlining.
+
+Because the enhanced message may be written to a non-terminal device
+(e.g., into an HTML page),
+it is best to limit the ANSI codes to these widely-supported codes:
+
+- Begin font color:
+
+    | Color   | ANSI Code        |
+    |---------|------------------|
+    | Red     | <tt>\\e[31m</tt> |
+    | Green   | <tt>\\e[32m</tt> |
+    | Yellow  | <tt>\\e[33m</tt> |
+    | Blue    | <tt>\\e[34m</tt> |
+    | Magenta | <tt>\\e[35m</tt> |
+    | Cyan    | <tt>\\e[36m</tt> |
+
+<br>
+
+- Begin font attribute:
+
+    | Attribute | ANSI Code       |
+    |-----------|-----------------|
+    | Bold      | <tt>\\e[1m</tt> |
+    | Underline | <tt>\\e[4m</tt> |
+
+<br>
+
+- End all of the above:
+
+    | Color | ANSI Code       |
+    |-------|-----------------|
+    | Reset | <tt>\\e[0m</tt> |
+
+It's also best to craft a message that is conveniently human-readable,
+even if the ANSI codes are included "as-is"
+(rather than interpreted as font directives).
+
+## Backtraces
+
+A _backtrace_ is a record of the methods currently
+in the [call stack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack);
+each such method has been called, but has not yet returned.
+
+These methods return backtrace information:
+
+- Exception#backtrace: returns the backtrace as an array of strings or `nil`.
+- Exception#backtrace_locations: returns the backtrace as an array
+  of Thread::Backtrace::Location objects or `nil`.
+  Each Thread::Backtrace::Location object gives detailed information about a called method.
+
+By default, Ruby sets the backtrace of the exception to the location where it
+was raised.
+
+The developer might adjust this by either providing `backtrace` argument
+to Kernel#raise, or using Exception#set_backtrace.
+
+Note that:
+
+- by default, both `backtrace` and `backtrace_locations` represent the same backtrace;
+- if the developer sets the backtrace by one of the above methods to an array of
+  Thread::Backtrace::Location, they still represent the same backtrace;
+- if the developer sets the backtrace to a string or an array of strings:
+  - by Kernel#raise: `backtrace_locations` become `nil`;
+  - by Exception#set_backtrace: `backtrace_locations` preserve the original
+    value;
+- if the developer sets the backtrace to `nil` by Exception#set_backtrace,
+  `backtrace_locations` preserve the original value; but if the exception is then
+  reraised, both `backtrace` and `backtrace_locations` become the location of reraise.
diff --git a/doc/language/fiber.md b/doc/language/fiber.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9011cce2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/fiber.md
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+# Fiber
+
+Fibers provide a mechanism for cooperative concurrency.
+
+## Context Switching
+
+Fibers execute a user-provided block. During the execution, the block may call `Fiber.yield` or `Fiber.transfer` to switch to another fiber. `Fiber#resume` is used to continue execution from the point where `Fiber.yield` was called.
+
+```rb
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+puts "1: Start program."
+
+f = Fiber.new do
+  puts "3: Entered fiber."
+  Fiber.yield
+  puts "5: Resumed fiber."
+end
+
+puts "2: Resume fiber first time."
+f.resume
+
+puts "4: Resume fiber second time."
+f.resume
+
+puts "6: Finished."
+```
+
+This program demonstrates the flow control of fibers.
+
+## Scheduler
+
+The scheduler interface is used to intercept blocking operations. A typical
+implementation would be a wrapper for a gem like `EventMachine` or `Async`. This
+design provides separation of concerns between the event loop implementation
+and application code. It also allows for layered schedulers which can perform
+instrumentation.
+
+To set the scheduler for the current thread:
+
+```rb
+Fiber.set_scheduler(MyScheduler.new)
+```
+
+When the thread exits, there is an implicit call to `set_scheduler`:
+
+```rb
+Fiber.set_scheduler(nil)
+```
+
+### Design
+
+The scheduler interface is designed to be a un-opinionated light-weight layer
+between user code and blocking operations. The scheduler hooks should avoid
+translating or converting arguments or return values. Ideally, the exact same
+arguments from the user code are provided directly to the scheduler hook with
+no changes.
+
+### Interface
+
+This is the interface you need to implement.
+
+```rb
+class Scheduler
+  # Wait for the specified process ID to exit.
+  # This hook is optional.
+  # @parameter pid [Integer] The process ID to wait for.
+  # @parameter flags [Integer] A bit-mask of flags suitable for `Process::Status.wait`.
+  # @returns [Process::Status] A process status instance.
+  def process_wait(pid, flags)
+    Thread.new do
+      Process::Status.wait(pid, flags)
+    end.value
+  end
+
+  # Wait for the given io readiness to match the specified events within
+  # the specified timeout.
+  # @parameter event [Integer] A bit mask of `IO::READABLE`,
+  #   `IO::WRITABLE` and `IO::PRIORITY`.
+  # @parameter timeout [Numeric] The amount of time to wait for the event in seconds.
+  # @returns [Integer] The subset of events that are ready.
+  def io_wait(io, events, timeout)
+  end
+
+  # Read from the given io into the specified buffer.
+  # WARNING: Experimental hook! Do not use in production code!
+  # @parameter io [IO] The io to read from.
+  # @parameter buffer [IO::Buffer] The buffer to read into.
+  # @parameter length [Integer] The minimum amount to read.
+  def io_read(io, buffer, length)
+  end
+
+  # Write from the given buffer into the specified IO.
+  # WARNING: Experimental hook! Do not use in production code!
+  # @parameter io [IO] The io to write to.
+  # @parameter buffer [IO::Buffer] The buffer to write from.
+  # @parameter length [Integer] The minimum amount to write.
+  def io_write(io, buffer, length)
+  end
+
+  # Sleep the current task for the specified duration, or forever if not
+  # specified.
+  # @parameter duration [Numeric] The amount of time to sleep in seconds.
+  def kernel_sleep(duration = nil)
+  end
+
+  # Execute the given block. If the block execution exceeds the given timeout,
+  # the specified exception `klass` will be raised. Typically, only non-blocking
+  # methods which enter the scheduler will raise such exceptions.
+  # @parameter duration [Integer] The amount of time to wait, after which an exception will be raised.
+  # @parameter klass [Class] The exception class to raise.
+  # @parameter *arguments [Array] The arguments to send to the constructor of the exception.
+  # @yields {...} The user code to execute.
+  def timeout_after(duration, klass, *arguments, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Resolve hostname to an array of IP addresses.
+  # This hook is optional.
+  # @parameter hostname [String] Example: "www.ruby-lang.org".
+  # @returns [Array] An array of IPv4 and/or IPv6 address strings that the hostname resolves to.
+  def address_resolve(hostname)
+  end
+
+  # Block the calling fiber.
+  # @parameter blocker [Object] What we are waiting on, informational only.
+  # @parameter timeout [Numeric | Nil] The amount of time to wait for in seconds.
+  # @returns [Boolean] Whether the blocking operation was successful or not.
+  def block(blocker, timeout = nil)
+  end
+
+  # Unblock the specified fiber.
+  # @parameter blocker [Object] What we are waiting on, informational only.
+  # @parameter fiber [Fiber] The fiber to unblock.
+  # @reentrant Thread safe.
+  def unblock(blocker, fiber)
+  end
+
+  # Intercept the creation of a non-blocking fiber.
+  # @returns [Fiber]
+  def fiber(&block)
+    Fiber.new(blocking: false, &block)
+  end
+
+  # Invoked when the thread exits.
+  def close
+    self.run
+  end
+
+  def run
+    # Implement event loop here.
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Additional hooks may be introduced in the future, we will use feature detection
+in order to enable these hooks.
+
+### Non-blocking Execution
+
+The scheduler hooks will only be used in special non-blocking execution
+contexts. Non-blocking execution contexts introduce non-determinism because the
+execution of scheduler hooks may introduce context switching points into your
+program.
+
+#### Fibers
+
+Fibers can be used to create non-blocking execution contexts.
+
+```rb
+Fiber.new do
+  puts Fiber.current.blocking? # false
+
+  # May invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.io_wait`.
+  io.read(...)
+
+  # May invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.io_wait`.
+  io.write(...)
+
+  # Will invoke `Fiber.scheduler&.kernel_sleep`.
+  sleep(n)
+end.resume
+```
+
+We also introduce a new method which simplifies the creation of these
+non-blocking fibers:
+
+```rb
+Fiber.schedule do
+  puts Fiber.current.blocking? # false
+end
+```
+
+The purpose of this method is to allow the scheduler to internally decide the
+policy for when to start the fiber, and whether to use symmetric or asymmetric
+fibers.
+
+You can also create blocking execution contexts:
+
+```rb
+Fiber.new(blocking: true) do
+  # Won't use the scheduler:
+  sleep(n)
+end
+```
+
+However you should generally avoid this unless you are implementing a scheduler.
+
+#### IO
+
+By default, I/O is non-blocking. Not all operating systems support non-blocking
+I/O. Windows is a notable example where socket I/O can be non-blocking but pipe
+I/O is blocking. Provided that there *is* a scheduler and the current thread *is
+non-blocking*, the operation will invoke the scheduler.
+
+##### `IO#close`
+
+Closing an IO interrupts all blocking operations on that IO. When a thread calls `IO#close`, it first attempts to interrupt any threads or fibers that are blocked on that IO. The closing thread waits until all blocked threads and fibers have been properly interrupted and removed from the IO's blocking list. Each interrupted thread or fiber receives an `IOError` and is cleanly removed from the blocking operation. Only after all blocking operations have been interrupted and cleaned up will the actual file descriptor be closed, ensuring proper resource cleanup and preventing potential race conditions.
+
+For fibers managed by a scheduler, the interruption process involves calling `rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber_interrupt` on the scheduler. This allows the scheduler to handle the interruption in a way that's appropriate for its event loop implementation. The scheduler can then notify the fiber, which will receive an `IOError` and be removed from the blocking operation. This mechanism ensures that fiber-based concurrency works correctly with IO operations, even when those operations are interrupted by `IO#close`.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant ThreadB
+    participant ThreadA
+    participant Scheduler
+    participant IO
+    participant Fiber1
+    participant Fiber2
+
+    Note over ThreadA: Thread A has a fiber scheduler
+    activate Scheduler
+    ThreadA->>Fiber1: Schedule Fiber 1
+    activate Fiber1
+    Fiber1->>IO: IO.read
+    IO->>Scheduler: rb_thread_io_blocking_region
+    deactivate Fiber1
+
+    ThreadA->>Fiber2: Schedule Fiber 2
+    activate Fiber2
+    Fiber2->>IO: IO.read
+    IO->>Scheduler: rb_thread_io_blocking_region
+    deactivate Fiber2
+
+    Note over Fiber1,Fiber2: Both fibers blocked on same IO
+
+    Note over ThreadB: IO.close
+    activate ThreadB
+    ThreadB->>IO: thread_io_close_notify_all
+    Note over ThreadB: rb_mutex_sleep
+
+    IO->>Scheduler: rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber_interrupt(Fiber1)
+    Scheduler->>Fiber1: fiber_interrupt with IOError
+    activate Fiber1
+    Note over IO: fiber_interrupt causes removal from blocking list
+    Fiber1->>IO: rb_io_blocking_operation_exit()
+    IO-->>ThreadB: Wakeup thread
+    deactivate Fiber1
+
+    IO->>Scheduler: rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber_interrupt(Fiber2)
+    Scheduler->>Fiber2: fiber_interrupt with IOError
+    activate Fiber2
+    Note over IO: fiber_interrupt causes removal from blocking list
+    Fiber2->>IO: rb_io_blocking_operation_exit()
+    IO-->>ThreadB: Wakeup thread
+    deactivate Fiber2
+    deactivate Scheduler
+
+    Note over ThreadB: Blocking operations list empty
+    ThreadB->>IO: close(fd)
+    deactivate ThreadB
+```
+
+#### Mutex
+
+The `Mutex` class can be used in a non-blocking context and is fiber specific.
+
+#### ConditionVariable
+
+The `ConditionVariable` class can be used in a non-blocking context and is
+fiber-specific.
+
+#### Queue / SizedQueue
+
+The `Queue` and `SizedQueue` classes can be used in a non-blocking context and
+are fiber-specific.
+
+#### Thread
+
+The `Thread#join` operation can be used in a non-blocking context and is
+fiber-specific.
diff --git a/doc/language/format_specifications.rdoc b/doc/language/format_specifications.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..763470aa02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/format_specifications.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+= Format Specifications
+
+Several Ruby core classes have instance method +printf+ or +sprintf+:
+
+- ARGF#printf
+- IO#printf
+- Kernel#printf
+- Kernel#sprintf
+
+Each of these methods takes:
+
+- Argument +format_string+, which has zero or more
+  embedded _format_ _specifications_ (see below).
+- Arguments <tt>*arguments</tt>, which are zero or more objects to be formatted.
+
+Each of these methods prints or returns the string
+resulting from replacing each
+format specification embedded in +format_string+ with a string form
+of the corresponding argument among +arguments+.
+
+A simple example:
+
+  sprintf('Name: %s; value: %d', 'Foo', 0) # => "Name: Foo; value: 0"
+
+A format specification has the form:
+
+  %[flags][width][.precision]type
+
+It consists of:
+
+- A leading percent character.
+- Zero or more _flags_ (each is a character).
+- An optional _width_ _specifier_ (an integer, or <tt>*</tt>).
+- An optional _precision_ _specifier_ (a period followed by a non-negative
+  integer, or <tt>*</tt>).
+- A _type_ _specifier_ (a character).
+
+Except for the leading percent character,
+the only required part is the type specifier, so we begin with that.
+
+== Type Specifiers
+
+This section provides a brief explanation of each type specifier.
+The links lead to the details and examples.
+
+=== \Integer Type Specifiers
+
+- +b+ or +B+: Format +argument+ as a binary integer.
+  See {Specifiers b and B}[rdoc-ref:@Specifiers+b+and+B].
+- +d+, +i+, or +u+ (all are identical):
+  Format +argument+ as a decimal integer.
+  See {Specifier d}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+d].
+- +o+: Format +argument+ as an octal integer.
+  See {Specifier o}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+o].
+- +x+ or +X+: Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer.
+  See {Specifiers x and X}[rdoc-ref:@Specifiers+x+and+X].
+
+=== Floating-Point Type Specifiers
+
+- +a+ or +A+: Format +argument+ as hexadecimal floating-point number.
+  See {Specifiers a and A}[rdoc-ref:@Specifiers+a+and+A].
+- +e+ or +E+: Format +argument+ in scientific notation.
+  See {Specifiers e and E}[rdoc-ref:@Specifiers+e+and+E].
+- +f+: Format +argument+ as a decimal floating-point number.
+  See {Specifier f}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+f].
+- +g+ or +G+: Format +argument+ in a "general" format.
+  See {Specifiers g and G}[rdoc-ref:@Specifiers+g+and+G].
+
+=== Other Type Specifiers
+
+- +c+: Format +argument+ as a character.
+  See {Specifier c}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+c].
+- +p+: Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.inspect</tt>.
+  See {Specifier p}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+p].
+- +s+: Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.to_s</tt>.
+  See {Specifier s}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+s].
+- <tt>%</tt>: Format +argument+ (<tt>'%'</tt>) as a single percent character.
+  See {Specifier %}[rdoc-ref:@Specifier+-25].
+
+== Flags
+
+The effect of a flag may vary greatly among type specifiers.
+These remarks are general in nature.
+See {type-specific details}[rdoc-ref:@Type+Specifier+Details+and+Examples].
+
+Multiple flags may be given with single type specifier;
+order does not matter.
+
+=== <tt>' '</tt> Flag
+
+Insert a space before a non-negative number:
+
+  sprintf('%d', 10)  # => "10"
+  sprintf('% d', 10) # => " 10"
+
+Insert a minus sign for negative value:
+
+  sprintf('%d', -10)  # => "-10"
+  sprintf('% d', -10) # => "-10"
+
+=== <tt>'#'</tt> Flag
+
+Use an alternate format; varies among types:
+
+  sprintf('%x', 100)  # => "64"
+  sprintf('%#x', 100) # => "0x64"
+
+=== <tt>'+'</tt> Flag
+
+Add a leading plus sign for a non-negative number:
+
+  sprintf('%x', 100)  # => "64"
+  sprintf('%+x', 100) # => "+64"
+
+=== <tt>'-'</tt> Flag
+
+Left justify the value in its field:
+
+  sprintf('%6d', 100)  # => "   100"
+  sprintf('%-6d', 100) # => "100   "
+
+=== <tt>'0'</tt> Flag
+
+Left-pad with zeros instead of spaces:
+
+  sprintf('%6d', 100)  # => "   100"
+  sprintf('%06d', 100) # => "000100"
+
+=== <tt>'n$'</tt> Flag
+
+Format the (1-based) <tt>n</tt>th argument into this field:
+
+    sprintf("%s %s", 'world', 'hello')     # => "world hello"
+    sprintf("%2$s %1$s", 'world', 'hello') # => "hello world"
+
+== Width Specifier
+
+In general, a width specifier determines the minimum width (in characters)
+of the formatted field:
+
+  sprintf('%10d', 100)  # => "       100"
+
+  # Left-justify if negative.
+  sprintf('%-10d', 100) # => "100       "
+
+  # Ignore if too small.
+  sprintf('%1d', 100)   # => "100"
+
+If the width specifier is <tt>'*'</tt> instead of an integer, the actual minimum
+width is taken from the argument list:
+
+  sprintf('%*d', 20, 14) # => "                  14"
+
+== Precision Specifier
+
+A precision specifier is a decimal point followed by zero or more
+decimal digits.
+
+For integer type specifiers, the precision specifies the minimum number of
+digits to be written. If the precision is shorter than the integer, the result is
+padded with leading zeros. There is no modification or truncation of the result
+if the integer is longer than the precision:
+
+  sprintf('%.3d', 1)    # => "001"
+  sprintf('%.3d', 1000) # => "1000"
+
+  # If the precision is 0 and the value is 0, nothing is written
+  sprintf('%.d', 0)  # => ""
+  sprintf('%.0d', 0) # => ""
+
+For the +a+/+A+, +e+/+E+, +f+ specifiers, the precision specifies
+the number of digits after the decimal point to be written:
+
+  sprintf('%.2f', 3.14159)  # => "3.14"
+  sprintf('%.10f', 3.14159) # => "3.1415900000"
+
+  # With no precision specifier, defaults to 6-digit precision.
+  sprintf('%f', 3.14159)    # => "3.141590"
+
+For the +g+/+G+ specifiers, the precision specifies
+the number of significant digits to be written:
+
+  sprintf('%.2g', 123.45)  # => "1.2e+02"
+  sprintf('%.3g', 123.45)  # => "123"
+  sprintf('%.10g', 123.45) # =>  "123.45"
+
+  # With no precision specifier, defaults to 6 significant digits.
+  sprintf('%g', 123.456789) # => "123.457"
+
+For the +s+, +p+ specifiers, the precision specifies
+the number of characters to write:
+
+  sprintf('%s', Time.now)    # => "2022-05-04 11:59:16 -0400"
+  sprintf('%.10s', Time.now) # => "2022-05-04"
+
+If the precision specifier is <tt>'*'</tt> instead of a non-negative integer,
+the actual precision is taken from the argument list:
+
+  sprintf('%.*d', 20, 1)    # => "00000000000000000001"
+
+== Type Specifier Details and Examples
+
+=== Specifiers +a+ and +A+
+
+Format +argument+ as hexadecimal floating-point number:
+
+  sprintf('%a', 3.14159)   # => "0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
+  sprintf('%a', -3.14159)  # => "-0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1"
+  sprintf('%a', 4096)      # => "0x1p+12"
+  sprintf('%a', -4096)     # => "-0x1p+12"
+
+  # Capital 'A' means that alphabetical characters are printed in upper case.
+  sprintf('%A', 4096)      # => "0X1P+12"
+  sprintf('%A', -4096)     # => "-0X1P+12"
+
+=== Specifiers +b+ and +B+
+
+The two specifiers +b+ and +B+ behave identically
+except when flag <tt>'#'</tt>+ is used.
+
+Format +argument+ as a binary integer:
+
+  sprintf('%b', 1)  # => "1"
+  sprintf('%b', 4)  # => "100"
+
+  # Prefix '..' for negative value.
+  sprintf('%b', -4) # => "..100"
+
+  # Alternate format.
+  sprintf('%#b', 4)  # => "0b100"
+  sprintf('%#B', 4)  # => "0B100"
+
+=== Specifier +c+
+
+Format +argument+ as a single character:
+
+  sprintf('%c', 'A') # => "A"
+  sprintf('%c', 65)  # => "A"
+
+This behaves like String#<<, except for raising ArgumentError instead of RangeError.
+
+=== Specifier +d+
+
+Format +argument+ as a decimal integer:
+
+  sprintf('%d', 100)  # => "100"
+  sprintf('%d', -100) # => "-100"
+
+Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
+
+=== Specifiers +e+ and +E+
+
+Format +argument+ in
+{scientific notation}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation]:
+
+  sprintf('%e', 3.14159)  # => "3.141590e+00"
+  sprintf('%E', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590E+00"
+
+=== Specifier +f+
+
+Format +argument+ as a floating-point number:
+
+  sprintf('%f', 3.14159)  # => "3.141590"
+  sprintf('%f', -3.14159) # => "-3.141590"
+
+Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
+
+=== Specifiers +g+ and +G+
+
+Format +argument+ using exponential form (+e+/+E+ specifier)
+if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or equal to the precision.
+Otherwise format +argument+ using floating-point form (+f+ specifier):
+
+  sprintf('%g', 100)  # => "100"
+  sprintf('%g', 100.0)  # => "100"
+  sprintf('%g', 3.14159)  # => "3.14159"
+  sprintf('%g', 100000000000)  # => "1e+11"
+  sprintf('%g', 0.000000000001)  # => "1e-12"
+
+  # Capital 'G' means use capital 'E'.
+  sprintf('%G', 100000000000)  # => "1E+11"
+  sprintf('%G', 0.000000000001)  # => "1E-12"
+
+  # Alternate format.
+  sprintf('%#g', 100000000000)  # => "1.00000e+11"
+  sprintf('%#g', 0.000000000001)  # => "1.00000e-12"
+  sprintf('%#G', 100000000000)  # => "1.00000E+11"
+  sprintf('%#G', 0.000000000001)  # => "1.00000E-12"
+
+=== Specifier +o+
+
+Format +argument+ as an octal integer.
+If +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement
+prefixed with +..7+:
+
+  sprintf('%o', 16)   # => "20"
+
+  # Prefix '..7' for negative value.
+  sprintf('%o', -16)  # => "..760"
+
+  # Prefix zero for alternate format if positive.
+  sprintf('%#o', 16)  # => "020"
+  sprintf('%#o', -16) # => "..760"
+
+=== Specifier +p+
+
+Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.inspect</tt>:
+
+  t = Time.now
+  sprintf('%p', t)   # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07.1645683 -0500"
+
+=== Specifier +s+
+
+Format +argument+ as a string via <tt>argument.to_s</tt>:
+
+  t = Time.now
+  sprintf('%s', t) # => "2022-05-01 13:42:07 -0500"
+
+Flag <tt>'#'</tt> does not apply.
+
+=== Specifiers +x+ and +X+
+
+Format +argument+ as a hexadecimal integer.
+If +argument+ is negative, it will be formatted as a two's complement
+prefixed with +..f+:
+
+  sprintf('%x', 100)   # => "64"
+
+  # Prefix '..f' for negative value.
+  sprintf('%x', -100)  # => "..f9c"
+
+  # Use alternate format.
+  sprintf('%#x', 100)  # => "0x64"
+
+  # Alternate format for negative value.
+  sprintf('%#x', -100) # => "0x..f9c"
+
+=== Specifier <tt>%</tt>
+
+Format +argument+ (<tt>'%'</tt>) as a single percent character:
+
+  sprintf('%d %%', 100) # => "100 %"
+
+Flags do not apply.
+
+== Reference by Name
+
+For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
+%<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
+
+Examples:
+
+  sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 }) # => 1 : 2.000000
+  sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 })                      # => "1f"
diff --git a/doc/language/globals.md b/doc/language/globals.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f6b632a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/globals.md
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+# Pre-Defined Global Variables
+
+Some of the pre-defined global variables have synonyms
+that are available via module English.
+For each of those, the \English synonym is given.
+
+To use the module:
+
+```ruby
+require 'English'
+```
+
+## In Brief
+
+### Exceptions
+
+| Variable |     \English      | Contains                               | Initially | Read-Only | Reset By     |
+|:--------:|:-----------------:|----------------------------------------|:---------:|:---------:|--------------|
+|   `$!`   |   `$ERROR_INFO`   | \Exception object or `nil`             |   `nil`   |    Yes    | Kernel#raise |
+|   `$@`   | `$ERROR_POSITION` | \Array of backtrace positions or `nil` |   `nil`   |    Yes    | Kernel#raise |
+
+### Matched \Data
+
+| Variable  |      \English       | Contains                          | Initially | Read-Only | Reset By        |
+|:---------:|:-------------------:|-----------------------------------|:---------:|:---------:|-----------------|
+|   `$~`    | `$LAST_MATCH_INFO`  | \MatchData object or `nil`        |   `nil`   |    No     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$&`    |      `$MATCH`       | Matched substring or `nil`        |   `nil`   |    No     | Matcher methods |
+| `` $` ``  |    `$PRE_MATCH`     | Substring left of match or `nil`  |   `nil`   |    No     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$'`    |    `$POST_MATCH`    | Substring right of match or `nil` |   `nil`   |    No     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$+`    | `$LAST_PAREN_MATCH` | Last group matched or `nil`       |   `nil`   |    No     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$1`    |                     | First group matched or `nil`      |   `nil`   |   Yes     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$2`    |                     | Second group matched or `nil`     |   `nil`   |   Yes     | Matcher methods |
+|   `$n`    |                     | <i>n</i>th group matched or `nil` |   `nil`   |   Yes     | Matcher methods |
+
+### Separators
+
+|  Variable   |          \English           | Contains                | Initially | Read-Only | Reset By |
+|:-----------:|:---------------------------:|-------------------------|:---------:|:---------:|----------|
+| `$/`, `$-0` | `$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`   | Input record separator  |  Newline  |    No     |          |
+|  `$\`       | `$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`  | Output record separator |   `nil`   |   No      |          |
+
+### Streams
+
+| Variable  |           \English           | Contains                                    | Initially | Read-Only | Reset By             |
+|:---------:|:----------------------------:|---------------------------------------------|:---------:|:---------:|----------------------|
+| `$stdin`  |                              | Standard input stream                       |  `STDIN`  |    No     |                      |
+| `$stdout` |                              | Standard output stream                      | `STDOUT`  |    No     |                      |
+| `$stderr` |                              | Standard error stream                       | `STDERR`  |    No     |                      |
+|   `$<`    |       `$DEFAULT_INPUT`       | Default standard input                      |  `ARGF`   |    Yes    |                      |
+|   `$>`    |      `$DEFAULT_OUTPUT`       | Default standard output                     | `STDOUT`  |    No     |                      |
+|   `$.`    | `$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER`, `$NR`  | Input position of most recently read stream |     0     |    No     | Certain read methods |
+|   `$_`    |      `$LAST_READ_LINE`       | String from most recently read stream       |   `nil`   |    No     | Certain read methods |
+
+### Processes
+
+|         Variable          |        \English        | Contains                        |   Initially   | Read-Only | Reset By |
+|:-------------------------:|:----------------------:|---------------------------------|:-------------:|:---------:|----------|
+|   `$0`, `$PROGRAM_NAME`   |                        | Program name                    | Program name  |   No      |          |
+|           `$*`            |        `$ARGV`         | \ARGV array                     |    `ARGV`     |   Yes     |          |
+|           `$$`            | `$PROCESS_ID`, `$PID`  | Process id                      | Process PID   |   Yes     |          |
+|           `$?`            |    `$CHILD_STATUS`     | Status of recently exited child |     `nil`     |   Yes     |          |
+| `$LOAD_PATH`, `$:`, `$-I` |                        | \Array of search paths          | Ruby defaults |   Yes     |          |
+| `$LOADED_FEATURES`, `$"`  |                        | \Array of load paths            | Ruby defaults |   Yes     |          |
+
+### Debugging
+
+|  Variable   | \English | Contains                                   |          Initially           | Read-Only | Reset By |
+|:-----------:|:--------:|--------------------------------------------|:----------------------------:|:---------:|----------|
+| `$FILENAME` |          | Value returned by method `ARGF.filename`   | Command-line argument or '-' |    Yes    |          |
+|  `$DEBUG`   |          | Whether option `-d` or `--debug` was given |     Command-line option      |    No     |          |
+| `$VERBOSE`  |          | Whether option `-V` or `-W` was given      |     Command-line option      |    No     |          |
+
+### Other Variables
+
+|  Variable   | \English | Contains                                      | Initially | Read-Only | Reset By |
+|:-----------:|:--------:|-----------------------------------------------|:---------:|:---------:|----------|
+| `$-F`, `$;` |          | Separator given with command-line option `-F` |           |           |          |
+|    `$-a`    |          | Whether option `-a` was given                 |           |   Yes     |          |
+|    `$-i`    |          | Extension given with command-line option `-i` |           |    No     |          |
+|    `$-l`    |          | Whether option `-l` was given                 |           |   Yes     |          |
+|    `$-p`    |          | Whether option `-p` was given                 |           |   Yes     |          |
+|    `$F`     |          | \Array of `$_` split by `$-F`                 |           |           |          |
+
+## Exceptions
+
+### `$!` (\Exception)
+
+Contains the Exception object set by Kernel#raise:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  raise RuntimeError.new('Boo!')
+rescue RuntimeError
+  p $!
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+#<RuntimeError: Boo!>
+```
+
+English - `$ERROR_INFO`
+
+### `$@` (Backtrace)
+
+Same as `$!.backtrace`;
+returns an array of backtrace positions:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  raise RuntimeError.new('Boo!')
+rescue RuntimeError
+  pp $@.take(4)
+end
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+["(irb):338:in `<top (required)>'",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/workspace.rb:119:in `eval'",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/workspace.rb:119:in `evaluate'",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/irb/context.rb:502:in `evaluate'"]
+```
+
+English - `$ERROR_POSITION`.
+
+## Matched \Data
+
+These global variables store information about the most recent
+successful match in the current scope.
+
+For details and examples,
+see [Regexp Global Variables].
+
+### `$~` (\MatchData)
+
+MatchData object created from the match;
+thread-local and frame-local.
+
+English - `$LAST_MATCH_INFO`.
+
+### `$&` (Matched Substring)
+
+The matched string.
+
+English - `$MATCH`.
+
+### `` $` `` (Pre-Match Substring)
+The string to the left of the match.
+
+English - `$PREMATCH`.
+
+### `$'` (Post-Match Substring)
+
+The string to the right of the match.
+
+English - `$POSTMATCH`.
+
+### `$+` (Last Matched Group)
+
+The last group matched.
+
+English - `$LAST_PAREN_MATCH`.
+
+### `$1`, `$2`, \Etc. (Matched Group)
+
+For <tt>$n</tt> the <i>n</i>th group of the match.
+
+No \English.
+
+## Separators
+
+### `$/` (Input Record Separator)
+
+An input record separator, initially newline.
+Set by the [command-line option `-0`].
+
+Setting to non-nil value by other than the command-line option is
+deprecated.
+
+English - `$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`, `$RS`.
+
+Aliased as `$-0`.
+
+### `$\` (Output Record Separator)
+
+An output record separator, initially `nil`.
+
+Copied from `$/` when the [command-line option `-l`] is
+given.
+
+Setting to non-nil value by other than the command-line option is
+deprecated.
+
+English - `$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`, `$ORS`.
+
+## Streams
+
+### `$stdin` (Standard Input)
+
+The current standard input stream; initially:
+
+```ruby
+$stdin # => #<IO:<STDIN>>
+```
+
+### `$stdout` (Standard Output)
+
+The current standard output stream; initially:
+
+```ruby
+$stdout # => #<IO:<STDOUT>>
+```
+
+### `$stderr` (Standard Error)
+
+The current standard error stream; initially:
+
+```ruby
+$stderr # => #<IO:<STDERR>>
+```
+
+### `$<` (\ARGF or $stdin)
+
+Points to stream ARGF if not empty, else to stream $stdin; read-only.
+
+English - `$DEFAULT_INPUT`.
+
+### `$>` (Default Standard Output)
+
+An output stream, initially `$stdout`.
+
+English - `$DEFAULT_OUTPUT`
+
+### `$.` (Input Position)
+
+The input position (line number) in the most recently read stream.
+
+English - `$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER`, `$NR`
+
+### `$_` (Last Read Line)
+
+The line (string) from the most recently read stream.
+
+English - `$LAST_READ_LINE`.
+
+## Processes
+
+### `$0`
+
+Initially, contains the name of the script being executed;
+may be reassigned.
+
+### `$*` (\ARGV)
+
+Points to ARGV.
+
+English - `$ARGV`.
+
+### `$$` (Process ID)
+
+The process ID of the current process. Same as Process.pid.
+
+English - `$PROCESS_ID`, `$PID`.
+
+### `$?` (Child Status)
+
+Initially `nil`, otherwise the Process::Status object
+created for the most-recently exited child process;
+thread-local.
+
+English - `$CHILD_STATUS`.
+
+### `$LOAD_PATH` (Load Path)
+
+Contains the array of paths to be searched
+by Kernel#load and Kernel#require.
+
+Singleton method `$LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path(feature)`
+returns:
+
+- <tt>[:rb, path]</tt>, where `path` is the path to the Ruby file to be
+  loaded for the given `feature`.
+- <tt>[:so, path]</tt>, where `path` is the path to the shared object file
+  to be loaded for the given `feature`.
+- `nil` if there is no such `feature` and `path`.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+$LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('timeout')
+# => [:rb, "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb"]
+$LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('date_core')
+# => [:so, "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/date_core.so"]
+$LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('foo')
+# => nil
+```
+
+Aliased as `$:` and `$-I`.
+
+### `$LOADED_FEATURES`
+
+Contains an array of the paths to the loaded files:
+
+```ruby
+$LOADED_FEATURES.take(10)
+# =>
+["enumerator.so",
+ "thread.rb",
+ "fiber.so",
+ "rational.so",
+ "complex.so",
+ "ruby2_keywords.rb",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/enc/encdb.so",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/enc/trans/transdb.so",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/x86_64-linux/rbconfig.rb",
+ "/snap/ruby/317/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb"]
+```
+
+Aliased as `$"`.
+
+## Debugging
+
+### `$FILENAME`
+
+The value returned by method ARGF.filename.
+
+### `$DEBUG`
+
+Initially `true` if [command-line option `-d`] or
+[`--debug`][command-line option `-d`] is given, otherwise initially `false`;
+may be set to either value in the running program.
+
+When `true`, prints each raised exception to `$stderr`.
+
+Aliased as `$-d`.
+
+### `$VERBOSE`
+
+Initially `true` if [command-line option `-v`] or
+[command-line option `-w`] is given, otherwise initially `false`;
+may be set to either value, or to `nil`, in the running program.
+
+When `true`, enables Ruby warnings.
+
+When `nil`, disables warnings, including those from Kernel#warn.
+
+Aliased as `$-v` and `$-w`.
+
+## Other Variables
+
+### `$-F`
+
+The default field separator in String#split; must be a String or a
+Regexp, and can be set with [command-line option `-F`].
+
+Setting to non-nil value by other than the command-line option is
+deprecated.
+
+Aliased as `$;`.
+
+### `$-a`
+
+Whether [command-line option `-a`] was given; read-only.
+
+### `$-i`
+
+Contains the extension given with [command-line option `-i`],
+or `nil` if none.
+
+An alias of ARGF.inplace_mode.
+
+### `$-l`
+
+Whether [command-line option `-l`] was set; read-only.
+
+### `$-p`
+
+Whether [command-line option `-p`] was given; read-only.
+
+### `$F`
+
+If the [command-line option `-a`] is given, the array
+obtained by splitting `$_` by `$-F` is assigned at the start of each
+`-l`/`-p` loop.
+
+## Deprecated
+
+### `$=`
+
+### `$,`
+
+# Pre-Defined Global Constants
+
+## Summary
+
+### Streams
+
+| Constant | Contains                |
+|:--------:|-------------------------|
+| `STDIN`  | Standard input stream.  |
+| `STDOUT` | Standard output stream. |
+| `STDERR` | Standard error stream.  |
+
+### Environment
+
+| Constant              | Contains                                                                      |
+|-----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `ENV`                 | Hash of current environment variable names and values.                        |
+| `ARGF`                | String concatenation of files given on the command line, or `$stdin` if none. |
+| `ARGV`                | Array of the given command-line arguments.                                    |
+| `TOPLEVEL_BINDING`    | Binding of the top level scope.                                               |
+| `RUBY_VERSION`        | String Ruby version.                                                          |
+| `RUBY_RELEASE_DATE`   | String Ruby release date.                                                     |
+| `RUBY_PLATFORM`       | String Ruby platform.                                                         |
+| `RUBY_PATCH_LEVEL`    | String Ruby patch level.                                                      |
+| `RUBY_REVISION`       | String Ruby revision.                                                         |
+| `RUBY_COPYRIGHT`      | String Ruby copyright.                                                        |
+| `RUBY_ENGINE`         | String Ruby engine.                                                           |
+| `RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION` | String Ruby engine version.                                                   |
+| `RUBY_DESCRIPTION`    | String Ruby description.                                                      |
+
+### Embedded \Data
+
+|      Constant         | Contains                                                                      |
+|:---------------------:|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|        `DATA`         | File containing embedded data (lines following `__END__`, if any).            |
+
+## Streams
+
+### `STDIN`
+
+The standard input stream (the default value for `$stdin`):
+
+```ruby
+STDIN # => #<IO:<STDIN>>
+```
+
+### `STDOUT`
+
+The standard output stream (the default value for `$stdout`):
+
+```ruby
+STDOUT # => #<IO:<STDOUT>>
+```
+
+### `STDERR`
+
+The standard error stream (the default value for `$stderr`):
+
+```ruby
+STDERR # => #<IO:<STDERR>>
+```
+
+## Environment
+
+### `ENV`
+
+A hash of the contains current environment variables names and values:
+
+```ruby
+ENV.take(5)
+# =>
+[["COLORTERM", "truecolor"],
+ ["DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", "unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus"],
+ ["DESKTOP_SESSION", "ubuntu"],
+ ["DISPLAY", ":0"],
+ ["GDMSESSION", "ubuntu"]]
+```
+
+### `ARGF`
+
+The virtual concatenation of the files given on the command line, or from
+`$stdin` if no files were given, `"-"` is given, or after
+all files have been read.
+
+### `ARGV`
+
+An array of the given command-line arguments.
+
+### `TOPLEVEL_BINDING`
+
+The Binding of the top level scope:
+
+```ruby
+TOPLEVEL_BINDING # => #<Binding:0x00007f58da0da7c0>
+```
+
+### `RUBY_VERSION`
+
+The Ruby version:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_VERSION # => "3.2.2"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_RELEASE_DATE`
+
+The release date string:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_RELEASE_DATE # => "2023-03-30"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_PLATFORM`
+
+The platform identifier:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_PLATFORM # => "x86_64-linux"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_PATCHLEVEL`
+
+The integer patch level for this Ruby:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_PATCHLEVEL # => 53
+```
+
+For a development build the patch level will be -1.
+
+### `RUBY_REVISION`
+
+The git commit hash for this Ruby:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_REVISION # => "e51014f9c05aa65cbf203442d37fef7c12390015"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_COPYRIGHT`
+
+The copyright string:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_COPYRIGHT
+# => "ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2023 Yukihiro Matsumoto"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_ENGINE`
+
+The name of the Ruby implementation:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_ENGINE # => "ruby"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION`
+
+The version of the Ruby implementation:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION # => "3.2.2"
+```
+
+### `RUBY_DESCRIPTION`
+
+The description of the Ruby implementation:
+
+```ruby
+RUBY_DESCRIPTION
+# => "ruby 3.2.2 (2023-03-30 revision e51014f9c0) [x86_64-linux]"
+```
+
+## Embedded \Data
+
+### `DATA`
+
+Defined if and only if the program has this line:
+
+```ruby
+__END__
+```
+
+When defined, `DATA` is a File object
+containing the lines following the `__END__`,
+positioned at the first of those lines:
+
+```ruby
+p DATA
+DATA.each_line { |line| p line }
+__END__
+Foo
+Bar
+Baz
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+#<File:t.rb>
+"Foo\n"
+"Bar\n"
+"Baz\n"
+```
+
+[command-line option `-0`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-0-set--input-record-separator
+[command-line option `-F`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-f-set-input-field-separator
+[command-line option `-a`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-a-split-input-lines-into-fields
+[command-line option `-d`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-d-set-debug-to-true
+[command-line option `-i`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-i-set-argf-in-place-mode
+[command-line option `-l`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-l-set-output-record-separator-chop-lines
+[command-line option `-p`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-p--n-with-printing
+[command-line option `-v`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-v-print-version-set-verbose
+[command-line option `-w`]: rdoc-ref:language/options.md@-w-synonym-for--w1
+
+[Regexp Global Variables]: rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables
+
diff --git a/doc/hash_inclusion.rdoc b/doc/language/hash_inclusion.rdoc
index 05c2b0932a..05c2b0932a 100644
--- a/doc/hash_inclusion.rdoc
+++ b/doc/language/hash_inclusion.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/implicit_conversion.rdoc b/doc/language/implicit_conversion.rdoc
index e244096125..e244096125 100644
--- a/doc/implicit_conversion.rdoc
+++ b/doc/language/implicit_conversion.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/language/marshal.rdoc b/doc/language/marshal.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..740064ade6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/marshal.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+= Marshal Format
+
+The Marshal format is used to serialize ruby objects.  The format can store
+arbitrary objects through three user-defined extension mechanisms.
+
+For documentation on using Marshal to serialize and deserialize objects, see
+the Marshal module.
+
+This document calls a serialized set of objects a stream.  The Ruby
+implementation can load a set of objects from a String, an IO or an object
+that implements a +getc+ method.
+
+== Stream Format
+
+The first two bytes of the stream contain the major and minor version, each as
+a single byte encoding a digit.  The version implemented in Ruby is 4.8
+(stored as "\x04\x08") and is supported by ruby 1.8.0 and newer.
+
+Different major versions of the Marshal format are not compatible and cannot
+be understood by other major versions.  Lesser minor versions of the format
+can be understood by newer minor versions.  Format 4.7 can be loaded by a 4.8
+implementation but format 4.8 cannot be loaded by a 4.7 implementation.
+
+Following the version bytes is a stream describing the serialized object.  The
+stream contains nested objects (the same as a Ruby object) but objects in the
+stream do not necessarily have a direct mapping to the Ruby object model.
+
+Each object in the stream is described by a byte indicating its type followed
+by one or more bytes describing the object.  When "object" is mentioned below
+it means any of the types below that defines a Ruby object.
+
+=== true, false, nil
+
+These objects are each one byte long.  "T" is represents +true+, "F"
+represents +false+ and "0" represents +nil+.
+
+=== Fixnum and long
+
+"i" represents a signed 32 bit value using a packed format.  One through five
+bytes follows the type.  The value loaded will always be a Fixnum.  On
+32 bit platforms (where the precision of a Fixnum is less than 32 bits)
+loading large values will cause overflow on CRuby.
+
+The fixnum type is used to represent both ruby Fixnum objects and the sizes of
+marshaled arrays, hashes, instance variables and other types.  In the
+following sections "long" will mean the format described below, which supports
+full 32 bit precision.
+
+The first byte has the following special values:
+
+"\x00"::
+  The value of the integer is 0.  No bytes follow.
+
+"\x01"::
+  The total size of the integer is two bytes.  The following byte is a
+  positive integer in the range of 0 through 255.  Only values between 123
+  and 255 should be represented this way to save bytes.
+
+"\xff"::
+  The total size of the integer is two bytes.  The following byte is a
+  negative integer in the range of -1 through -256.
+
+"\x02"::
+  The total size of the integer is three bytes.  The following two bytes are a
+  positive little-endian integer.
+
+"\xfe"::
+  The total size of the integer is three bytes.  The following two bytes are a
+  negative little-endian integer.
+
+"\x03"::
+  The total size of the integer is four bytes.  The following three bytes are
+  a positive little-endian integer.
+
+"\xfd"::
+  The total size of the integer is four bytes.  The following three bytes are a
+  negative little-endian integer.
+
+"\x04"::
+  The total size of the integer is five bytes.  The following four bytes are a
+  positive little-endian integer.  For compatibility with 32 bit ruby,
+  only Fixnums less than 1073741824 should be represented this way.  For sizes
+  of stream objects full precision may be used.
+
+"\xfc"::
+  The total size of the integer is five bytes.  The following four bytes are a
+  negative little-endian integer.  For compatibility with 32 bit ruby,
+  only Fixnums greater than -10737341824 should be represented this way.  For
+  sizes of stream objects full precision may be used.
+
+Otherwise the first byte is a sign-extended eight-bit value with an offset.
+If the value is positive the value is determined by subtracting 5 from the
+value.  If the value is negative the value is determined by adding 5 to the
+value.
+
+There are multiple representations for many values.  CRuby always outputs the
+shortest representation possible.
+
+=== Symbols and Byte Sequence
+
+":" represents a real symbol.  A real symbol contains the data needed to
+define the symbol for the rest of the stream as future occurrences in the
+stream will instead be references (a symbol link) to this one.  The reference
+is a zero-indexed 32 bit value (so the first occurrence of <code>:hello</code>
+is 0).
+
+Following the type byte is byte sequence which consists of a long indicating
+the number of bytes in the sequence followed by that many bytes of data.  Byte
+sequences have no encoding.
+
+For example, the following stream contains the Symbol <code>:hello</code>:
+
+  "\x04\x08:\x0ahello"
+
+";" represents a Symbol link which references a previously defined Symbol.
+Following the type byte is a long containing the index in the lookup table for
+the linked (referenced) Symbol.
+
+For example, the following stream contains <code>[:hello, :hello]</code>:
+
+  "\x04\b[\a:\nhello;\x00"
+
+When a "symbol" is referenced below it may be either a real symbol or a
+symbol link.
+
+=== Object References
+
+Separate from but similar to symbol references, the stream contains only one
+copy of each object (as determined by #object_id) for all objects except
+true, false, nil, Fixnums and Symbols (which are stored separately as
+described above) a one-indexed 32 bit value will be stored and reused when the
+object is encountered again.  (The first object has an index of 1).
+
+"@" represents an object link.  Following the type byte is a long giving the
+index of the object.
+
+For example, the following stream contains an Array of the same
+<code>"hello"</code> object twice:
+
+  "\004\b[\a\"\nhello@\006"
+
+=== Instance Variables
+
+"I" indicates that instance variables follow the next object.  An object
+follows the type byte.  Following the object is a length indicating the number
+of instance variables for the object.  Following the length is a set of
+name-value pairs.  The names are symbols while the values are objects.  The
+symbols must be instance variable names (<code>:@name</code>).
+
+An Object ("o" type, described below) uses the same format for its instance
+variables as described here.
+
+For a String and Regexp (described below) a special instance variable
+<code>:E</code> is used to indicate the Encoding.
+
+=== Extended
+
+"e" indicates that the next object is extended by a module.  An object follows
+the type byte.  Following the object is a symbol that contains the name of the
+module the object is extended by.
+
+=== Array
+
+"[" represents an Array.  Following the type byte is a long indicating the
+number of objects in the array.  The given number of objects follow the
+length.
+
+=== Bignum
+
+"l" represents a Bignum which is composed of three parts:
+
+sign::
+  A single byte containing "+" for a positive value or "-" for a negative
+  value.
+length::
+  A long indicating the number of bytes of Bignum data follows, divided by
+  two.  Multiply the length by two to determine the number of bytes of data
+  that follow.
+data::
+  Bytes of Bignum data representing the number.
+
+The following ruby code will reconstruct the Bignum value from an array of
+bytes:
+
+  result = 0
+
+  bytes.each_with_index do |byte, exp|
+   result += (byte * 2 ** (exp * 8))
+  end
+
+=== +Class+ and +Module+
+
+"c" represents a +Class+ object, "m" represents a +Module+ and "M" represents
+either a class or module (this is an old-style for compatibility).  No class
+or module content is included, this type is only a reference.  Following the
+type byte is a byte sequence which is used to look up an existing class or
+module, respectively.
+
+Instance variables are not allowed on a class or module.
+
+If no class or module exists an exception should be raised.
+
+For "c" and "m" types, the loaded object must be a class or module,
+respectively.
+
+=== Data
+
+"d" represents a Data object.  (Data objects are wrapped pointers from ruby
+extensions.)  Following the type byte is a symbol indicating the class for the
+Data object and an object that contains the state of the Data object.
+
+To dump a Data object Ruby calls _dump_data.  To load a Data object Ruby calls
+_load_data with the state of the object on a newly allocated instance.
+
+=== Float
+
+"f" represents a Float object.  Following the type byte is a byte sequence
+containing the float value.  The following values are special:
+
+"inf"::
+  Positive infinity
+
+"-inf"::
+  Negative infinity
+
+"nan"::
+  Not a Number
+
+Otherwise the byte sequence contains a C double (loadable by strtod(3)).
+Older minor versions of Marshal also stored extra mantissa bits to ensure
+portability across platforms but 4.8 does not include these.  See
+[ruby-talk:69518] for some explanation.
+
+=== Hash and Hash with Default Value
+
+"{" represents a Hash object while "}" represents a Hash with a default value
+set (<code>Hash.new 0</code>).  Following the type byte is a long indicating
+the number of key-value pairs in the Hash, the size.  Double the given number
+of objects follow the size.
+
+For a Hash with a default value, the default value follows all the pairs.
+
+=== Module and Old Module
+
+=== Object
+
+"o" represents an object that doesn't have any other special form (such as
+a user-defined or built-in format).  Following the type byte is a symbol
+containing the class name of the object.  Following the class name is a long
+indicating the number of instance variable names and values for the object.
+Double the given number of pairs of objects follow the size.
+
+The keys in the pairs must be symbols containing instance variable names.
+
+=== Regular Expression
+
+"/" represents a regular expression.  Following the type byte is a byte
+sequence containing the regular expression source.  Following the type byte is
+a byte containing the regular expression options (case-insensitive, etc.) as a
+signed 8-bit value.
+
+Regular expressions can have an encoding attached through instance variables
+(see above).  If no encoding is attached escapes for the following regexp
+specials not present in ruby 1.8 must be removed: g-m, o-q, u, y, E, F, H-L,
+N-V, X, Y.
+
+=== String
+
+'"' represents a String.  Following the type byte is a byte sequence
+containing the string content.  When dumped from ruby 1.9 an encoding instance
+variable (<code>:E</code> see above) should be included unless the encoding is
+binary.
+
+=== Struct
+
+"S" represents a Struct.  Following the type byte is a symbol containing the
+name of the struct.  Following the name is a long indicating the number of
+members in the struct.  Double the number of objects follow the member count.
+Each member is a pair containing the member's symbol and an object for the
+value of that member.
+
+If the struct name does not match a Struct subclass in the running ruby an
+exception should be raised.
+
+If there is a mismatch between the struct in the currently running ruby and
+the member count in the marshaled struct an exception should be raised.
+
+=== User Class
+
+"C" represents a subclass of a String, Regexp, Array or Hash.  Following the
+type byte is a symbol containing the name of the subclass.  Following the name
+is the wrapped object.
+
+=== User Defined
+
+"u" represents an object with a user-defined serialization format using the
++_dump+ instance method and +_load+ class method.  Following the type byte is
+a symbol containing the class name.  Following the class name is a byte
+sequence containing the user-defined representation of the object.
+
+The class method +_load+ is called on the class with a string created from the
+byte-sequence.
+
+This type is not recommended for newly created classes, because of some
+restrictions:
+
+- cannot have recursive reference
+
+=== User Marshal
+
+"U" represents an object with a user-defined serialization format using the
++marshal_dump+ and +marshal_load+ instance methods.  Following the type byte
+is a symbol containing the class name.  Following the class name is an object
+containing the data.
+
+Upon loading a new instance must be allocated and +marshal_load+ must be
+called on the instance with the data.
+
diff --git a/doc/language/option_dump.md b/doc/language/option_dump.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..328c6b52af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/option_dump.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# Option `--dump`
+
+For other argument values,
+see {Option `--dump`}[rdoc-ref:options.md@--dump+Dump+Items].
+
+For the examples here, we use this program:
+
+```console
+$ cat t.rb
+puts 'Foo'
+```
+
+The supported dump items:
+
+- `insns`: Instruction sequences:
+
+    ```sh
+    $ ruby --dump=insns t.rb
+    == disasm: #<ISeq:<main>@t.rb:1 (1,0)-(1,10)> (catch: FALSE)
+    0000 putself                                                          (   1)[Li]
+    0001 dupstring                              "Foo"
+    0003 opt_send_without_block                 <calldata!mid:puts, argc:1, FCALL|ARGS_SIMPLE>
+    0005 leave
+    ```
+
+- `parsetree`: {Abstract syntax tree}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree]
+  (AST):
+
+    ```console
+    $ ruby --dump=parsetree t.rb
+    ###########################################################
+    ## Do NOT use this node dump for any purpose other than  ##
+    ## debug and research.  Compatibility is not guaranteed. ##
+    ###########################################################
+
+    # @ NODE_SCOPE (line: 1, location: (1,0)-(1,10))
+    # +- nd_tbl: (empty)
+    # +- nd_args:
+    # |   (null node)
+    # +- nd_body:
+    #     @ NODE_FCALL (line: 1, location: (1,0)-(1,10))*
+    #     +- nd_mid: :puts
+    #     +- nd_args:
+    #         @ NODE_LIST (line: 1, location: (1,5)-(1,10))
+    #         +- nd_alen: 1
+    #         +- nd_head:
+    #         |   @ NODE_STR (line: 1, location: (1,5)-(1,10))
+    #         |   +- nd_lit: "Foo"
+    #         +- nd_next:
+    #             (null node)
+    ```
+
+- `yydebug`: Debugging information from yacc parser generator:
+
+    ```
+    $ ruby --dump=yydebug t.rb
+    Starting parse
+    Entering state 0
+    Reducing stack by rule 1 (line 1295):
+    lex_state: NONE -> BEG at line 1296
+    vtable_alloc:12392: 0x0000558453df1a00
+    vtable_alloc:12393: 0x0000558453df1a60
+    cmdarg_stack(push): 0 at line 12406
+    cond_stack(push): 0 at line 12407
+    -> $$ = nterm $@1 (1.0-1.0: )
+    Stack now 0
+    Entering state 2
+    Reading a token:
+    lex_state: BEG -> CMDARG at line 9049
+    Next token is token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
+    Shifting token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
+    Entering state 35
+    Reading a token: Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 742 (line 5567):
+    $1 = token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
+    -> $$ = nterm operation (1.0-1.4: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 126
+    Reducing stack by rule 78 (line 1794):
+    $1 = nterm operation (1.0-1.4: )
+    -> $$ = nterm fcall (1.0-1.4: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 80
+    Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 292 (line 2723):
+    cmdarg_stack(push): 1 at line 2737
+    -> $$ = nterm $@16 (1.4-1.4: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80
+    Entering state 235
+    Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
+    Shifting token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
+    Entering state 216
+    Reducing stack by rule 607 (line 4706):
+    -> $$ = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.6: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216
+    Entering state 437
+    Reading a token: Next token is token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
+    Shifting token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
+    Entering state 503
+    Reducing stack by rule 613 (line 4802):
+    $1 = token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
+    -> $$ = nterm string_content (1.6-1.9: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216 437
+    Entering state 507
+    Reducing stack by rule 608 (line 4716):
+    $1 = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.6: )
+    $2 = nterm string_content (1.6-1.9: )
+    -> $$ = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.9: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216
+    Entering state 437
+    Reading a token:
+    lex_state: CMDARG -> END at line 7276
+    Next token is token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
+    Shifting token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
+    Entering state 508
+    Reducing stack by rule 590 (line 4569):
+    $1 = token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
+    $2 = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.9: )
+    $3 = token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm string1 (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 109
+    Reducing stack by rule 588 (line 4559):
+    $1 = nterm string1 (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm string (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 108
+    Reading a token:
+    lex_state: END -> BEG at line 9200
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 586 (line 4541):
+    $1 = nterm string (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm strings (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 107
+    Reducing stack by rule 307 (line 2837):
+    $1 = nterm strings (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm primary (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 90
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 261 (line 2553):
+    $1 = nterm primary (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm arg (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 220
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 270 (line 2586):
+    $1 = nterm arg (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm arg_value (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 221
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 297 (line 2779):
+    $1 = nterm arg_value (1.5-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm args (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 224
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 772 (line 5626):
+    -> $$ = nterm none (1.10-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235 224
+    Entering state 442
+    Reducing stack by rule 296 (line 2773):
+    $1 = nterm none (1.10-1.10: )
+
+    -> $$ = nterm opt_block_arg (1.10-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235 224
+    Entering state 441
+    Reducing stack by rule 288 (line 2696):
+    $1 = nterm args (1.5-1.10: )
+    $2 = nterm opt_block_arg (1.10-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm call_args (1.5-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80 235
+    Entering state 453
+    Reducing stack by rule 293 (line 2723):
+    $1 = nterm $@16 (1.4-1.4: )
+    $2 = nterm call_args (1.5-1.10: )
+    cmdarg_stack(pop): 0 at line 2754
+    -> $$ = nterm command_args (1.4-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 80
+    Entering state 333
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 79 (line 1804):
+    $1 = nterm fcall (1.0-1.4: )
+    $2 = nterm command_args (1.4-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm command (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 81
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 73 (line 1770):
+    $1 = nterm command (1.0-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm command_call (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 78
+    Reducing stack by rule 51 (line 1659):
+    $1 = nterm command_call (1.0-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm expr (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 75
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 39 (line 1578):
+    $1 = nterm expr (1.0-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm stmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 73
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Reducing stack by rule 8 (line 1354):
+    $1 = nterm stmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm top_stmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 72
+    Reducing stack by rule 5 (line 1334):
+    $1 = nterm top_stmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm top_stmts (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 71
+    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Shifting token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    Entering state 311
+    Reducing stack by rule 769 (line 5618):
+    $1 = token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm term (1.10-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 71
+    Entering state 313
+    Reducing stack by rule 770 (line 5621):
+    $1 = nterm term (1.10-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm terms (1.10-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 71
+    Entering state 314
+    Reading a token: Now at end of input.
+    Reducing stack by rule 759 (line 5596):
+    $1 = nterm terms (1.10-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm opt_terms (1.10-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2 71
+    Entering state 312
+    Reducing stack by rule 3 (line 1321):
+    $1 = nterm top_stmts (1.0-1.10: )
+    $2 = nterm opt_terms (1.10-1.10: )
+    -> $$ = nterm top_compstmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0 2
+    Entering state 70
+    Reducing stack by rule 2 (line 1295):
+    $1 = nterm $@1 (1.0-1.0: )
+    $2 = nterm top_compstmt (1.0-1.10: )
+    vtable_free:12426: p->lvtbl->args(0x0000558453df1a00)
+    vtable_free:12427: p->lvtbl->vars(0x0000558453df1a60)
+    cmdarg_stack(pop): 0 at line 12428
+    cond_stack(pop): 0 at line 12429
+    -> $$ = nterm program (1.0-1.10: )
+    Stack now 0
+    Entering state 1
+    Now at end of input.
+    Shifting token "end-of-input" (1.10-1.10: )
+    Entering state 3
+    Stack now 0 1 3
+    Cleanup: popping token "end-of-input" (1.10-1.10: )
+    Cleanup: popping nterm program (1.0-1.10: )
+    ```
+
+Additional flags can follow dump items.
+
+- `+comment`: Add comments to AST.
+- `+error-tolerant`: Parse in error-tolerant mode.
+- `-optimize`: Disable optimizations for instruction sequences.
diff --git a/doc/language/options.md b/doc/language/options.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1329b7ca63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/options.md
@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+# Ruby Command-Line Options
+
+## About the Examples
+
+Some examples here use command-line option `-e`,
+which passes the Ruby code to be executed on the command line itself:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'puts "Hello, World."'
+```
+
+Some examples here assume that file `desiderata.txt` exists:
+
+```console
+$ cat desiderata.txt
+Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
+and remember what peace there may be in silence.
+As far as possible, without surrender,
+be on good terms with all persons.
+```
+
+## Options
+
+### `-0`: Set `$/` (Input Record Separator)
+
+Option `-0` defines the input record separator `$/`
+for the invoked Ruby program.
+
+The optional argument to the option must be octal digits,
+each in the range `0..7`;
+these digits are prefixed with digit `0` to form an octal value.
+
+If no argument is given, the input record separator is `0x00`.
+
+If an argument is given, it must immediately follow the option
+(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`);
+argument values:
+
+- `0`: the input record separator is `''`;
+  see {Special Line Separator Values}[rdoc-ref:IO@Special+Line+Separator+Values].
+- In range `(1..0377)`:
+  the input record separator `$/` is set to the character value of the argument.
+- Any other octal value: the input record separator is `nil`.
+
+Examples:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -0 -e 'p $/'
+"\x00"
+ruby -00 -e 'p $/'
+""
+$ ruby -012 -e 'p $/'
+"\n"
+$ ruby -015 -e 'p $/'
+"\r"
+$ ruby -0377 -e 'p $/'
+"\xFF"
+$ ruby -0400 -e 'p $/'
+nil
+```
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-a`][-a]:
+  Split input lines into fields.
+- [Option `-F`][-F]:
+  Set input field separator.
+- [Option `-l`][-l]:
+  Set output record separator; chop lines.
+- [Option `-n`][-n]:
+  Run program in `gets` loop.
+- [Option `-p`][-p]:
+  `-n`, with printing.
+
+### `-a`: Split Input Lines into Fields
+
+Option `-a`, when given with either of options `-n` or `-p`,
+splits the string at `$_` into an array of strings at `$F`:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -an -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
+["Go", "placidly", "amid", "the", "noise", "and", "the", "haste,"]
+["and", "remember", "what", "peace", "there", "may", "be", "in", "silence."]
+["As", "far", "as", "possible,", "without", "surrender,"]
+["be", "on", "good", "terms", "with", "all", "persons."]
+```
+
+For the splitting,
+the default record separator is `$/`,
+and the default field separator  is `$;`.
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-0`][-0]:
+  Set `$/` (input record separator).
+- [Option `-F`][-F]:
+  Set input field separator.
+- [Option `-l`][-l]:
+  Set output record separator; chop lines.
+- [Option `-n`][-n]:
+  Run program in `gets` loop.
+- [Option `-p`][-p]:
+  `-n`, with printing.
+
+### `-c`: Check Syntax
+
+Option `-c` specifies that the specified Ruby program
+should be checked for syntax, but not actually executed:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'puts "Foo"'
+Foo
+$ ruby -c -e 'puts "Foo"'
+Syntax OK
+```
+
+### `-C`: Set Working Directory
+
+The argument to option `-C` specifies a working directory
+for the invoked Ruby program;
+does not change the working directory for the current process:
+
+```console
+$ basename `pwd`
+ruby
+$ ruby -C lib -e 'puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)'
+lib
+$ basename `pwd`
+ruby
+```
+
+This option is accumulative; relative paths are solved from the
+previous working directory.
+
+```console
+$ ruby -C / -C usr -e 'puts Dir.pwd'
+/usr
+```
+
+If the argument is not an existing directory, a fatal error will
+occur:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -C /nonexistent
+ruby: Can't chdir to /nonexistent (fatal)
+$ ruby -C /dev/null
+ruby: Can't chdir to /dev/null (fatal)
+```
+
+Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
+
+### `-d`: Set `$DEBUG` to `true`
+
+Some code in (or called by) the Ruby program may include statements or blocks
+conditioned by the global variable `$DEBUG` (e.g., `if $DEBUG`);
+these commonly write to `$stdout` or `$stderr`.
+
+The default value for `$DEBUG` is `false`;
+option `-d` sets it to `true`:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'p $DEBUG'
+false
+$ ruby -d -e 'p $DEBUG'
+true
+```
+
+[Option `--debug`][--debug] is an alias for option `-d`.
+
+### `-e`: Execute Given Ruby Code
+
+Option `-e` requires an argument, which is Ruby code to be executed;
+the option may be given more than once:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'puts "Foo"' -e 'puts "Bar"'
+Foo
+Bar
+```
+
+Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
+
+The command may include other options,
+but should not include arguments (which, if given, are ignored).
+
+### `-E`: Set Default Encodings
+
+Option `-E` requires an argument, which specifies either the default external encoding,
+or both the default external and internal encodings for the invoked Ruby program:
+
+```console
+# No option -E.
+$ ruby -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
+[#<Encoding:UTF-8>, nil]
+# Option -E with default external encoding.
+$ ruby -E cesu-8 -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
+[#<Encoding:CESU-8>, nil]
+# Option -E with default external and internal encodings.
+$ ruby -E utf-8:cesu-8 -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
+[#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:CESU-8>]
+```
+
+Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `--external-encoding`][--external-encoding]:
+  Set default external encoding.
+- [Option `--internal-encoding`][--internal-encoding]:
+  Set default internal encoding.
+
+Option `--encoding` is an alias for option `-E`.
+
+### `-F`: Set Input Field Separator
+
+Option `-F`, when given with option `-a`,
+specifies that its argument is to be the input field separator to be used for splitting:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -an -Fs -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
+["Go placidly amid the noi", "e and the ha", "te,\n"]
+["and remember what peace there may be in ", "ilence.\n"]
+["A", " far a", " po", "", "ible, without ", "urrender,\n"]
+["be on good term", " with all per", "on", ".\n"]
+```
+
+The argument may be a regular expression:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -an -F'[.,]\s*' -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
+["Go placidly amid the noise and the haste"]
+["and remember what peace there may be in silence"]
+["As far as possible", "without surrender"]
+["be on good terms with all persons"]
+```
+
+The argument must immediately follow the option
+(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`).
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-0`][-0]:
+  Set `$/` (input record separator).
+- [Option `-a`][-a]:
+  Split input lines into fields.
+- [Option `-l`][-l]:
+  Set output record separator; chop lines.
+- [Option `-n`][-n]:
+  Run program in `gets` loop.
+- [Option `-p`][-p]:
+  `-n`, with printing.
+
+### `-h`: Print Short Help Message
+
+Option `-h` prints a short help message
+that includes single-hyphen options (e.g. `-I`),
+and largely omits double-hyphen options (e.g., `--version`).
+
+Arguments and additional options are ignored.
+
+For a longer help message, use option `--help`.
+
+### `-i`: Set \ARGF In-Place Mode
+
+Option `-i` sets the \ARGF in-place mode for the invoked Ruby program;
+see ARGF#inplace_mode=:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
+nil
+$ ruby -i -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
+""
+$ ruby -i.bak -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
+".bak"
+```
+
+### `-I`: Add to `$LOAD_PATH`
+
+The argument to option `-I` specifies a directory
+to be added to the array in global variable `$LOAD_PATH`;
+the option may be given more than once:
+
+```console
+$ pushd /tmp
+$ ruby -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
+8
+$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
+10
+$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.take(2)'
+["/tmp/my_lib", "/tmp/some_lib"]
+$ popd
+```
+
+This option and [option `-C`][-C] will
+be applied in the order in the command line; expansion of `-I` options
+are affected by preceeding `-C` options.
+
+```console
+$ ruby -C / -Ilib -C usr -Ilib -e 'puts $:[0, 2]'
+/lib
+/usr/lib
+```
+
+Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
+
+### `-l`: Set Output Record Separator; Chop Lines
+
+Option `-l`, when given with option `-n` or `-p`,
+modifies line-ending processing by:
+
+- Setting global variable output record separator `$\`
+  to the current value of input record separator `$/`;
+  this affects line-oriented output (such a the output from Kernel#puts).
+- Calling String#chop! on each line read.
+
+Without option `-l` (unchopped):
+
+```console
+$ ruby -n -e 'p $_' desiderata.txt
+"Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,\n"
+"and remember what peace there may be in silence.\n"
+"As far as possible, without surrender,\n"
+"be on good terms with all persons.\n"
+```
+
+With option `-l` (chopped):
+
+```console
+$ ruby -ln -e 'p $_' desiderata.txt
+"Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,"
+"and remember what peace there may be in silence."
+"As far as possible, without surrender,"
+"be on good terms with all persons."
+```
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-0`][-0]:
+  Set `$/` (input record separator).
+- [Option `-a`][-a]:
+  Split input lines into fields.
+- [Option `-F`][-F]:
+  Set input field separator.
+- [Option `-n`][-n]:
+  Run program in `gets` loop.
+- [Option `-p`][-p]:
+  `-n`, with printing.
+
+### `-n`: Run Program in `gets` Loop
+
+Option `-n` runs your program in a `Kernel#gets` loop:
+
+```ruby
+while gets
+  # Your Ruby code.
+end
+```
+
+Note that `gets` reads the next line and sets global variable `$_`
+to the last read line:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -n -e 'puts $_' desiderata.txt
+Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
+and remember what peace there may be in silence.
+As far as possible, without surrender,
+be on good terms with all persons.
+```
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-0`][-0]:
+  Set `$/` (input record separator).
+- [Option `-a`][-a]:
+  Split input lines into fields.
+- [Option `-F`][-F]:
+  Set input field separator.
+- [Option `-l`][-l]:
+  Set output record separator; chop lines.
+- [Option `-p`][-p]:
+  `-n`, with printing.
+
+### `-p`: `-n`, with Printing
+
+Option `-p` is like option `-n`, but also prints each line:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -p -e 'puts $_.size' desiderata.txt
+42
+Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
+49
+and remember what peace there may be in silence.
+39
+As far as possible, without surrender,
+35
+be on good terms with all persons.
+```
+
+See also:
+
+- [Option `-0`][-0]:
+  Set `$/` (input record separator).
+- [Option `-a`][-a]:
+  Split input lines into fields.
+- [Option `-F`][-F]:
+  Set input field separator.
+- [Option `-l`][-l]:
+  Set output record separator; chop lines.
+- [Option `-n`][-n]:
+  Run program in `gets` loop.
+
+### `-r`: Require Library
+
+The argument to option `-r` specifies a library to be required
+before executing the Ruby program;
+the option may be given more than once:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
+nil
+nil
+$ ruby -r csv -r json -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
+"constant"
+"constant"
+```
+
+The library is loaded with the `Kernel#require` method, after the
+other options such as [`-C`][-C], [`-I`][-I], and "custom options" by
+[`-s`][-s], are applied:
+
+Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
+
+### `-s`: Define Global Variable
+
+Option `-s` specifies that a "custom option" is to define a global variable
+in the invoked Ruby program:
+
+- The custom option must appear _after_ the program name.
+- If there is no script name in the command line (using {option
+  -e}[rdoc-ref:@-e+Execute+Given+Ruby+Code] or implicit reading from
+  `$stdin`), the custom options must be separated from the other
+  interpreter options with a `--`.
+- The custom option must begin with single hyphen (e.g., `-foo`),
+  not two hyphens (e.g., `--foo`).
+- The name of the global variable is based on the option name:
+  global variable `$foo` for custom option`-foo`.
+- The value of the global variable is the string option argument if given,
+  `true` otherwise.
+
+More than one custom option may be given:
+
+```console
+$ cat t.rb
+p [$foo, $bar]
+$ ruby t.rb
+[nil, nil]
+$ ruby -s t.rb -foo=baz
+["baz", nil]
+$ ruby -s t.rb -foo
+[true, nil]
+$ ruby -s t.rb -foo=baz -bar=bat
+["baz", "bat"]
+```
+
+### `-S`: Search Directories in `ENV['PATH']`
+
+Option `-S` specifies that the Ruby interpreter
+is to search (if necessary) the directories whose paths are in the program's
+`PATH` environment variable;
+the program is executed in the shell's current working directory
+(not necessarily in the directory where the program is found).
+
+This example uses adds path `'tmp/'` to the `PATH` environment variable:
+
+```console
+$ export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
+$ echo "puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)" > /tmp/t.rb
+$ ruby -S t.rb
+ruby
+```
+
+### `-v`: Print Version; Set `$VERBOSE`
+
+Options `-v` prints the Ruby version and sets global variable `$VERBOSE`:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'p $VERBOSE'
+false
+$ ruby -v -e 'p $VERBOSE'
+ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
+true
+```
+
+### `-w`: Synonym for `-W1`
+
+Option `-w` (lowercase letter) is equivalent to option `-W1` (uppercase letter).
+
+### `-W`: Set \Warning Policy
+
+Any Ruby code can create a <i>warning message</i> by calling method Kernel#warn;
+methods in the Ruby core and standard libraries can also create warning messages.
+Such a message may be printed on `$stderr`
+(or not, depending on certain settings).
+
+Option `-W` helps determine whether a particular warning message
+will be written,
+by setting the initial value of global variable `$-W`:
+
+- `-W0`: Sets `$-W` to `0` (silent; no warnings).
+- `-W1`: Sets `$-W` to `1` (moderate verbosity).
+- `-W2`: Sets `$-W` to `2` (high verbosity).
+- `-W`: Same as `-W2` (high verbosity).
+- Option not given: Same as `-W1` (moderate verbosity).
+
+The value of `$-W`, in turn, determines which warning messages (if any)
+are to be printed to `$stdout` (see Kernel#warn):
+
+```console
+$ ruby -W1 -e 'p $foo'
+nil
+$ ruby -W2 -e 'p $foo'
+-e:1: warning: global variable '$foo' not initialized
+nil
+```
+
+Ruby code may also define warnings for certain categories;
+these are the default settings for the defined categories:
+
+```rb
+Warning[:experimental] # => true
+Warning[:deprecated]   # => false
+Warning[:performance]  # => false
+```
+
+They may also be set:
+
+```rb
+Warning[:experimental] = false
+Warning[:deprecated]   = true
+Warning[:performance]  = true
+```
+
+You can suppress a category by prefixing `no-` to the category name:
+
+```console
+$ ruby -W:no-experimental -e 'p IO::Buffer.new'
+#<IO::Buffer>
+```
+
+### `-x`: Execute Ruby Code Found in Text
+
+Option `-x` executes a Ruby program whose code is embedded
+in other, non-code, text:
+
+The ruby code:
+
+- Begins after the first line beginning with `'#!` and containing string `'ruby'`.
+- Ends before any one of:
+
+    - End-of-file.
+    - A line consisting of `'__END__'`,
+    - Character `Ctrl-D` or `Ctrl-Z`.
+
+Example:
+
+```console
+$ cat t.txt
+Leading garbage.
+#!ruby
+puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)
+__END__
+Trailing garbage.
+
+$ ruby -x t.txt
+ruby
+```
+
+The optional argument specifies the directory where the text file
+is to be found;
+the Ruby code is executed in that directory:
+
+```console
+$ cp t.txt /tmp/
+$ ruby -x/tmp t.txt
+tmp
+$
+
+```
+
+If an argument is given, it must immediately follow the option
+(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`).
+
+### `--backtrace-limit`: Set Backtrace Limit
+
+Option `--backtrace-limit` sets a limit on the number of entries
+to be displayed in a backtrace.
+
+See Thread::Backtrace.limit.
+
+### `--copyright`: Print Ruby Copyright
+
+Option `--copyright` prints a copyright message:
+
+```console
+$ ruby --copyright
+ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2024 Yukihiro Matsumoto
+```
+
+### `--debug`: Alias for `-d`
+
+Option `--debug` is an alias for
+[option `-d`][-d].
+
+### `--disable`: Disable Features
+
+Option `--disable` specifies features to be disabled;
+the argument is a comma-separated list of the features to be disabled:
+
+```sh
+ruby --disable=gems,rubyopt t.rb
+```
+
+The supported features:
+
+- `gems`: Rubygems (default: enabled).
+- `did_you_mean`: [`did_you_mean`](https://github.com/ruby/did_you_mean) (default: enabled).
+- `rubyopt`: `RUBYOPT` environment variable (default: enabled).
+- `frozen-string-literal`: Freeze all string literals (default: disabled).
+- `jit`: JIT compiler (default: disabled).
+
+See also [option `--enable`][--enable].
+
+### `--dump`: Dump Items
+
+Option `--dump` specifies items to be dumped;
+the argument is a comma-separated list of the items.
+
+Some of the argument values cause the command to behave as if a different
+option was given:
+
+- `--dump=copyright`:
+  Same as [option `--copyright`][--copyright].
+- `--dump=help`:
+  Same as [option `--help`][--help].
+- `--dump=syntax`:
+  Same as [option `-c`][-c].
+- `--dump=usage`:
+  Same as [option `-h`][-h].
+- `--dump=version`:
+  Same as [option `--version`][--version].
+
+For other argument values and examples,
+see {Option `--dump`}[rdoc-ref:option_dump.md].
+
+### `--enable`: Enable Features
+
+Option `--enable` specifies features to be enabled;
+the argument is a comma-separated list of the features to be enabled.
+
+```sh
+ruby --enable=gems,rubyopt t.rb
+```
+
+For the features,
+see [option `--disable`][--disable].
+
+### `--encoding`: Alias for `-E`.
+
+Option `--encoding` is an alias for
+[option `-E`][-E].
+
+### `--external-encoding`: Set Default External \Encoding
+
+Option `--external-encoding`
+sets the default external encoding for the invoked Ruby program;
+for values of `encoding`,
+see [Encoding: Names and Aliases].
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'puts Encoding::default_external'
+UTF-8
+$ ruby --external-encoding=cesu-8 -e 'puts Encoding::default_external'
+CESU-8
+```
+
+### `--help`: Print Help Message
+
+Option `--help` prints a long help message.
+
+Arguments and additional options are ignored.
+
+For a shorter help message, use option `-h`.
+
+### `--internal-encoding`: Set Default Internal \Encoding
+
+Option `--internal-encoding`
+sets the default internal encoding for the invoked Ruby program;
+for values of `encoding`,
+see [Encoding: Names and Aliases].
+
+```console
+$ ruby -e 'puts Encoding::default_internal.nil?'
+true
+$ ruby --internal-encoding=cesu-8 -e 'puts Encoding::default_internal'
+CESU-8
+```
+
+### `--jit`
+
+Option `--jit` is an alias for option `--yjit`, which enables YJIT;
+see additional YJIT options in the [YJIT documentation](rdoc-ref:jit/yjit.md).
+
+### `--verbose`: Set `$VERBOSE`
+
+Option `--verbose` sets global variable `$VERBOSE` to `true`
+and disables input from `$stdin`.
+
+### `--version`: Print Ruby Version
+
+Option `--version` prints the version of the Ruby interpreter, then exits.
+
+[-0]: rdoc-ref:@-0+Set++Input+Record+Separator
+[-C]: rdoc-ref:@-C+Set+Working+Directory
+[-E]: rdoc-ref:@-E+Set+Default+Encodings
+[-F]: rdoc-ref:@-F+Set+Input+Field+Separator
+[-I]: rdoc-ref:@-I+Add+to+LOADPATH
+[-a]: rdoc-ref:@-a+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields
+[-c]: rdoc-ref:@-c+Check+Syntax
+[-d]: rdoc-ref:@-d+Set+DEBUG+to+true
+[-e]: rdoc-ref:@-e+Execute+Given+Ruby+Code
+[-h]: rdoc-ref:@-h+Print+Short+Help+Message
+[-l]: rdoc-ref:@-l+Set+Output+Record+Separator+Chop+Lines
+[-n]: rdoc-ref:@-n+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop
+[-p]: rdoc-ref:@-p+-n+with+Printing
+[-s]: rdoc-ref:@-s+Define+Global+Variable
+[--copyright]: rdoc-ref:@--copyright+Print+Ruby+Copyright
+[--debug]: rdoc-ref:@--debug+Alias+for+-d
+[--disable]: rdoc-ref:@--disable+Disable+Features
+[--enable]: rdoc-ref:@--enable+Enable+Features
+[--external-encoding]: rdoc-ref:@--external+encoding+Set+Default+External+Encoding
+[--internal-encoding]: rdoc-ref:@--internal+encoding+Set+Default+Internal+Encoding
+[--help]: rdoc-ref:@--help+Print+Help+Message
+[--version]: rdoc-ref:@--version+Print+Ruby+Version
+[Encoding: Names and Aliases]: rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Names+and+Aliases
diff --git a/doc/language/packed_data.md b/doc/language/packed_data.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b133367d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/packed_data.md
@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
+# Packed \Data
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+These tables summarize the directives for packing and unpacking.
+
+### For Integers
+
+| Directive             | Meaning                                                                                             |
+|-----------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `C`                   | 8-bit unsigned (`unsigned char`)                                                                    |
+| `S`                   | 16-bit unsigned, native endian (`uint16_t`)                                                         |
+| `L`                   | 32-bit unsigned, native endian (`uint32_t`)                                                         |
+| `Q`                   | 64-bit unsigned, native endian (`uint64_t`)                                                         |
+| `J`                   | pointer width unsigned, native endian (`uintptr_t`)                                                 |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `c`                   | 8-bit signed (`signed char`)                                                                        |
+| `s`                   | 16-bit signed, native endian (`int16_t`)                                                            |
+| `l`                   | 32-bit signed, native endian (`int32_t`)                                                            |
+| `q`                   | 64-bit signed, native endian (`int64_t`)                                                            |
+| `j`                   | pointer width signed, native endian (`intptr_t`)                                                    |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `S_` `S!`             | `unsigned short`, native endian                                                                     |
+| `I` `I_` `I!`         | `unsigned int`, native endian                                                                       |
+| `L_` `L!`             | `unsigned long`, native endian                                                                      |
+| `Q_` `Q!`             | `unsigned long long`, native endian; (raises ArgumentError if the platform has no `long long` type) |
+| `J!`                  | `uintptr_t`, native endian (same with `J`)                                                          |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `s_` `s!`             | `signed short`, native endian                                                                       |
+| `i` `i_` `i!`         | `signed int`, native endian                                                                         |
+| `l_` `l!`             | `signed long`, native endian                                                                        |
+| `q_` `q!`             | `signed long long`, native endian; (raises ArgumentError if the platform has no `long long` type)   |
+| `j!`                  | `intptr_t`, native endian (same with `j`)                                                           |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `S>` `s>` `S!>` `s!>` | each the same as the directive without `>`, but big endian; `S>` is the same as `n`                 |
+| `L>` `l>` `L!>` `l!>` | `L>` is the same as `N`                                                                             |
+| `I!>` `i!>`           |                                                                                                     |
+| `Q>` `q>` `Q!>` `q!>` |                                                                                                     |
+| `J>` `j>` `J!>` `j!>` |                                                                                                     |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `S<` `s<` `S!<` `s!<` | each the same as the directive without `<`, but little endian; `S<` is the same as `v`              |
+| `L<` `l<` `L!<` `l!<` | `L<` is the same as `V`                                                                             |
+| `I!<` `i!<`           |                                                                                                     |
+| `Q<` `q<` `Q!<` `q!<` |                                                                                                     |
+| `J<` `j<` `J!<` `j!<` |                                                                                                     |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `n`                   | 16-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order                                                    |
+| `N`                   | 32-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order                                                    |
+| `v`                   | 16-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order                                                     |
+| `V`                   | 32-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order                                                     |
+|                       |                                                                                                     |
+| `U`                   | UTF-8 character                                                                                     |
+| `w`                   | BER-compressed integer                                                                              |
+| `R`                   | LEB128 encoded unsigned integer                                                                     |
+| `r`                   | LEB128 encoded signed integer                                                                       |
+
+### For Floats
+
+| Directive | Meaning                                           |
+|-----------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| `D` `d`   | double-precision, native format                   |
+| `F` `f`   | single-precision, native format                   |
+| `E`       | double-precision, little-endian byte order        |
+| `e`       | single-precision, little-endian byte order        |
+| `G`       | double-precision, network (big-endian) byte order |
+| `g`       | single-precision, network (big-endian) byte order |
+
+### For Strings
+
+| Directive | Meaning                                                                                        |
+|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `A`       | arbitrary binary string (remove trailing nulls and ASCII spaces)                               |
+| `a`       | arbitrary binary string                                                                        |
+| `Z`       | null-terminated string                                                                         |
+| `B`       | bit string (MSB first)                                                                         |
+| `b`       | bit string (LSB first)                                                                         |
+| `H`       | hex string (high nibble first)                                                                 |
+| `h`       | hex string (low nibble first)                                                                  |
+| `u`       | UU-encoded string                                                                              |
+| `M`       | quoted-printable, MIME encoding (see RFC2045)                                                  |
+| `m`       | base64 encoded string (RFC 2045) (default) (base64 encoded string (RFC 4648) if followed by 0) |
+| `P`       | pointer to a structure (fixed-length string)                                                   |
+| `p`       | pointer to a null-terminated string                                                            |
+
+### Additional Directives for Packing
+
+| Directive | Meaning                    |
+|-----------|----------------------------|
+| `@`       | moves to absolute position |
+| `X`       | back up a byte             |
+| `x`       | null byte                  |
+
+### Additional Directives for Unpacking
+
+| Directive | Meaning                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `@`       | skip to the offset given by the length argument |
+| `X`       | skip backward one byte                          |
+| `x`       | skip forward one byte                           |
+| `^`       | return the current offset                       |
+
+## Packing and Unpacking
+
+Certain Ruby core methods deal with packing and unpacking data:
+
+- Method Array#pack:
+  Formats each element in array `self` into a binary string;
+  returns that string.
+- Method String#unpack:
+  Extracts data from string `self`,
+  forming objects that become the elements of a new array;
+  returns that array.
+- Method String#unpack1:
+  Does the same, but unpacks and returns only the first extracted object.
+
+Each of these methods accepts a string `template`,
+consisting of zero or more _directive_ characters,
+each followed by zero or more _modifier_ characters.
+
+Examples (directive `'C'` specifies '`unsigned character`'):
+
+```ruby
+[65].pack('C')      # => "A"  # One element, one directive.
+[65, 66].pack('CC') # => "AB" # Two elements, two directives.
+[65, 66].pack('C')  # => "A"  # Extra element is ignored.
+[65].pack('')       # => ""   # No directives.
+[65].pack('CC')               # Extra directive raises ArgumentError.
+```
+
+```ruby
+'A'.unpack('C')   # => [65]      # One character, one directive.
+'AB'.unpack('CC') # => [65, 66]  # Two characters, two directives.
+'AB'.unpack('C')  # => [65]      # Extra character is ignored.
+'A'.unpack('CC')  # => [65, nil] # Extra directive generates nil.
+'AB'.unpack('')   # => []        # No directives.
+```
+
+The string `template` may contain any mixture of valid directives
+(directive `'c'` specifies 'signed character'):
+
+```ruby
+[65, -1].pack('cC')  # => "A\xFF"
+"A\xFF".unpack('cC') # => [65, 255]
+```
+
+The string `template` may contain whitespace (which is ignored)
+and comments, each of which begins with character `'#'`
+and continues up to and including the next following newline:
+
+```ruby
+[0,1].pack("  C  #foo \n  C  ")    # => "\x00\x01"
+"\0\1".unpack("  C  #foo \n  C  ") # => [0, 1]
+```
+
+Any directive may be followed by either of these modifiers:
+
+- `'*'` - The directive is to be applied as many times as needed:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [65, 66].pack('C*') # => "AB"
+    'AB'.unpack('C*')   # => [65, 66]
+    ```
+
+- \Integer `count` - The directive is to be applied `count` times:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [65, 66].pack('C2') # => "AB"
+    [65, 66].pack('C3') # Raises ArgumentError.
+    'AB'.unpack('C2')   # => [65, 66]
+    'AB'.unpack('C3')   # => [65, 66, nil]
+    ```
+
+    Note: Directives in `%w[A a Z m]` use `count` differently;
+    see [\String Directives][rdoc-ref:@String+Directives].
+
+If elements don't fit the provided directive, only least significant bits are encoded:
+
+```ruby
+[257].pack("C").unpack("C") # => [1]
+```
+
+## Packing Method
+
+Method Array#pack accepts optional keyword argument
+`buffer` that specifies the target string (instead of a new string):
+
+```ruby
+[65, 66].pack('C*', buffer: 'foo') # => "fooAB"
+```
+
+The method can accept a block:
+
+```ruby
+# Packed string is passed to the block.
+[65, 66].pack('C*') {|s| p s }    # => "AB"
+```
+
+## Unpacking Methods
+
+Methods String#unpack and String#unpack1 each accept
+an optional keyword argument `offset` that specifies an offset
+into the string:
+
+```ruby
+'ABC'.unpack('C*', offset: 1)  # => [66, 67]
+'ABC'.unpack1('C*', offset: 1) # => 66
+```
+
+Both methods can accept a block:
+
+```ruby
+# Each unpacked object is passed to the block.
+ret = []
+"ABCD".unpack("C*") {|c| ret << c }
+ret # => [65, 66, 67, 68]
+```
+
+```ruby
+# The single unpacked object is passed to the block.
+'AB'.unpack1('C*') {|ele| p ele } # => 65
+```
+
+## \Integer Directives
+
+Each integer directive specifies the packing or unpacking
+for one element in the input or output array.
+
+### 8-Bit \Integer Directives
+
+- `'c'` - 8-bit signed integer
+  (like C `signed char`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    [0, 1, 255].pack('c*')  # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
+    s = [0, 1, -1].pack('c*') # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
+    s.unpack('c*') # => [0, 1, -1]
+    ```
+
+- `'C'` - 8-bit unsigned integer
+  (like C `unsigned char`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    [0, 1, 255].pack('C*')    # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
+    s = [0, 1, -1].pack('C*') # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
+    s.unpack('C*')            # => [0, 1, 255]
+    ```
+
+### 16-Bit \Integer Directives
+
+- `'s'` - 16-bit signed integer, native-endian
+  (like C `int16_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    [513, -514].pack('s*')      # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
+    s = [513, 65022].pack('s*') # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
+    s.unpack('s*')              # => [513, -514]
+    ```
+
+- `'S'` - 16-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
+  (like C `uint16_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    [513, -514].pack('S*')      # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
+    s = [513, 65022].pack('S*') # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
+    s.unpack('S*')              # => [513, 65022]
+    ```
+
+- `'n'` - 16-bit network integer, big-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [0, 1, -1, 32767, -32768, 65535].pack('n*')
+    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x01\xFF\xFF\x7F\xFF\x80\x00\xFF\xFF"
+    s.unpack('n*')
+    # => [0, 1, 65535, 32767, 32768, 65535]
+    ```
+
+- `'v'` - 16-bit VAX integer, little-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [0, 1, -1, 32767, -32768, 65535].pack('v*')
+    # => "\x00\x00\x01\x00\xFF\xFF\xFF\x7F\x00\x80\xFF\xFF"
+    s.unpack('v*')
+    # => [0, 1, 65535, 32767, 32768, 65535]
+    ```
+
+### 32-Bit \Integer Directives
+
+- `'l'` - 32-bit signed integer, native-endian
+  (like C `int32_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('l*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
+    s.unpack('l*')
+    # => [67305985, -50462977]
+    ```
+
+- `'L'` - 32-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
+  (like C `uint32_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, 4244504319].pack('L*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
+    s.unpack('L*')
+    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
+    ```
+
+- `'N'` - 32-bit network integer, big-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [0,1,-1].pack('N*')
+    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
+    s.unpack('N*')
+    # => [0, 1, 4294967295]
+    ```
+
+- `'V'` - 32-bit VAX integer, little-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [0,1,-1].pack('V*')
+    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
+    s.unpack('v*')
+    # => [0, 0, 1, 0, 65535, 65535]
+    ```
+
+### 64-Bit \Integer Directives
+
+- `'q'` - 64-bit signed integer, native-endian
+  (like C `int64_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [578437695752307201, -506097522914230529].pack('q*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\a\b\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFB\xFA\xF9\xF8"
+    s.unpack('q*')
+    # => [578437695752307201, -506097522914230529]
+    ```
+
+- `'Q'` - 64-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
+  (like C `uint64_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [578437695752307201, 17940646550795321087].pack('Q*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\a\b\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFB\xFA\xF9\xF8"
+    s.unpack('Q*')
+    # => [578437695752307201, 17940646550795321087]
+    ```
+
+### Platform-Dependent \Integer Directives
+
+- `'i'` - Platform-dependent width signed integer,
+  native-endian (like C `int`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('i*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
+    s.unpack('i*')
+    # => [67305985, -50462977]
+    ```
+
+- `'I'` - Platform-dependent width unsigned integer,
+  native-endian (like C `unsigned int`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('I*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
+    s.unpack('I*')
+    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
+    ```
+
+- `'j'` - Pointer-width signed integer, native-endian
+  (like C `intptr_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('j*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
+    s.unpack('j*')
+    # => [67305985, -50462977]
+    ```
+
+- `'J'` - Pointer-width unsigned integer, native-endian
+  (like C `uintptr_t`):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [67305985, 4244504319].pack('J*')
+    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    s.unpack('J*')
+    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
+    ```
+
+### Other \Integer Directives
+
+- `'U'` - UTF-8 character:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [4194304].pack('U*')
+    # => "\xF8\x90\x80\x80\x80"
+    s.unpack('U*')
+    # => [4194304]
+    ```
+
+- `'r'` - Signed LEB128-encoded integer
+  (see [Signed LEB128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128#Signed_LEB128))
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [1, 127, -128, 16383, -16384].pack("r*")
+    # => "\x01\xFF\x00\x80\x7F\xFF\xFF\x00\x80\x80\x7F"
+    s.unpack('r*')
+    # => [1, 127, -128, 16383, -16384]
+    ```
+
+- `'R'` - Unsigned LEB128-encoded integer
+  (see [Unsigned LEB128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128#Unsigned_LEB128))
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [1, 127, 128, 16383, 16384].pack("R*")
+    # => "\x01\x7F\x80\x01\xFF\x7F\x80\x80\x01"
+    s.unpack('R*')
+    # => [1, 127, 128, 16383, 16384]
+    ```
+
+- `'w'` - BER-encoded integer
+  (see [BER encoding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#BER_encoding)):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [1073741823].pack('w*')
+    # => "\x83\xFF\xFF\xFF\x7F"
+    s.unpack('w*')
+    # => [1073741823]
+    ```
+
+### Modifiers for \Integer Directives
+
+For the following directives, `'!'` or `'_'` modifiers may be
+suffixed as underlying platform’s native size.
+
+- `'i'`, `'I'` - C `int`, always native size.
+- `'s'`, `'S'` - C `short`.
+- `'l'`, `'L'` - C `long`.
+- `'q'`, `'Q'` - C `long long`, if available.
+- `'j'`, `'J'` - C `intptr_t`, always native size.
+
+Native size modifiers are silently ignored for always native size directives.
+
+The endian modifiers also may be suffixed in the directives above:
+
+- `'>'` - Big-endian.
+- `'<'` - Little-endian.
+
+## \Float Directives
+
+Each float directive specifies the packing or unpacking
+for one element in the input or output array.
+
+### Single-Precision \Float Directives
+
+- `'F'` or `'f'` - Native format:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('F') # => "\x00\x00@@"
+    s.unpack('F')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+- `'e'` - Little-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('e') # => "\x00\x00@@"
+    s.unpack('e')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+- `'g'` - Big-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('g') # => "@@\x00\x00"
+    s.unpack('g')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+### Double-Precision \Float Directives
+
+- `'D'` or `'d'` - Native format:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('D') # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\b@"
+    s.unpack('D')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+- `'E'` - Little-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('E') # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\b@"
+    s.unpack('E')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+- `'G'` - Big-endian:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = [3.0].pack('G') # => "@\b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    s.unpack('G')       # => [3.0]
+    ```
+
+A float directive may be infinity or not-a-number:
+
+```ruby
+inf = 1.0/0.0                  # => Infinity
+[inf].pack('f')                # => "\x00\x00\x80\x7F"
+"\x00\x00\x80\x7F".unpack('f') # => [Infinity]
+
+nan = inf/inf                  # => NaN
+[nan].pack('f')                # => "\x00\x00\xC0\x7F"
+"\x00\x00\xC0\x7F".unpack('f') # => [NaN]
+```
+
+## \String Directives
+
+Each string directive specifies the packing or unpacking
+for one byte in the input or output string.
+
+### Binary \String Directives
+
+- `'A'` - Arbitrary binary string (space padded; count is width);
+  `nil` is treated as the empty string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['foo'].pack('A')    # => "f"
+    ['foo'].pack('A*')   # => "foo"
+    ['foo'].pack('A2')   # => "fo"
+    ['foo'].pack('A4')   # => "foo "
+    [nil].pack('A')      # => " "
+    [nil].pack('A*')     # => ""
+    [nil].pack('A2')     # => "  "
+    [nil].pack('A4')     # => "    "
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "foo\0".unpack('A')      # => ["f"]
+    "foo\0".unpack('A4')     # => ["foo"]
+    "foo\0bar".unpack('A10') # => ["foo\x00bar"] # Reads past "\0".
+    "foo ".unpack('A')       # => ["f"]
+    "foo ".unpack('A4')      # => ["foo"]
+    "foo".unpack('A4')       # => ["foo"]
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    japanese = 'こんにちは'
+    japanese.size         # => 5
+    japanese.bytesize     # => 15
+    [japanese].pack('A')  # => "\xE3"
+    [japanese].pack('A*') # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+    japanese.unpack('A')  # => ["\xE3"]
+    japanese.unpack('A2') # => ["\xE3\x81"]
+    japanese.unpack('A4') # => ["\xE3\x81\x93\xE3"]
+    japanese.unpack('A*') # => ["\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"]
+    ```
+
+- `'a'` - Arbitrary binary string (null padded; count is width):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ["foo"].pack('a')    # => "f"
+    ["foo"].pack('a*')   # => "foo"
+    ["foo"].pack('a2')   # => "fo"
+    ["foo\0"].pack('a4') # => "foo\x00"
+    [nil].pack('a')      # => "\x00"
+    [nil].pack('a*')     # => ""
+    [nil].pack('a2')     # => "\x00\x00"
+    [nil].pack('a4')     # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "foo\0".unpack('a')     # => ["f"]
+    "foo\0".unpack('a4')    # => ["foo\x00"]
+    "foo ".unpack('a4')     # => ["foo "]
+    "foo".unpack('a4')      # => ["foo"]
+    "foo\0bar".unpack('a4') # => ["foo\x00"] # Reads past "\0".
+    ```
+
+- `'Z'` - Same as `'a'`,
+  except that null is added or ignored with `'*'`:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ["foo"].pack('Z*')   # => "foo\x00"
+    [nil].pack('Z*')     # => "\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "foo\0".unpack('Z*')    # => ["foo"]
+    "foo".unpack('Z*')      # => ["foo"]
+    "foo\0bar".unpack('Z*') # => ["foo"] # Does not read past "\0".
+    ```
+
+### Bit \String Directives
+
+- `'B'` - Bit string (high byte first):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['11111111' + '00000000'].pack('B*') # => "\xFF\x00"
+    ['10000000' + '01000000'].pack('B*') # => "\x80@"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['1'].pack('B0') # => ""
+    ['1'].pack('B1') # => "\x80"
+    ['1'].pack('B2') # => "\x80\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('B3') # => "\x80\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('B4') # => "\x80\x00\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('B5') # => "\x80\x00\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('B6') # => "\x80\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\xff\x00".unpack("B*") # => ["1111111100000000"]
+    "\x01\x02".unpack("B*") # => ["0000000100000010"]
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "".unpack("B0")     # => [""]
+    "\x80".unpack("B1") # => ["1"]
+    "\x80".unpack("B2") # => ["10"]
+    "\x80".unpack("B3") # => ["100"]
+    ```
+
+- `'b'` - Bit string (low byte first):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['11111111' + '00000000'].pack('b*') # => "\xFF\x00"
+    ['10000000' + '01000000'].pack('b*') # => "\x01\x02"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['1'].pack('b0') # => ""
+    ['1'].pack('b1') # => "\x01"
+    ['1'].pack('b2') # => "\x01\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('b3') # => "\x01\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('b4') # => "\x01\x00\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('b5') # => "\x01\x00\x00"
+    ['1'].pack('b6') # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\xff\x00".unpack("b*") # => ["1111111100000000"]
+    "\x01\x02".unpack("b*") # => ["1000000001000000"]
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "".unpack("b0")     # => [""]
+    "\x01".unpack("b1") # => ["1"]
+    "\x01".unpack("b2") # => ["10"]
+    "\x01".unpack("b3") # => ["100"]
+    ```
+
+### Hex \String Directives
+
+- `'H'` - Hex string (high nibble first):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['10ef'].pack('H*')    # => "\x10\xEF"
+    ['10ef'].pack('H0')    # => ""
+    ['10ef'].pack('H3')    # => "\x10\xE0"
+    ['10ef'].pack('H5')    # => "\x10\xEF\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['fff'].pack('H3')    # => "\xFF\xF0"
+    ['fff'].pack('H4')    # => "\xFF\xF0"
+    ['fff'].pack('H5')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('H6')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('H7')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('H8')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H*')    # => ["10ef"]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H0')    # => [""]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H1')    # => ["1"]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H2')    # => ["10"]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H3')    # => ["10e"]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H4')    # => ["10ef"]
+    "\x10\xef".unpack('H5')    # => ["10ef"]
+    ```
+
+- `'h'` - Hex string (low nibble first):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['10ef'].pack('h*') # => "\x01\xFE"
+    ['10ef'].pack('h0') # => ""
+    ['10ef'].pack('h3') # => "\x01\x0E"
+    ['10ef'].pack('h5') # => "\x01\xFE\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    ['fff'].pack('h3') # => "\xFF\x0F"
+    ['fff'].pack('h4') # => "\xFF\x0F"
+    ['fff'].pack('h5') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('h6') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('h7') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00\x00"
+    ['fff'].pack('h8') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h*') # => ["10ef"]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h0') # => [""]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h1') # => ["1"]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h2') # => ["10"]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h3') # => ["10e"]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h4') # => ["10ef"]
+    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h5') # => ["10ef"]
+    ```
+
+### Pointer \String Directives
+
+- `'P'` - Pointer to a structure (fixed-length string):
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = ['abc'].pack('P')  # => "\xE0O\x7F\xE5\xA1\x01\x00\x00"
+    s.unpack('P*')         # => ["abc"]
+    ".".unpack("P")        # => []
+    ("\0" * 8).unpack("P") # => [nil]
+    [nil].pack("P")        # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+- `'p'` - Pointer to a null-terminated string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    s = ['abc'].pack('p')  # => "(\xE4u\xE5\xA1\x01\x00\x00"
+    s.unpack('p*')         # => ["abc"]
+    ".".unpack("p")        # => []
+    ("\0" * 8).unpack("p") # => [nil]
+    [nil].pack("p")        # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+### Other \String Directives
+
+- `'M'` - Quoted printable, MIME encoding;
+  text mode, but input must use LF and output LF;
+  (see [RFC 2045](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt)):
+
+    ```ruby
+    ["a b c\td \ne"].pack('M') # => "a b c\td =\n\ne=\n"
+    ["\0"].pack('M')           # => "=00=\n"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    ["a"*1023].pack('M') == ("a"*73+"=\n")*14+"a=\n"     # => true
+    ("a"*73+"=\na=\n").unpack('M') == ["a"*74]           # => true
+    (("a"*73+"=\n")*14+"a=\n").unpack('M') == ["a"*1023] # => true
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "a b c\td =\n\ne=\n".unpack('M')    # => ["a b c\td \ne"]
+    "=00=\n".unpack('M')    # => ["\x00"]
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "pre=31=32=33after".unpack('M') # => ["pre123after"]
+    "pre=\nafter".unpack('M')       # => ["preafter"]
+    "pre=\r\nafter".unpack('M')     # => ["preafter"]
+    "pre=".unpack('M')              # => ["pre="]
+    "pre=\r".unpack('M')            # => ["pre=\r"]
+    "pre=hoge".unpack('M')          # => ["pre=hoge"]
+    "pre==31after".unpack('M')      # => ["pre==31after"]
+    "pre===31after".unpack('M')     # => ["pre===31after"]
+    ```
+
+- `'m'` - Base64 encoded string;
+  count specifies input bytes between each newline,
+  rounded down to nearest multiple of 3;
+  if count is zero, no newlines are added;
+  (see [RFC 4648](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4648.txt)):
+
+    ```ruby
+    [""].pack('m')             # => ""
+    ["\0"].pack('m')           # => "AA==\n"
+    ["\0\0"].pack('m')         # => "AAA=\n"
+    ["\0\0\0"].pack('m')       # => "AAAA\n"
+    ["\377"].pack('m')         # => "/w==\n"
+    ["\377\377"].pack('m')     # => "//8=\n"
+    ["\377\377\377"].pack('m') # => "////\n"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "".unpack('m')       # => [""]
+    "AA==\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00"]
+    "AAA=\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00\x00"]
+    "AAAA\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00\x00\x00"]
+    "/w==\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF"]
+    "//8=\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF\xFF"]
+    "////\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF\xFF\xFF"]
+    "A\n".unpack('m')    # => [""]
+    "AA\n".unpack('m')   # => ["\x00"]
+    "AA=\n".unpack('m')  # => ["\x00"]
+    "AAA\n".unpack('m')  # => ["\x00\x00"]
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    [""].pack('m0')             # => ""
+    ["\0"].pack('m0')           # => "AA=="
+    ["\0\0"].pack('m0')         # => "AAA="
+    ["\0\0\0"].pack('m0')       # => "AAAA"
+    ["\377"].pack('m0')         # => "/w=="
+    ["\377\377"].pack('m0')     # => "//8="
+    ["\377\377\377"].pack('m0') # => "////"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "".unpack('m0')     # => [""]
+    "AA==".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00"]
+    "AAA=".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00\x00"]
+    "AAAA".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00\x00\x00"]
+    "/w==".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF"]
+    "//8=".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF\xFF"]
+    "////".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF\xFF\xFF"]
+    ```
+
+- `'u'` - UU-encoded string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [""].pack("u")        # => ""
+    ["a"].pack("u")       # => "!80``\n"
+    ["aaa"].pack("u")     # => "#86%A\n"
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    "".unpack("u")        # => [""]
+    "#86)C\n".unpack("u") # => ["abc"]
+    ```
+
+## Offset Directives
+
+- `'@'` - Begin packing at the given byte offset;
+  for packing, null fill or shrink if necessary:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [1, 2].pack("C@0C")     # => "\x02"
+    [1, 2].pack("C@1C")     # => "\x01\x02"
+    [1, 2].pack("C@5C")     # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02"
+    [*1..5].pack("CCCC@2C") # => "\x01\x02\x05"
+    ```
+
+    For unpacking, cannot to move to outside the string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\x01\x00\x00\x02".unpack("C@3C") # => [1, 2]
+    "\x00".unpack("@1C")              # => [nil]
+    "\x00".unpack("@2C")              # Raises ArgumentError.
+    ```
+
+- `'X'` - For packing, shrink for the given byte offset:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCXC")    # => "\x00\x02"
+    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCX2C")   # => "\x02"
+    ```
+
+    For unpacking; rewind unpacking position for the given byte offset:
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\x00\x02".unpack("CCXC") # => [0, 2, 2]
+    ```
+
+  Cannot to move to outside the string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCX3C")   # Raises ArgumentError.
+    "\x00\x02".unpack("CX3C") # Raises ArgumentError.
+    ```
+
+- `'x'` - Begin packing at after the given byte offset;
+  for packing, null fill if necessary:
+
+    ```ruby
+    [].pack("x0")                # => ""
+    [].pack("x")                 # => "\x00"
+    [].pack("x8")                # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    ```
+
+    For unpacking, cannot to move to outside the string:
+
+    ```ruby
+    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("CxC") # => [0, 2]
+    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x3C") # => [nil]
+    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x4C") # Raises ArgumentError
+    ```
+
+- `'^'` - Only for unpacking; the current position:
+
+    ```ruby
+    "foo\0\0\0".unpack("Z*^")    # => ["foo", 4]
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/language/ractor.md b/doc/language/ractor.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1592656217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/ractor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,797 @@
+# Ractor - Ruby's Actor-like concurrency abstraction
+
+Ractors are designed to provide parallel execution of Ruby code without thread-safety concerns.
+
+## Summary
+
+### Multiple Ractors in a ruby process
+
+You can create multiple Ractors which can run ruby code in parallel with each other.
+
+* `Ractor.new{ expr }` creates a new Ractor and `expr` can run in parallel with other ractors on a multi-core computer.
+* Ruby processes start with one ractor (called the *main ractor*).
+* If the main ractor terminates, all other ractors receive termination requests, similar to how threads behave.
+* Each Ractor contains one or more `Thread`s.
+  * Threads within the same ractor share a ractor-wide global lock (GVL in MRI terminology), so they can't run in parallel with each other (without releasing the GVL explicitly in C extensions). Threads in different ractors can run in parallel.
+  * The overhead of creating a ractor is slightly above the overhead of creating a thread.
+
+### Limited sharing between Ractors
+
+Ractors don't share all objects, unlike threads which can access any object other than objects stored in another thread's thread-locals.
+
+* Most objects are *unshareable objects*. Unshareable objects can only be used by the ractor that instantiated them, so you don't need to worry about thread-safety issues resulting from using the object concurrently across ractors.
+* Some objects are *shareable objects*. Here is an incomplete list to give you an idea:
+  * `i = 123`: All `Integer`s are shareable.
+  * `s = "str".freeze`: Frozen strings are shareable if they have no instance variables that refer to unshareable objects.
+  * `a = [1, [2], 3].freeze`: `a` is not a shareable object because `a` refers to the unshareable object `[2]` (this Array is not frozen).
+  * `h = {c: Object}.freeze`: `h` is shareable because `Symbol`s and `Class`es are shareable, and the Hash is frozen.
+  * Class/Module objects are always shareable, even if they refer to unshareable objects.
+  * Special shareable objects
+    * Ractor objects themselves are shareable.
+    * And more...
+
+### Communication between Ractors with `Ractor::Port`
+
+Ractors communicate with each other and synchronize their execution by exchanging messages. The `Ractor::Port` class provides this communication mechanism.
+
+```ruby
+port = Ractor::Port.new
+
+Ractor.new port do |port|
+  # Other ractors can send to the port
+  port << 42
+end
+
+port.receive # get a message from the port. Only the ractor that created the Port can receive from it.
+#=> 42
+```
+
+All Ractors have a default port, which `Ractor#send`, `Ractor.receive` (etc) will use.
+
+### Copy & Move semantics when sending objects
+
+To send unshareable objects to another ractor, objects are either copied or moved.
+
+* Copy: deep-copies the object to the other ractor. All unshareable objects will be `Kernel#clone`ed.
+* Move: moves membership to another ractor.
+  * The sending ractor can not access the moved object after it moves.
+  * There is a guarantee that only one ractor can access an unshareable object at once.
+
+### Thread-safety
+
+Ractors help to write thread-safe, concurrent programs. They allow sharing of data only through explicit message passing for
+unshareable objects. Shareable objects are guaranteed to work correctly across ractors, even if the ractors are running in parallel.
+This guarantee, however, only applies across ractors. You still need to use `Mutex`es and other thread-safety tools within a ractor if
+you're using multiple ruby `Thread`s.
+
+  * Most objects are unshareable. You can't create data-races across ractors due to the inability to use these objects across ractors.
+  * Shareable objects are protected by locks (or otherwise don't need to be) so they can be used by more than one ractor at once.
+
+## Creation and termination
+
+### `Ractor.new`
+
+* `Ractor.new { expr }` creates a Ractor.
+
+```ruby
+# Ractor.new with a block creates a new Ractor
+r = Ractor.new do
+  # This block can run in parallel with other ractors
+end
+
+# You can name a Ractor with a `name:` argument.
+r = Ractor.new name: 'my-first-ractor' do
+end
+
+r.name #=> 'my-first-ractor'
+```
+
+### Block isolation
+
+The Ractor executes `expr` in the given block.
+The given block will be isolated from its outer scope. To prevent sharing objects between ractors, outer variables, `self` and other information is isolated from the block.
+
+This isolation occurs at Ractor creation time (when `Ractor.new` is called). If the given block is not able to be isolated because of outer variables or `self`, an error will be raised.
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  a = true
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    a #=> Ractor::IsolationError because this block accesses outer variable `a`.
+  end
+  r.join # wait for ractor to finish
+rescue Ractor::IsolationError
+end
+```
+
+* The `self` of the given block is the `Ractor` object itself.
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  p self.class #=> Ractor
+  self.object_id
+end
+r.value == self.object_id #=> false
+```
+
+Arguments passed to `Ractor.new()` become block parameters for the given block. However, Ruby does not pass the objects themselves, but sends them as messages (see below for details).
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
+  msg #=> 'ok'
+end
+r.value #=> 'ok'
+```
+
+```ruby
+# similar to the last example
+r = Ractor.new do
+  msg = Ractor.receive
+  msg
+end
+r.send 'ok'
+r.value #=> 'ok'
+```
+
+### The execution result of the given block
+
+The return value of the given block becomes an outgoing message (see below for details).
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  'ok'
+end
+r.value #=> `ok`
+```
+
+An error in the given block will be propagated to the consumer of the outgoing message.
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred to the consumer
+end
+
+begin
+  r.value
+rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+  e.cause.class   #=> RuntimeError
+  e.cause.message #=> 'ok'
+  e.ractor        #=> r
+end
+```
+
+## Communication between Ractors
+
+Communication between ractors is achieved by sending and receiving messages. There are two ways to communicate:
+
+* (1) Sending and receiving messages via `Ractor::Port`
+* (2) Using shareable container objects. For example, the Ractor::TVar gem ([ko1/ractor-tvar](https://github.com/ko1/ractor-tvar))
+
+Users can control program execution timing with (1), but should not control with (2) (only perform critical sections).
+
+For sending and receiving messages, these are the fundamental APIs:
+
+* send/receive via `Ractor::Port`.
+    * `Ractor::Port#send(obj)` (`Ractor::Port#<<(obj)` is an alias) sends a message to the port. Ports are connected to an infinite size incoming queue so sending will never block the caller.
+    * `Ractor::Port#receive` dequeues a message from its own incoming queue. If the incoming queue is empty, `Ractor::Port#receive` will block the execution of the current Thread until a message is sent.
+    * `Ractor#send` and `Ractor.receive` use ports (their default port) internally, so are conceptually similar to the above.
+* You can close a `Ractor::Port` by `Ractor::Port#close`. A port can only be closed by the ractor that created it.
+    * If a port is closed, you can't `send` to it. Doing so raises an exception.
+    * When a ractor is terminated, the ractor's ports are automatically closed.
+* You can wait for a ractor's termination and receive its return value with `Ractor#value`. This is similar to `Thread#value`.
+
+There are 3 ways to send an object as a message:
+
+1) Send a reference: sending a shareable object sends only a reference to the object (fast).
+
+2) Copy an object: sending an unshareable object through copying it deeply (can be slow). Note that you can not send an object this way which does not support deep copy. Some `T_DATA` objects (objects whose class is defined in a C extension, such as `StringIO`) are not supported.
+
+3) Move an object: sending an unshareable object across ractors with a membership change. The sending Ractor can not access the moved object after moving it, otherwise an exception will be raised. Implementation note: `T_DATA` objects are not supported.
+
+You can choose between "Copy" and "Move" by the `move:` keyword, `Ractor#send(obj, move: true/false)`. The default is `false` ("Copy"). However, if the object is shareable it will automatically use `move`.
+
+### Wait for multiple Ractors with `Ractor.select`
+
+You can wait for messages on multiple ports at once.
+The return value of `Ractor.select()` is `[port, msg]` where `port` is a ready port and `msg` is the received message.
+
+To make it convenient, `Ractor.select` can also accept ractors. In this case, it waits for their termination.
+The return value of `Ractor.select()` is `[r, msg]` where `r` is a terminated Ractor and `msg` is the value of the ractor's block.
+
+Wait for a single ractor (same as `Ractor#value`):
+
+```ruby
+r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+
+r, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
+r == r1 and obj == 'r1' #=> true
+```
+
+Wait for two ractors:
+
+```ruby
+r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+r2 = Ractor.new{'r2'}
+rs = [r1, r2]
+values = []
+
+while rs.any?
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  rs.delete(r)
+  values << obj
+end
+
+values.sort == ['r1', 'r2'] #=> true
+```
+
+NOTE: Using `Ractor.select()` on a very large number of ractors has the same issue as `select(2)` currently.
+
+### Closing ports
+
+* `Ractor::Port#close` closes the port (similar to `Queue#close`).
+  * `port.send(obj)` will raise an exception when the port is closed.
+  * When the queue connected to the port is empty and port is closed, `Ractor::Port#receive` raises an exception. If the queue is not empty, it dequeues an object without exceptions.
+* When a Ractor terminates, the ports are closed automatically.
+
+Example (try to get a result from closed ractor):
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  'finish'
+end
+r.join # success (wait for the termination)
+r.value # success (will return 'finish')
+
+# The ractor's termination value has already been given to another ractor
+Ractor.new r do |r|
+  r.value #=> Ractor::Error
+end.join
+```
+
+Example (try to send to closed port):
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+end
+
+r.join # wait for termination, closes default port
+
+begin
+  r.send(1)
+rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+  'ok'
+end
+```
+
+### Send a message by copying
+
+`Ractor::Port#send(obj)` copies `obj` deeply if `obj` is an unshareable object.
+
+```ruby
+obj = 'str'.dup
+r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+  # return received msg's object_id
+  msg.object_id
+end
+
+obj.object_id == r.value #=> false
+```
+
+Some objects do not support copying, and raise an exception.
+
+```ruby
+obj = Thread.new{}
+begin
+  Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+    msg
+  end
+rescue TypeError => e
+  e.message #=> #<TypeError: allocator undefined for Thread>
+end
+```
+
+### Send a message by moving
+
+`Ractor::Port#send(obj, move: true)` moves `obj` to the destination Ractor.
+If the source ractor uses the moved object (for example, calls a method like `obj.foo()`), it will raise an error.
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  obj = Ractor.receive
+  obj << ' world'
+end
+
+str = 'hello'.dup
+r.send str, move: true
+# str is now moved, and accessing str from this ractor is prohibited
+modified = r.value #=> 'hello world'
+
+
+begin
+  # Error because it uses moved str.
+  str << ' exception' # raise Ractor::MovedError
+rescue Ractor::MovedError
+  modified #=> 'hello world'
+end
+```
+
+Some objects do not support moving, and an exception will be raised.
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  Ractor.receive
+end
+
+r.send(Thread.new{}, move: true) #=> allocator undefined for Thread (TypeError)
+```
+
+Once an object has been moved, the source object's class is changed to `Ractor::MovedObject`.
+
+### Shareable objects
+
+The following is an inexhaustive list of shareable objects:
+
+* `Integer`, `Float`, `Complex`, `Rational`
+* `Symbol`, frozen `String` objects that don't refer to unshareables, `true`, `false`, `nil`
+* `Regexp` objects, if they have no instance variables or their instance variables refer only to shareables
+* `Class` and `Module` objects
+* `Ractor` and other special objects which deal with synchronization
+
+To make objects shareable, `Ractor.make_shareable(obj)` is provided. It tries to make the object shareable by freezing `obj` and recursively traversing its references to freeze them all. This method accepts the `copy:` keyword (default value is false). `Ractor.make_shareable(obj, copy: true)` tries to make a deep copy of `obj` and make the copied object shareable. `Ractor.make_shareable(copy: false)` has no effect on an already shareable object. If the object cannot be made shareable, a `Ractor::Error` exception will be raised.
+
+## Language changes to limit sharing between Ractors
+
+To isolate unshareable objects across ractors, we introduced additional language semantics for multi-ractor Ruby programs.
+
+Note that when not using ractors, these additional semantics are not needed (100% compatible with Ruby 2).
+
+### Global variables
+
+Only the main Ractor can access global variables.
+
+```ruby
+$gv = 1
+r = Ractor.new do
+  $gv
+end
+
+begin
+  r.join
+rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+  e.cause.message #=> 'can not access global variables from non-main Ractors'
+end
+```
+
+Note that some special global variables, such as `$stdin`, `$stdout` and `$stderr` are local to each ractor. See [[Bug #17268]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17268) for more details.
+
+### Instance variables of shareable objects
+
+Instance variables of classes/modules can be accessed from non-main ractors only if their values are shareable objects.
+
+```ruby
+class C
+  @iv = 1
+end
+
+p Ractor.new do
+  class C
+     @iv
+  end
+end.value #=> 1
+```
+
+Otherwise, only the main Ractor can access instance variables of shareable objects.
+
+```ruby
+class C
+  @iv = [] # unshareable object
+end
+
+Ractor.new do
+  class C
+    begin
+      p @iv
+    rescue Ractor::IsolationError
+      p $!.message
+      #=> "can not get unshareable values from instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors"
+    end
+
+    begin
+      @iv = 42
+    rescue Ractor::IsolationError
+      p $!.message
+      #=> "can not set instance variables of classes/modules by non-main Ractors"
+    end
+  end
+end.join
+```
+
+```ruby
+shared = Ractor.new{}
+shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
+
+r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+  p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
+end
+
+begin
+  r.join
+rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+  e.cause.message #=> can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors (Ractor::IsolationError)
+end
+```
+
+### Class variables
+
+Only the main Ractor can access class variables.
+
+```ruby
+class C
+  @@cv = 'str'
+end
+
+r = Ractor.new do
+  class C
+    p @@cv
+  end
+end
+
+
+begin
+  r.join
+rescue => e
+  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
+end
+```
+
+### Constants
+
+Only the main Ractor can read constants which refer to an unshareable object.
+
+```ruby
+class C
+  CONST = 'str'.dup
+end
+r = Ractor.new do
+  C::CONST
+end
+begin
+  r.join
+rescue => e
+  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
+end
+```
+
+Only the main Ractor can define constants which refer to an unshareable object.
+
+```ruby
+class C
+end
+r = Ractor.new do
+  C::CONST = 'str'.dup
+end
+begin
+  r.join
+rescue => e
+  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
+end
+```
+
+When creating/updating a library to support ractors, constants should only refer to shareable objects if they are to be used by non-main ractors.
+
+```ruby
+TABLE = {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'}
+```
+
+In this case, `TABLE` refers to an unshareable Hash object. In order for other ractors to use `TABLE`, we need to make it shareable. We can use `Ractor.make_shareable()` like so:
+
+```ruby
+TABLE = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'} )
+```
+
+To make it easy, Ruby 3.0 introduced a new `shareable_constant_value` file directive.
+
+```ruby
+# shareable_constant_value: literal
+
+TABLE = {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'}
+#=> Same as: TABLE = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'} )
+```
+
+The `shareable_constant_value` directive accepts the following modes (descriptions use the example: `CONST = expr`):
+
+* none: Do nothing. Same as: `CONST = expr`
+* literal:
+  * if `expr` consists of literals, replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr)`.
+  * otherwise: replaced to `CONST = expr.tap{|o| raise unless Ractor.shareable?(o)}`.
+* experimental_everything: replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr)`.
+* experimental_copy: replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr, copy: true)`.
+
+Except for the `none` mode (default), it is guaranteed that these constants refer only to shareable objects.
+
+See [syntax/comments.rdoc](../syntax/comments.rdoc) for more details.
+
+### Shareable procs
+
+Procs and lambdas are unshareable objects, even when they are frozen. To create an unshareable Proc, you must use `Ractor.shareable_proc { expr }`. Much like during Ractor creation, the proc's block is isolated from its outer environment, so it cannot access variables from the outside scope. `self` is also changed within the Proc to be `nil` by default, although a `self:` keyword can be provided if you want to customize the value to a different shareable object.
+
+```ruby
+p = Ractor.shareable_proc { p self }
+p.call #=> nil
+```
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  a = 1
+  pr = Ractor.shareable_proc { p a }
+  pr.call # never gets here
+rescue Ractor::IsolationError
+end
+```
+
+In order to dynamically define a method with `Module#define_method` that can be used from different ractors, you must define it with a shareable proc. Alternatively, you can use `Module#class_eval` or `Module#module_eval` with a String. Even though the shareable proc's `self` is initially bound to `nil`, `define_method` will bind `self` to the correct value in the method.
+
+```ruby
+class A
+  define_method :testing, &Ractor.shareable_proc do
+    p self
+  end
+end
+Ractor.new do
+  a = A.new
+  a.testing #=> #<A:0x0000000101acfe10>
+end.join
+```
+
+This isolation must be done to prevent the method from accessing and assigning captured outer variables across ractors.
+
+### Ractor-local storage
+
+You can store any object (even unshareables) in ractor-local storage.
+
+```ruby
+r = Ractor.new do
+  values = []
+  Ractor[:threads] = []
+  3.times do |i|
+    Ractor[:threads] << Thread.new do
+      values << [Ractor.receive, i+1] # Ractor.receive blocks the current thread in the current ractor until it receives a message
+    end
+  end
+  Ractor[:threads].each(&:join)
+  values
+end
+
+r << 1
+r << 2
+r << 3
+r.value #=> [[1,1],[2,2],[3,3]] (the order can change with each run)
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Traditional Ring example in Actor-model
+
+```ruby
+RN = 1_000
+CR = Ractor.current
+
+r = Ractor.new do
+  p Ractor.receive
+  CR << :fin
+end
+
+RN.times{
+  r = Ractor.new r do |next_r|
+    next_r << Ractor.receive
+  end
+}
+
+p :setup_ok
+r << 1
+p Ractor.receive
+```
+
+### Fork-join
+
+```ruby
+def fib n
+  if n < 2
+    1
+  else
+    fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
+  end
+end
+
+RN = 10
+rs = (1..RN).map do |i|
+  Ractor.new i do |i|
+    [i, fib(i)]
+  end
+end
+
+until rs.empty?
+  r, v = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  rs.delete r
+  p answer: v
+end
+```
+
+### Worker pool
+
+(1) One ractor has a pool
+
+```ruby
+require 'prime'
+
+N = 1000
+RN = 10
+
+# make RN workers
+workers = (1..RN).map do
+  Ractor.new do |; result_port|
+    loop do
+      n, result_port = Ractor.receive
+      result_port << [n, n.prime?, Ractor.current]
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+result_port = Ractor::Port.new
+results = []
+
+(1..N).each do |i|
+  if workers.empty?
+    # receive a result
+    n, result, w = result_port.receive
+    results << [n, result]
+  else
+    w = workers.pop
+  end
+
+  # send a task to the idle worker ractor
+  w << [i, result_port]
+end
+
+# receive a result
+while results.size != N
+  n, result, _w = result_port.receive
+  results << [n, result]
+end
+
+pp results.sort_by{|n, result| n}
+```
+
+### Pipeline
+
+```ruby
+# pipeline with send/receive
+
+r3 = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |cr|
+  cr.send Ractor.receive + 'r3'
+end
+
+r2 = Ractor.new r3 do |r3|
+  r3.send Ractor.receive + 'r2'
+end
+
+r1 = Ractor.new r2 do |r2|
+  r2.send Ractor.receive + 'r1'
+end
+
+r1 << 'r0'
+p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r1r2r3"
+```
+
+### Supervise
+
+```ruby
+# ring example again
+
+r = Ractor.current
+(1..10).map{|i|
+  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
+    r.send Ractor.receive + "r#{i}"
+  end
+}
+
+r.send "r0"
+p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
+```
+
+```ruby
+# ring example with an error
+
+r = Ractor.current
+rs = (1..10).map{|i|
+  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
+    loop do
+      msg = Ractor.receive
+      raise if /e/ =~ msg
+      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
+    end
+  end
+}
+
+r.send "r0"
+p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
+r.send "r0"
+p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current) #=> [:receive, "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
+r.send "e0"
+p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
+#=>
+# <Thread:0x000056262de28bd8 run> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
+# Traceback (most recent call last):
+#         2: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
+#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `loop'
+# /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <main>': unhandled exception
+# Traceback (most recent call last):
+#         2: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
+#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `loop'
+# /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <main>': unhandled exception
+#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:21:in `<main>'
+# <internal:ractor>:69:in `select': thrown by remote Ractor. (Ractor::RemoteError)
+```
+
+```ruby
+# resend non-error message
+
+r = Ractor.current
+rs = (1..10).map{|i|
+  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
+    loop do
+      msg = Ractor.receive
+      raise if /e/ =~ msg
+      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
+    end
+  end
+}
+
+r.send "r0"
+p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
+r.send "r0"
+p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
+[:receive, "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
+msg = 'e0'
+begin
+  r.send msg
+  p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
+rescue Ractor::RemoteError
+  msg = 'r0'
+  retry
+end
+
+#=> <internal:ractor>:100:in `send': The incoming-port is already closed (Ractor::ClosedError)
+# because r == r[-1] is terminated.
+```
+
+```ruby
+# ring example with supervisor and re-start
+
+def make_ractor r, i
+  Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
+    loop do
+      msg = Ractor.receive
+      raise if /e/ =~ msg
+      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+r = Ractor.current
+rs = (1..10).map{|i|
+  r = make_ractor(r, i)
+}
+
+msg = 'e0' # error causing message
+begin
+  r.send msg
+  p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
+rescue Ractor::RemoteError
+  r = rs[-1] = make_ractor(rs[-2], rs.size-1)
+  msg = 'x0'
+  retry
+end
+
+#=> [:receive, "x0r9r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
+```
diff --git a/doc/regexp/methods.rdoc b/doc/language/regexp/methods.rdoc
index 356156ac9a..356156ac9a 100644
--- a/doc/regexp/methods.rdoc
+++ b/doc/language/regexp/methods.rdoc
diff --git a/doc/language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc b/doc/language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94080f7199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+== \Regexps Based on Unicode Properties
+
+The properties shown here are those currently supported in Ruby.
+Older versions may not support all of these.
+
+=== POSIX brackets
+
+- <tt>\p{ASCII}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Alnum}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Alpha}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Blank}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cntrl}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Digit}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Graph}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lower}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Print}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Punct}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Space}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Upper}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Word}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{XDigit}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{XPosixPunct}</tt>
+
+=== Special
+
+- <tt>\p{Any}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Assigned}</tt>
+
+=== Major and General Categories
+
+- <tt>\p{Cased_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{LC}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Close_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pe}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Connector_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Currency_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Dash_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Decimal_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Enclosing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Me}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Final_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pf}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Format}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cf}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Initial_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{L}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Letter_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nl}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Line_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zl}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lowercase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ll}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{M}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Math_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Modifier_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Modifier_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sk}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nonspacing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{N}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Open_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ps}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other}</tt>, <tt>\p{C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{No}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Po}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{So}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Paragraph_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zp}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Private_Use}</tt>, <tt>\p{Co}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{P}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Z}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Space_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Spacing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Surrogate}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{S}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Titlecase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Unassigned}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Uppercase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lu}</tt>
+
+=== Prop List
+
+- <tt>\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}</tt>, <tt>\p{AHex}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bidi_Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bidi_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Dash}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Deprecated}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dep}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Diacritic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dia}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Extender}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ext}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hex_Digit}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hex}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hyphen}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{IDS_Binary_Operator}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDSB}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{IDS_Trinary_Operator}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDST}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{IDS_Unary_Operator}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDSU}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{ID_Compat_Math_Continue}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{ID_Compat_Math_Start}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ideographic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ideo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Join_Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Join_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Logical_Order_Exception}</tt>, <tt>\p{LOE}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Modifier_Combining_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{MCM}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Noncharacter_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{NChar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{OAlpha}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{ODI}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Grapheme_Extend}</tt>, <tt>\p{OGr_Ext}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_ID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{OIDC}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_ID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{OIDS}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{OLower}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Math}</tt>, <tt>\p{OMath}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Other_Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{OUpper}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Pattern_Syntax}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pat_Syn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Pattern_White_Space}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pat_WS}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Prepended_Concatenation_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{PCM}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Quotation_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{QMark}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Radical}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Regional_Indicator}</tt>, <tt>\p{RI}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sentence_Terminal}</tt>, <tt>\p{STerm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Soft_Dotted}</tt>, <tt>\p{SD}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Terminal_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Term}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Unified_Ideograph}</tt>, <tt>\p{UIdeo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Variation_Selector}</tt>, <tt>\p{VS}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{White_Space}</tt>, <tt>\p{WSpace}</tt>
+
+=== Derived Core Properties
+
+- <tt>\p{Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Alpha}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Case_Ignorable}</tt>, <tt>\p{CI}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cased}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Casefolded}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWCF}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Casemapped}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWCM}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Lowercased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWL}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Titlecased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWT}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Uppercased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWU}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Default_Ignorable_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{DI}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Base}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Base}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Extend}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Ext}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Link}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Link}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{ID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDC}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{ID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDS}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{InCB_Consonant}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{InCB_Extend}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{InCB_Linker}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lower}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Math}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Upper}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{XID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{XIDC}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{XID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{XIDS}</tt>
+
+=== Scripts
+
+- <tt>\p{Adlam}</tt>, <tt>\p{Adlm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ahom}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Anatolian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hluw}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Arabic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Arab}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Armenian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Armn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Avestan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Avst}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Balinese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bali}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bamum}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bamu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bassa_Vah}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bass}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Batak}</tt>, <tt>\p{Batk}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bengali}</tt>, <tt>\p{Beng}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Beria_Erfe}</tt>, <tt>\p{Berf}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bhaiksuki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bhks}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Bopomofo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bopo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Brahmi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Brah}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Braille}</tt>, <tt>\p{Brai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Buginese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bugi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Buhid}</tt>, <tt>\p{Buhd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Canadian_Aboriginal}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cans}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Carian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cari}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Caucasian_Albanian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Aghb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Chakma}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cakm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cham}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cherokee}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cher}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Chorasmian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Chrs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Common}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zyyy}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Coptic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Copt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cuneiform}</tt>, <tt>\p{Xsux}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cypriot}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cprt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cypro_Minoan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cpmn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Cyrillic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cyrl}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Deseret}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dsrt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Devanagari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Deva}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Dives_Akuru}</tt>, <tt>\p{Diak}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Dogra}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dogr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Duployan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dupl}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Egyptian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Egyp}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Elbasan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Elba}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Elymaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Elym}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ethiopic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ethi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Garay}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gara}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Georgian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Geor}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Glagolitic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Glag}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Gothic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Goth}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grantha}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gran}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Greek}</tt>, <tt>\p{Grek}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Gujarati}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gujr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Gunjala_Gondi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gong}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Gurmukhi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Guru}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Gurung_Khema}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gukh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Han}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hani}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hangul}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hang}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hanifi_Rohingya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Rohg}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hanunoo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hano}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hatran}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hatr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hebrew}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hebr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Hiragana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hira}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Imperial_Aramaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Armi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Inherited}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zinh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Inscriptional_Pahlavi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phli}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Inscriptional_Parthian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Prti}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Javanese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Java}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kaithi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kthi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kannada}</tt>, <tt>\p{Knda}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Katakana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kana}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kawi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kayah_Li}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kali}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kharoshthi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Khitan_Small_Script}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kits}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Khmer}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khmr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Khojki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khoj}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Khudawadi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sind}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Kirat_Rai}</tt>, <tt>\p{Krai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lao}</tt>, <tt>\p{Laoo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Latin}</tt>, <tt>\p{Latn}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lepcha}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lepc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Limbu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Limb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Linear_A}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lina}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Linear_B}</tt>, <tt>\p{Linb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lisu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lycian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lyci}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Lydian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lydi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mahajani}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mahj}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Makasar}</tt>, <tt>\p{Maka}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Malayalam}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mlym}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mandaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mand}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Manichaean}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mani}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Marchen}</tt>, <tt>\p{Marc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Masaram_Gondi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gonm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Medefaidrin}</tt>, <tt>\p{Medf}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Meetei_Mayek}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mtei}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mende_Kikakui}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mend}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Meroitic_Cursive}</tt>, <tt>\p{Merc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Meroitic_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mero}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Miao}</tt>, <tt>\p{Plrd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Modi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mongolian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mong}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Mro}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mroo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Multani}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mult}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Myanmar}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mymr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nabataean}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nbat}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nag_Mundari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nagm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nandinagari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nand}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{New_Tai_Lue}</tt>, <tt>\p{Talu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Newa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nko}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nkoo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nushu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nshu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hmnp}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ogham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ogam}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ol_Chiki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Olck}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ol_Onal}</tt>, <tt>\p{Onao}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Hungarian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hung}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Italic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ital}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_North_Arabian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Narb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Permic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Perm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Persian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Xpeo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Sogdian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sogo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_South_Arabian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sarb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Turkic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Orkh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Old_Uyghur}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ougr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Oriya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Orya}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Osage}</tt>, <tt>\p{Osge}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Osmanya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Osma}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Pahawh_Hmong}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hmng}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Palmyrene}</tt>, <tt>\p{Palm}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Pau_Cin_Hau}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pauc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Phags_Pa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phag}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Phoenician}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phnx}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Psalter_Pahlavi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phlp}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Rejang}</tt>, <tt>\p{Rjng}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Runic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Runr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Samaritan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Samr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Saurashtra}</tt>, <tt>\p{Saur}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sharada}</tt>, <tt>\p{Shrd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Shavian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Shaw}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Siddham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sidd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sidetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sidt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{SignWriting}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sgnw}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sinhala}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sinh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sogdian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sogd}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sora_Sompeng}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sora}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Soyombo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Soyo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sundanese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sund}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Sunuwar}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sunu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Syloti_Nagri}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sylo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Syriac}</tt>, <tt>\p{Syrc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tagalog}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tglg}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tagbanwa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tagb}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tai_Le}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tale}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tai_Tham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lana}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tai_Viet}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tavt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tai_Yo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tayo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Takri}</tt>, <tt>\p{Takr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tamil}</tt>, <tt>\p{Taml}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tangsa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tnsa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tangut}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tang}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Telugu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Telu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Thaana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Thaa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Thai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tibetan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tibt}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tifinagh}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tfng}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tirhuta}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tirh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Todhri}</tt>, <tt>\p{Todr}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tolong_Siki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Toto}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Tulu_Tigalari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tutg}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Ugaritic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ugar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Unknown}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zzzz}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Vai}</tt>, <tt>\p{Vaii}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Vithkuqi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Vith}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Wancho}</tt>, <tt>\p{Wcho}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Warang_Citi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Wara}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Yezidi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Yezi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Yi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Yiii}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Zanabazar_Square}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zanb}</tt>
+
+=== Blocks
+
+- <tt>\p{In_Adlam}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Aegean_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ahom}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Alchemical_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Armenian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Arrows}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Avestan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Balinese}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bamum}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bamum_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Basic_Latin}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bassa_Vah}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Batak}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bengali}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Beria_Erfe}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bhaiksuki}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Block_Elements}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bopomofo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Bopomofo_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Box_Drawing}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Brahmi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Braille_Patterns}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Buginese}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Buhid}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Strokes}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_J}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Carian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Caucasian_Albanian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Chakma}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cham}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cherokee}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cherokee_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Chess_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Chorasmian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Half_Marks}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Control_Pictures}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Coptic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Counting_Rod_Numerals}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cuneiform}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Currency_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cypriot_Syllabary}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cypro_Minoan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_D}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Deseret}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Dingbats}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Dives_Akuru}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Dogra}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Domino_Tiles}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Duployan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Elbasan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Elymaic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Emoticons}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Garay}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_General_Punctuation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Geometric_Shapes}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Georgian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Georgian_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Georgian_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Glagolitic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Glagolitic_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Gothic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Grantha}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Greek_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Greek_and_Coptic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Gujarati}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Gunjala_Gondi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Gurmukhi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Gurung_Khema}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Syllables}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hanifi_Rohingya}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hanunoo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hatran}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hebrew}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_High_Surrogates}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Hiragana}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_IPA_Extensions}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ideographic_Description_Characters}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Imperial_Aramaic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Inscriptional_Parthian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Javanese}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kaithi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kaktovik_Numerals}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kanbun}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kangxi_Radicals}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kannada}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Katakana}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kawi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kayah_Li}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kharoshthi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Khitan_Small_Script}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Khmer}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Khmer_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Khojki}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Khudawadi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Kirat_Rai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lao}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_1_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_Additional}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_D}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_E}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_F}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_G}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lepcha}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Letterlike_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Limbu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Linear_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Linear_B_Ideograms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Linear_B_Syllabary}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lisu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lisu_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Low_Surrogates}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lycian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Lydian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mahajani}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mahjong_Tiles}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Makasar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Malayalam}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mandaic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Manichaean}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Marchen}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Masaram_Gondi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mathematical_Operators}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mayan_Numerals}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Medefaidrin}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Meetei_Mayek}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mende_Kikakui}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Meroitic_Cursive}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miao}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Technical}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Modi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Modifier_Tone_Letters}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mongolian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mongolian_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Mro}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Multani}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Musical_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar_Extended_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar_Extended_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_NKo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Nabataean}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Nag_Mundari}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Nandinagari}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_New_Tai_Lue}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Newa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_No_Block}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Number_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Nushu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ogham}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ol_Chiki}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ol_Onal}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Hungarian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Italic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_North_Arabian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Permic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Persian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Sogdian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_South_Arabian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Turkic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Old_Uyghur}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Optical_Character_Recognition}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Oriya}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ornamental_Dingbats}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Osage}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Osmanya}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Pahawh_Hmong}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Palmyrene}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Pau_Cin_Hau}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Phags_pa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Phaistos_Disc}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Phoenician}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Phonetic_Extensions}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Playing_Cards}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Private_Use_Area}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Psalter_Pahlavi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Rejang}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Runic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Samaritan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Saurashtra}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sharada}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sharada_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Shavian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Shorthand_Format_Controls}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Siddham}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sidetic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sinhala}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Small_Form_Variants}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Small_Kana_Extension}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sogdian}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sora_Sompeng}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Soyombo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Specials}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sundanese}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sundanese_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sunuwar}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_C}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Punctuation}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Sutton_SignWriting}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Syloti_Nagri}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Syriac}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Syriac_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tagalog}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tagbanwa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tags}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Le}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Tham}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Viet}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Yo}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Takri}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tamil}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tamil_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tangsa}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tangut}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tangut_Components}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tangut_Components_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tangut_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Telugu}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Thaana}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Thai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tibetan}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tifinagh}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tirhuta}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Todhri}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tolong_Siki}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Toto}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Tulu_Tigalari}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Ugaritic}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Vai}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Variation_Selectors}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Vedic_Extensions}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Vertical_Forms}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Vithkuqi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Wancho}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Warang_Citi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Yezidi}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Yi_Radicals}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Yi_Syllables}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Zanabazar_Square}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation}</tt>
+
+=== Emoji
+
+- <tt>\p{Emoji}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Emoji_Component}</tt>, <tt>\p{EComp}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Emoji_Modifier}</tt>, <tt>\p{EMod}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}</tt>, <tt>\p{EBase}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Emoji_Presentation}</tt>, <tt>\p{EPres}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Extended_Pictographic}</tt>, <tt>\p{ExtPict}</tt>
+
+=== Graphemes
+
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ}</tt>
+
+=== Derived Ages
+
+- <tt>\p{Age_10_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_11_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_12_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_12_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_13_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_14_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_15_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_15_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_16_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_17_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_1_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_2_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_2_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_3_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_3_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_3_2}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_4_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_4_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_5_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_5_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_5_2}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_6_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_6_1}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_6_2}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_6_3}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_7_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_8_0}</tt>
+- <tt>\p{Age_9_0}</tt>
diff --git a/doc/language/signals.rdoc b/doc/language/signals.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82dab81c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/signals.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+= Caveats for implementing Signal.trap callbacks
+
+As with implementing signal handlers in C or most other languages,
+all code passed to Signal.trap must be reentrant.  If you are not
+familiar with reentrancy, you need to read up on it at
+{Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrancy_(computing)] or
+elsewhere before reading the rest of this document.
+
+Most importantly, "thread-safety" does not guarantee reentrancy;
+and methods such as Mutex#lock and Mutex#synchronize which are
+commonly used for thread-safety even prevent reentrancy.
+
+== An implementation detail of the Ruby VM
+
+The Ruby VM defers Signal.trap callbacks from running until it is safe
+for its internal data structures, but it does not know when it is safe
+for data structures in YOUR code.  Ruby implements deferred signal
+handling by registering short C functions with only
+{async-signal-safe functions}[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html] as
+signal handlers.  These short C functions only do enough to tell the VM to
+run callbacks registered via Signal.trap later in the main Ruby Thread.
+
+== Unsafe methods to call in Signal.trap blocks
+
+When in doubt, consider anything not listed as safe below as being
+unsafe.
+
+* Mutex#lock, Mutex#synchronize and any code using them are explicitly
+  unsafe.  This includes Monitor in the standard library which uses
+  Mutex to provide reentrancy.
+
+* Dir.chdir with block
+
+* any IO write operations when IO#sync is false;
+  including IO#write, IO#write_nonblock, IO#puts.
+  Pipes and sockets default to `IO#sync = true', so it is safe to
+  write to them unless IO#sync was disabled.
+
+* File#flock, as the underlying flock(2) call is not specified by POSIX
+
+== Commonly safe operations inside Signal.trap blocks
+
+* Assignment and retrieval of local, instance, and class variables
+
+* Most object allocations and initializations of common types
+  including Array, Hash, String, Struct, Time.
+
+* Common Array, Hash, String, Struct operations which do not execute a block
+  are generally safe; but beware if iteration is occurring elsewhere.
+
+* Hash#[], Hash#[]= (unless Hash.new was given an unsafe block)
+
+* Thread::Queue#push and Thread::SizedQueue#push (since Ruby 2.1)
+
+* Creating a new Thread via Thread.new/Thread.start can used to get
+  around the unusability of Mutexes inside a signal handler
+
+* Signal.trap is safe to use inside blocks passed to Signal.trap
+
+* arithmetic on Integer and Float (`+', `-', '%', '*', '/')
+
+  Additionally, signal handlers do not run between two successive
+  local variable accesses, so shortcuts such as `+=' and `-=' will
+  not trigger a data race when used on Integer and Float classes in
+  signal handlers.
+
+== System call wrapper methods which are safe inside Signal.trap
+
+Since Ruby has wrappers around many
+{async-signal-safe C functions}[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html]
+the corresponding wrappers for many IO, File, Dir, and Socket methods
+are safe.
+
+(Incomplete list)
+
+* Dir.chdir (without block arg)
+* Dir.mkdir
+* Dir.open
+* File#truncate
+* File.link
+* File.open
+* File.readlink
+* File.rename
+* File.stat
+* File.symlink
+* File.truncate
+* File.unlink
+* File.utime
+* IO#close
+* IO#dup
+* IO#fsync
+* IO#read
+* IO#read_nonblock
+* IO#stat
+* IO#sysread
+* IO#syswrite
+* IO.select
+* IO.pipe
+* Process.clock_gettime
+* Process.exit!
+* Process.fork
+* Process.kill
+* Process.pid
+* Process.ppid
+* Process.waitpid
+...
diff --git a/doc/language/strftime_formatting.rdoc b/doc/language/strftime_formatting.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bfa6b975e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/language/strftime_formatting.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+= Formats for Dates and Times
+
+Several Ruby time-related classes have instance method +strftime+,
+which returns a formatted string representing all or part of a date or time:
+
+- Date#strftime.
+- DateTime#strftime.
+- Time#strftime.
+
+Each of these methods takes optional argument +format+,
+which has zero or more embedded _format_ _specifications_ (see below).
+
+Each of these methods returns the string resulting from replacing each
+format specification embedded in +format+ with a string form
+of one or more parts of the date or time.
+
+A simple example:
+
+  Time.now.strftime('%H:%M:%S') # => "14:02:07"
+
+A format specification has the form:
+
+  %[flags][width]conversion
+
+It consists of:
+
+- A leading percent character.
+- Zero or more _flags_ (each is a character).
+- An optional _width_ _specifier_ (an integer).
+- A _conversion_ _specifier_ (a character).
+
+Except for the leading percent character,
+the only required part is the conversion specifier, so we begin with that.
+
+== Conversion Specifiers
+
+=== \Date (Year, Month, Day)
+
+- <tt>%Y</tt> - Year including century, zero-padded:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%Y')        # => "2022"
+    Time.new(-1000).strftime('%Y') # => "-1000" # Before common era.
+    Time.new(10000).strftime('%Y') # => "10000" # Far future.
+    Time.new(10).strftime('%Y')    # => "0010"  # Zero-padded by default.
+
+- <tt>%y</tt> - Year without century, in range (0.99), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%y')    # => "22"
+    Time.new(1).strftime('%y') # => "01" # Zero-padded by default.
+
+- <tt>%C</tt> - Century, zero-padded:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%C')        # => "20"
+    Time.new(-1000).strftime('%C') # => "-10" # Before common era.
+    Time.new(10000).strftime('%C') # => "100" # Far future.
+    Time.new(100).strftime('%C')   # => "01"  # Zero-padded by default.
+
+- <tt>%m</tt> - Month of the year, in range (1..12), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%m')  # => "01" # Zero-padded by default.
+    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%m') # => "12"
+
+- <tt>%B</tt> - Full month name, capitalized:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%B')  # => "January"
+    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%B') # => "December"
+
+- <tt>%b</tt> - Abbreviated month name, capitalized:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%b')  # => "Jan"
+    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%h') # => "Dec"
+
+- <tt>%h</tt> - Same as <tt>%b</tt>.
+
+- <tt>%d</tt> - Day of the month, in range (1..31), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%d')  # => "01"
+    Time.new(2002, 1, 31).strftime('%d') # => "31"
+
+- <tt>%e</tt> - Day of the month, in range (1..31), blank-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%e')  # => " 1"
+    Time.new(2002, 1, 31).strftime('%e') # => "31"
+
+- <tt>%j</tt> - Day of the year, in range (1..366), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%j')   # => "001"
+    Time.new(2002, 12, 31).strftime('%j') # => "365"
+
+=== \Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond)
+
+- <tt>%H</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (0..23), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H')  # => "01"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H') # => "13"
+
+- <tt>%k</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (0..23), blank-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%k')  # => " 1"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%k') # => "13"
+
+- <tt>%I</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (1..12), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%I')  # => "01"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%I') # => "01"
+
+- <tt>%l</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (1..12), blank-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%l')  # => " 1"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%l') # => " 1"
+
+- <tt>%P</tt> - Meridian indicator, lowercase:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%P')  # => "am"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%P') # => "pm"
+
+- <tt>%p</tt> - Meridian indicator, uppercase:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%p')  # => "AM"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%p') # => "PM"
+
+- <tt>%M</tt> - Minute of the hour, in range (0..59), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0).strftime('%M') # => "00"
+
+- <tt>%S</tt> - Second of the minute in range (0..59), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).strftime('%S') # => "00"
+
+- <tt>%L</tt> - Millisecond of the second, in range (0..999), zero-padded:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).strftime('%L') # => "000"
+
+- <tt>%N</tt> - Fractional seconds, default width is 9 digits (nanoseconds):
+
+    t = Time.now       # => 2022-06-29 07:10:20.3230914 -0500
+    t.strftime('%N')   # => "323091400"                  # Default.
+
+  Use {width specifiers}[rdoc-ref:@Width+Specifiers]
+  to adjust units:
+
+      t.strftime('%3N')  # => "323"                      # Milliseconds.
+      t.strftime('%6N')  # => "323091"                   # Microseconds.
+      t.strftime('%9N')  # => "323091400"                # Nanoseconds.
+      t.strftime('%12N') # => "323091400000"             # Picoseconds.
+      t.strftime('%15N') # => "323091400000000"          # Femptoseconds.
+      t.strftime('%18N') # => "323091400000000000"       # Attoseconds.
+      t.strftime('%21N') # => "323091400000000000000"    # Zeptoseconds.
+      t.strftime('%24N') # => "323091400000000000000000" # Yoctoseconds.
+
+- <tt>%s</tt> - Number of seconds since the epoch:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%s') # => "1656505136"
+
+=== Timezone
+
+- <tt>%z</tt> - Timezone as hour and minute offset from UTC:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%z') # => "-0500"
+
+- <tt>%Z</tt> - Timezone name (platform-dependent):
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%Z') # => "Central Daylight Time"
+
+=== Weekday
+
+- <tt>%A</tt> - Full weekday name:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%A') # => "Wednesday"
+
+- <tt>%a</tt> - Abbreviated weekday name:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%a') # => "Wed"
+
+- <tt>%u</tt> - Day of the week, in range (1..7), Monday is 1:
+
+    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
+    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
+    t.strftime('%u')          # => "7"
+
+- <tt>%w</tt> - Day of the week, in range (0..6), Sunday is 0:
+
+    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
+    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
+    t.strftime('%w')          # => "0"
+
+=== Week Number
+
+- <tt>%U</tt> - Week number of the year, in range (0..53), zero-padded,
+  where each week begins on a Sunday:
+
+    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
+    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
+    t.strftime('%U')          # => "26"
+
+- <tt>%W</tt> - Week number of the year, in range (0..53), zero-padded,
+  where each week begins on a Monday:
+
+    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
+    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
+    t.strftime('%W')          # => "25"
+
+=== Week Dates
+
+See {ISO 8601 week dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates].
+
+    t0 = Time.new(2023, 1, 1) # => 2023-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
+    t1 = Time.new(2024, 1, 1) # => 2024-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
+
+- <tt>%G</tt> - Week-based year:
+
+    t0.strftime('%G') # => "2022"
+    t1.strftime('%G') # => "2024"
+
+- <tt>%g</tt> - Week-based year without century, in range (0..99), zero-padded:
+
+    t0.strftime('%g') # => "22"
+    t1.strftime('%g') # => "24"
+
+- <tt>%V</tt> - Week number of the week-based year, in range (1..53),
+  zero-padded:
+
+    t0.strftime('%V') # => "52"
+    t1.strftime('%V') # => "01"
+
+=== Literals
+
+- <tt>%n</tt> - Newline character "\n":
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%n') # => "\n"
+
+- <tt>%t</tt> - Tab character "\t":
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%t') # => "\t"
+
+- <tt>%%</tt> - Percent character '%':
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%%') # => "%"
+
+=== Shorthand Conversion Specifiers
+
+Each shorthand specifier here is shown with its corresponding
+longhand specifier.
+
+- <tt>%c</tt> - \Date and time:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%c')             # => "Wed Jun 29 08:01:41 2022"
+    Time.now.strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') # => "Wed Jun 29 08:02:07 2022"
+
+- <tt>%D</tt> - \Date:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%D')       # => "06/29/22"
+    Time.now.strftime('%m/%d/%y') # => "06/29/22"
+
+- <tt>%F</tt> - ISO 8601 date:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%F')       # => "2022-06-29"
+    Time.now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # => "2022-06-29"
+
+- <tt>%v</tt> - VMS date:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%v')         # => "29-JUN-2022"
+    Time.now.strftime('%e-%^b-%4Y') # => "29-JUN-2022"
+
+- <tt>%x</tt> - Same as <tt>%D</tt>.
+
+- <tt>%X</tt> - Same as <tt>%T</tt>.
+
+- <tt>%r</tt> - 12-hour time:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%r')           # => "01:00:00 AM"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%I:%M:%S %p')  # => "01:00:00 AM"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%r')          # => "01:00:00 PM"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%I:%M:%S %p') # => "01:00:00 PM"
+
+- <tt>%R</tt> - 24-hour time:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%R')     # => "01:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H:%M')  # => "01:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%R')    # => "13:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H:%M') # => "13:00"
+
+- <tt>%T</tt> - 24-hour time:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%T')        # => "01:00:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H:%M:%S')  # => "01:00:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%T')       # => "13:00:00"
+    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H:%M:%S') # => "13:00:00"
+
+- <tt>%+</tt> (not supported in Time#strftime) - \Date and time:
+
+    DateTime.now.strftime('%+')
+    # => "Wed Jun 29 08:31:53 -05:00 2022"
+    DateTime.now.strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y')
+    # => "Wed Jun 29 08:32:18 -05:00 2022"
+
+== Flags
+
+Flags may affect certain formatting specifications.
+
+Multiple flags may be given with a single conversion specified;
+order does not matter.
+
+=== Padding Flags
+
+- <tt>0</tt> - Pad with zeroes:
+
+    Time.new(10).strftime('%0Y') # => "0010"
+
+- <tt>_</tt> - Pad with blanks:
+
+    Time.new(10).strftime('%_Y') # => "  10"
+
+- <tt>-</tt> - Don't pad:
+
+    Time.new(10).strftime('%-Y') # => "10"
+
+=== Casing Flags
+
+- <tt>^</tt> - Upcase result:
+
+    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%B')  # => "January" # No casing flag.
+    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%^B') # => "JANUARY"
+
+- <tt>#</tt> - Swapcase result:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%p')  # => "AM"
+    Time.now.strftime('%^p') # => "AM"
+    Time.now.strftime('%#p') # => "am"
+
+=== Timezone Flags
+
+- <tt>:</tt> - Put timezone as colon-separated hours and minutes:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%:z')  # => "-05:00"
+
+- <tt>::</tt> - Put timezone as colon-separated hours, minutes, and seconds:
+
+    Time.now.strftime('%::z') # => "-05:00:00"
+
+== Width Specifiers
+
+The integer width specifier gives a minimum width for the returned string:
+
+  Time.new(2002).strftime('%Y')       # => "2002"     # No width specifier.
+  Time.new(2002).strftime('%10Y')     # => "0000002002"
+  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%B')   # => "December" # No width specifier.
+  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%10B') # => "  December"
+  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%3B')  # => "December" # Ignored if too small.
+
+= Specialized Format Strings
+
+Here are a few specialized format strings,
+each based on an external standard.
+
+== HTTP Format
+
+The HTTP date format is based on
+{RFC 2616}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2616],
+and treats dates in the format <tt>'%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT'</tt>:
+
+  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return HTTP-formatted string.
+  httpdate = d.httpdate    # => "Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT"
+  # Return new date parsed from HTTP-formatted string.
+  Date.httpdate(httpdate)  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return hash parsed from HTTP-formatted string.
+  Date._httpdate(httpdate)
+  # => {:wday=>6, :mday=>3, :mon=>2, :year=>2001, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"GMT", :offset=>0}
+
+== RFC 3339 Format
+
+The RFC 3339 date format is based on
+{RFC 3339}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3339]:
+
+  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return 3339-formatted string.
+  rfc3339 = d.rfc3339      # => "2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00"
+  # Return new date parsed from 3339-formatted string.
+  Date.rfc3339(rfc3339)    # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return hash parsed from 3339-formatted string.
+  Date._rfc3339(rfc3339)
+  # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"+00:00", :offset=>0}
+
+== RFC 2822 Format
+
+The RFC 2822 date format is based on
+{RFC 2822}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2822],
+and treats dates in the format <tt>'%a, %-d %b %Y %T %z'</tt>]:
+
+  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return 2822-formatted string.
+  rfc2822 = d.rfc2822      # => "Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000"
+  # Return new date parsed from 2822-formatted string.
+  Date.rfc2822(rfc2822)    # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return hash parsed from 2822-formatted string.
+  Date._rfc2822(rfc2822)
+  # => {:wday=>6, :mday=>3, :mon=>2, :year=>2001, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"+0000", :offset=>0}
+
+== JIS X 0301 Format
+
+The JIS X 0301 format includes the
+{Japanese era name}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_era_name],
+and treats dates in the format <tt>'%Y-%m-%d'</tt>
+with the first letter of the romanized era name prefixed:
+
+  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return 0301-formatted string.
+  jisx0301 = d.jisx0301    # => "H13.02.03"
+  # Return new date parsed from 0301-formatted string.
+  Date.jisx0301(jisx0301)  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
+  # Return hash parsed from 0301-formatted string.
+  Date._jisx0301(jisx0301) # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
+
+== ISO 8601 Format Specifications
+
+This section shows format specifications that are compatible with
+{ISO 8601}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601].
+Details for various formats may be seen at the links.
+
+Examples in this section assume:
+
+  t = Time.now # => 2022-06-29 16:49:25.465246 -0500
+
+=== Dates
+
+See {ISO 8601 dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Dates].
+
+- {Years}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Years]:
+
+  - Basic year (+YYYY+):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y') # => "2022"
+
+  - Expanded year (<tt>±YYYYY</tt>):
+
+      t.strftime('+%5Y') # => "+02022"
+      t.strftime('-%5Y') # => "-02022"
+
+- {Calendar dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Calendar_dates]:
+
+  - Basic date (+YYYYMMDD+):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y%m%d') # => "20220629"
+
+  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-MM-DD</tt>):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # => "2022-06-29"
+
+  - Reduced extended date (<tt>YYYY-MM</tt>):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y-%m') # => "2022-06"
+
+- {Week dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates]:
+
+  - Basic date (+YYYYWww+ or +YYYYWwwD+):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y%Ww')   # => "202226w"
+      t.strftime('%Y%Ww%u') # => "202226w3"
+
+  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-Www</tt> or <tt>YYYY-Www-D<tt>):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y-%Ww')    # => "2022-26w"
+      t.strftime('%Y-%Ww-%u') # => "2022-26w-3"
+
+- {Ordinal dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Ordinal_dates]:
+
+  - Basic date (+YYYYDDD+):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y%j') # => "2022180"
+
+  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-DDD</tt>):
+
+      t.strftime('%Y-%j') # => "2022-180"
+
+=== Times
+
+See {ISO 8601 times}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Times].
+
+- Times:
+
+  - Basic time (+Thhmmss.sss+, +Thhmmss+, +Thhmm+, or +Thh+):
+
+      t.strftime('T%H%M%S.%L') # => "T164925.465"
+      t.strftime('T%H%M%S')    # => "T164925"
+      t.strftime('T%H%M')      # => "T1649"
+      t.strftime('T%H')        # => "T16"
+
+  - Extended time (+Thh:mm:ss.sss+, +Thh:mm:ss+, or +Thh:mm+):
+
+      t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S.%L') # => "T16:49:25.465"
+      t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S')    # => "T16:49:25"
+      t.strftime('T%H:%M')       # => "T16:49"
+
+- {Time zone designators}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Time_zone_designators]:
+
+  - Timezone (+time+ represents a valid time,
+    +hh+ represents a valid 2-digit hour,
+    and +mm+ represents a valid 2-digit minute):
+
+    - Basic timezone (<tt>time±hhmm</tt>, <tt>time±hh</tt>, or +timeZ+):
+
+        t.strftime('T%H%M%S%z')              # => "T164925-0500"
+        t.strftime('T%H%M%S%z').slice(0..-3) # => "T164925-05"
+        t.strftime('T%H%M%SZ')               # => "T164925Z"
+
+    - Extended timezone (<tt>time±hh:mm</tt>):
+
+        t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S%z') # => "T16:49:25-0500"
+
+  - See also:
+
+    - {Local time (unqualified)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Local_time_(unqualified)].
+    - {Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Coordinated_Universal_Time_(UTC)].
+    - {Time offsets from UTC}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Time_offsets_from_UTC].
+
+=== Combined \Date and \Time
+
+See {ISO 8601 Combined date and time representations}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Combined_date_and_time_representations].
+
+An ISO 8601 combined date and time representation may be any
+ISO 8601 date and any ISO 8601 time,
+separated by the letter +T+.
+
+For the relevant +strftime+ formats, see {Dates}[rdoc-ref:@Dates] and {Times}[rdoc-ref:@Times] above.
diff --git a/doc/maintainers.md b/doc/maintainers.md
index a216e564a5..e87ccaca05 100644
--- a/doc/maintainers.md
+++ b/doc/maintainers.md
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ not have authority to change/add a feature on his/her part. They need
 consensus on ruby-core/ruby-dev before changing/adding. Some of submaintainers
 have commit right, others don't.
 
+No maintainer means that there is no specific maintainer for the part now.
+The member of ruby core team can fix issues at anytime. But major changes need
+consensus on ruby-core/ruby-dev.
+
 ### Language core features including security
 
 * Yukihiro Matsumoto ([matz])
@@ -40,25 +44,30 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 * Yukihiro Matsumoto ([matz])
 
-## Standard Library Maintainers
-
-### Libraries
+### Standard Library Maintainers
 
 #### lib/mkmf.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
+
+#### pathname_builtin.rb, lib/pathname.rb
+
+* Tanaka Akira ([akr])
 
 #### lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*
 
-* Eric Hodel ([drbrain])
 * Hiroshi SHIBATA ([hsbt])
-* https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems
+* https://github.com/ruby/rubygems
 
 #### lib/unicode_normalize.rb, lib/unicode_normalize/*
 
 * Martin J. Dürst ([duerst])
 
-### Extensions
+### Standard Library(Extensions) Maintainers
+
+#### set.c
+
+* Akinori MUSHA ([knu])
 
 #### ext/continuation
 
@@ -78,15 +87,19 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 #### ext/objspace
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
+
+#### ext/pathname
+
+* Tanaka Akira ([akr])
 
 #### ext/pty
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 
 #### ext/ripper
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 
 #### ext/socket
 
@@ -97,31 +110,27 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 * NAKAMURA Usaku ([unak])
 
-## Default gems Maintainers
-
-### Libraries
+### Default gems(Libraries) Maintainers
 
 #### lib/bundler.rb, lib/bundler/*
 
 * Hiroshi SHIBATA ([hsbt])
-* https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems
+* https://github.com/ruby/rubygems
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/bundler
 
-#### lib/cgi.rb, lib/cgi/*
+#### lib/cgi/escape.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
-* https://github.com/ruby/cgi
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/cgi
+* *No maintainer*
 
 #### lib/English.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/English
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/English
 
 #### lib/delegate.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/delegate
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/delegate
 
@@ -152,7 +161,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 #### lib/fileutils.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/fileutils
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/fileutils
 
@@ -178,6 +187,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 * Nobuyuki Nakada ([nobu])
 * https://github.com/ruby/optparse
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/optparse
 
 #### lib/net/http.rb, lib/net/https.rb
 
@@ -187,13 +197,13 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 #### lib/net/protocol.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/net-protocol
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/net-protocol
 
 #### lib/open3.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/open3
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/open3
 
@@ -201,6 +211,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 * Tanaka Akira ([akr])
 * https://github.com/ruby/open-uri
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/open-uri
 
 #### lib/pp.rb
 
@@ -219,6 +230,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 * Kevin Newton ([kddnewton])
 * Eileen Uchitelle ([eileencodes])
 * Aaron Patterson ([tenderlove])
+* Earlopain ([earlopain])
 * https://github.com/ruby/prism
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/prism
 
@@ -234,12 +246,6 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 * https://github.com/ruby/securerandom
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/securerandom
 
-#### lib/set.rb
-
-* Akinori MUSHA ([knu])
-* https://github.com/ruby/set
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/set
-
 #### lib/shellwords.rb
 
 * Akinori MUSHA ([knu])
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 #### lib/tempfile.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/tempfile
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/tempfile
 
@@ -270,24 +276,12 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 * https://github.com/ruby/timeout
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/timeout
 
-#### lib/thwait.rb
-
-* Keiju ISHITSUKA ([keiju])
-* https://github.com/ruby/thwait
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/thwait
-
 #### lib/tmpdir.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/tmpdir
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/tmpdir
 
-#### lib/tsort.rb
-
-* Tanaka Akira ([akr])
-* https://github.com/ruby/tsort
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/tsort
-
 #### lib/un.rb
 
 * WATANABE Hirofumi ([eban])
@@ -309,33 +303,31 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 #### lib/weakref.rb
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/weakref
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/weakref
 
-### Extensions
+### Default gems(Extensions) Maintainers
 
 #### ext/cgi
 
 * Nobuyoshi Nakada ([nobu])
-* https://github.com/ruby/cgi
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/cgi
 
 #### ext/date
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/date
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/date
 
 #### ext/etc
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/etc
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/etc
 
 #### ext/fcntl
 
-* *unmaintained*
+* *No maintainer*
 * https://github.com/ruby/fcntl
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/fcntl
 
@@ -371,12 +363,6 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 * https://github.com/ruby/openssl
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/openssl
 
-#### ext/pathname
-
-* Tanaka Akira ([akr])
-* https://github.com/ruby/pathname
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/pathname
-
 #### ext/psych
 
 * Aaron Patterson ([tenderlove])
@@ -402,159 +388,248 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 * https://github.com/ruby/zlib
 * https://rubygems.org/gems/zlib
 
-## Bundled gems upstream repositories
+## Bundled gems upstream repositories and maintainers
+
+The maintanance policy of bundled gems is different from Module Maintainers above.
+Please check the policies for each repository.
+
+The ruby core team tries to maintain the repositories with no maintainers.
+It may needs to make consensus on ruby-core/ruby-dev before making major changes.
 
 ### minitest
 
+* Ryan Davis ([zenspider])
 * https://github.com/minitest/minitest
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/minitest
 
 ### power_assert
 
+* Tsujimoto Kenta ([k-tsj])
 * https://github.com/ruby/power_assert
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/power_assert
 
 ### rake
 
+* Hiroshi SHIBATA ([hsbt])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rake
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rake
 
 ### test-unit
 
+* Kouhei Sutou ([kou])
 * https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/test-unit
 
 ### rexml
 
+* Kouhei Sutou ([kou])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rexml
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rexml
 
 ### rss
 
+* Kouhei Sutou ([kou])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rss
-
-### net-ftp
-
-* https://github.com/ruby/net-ftp
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rss
 
 ### net-imap
 
+* Nicholas A. Evans ([nevans])
 * https://github.com/ruby/net-imap
-
-### net-pop
-
-* https://github.com/ruby/net-pop
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/net-imap
 
 ### net-smtp
 
+* TOMITA Masahiro ([tmtm])
 * https://github.com/ruby/net-smtp
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/net-smtp
 
 ### matrix
 
+* Marc-André Lafortune ([marcandre])
 * https://github.com/ruby/matrix
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/matrix
 
 ### prime
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/prime
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/prime
 
 ### rbs
 
+* Soutaro Matsumoto ([soutaro])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rbs
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rbs
 
 ### typeprof
 
+* Yusuke Endoh ([mame])
 * https://github.com/ruby/typeprof
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/typeprof
 
 ### debug
 
+* Koichi Sasada ([ko1])
 * https://github.com/ruby/debug
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/debug
 
 ### racc
 
+* Yuichi Kaneko ([yui-knk])
 * https://github.com/ruby/racc
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/racc
 
 #### mutex_m
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/mutex_m
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/mutex_m
 
 #### getoptlong
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/getoptlong
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/getoptlong
 
 #### base64
 
+* Yusuke Endoh ([mame])
 * https://github.com/ruby/base64
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/base64
 
 #### bigdecimal
 
+* Kenta Murata ([mrkn])
 * https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/bigdecimal
 
 #### observer
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/observer
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/observer
 
 #### abbrev
 
+* Akinori MUSHA ([knu])
 * https://github.com/ruby/abbrev
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/abbrev
 
 #### resolv-replace
 
+* Akira TANAKA ([akr])
 * https://github.com/ruby/resolv-replace
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/resolv-replace
 
 #### rinda
 
+* Masatoshi SEKI ([seki])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rinda
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rinda
 
 #### drb
 
+* Masatoshi SEKI ([seki])
 * https://github.com/ruby/drb
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/drb
 
 #### nkf
 
+* Naruse Yusuke ([nurse])
 * https://github.com/ruby/nkf
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/nkf
 
 #### syslog
 
+* Akinori Musha ([knu])
 * https://github.com/ruby/syslog
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/syslog
 
 #### csv
 
+* Kouhei Sutou ([kou])
 * https://github.com/ruby/csv
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/csv
 
 #### ostruct
 
+* Marc-André Lafortune ([marcandre])
 * https://github.com/ruby/ostruct
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/ostruct
 
 #### pstore
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/pstore
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/pstore
 
 #### benchmark
 
+* Benoit Daloze ([eregon])
 * https://github.com/ruby/benchmark
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/benchmark
 
 #### logger
 
+* Naotoshi Seo ([sonots])
 * https://github.com/ruby/logger
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/logger
 
 #### rdoc
 
+* Stan Lo ([st0012])
+* Nobuyoshi Nakada ([nobu])
 * https://github.com/ruby/rdoc
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/rdoc
 
 #### win32ole
 
+* Masaki Suketa ([suketa])
 * https://github.com/ruby/win32ole
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/win32ole
 
 #### irb
 
+* Tomoya Ishida ([tompng])
+* Stan Lo ([st0012])
+* Mari Imaizumi ([ima1zumi])
+* HASUMI Hitoshi ([hasumikin])
 * https://github.com/ruby/irb
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/irb
 
 #### reline
 
+* Tomoya Ishida ([tompng])
+* Stan Lo ([st0012])
+* Mari Imaizumi ([ima1zumi])
+* HASUMI Hitoshi ([hasumikin])
 * https://github.com/ruby/reline
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/reline
 
 #### readline
 
 * https://github.com/ruby/readline
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/readline
 
 #### fiddle
 
+* Kouhei Sutou ([kou])
 * https://github.com/ruby/fiddle
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/fiddle
+
+#### repl_type_completor
+
+* Tomoya Ishida ([tompng])
+* https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/repl_type_completor
+
+#### tsort
+
+* Tanaka Akira ([akr])
+* https://github.com/ruby/tsort
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/tsort
+
+#### win32-registry
+
+* Nakamura Usaku ([unak])
+* https://github.com/ruby/win32-registry
+* https://rubygems.org/gems/win32-registry
 
 ## Platform Maintainers
 
@@ -592,7 +667,7 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 
 ### cygwin, ...
 
-* none. (Maintainer WANTED)
+* **No maintainer**
 
 ### WebAssembly/WASI
 
@@ -603,8 +678,10 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 [colby-swandale]: https://github.com/colby-swandale
 [drbrain]: https://github.com/drbrain
 [duerst]: https://github.com/duerst
+[earlopain]: https://github.com/earlopain
 [eban]: https://github.com/eban
 [eileencodes]: https://github.com/eileencodes
+[eregon]: https://github.com/eregon
 [hasumikin]: https://github.com/hasumikin
 [hsbt]: https://github.com/hsbt
 [ima1zumi]: https://github.com/ima1zumi
@@ -635,3 +712,11 @@ have commit right, others don't.
 [tompng]: https://github.com/tompng
 [unak]: https://github.com/unak
 [yuki24]: https://github.com/yuki24
+[zenspider]: https://github.com/zenspider
+[k-tsj]: https://github.com/k-tsj
+[nevans]: https://github.com/nevans
+[tmtm]: https://github.com/tmtm
+[soutaro]: https://github.com/soutaro
+[yui-knk]: https://github.com/yui-knk
+[hasumikin]: https://github.com/hasumikin
+[suketa]: https://github.com/suketa
diff --git a/doc/marshal.rdoc b/doc/marshal.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index b60286a396..0000000000
--- a/doc/marshal.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,313 +0,0 @@
-= Marshal Format
-
-The Marshal format is used to serialize ruby objects.  The format can store
-arbitrary objects through three user-defined extension mechanisms.
-
-For documentation on using Marshal to serialize and deserialize objects, see
-the Marshal module.
-
-This document calls a serialized set of objects a stream.  The Ruby
-implementation can load a set of objects from a String, an IO or an object
-that implements a +getc+ method.
-
-== Stream Format
-
-The first two bytes of the stream contain the major and minor version, each as
-a single byte encoding a digit.  The version implemented in Ruby is 4.8
-(stored as "\x04\x08") and is supported by ruby 1.8.0 and newer.
-
-Different major versions of the Marshal format are not compatible and cannot
-be understood by other major versions.  Lesser minor versions of the format
-can be understood by newer minor versions.  Format 4.7 can be loaded by a 4.8
-implementation but format 4.8 cannot be loaded by a 4.7 implementation.
-
-Following the version bytes is a stream describing the serialized object.  The
-stream contains nested objects (the same as a Ruby object) but objects in the
-stream do not necessarily have a direct mapping to the Ruby object model.
-
-Each object in the stream is described by a byte indicating its type followed
-by one or more bytes describing the object.  When "object" is mentioned below
-it means any of the types below that defines a Ruby object.
-
-=== true, false, nil
-
-These objects are each one byte long.  "T" is represents +true+, "F"
-represents +false+ and "0" represents +nil+.
-
-=== Fixnum and long
-
-"i" represents a signed 32 bit value using a packed format.  One through five
-bytes follows the type.  The value loaded will always be a Fixnum.  On
-32 bit platforms (where the precision of a Fixnum is less than 32 bits)
-loading large values will cause overflow on CRuby.
-
-The fixnum type is used to represent both ruby Fixnum objects and the sizes of
-marshaled arrays, hashes, instance variables and other types.  In the
-following sections "long" will mean the format described below, which supports
-full 32 bit precision.
-
-The first byte has the following special values:
-
-"\x00"::
-  The value of the integer is 0.  No bytes follow.
-
-"\x01"::
-  The total size of the integer is two bytes.  The following byte is a
-  positive integer in the range of 0 through 255.  Only values between 123
-  and 255 should be represented this way to save bytes.
-
-"\xff"::
-  The total size of the integer is two bytes.  The following byte is a
-  negative integer in the range of -1 through -256.
-
-"\x02"::
-  The total size of the integer is three bytes.  The following two bytes are a
-  positive little-endian integer.
-
-"\xfe"::
-  The total size of the integer is three bytes.  The following two bytes are a
-  negative little-endian integer.
-
-"\x03"::
-  The total size of the integer is four bytes.  The following three bytes are
-  a positive little-endian integer.
-
-"\xfd"::
-  The total size of the integer is four bytes.  The following three bytes are a
-  negative little-endian integer.
-
-"\x04"::
-  The total size of the integer is five bytes.  The following four bytes are a
-  positive little-endian integer.  For compatibility with 32 bit ruby,
-  only Fixnums less than 1073741824 should be represented this way.  For sizes
-  of stream objects full precision may be used.
-
-"\xfc"::
-  The total size of the integer is five bytes.  The following four bytes are a
-  negative little-endian integer.  For compatibility with 32 bit ruby,
-  only Fixnums greater than -10737341824 should be represented this way.  For
-  sizes of stream objects full precision may be used.
-
-Otherwise the first byte is a sign-extended eight-bit value with an offset.
-If the value is positive the value is determined by subtracting 5 from the
-value.  If the value is negative the value is determined by adding 5 to the
-value.
-
-There are multiple representations for many values.  CRuby always outputs the
-shortest representation possible.
-
-=== Symbols and Byte Sequence
-
-":" represents a real symbol.  A real symbol contains the data needed to
-define the symbol for the rest of the stream as future occurrences in the
-stream will instead be references (a symbol link) to this one.  The reference
-is a zero-indexed 32 bit value (so the first occurrence of <code>:hello</code>
-is 0).
-
-Following the type byte is byte sequence which consists of a long indicating
-the number of bytes in the sequence followed by that many bytes of data.  Byte
-sequences have no encoding.
-
-For example, the following stream contains the Symbol <code>:hello</code>:
-
-  "\x04\x08:\x0ahello"
-
-";" represents a Symbol link which references a previously defined Symbol.
-Following the type byte is a long containing the index in the lookup table for
-the linked (referenced) Symbol.
-
-For example, the following stream contains <code>[:hello, :hello]</code>:
-
-  "\x04\b[\a:\nhello;\x00"
-
-When a "symbol" is referenced below it may be either a real symbol or a
-symbol link.
-
-=== Object References
-
-Separate from but similar to symbol references, the stream contains only one
-copy of each object (as determined by #object_id) for all objects except
-true, false, nil, Fixnums and Symbols (which are stored separately as
-described above) a one-indexed 32 bit value will be stored and reused when the
-object is encountered again.  (The first object has an index of 1).
-
-"@" represents an object link.  Following the type byte is a long giving the
-index of the object.
-
-For example, the following stream contains an Array of the same
-<code>"hello"</code> object twice:
-
-  "\004\b[\a\"\nhello@\006"
-
-=== Instance Variables
-
-"I" indicates that instance variables follow the next object.  An object
-follows the type byte.  Following the object is a length indicating the number
-of instance variables for the object.  Following the length is a set of
-name-value pairs.  The names are symbols while the values are objects.  The
-symbols must be instance variable names (<code>:@name</code>).
-
-An Object ("o" type, described below) uses the same format for its instance
-variables as described here.
-
-For a String and Regexp (described below) a special instance variable
-<code>:E</code> is used to indicate the Encoding.
-
-=== Extended
-
-"e" indicates that the next object is extended by a module.  An object follows
-the type byte.  Following the object is a symbol that contains the name of the
-module the object is extended by.
-
-=== Array
-
-"[" represents an Array.  Following the type byte is a long indicating the
-number of objects in the array.  The given number of objects follow the
-length.
-
-=== Bignum
-
-"l" represents a Bignum which is composed of three parts:
-
-sign::
-  A single byte containing "+" for a positive value or "-" for a negative
-  value.
-length::
-  A long indicating the number of bytes of Bignum data follows, divided by
-  two.  Multiply the length by two to determine the number of bytes of data
-  that follow.
-data::
-  Bytes of Bignum data representing the number.
-
-The following ruby code will reconstruct the Bignum value from an array of
-bytes:
-
-  result = 0
-
-  bytes.each_with_index do |byte, exp|
-   result += (byte * 2 ** (exp * 8))
-  end
-
-=== +Class+ and +Module+
-
-"c" represents a +Class+ object, "m" represents a +Module+ and "M" represents
-either a class or module (this is an old-style for compatibility).  No class
-or module content is included, this type is only a reference.  Following the
-type byte is a byte sequence which is used to look up an existing class or
-module, respectively.
-
-Instance variables are not allowed on a class or module.
-
-If no class or module exists an exception should be raised.
-
-For "c" and "m" types, the loaded object must be a class or module,
-respectively.
-
-=== Data
-
-"d" represents a Data object.  (Data objects are wrapped pointers from ruby
-extensions.)  Following the type byte is a symbol indicating the class for the
-Data object and an object that contains the state of the Data object.
-
-To dump a Data object Ruby calls _dump_data.  To load a Data object Ruby calls
-_load_data with the state of the object on a newly allocated instance.
-
-=== Float
-
-"f" represents a Float object.  Following the type byte is a byte sequence
-containing the float value.  The following values are special:
-
-"inf"::
-  Positive infinity
-
-"-inf"::
-  Negative infinity
-
-"nan"::
-  Not a Number
-
-Otherwise the byte sequence contains a C double (loadable by strtod(3)).
-Older minor versions of Marshal also stored extra mantissa bits to ensure
-portability across platforms but 4.8 does not include these.  See
-[ruby-talk:69518] for some explanation.
-
-=== Hash and Hash with Default Value
-
-"{" represents a Hash object while "}" represents a Hash with a default value
-set (<code>Hash.new 0</code>).  Following the type byte is a long indicating
-the number of key-value pairs in the Hash, the size.  Double the given number
-of objects follow the size.
-
-For a Hash with a default value, the default value follows all the pairs.
-
-=== Module and Old Module
-
-=== Object
-
-"o" represents an object that doesn't have any other special form (such as
-a user-defined or built-in format).  Following the type byte is a symbol
-containing the class name of the object.  Following the class name is a long
-indicating the number of instance variable names and values for the object.
-Double the given number of pairs of objects follow the size.
-
-The keys in the pairs must be symbols containing instance variable names.
-
-=== Regular Expression
-
-"/" represents a regular expression.  Following the type byte is a byte
-sequence containing the regular expression source.  Following the type byte is
-a byte containing the regular expression options (case-insensitive, etc.) as a
-signed 8-bit value.
-
-Regular expressions can have an encoding attached through instance variables
-(see above).  If no encoding is attached escapes for the following regexp
-specials not present in ruby 1.8 must be removed: g-m, o-q, u, y, E, F, H-L,
-N-V, X, Y.
-
-=== String
-
-'"' represents a String.  Following the type byte is a byte sequence
-containing the string content.  When dumped from ruby 1.9 an encoding instance
-variable (<code>:E</code> see above) should be included unless the encoding is
-binary.
-
-=== Struct
-
-"S" represents a Struct.  Following the type byte is a symbol containing the
-name of the struct.  Following the name is a long indicating the number of
-members in the struct.  Double the number of objects follow the member count.
-Each member is a pair containing the member's symbol and an object for the
-value of that member.
-
-If the struct name does not match a Struct subclass in the running ruby an
-exception should be raised.
-
-If there is a mismatch between the struct in the currently running ruby and
-the member count in the marshaled struct an exception should be raised.
-
-=== User Class
-
-"C" represents a subclass of a String, Regexp, Array or Hash.  Following the
-type byte is a symbol containing the name of the subclass.  Following the name
-is the wrapped object.
-
-=== User Defined
-
-"u" represents an object with a user-defined serialization format using the
-+_dump+ instance method and +_load+ class method.  Following the type byte is
-a symbol containing the class name.  Following the class name is a byte
-sequence containing the user-defined representation of the object.
-
-The class method +_load+ is called on the class with a string created from the
-byte-sequence.
-
-=== User Marshal
-
-"U" represents an object with a user-defined serialization format using the
-+marshal_dump+ and +marshal_load+ instance methods.  Following the type byte
-is a symbol containing the class name.  Following the class name is an object
-containing the data.
-
-Upon loading a new instance must be allocated and +marshal_load+ must be
-called on the instance with the data.
-
diff --git a/doc/matchdata/begin.rdoc b/doc/matchdata/begin.rdoc
index 8046dd9d55..6100617e19 100644
--- a/doc/matchdata/begin.rdoc
+++ b/doc/matchdata/begin.rdoc
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ returns the offset of the beginning of the <tt>n</tt>th match:
   m[3]       # => "113"
   m.begin(3) # => 3
 
-  m = /(т)(е)(с)/.match('тест')
-  # => #<MatchData "тес" 1:"т" 2:"е" 3:"с">
-  m[0]       # => "тес"
-  m.begin(0) # => 0
-  m[3]       # => "с"
-  m.begin(3) # => 2
+  m = /(ん)(に)(ち)/.match('こんにちは')
+  # => #<MatchData "んにち" 1:"ん" 2:"に" 3:"ち">
+  m[0]       # => "んにち"
+  m.begin(0) # => 1
+  m[3]       # => "ち"
+  m.begin(3) # => 3
 
 When string or symbol argument +name+ is given,
 returns the offset of the beginning for the named match:
diff --git a/doc/matchdata/bytebegin.rdoc b/doc/matchdata/bytebegin.rdoc
index 5b40a7ef73..54e417a7fc 100644
--- a/doc/matchdata/bytebegin.rdoc
+++ b/doc/matchdata/bytebegin.rdoc
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ returns the offset of the beginning of the <tt>n</tt>th match:
   m[3]       # => "113"
   m.bytebegin(3) # => 3
 
-  m = /(т)(е)(с)/.match('тест')
-  # => #<MatchData "тес" 1:"т" 2:"е" 3:"с">
-  m[0]       # => "тес"
-  m.bytebegin(0) # => 0
-  m[3]       # => "с"
-  m.bytebegin(3) # => 4
+  m = /(ん)(に)(ち)/.match('こんにちは')
+  # => #<MatchData "んにち" 1:"ん" 2:"に" 3:"ち">
+  m[0]           # => "んにち"
+  m.bytebegin(0) # => 3
+  m[3]           # => "ち"
+  m.bytebegin(3) # => 9
 
 When string or symbol argument +name+ is given,
 returns the offset of the beginning for the named match:
diff --git a/doc/matchdata/byteend.rdoc b/doc/matchdata/byteend.rdoc
index eb57664022..0a03f76208 100644
--- a/doc/matchdata/byteend.rdoc
+++ b/doc/matchdata/byteend.rdoc
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ returns the offset of the end of the <tt>n</tt>th match:
   m[3]     # => "113"
   m.byteend(3) # => 6
 
-  m = /(т)(е)(с)/.match('тест')
-  # => #<MatchData "тес" 1:"т" 2:"е" 3:"с">
-  m[0]     # => "тес"
-  m.byteend(0) # => 6
-  m[3]     # => "с"
-  m.byteend(3) # => 6
+  m = /(ん)(に)(ち)/.match('こんにちは')
+  # => #<MatchData "んにち" 1:"ん" 2:"に" 3:"ち">
+  m[0]         # => "んにち"
+  m.byteend(0) # => 12
+  m[3]         # => "ち"
+  m.byteend(3) # => 12
 
 When string or symbol argument +name+ is given,
 returns the offset of the end for the named match:
diff --git a/doc/matchdata/end.rdoc b/doc/matchdata/end.rdoc
index 0209b2d2fc..c43a5428f3 100644
--- a/doc/matchdata/end.rdoc
+++ b/doc/matchdata/end.rdoc
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ returns the offset of the end of the <tt>n</tt>th match:
   m[3]     # => "113"
   m.end(3) # => 6
 
-  m = /(т)(е)(с)/.match('тест')
-  # => #<MatchData "тес" 1:"т" 2:"е" 3:"с">
-  m[0]     # => "тес"
-  m.end(0) # => 3
-  m[3]     # => "с"
-  m.end(3) # => 3
+  m = /(ん)(に)(ち)/.match('こんにちは')
+  # => #<MatchData "んにち" 1:"ん" 2:"に" 3:"ち">
+  m[0]     # => "んにち"
+  m.end(0) # => 4
+  m[3]     # => "ち"
+  m.end(3) # => 4
 
 When string or symbol argument +name+ is given,
 returns the offset of the end for the named match:
diff --git a/doc/matchdata/offset.rdoc b/doc/matchdata/offset.rdoc
index 0985316d76..4194ef7ef9 100644
--- a/doc/matchdata/offset.rdoc
+++ b/doc/matchdata/offset.rdoc
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ returns the starting and ending offsets of the <tt>n</tt>th match:
   m[3]        # => "113"
   m.offset(3) # => [3, 6]
 
-  m = /(т)(е)(с)/.match('тест')
-  # => #<MatchData "тес" 1:"т" 2:"е" 3:"с">
-  m[0]        # => "тес"
-  m.offset(0) # => [0, 3]
-  m[3]        # => "с"
-  m.offset(3) # => [2, 3]
+  m = /(ん)(に)(ち)/.match('こんにちは')
+  # => #<MatchData "んにち" 1:"ん" 2:"に" 3:"ち">
+  m[0]        # => "んにち"
+  m.offset(0) # => [1, 4]
+  m[3]        # => "ち"
+  m.offset(3) # => [3, 4]
 
 When string or symbol argument +name+ is given,
 returns the starting and ending offsets for the named match:
diff --git a/doc/packed_data.rdoc b/doc/packed_data.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index b33eed58e7..0000000000
--- a/doc/packed_data.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,706 +0,0 @@
-= Packed \Data
-
-== Quick Reference
-
-These tables summarize the directives for packing and unpacking.
-
-=== For Integers
-
-  Directive     | Meaning
-  --------------|---------------------------------------------------------------
-  C             | 8-bit unsigned (unsigned char)
-  S             | 16-bit unsigned, native endian (uint16_t)
-  L             | 32-bit unsigned, native endian (uint32_t)
-  Q             | 64-bit unsigned, native endian (uint64_t)
-  J             | pointer width unsigned, native endian (uintptr_t)
-
-  c             | 8-bit signed (signed char)
-  s             | 16-bit signed, native endian (int16_t)
-  l             | 32-bit signed, native endian (int32_t)
-  q             | 64-bit signed, native endian (int64_t)
-  j             | pointer width signed, native endian (intptr_t)
-
-  S_ S!         | unsigned short, native endian
-  I I_ I!       | unsigned int, native endian
-  L_ L!         | unsigned long, native endian
-  Q_ Q!         | unsigned long long, native endian
-                |   (raises ArgumentError if the platform has no long long type)
-  J!            | uintptr_t, native endian (same with J)
-
-  s_ s!         | signed short, native endian
-  i i_ i!       | signed int, native endian
-  l_ l!         | signed long, native endian
-  q_ q!         | signed long long, native endian
-                |   (raises ArgumentError if the platform has no long long type)
-  j!            | intptr_t, native endian (same with j)
-
-  S> s> S!> s!> | each the same as the directive without >, but big endian
-  L> l> L!> l!> |   S> is the same as n
-  I!> i!>       |   L> is the same as N
-  Q> q> Q!> q!> |
-  J> j> J!> j!> |
-
-  S< s< S!< s!< | each the same as the directive without <, but little endian
-  L< l< L!< l!< |   S< is the same as v
-  I!< i!<       |   L< is the same as V
-  Q< q< Q!< q!< |
-  J< j< J!< j!< |
-
-  n             | 16-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
-  N             | 32-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
-  v             | 16-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
-  V             | 32-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
-
-  U             | UTF-8 character
-  w             | BER-compressed integer
-
-=== For Floats
-
-  Directive | Meaning
-  ----------|--------------------------------------------------
-  D d       | double-precision, native format
-  F f       | single-precision, native format
-  E         | double-precision, little-endian byte order
-  e         | single-precision, little-endian byte order
-  G         | double-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
-  g         | single-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
-
-=== For Strings
-
-  Directive | Meaning
-  ----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
-  A         | arbitrary binary string (remove trailing nulls and ASCII spaces)
-  a         | arbitrary binary string
-  Z         | null-terminated string
-  B         | bit string (MSB first)
-  b         | bit string (LSB first)
-  H         | hex string (high nibble first)
-  h         | hex string (low nibble first)
-  u         | UU-encoded string
-  M         | quoted-printable, MIME encoding (see RFC2045)
-  m         | base64 encoded string (RFC 2045) (default)
-            |   (base64 encoded string (RFC 4648) if followed by 0)
-  P         | pointer to a structure (fixed-length string)
-  p         | pointer to a null-terminated string
-
-=== Additional Directives for Packing
-
-  Directive | Meaning
-  ----------|----------------------------------------------------------------
-  @         | moves to absolute position
-  X         | back up a byte
-  x         | null byte
-
-=== Additional Directives for Unpacking
-
-  Directive | Meaning
-  ----------|----------------------------------------------------------------
-  @         | skip to the offset given by the length argument
-  X         | skip backward one byte
-  x         | skip forward one byte
-
-== Packing and Unpacking
-
-Certain Ruby core methods deal with packing and unpacking data:
-
-- Method Array#pack:
-  Formats each element in array +self+ into a binary string;
-  returns that string.
-- Method String#unpack:
-  Extracts data from string +self+,
-  forming objects that become the elements of a new array;
-  returns that array.
-- Method String#unpack1:
-  Does the same, but unpacks and returns only the first extracted object.
-
-Each of these methods accepts a string +template+,
-consisting of zero or more _directive_ characters,
-each followed by zero or more _modifier_ characters.
-
-Examples (directive <tt>'C'</tt> specifies 'unsigned character'):
-
-  [65].pack('C')      # => "A"  # One element, one directive.
-  [65, 66].pack('CC') # => "AB" # Two elements, two directives.
-  [65, 66].pack('C')  # => "A"  # Extra element is ignored.
-  [65].pack('')       # => ""   # No directives.
-  [65].pack('CC')               # Extra directive raises ArgumentError.
-
-  'A'.unpack('C')   # => [65]      # One character, one directive.
-  'AB'.unpack('CC') # => [65, 66]  # Two characters, two directives.
-  'AB'.unpack('C')  # => [65]      # Extra character is ignored.
-  'A'.unpack('CC')  # => [65, nil] # Extra directive generates nil.
-  'AB'.unpack('')   # => []        # No directives.
-
-The string +template+ may contain any mixture of valid directives
-(directive <tt>'c'</tt> specifies 'signed character'):
-
-  [65, -1].pack('cC')  # => "A\xFF"
-  "A\xFF".unpack('cC') # => [65, 255]
-
-The string +template+ may contain whitespace (which is ignored)
-and comments, each of which begins with character <tt>'#'</tt>
-and continues up to and including the next following newline:
-
-  [0,1].pack("  C  #foo \n  C  ")    # => "\x00\x01"
-  "\0\1".unpack("  C  #foo \n  C  ") # => [0, 1]
-
-Any directive may be followed by either of these modifiers:
-
-- <tt>'*'</tt> - The directive is to be applied as many times as needed:
-
-    [65, 66].pack('C*') # => "AB"
-    'AB'.unpack('C*')   # => [65, 66]
-
-- Integer +count+ - The directive is to be applied +count+ times:
-
-    [65, 66].pack('C2') # => "AB"
-    [65, 66].pack('C3') # Raises ArgumentError.
-    'AB'.unpack('C2')   # => [65, 66]
-    'AB'.unpack('C3')   # => [65, 66, nil]
-
-  Note: Directives in <tt>%w[A a Z m]</tt> use +count+ differently;
-  see {String Directives}[rdoc-ref:packed_data.rdoc@String+Directives].
-
-If elements don't fit the provided directive, only least significant bits are encoded:
-
-    [257].pack("C").unpack("C") # => [1]
-
-== Packing Method
-
-Method Array#pack accepts optional keyword argument
-+buffer+ that specifies the target string (instead of a new string):
-
-  [65, 66].pack('C*', buffer: 'foo') # => "fooAB"
-
-The method can accept a block:
-
-  # Packed string is passed to the block.
-  [65, 66].pack('C*') {|s| p s }    # => "AB"
-
-== Unpacking Methods
-
-Methods String#unpack and String#unpack1 each accept
-an optional keyword argument +offset+ that specifies an offset
-into the string:
-
-  'ABC'.unpack('C*', offset: 1)  # => [66, 67]
-  'ABC'.unpack1('C*', offset: 1) # => 66
-
-Both methods can accept a block:
-
-  # Each unpacked object is passed to the block.
-  ret = []
-  "ABCD".unpack("C*") {|c| ret << c }
-  ret # => [65, 66, 67, 68]
-
-  # The single unpacked object is passed to the block.
-  'AB'.unpack1('C*') {|ele| p ele } # => 65
-
-== \Integer Directives
-
-Each integer directive specifies the packing or unpacking
-for one element in the input or output array.
-
-=== 8-Bit \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'c'</tt> - 8-bit signed integer
-  (like C <tt>signed char</tt>):
-
-    [0, 1, 255].pack('c*')  # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
-    s = [0, 1, -1].pack('c*') # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
-    s.unpack('c*') # => [0, 1, -1]
-
-- <tt>'C'</tt> - 8-bit unsigned integer
-  (like C <tt>unsigned char</tt>):
-
-    [0, 1, 255].pack('C*')    # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
-    s = [0, 1, -1].pack('C*') # => "\x00\x01\xFF"
-    s.unpack('C*')            # => [0, 1, 255]
-
-=== 16-Bit \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'s'</tt> - 16-bit signed integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>int16_t</tt>):
-
-    [513, -514].pack('s*')      # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
-    s = [513, 65022].pack('s*') # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
-    s.unpack('s*')              # => [513, -514]
-
-- <tt>'S'</tt> - 16-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>uint16_t</tt>):
-
-    [513, -514].pack('S*')      # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
-    s = [513, 65022].pack('S*') # => "\x01\x02\xFE\xFD"
-    s.unpack('S*')              # => [513, 65022]
-
-- <tt>'n'</tt> - 16-bit network integer, big-endian:
-
-    s = [0, 1, -1, 32767, -32768, 65535].pack('n*')
-    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x01\xFF\xFF\x7F\xFF\x80\x00\xFF\xFF"
-    s.unpack('n*')
-    # => [0, 1, 65535, 32767, 32768, 65535]
-
-- <tt>'v'</tt> - 16-bit VAX integer, little-endian:
-
-    s = [0, 1, -1, 32767, -32768, 65535].pack('v*')
-    # => "\x00\x00\x01\x00\xFF\xFF\xFF\x7F\x00\x80\xFF\xFF"
-    s.unpack('v*')
-    # => [0, 1, 65535, 32767, 32768, 65535]
-
-=== 32-Bit \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'l'</tt> - 32-bit signed integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>int32_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('l*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
-    s.unpack('l*')
-    # => [67305985, -50462977]
-
-- <tt>'L'</tt> - 32-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>uint32_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, 4244504319].pack('L*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
-    s.unpack('L*')
-    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
-
-- <tt>'N'</tt> - 32-bit network integer, big-endian:
-
-    s = [0,1,-1].pack('N*')
-    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
-    s.unpack('N*')
-    # => [0, 1, 4294967295]
-
-- <tt>'V'</tt> - 32-bit VAX integer, little-endian:
-
-    s = [0,1,-1].pack('V*')
-    # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
-    s.unpack('v*')
-    # => [0, 0, 1, 0, 65535, 65535]
-
-=== 64-Bit \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'q'</tt> - 64-bit signed integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>int64_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [578437695752307201, -506097522914230529].pack('q*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\a\b\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFB\xFA\xF9\xF8"
-    s.unpack('q*')
-    # => [578437695752307201, -506097522914230529]
-
-- <tt>'Q'</tt> - 64-bit unsigned integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>uint64_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [578437695752307201, 17940646550795321087].pack('Q*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\a\b\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFB\xFA\xF9\xF8"
-    s.unpack('Q*')
-    # => [578437695752307201, 17940646550795321087]
-
-=== Platform-Dependent \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'i'</tt> - Platform-dependent width signed integer,
-  native-endian (like C <tt>int</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('i*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
-    s.unpack('i*')
-    # => [67305985, -50462977]
-
-- <tt>'I'</tt> - Platform-dependent width unsigned integer,
-  native-endian (like C <tt>unsigned int</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('I*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC"
-    s.unpack('I*')
-    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
-
-- <tt>'j'</tt> - Pointer-width signed integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>intptr_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, -50462977].pack('j*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"
-    s.unpack('j*')
-    # => [67305985, -50462977]
-
-- <tt>'J'</tt> - Pointer-width unsigned integer, native-endian
-  (like C <tt>uintptr_t</tt>):
-
-    s = [67305985, 4244504319].pack('J*')
-    # => "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFE\xFD\xFC\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-    s.unpack('J*')
-    # => [67305985, 4244504319]
-
-=== Other \Integer Directives
-
-- <tt>'U'</tt> - UTF-8 character:
-
-    s = [4194304].pack('U*')
-    # => "\xF8\x90\x80\x80\x80"
-    s.unpack('U*')
-    # => [4194304]
-
-- <tt>'w'</tt> - BER-encoded integer
-  (see {BER encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#BER_encoding]):
-
-    s = [1073741823].pack('w*')
-    # => "\x83\xFF\xFF\xFF\x7F"
-    s.unpack('w*')
-    # => [1073741823]
-
-=== Modifiers for \Integer Directives
-
-For the following directives, <tt>'!'</tt> or <tt>'_'</tt> modifiers may be
-suffixed as underlying platform’s native size.
-
-- <tt>'i'</tt>, <tt>'I'</tt> - C <tt>int</tt>, always native size.
-- <tt>'s'</tt>, <tt>'S'</tt> - C <tt>short</tt>.
-- <tt>'l'</tt>, <tt>'L'</tt> - C <tt>long</tt>.
-- <tt>'q'</tt>, <tt>'Q'</tt> - C <tt>long long</tt>, if available.
-- <tt>'j'</tt>, <tt>'J'</tt> - C <tt>intptr_t</tt>, always native size.
-
-Native size modifiers are silently ignored for always native size directives.
-
-The endian modifiers also may be suffixed in the directives above:
-
-- <tt>'>'</tt> - Big-endian.
-- <tt>'<'</tt> - Little-endian.
-
-== \Float Directives
-
-Each float directive specifies the packing or unpacking
-for one element in the input or output array.
-
-=== Single-Precision \Float Directives
-
-- <tt>'F'</tt> or <tt>'f'</tt> - Native format:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('F') # => "\x00\x00@@"
-    s.unpack('F')       # => [3.0]
-
-- <tt>'e'</tt> - Little-endian:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('e') # => "\x00\x00@@"
-    s.unpack('e')       # => [3.0]
-
-- <tt>'g'</tt> - Big-endian:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('g') # => "@@\x00\x00"
-    s.unpack('g')       # => [3.0]
-
-=== Double-Precision \Float Directives
-
-- <tt>'D'</tt> or <tt>'d'</tt> - Native format:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('D') # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\b@"
-    s.unpack('D')       # => [3.0]
-
-- <tt>'E'</tt> - Little-endian:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('E') # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\b@"
-    s.unpack('E')       # => [3.0]
-
-- <tt>'G'</tt> - Big-endian:
-
-    s = [3.0].pack('G') # => "@\b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-    s.unpack('G')       # => [3.0]
-
-A float directive may be infinity or not-a-number:
-
-  inf = 1.0/0.0                  # => Infinity
-  [inf].pack('f')                # => "\x00\x00\x80\x7F"
-  "\x00\x00\x80\x7F".unpack('f') # => [Infinity]
-
-  nan = inf/inf                  # => NaN
-  [nan].pack('f')                # => "\x00\x00\xC0\x7F"
-  "\x00\x00\xC0\x7F".unpack('f') # => [NaN]
-
-== \String Directives
-
-Each string directive specifies the packing or unpacking
-for one byte in the input or output string.
-
-=== Binary \String Directives
-
-- <tt>'A'</tt> - Arbitrary binary string (space padded; count is width);
-  +nil+ is treated as the empty string:
-
-    ['foo'].pack('A')    # => "f"
-    ['foo'].pack('A*')   # => "foo"
-    ['foo'].pack('A2')   # => "fo"
-    ['foo'].pack('A4')   # => "foo "
-    [nil].pack('A')      # => " "
-    [nil].pack('A*')     # => ""
-    [nil].pack('A2')     # => "  "
-    [nil].pack('A4')     # => "    "
-
-    "foo\0".unpack('A')      # => ["f"]
-    "foo\0".unpack('A4')     # => ["foo"]
-    "foo\0bar".unpack('A10') # => ["foo\x00bar"] # Reads past "\0".
-    "foo ".unpack('A')       # => ["f"]
-    "foo ".unpack('A4')      # => ["foo"]
-    "foo".unpack('A4')       # => ["foo"]
-
-    russian = "\u{442 435 441 442}" # => "тест"
-    russian.size         # => 4
-    russian.bytesize     # => 8
-    [russian].pack('A')  # => "\xD1"
-    [russian].pack('A*') # => "\xD1\x82\xD0\xB5\xD1\x81\xD1\x82"
-    russian.unpack('A')  # => ["\xD1"]
-    russian.unpack('A2') # => ["\xD1\x82"]
-    russian.unpack('A4') # => ["\xD1\x82\xD0\xB5"]
-    russian.unpack('A*') # => ["\xD1\x82\xD0\xB5\xD1\x81\xD1\x82"]
-
-- <tt>'a'</tt> - Arbitrary binary string (null padded; count is width):
-
-    ["foo"].pack('a')    # => "f"
-    ["foo"].pack('a*')   # => "foo"
-    ["foo"].pack('a2')   # => "fo"
-    ["foo\0"].pack('a4') # => "foo\x00"
-    [nil].pack('a')      # => "\x00"
-    [nil].pack('a*')     # => ""
-    [nil].pack('a2')     # => "\x00\x00"
-    [nil].pack('a4')     # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-
-    "foo\0".unpack('a')     # => ["f"]
-    "foo\0".unpack('a4')    # => ["foo\x00"]
-    "foo ".unpack('a4')     # => ["foo "]
-    "foo".unpack('a4')      # => ["foo"]
-    "foo\0bar".unpack('a4') # => ["foo\x00"] # Reads past "\0".
-
-- <tt>'Z'</tt> - Same as <tt>'a'</tt>,
-  except that null is added or ignored with <tt>'*'</tt>:
-
-    ["foo"].pack('Z*')   # => "foo\x00"
-    [nil].pack('Z*')     # => "\x00"
-
-    "foo\0".unpack('Z*')    # => ["foo"]
-    "foo".unpack('Z*')      # => ["foo"]
-    "foo\0bar".unpack('Z*') # => ["foo"] # Does not read past "\0".
-
-=== Bit \String Directives
-
-- <tt>'B'</tt> - Bit string (high byte first):
-
-    ['11111111' + '00000000'].pack('B*') # => "\xFF\x00"
-    ['10000000' + '01000000'].pack('B*') # => "\x80@"
-
-    ['1'].pack('B0') # => ""
-    ['1'].pack('B1') # => "\x80"
-    ['1'].pack('B2') # => "\x80\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('B3') # => "\x80\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('B4') # => "\x80\x00\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('B5') # => "\x80\x00\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('B6') # => "\x80\x00\x00\x00"
-
-    "\xff\x00".unpack("B*") # => ["1111111100000000"]
-    "\x01\x02".unpack("B*") # => ["0000000100000010"]
-
-    "".unpack("B0")     # => [""]
-    "\x80".unpack("B1") # => ["1"]
-    "\x80".unpack("B2") # => ["10"]
-    "\x80".unpack("B3") # => ["100"]
-
-- <tt>'b'</tt> - Bit string (low byte first):
-
-    ['11111111' + '00000000'].pack('b*') # => "\xFF\x00"
-    ['10000000' + '01000000'].pack('b*') # => "\x01\x02"
-
-    ['1'].pack('b0') # => ""
-    ['1'].pack('b1') # => "\x01"
-    ['1'].pack('b2') # => "\x01\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('b3') # => "\x01\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('b4') # => "\x01\x00\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('b5') # => "\x01\x00\x00"
-    ['1'].pack('b6') # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-
-    "\xff\x00".unpack("b*") # => ["1111111100000000"]
-    "\x01\x02".unpack("b*") # => ["1000000001000000"]
-
-    "".unpack("b0")     # => [""]
-    "\x01".unpack("b1") # => ["1"]
-    "\x01".unpack("b2") # => ["10"]
-    "\x01".unpack("b3") # => ["100"]
-
-=== Hex \String Directives
-
-- <tt>'H'</tt> - Hex string (high nibble first):
-
-    ['10ef'].pack('H*')    # => "\x10\xEF"
-    ['10ef'].pack('H0')    # => ""
-    ['10ef'].pack('H3')    # => "\x10\xE0"
-    ['10ef'].pack('H5')    # => "\x10\xEF\x00"
-
-    ['fff'].pack('H3')    # => "\xFF\xF0"
-    ['fff'].pack('H4')    # => "\xFF\xF0"
-    ['fff'].pack('H5')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('H6')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('H7')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('H8')    # => "\xFF\xF0\x00\x00"
-
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H*')    # => ["10ef"]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H0')    # => [""]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H1')    # => ["1"]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H2')    # => ["10"]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H3')    # => ["10e"]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H4')    # => ["10ef"]
-    "\x10\xef".unpack('H5')    # => ["10ef"]
-
-- <tt>'h'</tt> - Hex string (low nibble first):
-
-    ['10ef'].pack('h*') # => "\x01\xFE"
-    ['10ef'].pack('h0') # => ""
-    ['10ef'].pack('h3') # => "\x01\x0E"
-    ['10ef'].pack('h5') # => "\x01\xFE\x00"
-
-    ['fff'].pack('h3') # => "\xFF\x0F"
-    ['fff'].pack('h4') # => "\xFF\x0F"
-    ['fff'].pack('h5') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('h6') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('h7') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00\x00"
-    ['fff'].pack('h8') # => "\xFF\x0F\x00\x00"
-
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h*') # => ["10ef"]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h0') # => [""]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h1') # => ["1"]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h2') # => ["10"]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h3') # => ["10e"]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h4') # => ["10ef"]
-    "\x01\xfe".unpack('h5') # => ["10ef"]
-
-=== Pointer \String Directives
-
-- <tt>'P'</tt> - Pointer to a structure (fixed-length string):
-
-    s = ['abc'].pack('P')  # => "\xE0O\x7F\xE5\xA1\x01\x00\x00"
-    s.unpack('P*')         # => ["abc"]
-    ".".unpack("P")        # => []
-    ("\0" * 8).unpack("P") # => [nil]
-    [nil].pack("P")        # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-
-- <tt>'p'</tt> - Pointer to a null-terminated string:
-
-    s = ['abc'].pack('p')  # => "(\xE4u\xE5\xA1\x01\x00\x00"
-    s.unpack('p*')         # => ["abc"]
-    ".".unpack("p")        # => []
-    ("\0" * 8).unpack("p") # => [nil]
-    [nil].pack("p")        # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-
-=== Other \String Directives
-
-- <tt>'M'</tt> - Quoted printable, MIME encoding;
-  text mode, but input must use LF and output LF;
-  (see {RFC 2045}[https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt]):
-
-    ["a b c\td \ne"].pack('M') # => "a b c\td =\n\ne=\n"
-    ["\0"].pack('M')           # => "=00=\n"
-
-    ["a"*1023].pack('M') == ("a"*73+"=\n")*14+"a=\n"     # => true
-    ("a"*73+"=\na=\n").unpack('M') == ["a"*74]           # => true
-    (("a"*73+"=\n")*14+"a=\n").unpack('M') == ["a"*1023] # => true
-
-    "a b c\td =\n\ne=\n".unpack('M')    # => ["a b c\td \ne"]
-    "=00=\n".unpack('M')    # => ["\x00"]
-
-    "pre=31=32=33after".unpack('M') # => ["pre123after"]
-    "pre=\nafter".unpack('M')       # => ["preafter"]
-    "pre=\r\nafter".unpack('M')     # => ["preafter"]
-    "pre=".unpack('M')              # => ["pre="]
-    "pre=\r".unpack('M')            # => ["pre=\r"]
-    "pre=hoge".unpack('M')          # => ["pre=hoge"]
-    "pre==31after".unpack('M')      # => ["pre==31after"]
-    "pre===31after".unpack('M')     # => ["pre===31after"]
-
-- <tt>'m'</tt> - Base64 encoded string;
-  count specifies input bytes between each newline,
-  rounded down to nearest multiple of 3;
-  if count is zero, no newlines are added;
-  (see {RFC 4648}[https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4648.txt]):
-
-    [""].pack('m')             # => ""
-    ["\0"].pack('m')           # => "AA==\n"
-    ["\0\0"].pack('m')         # => "AAA=\n"
-    ["\0\0\0"].pack('m')       # => "AAAA\n"
-    ["\377"].pack('m')         # => "/w==\n"
-    ["\377\377"].pack('m')     # => "//8=\n"
-    ["\377\377\377"].pack('m') # => "////\n"
-
-    "".unpack('m')       # => [""]
-    "AA==\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00"]
-    "AAA=\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00\x00"]
-    "AAAA\n".unpack('m') # => ["\x00\x00\x00"]
-    "/w==\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF"]
-    "//8=\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF\xFF"]
-    "////\n".unpack('m') # => ["\xFF\xFF\xFF"]
-    "A\n".unpack('m')    # => [""]
-    "AA\n".unpack('m')   # => ["\x00"]
-    "AA=\n".unpack('m')  # => ["\x00"]
-    "AAA\n".unpack('m')  # => ["\x00\x00"]
-
-    [""].pack('m0')             # => ""
-    ["\0"].pack('m0')           # => "AA=="
-    ["\0\0"].pack('m0')         # => "AAA="
-    ["\0\0\0"].pack('m0')       # => "AAAA"
-    ["\377"].pack('m0')         # => "/w=="
-    ["\377\377"].pack('m0')     # => "//8="
-    ["\377\377\377"].pack('m0') # => "////"
-
-    "".unpack('m0')     # => [""]
-    "AA==".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00"]
-    "AAA=".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00\x00"]
-    "AAAA".unpack('m0') # => ["\x00\x00\x00"]
-    "/w==".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF"]
-    "//8=".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF\xFF"]
-    "////".unpack('m0') # => ["\xFF\xFF\xFF"]
-
-- <tt>'u'</tt> - UU-encoded string:
-
-    [""].pack("u")        # => ""
-    ["a"].pack("u")       # => "!80``\n"
-    ["aaa"].pack("u")     # => "#86%A\n"
-
-    "".unpack("u")        # => [""]
-    "#86)C\n".unpack("u") # => ["abc"]
-
-== Offset Directives
-
-- <tt>'@'</tt> - Begin packing at the given byte offset;
-  for packing, null fill or shrink if necessary:
-
-    [1, 2].pack("C@0C")     # => "\x02"
-    [1, 2].pack("C@1C")     # => "\x01\x02"
-    [1, 2].pack("C@5C")     # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02"
-    [*1..5].pack("CCCC@2C") # => "\x01\x02\x05"
-
-  For unpacking, cannot to move to outside the string:
-
-    "\x01\x00\x00\x02".unpack("C@3C") # => [1, 2]
-    "\x00".unpack("@1C")              # => [nil]
-    "\x00".unpack("@2C")              # Raises ArgumentError.
-
-- <tt>'X'</tt> - For packing, shrink for the given byte offset:
-
-    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCXC")    # => "\x00\x02"
-    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCX2C")   # => "\x02"
-
-  For unpacking; rewind unpacking position for the given byte offset:
-
-    "\x00\x02".unpack("CCXC") # => [0, 2, 2]
-
-  Cannot to move to outside the string:
-
-    [0, 1, 2].pack("CCX3C")   # Raises ArgumentError.
-    "\x00\x02".unpack("CX3C") # Raises ArgumentError.
-
-- <tt>'x'</tt> - Begin packing at after the given byte offset;
-  for packing, null fill if necessary:
-
-    [].pack("x0")                # => ""
-    [].pack("x")                 # => "\x00"
-    [].pack("x8")                # => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-
-  For unpacking, cannot to move to outside the string:
-
-    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("CxC") # => [0, 2]
-    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x3C") # => [nil]
-    "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x4C") # Raises ArgumentError
diff --git a/doc/ractor.md b/doc/ractor.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a1cff4e7b..0000000000
--- a/doc/ractor.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,951 +0,0 @@
-# Ractor - Ruby's Actor-like concurrent abstraction
-
-Ractor is designed to provide a parallel execution feature of Ruby without thread-safety concerns.
-
-## Summary
-
-### Multiple Ractors in an interpreter process
-
-You can make multiple Ractors and they run in parallel.
-
-* `Ractor.new{ expr }` creates a new Ractor and `expr` is run in parallel on a parallel computer.
-* Interpreter invokes with the first Ractor (called *main Ractor*).
-* If main Ractor terminated, all Ractors receive terminate request like Threads (if main thread (first invoked Thread), Ruby interpreter sends all running threads to terminate execution).
-* Each Ractor has 1 or more Threads.
-  * Threads in a Ractor shares a Ractor-wide global lock like GIL (GVL in MRI terminology), so they can't run in parallel (without releasing GVL explicitly in C-level). Threads in different ractors run in parallel.
-  * The overhead of creating a Ractor is similar to overhead of one Thread creation.
-
-### Limited sharing between multiple ractors
-
-Ractors don't share everything, unlike threads.
-
-* Most objects are *Unshareable objects*, so you don't need to care about thread-safety problems which are caused by sharing.
-* Some objects are *Shareable objects*.
-  * Immutable objects: frozen objects which don't refer to unshareable-objects.
-    * `i = 123`: `i` is an immutable object.
-    * `s = "str".freeze`: `s` is an immutable object.
-    * `a = [1, [2], 3].freeze`: `a` is not an immutable object because `a` refers unshareable-object `[2]` (which is not frozen).
-    * `h = {c: Object}.freeze`: `h` is an immutable object because `h` refers Symbol `:c` and shareable `Object` class object which is not frozen.
-  * Class/Module objects
-  * Special shareable objects
-    * Ractor object itself.
-    * And more...
-
-### Two-types communication between Ractors
-
-Ractors communicate with each other and synchronize the execution by message exchanging between Ractors. There are two message exchange protocols: push type (message passing) and pull type.
-
-* Push type message passing: `Ractor#send(obj)` and `Ractor.receive()` pair.
-  * Sender ractor passes the `obj` to the ractor `r` by `r.send(obj)` and receiver ractor receives the message with `Ractor.receive`.
-  * Sender knows the destination Ractor `r` and the receiver does not know the sender (accept all messages from any ractors).
-  * Receiver has infinite queue and sender enqueues the message. Sender doesn't block to put message into this queue.
-  * This type of message exchanging is employed by many other Actor-based languages.
-  * `Ractor.receive_if{ filter_expr }` is a variant of `Ractor.receive` to select a message.
-* Pull type communication: `Ractor.yield(obj)` and `Ractor#take()` pair.
-  * Sender ractor declare to yield the `obj` by `Ractor.yield(obj)` and receiver Ractor take it with `r.take`.
-  * Sender doesn't know a destination Ractor and receiver knows the sender Ractor `r`.
-  * Sender or receiver will block if there is no other side.
-
-### Copy & Move semantics to send messages
-
-To send unshareable objects as messages, objects are copied or moved.
-
-* Copy: use deep-copy.
-* Move: move membership.
-  * Sender can not access the moved object after moving the object.
-  * Guarantee that at least only 1 Ractor can access the object.
-
-### Thread-safety
-
-Ractor helps to write a thread-safe concurrent program, but we can make thread-unsafe programs with Ractors.
-
-* GOOD: Sharing limitation
-  * Most objects are unshareable, so we can't make data-racy and race-conditional programs.
-  * Shareable objects are protected by an interpreter or locking mechanism.
-* BAD: Class/Module can violate this assumption
-  * To make it compatible with old behavior, classes and modules can introduce data-race and so on.
-  * Ruby programmers should take care if they modify class/module objects on multi Ractor programs.
-* BAD: Ractor can't solve all thread-safety problems
-  * There are several blocking operations (waiting send, waiting yield and waiting take) so you can make a program which has dead-lock and live-lock issues.
-  * Some kind of shareable objects can introduce transactions (STM, for example). However, misusing transactions will generate inconsistent state.
-
-Without Ractor, we need to trace all state-mutations to debug thread-safety issues.
-With Ractor, you can concentrate on suspicious code which are shared with Ractors.
-
-## Creation and termination
-
-### `Ractor.new`
-
-* `Ractor.new{ expr }` generates another Ractor.
-
-```ruby
-# Ractor.new with a block creates new Ractor
-r = Ractor.new do
-  # This block will be run in parallel with other ractors
-end
-
-# You can name a Ractor with `name:` argument.
-r = Ractor.new name: 'test-name' do
-end
-
-# and Ractor#name returns its name.
-r.name #=> 'test-name'
-```
-
-### Given block isolation
-
-The Ractor executes given `expr` in a given block.
-Given block will be isolated from outer scope by the `Proc#isolate` method (not exposed yet for Ruby users). To prevent sharing unshareable objects between ractors, block outer-variables, `self` and other information are isolated.
-
-`Proc#isolate` is called at Ractor creation time (when `Ractor.new` is called). If given Proc object is not able to isolate because of outer variables and so on, an error will be raised.
-
-```ruby
-begin
-  a = true
-  r = Ractor.new do
-    a #=> ArgumentError because this block accesses `a`.
-  end
-  r.take # see later
-rescue ArgumentError
-end
-```
-
-* The `self` of the given block is the `Ractor` object itself.
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  p self.class #=> Ractor
-  self.object_id
-end
-r.take == self.object_id #=> false
-```
-
-Passed arguments to `Ractor.new()` becomes block parameters for the given block. However, an interpreter does not pass the parameter object references, but send them as messages (see below for details).
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
-  msg #=> 'ok'
-end
-r.take #=> 'ok'
-```
-
-```ruby
-# almost similar to the last example
-r = Ractor.new do
-  msg = Ractor.receive
-  msg
-end
-r.send 'ok'
-r.take #=> 'ok'
-```
-
-### An execution result of given block
-
-Return value of the given block becomes an outgoing message (see below for details).
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  'ok'
-end
-r.take #=> `ok`
-```
-
-```ruby
-# almost similar to the last example
-r = Ractor.new do
-  Ractor.yield 'ok'
-end
-r.take #=> 'ok'
-```
-
-Error in the given block will be propagated to the receiver of an outgoing message.
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred to the receiver
-end
-
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
-  e.cause.class   #=> RuntimeError
-  e.cause.message #=> 'ok'
-  e.ractor        #=> r
-end
-```
-
-## Communication between Ractors
-
-Communication between Ractors is achieved by sending and receiving messages. There are two ways to communicate with each other.
-
-* (1) Message sending/receiving
-  * (1-1) push type send/receive (sender knows receiver). Similar to the Actor model.
-  * (1-2) pull type yield/take (receiver knows sender).
-* (2) Using shareable container objects
-  * Ractor::TVar gem ([ko1/ractor-tvar](https://github.com/ko1/ractor-tvar))
-  * more?
-
-Users can control program execution timing with (1), but should not control with (2) (only manage as critical section).
-
-For message sending and receiving, there are two types of APIs: push type and pull type.
-
-* (1-1) send/receive (push type)
-  * `Ractor#send(obj)` (`Ractor#<<(obj)` is an alias) send a message to the Ractor's incoming port. Incoming port is connected to the infinite size incoming queue so `Ractor#send` will never block.
-  * `Ractor.receive` dequeue a message from its own incoming queue. If the incoming queue is empty, `Ractor.receive` calling will block.
-  * `Ractor.receive_if{|msg| filter_expr }` is variant of `Ractor.receive`. `receive_if` only receives a message which `filter_expr` is true (So `Ractor.receive` is the same as `Ractor.receive_if{ true }`.
-* (1-2) yield/take (pull type)
-  * `Ractor.yield(obj)` send an message to a Ractor which are calling `Ractor#take` via outgoing port . If no Ractors are waiting for it, the `Ractor.yield(obj)` will block. If multiple Ractors are waiting for `Ractor.yield(obj)`, only one Ractor can receive the message.
-  * `Ractor#take` receives a message which is waiting by `Ractor.yield(obj)` method from the specified Ractor. If the Ractor does not call `Ractor.yield` yet, the `Ractor#take` call will block.
-* `Ractor.select()` can wait for the success of `take`, `yield` and `receive`.
-* You can close the incoming port or outgoing port.
-  * You can close then with `Ractor#close_incoming` and `Ractor#close_outgoing`.
-  * If the incoming port is closed for a Ractor, you can't `send` to the Ractor. If `Ractor.receive` is blocked for the closed incoming port, then it will raise an exception.
-  * If the outgoing port is closed for a Ractor, you can't call `Ractor#take` and `Ractor.yield` on the Ractor. If ractors are blocking by `Ractor#take` or `Ractor.yield`, closing outgoing port will raise an exception on these blocking ractors.
-  * When a Ractor is terminated, the Ractor's ports are closed.
-* There are 3 ways to send an object as a message
-  * (1) Send a reference: Sending a shareable object, send only a reference to the object (fast)
-  * (2) Copy an object: Sending an unshareable object by copying an object deeply (slow). Note that you can not send an object which does not support deep copy. Some `T_DATA` objects (objects whose class is defined in a C extension, such as `StringIO`) are not supported.
-  * (3) Move an object: Sending an unshareable object reference with a membership. Sender Ractor can not access moved objects anymore (raise an exception) after moving it. Current implementation makes new object as a moved object for receiver Ractor and copies references of sending object to moved object. `T_DATA` objects are not supported.
-  * You can choose "Copy" and "Move" by the `move:` keyword, `Ractor#send(obj, move: true/false)` and `Ractor.yield(obj, move: true/false)` (default is `false` (COPY)).
-
-### Sending/Receiving ports
-
-Each Ractor has _incoming-port_ and _outgoing-port_. Incoming-port is connected to the infinite sized incoming queue.
-
-```
-                  Ractor r
-                 +-------------------------------------------+
-                 | incoming                         outgoing |
-                 | port                                 port |
-   r.send(obj) ->*->[incoming queue]     Ractor.yield(obj) ->*-> r.take
-                 |                |                          |
-                 |                v                          |
-                 |           Ractor.receive                  |
-                 +-------------------------------------------+
-
-
-Connection example: r2.send obj on r1、Ractor.receive on r2
-  +----+     +----+
-  * r1 |---->* r2 *
-  +----+     +----+
-
-
-Connection example: Ractor.yield(obj) on r1, r1.take on r2
-  +----+     +----+
-  * r1 *---->- r2 *
-  +----+     +----+
-
-Connection example: Ractor.yield(obj) on r1 and r2,
-                    and waiting for both simultaneously by Ractor.select(r1, r2)
-
-  +----+
-  * r1 *------+
-  +----+      |
-              +----> Ractor.select(r1, r2)
-  +----+      |
-  * r2 *------|
-  +----+
-```
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  msg = Ractor.receive # Receive from r's incoming queue
-  msg # send back msg as block return value
-end
-r.send 'ok' # Send 'ok' to r's incoming port -> incoming queue
-r.take      # Receive from r's outgoing port
-```
-
-The last example shows the following ractor network.
-
-```
-  +------+        +---+
-  * main |------> * r *---+
-  +------+        +---+   |
-      ^                   |
-      +-------------------+
-```
-
-And this code can be simplified by using an argument for `Ractor.new`.
-
-```ruby
-# Actual argument 'ok' for `Ractor.new()` will be sent to created Ractor.
-r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
-  # Values for formal parameters will be received from incoming queue.
-  # Similar to: msg = Ractor.receive
-
-  msg # Return value of the given block will be sent via outgoing port
-end
-
-# receive from the r's outgoing port.
-r.take #=> `ok`
-```
-
-### Return value of a block for `Ractor.new`
-
-As already explained, the return value of `Ractor.new` (an evaluated value of `expr` in `Ractor.new{ expr }`) can be taken by `Ractor#take`.
-
-```ruby
-Ractor.new{ 42 }.take #=> 42
-```
-
-When the block return value is available, the Ractor is dead so that no ractors except taken Ractor can touch the return value, so any values can be sent with this communication path without any modification.
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  a = "hello"
-  binding
-end
-
-r.take.eval("p a") #=> "hello" (other communication path can not send a Binding object directly)
-```
-
-### Wait for multiple Ractors with `Ractor.select`
-
-You can wait multiple Ractor's `yield` with `Ractor.select(*ractors)`.
-The return value of `Ractor.select()` is `[r, msg]` where `r` is yielding Ractor and `msg` is yielded message.
-
-Wait for a single ractor (same as `Ractor.take`):
-
-```ruby
-r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
-
-r, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
-r == r1 and obj == 'r1' #=> true
-```
-
-Wait for two ractors:
-
-```ruby
-r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
-r2 = Ractor.new{'r2'}
-rs = [r1, r2]
-as = []
-
-# Wait for r1 or r2's Ractor.yield
-r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
-rs.delete(r)
-as << obj
-
-# Second try (rs only contain not-closed ractors)
-r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
-rs.delete(r)
-as << obj
-as.sort == ['r1', 'r2'] #=> true
-```
-
-\Complex example:
-
-```ruby
-pipe = Ractor.new do
-  loop do
-    Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
-  end
-end
-
-RN = 10
-rs = RN.times.map{|i|
-  Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
-    msg = pipe.take
-    msg # ping-pong
-  end
-}
-RN.times{|i|
-  pipe << i
-}
-RN.times.map{
-  r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
-  rs.delete r
-  n
-}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-```
-
-Multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor.
-
-```ruby
-# Create 10 ractors and they send objects to pipe ractor.
-# pipe ractor yield received objects
-
-pipe = Ractor.new do
-  loop do
-    Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
-  end
-end
-
-RN = 10
-rs = RN.times.map{|i|
-  Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
-    pipe << i
-  end
-}
-
-RN.times.map{
-  pipe.take
-}.sort #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-```
-
-TODO: Current `Ractor.select()` has the same issue of `select(2)`, so this interface should be refined.
-
-TODO: `select` syntax of go-language uses round-robin technique to make fair scheduling. Now `Ractor.select()` doesn't use it.
-
-### Closing Ractor's ports
-
-* `Ractor#close_incoming/outgoing` close incoming/outgoing ports (similar to `Queue#close`).
-* `Ractor#close_incoming`
-  * `r.send(obj)` where `r`'s incoming port is closed, will raise an exception.
-  * When the incoming queue is empty and incoming port is closed, `Ractor.receive` raises an exception. If the incoming queue is not empty, it dequeues an object without exceptions.
-* `Ractor#close_outgoing`
-  * `Ractor.yield` on a Ractor which closed the outgoing port, it will raise an exception.
-  * `Ractor#take` for a Ractor which closed the outgoing port, it will raise an exception. If `Ractor#take` is blocking, it will raise an exception.
-* When a Ractor terminates, the ports are closed automatically.
-  * Return value of the Ractor's block will be yielded as `Ractor.yield(ret_val)`, even if the implementation terminates the based native thread.
-
-Example (try to take from closed Ractor):
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  'finish'
-end
-r.take # success (will return 'finish')
-begin
-  o = r.take # try to take from closed Ractor
-rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-  'ok'
-else
-  "ng: #{o}"
-end
-```
-
-Example (try to send to closed (terminated) Ractor):
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-end
-
-r.take # wait terminate
-
-begin
-  r.send(1)
-rescue Ractor::ClosedError
-  'ok'
-else
-  'ng'
-end
-```
-
-When multiple Ractors are waiting for `Ractor.yield()`, `Ractor#close_outgoing` will cancel all blocking by raising an exception (`ClosedError`).
-
-### Send a message by copying
-
-`Ractor#send(obj)` or `Ractor.yield(obj)` copy `obj` deeply if `obj` is an unshareable object.
-
-```ruby
-obj = 'str'.dup
-r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
-  # return received msg's object_id
-  msg.object_id
-end
-
-obj.object_id == r.take #=> false
-```
-
-Some objects are not supported to copy the value, and raise an exception.
-
-```ruby
-obj = Thread.new{}
-begin
-  Ractor.new obj do |msg|
-    msg
-  end
-rescue TypeError => e
-  e.message #=> #<TypeError: allocator undefined for Thread>
-else
-  'ng' # unreachable here
-end
-```
-
-### Send a message by moving
-
-`Ractor#send(obj, move: true)` or `Ractor.yield(obj, move: true)` move `obj` to the destination Ractor.
-If the source Ractor touches the moved object (for example, call the method like `obj.foo()`), it will be an error.
-
-```ruby
-# move with Ractor#send
-r = Ractor.new do
-  obj = Ractor.receive
-  obj << ' world'
-end
-
-str = 'hello'
-r.send str, move: true
-modified = r.take #=> 'hello world'
-
-# str is moved, and accessing str from this Ractor is prohibited
-
-begin
-  # Error because it touches moved str.
-  str << ' exception' # raise Ractor::MovedError
-rescue Ractor::MovedError
-  modified #=> 'hello world'
-else
-  raise 'unreachable'
-end
-```
-
-```ruby
-# move with Ractor.yield
-r = Ractor.new do
-  obj = 'hello'
-  Ractor.yield obj, move: true
-  obj << 'world'  # raise Ractor::MovedError
-end
-
-str = r.take
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError
-  p str #=> "hello"
-end
-```
-
-Some objects are not supported to move, and an exception will be raised.
-
-```ruby
-r = Ractor.new do
-  Ractor.receive
-end
-
-r.send(Thread.new{}, move: true) #=> allocator undefined for Thread (TypeError)
-```
-
-To achieve the access prohibition for moved objects, _class replacement_ technique is used to implement it.
-
-### Shareable objects
-
-The following objects are shareable.
-
-* Immutable objects
-  * Small integers, some symbols, `true`, `false`, `nil` (a.k.a. `SPECIAL_CONST_P()` objects in internal)
-  * Frozen native objects
-    * Numeric objects: `Float`, `Complex`, `Rational`, big integers (`T_BIGNUM` in internal)
-    * All Symbols.
-  * Frozen `String` and `Regexp` objects (their instance variables should refer only shareable objects)
-* Class, Module objects (`T_CLASS`, `T_MODULE` and `T_ICLASS` in internal)
-* `Ractor` and other special objects which care about synchronization.
-
-Implementation: Now shareable objects (`RVALUE`) have `FL_SHAREABLE` flag. This flag can be added lazily.
-
-To make shareable objects, `Ractor.make_shareable(obj)` method is provided. In this case, try to make sharaeble by freezing `obj` and recursively traversable objects. This method accepts `copy:` keyword (default value is false).`Ractor.make_shareable(obj, copy: true)` tries to make a deep copy of `obj` and make the copied object shareable.
-
-## Language changes to isolate unshareable objects between Ractors
-
-To isolate unshareable objects between Ractors, we introduced additional language semantics on multi-Ractor Ruby programs.
-
-Note that without using Ractors, these additional semantics is not needed (100% compatible with Ruby 2).
-
-### Global variables
-
-Only the main Ractor (a Ractor created at starting of interpreter) can access global variables.
-
-```ruby
-$gv = 1
-r = Ractor.new do
-  $gv
-end
-
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
-  e.cause.message #=> 'can not access global variables from non-main Ractors'
-end
-```
-
-Note that some special global variables are ractor-local, like `$stdin`, `$stdout`, `$stderr`. See [[Bug #17268]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17268) for more details.
-
-### Instance variables of shareable objects
-
-Instance variables of classes/modules can be get from non-main Ractors if the referring values are shareable objects.
-
-```ruby
-class C
-  @iv = 1
-end
-
-p Ractor.new do
-  class C
-     @iv
-  end
-end.take #=> 1
-```
-
-Otherwise, only the main Ractor can access instance variables of shareable objects.
-
-```ruby
-class C
-  @iv = [] # unshareable object
-end
-
-Ractor.new do
-  class C
-    begin
-      p @iv
-    rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-      p $!.message
-      #=> "can not get unshareable values from instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors"
-    end
-
-    begin
-      @iv = 42
-    rescue Ractor::IsolationError
-      p $!.message
-      #=> "can not set instance variables of classes/modules by non-main Ractors"
-    end
-  end
-end.take
-```
-
-
-
-```ruby
-shared = Ractor.new{}
-shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
-
-r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
-  p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
-end
-
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
-  e.cause.message #=> can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors (Ractor::IsolationError)
-end
-```
-
-Note that instance variables for class/module objects are also prohibited on Ractors.
-
-### Class variables
-
-Only the main Ractor can access class variables.
-
-```ruby
-class C
-  @@cv = 'str'
-end
-
-r = Ractor.new do
-  class C
-    p @@cv
-  end
-end
-
-
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue => e
-  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
-end
-```
-
-### Constants
-
-Only the main Ractor can read constants which refer to the unshareable object.
-
-```ruby
-class C
-  CONST = 'str'
-end
-r = Ractor.new do
-  C::CONST
-end
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue => e
-  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
-end
-```
-
-Only the main Ractor can define constants which refer to the unshareable object.
-
-```ruby
-class C
-end
-r = Ractor.new do
-  C::CONST = 'str'
-end
-begin
-  r.take
-rescue => e
-  e.class #=> Ractor::IsolationError
-end
-```
-
-To make multi-ractor supported library, the constants should only refer shareable objects.
-
-```ruby
-TABLE = {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'}
-```
-
-In this case, `TABLE` references an unshareable Hash object. So that other ractors can not refer `TABLE` constant. To make it shareable, we can use `Ractor.make_shareable()` like that.
-
-```ruby
-TABLE = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'} )
-```
-
-To make it easy, Ruby 3.0 introduced new `shareable_constant_value` Directive.
-
-```ruby
-# shareable_constant_value: literal
-
-TABLE = {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'}
-#=> Same as: TABLE = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: 'ko1', b: 'ko2', c: 'ko3'} )
-```
-
-`shareable_constant_value` directive accepts the following modes (descriptions use the example: `CONST = expr`):
-
-* none: Do nothing. Same as: `CONST = expr`
-* literal:
-  * if `expr` consists of literals, replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr)`.
-  * otherwise: replaced to `CONST = expr.tap{|o| raise unless Ractor.shareable?(o)}`.
-* experimental_everything: replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr)`.
-* experimental_copy: replaced to `CONST = Ractor.make_shareable(expr, copy: true)`.
-
-Except the `none` mode (default), it is guaranteed that the assigned constants refer to only shareable objects.
-
-See [doc/syntax/comments.rdoc](syntax/comments.rdoc) for more details.
-
-## Implementation note
-
-* Each Ractor has its own thread, it means each Ractor has at least 1 native thread.
-* Each Ractor has its own ID (`rb_ractor_t::pub::id`).
-  * On debug mode, all unshareable objects are labeled with current Ractor's id, and it is checked to detect unshareable object leak (access an object from different Ractor) in VM.
-
-## Examples
-
-### Traditional Ring example in Actor-model
-
-```ruby
-RN = 1_000
-CR = Ractor.current
-
-r = Ractor.new do
-  p Ractor.receive
-  CR << :fin
-end
-
-RN.times{
-  r = Ractor.new r do |next_r|
-    next_r << Ractor.receive
-  end
-}
-
-p :setup_ok
-r << 1
-p Ractor.receive
-```
-
-### Fork-join
-
-```ruby
-def fib n
-  if n < 2
-    1
-  else
-    fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
-  end
-end
-
-RN = 10
-rs = (1..RN).map do |i|
-  Ractor.new i do |i|
-    [i, fib(i)]
-  end
-end
-
-until rs.empty?
-  r, v = Ractor.select(*rs)
-  rs.delete r
-  p answer: v
-end
-```
-
-### Worker pool
-
-```ruby
-require 'prime'
-
-pipe = Ractor.new do
-  loop do
-    Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
-  end
-end
-
-N = 1000
-RN = 10
-workers = (1..RN).map do
-  Ractor.new pipe do |pipe|
-    while n = pipe.take
-      Ractor.yield [n, n.prime?]
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-(1..N).each{|i|
-  pipe << i
-}
-
-pp (1..N).map{
-  _r, (n, b) = Ractor.select(*workers)
-  [n, b]
-}.sort_by{|(n, b)| n}
-```
-
-### Pipeline
-
-```ruby
-# pipeline with yield/take
-r1 = Ractor.new do
-  'r1'
-end
-
-r2 = Ractor.new r1 do |r1|
-  r1.take + 'r2'
-end
-
-r3 = Ractor.new r2 do |r2|
-  r2.take + 'r3'
-end
-
-p r3.take #=> 'r1r2r3'
-```
-
-```ruby
-# pipeline with send/receive
-
-r3 = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |cr|
-  cr.send Ractor.receive + 'r3'
-end
-
-r2 = Ractor.new r3 do |r3|
-  r3.send Ractor.receive + 'r2'
-end
-
-r1 = Ractor.new r2 do |r2|
-  r2.send Ractor.receive + 'r1'
-end
-
-r1 << 'r0'
-p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r1r2r3"
-```
-
-### Supervise
-
-```ruby
-# ring example again
-
-r = Ractor.current
-(1..10).map{|i|
-  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
-    r.send Ractor.receive + "r#{i}"
-  end
-}
-
-r.send "r0"
-p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
-```
-
-```ruby
-# ring example with an error
-
-r = Ractor.current
-rs = (1..10).map{|i|
-  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
-    loop do
-      msg = Ractor.receive
-      raise if /e/ =~ msg
-      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
-    end
-  end
-}
-
-r.send "r0"
-p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
-r.send "r0"
-p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current) #=> [:receive, "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
-r.send "e0"
-p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
-#=>
-# <Thread:0x000056262de28bd8 run> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
-# Traceback (most recent call last):
-#         2: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
-#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `loop'
-# /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <main>': unhandled exception
-# Traceback (most recent call last):
-#         2: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
-#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:7:in `loop'
-# /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <main>': unhandled exception
-#         1: from /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test.rb:21:in `<main>'
-# <internal:ractor>:69:in `select': thrown by remote Ractor. (Ractor::RemoteError)
-```
-
-```ruby
-# resend non-error message
-
-r = Ractor.current
-rs = (1..10).map{|i|
-  r = Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
-    loop do
-      msg = Ractor.receive
-      raise if /e/ =~ msg
-      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
-    end
-  end
-}
-
-r.send "r0"
-p Ractor.receive #=> "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"
-r.send "r0"
-p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
-[:receive, "r0r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
-msg = 'e0'
-begin
-  r.send msg
-  p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError
-  msg = 'r0'
-  retry
-end
-
-#=> <internal:ractor>:100:in `send': The incoming-port is already closed (Ractor::ClosedError)
-# because r == r[-1] is terminated.
-```
-
-```ruby
-# ring example with supervisor and re-start
-
-def make_ractor r, i
-  Ractor.new r, i do |r, i|
-    loop do
-      msg = Ractor.receive
-      raise if /e/ =~ msg
-      r.send msg + "r#{i}"
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-r = Ractor.current
-rs = (1..10).map{|i|
-  r = make_ractor(r, i)
-}
-
-msg = 'e0' # error causing message
-begin
-  r.send msg
-  p Ractor.select(*rs, Ractor.current)
-rescue Ractor::RemoteError
-  r = rs[-1] = make_ractor(rs[-2], rs.size-1)
-  msg = 'x0'
-  retry
-end
-
-#=> [:receive, "x0r9r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1"]
-```
diff --git a/doc/rdoc/markup_reference.rb b/doc/rdoc/markup_reference.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ee585b2497..0000000000
--- a/doc/rdoc/markup_reference.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1281 +0,0 @@
-require 'rdoc'
-
-# \Class \RDoc::MarkupReference exists only to provide a suitable home
-# for a reference document for \RDoc markup.
-#
-# All objects defined in this class -- classes, modules, methods, aliases,
-# attributes, and constants -- are solely for illustrating \RDoc markup,
-# and have no other legitimate use.
-#
-# == About the Examples
-#
-# - Examples in this reference are Ruby code and comments;
-#   certain differences from other sources
-#   (such as C code and comments) are noted.
-# - Almost all examples on this page are all RDoc-like;
-#   that is, they have no explicit comment markers like Ruby <tt>#</tt>
-#   or C <tt>/* ... */</tt>.
-# - An example that shows rendered HTML output
-#   displays that output in a blockquote:
-#
-#   >>>
-#     Some stuff
-#
-# == \RDoc Sources
-#
-# The sources of \RDoc documentation vary according to the type of file:
-#
-# - <tt>.rb</tt> (Ruby code file):
-#
-#   - Markup may be found in Ruby comments:
-#     A comment that immediately precedes the definition
-#     of a Ruby class, module, method, alias, constant, or attribute
-#     becomes the documentation for that defined object.
-#   - An \RDoc directive may be found in:
-#
-#     - A trailing comment (on the same line as code);
-#       see <tt>:nodoc:</tt>, <tt>:doc:</tt>, and <tt>:notnew:</tt>.
-#     - A single-line comment;
-#       see other {Directives}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Directives].
-#
-#   - Documentation may be derived from the Ruby code itself;
-#     see {Documentation Derived from Ruby Code}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Documentation+Derived+from+Ruby+Code].
-#
-# - <tt>.c</tt> (C code file): markup is parsed from C comments.
-#   A comment that immediately precedes
-#   a function that implements a Ruby method,
-#   or otherwise immediately precedes the definition of a Ruby object,
-#   becomes the documentation for that object.
-# - <tt>.rdoc</tt> (\RDoc markup text file) or <tt>.md</tt> (\RDoc markdown text file):
-#   markup is parsed from the entire file.
-#   The text is not associated with any code object,
-#   but may (depending on how the documentation is built)
-#   become a separate page.
-#
-# An <i>RDoc document</i>:
-#
-# - A (possibly multi-line) comment in a Ruby or C file
-#   that generates \RDoc documentation (as above).
-# - The entire markup (<tt>.rdoc</tt>) file or markdown (<tt>.md</tt>) file
-#   (which is usually multi-line).
-#
-# === Blocks
-#
-# It's convenient to think of an \RDoc document as a sequence of _blocks_
-# of various types (details at the links):
-#
-# - {Paragraph}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Paragraphs]:
-#   an ordinary paragraph.
-# - {Verbatim text block}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Verbatim+Text+Blocks]:
-#   a block of text to be rendered literally.
-# - {Code block}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Code+Blocks]:
-#   a verbatim text block containing Ruby code,
-#   to be rendered with code highlighting.
-# - {Block quote}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Block+Quotes]:
-#   a longish quoted passage, to be rendered with indentation
-#   instead of quote marks.
-# - {List}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Lists]: items for
-#   a bullet list, numbered list, lettered list, or labeled list.
-# - {Heading}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings]:
-#   a heading.
-# - {Horizontal rule}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Horizontal+Rules]:
-#   a line across the rendered page.
-# - {Directive}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Directives]:
-#   various special directions for the rendering.
-# - {Text Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc:MarkupReference@Text+Markup]:
-#   text to be rendered in a special way.
-#
-# About the blocks:
-#
-# - Except for a paragraph, a block is distinguished by its indentation,
-#   or by unusual initial or embedded characters.
-# - Any block may appear independently
-#   (that is, not nested in another block);
-#   some blocks may be nested, as detailed below.
-# - In a multi-line block,
-#   \RDoc looks for the block's natural left margin,
-#   which becomes the <em>base margin</em> for the block
-#   and is the initial <em>current margin</em> for the block.
-#
-# ==== Paragraphs
-#
-# A paragraph consists of one or more non-empty lines of ordinary text,
-# each beginning at the current margin.
-#
-# Note: Here, <em>ordinary text</em> means text that is <em>not identified</em>
-# by indentation, or by unusual initial or embedded characters.
-# See below.
-#
-# Paragraphs are separated by one or more empty lines.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   \RDoc produces HTML and command-line documentation for Ruby projects.
-#   \RDoc includes the rdoc and ri tools for generating and displaying
-#   documentation from the command-line.
-#
-#   You'll love it.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   \RDoc produces HTML and command-line documentation for Ruby projects.
-#   \RDoc includes the rdoc and ri tools for generating and displaying
-#   documentation from the command-line.
-#
-#   You'll love it.
-#
-# A paragraph may contain nested blocks, including:
-#
-# - {Verbatim text blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Verbatim+Text+Blocks].
-# - {Code blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Code+Blocks].
-# - {Block quotes}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Block+Quotes].
-# - {Lists}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Lists].
-# - {Headings}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings].
-# - {Horizontal rules}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Horizontal+Rules].
-# - {Text Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc:MarkupReference@Text+Markup].
-#
-# ==== Verbatim Text Blocks
-#
-# Text indented farther than the current margin becomes a <em>verbatim text block</em>
-# (or a code block, described next).
-# In the rendered HTML, such text:
-#
-# - Is indented.
-# - Has a contrasting background color.
-#
-# The verbatim text block ends at the first line beginning at the current margin.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-#     This is verbatim text.
-#       Whitespace is honored.     # See?
-#         Whitespace is honored.     # See?
-#
-#     This is still the same verbatim text block.
-#
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-#     This is verbatim text.
-#       Whitespace is honored.     # See?
-#         Whitespace is honored.     # See?
-#
-#     This is still the same verbatim text block.
-#
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-# A verbatim text block may not contain nested blocks of any kind
-# -- it's verbatim.
-#
-# ==== Code Blocks
-#
-# A special case of verbatim text is the <em>code block</em>,
-# which is merely verbatim text that \RDoc recognizes as Ruby code:
-#
-# In the rendered HTML, the code block:
-#
-# - Is indented.
-# - Has a contrasting background color.
-# - Has syntax highlighting.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   Consider this method:
-#
-#     def foo(name = '', value = 0)
-#       @name = name      # Whitespace is still honored.
-#       @value = value
-#     end
-#
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   Consider this method:
-#
-#     def foo(name = '', value = 0)
-#       @name = name      # Whitespace is still honored.
-#       @value = value
-#     end
-#
-# Pro tip:  If your indented Ruby code does not get highlighted,
-# it may contain a syntax error.
-#
-# A code block may not contain nested blocks of any kind
-# -- it's verbatim.
-#
-# ==== Block Quotes
-#
-# You can use the characters <tt>>>></tt> (unindented),
-# followed by indented text, to treat the text
-# as a {block quote}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_quotation]:
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   Here's a block quote:
-#   >>>
-#     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer
-#     commodo quam iaculis massa posuere, dictum fringilla justo pulvinar.
-#     Quisque turpis erat, pharetra eu dui at, sollicitudin accumsan nulla.
-#
-#     Aenean congue ligula eu ligula molestie, eu pellentesque purus
-#     faucibus. In id leo non ligula condimentum lobortis. Duis vestibulum,
-#     diam in pellentesque aliquet, mi tellus placerat sapien, id euismod
-#     purus magna ut tortor.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   Here's a block quote:
-#   >>>
-#     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer
-#     commodo quam iaculis massa posuere, dictum fringilla justo pulvinar.
-#     Quisque turpis erat, pharetra eu dui at, sollicitudin accumsan nulla.
-#
-#     Aenean congue ligula eu ligula molestie, eu pellentesque purus
-#     faucibus. In id leo non ligula condimentum lobortis. Duis vestibulum,
-#     diam in pellentesque aliquet, mi tellus placerat sapien, id euismod
-#     purus magna ut tortor.
-#
-# Note that, unlike verbatim text, single newlines are not honored,
-# but that a double newline begins a new paragraph in the block quote.
-#
-# A block quote may contain nested blocks, including:
-#
-# - Other block quotes.
-# - {Paragraphs}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Paragraphs].
-# - {Verbatim text blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Verbatim+Text+Blocks].
-# - {Code blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Code+Blocks].
-# - {Lists}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Lists].
-# - {Headings}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings].
-# - {Horizontal rules}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Horizontal+Rules].
-# - {Text Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc:MarkupReference@Text+Markup].
-#
-# ==== Lists
-#
-# Each type of list item is marked by a special beginning:
-#
-# - Bullet list item: Begins with a hyphen or asterisk.
-# - Numbered list item: Begins with digits and a period.
-# - Lettered list item: Begins with an alphabetic character and a period.
-# - Labeled list item: Begins with one of:
-#   - Square-bracketed text.
-#   - A word followed by two colons.
-#
-# A list begins with a list item and continues, even across blank lines,
-# as long as list items of the same type are found at the same indentation level.
-#
-# A new list resets the current margin inward.
-# Additional lines of text aligned at that margin
-# are part of the continuing list item.
-#
-# A list item may be continued on additional lines that are aligned
-# with the first line.  See examples below.
-#
-# A list item may contain nested blocks, including:
-#
-# - Other lists of any type.
-# - {Paragraphs}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Paragraphs].
-# - {Verbatim text blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Verbatim+Text+Blocks].
-# - {Code blocks}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Code+Blocks].
-# - {Block quotes}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Block+Quotes].
-# - {Headings}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Headings].
-# - {Horizontal rules}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference@Horizontal+Rules].
-# - {Text Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc:MarkupReference@Text+Markup].
-#
-# ===== Bullet Lists
-#
-# A bullet list item begins with a hyphen or asterisk.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   - An item.
-#   - Another.
-#   - An item spanning
-#     multiple lines.
-#
-#   * Yet another.
-#   - Last one.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   - An item.
-#   - Another.
-#   - An item spanning
-#     multiple lines.
-#
-#   * Yet another.
-#   - Last one.
-#
-# ===== Numbered Lists
-#
-# A numbered list item begins with digits and a period.
-#
-# The items are automatically re-numbered.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   100. An item.
-#   10. Another.
-#   1. An item spanning
-#      multiple lines.
-#
-#   1. Yet another.
-#   1000. Last one.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   100. An item.
-#   10. Another.
-#   1. An item spanning
-#      multiple lines.
-#
-#   1. Yet another.
-#   1000. Last one.
-#
-# ===== Lettered Lists
-#
-# A lettered list item begins with letters and a period.
-#
-# The items are automatically "re-lettered."
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   z. An item.
-#   y. Another.
-#   x. An item spanning
-#      multiple lines.
-#
-#   x. Yet another.
-#   a. Last one.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   z. An item.
-#   y. Another.
-#
-#   x. Yet another.
-#   a. Last one.
-#
-# ===== Labeled Lists
-#
-# A labeled list item begins with one of:
-#
-# - Square-bracketed text: the label and text are on two lines.
-# - A word followed by two colons: the label and text are on the same line.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   [foo] An item.
-#   bat:: Another.
-#   [bag] An item spanning
-#         multiple lines.
-#
-#   [bar baz] Yet another.
-#   bam:: Last one.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   [foo] An item.
-#   bat:: Another.
-#   [bag] An item spanning
-#         multiple lines.
-#
-#   [bar baz] Yet another.
-#   bam:: Last one.
-#
-# ==== Headings
-#
-# A heading begins with up to six equal-signs, followed by heading text.
-# Whitespace between those and the heading text is optional.
-#
-# Examples:
-#
-#   = Section 1
-#   == Section 1.1
-#   === Section 1.1.1
-#   === Section 1.1.2
-#   == Section 1.2
-#   = Section 2
-#   = Foo
-#   == Bar
-#   === Baz
-#   ==== Bam
-#   ===== Bat
-#   ====== Bad
-#   ============Still a Heading (Level 6)
-#   \== Not a Heading
-#
-# A heading may contain only one type of nested block:
-#
-# - {Text Markup}[rdoc-ref:RDoc:MarkupReference@Text+Markup].
-#
-# ==== Horizontal Rules
-#
-# A horizontal rule consists of a line with three or more hyphens
-# and nothing more.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   ---
-#   --- Not a horizontal rule.
-#
-#   -- Also not a horizontal rule.
-#   ---
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   ---
-#   --- Not a horizontal rule.
-#
-#   -- Also not a horizontal rule.
-#   ---
-#
-# ==== Directives
-#
-# ===== Directives for Allowing or Suppressing Documentation
-#
-# - <tt># :stopdoc:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that \RDoc should ignore markup
-#     until next <tt>:startdoc:</tt> directive or end-of-file.
-#
-# - <tt># :startdoc:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that \RDoc should resume parsing markup.
-#
-# - <tt># :enddoc:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that \RDoc should ignore markup to end-of-file
-#     regardless of other directives.
-#
-# - <tt># :nodoc:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appended to a line of code
-#     that defines a class, module, method, alias, constant, or attribute.
-#
-#   - Specifies that the defined object should not be documented.
-#
-#   - For a method definition in C code, it the directive must be in the comment line
-#     immediately preceding the definition:
-#
-#         /* :nodoc: */
-#         static VALUE
-#         some_method(VALUE self)
-#         {
-#             return self;
-#         }
-#
-#     Note that this directive has <em>no effect at all</em>
-#     when placed at the method declaration:
-#
-#         /* :nodoc: */
-#         rb_define_method(cMyClass, "do_something", something_func, 0);
-#
-#     The above comment is just a comment and has nothing to do with \RDoc.
-#     Therefore, +do_something+ method will be reported as "undocumented"
-#     unless that method or function is documented elsewhere.
-#
-#   - For a constant definition in C code, this directive <em>can not work</em>
-#     because there is no "implementation" place for a constant.
-#
-# - <tt># :nodoc: all</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appended to a line of code
-#     that defines a class or module.
-#   - Specifies that the class or module should not be documented.
-#     By default, however, a nested class or module _will_ be documented.
-#
-# - <tt># :doc:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appended to a line of code
-#     that defines a class, module, method, alias, constant, or attribute.
-#   - Specifies the defined object should be documented, even if it otherwise
-#     would not be documented.
-#
-# - <tt># :notnew:</tt> (aliased as <tt>:not_new:</tt> and <tt>:not-new:</tt>):
-#
-#   - Appended to a line of code
-#     that defines instance method +initialize+.
-#   - Specifies that singleton method +new+ should not be documented.
-#     By default, Ruby fakes a corresponding singleton method +new+,
-#     which \RDoc includes in the documentation.
-#     Note that instance method +initialize+ is private, and so by default
-#     is not documented.
-#
-# For Ruby code, but not for other \RDoc sources,
-# there is a shorthand for <tt>:stopdoc:</tt> and <tt>:startdoc:</tt>:
-#
-#   # Documented.
-#   #--
-#   # Not documented.
-#   #++
-#   # Documented.
-#
-# For C code, any of directives <tt>:startdoc:</tt>, <tt>:stopdoc:</tt>,
-# and <tt>:enddoc:</tt> may appear in a stand-alone comment:
-#
-#   /* :startdoc: */
-#   /* :stopdoc: */
-#   /* :enddoc: */
-#
-# ===== Directive for Specifying \RDoc Source Format
-#
-# - <tt># :markup: _type_</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies the format for the \RDoc input;
-#     parameter +type+ is one of: +rdoc+ (the default), +markdown+, +rd+, +tomdoc+.
-#     See {Markup Formats}[rdoc-ref:RDoc::Markup@Markup+Formats].
-#
-# ===== Directives for Method Documentation
-#
-# - <tt># :call-seq:</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies the calling sequence to be reported in the HTML,
-#     overriding the actual calling sequence in the code.
-#     See method #call_seq_directive.
-#
-#   Note that \RDoc can build the calling sequence for a Ruby-coded method,
-#   but not for other languages.
-#   You may want to override that by explicitly giving a <tt>:call-seq:</tt>
-#   directive if you want to include:
-#
-#   - A return type, which is not automatically inferred.
-#   - Multiple calling sequences.
-#
-#   For C code, the directive may appear in a stand-alone comment.
-#
-# - <tt># :args: _arg_names_</tt> (aliased as <tt>:arg:</tt>):
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies the arguments to be reported in the HTML,
-#     overriding the actual arguments in the code.
-#     See method #args_directive.
-#
-# - <tt># :yields: _arg_names_</tt> (aliased as <tt>:yield:</tt>):
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies the yield arguments to be reported in the HTML,
-#     overriding the actual yield in the code.
-#     See method #yields_directive.
-#
-# ===== Directives for Organizing Documentation
-#
-# By default, \RDoc groups:
-#
-# - Singleton methods together in alphabetical order.
-# - Instance methods and their aliases together in alphabetical order.
-# - Attributes and their aliases together in alphabetical order.
-#
-# You can use directives to modify those behaviors.
-#
-# - <tt># :section: _section_title_</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that following methods are to be grouped into the section
-#     with the given <em>section_title</em>,
-#     or into the default section if no title is given.
-#     The directive remains in effect until another such directive is given,
-#     but may be temporarily overridden by directive <tt>:category:</tt>.
-#     See below.
-#
-#   The comment block containing this directive:
-#
-#   - Must be separated by a blank line from the documentation for the next item.
-#   - May have one or more lines preceding the directive.
-#     These will be removed, along with any trailing lines that match them.
-#     Such lines may be visually helpful.
-#   - Lines of text that are not so removed become the descriptive text
-#     for the section.
-#
-#   Example:
-#
-#     # ----------------------------------------
-#     # :section: My Section
-#     # This is the section that I wrote.
-#     # See it glisten in the noon-day sun.
-#     # ----------------------------------------
-#
-#     ##
-#     # Comment for some_method
-#     def some_method
-#       # ...
-#     end
-#
-#   You can use directive <tt>:category:</tt> to temporarily
-#   override the current section.
-#
-# - <tt># :category: _section_title_</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that just one following method is to be included
-#     in the given section, or in the default section if no title is given.
-#     Subsequent methods are to be grouped into the current section.
-#
-# ===== Directive for Including a File
-#
-# - <tt># :include: _filepath_</tt>:
-#
-#   - Appears on a line by itself.
-#   - Specifies that the contents of the given file
-#     are to be included at this point.
-#     The file content is shifted to have the same indentation as the colon
-#     at the start of the directive.
-#
-#     The file is searched for in the directory containing the current file,
-#     and then in each of the directories given with the <tt>--include</tt>
-#     command-line option.
-#
-#   For C code, the directive may appear in a stand-alone comment
-#
-# ==== Text Markup
-#
-# Text markup is metatext that affects HTML rendering:
-#
-# - Typeface: italic, bold, monofont.
-# - Character conversions: copyright, trademark, certain punctuation.
-# - Links.
-# - Escapes: marking text as "not markup."
-#
-# ===== Typeface Markup
-#
-# Typeface markup can specify that text is to be rendered
-# as italic, bold, or monofont.
-#
-# Typeface markup may contain only one type of nested block:
-#
-# - More typeface markup:
-#   italic, bold, monofont.
-#
-# ====== Italic
-#
-# Text may be marked as italic via HTML tag <tt><i></tt> or <tt><em></tt>.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   <i>Italicized words</i> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <i>Italicized words in a block quote</i>.
-#
-#   - <i>Italicized words</i> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <i>Italicized words</i> in a Heading
-#
-#   <i>Italicized passage containing *bold* and +monofont+.</i>
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   <i>Italicized words</i> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <i>Italicized words in a block quote</i>.
-#
-#   - <i>Italicized words</i> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <i>Italicized words</i> in a Heading
-#
-#   <i>Italicized passage containing *bold* and +monofont+.</i>
-#
-# A single word may be italicized via a shorthand:
-# prefixed and suffixed underscores.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   _Italic_ in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     _Italic_ in a block quote.
-#
-#   - _Italic_ in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== _Italic_ in a Heading
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-# >>>
-#   _Italic_ in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     _Italic_ in a block quote.
-#
-#   - _Italic_ in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== _Italic_ in a Heading
-#
-# ====== Bold
-#
-# Text may be marked as bold via HTML tag <tt><b></tt>.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   <b>Bold words</b> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <b>Bold words</b> in a block quote.
-#
-#   - <b>Bold words</b> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <b>Bold words</b> in a Heading
-#
-#   <b>Bold passage containing _italics_ and +monofont+.</b>
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   <b>Bold words</b> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <b>Bold words</b> in a block quote.
-#
-#   - <b>Bold words</b> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <b>Bold words</b> in a Heading
-#
-#   <b>Bold passage containing _italics_ and +monofont+.</b>
-#
-# A single word may be made bold via a shorthand:
-# prefixed and suffixed asterisks.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   *Bold* in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     *Bold* in a block quote.
-#
-#   - *Bold* in a list item.
-#
-#   ===== *Bold* in a Heading
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   *Bold* in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     *Bold* in a block quote.
-#
-#   - *Bold* in a list item.
-#
-#   ===== *Bold* in a Heading
-#
-# ====== Monofont
-#
-# Text may be marked as monofont
-# -- sometimes called 'typewriter font' --
-# via HTML tag <tt><tt></tt> or <tt><code></tt>.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a block quote.
-#
-#   - <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <tt>Monofont words</tt> in heading
-#
-#   <tt>Monofont passage containing _italics_ and *bold*.</tt>
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a block quote.
-#
-#   - <tt>Monofont words</tt> in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== <tt>Monofont words</tt> in heading
-#
-#   <tt>Monofont passage containing _italics_ and *bold*.</tt>
-#
-# A single word may be made monofont by a shorthand:
-# prefixed and suffixed plus-signs.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   +Monofont+ in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     +Monofont+ in a block quote.
-#
-#   - +Monofont+ in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== +Monofont+ in a Heading
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   +Monofont+ in a paragraph.
-#
-#   >>>
-#     +Monofont+ in a block quote.
-#
-#   - +Monofont+ in a list item.
-#
-#   ====== +Monofont+ in a Heading
-#
-# ==== Character Conversions
-#
-# Certain combinations of characters may be converted to special characters;
-# whether the conversion occurs depends on whether the special character
-# is available in the current encoding.
-#
-# - <tt>(c)</tt> converts to (c) (copyright character); must be lowercase.
-#
-# - <tt>(r)</tt> converts to (r) (registered trademark character); must be lowercase.
-#
-# - <tt>'foo'</tt> converts to 'foo' (smart single-quotes).
-#
-# - <tt>"foo"</tt> converts to "foo" (smart double-quotes).
-#
-# - <tt>foo ... bar</tt> converts to foo ... bar (1-character ellipsis).
-#
-# - <tt>foo -- bar</tt> converts to foo -- bar (1-character en-dash).
-#
-# - <tt>foo --- bar</tt> converts to foo --- bar (1-character em-dash).
-#
-# ==== Links
-#
-# Certain strings in \RDoc text are converted to links.
-# Any such link may be suppressed by prefixing a backslash.
-# This section shows how to link to various
-# targets.
-#
-# [Class]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>DummyClass</tt> links to DummyClass.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc::Alias</tt> links to RDoc::Alias.
-#
-#   Note: For poeple want to mark up code (such as class, module,
-#   constant, and method) as "<tt>+code+</tt>" (for interoperability
-#   with other MarkDown parsers mainly), such word that refers a known
-#   code object and is marked up entirely and separately as "monofont"
-#   is also converted to a link.
-#
-#   - <tt>+DummyClass+</tt> links to DummyClass
-#   - <tt>+DummyClass-object+</tt> is not a link.
-#
-# [Module]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>DummyModule</tt> links to DummyModule.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc</tt> links to RDoc.
-#
-# [Constant]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>DUMMY_CONSTANT</tt> links to DUMMY_CONSTANT.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc::Text::MARKUP_FORMAT</tt> links to RDoc::Text::MARKUP_FORMAT.
-#
-# [Singleton Method]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>::dummy_singleton_method</tt> links to ::dummy_singleton_method.
-#   - Off-page<tt>RDoc::TokenStream::to_html</tt> links to RDoc::TokenStream::to_html.
-#
-#   Note: Occasionally \RDoc is not linked to a method whose name
-#   has only special characters. Check whether the links you were expecting
-#   are actually there.  If not, you'll need to put in an explicit link;
-#   see below.
-#
-#   Pro tip: The link to any method is available in the alphabetical table of contents
-#   at the top left of the page for the class or module.
-#
-# [Instance Method]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>#dummy_instance_method</tt> links to #dummy_instance_method.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc::Alias#html_name</tt> links to RDoc::Alias#html_name.
-#
-#     See the Note and Pro Tip immediately above.
-#
-# [Attribute]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>#dummy_attribute</tt> links to #dummy_attribute.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc::Alias#name</tt> links to RDoc::Alias#name.
-#
-# [Alias]
-#
-#   - On-page: <tt>#dummy_instance_alias</tt> links to #dummy_instance_alias.
-#   - Off-page: <tt>RDoc::Alias#new_name</tt> links to RDoc::Alias#new_name.
-#
-# [Protocol +http+]
-#
-#   - Linked: <tt>http://yahoo.com</tt> links to http://yahoo.com.
-#
-# [Protocol +https+]
-#
-#   - Linked: <tt>https://github.com</tt> links to https://github.com.
-#
-# [Protocol +ftp+]
-#
-#   - Linked: <tt>ftp://nosuch.site</tt> links to ftp://nosuch.site.
-#
-# [Protocol +mailto+]
-#
-#   - Linked:  <tt>mailto:/foo@bar.com</tt> links to mailto://foo@bar.com.
-#
-# [Protocol +irc+]
-#
-#   - link: <tt>irc://irc.freenode.net/ruby</tt> links to irc://irc.freenode.net/ruby.
-#
-# [Image Filename Extensions]
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png</tt> is
-#     converted to an in-line HTML +img+ tag, which displays the image in the HTML:
-#
-#     https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png
-#
-#     Also works for +bmp+, +gif+, +jpeg+, and +jpg+ files.
-#
-#     Note: Works only for a fully qualified URL.
-#
-# [Heading]
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>RDoc::RD@LICENSE</tt> links to RDoc::RDoc::RD@LICENSE.
-#
-#   Note that spaces in the actual heading are represented by <tt>+</tt> characters
-#   in the linkable text.
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>RDoc::Options@Saved+Options</tt>
-#     links to RDoc::Options@Saved+Options.
-#
-#   Punctuation and other special characters must be escaped like CGI.escape.
-#
-#   Pro tip: The link to any heading is available in the alphabetical table of contents
-#   at the top left of the page for the class or module.
-#
-# [Section]
-#
-#   See {Directives for Organizing Documentation}[#class-RDoc::MarkupReference-label-Directives+for+Organizing+Documentation].
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>RDoc::Markup::ToHtml@Visitor</tt> links to RDoc::Markup::ToHtml@Visitor.
-#
-#   If a section and a heading share the same name, the link target is the section.
-#
-# [Single-Word Text Link]
-#
-#   Use square brackets to create single-word text link:
-#
-#   - <tt>GitHub[https://github.com]</tt> links to GitHub[https://github.com].
-#
-# [Multi-Word Text Link]
-#
-#   Use square brackets and curly braces to create a multi-word text link.
-#
-#   - <tt>{GitHub home page}[https://github.com]</tt> links to
-#     {GitHub home page}[https://github.com].
-#
-# [<tt>rdoc-ref</tt> Scheme]
-#
-#   A link with the <tt>rdoc-ref:</tt> scheme links to the referenced item,
-#   if that item exists.
-#   The referenced item may be a class, module, method, file, etc.
-#
-#   - Class: <tt>Alias[rdoc-ref:RDoc::Alias]</tt> generates Alias[rdoc-ref:RDoc::Alias].
-#   - Module: <tt>RDoc[rdoc-ref:RDoc]</tt> generates RDoc[rdoc-ref:RDoc].
-#   - Method: <tt>foo[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_instance_method]</tt>
-#     generates foo[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_instance_method].
-#   - Constant: <tt>bar[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference::DUMMY_CONSTANT]</tt>
-#     generates bar[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference::DUMMY_CONSTANT].
-#   - Attribute: <tt>baz[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_attribute]</tt>
-#     generates baz[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_attribute].
-#   - Alias: <tt>bad[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_instance_alias]</tt>
-#     generates bad[rdoc-ref:RDoc::MarkupReference#dummy_instance_alias].
-#
-#   If the referenced item does not exist, no link is generated
-#   and entire <tt>rdoc-ref:</tt> square-bracketed clause is removed
-#   from the resulting text.
-#
-#   - <tt>Nosuch[rdoc-ref:RDoc::Nosuch]</tt> generates Nosuch.
-#
-#
-# [<tt>rdoc-label</tt> Scheme]
-#
-#   [Simple]
-#
-#     You can specify a link target using this form,
-#     where the second part cites the id of an HTML element.
-#
-#     This link refers to the constant +DUMMY_CONSTANT+ on this page:
-#
-#     - <tt>{DUMMY_CONSTANT}[rdoc-label:DUMMY_CONSTANT]</tt>
-#
-#     Thus:
-#
-#     {DUMMY_CONSTANT}[rdoc-label:DUMMY_CONSTANT]
-#
-#   [With Return]
-#
-#     You can specify both a link target and a local label
-#     that can be used as the target for a return link.
-#     These two links refer to each other:
-#
-#     - <tt>{go to addressee}[rdoc-label:addressee:sender]</tt>
-#     - <tt>{return to sender}[rdoc-label:sender:addressee]</tt>
-#
-#     Thus:
-#
-#     {go to addressee}[rdoc-label:addressee:sender]
-#
-#     Some text.
-#
-#     {return to sender}[rdoc-label:sender:addressee]
-#
-# [<tt>link:</tt> Scheme]
-#
-#   - <tt>link:README_rdoc.html</tt> links to link:README_rdoc.html.
-#
-# [<tt>rdoc-image</tt> Scheme]
-#
-#   Use the <tt>rdoc-image</tt> scheme to display an image that is also a link:
-#
-#     # {rdoc-image:path/to/image}[link_target]
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>{rdoc-image:https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png}[https://www.ruby-lang.org]</tt>
-#     displays image <tt>https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png</tt>
-#     as a link to <tt>https://www.ruby-lang.org</tt>.
-#
-#     {rdoc-image:https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png}[https://www.ruby-lang.org]
-#
-#   A relative path as the target also works:
-#
-#   - Link: <tt>{rdoc-image:https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png}[./Alias.html]</tt> links to <tt>./Alias.html</tt>
-#
-#     {rdoc-image:https://www.ruby-lang.org/images/header-ruby-logo@2x.png}[./Alias.html]
-#
-# === Escaping Text
-#
-# Text that would otherwise be interpreted as markup
-# can be "escaped," so that it is not interpreted as markup;
-# the escape character is the backslash (<tt>'\\'</tt>).
-#
-# In a verbatim text block or a code block,
-# the escape character is always preserved:
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-#     This is verbatim text, with an escape character \.
-#
-#   This is not a code block.
-#
-#     def foo
-#       'String with an escape character.'
-#     end
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   This is not verbatim text.
-#
-#     This is verbatim text, with an escape character \.
-#
-#   This is not a code block.
-#
-#     def foo
-#       'This is a code block with an escape character \.'
-#     end
-#
-# In typeface markup (italic, bold, or monofont),
-# an escape character is preserved unless it is immediately
-# followed by nested typeface markup.
-#
-# Example input:
-#
-#   This list is about escapes; it contains:
-#
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with unescaped nested _italic_</tt>.
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with escaped nested \_italic_</tt>.
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with an escape character \</tt>.
-#
-# Rendered HTML:
-#
-# >>>
-#   This list is about escapes; it contains:
-#
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with unescaped nested _italic_</tt>.
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with escaped nested \_italic_</tt>.
-#   - <tt>Monofont text with an escape character \ </tt>.
-#
-# In other text-bearing blocks
-# (paragraphs, block quotes, list items, headings):
-#
-# - A single escape character immediately followed by markup
-#   escapes the markup.
-# - A single escape character followed by whitespace is preserved.
-# - A single escape character anywhere else is ignored.
-# - A double escape character is rendered as a single backslash.
-#
-#   Example input:
-#
-#     This list is about escapes; it contains:
-#
-#     - An unescaped class name, RDoc, that will become a link.
-#     - An escaped class name, \RDoc, that will not become a link.
-#     - An escape character followed by whitespace \ .
-#     - An escape character \that is ignored.
-#     - A double escape character \\ that is rendered
-#       as a single backslash.
-#
-#   Rendered HTML:
-#
-#   >>>
-#     This list is about escapes; it contains:
-#
-#     - An unescaped class name, RDoc, that will become a link.
-#     - An escaped class name, \RDoc, that will not become a link.
-#     - An escape character followed by whitespace \ .
-#     - An escape character \that is ignored.
-#     - A double escape character \\ that is rendered
-#       as a single backslash.
-#
-# == Documentation Derived from Ruby Code
-#
-# [Class]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - \Class name.
-#   - Parent class.
-#   - Singleton methods.
-#   - Instance methods.
-#   - Aliases.
-#   - Constants.
-#   - Attributes.
-#
-# [Module]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - \Module name.
-#   - \Singleton methods.
-#   - Instance methods.
-#   - Aliases.
-#   - Constants.
-#   - Attributes.
-#
-# [Method]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - \Method name.
-#   - Arguments.
-#   - Yielded values.
-#
-#   See #method.
-#
-# [Alias]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - Alias name.
-#   - Aliased name.
-#
-#   See #dummy_instance_alias and #dummy_instance_method.
-#
-# [Constant]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - \Constant name.
-#
-#   See DUMMY_CONSTANT.
-#
-# [Attribute]
-#
-#   By default, \RDoc documents:
-#
-#   - Attribute name.
-#   - Attribute type (<tt>[R]</tt>, <tt>[W]</tt>, or <tt>[RW]</tt>)
-#
-#   See #dummy_attribute.
-#
-class RDoc::MarkupReference
-
-  # Example class.
-  class DummyClass; end
-
-  # Example module.
-  module DummyModule; end
-
-  # Example singleton method.
-  def self.dummy_singleton_method(foo, bar); end
-
-  # Example instance method.
-  def dummy_instance_method(foo, bar); end;
-
-  alias dummy_instance_alias dummy_instance_method
-
-  # Example attribute.
-  attr_accessor :dummy_attribute
-
-  alias dummy_attribute_alias dummy_attribute
-
-  # Example constant.
-  DUMMY_CONSTANT = ''
-
-  # :call-seq:
-  #   call_seq_directive(foo, bar)
-  #   Can be anything -> bar
-  #   Also anything more -> baz or bat
-  #
-  # The <tt>:call-seq:</tt> directive overrides the actual calling sequence
-  # found in the Ruby code.
-  #
-  # - It can specify anything at all.
-  # - It can have multiple calling sequences.
-  #
-  # This one includes <tt>Can be anything -> foo</tt>, which is nonsense.
-  #
-  # Note that the "arrow" is two characters, hyphen and right angle-bracket,
-  # which is made into a single character in the HTML.
-  #
-  # Click on the calling sequence to see the code.
-  #
-  # Here is the <tt>:call-seq:</tt> directive given for the method:
-  #
-  #   :call-seq:
-  #     call_seq_directive(foo, bar)
-  #     Can be anything -> bar
-  #     Also anything more -> baz or bat
-  #
-  def call_seq_directive
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # The <tt>:args:</tt> directive overrides the actual arguments found in the Ruby code.
-  #
-  # Click on the calling sequence to see the code.
-  #
-  def args_directive(foo, bar) # :args: baz
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # The <tt>:yields:</tt> directive overrides the actual yield found in the Ruby code.
-  #
-  # Click on the calling sequence to see the code.
-  #
-  def yields_directive(foo, bar) # :yields: 'bat'
-    yield 'baz'
-  end
-
-  # This method is documented only by \RDoc, except for these comments.
-  #
-  # Click on the calling sequence to see the code.
-  #
-  def method(foo, bar)
-    yield 'baz'
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/doc/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc b/doc/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index a1d7ecc380..0000000000
--- a/doc/regexp/unicode_properties.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-== \Regexps Based on Unicode Properties
-
-The properties shown here are those currently supported in Ruby.
-Older versions may not support all of these.
-
-=== POSIX brackets
-
-- <tt>\p{ASCII}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Alnum}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Alpha}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Blank}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cntrl}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Digit}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Graph}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lower}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Print}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Punct}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Space}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Upper}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Word}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{XDigit}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{XPosixPunct}</tt>
-
-=== Special
-
-- <tt>\p{Any}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Assigned}</tt>
-
-=== Major and General Categories
-
-- <tt>\p{Cased_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{LC}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Close_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pe}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Connector_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Currency_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Dash_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Decimal_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Enclosing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Me}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Final_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pf}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Format}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cf}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Initial_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{L}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Letter_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nl}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Line_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zl}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lowercase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ll}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{M}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Math_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Modifier_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Modifier_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sk}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nonspacing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{N}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Open_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ps}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other}</tt>, <tt>\p{C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Number}</tt>, <tt>\p{No}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Po}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{So}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Paragraph_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zp}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Private_Use}</tt>, <tt>\p{Co}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{P}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Z}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Space_Separator}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Spacing_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Surrogate}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Symbol}</tt>, <tt>\p{S}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Titlecase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Unassigned}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Uppercase_Letter}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lu}</tt>
-
-=== Prop List
-
-- <tt>\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}</tt>, <tt>\p{AHex}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bidi_Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bidi_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Dash}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Deprecated}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dep}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Diacritic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dia}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Extender}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ext}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hex_Digit}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hex}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hyphen}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{IDS_Binary_Operator}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDSB}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{IDS_Trinary_Operator}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDST}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ideographic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ideo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Join_Control}</tt>, <tt>\p{Join_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Logical_Order_Exception}</tt>, <tt>\p{LOE}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Noncharacter_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{NChar}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{OAlpha}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{ODI}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Grapheme_Extend}</tt>, <tt>\p{OGr_Ext}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_ID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{OIDC}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_ID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{OIDS}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{OLower}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Math}</tt>, <tt>\p{OMath}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Other_Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{OUpper}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Pattern_Syntax}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pat_Syn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Pattern_White_Space}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pat_WS}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Prepended_Concatenation_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{PCM}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Quotation_Mark}</tt>, <tt>\p{QMark}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Radical}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Regional_Indicator}</tt>, <tt>\p{RI}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sentence_Terminal}</tt>, <tt>\p{STerm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Soft_Dotted}</tt>, <tt>\p{SD}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Terminal_Punctuation}</tt>, <tt>\p{Term}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Unified_Ideograph}</tt>, <tt>\p{UIdeo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Variation_Selector}</tt>, <tt>\p{VS}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{White_Space}</tt>, <tt>\p{WSpace}</tt>
-
-=== Derived Core Properties
-
-- <tt>\p{Alphabetic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Alpha}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Case_Ignorable}</tt>, <tt>\p{CI}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cased}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Casefolded}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWCF}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Casemapped}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWCM}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Lowercased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWL}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Titlecased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWT}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Changes_When_Uppercased}</tt>, <tt>\p{CWU}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Default_Ignorable_Code_Point}</tt>, <tt>\p{DI}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Base}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Base}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Extend}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Ext}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Link}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gr_Link}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{ID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDC}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{ID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{IDS}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lowercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lower}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Math}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Uppercase}</tt>, <tt>\p{Upper}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{XID_Continue}</tt>, <tt>\p{XIDC}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{XID_Start}</tt>, <tt>\p{XIDS}</tt>
-
-=== Scripts
-
-- <tt>\p{Adlam}</tt>, <tt>\p{Adlm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ahom}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Anatolian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hluw}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Arabic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Arab}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Armenian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Armn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Avestan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Avst}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Balinese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bali}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bamum}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bamu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bassa_Vah}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bass}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Batak}</tt>, <tt>\p{Batk}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bengali}</tt>, <tt>\p{Beng}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bhaiksuki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bhks}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Bopomofo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bopo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Brahmi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Brah}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Braille}</tt>, <tt>\p{Brai}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Buginese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Bugi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Buhid}</tt>, <tt>\p{Buhd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Canadian_Aboriginal}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cans}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Carian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cari}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Caucasian_Albanian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Aghb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Chakma}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cakm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cham}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cherokee}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cher}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Chorasmian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Chrs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Common}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zyyy}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Coptic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Copt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cuneiform}</tt>, <tt>\p{Xsux}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cypriot}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cprt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cypro_Minoan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cpmn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Cyrillic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Cyrl}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Deseret}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dsrt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Devanagari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Deva}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Dives_Akuru}</tt>, <tt>\p{Diak}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Dogra}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dogr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Duployan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Dupl}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Egyptian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Egyp}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Elbasan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Elba}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Elymaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Elym}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ethiopic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ethi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Georgian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Geor}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Glagolitic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Glag}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Gothic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Goth}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grantha}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gran}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Greek}</tt>, <tt>\p{Grek}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Gujarati}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gujr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Gunjala_Gondi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gong}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Gurmukhi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Guru}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Han}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hani}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hangul}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hang}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hanifi_Rohingya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Rohg}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hanunoo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hano}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hatran}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hatr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hebrew}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hebr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Hiragana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hira}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Imperial_Aramaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Armi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Inherited}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zinh}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Inscriptional_Pahlavi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phli}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Inscriptional_Parthian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Prti}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Javanese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Java}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Kaithi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kthi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Kannada}</tt>, <tt>\p{Knda}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Katakana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kana}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Kawi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Kayah_Li}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kali}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Kharoshthi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khar}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Khitan_Small_Script}</tt>, <tt>\p{Kits}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Khmer}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khmr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Khojki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Khoj}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Khudawadi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sind}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lao}</tt>, <tt>\p{Laoo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Latin}</tt>, <tt>\p{Latn}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lepcha}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lepc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Limbu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Limb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Linear_A}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lina}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Linear_B}</tt>, <tt>\p{Linb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lisu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lycian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lyci}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Lydian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lydi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mahajani}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mahj}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Makasar}</tt>, <tt>\p{Maka}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Malayalam}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mlym}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mandaic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mand}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Manichaean}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mani}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Marchen}</tt>, <tt>\p{Marc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Masaram_Gondi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Gonm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Medefaidrin}</tt>, <tt>\p{Medf}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Meetei_Mayek}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mtei}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mende_Kikakui}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mend}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Meroitic_Cursive}</tt>, <tt>\p{Merc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Meroitic_Hieroglyphs}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mero}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Miao}</tt>, <tt>\p{Plrd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Modi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mongolian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mong}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Mro}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mroo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Multani}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mult}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Myanmar}</tt>, <tt>\p{Mymr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nabataean}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nbat}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nag_Mundari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nagm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nandinagari}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nand}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{New_Tai_Lue}</tt>, <tt>\p{Talu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Newa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nko}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nkoo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nushu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Nshu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hmnp}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ogham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ogam}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ol_Chiki}</tt>, <tt>\p{Olck}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Hungarian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hung}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Italic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ital}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_North_Arabian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Narb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Permic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Perm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Persian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Xpeo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Sogdian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sogo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_South_Arabian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sarb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Turkic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Orkh}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Old_Uyghur}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ougr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Oriya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Orya}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Osage}</tt>, <tt>\p{Osge}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Osmanya}</tt>, <tt>\p{Osma}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Pahawh_Hmong}</tt>, <tt>\p{Hmng}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Palmyrene}</tt>, <tt>\p{Palm}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Pau_Cin_Hau}</tt>, <tt>\p{Pauc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Phags_Pa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phag}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Phoenician}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phnx}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Psalter_Pahlavi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Phlp}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Rejang}</tt>, <tt>\p{Rjng}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Runic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Runr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Samaritan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Samr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Saurashtra}</tt>, <tt>\p{Saur}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sharada}</tt>, <tt>\p{Shrd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Shavian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Shaw}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Siddham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sidd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{SignWriting}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sgnw}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sinhala}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sinh}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sogdian}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sogd}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sora_Sompeng}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sora}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Soyombo}</tt>, <tt>\p{Soyo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Sundanese}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sund}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Syloti_Nagri}</tt>, <tt>\p{Sylo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Syriac}</tt>, <tt>\p{Syrc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tagalog}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tglg}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tagbanwa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tagb}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tai_Le}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tale}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tai_Tham}</tt>, <tt>\p{Lana}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tai_Viet}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tavt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Takri}</tt>, <tt>\p{Takr}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tamil}</tt>, <tt>\p{Taml}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tangsa}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tnsa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tangut}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tang}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Telugu}</tt>, <tt>\p{Telu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Thaana}</tt>, <tt>\p{Thaa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Thai}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tibetan}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tibt}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tifinagh}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tfng}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Tirhuta}</tt>, <tt>\p{Tirh}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Toto}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Ugaritic}</tt>, <tt>\p{Ugar}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Unknown}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zzzz}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Vai}</tt>, <tt>\p{Vaii}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Vithkuqi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Vith}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Wancho}</tt>, <tt>\p{Wcho}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Warang_Citi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Wara}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Yezidi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Yezi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Yi}</tt>, <tt>\p{Yiii}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Zanabazar_Square}</tt>, <tt>\p{Zanb}</tt>
-
-=== Blocks
-
-- <tt>\p{In_Adlam}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Aegean_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ahom}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Alchemical_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ancient_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Extended_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arabic_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Armenian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Arrows}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Avestan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Balinese}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bamum}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bamum_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Basic_Latin}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bassa_Vah}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Batak}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bengali}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bhaiksuki}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Block_Elements}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bopomofo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Bopomofo_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Box_Drawing}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Brahmi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Braille_Patterns}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Buginese}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Buhid}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Strokes}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Carian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Caucasian_Albanian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Chakma}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cham}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cherokee}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cherokee_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Chess_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Chorasmian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Combining_Half_Marks}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Control_Pictures}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Coptic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Counting_Rod_Numerals}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cuneiform}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Currency_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cypriot_Syllabary}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cypro_Minoan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Extended_D}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Cyrillic_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Deseret}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Devanagari_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Dingbats}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Dives_Akuru}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Dogra}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Domino_Tiles}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Duployan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Elbasan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Elymaic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Emoticons}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ethiopic_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_General_Punctuation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Geometric_Shapes}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Georgian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Georgian_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Georgian_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Glagolitic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Glagolitic_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Gothic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Grantha}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Greek_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Greek_and_Coptic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Gujarati}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Gunjala_Gondi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Gurmukhi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hangul_Syllables}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hanifi_Rohingya}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hanunoo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hatran}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hebrew}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_High_Surrogates}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Hiragana}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_IPA_Extensions}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ideographic_Description_Characters}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Imperial_Aramaic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Inscriptional_Parthian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Javanese}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kaithi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kaktovik_Numerals}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kana_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kanbun}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kangxi_Radicals}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kannada}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Katakana}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kawi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kayah_Li}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Kharoshthi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Khitan_Small_Script}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Khmer}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Khmer_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Khojki}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Khudawadi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lao}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_1_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_Additional}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_D}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_E}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_F}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Latin_Extended_G}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lepcha}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Letterlike_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Limbu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Linear_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Linear_B_Ideograms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Linear_B_Syllabary}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lisu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lisu_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Low_Surrogates}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lycian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Lydian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mahajani}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mahjong_Tiles}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Makasar}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Malayalam}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mandaic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Manichaean}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Marchen}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Masaram_Gondi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mathematical_Operators}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mayan_Numerals}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Medefaidrin}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Meetei_Mayek}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mende_Kikakui}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Meroitic_Cursive}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miao}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Miscellaneous_Technical}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Modi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Modifier_Tone_Letters}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mongolian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mongolian_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Mro}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Multani}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Musical_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Myanmar_Extended_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_NKo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Nabataean}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Nag_Mundari}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Nandinagari}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_New_Tai_Lue}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Newa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_No_Block}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Number_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Nushu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ogham}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ol_Chiki}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Hungarian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Italic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_North_Arabian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Permic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Persian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Sogdian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_South_Arabian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Turkic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Old_Uyghur}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Optical_Character_Recognition}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Oriya}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ornamental_Dingbats}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Osage}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Osmanya}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Pahawh_Hmong}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Palmyrene}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Pau_Cin_Hau}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Phags_pa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Phaistos_Disc}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Phoenician}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Phonetic_Extensions}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Playing_Cards}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Private_Use_Area}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Psalter_Pahlavi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Rejang}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Runic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Samaritan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Saurashtra}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sharada}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Shavian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Shorthand_Format_Controls}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Siddham}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sinhala}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Small_Form_Variants}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Small_Kana_Extension}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sogdian}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sora_Sompeng}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Soyombo}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Specials}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sundanese}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sundanese_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Arrows_C}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Punctuation}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Sutton_SignWriting}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Syloti_Nagri}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Syriac}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Syriac_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tagalog}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tagbanwa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tags}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Le}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Tham}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Viet}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Takri}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tamil}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tamil_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tangsa}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tangut}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tangut_Components}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tangut_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Telugu}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Thaana}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Thai}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tibetan}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tifinagh}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Tirhuta}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Toto}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Ugaritic}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Vai}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Variation_Selectors}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Vedic_Extensions}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Vertical_Forms}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Vithkuqi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Wancho}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Warang_Citi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Yezidi}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Yi_Radicals}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Yi_Syllables}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Zanabazar_Square}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation}</tt>
-
-=== Emoji
-
-- <tt>\p{Emoji}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Emoji_Component}</tt>, <tt>\p{EComp}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Emoji_Modifier}</tt>, <tt>\p{EMod}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}</tt>, <tt>\p{EBase}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Emoji_Presentation}</tt>, <tt>\p{EPres}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Extended_Pictographic}</tt>, <tt>\p{ExtPict}</tt>
-
-=== Graphemes
-
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ}</tt>
-
-=== Derived Ages
-
-- <tt>\p{Age_10_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_11_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_12_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_12_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_13_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_14_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_15_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_1_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_2_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_2_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_3_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_3_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_3_2}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_4_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_4_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_5_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_5_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_5_2}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_6_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_6_1}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_6_2}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_6_3}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_7_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_8_0}</tt>
-- <tt>\p{Age_9_0}</tt>
diff --git a/doc/reline/face.md b/doc/reline/face.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fa916123b..0000000000
--- a/doc/reline/face.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-# Face
-
-With the `Reline::Face` class, you can modify the text color and text decorations in your terminal emulator.
-This is primarily used to customize the appearance of the method completion dialog in IRB.
-
-## Usage
-
-### ex: Change the background color of the completion dialog cyan to blue
-
-```ruby
-Reline::Face.config(:completion_dialog) do |conf|
-  conf.define :default, foreground: :white, background: :blue
-  #                                                     ^^^^^ `:cyan` by default
-  conf.define :enhanced, foreground: :white, background: :magenta
-  conf.define :scrollbar, foreground: :white, background: :blue
-end
-```
-
-If you provide the above code to an IRB session in some way, you can apply the configuration.
-It's generally done by writing it in `.irbrc`.
-
-Regarding `.irbrc`, please refer to the following link: [https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/IRB.html](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/IRB.html)
-
-## Available parameters
-
-`Reline::Face` internally creates SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) code according to the block parameter of `Reline::Face.config` method.
-
-| Key         | Value             | SGR Code (numeric part following "\e[")|
-|:------------|:------------------|-----:|
-| :foreground | :black            | 30   |
-|             | :red              | 31   |
-|             | :green            | 32   |
-|             | :yellow           | 33   |
-|             | :blue             | 34   |
-|             | :magenta          | 35   |
-|             | :cyan             | 36   |
-|             | :white            | 37   |
-|             | :bright_black     | 90   |
-|             | :gray             | 90   |
-|             | :bright_red       | 91   |
-|             | :bright_green     | 92   |
-|             | :bright_yellow    | 93   |
-|             | :bright_blue      | 94   |
-|             | :bright_magenta   | 95   |
-|             | :bright_cyan      | 96   |
-|             | :bright_white     | 97   |
-| :background | :black            | 40   |
-|             | :red              | 41   |
-|             | :green            | 42   |
-|             | :yellow           | 43   |
-|             | :blue             | 44   |
-|             | :magenta          | 45   |
-|             | :cyan             | 46   |
-|             | :white            | 47   |
-|             | :bright_black     | 100  |
-|             | :gray             | 100  |
-|             | :bright_red       | 101  |
-|             | :bright_green     | 102  |
-|             | :bright_yellow    | 103  |
-|             | :bright_blue      | 104  |
-|             | :bright_magenta   | 105  |
-|             | :bright_cyan      | 106  |
-|             | :bright_white     | 107  |
-| :style      | :reset            | 0    |
-|             | :bold             | 1    |
-|             | :faint            | 2    |
-|             | :italicized       | 3    |
-|             | :underlined       | 4    |
-|             | :slowly_blinking  | 5    |
-|             | :blinking         | 5    |
-|             | :rapidly_blinking | 6    |
-|             | :negative         | 7    |
-|             | :concealed        | 8    |
-|             | :crossed_out      | 9    |
-
-- The value for `:style` can be both a Symbol and an Array
-    ```ruby
-      # Single symbol
-      conf.define :default, style: :bold
-      # Array
-      conf.define :default, style: [:bold, :negative]
-    ```
-- The availability of specific SGR codes depends on your terminal emulator
-- You can specify a hex color code to `:foreground` and `:background` color like `foreground: "#FF1020"`. Its availability also depends on your terminal emulator
-
-## Debugging
-
-You can see the current Face configuration by `Reline::Face.configs` method
-
-Example:
-
-```ruby
-irb(main):001:0> Reline::Face.configs
-=>
-{:default=>
-  {:default=>{:style=>:reset, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m"},
-   :enhanced=>{:style=>:reset, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m"},
-   :scrollbar=>{:style=>:reset, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m"}},
- :completion_dialog=>
-  {:default=>{:foreground=>:white, :background=>:cyan, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m\e[37;46m"},
-   :enhanced=>{:foreground=>:white, :background=>:magenta, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m\e[37;45m"},
-   :scrollbar=>{:foreground=>:white, :background=>:cyan, :escape_sequence=>"\e[0m\e[37;46m"}}}
-```
-
-## 256-Color and TrueColor
-
-Reline will automatically detect if your terminal emulator supports truecolor with `ENV['COLORTERM] in 'truecolor' | '24bit'`. When this env is not set, Reline will fallback to 256-color.
-If your terminal emulator supports truecolor but does not set COLORTERM env, add this line to `.irbrc`.
-```ruby
-Reline::Face.force_truecolor
-```
diff --git a/doc/ruby/option_dump.md b/doc/ruby/option_dump.md
deleted file mode 100644
index a156484bf6..0000000000
--- a/doc/ruby/option_dump.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-# Option `--dump`
-
-For other argument values,
-see {Option --dump}[options_md.html#label--dump-3A+Dump+Items].
-
-For the examples here, we use this program:
-
-```console
-$ cat t.rb
-puts 'Foo'
-```
-
-The supported dump items:
-
-- `insns`: Instruction sequences:
-
-    ```sh
-    $ ruby --dump=insns t.rb
-    == disasm: #<ISeq:<main>@t.rb:1 (1,0)-(1,10)> (catch: FALSE)
-    0000 putself                                                          (   1)[Li]
-    0001 putstring                              "Foo"
-    0003 opt_send_without_block                 <calldata!mid:puts, argc:1, FCALL|ARGS_SIMPLE>
-    0005 leave
-    ```
-
-- `parsetree`: {Abstract syntax tree}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree]
-  (AST):
-
-    ```console
-    $ ruby --dump=parsetree t.rb
-    ###########################################################
-    ## Do NOT use this node dump for any purpose other than  ##
-    ## debug and research.  Compatibility is not guaranteed. ##
-    ###########################################################
-
-    # @ NODE_SCOPE (line: 1, location: (1,0)-(1,10))
-    # +- nd_tbl: (empty)
-    # +- nd_args:
-    # |   (null node)
-    # +- nd_body:
-    #     @ NODE_FCALL (line: 1, location: (1,0)-(1,10))*
-    #     +- nd_mid: :puts
-    #     +- nd_args:
-    #         @ NODE_LIST (line: 1, location: (1,5)-(1,10))
-    #         +- nd_alen: 1
-    #         +- nd_head:
-    #         |   @ NODE_STR (line: 1, location: (1,5)-(1,10))
-    #         |   +- nd_lit: "Foo"
-    #         +- nd_next:
-    #             (null node)
-    ```
-
-- `yydebug`: Debugging information from yacc parser generator:
-
-    ```
-    $ ruby --dump=yydebug t.rb
-    Starting parse
-    Entering state 0
-    Reducing stack by rule 1 (line 1295):
-    lex_state: NONE -> BEG at line 1296
-    vtable_alloc:12392: 0x0000558453df1a00
-    vtable_alloc:12393: 0x0000558453df1a60
-    cmdarg_stack(push): 0 at line 12406
-    cond_stack(push): 0 at line 12407
-    -> $$ = nterm $@1 (1.0-1.0: )
-    Stack now 0
-    Entering state 2
-    Reading a token:
-    lex_state: BEG -> CMDARG at line 9049
-    Next token is token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
-    Shifting token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
-    Entering state 35
-    Reading a token: Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 742 (line 5567):
-    $1 = token "local variable or method" (1.0-1.4: puts)
-    -> $$ = nterm operation (1.0-1.4: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 126
-    Reducing stack by rule 78 (line 1794):
-    $1 = nterm operation (1.0-1.4: )
-    -> $$ = nterm fcall (1.0-1.4: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 80
-    Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 292 (line 2723):
-    cmdarg_stack(push): 1 at line 2737
-    -> $$ = nterm $@16 (1.4-1.4: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80
-    Entering state 235
-    Next token is token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
-    Shifting token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
-    Entering state 216
-    Reducing stack by rule 607 (line 4706):
-    -> $$ = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.6: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216
-    Entering state 437
-    Reading a token: Next token is token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
-    Shifting token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
-    Entering state 503
-    Reducing stack by rule 613 (line 4802):
-    $1 = token "literal content" (1.6-1.9: "Foo")
-    -> $$ = nterm string_content (1.6-1.9: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216 437
-    Entering state 507
-    Reducing stack by rule 608 (line 4716):
-    $1 = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.6: )
-    $2 = nterm string_content (1.6-1.9: )
-    -> $$ = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.9: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235 216
-    Entering state 437
-    Reading a token:
-    lex_state: CMDARG -> END at line 7276
-    Next token is token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
-    Shifting token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
-    Entering state 508
-    Reducing stack by rule 590 (line 4569):
-    $1 = token "string literal" (1.5-1.6: )
-    $2 = nterm string_contents (1.6-1.9: )
-    $3 = token "terminator" (1.9-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm string1 (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 109
-    Reducing stack by rule 588 (line 4559):
-    $1 = nterm string1 (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm string (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 108
-    Reading a token:
-    lex_state: END -> BEG at line 9200
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 586 (line 4541):
-    $1 = nterm string (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm strings (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 107
-    Reducing stack by rule 307 (line 2837):
-    $1 = nterm strings (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm primary (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 90
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 261 (line 2553):
-    $1 = nterm primary (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm arg (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 220
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 270 (line 2586):
-    $1 = nterm arg (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm arg_value (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 221
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 297 (line 2779):
-    $1 = nterm arg_value (1.5-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm args (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 224
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 772 (line 5626):
-    -> $$ = nterm none (1.10-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235 224
-    Entering state 442
-    Reducing stack by rule 296 (line 2773):
-    $1 = nterm none (1.10-1.10: )
-
-    -> $$ = nterm opt_block_arg (1.10-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235 224
-    Entering state 441
-    Reducing stack by rule 288 (line 2696):
-    $1 = nterm args (1.5-1.10: )
-    $2 = nterm opt_block_arg (1.10-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm call_args (1.5-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80 235
-    Entering state 453
-    Reducing stack by rule 293 (line 2723):
-    $1 = nterm $@16 (1.4-1.4: )
-    $2 = nterm call_args (1.5-1.10: )
-    cmdarg_stack(pop): 0 at line 2754
-    -> $$ = nterm command_args (1.4-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 80
-    Entering state 333
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 79 (line 1804):
-    $1 = nterm fcall (1.0-1.4: )
-    $2 = nterm command_args (1.4-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm command (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 81
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 73 (line 1770):
-    $1 = nterm command (1.0-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm command_call (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 78
-    Reducing stack by rule 51 (line 1659):
-    $1 = nterm command_call (1.0-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm expr (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 75
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 39 (line 1578):
-    $1 = nterm expr (1.0-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm stmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 73
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Reducing stack by rule 8 (line 1354):
-    $1 = nterm stmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm top_stmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 72
-    Reducing stack by rule 5 (line 1334):
-    $1 = nterm top_stmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm top_stmts (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 71
-    Next token is token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Shifting token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    Entering state 311
-    Reducing stack by rule 769 (line 5618):
-    $1 = token '\n' (1.10-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm term (1.10-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 71
-    Entering state 313
-    Reducing stack by rule 770 (line 5621):
-    $1 = nterm term (1.10-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm terms (1.10-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 71
-    Entering state 314
-    Reading a token: Now at end of input.
-    Reducing stack by rule 759 (line 5596):
-    $1 = nterm terms (1.10-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm opt_terms (1.10-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2 71
-    Entering state 312
-    Reducing stack by rule 3 (line 1321):
-    $1 = nterm top_stmts (1.0-1.10: )
-    $2 = nterm opt_terms (1.10-1.10: )
-    -> $$ = nterm top_compstmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0 2
-    Entering state 70
-    Reducing stack by rule 2 (line 1295):
-    $1 = nterm $@1 (1.0-1.0: )
-    $2 = nterm top_compstmt (1.0-1.10: )
-    vtable_free:12426: p->lvtbl->args(0x0000558453df1a00)
-    vtable_free:12427: p->lvtbl->vars(0x0000558453df1a60)
-    cmdarg_stack(pop): 0 at line 12428
-    cond_stack(pop): 0 at line 12429
-    -> $$ = nterm program (1.0-1.10: )
-    Stack now 0
-    Entering state 1
-    Now at end of input.
-    Shifting token "end-of-input" (1.10-1.10: )
-    Entering state 3
-    Stack now 0 1 3
-    Cleanup: popping token "end-of-input" (1.10-1.10: )
-    Cleanup: popping nterm program (1.0-1.10: )
-    ```
-
-Additional flags can follow dump items.
-
-- `+comment`: Add comments to AST.
-- `+error-tolerant`: Parse in error-tolerant mode.
-- `-optimize`: Disable optimizations for instruction sequences.
diff --git a/doc/ruby/options.md b/doc/ruby/options.md
deleted file mode 100644
index bfbd2530de..0000000000
--- a/doc/ruby/options.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,724 +0,0 @@
-# Ruby Command-Line Options
-
-## About the Examples
-
-Some examples here use command-line option `-e`,
-which passes the Ruby code to be executed on the command line itself:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts "Hello, World."'
-```
-
-Some examples here assume that file `desiderata.txt` exists:
-
-```console
-$ cat desiderata.txt
-Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
-and remember what peace there may be in silence.
-As far as possible, without surrender,
-be on good terms with all persons.
-```
-
-## Options
-
-### `-0`: Set `$/` (Input Record Separator)
-
-Option `-0` defines the input record separator `$/`
-for the invoked Ruby program.
-
-The optional argument to the option must be octal digits,
-each in the range `0..7`;
-these digits are prefixed with digit `0` to form an octal value.
-
-If no argument is given, the input record separator is `0x00`.
-
-If an argument is given, it must immediately follow the option
-(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`);
-argument values:
-
-- `0`: the input record separator is `''`;
-  see {Special Line Separator Values}[rdoc-ref:IO@Special+Line+Separator+Values].
-- In range `(1..0377)`:
-  the input record separator `$/` is set to the character value of the argument.
-- Any other octal value: the input record separator is `nil`.
-
-Examples:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -0 -e 'p $/'
-"\x00"
-ruby -00 -e 'p $/'
-""
-$ ruby -012 -e 'p $/'
-"\n"
-$ ruby -015 -e 'p $/'
-"\r"
-$ ruby -0377 -e 'p $/'
-"\xFF"
-$ ruby -0400 -e 'p $/'
-nil
-```
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -a}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@a-3A+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields]:
-  Split input lines into fields.
-- {Option -F}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@F-3A+Set+Input+Field+Separator]:
-  Set input field separator.
-- {Option -l}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@l-3A+Set+Output+Record+Separator-3B+Chop+Lines]:
-  Set output record separator; chop lines.
-- {Option -n}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@n-3A+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop]:
-  Run program in `gets` loop.
-- {Option -p}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@p-3A+-n-2C+with+Printing]:
-  `-n`, with printing.
-
-### `-a`: Split Input Lines into Fields
-
-Option `-a`, when given with either of options `-n` or `-p`,
-splits the string at `$_` into an array of strings at `$F`:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -an -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
-["Go", "placidly", "amid", "the", "noise", "and", "the", "haste,"]
-["and", "remember", "what", "peace", "there", "may", "be", "in", "silence."]
-["As", "far", "as", "possible,", "without", "surrender,"]
-["be", "on", "good", "terms", "with", "all", "persons."]
-```
-
-For the splitting,
-the default record separator is `$/`,
-and the default field separator  is `$;`.
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -0}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@0-3A+Set+-24-2F+-28Input+Record+Separator-29]:
-  Set `$/` (input record separator).
-- {Option -F}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@F-3A+Set+Input+Field+Separator]:
-  Set input field separator.
-- {Option -l}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@l-3A+Set+Output+Record+Separator-3B+Chop+Lines]:
-  Set output record separator; chop lines.
-- {Option -n}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@n-3A+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop]:
-  Run program in `gets` loop.
-- {Option -p}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@p-3A+-n-2C+with+Printing]:
-  `-n`, with printing.
-
-### `-c`: Check Syntax
-
-Option `-c` specifies that the specified Ruby program
-should be checked for syntax, but not actually executed:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts "Foo"'
-Foo
-$ ruby -c -e 'puts "Foo"'
-Syntax OK
-```
-
-### `-C`: Set Working Directory
-
-The argument to option `-C` specifies a working directory
-for the invoked Ruby program;
-does not change the working directory for the current process:
-
-```console
-$ basename `pwd`
-ruby
-$ ruby -C lib -e 'puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)'
-lib
-$ basename `pwd`
-ruby
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### `-d`: Set `$DEBUG` to `true`
-
-Some code in (or called by) the Ruby program may include statements or blocks
-conditioned by the global variable `$DEBUG` (e.g., `if $DEBUG`);
-these commonly write to `$stdout` or `$stderr`.
-
-The default value for `$DEBUG` is `false`;
-option `-d` sets it to `true`:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p $DEBUG'
-false
-$ ruby -d -e 'p $DEBUG'
-true
-```
-
-Option `--debug` is an alias for option `-d`.
-
-### `-e`: Execute Given Ruby Code
-
-Option `-e` requires an argument, which is Ruby code to be executed;
-the option may be given more than once:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts "Foo"' -e 'puts "Bar"'
-Foo
-Bar
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-The command may include other options,
-but should not include arguments (which, if given, are ignored).
-
-### `-E`: Set Default Encodings
-
-Option `-E` requires an argument, which specifies either the default external encoding,
-or both the default external and internal encodings for the invoked Ruby program:
-
-```console
-# No option -E.
-$ ruby -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
-[#<Encoding:UTF-8>, nil]
-# Option -E with default external encoding.
-$ ruby -E cesu-8 -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
-[#<Encoding:CESU-8>, nil]
-# Option -E with default external and internal encodings.
-$ ruby -E utf-8:cesu-8 -e 'p [Encoding::default_external, Encoding::default_internal]'
-[#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:CESU-8>]
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option --external-encoding}[options_md.html#label--external-encoding-3A+Set+Default+External+Encoding]:
-  Set default external encoding.
-- {Option --internal-encoding}[options_md.html#label--internal-encoding-3A+Set+Default+Internal+Encoding]:
-  Set default internal encoding.
-
-Option `--encoding` is an alias for option `-E`.
-
-### `-F`: Set Input Field Separator
-
-Option `-F`, when given with option `-a`,
-specifies that its argument is to be the input field separator to be used for splitting:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -an -Fs -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
-["Go placidly amid the noi", "e and the ha", "te,\n"]
-["and remember what peace there may be in ", "ilence.\n"]
-["A", " far a", " po", "", "ible, without ", "urrender,\n"]
-["be on good term", " with all per", "on", ".\n"]
-```
-
-The argument may be a regular expression:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -an -F'[.,]\s*' -e 'p $F' desiderata.txt
-["Go placidly amid the noise and the haste"]
-["and remember what peace there may be in silence"]
-["As far as possible", "without surrender"]
-["be on good terms with all persons"]
-```
-
-The argument must immediately follow the option
-(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`).
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -0}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@0-3A+Set+-24-2F+-28Input+Record+Separator-29]:
-  Set `$/` (input record separator).
-- {Option -a}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@a-3A+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields]:
-  Split input lines into fields.
-- {Option -l}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@l-3A+Set+Output+Record+Separator-3B+Chop+Lines]:
-  Set output record separator; chop lines.
-- {Option -n}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@n-3A+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop]:
-  Run program in `gets` loop.
-- {Option -p}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@p-3A+-n-2C+with+Printing]:
-  `-n`, with printing.
-
-### `-h`: Print Short Help Message
-
-Option `-h` prints a short help message
-that includes single-hyphen options (e.g. `-I`),
-and largely omits double-hyphen options (e.g., `--version`).
-
-Arguments and additional options are ignored.
-
-For a longer help message, use option `--help`.
-
-### `-i`: Set \ARGF In-Place Mode
-
-Option `-i` sets the \ARGF in-place mode for the invoked Ruby program;
-see ARGF#inplace_mode=:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
-nil
-$ ruby -i -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
-""
-$ ruby -i.bak -e 'p ARGF.inplace_mode'
-".bak"
-```
-
-### `-I`: Add to `$LOAD_PATH`
-
-The argument to option `-I` specifies a directory
-to be added to the array in global variable `$LOAD_PATH`;
-the option may be given more than once:
-
-```console
-$ pushd /tmp
-$ ruby -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
-8
-$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.size'
-10
-$ ruby -I my_lib -I some_lib -e 'p $LOAD_PATH.take(2)'
-["/tmp/my_lib", "/tmp/some_lib"]
-$ popd
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### `-l`: Set Output Record Separator; Chop Lines
-
-Option `-l`, when given with option `-n` or `-p`,
-modifies line-ending processing by:
-
-- Setting global variable output record separator `$\`
-  to the current value of input record separator `$/`;
-  this affects line-oriented output (such a the output from Kernel#puts).
-- Calling String#chop! on each line read.
-
-Without option `-l` (unchopped):
-
-```console
-$ ruby -n -e 'p $_' desiderata.txt
-"Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,\n"
-"and remember what peace there may be in silence.\n"
-"As far as possible, without surrender,\n"
-"be on good terms with all persons.\n"
-```
-
-With option `-l' (chopped):
-
-```console
-$ ruby -ln -e 'p $_' desiderata.txt
-"Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,"
-"and remember what peace there may be in silence."
-"As far as possible, without surrender,"
-"be on good terms with all persons."
-```
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -0}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@0-3A+Set+-24-2F+-28Input+Record+Separator-29]:
-  Set `$/` (input record separator).
-- {Option -a}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@a-3A+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields]:
-  Split input lines into fields.
-- {Option -F}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@F-3A+Set+Input+Field+Separator]:
-  Set input field separator.
-- {Option -n}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@n-3A+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop]:
-  Run program in `gets` loop.
-- {Option -p}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@p-3A+-n-2C+with+Printing]:
-  `-n`, with printing.
-
-### `-n`: Run Program in `gets` Loop
-
-Option `-n` runs your program in a `Kernel#gets` loop:
-
-```ruby
-while gets
-  # Your Ruby code.
-end
-```
-
-Note that `gets` reads the next line and sets global variable `$_`
-to the last read line:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -n -e 'puts $_' desiderata.txt
-Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
-and remember what peace there may be in silence.
-As far as possible, without surrender,
-be on good terms with all persons.
-```
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -0}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@0-3A+Set+-24-2F+-28Input+Record+Separator-29]:
-  Set `$/` (input record separator).
-- {Option -a}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@a-3A+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields]:
-  Split input lines into fields.
-- {Option -F}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@F-3A+Set+Input+Field+Separator]:
-  Set input field separator.
-- {Option -l}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@l-3A+Set+Output+Record+Separator-3B+Chop+Lines]:
-  Set output record separator; chop lines.
-- {Option -p}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@p-3A+-n-2C+with+Printing]:
-  `-n`, with printing.
-
-### `-p`: `-n`, with Printing
-
-Option `-p` is like option `-n`, but also prints each line:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -p -e 'puts $_.size' desiderata.txt
-42
-Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
-49
-and remember what peace there may be in silence.
-39
-As far as possible, without surrender,
-35
-be on good terms with all persons.
-```
-
-See also:
-
-- {Option -0}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@0-3A+Set+-24-2F+-28Input+Record+Separator-29]:
-  Set `$/` (input record separator).
-- {Option -a}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@a-3A+Split+Input+Lines+into+Fields]:
-  Split input lines into fields.
-- {Option -F}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@F-3A+Set+Input+Field+Separator]:
-  Set input field separator.
-- {Option -l}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@l-3A+Set+Output+Record+Separator-3B+Chop+Lines]:
-  Set output record separator; chop lines.
-- {Option -n}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@n-3A+Run+Program+in+gets+Loop]:
-  Run program in `gets` loop.
-
-### `-r`: Require Library
-
-The argument to option `-r` specifies a library to be required
-before executing the Ruby program;
-the option may be given more than once:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
-nil
-nil
-$ ruby -r CSV -r JSON -e 'p defined?(JSON); p defined?(CSV)'
-"constant"
-"constant"
-```
-
-Whitespace between the option and its argument may be omitted.
-
-### `-s`: Define Global Variable
-
-Option `-s` specifies that a "custom option" is to define a global variable
-in the invoked Ruby program:
-
-- The custom option must appear _after_ the program name.
-- The custom option must begin with single hyphen (e.g., `-foo`),
-  not two hyphens (e.g., `--foo`).
-- The name of the global variable is based on the option name:
-  global variable `$foo` for custom option`-foo`.
-- The value of the global variable is the string option argument if given,
-  `true` otherwise.
-
-More than one custom option may be given:
-
-```console
-$ cat t.rb
-p [$foo, $bar]
-$ ruby t.rb
-[nil, nil]
-$ ruby -s t.rb -foo=baz
-["baz", nil]
-$ ruby -s t.rb -foo
-[true, nil]
-$ ruby -s t.rb -foo=baz -bar=bat
-["baz", "bat"]
-```
-
-The option may not be used with
-{option -e}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@e-3A+Execute+Given+Ruby+Code]
-
-### `-S`: Search Directories in `ENV['PATH']`
-
-Option `-S` specifies that the Ruby interpreter
-is to search (if necessary) the directories whose paths are in the program's
-`PATH` environment variable;
-the program is executed in the shell's current working directory
-(not necessarily in the directory where the program is found).
-
-This example uses adds path `'tmp/'` to the `PATH` environment variable:
-
-```console
-$ export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
-$ echo "puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)" > /tmp/t.rb
-$ ruby -S t.rb
-ruby
-```
-
-### `-v`: Print Version; Set `$VERBOSE`
-
-Options `-v` prints the Ruby version and sets global variable `$VERBOSE`:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'p $VERBOSE'
-false
-$ ruby -v -e 'p $VERBOSE'
-ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
-true
-```
-
-### `-w`: Synonym for `-W1`
-
-Option `-w` (lowercase letter) is equivalent to option `-W1` (uppercase letter).
-
-### `-W`: Set \Warning Policy
-
-Any Ruby code can create a <i>warning message</i> by calling method Kernel#warn;
-methods in the Ruby core and standard libraries can also create warning messages.
-Such a message may be printed on `$stderr`
-(or not, depending on certain settings).
-
-Option `-W` helps determine whether a particular warning message
-will be written,
-by setting the initial value of global variable `$-W`:
-
-- `-W0`: Sets `$-W` to `0` (silent; no warnings).
-- `-W1`: Sets `$-W` to `1` (moderate verbosity).
-- `-W2`: Sets `$-W` to `2` (high verbosity).
-- `-W`: Same as `-W2` (high verbosity).
-- Option not given: Same as `-W1` (moderate verbosity).
-
-The value of `$-W`, in turn, determines which warning messages (if any)
-are to be printed to `$stdout` (see Kernel#warn):
-
-```console
-$ ruby -W1 -e 'p $foo'
-nil
-$ ruby -W2 -e 'p $foo'
--e:1: warning: global variable '$foo' not initialized
-nil
-```
-
-Ruby code may also define warnings for certain categories;
-these are the default settings for the defined categories:
-
-```rb
-Warning[:experimental] # => true
-Warning[:deprecated]   # => false
-Warning[:performance]  # => false
-```
-
-They may also be set:
-
-```rb
-Warning[:experimental] = false
-Warning[:deprecated]   = true
-Warning[:performance]  = true
-```
-
-You can suppress a category by prefixing `no-` to the category name:
-
-```console
-$ ruby -W:no-experimental -e 'p IO::Buffer.new'
-#<IO::Buffer>
-```
-
-### `-x`: Execute Ruby Code Found in Text
-
-Option `-x` executes a Ruby program whose code is embedded
-in other, non-code, text:
-
-The ruby code:
-
-- Begins after the first line beginning with `'#!` and containing string `'ruby'`.
-- Ends before any one of:
-
-    - End-of-file.
-    - A line consisting of `'__END__'`,
-    - Character `Ctrl-D` or `Ctrl-Z`.
-
-Example:
-
-```console
-$ cat t.txt
-Leading garbage.
-#!ruby
-puts File.basename(Dir.pwd)
-__END__
-Trailing garbage.
-
-$ ruby -x t.txt
-ruby
-```
-
-The optional argument specifies the directory where the text file
-is to be found;
-the Ruby code is executed in that directory:
-
-```console
-$ cp t.txt /tmp/
-$ ruby -x/tmp t.txt
-tmp
-$
-
-```
-
-If an argument is given, it must immediately follow the option
-(no intervening whitespace or equal-sign character `'='`).
-
-### `--backtrace-limit`: Set Backtrace Limit
-
-Option `--backtrace-limit` sets a limit on the number of entries
-to be displayed in a backtrace.
-
-See Thread::Backtrace.limit.
-
-### `--copyright`: Print Ruby Copyright
-
-Option `--copyright` prints a copyright message:
-
-```console
-$ ruby --copyright
-ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2024 Yukihiro Matsumoto
-```
-
-### `--debug`: Alias for `-d`
-
-Option `--debug` is an alias for
-{option -d}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@d-3A+Set+-24DEBUG+to+true].
-
-### `--disable`: Disable Features
-
-Option `--disable` specifies features to be disabled;
-the argument is a comma-separated list of the features to be disabled:
-
-```sh
-ruby --disable=gems,rubyopt t.rb
-```
-
-The supported features:
-
-- `gems`: Rubygems (default: enabled).
-- `did_you_mean`: [`did_you_mean`](https://github.com/ruby/did_you_mean) (default: enabled).
-- `rubyopt`: `RUBYOPT` environment variable (default: enabled).
-- `frozen-string-literal`: Freeze all string literals (default: disabled).
-- `jit`: JIT compiler (default: disabled).
-
-See also {option --enable}[options_md.html#label--enable-3A+Enable+Features].
-
-### `--dump`: Dump Items
-
-Option `--dump` specifies items to be dumped;
-the argument is a comma-separated list of the items.
-
-Some of the argument values cause the command to behave as if a different
-option was given:
-
-- `--dump=copyright`:
-  Same as {option \-\-copyright}[options_md.html#label--copyright-3A+Print+Ruby+Copyright].
-- `--dump=help`:
-  Same as {option \-\-help}[options_md.html#label--help-3A+Print+Help+Message].
-- `--dump=syntax`:
-  Same as {option -c}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@c-3A+Check+Syntax].
-- `--dump=usage`:
-  Same as {option -h}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@h-3A+Print+Short+Help+Message].
-- `--dump=version`:
-  Same as {option \-\-version}[options_md.html#label--version-3A+Print+Ruby+Version].
-
-For other argument values and examples,
-see {Option --dump}[option_dump_md.html].
-
-### `--enable`: Enable Features
-
-Option `--enable` specifies features to be enabled;
-the argument is a comma-separated list of the features to be enabled.
-
-```sh
-ruby --enable=gems,rubyopt t.rb
-```
-
-For the features,
-see {option --disable}[options_md.html#label--disable-3A+Disable+Features].
-
-### `--encoding`: Alias for `-E`.
-
-Option `--encoding` is an alias for
-{option -E}[rdoc-ref:ruby/options.md@E-3A+Set+Default+Encodings].
-
-### `--external-encoding`: Set Default External \Encoding
-
-Option `--external-encoding`
-sets the default external encoding for the invoked Ruby program;
-for values of +encoding+,
-see {Encoding: Names and Aliases}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Names+and+Aliases].
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts Encoding::default_external'
-UTF-8
-$ ruby --external-encoding=cesu-8 -e 'puts Encoding::default_external'
-CESU-8
-```
-
-### `--help`: Print Help Message
-
-Option `--help` prints a long help message.
-
-Arguments and additional options are ignored.
-
-For a shorter help message, use option `-h`.
-
-### `--internal-encoding`: Set Default Internal \Encoding
-
-Option `--internal-encoding`
-sets the default internal encoding for the invoked Ruby program;
-for values of +encoding+,
-see {Encoding: Names and Aliases}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Names+and+Aliases].
-
-```console
-$ ruby -e 'puts Encoding::default_internal.nil?'
-true
-$ ruby --internal-encoding=cesu-8 -e 'puts Encoding::default_internal'
-CESU-8
-```
-
-### `--verbose`: Set `$VERBOSE`
-
-Option `--verbose` sets global variable `$VERBOSE` to `true`
-and disables input from `$stdin`.
-
-### `--version`: Print Ruby Version
-
-Option `--version` prints the version of the Ruby interpreter, then exits.
-
-## Experimental Options
-
-These options are experimental in the current Ruby release,
-and may be modified or withdrawn in later releases.
-
-### `--jit`
-
-Option `-jit` enables JIT compilation with the default option.
-
-#### `--jit-debug`
-
-Option `--jit-debug` enables JIT debugging (very slow);
-adds compiler flags if given.
-
-#### `--jit-max-cache=num`
-
-Option `--jit-max-cache=num` sets the maximum number of methods
-to be JIT-ed in a cache; default: 100).
-
-#### `--jit-min-calls=num`
-
-Option `jit-min-calls=num` sets the minimum number of calls to trigger JIT
-(for testing); default: 10000).
-
-#### `--jit-save-temps`
-
-Option `--jit-save-temps` saves JIT temporary files in $TMP or /tmp (for testing).
-
-#### `--jit-verbose`
-
-Option `--jit-verbose` prints JIT logs of level `num` or less
-to `$stderr`; default: 0.
-
-#### `--jit-wait`
-
-Option `--jit-wait` waits until JIT compilation finishes every time (for testing).
-
-#### `--jit-warnings`
-
-Option `--jit-warnings` enables printing of JIT warnings.
-
diff --git a/doc/security.rdoc b/doc/security.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index e428036cf5..0000000000
--- a/doc/security.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-= Ruby Security
-
-The Ruby programming language is large and complex and there are many security
-pitfalls often encountered by newcomers and experienced Rubyists alike.
-
-This document aims to discuss many of these pitfalls and provide more secure
-alternatives where applicable.
-
-Please check the full list of publicly known CVEs and how to correctly report a
-security vulnerability, at: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/security/
-Japanese version is here: https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/security/
-
-Security vulnerabilities should be reported via an email to
-mailto:security@ruby-lang.org ({the PGP public
-key}[https://www.ruby-lang.org/security.asc]), which is a private mailing list.
-Reported problems will be published after fixes.
-
-== +Marshal.load+
-
-Ruby's +Marshal+ module provides methods for serializing and deserializing Ruby
-object trees to and from a binary data format.
-
-Never use +Marshal.load+ to deserialize untrusted or user supplied data.
-Because +Marshal+ can deserialize to almost any Ruby object and has full
-control over instance variables, it is possible to craft a malicious payload
-that executes code shortly after deserialization.
-
-If you need to deserialize untrusted data, you should use JSON as it is only
-capable of returning 'primitive' types such as strings, arrays, hashes, numbers
-and nil. If you need to deserialize other classes, you should handle this
-manually. Never deserialize to a user specified class.
-
-== YAML
-
-YAML is a popular human readable data serialization format used by many Ruby
-programs for configuration and database persistence of Ruby object trees.
-
-Similar to +Marshal+, it is able to deserialize into arbitrary Ruby classes.
-For example, the following YAML data will create an +ERB+ object when
-deserialized, using the `unsafe_load` method:
-
-  !ruby/object:ERB
-  src: puts `uname`
-
-Because of this, many of the security considerations applying to Marshal are
-also applicable to YAML. Do not use YAML to deserialize untrusted data.
-
-== Symbols
-
-Symbols are often seen as syntax sugar for simple strings, but they play a much
-more crucial role. The MRI Ruby implementation uses Symbols internally for
-method, variable and constant names. The reason for this is that symbols are
-simply integers with names attached to them, so they are faster to look up in
-hashtables.
-
-Starting in version 2.2, most symbols can be garbage collected; these are
-called <i>mortal</i> symbols. Most symbols you create (e.g. by calling
-+to_sym+) are mortal.
-
-<i>Immortal</i> symbols on the other hand will never be garbage collected.
-They are created when modifying code:
-* defining a method (e.g. with +define_method+),
-* setting an instance variable (e.g. with +instance_variable_set+),
-* creating a variable or constant (e.g. with +const_set+)
-C extensions that have not been updated and are still calling `SYM2ID`
-will create immortal symbols.
-Bugs in 2.2.0: +send+ and +__send__+ also created immortal symbols,
-and calling methods with keyword arguments could also create some.
-
-Don't create immortal symbols from user inputs. Otherwise, this would
-allow a user to mount a denial of service attack against your application by
-flooding it with unique strings, which will cause memory to grow indefinitely
-until the Ruby process is killed or causes the system to slow to a halt.
-
-While it might not be a good idea to call these with user inputs, methods that
-used to be vulnerable such as +to_sym+, +respond_to?+,
-+method+, +instance_variable_get+, +const_get+, etc. are no longer a threat.
-
-== Regular expressions
-
-Ruby's regular expression syntax has some minor differences when compared to
-other languages. In Ruby, the <code>^</code> and <code>$</code> anchors do not
-refer to the beginning and end of the string, rather the beginning and end of a
-*line*.
-
-This means that if you're using a regular expression like
-<code>/^[a-z]+$/</code> to restrict a string to only letters, an attacker can
-bypass this check by passing a string containing a letter, then a newline, then
-any string of their choosing.
-
-If you want to match the beginning and end of the entire string in Ruby, use
-the anchors +\A+ and +\z+.
-
-== +eval+
-
-Never pass untrusted or user controlled input to +eval+.
-
-Unless you are implementing a REPL like +irb+ or +pry+, +eval+ is almost
-certainly not what you want. Do not attempt to filter user input before passing
-it to +eval+ - this approach is fraught with danger and will most likely open
-your application up to a serious remote code execution vulnerability.
-
-== +send+
-
-'Global functions' in Ruby (+puts+, +exit+, etc.) are actually private instance
-methods on +Object+. This means it is possible to invoke these methods with
-+send+, even if the call to +send+ has an explicit receiver.
-
-For example, the following code snippet writes "Hello world" to the terminal:
-
-  1.send(:puts, "Hello world")
-
-You should never call +send+ with user supplied input as the first parameter.
-Doing so can introduce a denial of service vulnerability:
-
-  foo.send(params[:bar]) # params[:bar] is "exit!"
-
-If an attacker can control the first two arguments to +send+, remote code
-execution is possible:
-
-  # params is { :a => "eval", :b => "...ruby code to be executed..." }
-  foo.send(params[:a], params[:b])
-
-When dispatching a method call based on user input, carefully verify that the
-method name. If possible, check it against a whitelist of safe method names.
-
-Note that the use of +public_send+ is also dangerous, as +send+ itself is
-public:
-
-  1.public_send("send", "eval", "...ruby code to be executed...")
-
-== DRb
-
-As DRb allows remote clients to invoke arbitrary methods, it is not suitable to
-expose to untrusted clients.
-
-When using DRb, try to avoid exposing it over the network if possible. If this
-isn't possible and you need to expose DRb to the world, you *must* configure an
-appropriate security policy with <code>DRb::ACL</code>.
diff --git a/doc/security/command_injection.rdoc b/doc/security/command_injection.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46e42f7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/security/command_injection.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+= Command Injection
+
+Some Ruby core methods accept string data
+that includes text to be executed as a system command.
+
+They should not be called with unknown or unsanitized commands.
+
+These methods include:
+
+- Kernel.exec
+- Kernel.spawn
+- Kernel.system
+- {\`command` (backtick method)}[rdoc-ref:Kernel#`]
+  (also called by the expression <tt>%x[command]</tt>).
+- IO.popen (when called with other than <tt>"-"</tt>).
diff --git a/doc/security/security.rdoc b/doc/security/security.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af9970d336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/security/security.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+= Ruby Security
+
+The Ruby programming language is large and complex and there are many security
+pitfalls often encountered by newcomers and experienced Rubyists alike.
+
+This document aims to discuss many of these pitfalls and provide more secure
+alternatives where applicable.
+
+Please check the full list of publicly known CVEs and how to correctly report a
+security vulnerability, at: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/security/
+Japanese version is here: https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/security/
+
+Security vulnerabilities should be reported via an email to
+mailto:security@ruby-lang.org ({the PGP public
+key}[https://www.ruby-lang.org/security.asc]), which is a private mailing list.
+Reported problems will be published after fixes.
+
+== +Marshal.load+
+
+Ruby's +Marshal+ module provides methods for serializing and deserializing Ruby
+object trees to and from a binary data format.
+
+Never use +Marshal.load+ to deserialize untrusted or user supplied data.
+Because +Marshal+ can deserialize to almost any Ruby object and has full
+control over instance variables, it is possible to craft a malicious payload
+that executes code shortly after deserialization.
+
+If you need to deserialize untrusted data, you should use JSON as it is only
+capable of returning 'primitive' types such as strings, arrays, hashes, numbers
+and nil. If you need to deserialize other classes, you should handle this
+manually. Never deserialize to a user specified class.
+
+== YAML
+
+YAML is a popular human readable data serialization format used by many Ruby
+programs for configuration and database persistence of Ruby object trees.
+
+Similar to +Marshal+, it is able to deserialize into arbitrary Ruby classes.
+For example, the following YAML data will create an +ERB+ object when
+deserialized, using the +unsafe_load+ method:
+
+  !ruby/object:ERB
+  src: puts `uname`
+
+Because of this, many of the security considerations applying to Marshal are
+also applicable to YAML. Do not use YAML to deserialize untrusted data.
+
+== Symbols
+
+Symbols are often seen as syntax sugar for simple strings, but they play a much
+more crucial role. The MRI Ruby implementation uses Symbols internally for
+method, variable and constant names. The reason for this is that symbols are
+simply integers with names attached to them, so they are faster to look up in
+hashtables.
+
+Most symbols can be garbage collected; these are called _mortal_
+symbols. Most symbols you create (e.g. by calling +to_sym+) are mortal.
+
+_Immortal_ symbols on the other hand will never be garbage collected.
+They are created when modifying code:
+* defining a method (e.g. with +define_method+),
+* setting an instance variable (e.g. with +instance_variable_set+),
+* creating a variable or constant (e.g. with +const_set+)
+C extensions that have not been updated and are still calling +SYM2ID+
+will create immortal symbols.
+
+Don't create immortal symbols from user inputs. Otherwise, this would
+allow a user to mount a denial of service attack against your application by
+flooding it with unique strings, which will cause memory to grow indefinitely
+until the Ruby process is killed or causes the system to slow to a halt.
+
+While it might not be a good idea to call these with user inputs, methods that
+used to be vulnerable such as +to_sym+, +respond_to?+,
++method+, +instance_variable_get+, +const_get+, etc. are no longer a threat.
+
+== Regular expressions
+
+Ruby's regular expression syntax has some minor differences when compared to
+other languages. In Ruby, the <code>^</code> and <code>$</code> anchors do not
+refer to the beginning and end of the string, rather the beginning and end of a
+*line*.
+
+This means that if you're using a regular expression like
+<code>/^[a-z]+$/</code> to restrict a string to only letters, an attacker can
+bypass this check by passing a string containing a letter, then a newline, then
+any string of their choosing.
+
+If you want to match the beginning and end of the entire string in Ruby, use
+the anchors +\A+ and +\z+.
+
+== +eval+
+
+Never pass untrusted or user controlled input to +eval+.
+
+Unless you are implementing a REPL like +irb+ or +pry+, +eval+ is almost
+certainly not what you want. Do not attempt to filter user input before passing
+it to +eval+ - this approach is fraught with danger and will most likely open
+your application up to a serious remote code execution vulnerability.
+
+== +send+
+
+'Global functions' in Ruby (+puts+, +exit+, etc.) are actually private instance
+methods on +Object+. This means it is possible to invoke these methods with
++send+, even if the call to +send+ has an explicit receiver.
+
+For example, the following code snippet writes "Hello world" to the terminal:
+
+  1.send(:puts, "Hello world")
+
+You should never call +send+ with user supplied input as the first parameter.
+Doing so can introduce a denial of service vulnerability:
+
+  foo.send(params[:bar]) # params[:bar] is "exit!"
+
+If an attacker can control the first two arguments to +send+, remote code
+execution is possible:
+
+  # params is { :a => "eval", :b => "...ruby code to be executed..." }
+  foo.send(params[:a], params[:b])
+
+When dispatching a method call based on user input, carefully verify that the
+method name. If possible, check it against a whitelist of safe method names.
+
+Note that the use of +public_send+ is also dangerous, as +send+ itself is
+public:
+
+  1.public_send("send", "eval", "...ruby code to be executed...")
diff --git a/doc/signals.rdoc b/doc/signals.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 403eb66549..0000000000
--- a/doc/signals.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-= Caveats for implementing Signal.trap callbacks
-
-As with implementing signal handlers in C or most other languages,
-all code passed to Signal.trap must be reentrant.  If you are not
-familiar with reentrancy, you need to read up on it at
-{Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrancy_(computing)] or
-elsewhere before reading the rest of this document.
-
-Most importantly, "thread-safety" does not guarantee reentrancy;
-and methods such as Mutex#lock and Mutex#synchronize which are
-commonly used for thread-safety even prevent reentrancy.
-
-== An implementation detail of the Ruby VM
-
-The Ruby VM defers Signal.trap callbacks from running until it is safe
-for its internal data structures, but it does not know when it is safe
-for data structures in YOUR code.  Ruby implements deferred signal
-handling by registering short C functions with only
-{async-signal-safe functions}[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html] as
-signal handlers.  These short C functions only do enough tell the VM to
-run callbacks registered via Signal.trap later in the main Ruby Thread.
-
-== Unsafe methods to call in Signal.trap blocks
-
-When in doubt, consider anything not listed as safe below as being
-unsafe.
-
-* Mutex#lock, Mutex#synchronize and any code using them are explicitly
-  unsafe.  This includes Monitor in the standard library which uses
-  Mutex to provide reentrancy.
-
-* Dir.chdir with block
-
-* any IO write operations when IO#sync is false;
-  including IO#write, IO#write_nonblock, IO#puts.
-  Pipes and sockets default to `IO#sync = true', so it is safe to
-  write to them unless IO#sync was disabled.
-
-* File#flock, as the underlying flock(2) call is not specified by POSIX
-
-== Commonly safe operations inside Signal.trap blocks
-
-* Assignment and retrieval of local, instance, and class variables
-
-* Most object allocations and initializations of common types
-  including Array, Hash, String, Struct, Time.
-
-* Common Array, Hash, String, Struct operations which do not execute a block
-  are generally safe; but beware if iteration is occurring elsewhere.
-
-* Hash#[], Hash#[]= (unless Hash.new was given an unsafe block)
-
-* Thread::Queue#push and Thread::SizedQueue#push (since Ruby 2.1)
-
-* Creating a new Thread via Thread.new/Thread.start can used to get
-  around the unusability of Mutexes inside a signal handler
-
-* Signal.trap is safe to use inside blocks passed to Signal.trap
-
-* arithmetic on Integer and Float (`+', `-', '%', '*', '/')
-
-  Additionally, signal handlers do not run between two successive
-  local variable accesses, so shortcuts such as `+=' and `-=' will
-  not trigger a data race when used on Integer and Float classes in
-  signal handlers.
-
-== System call wrapper methods which are safe inside Signal.trap
-
-Since Ruby has wrappers around many
-{async-signal-safe C functions}[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html]
-the corresponding wrappers for many IO, File, Dir, and Socket methods
-are safe.
-
-(Incomplete list)
-
-* Dir.chdir (without block arg)
-* Dir.mkdir
-* Dir.open
-* File#truncate
-* File.link
-* File.open
-* File.readlink
-* File.rename
-* File.stat
-* File.symlink
-* File.truncate
-* File.unlink
-* File.utime
-* IO#close
-* IO#dup
-* IO#fsync
-* IO#read
-* IO#read_nonblock
-* IO#stat
-* IO#sysread
-* IO#syswrite
-* IO.select
-* IO.pipe
-* Process.clock_gettime
-* Process.exit!
-* Process.fork
-* Process.kill
-* Process.pid
-* Process.ppid
-* Process.waitpid
-...
diff --git a/doc/standard_library.md b/doc/standard_library.md
index a6702bb80f..782db10c37 100644
--- a/doc/standard_library.md
+++ b/doc/standard_library.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ of each.
 - `MakeMakefile`: A module used to generate a Makefile for C extensions
 - `RbConfig`: Information about your Ruby configuration and build
 - `Gem`: A package management framework for Ruby
+- `Pathname`: Representation of the name of a file or directory on the filesystem. Pathname is a core class, but only methods that depend on other libraries are provided as a library.
 
 ## Extensions
 
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ of each.
 ## Libraries
 
 - Bundler ([GitHub][bundler]): Manage your Ruby application's gem dependencies
-- CGI ([GitHub][cgi]): Support for the Common Gateway Interface protocol
 - Delegator ([GitHub][delegate]): Provides three abilities to delegate method calls to an object
 - DidYouMean ([GitHub][did_you_mean]): "Did you mean?" experience in Ruby
 - English ([GitHub][English]): Provides references to special global variables with less cryptic names
@@ -53,13 +53,12 @@ of each.
 - Prism ([GitHub][prism]): A portable, error-tolerant Ruby parser
 - Resolv ([GitHub][resolv]): Thread-aware DNS resolver library in Ruby
 - SecureRandom ([GitHub][securerandom]): Interface for a secure random number generator
-- [Set](rdoc-ref:Set) ([GitHub][set]): Provides a class to deal with collections of unordered, unique values
 - Shellwords ([GitHub][shellwords]): Manipulates strings with the word parsing rules of the UNIX Bourne shell
 - Singleton ([GitHub][singleton]): Implementation of the Singleton pattern for Ruby
 - Tempfile ([GitHub][tempfile]): A utility class for managing temporary files
 - Time ([GitHub][time]): Extends the Time class with methods for parsing and conversion
 - Timeout ([GitHub][timeout]): Auto-terminate potentially long-running operations in Ruby
-- TSort ([GitHub][tsort]): Topological sorting using Tarjan's algorithm
+- TmpDir ([GitHub][tmpdir]): Extends the Dir class to manage the OS temporary file path
 - UN ([GitHub][un]): Utilities to replace common UNIX commands
 - URI ([GitHub][uri]): A Ruby module providing support for Uniform Resource Identifiers
 - YAML ([GitHub][yaml]): The Ruby client library for the Psych YAML implementation
@@ -72,13 +71,13 @@ of each.
 - Etc ([GitHub][etc]): Provides access to information typically stored in the UNIX /etc directory
 - Fcntl ([GitHub][fcntl]): Loads constants defined in the OS fcntl.h C header file
 - IO.console ([GitHub][io-console]): Extensions for the IO class, including `IO.console`, `IO.winsize`, etc.
+- IO#nonblock ([GitHub][io-nonblock]): Enable non-blocking mode with IO class.
+- IO#wait ([GitHub][io-wait]): Provides the feature for waiting until IO is readable or writable without blocking.
 - JSON ([GitHub][json]): Implements JavaScript Object Notation for Ruby
 - OpenSSL ([GitHub][openssl]): Provides SSL, TLS, and general-purpose cryptography for Ruby
-- Pathname ([GitHub][pathname]): Representation of the name of a file or directory on the filesystem
 - Psych ([GitHub][psych]): A YAML parser and emitter for Ruby
 - StringIO ([GitHub][stringio]): Pseudo-I/O on String objects
 - StringScanner ([GitHub][strscan]): Provides lexical scanning operations on a String
-- TmpDir ([GitHub][tmpdir]): Extends the Dir class to manage the OS temporary file path
 - Zlib ([GitHub][zlib]): Ruby interface for the zlib compression/decompression library
 
 # Bundled gems
@@ -92,20 +91,18 @@ of each.
 
 - [minitest]: A test library supporting TDD, BDD, mocking, and benchmarking
 - [power_assert]: Power Assert for Ruby
-- [rake]: Ruby build program with capabilities similar to make
+- [rake][rake-doc] ([GitHub][rake]): Ruby build program with capabilities similar to make
 - [test-unit]: A compatibility layer for MiniTest
-- [rexml]: An XML toolkit for Ruby
+- [rexml][rexml-doc] ([GitHub][rexml]): An XML toolkit for Ruby
 - [rss]: A family of libraries supporting various XML-based "feeds"
-- [net-ftp]: Support for the File Transfer Protocol
 - [net-imap]: Ruby client API for the Internet Message Access Protocol
-- [net-pop]: Ruby client library for POP3
 - [net-smtp]: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol client library for Ruby
 - [matrix]: Represents a mathematical matrix
 - [prime]: Prime numbers and factorization library
 - [rbs]: RBS is a language to describe the structure of Ruby programs
 - [typeprof]: A type analysis tool for Ruby code based on abstract interpretation
 - [debug]: Debugging functionality for Ruby
-- [racc]: A LALR(1) parser generator written in Ruby
+- [racc][racc-doc] ([GitHub][racc]): A LALR(1) parser generator written in Ruby
 - [mutex_m]: Mixin to extend objects to be handled like a Mutex
 - [getoptlong]: Parse command line options similar to the GNU C getopt_long()
 - [base64]: Support for encoding and decoding binary data using a Base64 representation
@@ -117,15 +114,17 @@ of each.
 - [drb]: Distributed object system for Ruby
 - [nkf]: Ruby extension for the Network Kanji Filter
 - [syslog]: Ruby interface for the POSIX system logging facility
-- [csv]: Provides an interface to read and write CSV files and data
+- [csv][csv-doc] ([GitHub][csv]): Provides an interface to read and write CSV files and data
 - [ostruct]: A class to build custom data structures, similar to a Hash
 - [benchmark]: Provides methods to measure and report the time used to execute code
-- [logger]: Provides a simple logging utility for outputting messages
+- [logger][logger-doc] ([GitHub][logger]): Provides a simple logging utility for outputting messages
 - [pstore]: Implements a file-based persistence mechanism based on a Hash
 - [win32ole]: Provides an interface for OLE Automation in Ruby
-- [reline]: GNU Readline and Editline in a pure Ruby implementation
+- [reline][reline-doc] ([GitHub][reline]): GNU Readline and Editline in a pure Ruby implementation
 - [readline]: Wrapper for the Readline extension and Reline
 - [fiddle]: A libffi wrapper for Ruby
+- [tsort]: Topological sorting using Tarjan's algorithm
+- [win32-registry]: Registry accessor library for the Windows platform.
 
 ## Tools
 
@@ -137,7 +136,6 @@ of each.
 [benchmark]: https://github.com/ruby/benchmark
 [bigdecimal]: https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal
 [bundler]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems
-[cgi]: https://github.com/ruby/cgi
 [csv]: https://github.com/ruby/csv
 [date]: https://github.com/ruby/date
 [debug]: https://github.com/ruby/debug
@@ -156,6 +154,8 @@ of each.
 [forwardable]: https://github.com/ruby/forwardable
 [getoptlong]: https://github.com/ruby/getoptlong
 [io-console]: https://github.com/ruby/io-console
+[io-nonblock]: https://github.com/ruby/io-nonblock
+[io-wait]: https://github.com/ruby/io-wait
 [ipaddr]: https://github.com/ruby/ipaddr
 [irb]: https://github.com/ruby/irb
 [json]: https://github.com/ruby/json
@@ -163,10 +163,8 @@ of each.
 [matrix]: https://github.com/ruby/matrix
 [minitest]: https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest
 [mutex_m]: https://github.com/ruby/mutex_m
-[net-ftp]: https://github.com/ruby/net-ftp
 [net-http]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http
 [net-imap]: https://github.com/ruby/net-imap
-[net-pop]: https://github.com/ruby/net-pop
 [net-smtp]: https://github.com/ruby/net-smtp
 [nkf]: https://github.com/ruby/nkf
 [observer]: https://github.com/ruby/observer
@@ -195,7 +193,6 @@ of each.
 [rinda]: https://github.com/ruby/rinda
 [rss]: https://github.com/ruby/rss
 [securerandom]: https://github.com/ruby/securerandom
-[set]: https://github.com/ruby/set
 [shellwords]: https://github.com/ruby/shellwords
 [singleton]: https://github.com/ruby/singleton
 [stringio]: https://github.com/ruby/stringio
@@ -212,8 +209,15 @@ of each.
 [uri]: https://github.com/ruby/uri
 [weakref]: https://github.com/ruby/weakref
 [win32ole]: https://github.com/ruby/win32ole
+[win32-registry]: https://github.com/ruby/win32-registry
 [yaml]: https://github.com/ruby/yaml
 [zlib]: https://github.com/ruby/zlib
 
+[reline-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/reline/
+[rake-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/rake/
 [irb-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/irb/
 [rdoc-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/
+[logger-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/logger/
+[racc-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/racc/
+[csv-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/csv/
+[rexml-doc]: https://ruby.github.io/rexml/
diff --git a/doc/strftime_formatting.rdoc b/doc/strftime_formatting.rdoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c7b33155d..0000000000
--- a/doc/strftime_formatting.rdoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,527 +0,0 @@
-= Formats for Dates and Times
-
-Several Ruby time-related classes have instance method +strftime+,
-which returns a formatted string representing all or part of a date or time:
-
-- Date#strftime.
-- DateTime#strftime.
-- Time#strftime.
-
-Each of these methods takes optional argument +format+,
-which has zero or more embedded _format_ _specifications_ (see below).
-
-Each of these methods returns the string resulting from replacing each
-format specification embedded in +format+ with a string form
-of one or more parts of the date or time.
-
-A simple example:
-
-  Time.now.strftime('%H:%M:%S') # => "14:02:07"
-
-A format specification has the form:
-
-  %[flags][width]conversion
-
-It consists of:
-
-- A leading percent character.
-- Zero or more _flags_ (each is a character).
-- An optional _width_ _specifier_ (an integer).
-- A _conversion_ _specifier_ (a character).
-
-Except for the leading percent character,
-the only required part is the conversion specifier, so we begin with that.
-
-== Conversion Specifiers
-
-=== \Date (Year, Month, Day)
-
-- <tt>%Y</tt> - Year including century, zero-padded:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%Y')        # => "2022"
-    Time.new(-1000).strftime('%Y') # => "-1000" # Before common era.
-    Time.new(10000).strftime('%Y') # => "10000" # Far future.
-    Time.new(10).strftime('%Y')    # => "0010"  # Zero-padded by default.
-
-- <tt>%y</tt> - Year without century, in range (0.99), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%y')    # => "22"
-    Time.new(1).strftime('%y') # => "01" # Zero-padded by default.
-
-- <tt>%C</tt> - Century, zero-padded:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%C')        # => "20"
-    Time.new(-1000).strftime('%C') # => "-10" # Before common era.
-    Time.new(10000).strftime('%C') # => "100" # Far future.
-    Time.new(100).strftime('%C')   # => "01"  # Zero-padded by default.
-
-- <tt>%m</tt> - Month of the year, in range (1..12), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%m')  # => "01" # Zero-padded by default.
-    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%m') # => "12"
-
-- <tt>%B</tt> - Full month name, capitalized:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%B')  # => "January"
-    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%B') # => "December"
-
-- <tt>%b</tt> - Abbreviated month name, capitalized:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%b')  # => "Jan"
-    Time.new(2022, 12).strftime('%h') # => "Dec"
-
-- <tt>%h</tt> - Same as <tt>%b</tt>.
-
-- <tt>%d</tt> - Day of the month, in range (1..31), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%d')  # => "01"
-    Time.new(2002, 1, 31).strftime('%d') # => "31"
-
-- <tt>%e</tt> - Day of the month, in range (1..31), blank-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%e')  # => " 1"
-    Time.new(2002, 1, 31).strftime('%e') # => "31"
-
-- <tt>%j</tt> - Day of the year, in range (1..366), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2002, 1, 1).strftime('%j')   # => "001"
-    Time.new(2002, 12, 31).strftime('%j') # => "365"
-
-=== \Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond)
-
-- <tt>%H</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (0..23), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H')  # => "01"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H') # => "13"
-
-- <tt>%k</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (0..23), blank-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%k')  # => " 1"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%k') # => "13"
-
-- <tt>%I</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (1..12), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%I')  # => "01"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%I') # => "01"
-
-- <tt>%l</tt> - Hour of the day, in range (1..12), blank-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%l')  # => " 1"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%l') # => " 1"
-
-- <tt>%P</tt> - Meridian indicator, lowercase:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%P')  # => "am"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%P') # => "pm"
-
-- <tt>%p</tt> - Meridian indicator, uppercase:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%p')  # => "AM"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%p') # => "PM"
-
-- <tt>%M</tt> - Minute of the hour, in range (0..59), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0).strftime('%M') # => "00"
-
-- <tt>%S</tt> - Second of the minute in range (0..59), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).strftime('%S') # => "00"
-
-- <tt>%L</tt> - Millisecond of the second, in range (0..999), zero-padded:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).strftime('%L') # => "000"
-
-- <tt>%N</tt> - Fractional seconds, default width is 9 digits (nanoseconds):
-
-    t = Time.now       # => 2022-06-29 07:10:20.3230914 -0500
-    t.strftime('%N')   # => "323091400"                  # Default.
-
-  Use {width specifiers}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Width+Specifiers]
-  to adjust units:
-
-      t.strftime('%3N')  # => "323"                      # Milliseconds.
-      t.strftime('%6N')  # => "323091"                   # Microseconds.
-      t.strftime('%9N')  # => "323091400"                # Nanoseconds.
-      t.strftime('%12N') # => "323091400000"             # Picoseconds.
-      t.strftime('%15N') # => "323091400000000"          # Femptoseconds.
-      t.strftime('%18N') # => "323091400000000000"       # Attoseconds.
-      t.strftime('%21N') # => "323091400000000000000"    # Zeptoseconds.
-      t.strftime('%24N') # => "323091400000000000000000" # Yoctoseconds.
-
-- <tt>%s</tt> - Number of seconds since the epoch:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%s') # => "1656505136"
-
-=== Timezone
-
-- <tt>%z</tt> - Timezone as hour and minute offset from UTC:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%z') # => "-0500"
-
-- <tt>%Z</tt> - Timezone name (platform-dependent):
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%Z') # => "Central Daylight Time"
-
-=== Weekday
-
-- <tt>%A</tt> - Full weekday name:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%A') # => "Wednesday"
-
-- <tt>%a</tt> - Abbreviated weekday name:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%a') # => "Wed"
-
-- <tt>%u</tt> - Day of the week, in range (1..7), Monday is 1:
-
-    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
-    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
-    t.strftime('%u')          # => "7"
-
-- <tt>%w</tt> - Day of the week, in range (0..6), Sunday is 0:
-
-    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
-    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
-    t.strftime('%w')          # => "0"
-
-=== Week Number
-
-- <tt>%U</tt> - Week number of the year, in range (0..53), zero-padded,
-  where each week begins on a Sunday:
-
-    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
-    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
-    t.strftime('%U')          # => "26"
-
-- <tt>%W</tt> - Week number of the year, in range (0..53), zero-padded,
-  where each week begins on a Monday:
-
-    t = Time.new(2022, 6, 26) # => 2022-06-26 00:00:00 -0500
-    t.strftime('%a')          # => "Sun"
-    t.strftime('%W')          # => "25"
-
-=== Week Dates
-
-See {ISO 8601 week dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates].
-
-    t0 = Time.new(2023, 1, 1) # => 2023-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
-    t1 = Time.new(2024, 1, 1) # => 2024-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
-
-- <tt>%G</tt> - Week-based year:
-
-    t0.strftime('%G') # => "2022"
-    t1.strftime('%G') # => "2024"
-
-- <tt>%g</tt> - Week-based year without century, in range (0..99), zero-padded:
-
-    t0.strftime('%g') # => "22"
-    t1.strftime('%g') # => "24"
-
-- <tt>%V</tt> - Week number of the week-based year, in range (1..53),
-  zero-padded:
-
-    t0.strftime('%V') # => "52"
-    t1.strftime('%V') # => "01"
-
-=== Literals
-
-- <tt>%n</tt> - Newline character "\n":
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%n') # => "\n"
-
-- <tt>%t</tt> - Tab character "\t":
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%t') # => "\t"
-
-- <tt>%%</tt> - Percent character '%':
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%%') # => "%"
-
-=== Shorthand Conversion Specifiers
-
-Each shorthand specifier here is shown with its corresponding
-longhand specifier.
-
-- <tt>%c</tt> - \Date and time:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%c')             # => "Wed Jun 29 08:01:41 2022"
-    Time.now.strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') # => "Wed Jun 29 08:02:07 2022"
-
-- <tt>%D</tt> - \Date:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%D')       # => "06/29/22"
-    Time.now.strftime('%m/%d/%y') # => "06/29/22"
-
-- <tt>%F</tt> - ISO 8601 date:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%F')       # => "2022-06-29"
-    Time.now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # => "2022-06-29"
-
-- <tt>%v</tt> - VMS date:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%v')         # => "29-JUN-2022"
-    Time.now.strftime('%e-%^b-%4Y') # => "29-JUN-2022"
-
-- <tt>%x</tt> - Same as <tt>%D</tt>.
-
-- <tt>%X</tt> - Same as <tt>%T</tt>.
-
-- <tt>%r</tt> - 12-hour time:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%r')           # => "01:00:00 AM"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%I:%M:%S %p')  # => "01:00:00 AM"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%r')          # => "01:00:00 PM"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%I:%M:%S %p') # => "01:00:00 PM"
-
-- <tt>%R</tt> - 24-hour time:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%R')     # => "01:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H:%M')  # => "01:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%R')    # => "13:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H:%M') # => "13:00"
-
-- <tt>%T</tt> - 24-hour time:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%T')        # => "01:00:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 1).strftime('%H:%M:%S')  # => "01:00:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%T')       # => "13:00:00"
-    Time.new(2022, 1, 1, 13).strftime('%H:%M:%S') # => "13:00:00"
-
-- <tt>%+</tt> (not supported in Time#strftime) - \Date and time:
-
-    DateTime.now.strftime('%+')
-    # => "Wed Jun 29 08:31:53 -05:00 2022"
-    DateTime.now.strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y')
-    # => "Wed Jun 29 08:32:18 -05:00 2022"
-
-== Flags
-
-Flags may affect certain formatting specifications.
-
-Multiple flags may be given with a single conversion specified;
-order does not matter.
-
-=== Padding Flags
-
-- <tt>0</tt> - Pad with zeroes:
-
-    Time.new(10).strftime('%0Y') # => "0010"
-
-- <tt>_</tt> - Pad with blanks:
-
-    Time.new(10).strftime('%_Y') # => "  10"
-
-- <tt>-</tt> - Don't pad:
-
-    Time.new(10).strftime('%-Y') # => "10"
-
-=== Casing Flags
-
-- <tt>^</tt> - Upcase result:
-
-    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%B')  # => "January" # No casing flag.
-    Time.new(2022, 1).strftime('%^B') # => "JANUARY"
-
-- <tt>#</tt> - Swapcase result:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%p')  # => "AM"
-    Time.now.strftime('%^p') # => "AM"
-    Time.now.strftime('%#p') # => "am"
-
-=== Timezone Flags
-
-- <tt>:</tt> - Put timezone as colon-separated hours and minutes:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%:z')  # => "-05:00"
-
-- <tt>::</tt> - Put timezone as colon-separated hours, minutes, and seconds:
-
-    Time.now.strftime('%::z') # => "-05:00:00"
-
-== Width Specifiers
-
-The integer width specifier gives a minimum width for the returned string:
-
-  Time.new(2002).strftime('%Y')       # => "2002"     # No width specifier.
-  Time.new(2002).strftime('%10Y')     # => "0000002002"
-  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%B')   # => "December" # No width specifier.
-  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%10B') # => "  December"
-  Time.new(2002, 12).strftime('%3B')  # => "December" # Ignored if too small.
-
-= Specialized Format Strings
-
-Here are a few specialized format strings,
-each based on an external standard.
-
-== HTTP Format
-
-The HTTP date format is based on
-{RFC 2616}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2616],
-and treats dates in the format <tt>'%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT'</tt>:
-
-  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return HTTP-formatted string.
-  httpdate = d.httpdate    # => "Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT"
-  # Return new date parsed from HTTP-formatted string.
-  Date.httpdate(httpdate)  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return hash parsed from HTTP-formatted string.
-  Date._httpdate(httpdate)
-  # => {:wday=>6, :mday=>3, :mon=>2, :year=>2001, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"GMT", :offset=>0}
-
-== RFC 3339 Format
-
-The RFC 3339 date format is based on
-{RFC 3339}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3339]:
-
-  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return 3339-formatted string.
-  rfc3339 = d.rfc3339      # => "2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00"
-  # Return new date parsed from 3339-formatted string.
-  Date.rfc3339(rfc3339)    # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return hash parsed from 3339-formatted string.
-  Date._rfc3339(rfc3339)
-  # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"+00:00", :offset=>0}
-
-== RFC 2822 Format
-
-The RFC 2822 date format is based on
-{RFC 2822}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2822],
-and treats dates in the format <tt>'%a, %-d %b %Y %T %z'</tt>]:
-
-  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return 2822-formatted string.
-  rfc2822 = d.rfc2822      # => "Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000"
-  # Return new date parsed from 2822-formatted string.
-  Date.rfc2822(rfc2822)    # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return hash parsed from 2822-formatted string.
-  Date._rfc2822(rfc2822)
-  # => {:wday=>6, :mday=>3, :mon=>2, :year=>2001, :hour=>0, :min=>0, :sec=>0, :zone=>"+0000", :offset=>0}
-
-== JIS X 0301 Format
-
-The JIS X 0301 format includes the
-{Japanese era name}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_era_name],
-and treats dates in the format <tt>'%Y-%m-%d'</tt>
-with the first letter of the romanized era name prefixed:
-
-  d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return 0301-formatted string.
-  jisx0301 = d.jisx0301    # => "H13.02.03"
-  # Return new date parsed from 0301-formatted string.
-  Date.jisx0301(jisx0301)  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
-  # Return hash parsed from 0301-formatted string.
-  Date._jisx0301(jisx0301) # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
-
-== ISO 8601 Format Specifications
-
-This section shows format specifications that are compatible with
-{ISO 8601}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601].
-Details for various formats may be seen at the links.
-
-Examples in this section assume:
-
-  t = Time.now # => 2022-06-29 16:49:25.465246 -0500
-
-=== Dates
-
-See {ISO 8601 dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Dates].
-
-- {Years}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Years]:
-
-  - Basic year (+YYYY+):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y') # => "2022"
-
-  - Expanded year (<tt>±YYYYY</tt>):
-
-      t.strftime('+%5Y') # => "+02022"
-      t.strftime('-%5Y') # => "-02022"
-
-- {Calendar dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Calendar_dates]:
-
-  - Basic date (+YYYYMMDD+):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y%m%d') # => "20220629"
-
-  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-MM-DD</tt>):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # => "2022-06-29"
-
-  - Reduced extended date (<tt>YYYY-MM</tt>):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y-%m') # => "2022-06"
-
-- {Week dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates]:
-
-  - Basic date (+YYYYWww+ or +YYYYWwwD+):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y%Ww')   # => "202226w"
-      t.strftime('%Y%Ww%u') # => "202226w3"
-
-  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-Www</tt> or <tt>YYYY-Www-D<tt>):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y-%Ww')    # => "2022-26w"
-      t.strftime('%Y-%Ww-%u') # => "2022-26w-3"
-
-- {Ordinal dates}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Ordinal_dates]:
-
-  - Basic date (+YYYYDDD+):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y%j') # => "2022180"
-
-  - Extended date (<tt>YYYY-DDD</tt>):
-
-      t.strftime('%Y-%j') # => "2022-180"
-
-=== Times
-
-See {ISO 8601 times}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Times].
-
-- Times:
-
-  - Basic time (+Thhmmss.sss+, +Thhmmss+, +Thhmm+, or +Thh+):
-
-      t.strftime('T%H%M%S.%L') # => "T164925.465"
-      t.strftime('T%H%M%S')    # => "T164925"
-      t.strftime('T%H%M')      # => "T1649"
-      t.strftime('T%H')        # => "T16"
-
-  - Extended time (+Thh:mm:ss.sss+, +Thh:mm:ss+, or +Thh:mm+):
-
-      t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S.%L') # => "T16:49:25.465"
-      t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S')    # => "T16:49:25"
-      t.strftime('T%H:%M')       # => "T16:49"
-
-- {Time zone designators}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Time_zone_designators]:
-
-  - Timezone (+time+ represents a valid time,
-    +hh+ represents a valid 2-digit hour,
-    and +mm+ represents a valid 2-digit minute):
-
-    - Basic timezone (<tt>time±hhmm</tt>, <tt>time±hh</tt>, or +timeZ+):
-
-        t.strftime('T%H%M%S%z')              # => "T164925-0500"
-        t.strftime('T%H%M%S%z').slice(0..-3) # => "T164925-05"
-        t.strftime('T%H%M%SZ')               # => "T164925Z"
-
-    - Extended timezone (<tt>time±hh:mm</tt>):
-
-        t.strftime('T%H:%M:%S%z') # => "T16:49:25-0500"
-
-  - See also:
-
-    - {Local time (unqualified)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Local_time_(unqualified)].
-    - {Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Coordinated_Universal_Time_(UTC)].
-    - {Time offsets from UTC}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Time_offsets_from_UTC].
-
-=== Combined \Date and \Time
-
-See {ISO 8601 Combined date and time representations}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Combined_date_and_time_representations].
-
-An ISO 8601 combined date and time representation may be any
-ISO 8601 date and any ISO 8601 time,
-separated by the letter +T+.
-
-For the relevant +strftime+ formats, see
-{Dates}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Dates]
-and {Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Times] above.
diff --git a/doc/string.rb b/doc/string.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dac94e93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+# A +String+ object has an arbitrary sequence of bytes,
+# typically representing text or binary data.
+# A +String+ object may be created using String::new or as literals.
+#
+# String objects differ from Symbol objects in that Symbol objects are
+# designed to be used as identifiers, instead of text or data.
+#
+# You can create a +String+ object explicitly with:
+#
+# - A {string literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@String+Literals].
+# - A {heredoc literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Here+Document+Literals].
+#
+# You can convert certain objects to Strings with:
+#
+# - Method #String.
+#
+# Some +String+ methods modify +self+.
+# Typically, a method whose name ends with <tt>!</tt> modifies +self+
+# and returns +self+;
+# often, a similarly named method (without the <tt>!</tt>)
+# returns a new string.
+#
+# In general, if both bang and non-bang versions of a method exist,
+# the bang method mutates and the non-bang method does not.
+# However, a method without a bang can also mutate, such as String#replace.
+#
+# == Substitution Methods
+#
+# These methods perform substitutions:
+#
+# - String#sub: One substitution (or none); returns a new string.
+# - String#sub!: One substitution (or none); returns +self+ if any changes,
+#   +nil+ otherwise.
+# - String#gsub: Zero or more substitutions; returns a new string.
+# - String#gsub!: Zero or more substitutions; returns +self+ if any changes,
+#   +nil+ otherwise.
+#
+# Each of these methods takes:
+#
+# - A first argument, +pattern+ (String or Regexp),
+#   that specifies the substring(s) to be replaced.
+#
+# - Either of the following:
+#
+#   - A second argument, +replacement+ (String or Hash),
+#     that determines the replacing string.
+#   - A block that will determine the replacing string.
+#
+# The examples in this section mostly use the String#sub and String#gsub methods;
+# the principles illustrated apply to all four substitution methods.
+#
+# <b>Argument +pattern+</b>
+#
+# Argument +pattern+ is commonly a regular expression:
+#
+#   s = 'hello'
+#   s.sub(/[aeiou]/, '*') # => "h*llo"
+#   s.gsub(/[aeiou]/, '*') # => "h*ll*"
+#   s.gsub(/[aeiou]/, '')  # => "hll"
+#   s.sub(/ell/, 'al')     # => "halo"
+#   s.gsub(/xyzzy/, '*')   # => "hello"
+#   'THX1138'.gsub(/\d+/, '00') # => "THX00"
+#
+# When +pattern+ is a string, all its characters are treated
+# as ordinary characters (not as Regexp special characters):
+#
+#   'THX1138'.gsub('\d+', '00') # => "THX1138"
+#
+# <b>+String+ +replacement+</b>
+#
+# If +replacement+ is a string, that string determines
+# the replacing string that is substituted for the matched text.
+#
+# Each of the examples above uses a simple string as the replacing string.
+#
+# +String+ +replacement+ may contain back-references to the pattern's captures:
+#
+# - <tt>\n</tt> (_n_ is a non-negative integer) refers to <tt>$n</tt>.
+# - <tt>\k<name></tt> refers to the named capture +name+.
+#
+# See Regexp for details.
+#
+# Note that within the string +replacement+, a character combination
+# such as <tt>$&</tt> is treated as ordinary text, not as
+# a special match variable.
+# However, you may refer to some special match variables using these
+# combinations:
+#
+# - <tt>\&</tt> and <tt>\0</tt> correspond to <tt>$&</tt>,
+#   which contains the complete matched text.
+# - <tt>\'</tt> corresponds to <tt>$'</tt>,
+#   which contains the string after the match.
+# - <tt>\`</tt> corresponds to <tt>$`</tt>,
+#   which contains the string before the match.
+# - <tt>\\+</tt> corresponds to <tt>$+</tt>,
+#   which contains the last capture group.
+#
+# See Regexp for details.
+#
+# Note that <tt>\\\\</tt> is interpreted as an escape, i.e., a single backslash.
+#
+# Note also that a string literal consumes backslashes.
+# See {String Literals}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@String+Literals] for details about string literals.
+#
+# A back-reference is typically preceded by an additional backslash.
+# For example, if you want to write a back-reference <tt>\&</tt> in
+# +replacement+ with a double-quoted string literal, you need to write
+# <tt>"..\\\\&.."</tt>.
+#
+# If you want to write a non-back-reference string <tt>\&</tt> in
+# +replacement+, you need to first escape the backslash to prevent
+# this method from interpreting it as a back-reference, and then you
+# need to escape the backslashes again to prevent a string literal from
+# consuming them: <tt>"..\\\\\\\\&.."</tt>.
+#
+# You may want to use the block form to avoid excessive backslashes.
+#
+# <b>\Hash +replacement+</b>
+#
+# If the argument +replacement+ is a hash, and +pattern+ matches one of its keys,
+# the replacing string is the value for that key:
+#
+#   h = {'foo' => 'bar', 'baz' => 'bat'}
+#   'food'.sub('foo', h) # => "bard"
+#
+# Note that a symbol key does not match:
+#
+#   h = {foo: 'bar', baz: 'bat'}
+#   'food'.sub('foo', h) # => "d"
+#
+# <b>Block</b>
+#
+# In the block form, the current match string is passed to the block;
+# the block's return value becomes the replacing string:
+#
+#   s = '@'
+#   '1234'.gsub(/\d/) { |match| s.succ! } # => "ABCD"
+#
+# Special match variables such as <tt>$1</tt>, <tt>$2</tt>, <tt>$`</tt>,
+# <tt>$&</tt>, and <tt>$'</tt> are set appropriately.
+#
+# == Whitespace in Strings
+#
+# In the class +String+, _whitespace_ is defined as a contiguous sequence of characters
+# consisting of any mixture of the following:
+#
+# - NL (null): <tt>"\x00"</tt>, <tt>"\u0000"</tt>.
+# - HT (horizontal tab): <tt>"\x09"</tt>, <tt>"\t"</tt>.
+# - LF (line feed): <tt>"\x0a"</tt>, <tt>"\n"</tt>.
+# - VT (vertical tab): <tt>"\x0b"</tt>, <tt>"\v"</tt>.
+# - FF (form feed): <tt>"\x0c"</tt>, <tt>"\f"</tt>.
+# - CR (carriage return): <tt>"\x0d"</tt>, <tt>"\r"</tt>.
+# - SP (space): <tt>"\x20"</tt>, <tt>" "</tt>.
+#
+#
+# Whitespace is relevant for the following methods:
+#
+# - #lstrip, #lstrip!: Strip leading whitespace.
+# - #rstrip, #rstrip!: Strip trailing whitespace.
+# - #strip, #strip!: Strip leading and trailing whitespace.
+#
+# == What's Here
+#
+# First, what's elsewhere. Class +String+:
+#
+# - Inherits from the {Object class}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+# - Includes the {Comparable module}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@Whats+Here].
+#
+# Here, class +String+ provides methods that are useful for:
+#
+# - {Creating a \String}[rdoc-ref:String@Creating+a+String].
+# - {Freezing/Unfreezing a \String}[rdoc-ref:String@FreezingUnfreezing].
+# - {Querying a \String}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
+# - {Comparing Strings}[rdoc-ref:String@Comparing].
+# - {Modifying a \String}[rdoc-ref:String@Modifying].
+# - {Converting to a new \String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
+# - {Converting to a non-\String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non--5CString].
+# - {Iterating over a \String}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
+#
+# === Creating a \String
+#
+# - ::new: Returns a new string.
+# - ::try_convert: Returns a new string created from a given object.
+#
+# === Freezing/Unfreezing
+#
+# - #+@: Returns a string that is not frozen: +self+ if not frozen;
+#   +self.dup+ otherwise.
+# - #-@ (aliased as #dedup): Returns a string that is frozen: +self+ if already frozen;
+#   +self.freeze+ otherwise.
+# - #freeze: Freezes +self+ if not already frozen; returns +self+.
+#
+# === Querying
+#
+# _Counts_
+#
+# - #bytesize: Returns the count of bytes.
+# - #count: Returns the count of substrings matching given strings.
+# - #empty?: Returns whether the length of +self+ is zero.
+# - #length (aliased as #size): Returns the count of characters (not bytes).
+#
+# _Substrings_
+#
+# - #=~: Returns the index of the first substring that matches a given
+#   Regexp or other object; returns +nil+ if no match is found.
+# - #byteindex: Returns the byte index of the first occurrence of a given substring.
+# - #byterindex: Returns the byte index of the last occurrence of a given substring.
+# - #index: Returns the index of the _first_ occurrence of a given substring;
+#   returns +nil+ if none found.
+# - #rindex: Returns the index of the _last_ occurrence of a given substring;
+#   returns +nil+ if none found.
+# - #include?: Returns +true+ if the string contains a given substring; +false+ otherwise.
+# - #match: Returns a MatchData object if the string matches a given Regexp; +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #match?: Returns +true+ if the string matches a given Regexp; +false+ otherwise.
+# - #start_with?: Returns +true+ if the string begins with any of the given substrings.
+# - #end_with?: Returns +true+ if the string ends with any of the given substrings.
+#
+# _Encodings_
+#
+# - #encoding\: Returns the Encoding object that represents the encoding of the string.
+# - #unicode_normalized?: Returns +true+ if the string is in Unicode normalized form; +false+ otherwise.
+# - #valid_encoding?: Returns +true+ if the string contains only characters that are valid
+#   for its encoding.
+# - #ascii_only?: Returns +true+ if the string has only ASCII characters; +false+ otherwise.
+#
+# _Other_
+#
+# - #sum: Returns a basic checksum for the string: the sum of each byte.
+# - #hash: Returns the integer hash code.
+#
+# === Comparing
+#
+# - #== (aliased as #===): Returns +true+ if a given other string has the same content as +self+.
+# - #eql?: Returns +true+ if the content is the same as the given other string.
+# - #<=>: Returns -1, 0, or 1 as a given other string is smaller than,
+#   equal to, or larger than +self+.
+# - #casecmp: Ignoring case, returns -1, 0, or 1 as
+#   +self+ is smaller than, equal to, or larger than a given other string.
+# - #casecmp?: Ignoring case, returns whether a given other string is equal to +self+.
+#
+# === Modifying
+#
+# Each of these methods modifies +self+.
+#
+# _Insertion_
+#
+# - #insert: Returns +self+ with a given string inserted at a specified offset.
+# - #<<: Returns +self+ concatenated with a given string or integer.
+# - #append_as_bytes: Returns +self+ concatenated with strings without performing any
+#   encoding validation or conversion.
+# - #prepend: Prefixes to +self+ the concatenation of given other strings.
+#
+# _Substitution_
+#
+# - #bytesplice: Replaces bytes of +self+ with bytes from a given string; returns +self+.
+# - #sub!: Replaces the first substring that matches a given pattern with a given replacement string;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #gsub!: Replaces each substring that matches a given pattern with a given replacement string;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #succ! (aliased as #next!): Returns +self+ modified to become its own successor.
+# - #replace: Returns +self+ with its entire content replaced by a given string.
+# - #reverse!: Returns +self+ with its characters in reverse order.
+# - #setbyte: Sets the byte at a given integer offset to a given value; returns the argument.
+# - #tr!: Replaces specified characters in +self+ with specified replacement characters;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #tr_s!: Replaces specified characters in +self+ with specified replacement characters,
+#   removing duplicates from the substrings that were modified;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+#
+# _Casing_
+#
+# - #capitalize!: Upcases the initial character and downcases all others;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #downcase!: Downcases all characters; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #upcase!: Upcases all characters; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #swapcase!: Upcases each downcase character and downcases each upcase character;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+#
+# _Encoding_
+#
+# - #encode!: Returns +self+ with all characters transcoded from one encoding to another.
+# - #unicode_normalize!: Unicode-normalizes +self+; returns +self+.
+# - #scrub!: Replaces each invalid byte with a given character; returns +self+.
+# - #force_encoding: Changes the encoding to a given encoding; returns +self+.
+#
+# _Deletion_
+#
+# - #clear: Removes all content, so that +self+ is empty; returns +self+.
+# - #slice!, #[]=: Removes a substring determined by a given index, start/length, range, regexp, or substring.
+# - #squeeze!: Removes contiguous duplicate characters; returns +self+.
+# - #delete!: Removes characters as determined by the intersection of substring arguments.
+# - #delete_prefix!: Removes leading prefix; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #delete_suffix!: Removes trailing suffix; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #lstrip!: Removes leading whitespace; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #rstrip!: Removes trailing whitespace; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #strip!: Removes leading and trailing whitespace; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #chomp!: Removes the trailing record separator, if found; returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+# - #chop!: Removes trailing newline characters if found; otherwise removes the last character;
+#   returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+#
+# === Converting to New \String
+#
+# Each of these methods returns a new +String+ based on +self+,
+# often just a modified copy of +self+.
+#
+# _Extension_
+#
+# - #*: Returns the concatenation of multiple copies of +self+.
+# - #+: Returns the concatenation of +self+ and a given other string.
+# - #center: Returns a copy of +self+, centered by specified padding.
+# - #concat: Returns the concatenation of +self+ with given other strings.
+# - #ljust: Returns a copy of +self+ of a given length, right-padded with a given other string.
+# - #rjust: Returns a copy of +self+ of a given length, left-padded with a given other string.
+#
+# _Encoding_
+#
+# - #b: Returns a copy of +self+ with ASCII-8BIT encoding.
+# - #scrub: Returns a copy of +self+ with each invalid byte replaced with a given character.
+# - #unicode_normalize: Returns a copy of +self+ with each character Unicode-normalized.
+# - #encode: Returns a copy of +self+ with all characters transcoded from one encoding to another.
+#
+# _Substitution_
+#
+# - #dump: Returns a printable version of +self+, enclosed in double-quotes.
+# - #undump: Inverse of #dump; returns a copy of +self+ with changes of the kinds made by #dump "undone."
+# - #sub: Returns a copy of +self+ with the first substring matching a given pattern
+#   replaced with a given replacement string.
+# - #gsub: Returns a copy of +self+ with each substring that matches a given pattern
+#   replaced with a given replacement string.
+# - #succ (aliased as #next): Returns the string that is the successor to +self+.
+# - #reverse: Returns a copy of +self+ with its characters in reverse order.
+# - #tr: Returns a copy of +self+ with specified characters replaced with specified replacement characters.
+# - #tr_s: Returns a copy of +self+ with specified characters replaced with
+#   specified replacement characters,
+#   removing duplicates from the substrings that were modified.
+# - #%: Returns the string resulting from formatting a given object into +self+.
+#
+# _Casing_
+#
+# - #capitalize: Returns a copy of +self+ with the first character upcased
+#   and all other characters downcased.
+# - #downcase: Returns a copy of +self+ with all characters downcased.
+# - #upcase: Returns a copy of +self+ with all characters upcased.
+# - #swapcase: Returns a copy of +self+ with all upcase characters downcased
+#   and all downcase characters upcased.
+#
+# _Deletion_
+#
+# - #delete: Returns a copy of +self+ with characters removed.
+# - #delete_prefix: Returns a copy of +self+ with a given prefix removed.
+# - #delete_suffix: Returns a copy of +self+ with a given suffix removed.
+# - #lstrip: Returns a copy of +self+ with leading whitespace removed.
+# - #rstrip: Returns a copy of +self+ with trailing whitespace removed.
+# - #strip: Returns a copy of +self+ with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
+# - #chomp: Returns a copy of +self+ with a trailing record separator removed, if found.
+# - #chop: Returns a copy of +self+ with trailing newline characters or the last character removed.
+# - #squeeze: Returns a copy of +self+ with contiguous duplicate characters removed.
+# - #[] (aliased as #slice): Returns a substring determined by a given index, start/length, range, regexp, or string.
+# - #byteslice: Returns a substring determined by a given index, start/length, or range.
+# - #chr: Returns the first character.
+#
+# _Duplication_
+#
+# - #to_s (aliased as #to_str): If +self+ is a subclass of +String+, returns +self+ copied into a +String+;
+#   otherwise, returns +self+.
+#
+# === Converting to Non-\String
+#
+# Each of these methods converts the contents of +self+ to a non-+String+.
+#
+# <em>Characters, Bytes, and Clusters</em>
+#
+# - #bytes: Returns an array of the bytes in +self+.
+# - #chars: Returns an array of the characters in +self+.
+# - #codepoints: Returns an array of the integer ordinals in +self+.
+# - #getbyte: Returns the integer byte at the given index in +self+.
+# - #grapheme_clusters: Returns an array of the grapheme clusters in +self+.
+#
+# _Splitting_
+#
+# - #lines: Returns an array of the lines in +self+, as determined by a given record separator.
+# - #partition: Returns a 3-element array determined by the first substring that matches
+#   a given substring or regexp.
+# - #rpartition: Returns a 3-element array determined by the last substring that matches
+#   a given substring or regexp.
+# - #split: Returns an array of substrings determined by a given delimiter -- regexp or string --
+#   or, if a block is given, passes those substrings to the block.
+#
+# _Matching_
+#
+# - #scan: Returns an array of substrings matching a given regexp or string, or,
+#   if a block is given, passes each matching substring to the block.
+# - #unpack: Returns an array of substrings extracted from +self+ according to a given format.
+# - #unpack1: Returns the first substring extracted from +self+ according to a given format.
+#
+# _Numerics_
+#
+# - #hex: Returns the integer value of the leading characters, interpreted as hexadecimal digits.
+# - #oct: Returns the integer value of the leading characters, interpreted as octal digits.
+# - #ord: Returns the integer ordinal of the first character in +self+.
+# - #to_c: Returns the complex value of leading characters, interpreted as a complex number.
+# - #to_i: Returns the integer value of leading characters, interpreted as an integer.
+# - #to_f: Returns the floating-point value of leading characters, interpreted as a floating-point number.
+# - #to_r: Returns the rational value of leading characters, interpreted as a rational.
+#
+# <em>Strings and Symbols</em>
+#
+# - #inspect: Returns a copy of +self+, enclosed in double quotes, with special characters escaped.
+# - #intern (aliased as #to_sym): Returns the symbol corresponding to +self+.
+#
+# === Iterating
+#
+# - #each_byte: Calls the given block with each successive byte in +self+.
+# - #each_char: Calls the given block with each successive character in +self+.
+# - #each_codepoint: Calls the given block with each successive integer codepoint in +self+.
+# - #each_grapheme_cluster: Calls the given block with each successive grapheme cluster in +self+.
+# - #each_line: Calls the given block with each successive line in +self+,
+#   as determined by a given record separator.
+# - #upto: Calls the given block with each string value returned by successive calls to #succ.
+
+class String; end
diff --git a/doc/string/aref.rdoc b/doc/string/aref.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9ab8857bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/aref.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+Returns the substring of +self+ specified by the arguments.
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[offset]</tt></b>
+
+With non-negative integer argument +offset+ given,
+returns the 1-character substring found in self at character offset +offset+:
+
+  'hello'[0]    # => "h"
+  'hello'[4]    # => "o"
+  'hello'[5]    # => nil
+  'こんにちは'[4] # => "は"
+
+With negative integer argument +offset+ given,
+counts backward from the end of +self+:
+
+  'hello'[-1] # => "o"
+  'hello'[-5] # => "h"
+  'hello'[-6] # => nil
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[offset, size]</tt></b>
+
+With integer arguments +offset+ and +size+ given,
+returns a substring of size +size+ characters (as available)
+beginning at character offset specified by +offset+.
+
+If argument +offset+ is non-negative,
+the offset is +offset+:
+
+  'hello'[0, 1]  # => "h"
+  'hello'[0, 5]  # => "hello"
+  'hello'[0, 6]  # => "hello"
+  'hello'[2, 3]  # => "llo"
+  'hello'[2, 0]  # => ""
+  'hello'[2, -1] # => nil
+
+If argument +offset+ is negative,
+counts backward from the end of +self+:
+
+  'hello'[-1, 1] # => "o"
+  'hello'[-5, 5] # => "hello"
+  'hello'[-1, 0] # => ""
+  'hello'[-6, 5] # => nil
+
+Special case: if +offset+ equals the size of +self+,
+returns a new empty string:
+
+  'hello'[5, 3]  # => ""
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[range]</tt></b>
+
+With Range argument +range+ given,
+forms substring <tt>self[range.start, range.size]</tt>:
+
+  'hello'[0..2]  # => "hel"
+  'hello'[0, 3]  # => "hel"
+
+  'hello'[0...2] # => "he"
+  'hello'[0, 2]  # => "he"
+
+  'hello'[0, 0]  # => ""
+  'hello'[0...0] # => ""
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[regexp, capture = 0]</tt></b>
+
+With Regexp argument +regexp+ given and +capture+ as zero,
+searches for a matching substring in +self+;
+updates {Regexp-related global variables}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables]:
+
+  'hello'[/ell/]     # => "ell"
+  'hello'[/l+/]      # => "ll"
+  'hello'[//]        # => ""
+  'hello'[/nosuch/]  # => nil
+
+With +capture+ as a positive integer +n+,
+returns the +n+th matched group:
+
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/]    # => "hello"
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 1] # => "h"
+  $1                          # => "h"
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 2] # => "e"
+  $2                          # => "e"
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 3] # => "ll"
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 4] # => "o"
+  'hello'[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 5] # => nil
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[substring]</tt></b>
+
+With string argument +substring+ given,
+returns the matching substring of +self+, if found:
+
+  'hello'['ell']      # => "ell"
+  'hello'['']         # => ""
+  'hello'['nosuch']   # => nil
+  'こんにちは'['んにち'] # => "んにち"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/aset.rdoc b/doc/string/aset.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98c58b59cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/aset.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+Returns +self+ with all, a substring, or none of its contents replaced;
+returns the argument +other_string+.
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[index] = other_string</tt></b>
+
+With non-negative integer argument +index+ given,
+searches for the 1-character substring found in self at character offset index:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s            # => "fooello"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[4] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s            # => "hellfoo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[5] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s            # => "hellofoo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[6] = 'foo' # Raises IndexError: index 6 out of string.
+
+With negative integer argument +index+ given,
+counts backward from the end of +self+:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-1] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s              # => "hellfoo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-5] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s              # => "fooello"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-6] = 'foo'  # Raises IndexError: index -6 out of string.
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[start, length] = other_string</tt></b>
+
+With integer arguments +start+ and +length+ given,
+searches for a substring of size +length+ characters (as available)
+beginning at character offset specified by +start+.
+
+If argument +start+ is non-negative,
+the offset is +start+:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0, 1] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s                # => "fooello"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0, 5] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s                # => "foo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0, 9] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s                # => "foo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[2, 0] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s                # => "hefoollo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[2, -1] = 'foo' # Raises IndexError: negative length -1.
+
+If argument +start+ is negative,
+counts backward from the end of +self+:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-1, 1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "hellfoo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-1, 9] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "hellfoo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-5, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "foollo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-3, 0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "hefoollo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[-6, 2] = 'foo' # Raises IndexError: index -6 out of string.
+
+Special case: if +start+ equals the length of +self+,
+the argument is appended to +self+:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[5, 3] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s               # => "hellofoo"
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[range] = other_string</tt></b>
+
+With Range argument +range+ given,
+equivalent to <tt>self[range.start, range.size] = other_string</tt>:
+
+  s0 = 'hello'
+  s1 = 'hello'
+  s0[0..2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s1[0, 3] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s0               # => "foolo"
+  s1               # => "foolo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0...2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "foollo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[0...0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                # => "foohello"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[9..10] = 'foo' # Raises RangeError: 9..10 out of range
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[regexp, capture = 0] = other_string</tt></b>
+
+With Regexp argument +regexp+ given and +capture+ as zero,
+searches for a matching substring in +self+;
+updates {Regexp-related global variables}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables]:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/l/] = 'L'       # => "L"
+  [$`, $&, $']       # => ["he", "l", "lo"]
+  s[/eLlo/] = 'owdy' # => "owdy"
+  [$`, $&, $']       # => ["h", "eLlo", ""]
+  s[/eLlo/] = 'owdy' # Raises IndexError: regexp not matched.
+  [$`, $&, $']       # => [nil, nil, nil]
+
+With +capture+ as a positive integer +n+,
+searches for the +n+th matched group:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/] = 'foo'    # => "foo"
+  [$`, $&, $']                  # => ["", "hello", ""]
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                             # => "fooello"
+  [$`, $&, $']                  # => ["", "hello", ""]
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                             # => "hfoollo"
+  [$`, $&, $']                  # => ["", "hello", ""]
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 4] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+  s                             # => "hellfoo"
+  [$`, $&, $']                  # => ["", "hello", ""]
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  # => "hello"
+  s[/(h)(e)(l+)(o)/, 5] = 'foo  # Raises IndexError: index 5 out of regexp.
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s[/nosuch/] = 'foo'           # Raises IndexError: regexp not matched.
+
+<b>Form <tt>self[substring] = other_string</tt></b>
+
+With string argument +substring+ given:
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s['l'] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s  # => "hefoolo"
+
+  s = 'hello'
+  s['ll'] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s  # => "hefooo"
+
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s['んにち'] = 'foo'  # => "foo"
+  s  # => "こfooは"
+
+  s['nosuch'] = 'foo' # Raises IndexError: string not matched.
+
+Related: see {Modifying}[rdoc-ref:String@Modifying].
diff --git a/doc/string/b.rdoc b/doc/string/b.rdoc
index f8ad2910b4..8abd6d9532 100644
--- a/doc/string/b.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/b.rdoc
@@ -12,3 +12,5 @@ the underlying bytes are not modified:
   t = s.b      # => "\xE4\x82\x95"
   t.encoding   # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>
   t.bytes      # => [228, 130, 149]
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/bytes.rdoc b/doc/string/bytes.rdoc
index a9e89f1cd1..16fa8e0bb0 100644
--- a/doc/string/bytes.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/bytes.rdoc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 Returns an array of the bytes in +self+:
 
-  'hello'.bytes # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
-  'тест'.bytes  # => [209, 130, 208, 181, 209, 129, 209, 130]
+  'hello'.bytes  # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
   'こんにちは'.bytes
   # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/bytesize.rdoc b/doc/string/bytesize.rdoc
index b0567ff67b..8d12a0d454 100644
--- a/doc/string/bytesize.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/bytesize.rdoc
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-Returns the count of bytes (not characters) in +self+:
+Returns the count of bytes in +self+.
 
-  'foo'.bytesize        # => 3
-  'тест'.bytesize       # => 8
-  'こんにちは'.bytesize   # => 15
+Note that the byte count may be different from the character count (returned by #size):
 
-Contrast with String#length:
+  s = 'foo'
+  s.bytesize # => 3
+  s.size     # => 3
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.bytesize # => 15
+  s.size     # => 5
 
-  'foo'.length       # => 3
-  'тест'.length      # => 4
-  'こんにちは'.length  # => 5
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/byteslice.rdoc b/doc/string/byteslice.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d70441fb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/byteslice.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Returns a substring of +self+, or +nil+ if the substring cannot be constructed.
+
+With integer arguments +offset+ and +length+ given,
+returns the substring beginning at the given +offset+
+and of the given +length+ (as available):
+
+  s = '0123456789'   # => "0123456789"
+  s.byteslice(2)     # => "2"
+  s.byteslice(200)   # => nil
+  s.byteslice(4, 3)  # => "456"
+  s.byteslice(4, 30) # => "456789"
+
+Returns +nil+ if +length+ is negative or +offset+ falls outside of +self+:
+
+  s.byteslice(4, -1) # => nil
+  s.byteslice(40, 2) # => nil
+
+Counts backwards from the end of +self+
+if +offset+ is negative:
+
+  s = '0123456789'   # => "0123456789"
+  s.byteslice(-4)    # => "6"
+  s.byteslice(-4, 3) # => "678"
+
+With Range argument +range+ given, returns
+<tt>byteslice(range.begin, range.size)</tt>:
+
+  s = '0123456789'    # => "0123456789"
+  s.byteslice(4..6)   # => "456"
+  s.byteslice(-6..-4) # => "456"
+  s.byteslice(5..2)   # => "" # range.size is zero.
+  s.byteslice(40..42) # => nil
+
+The starting and ending offsets need not be on character boundaries:
+
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.byteslice(0, 3) # => "こ"
+  s.byteslice(1, 3) # => "\x81\x93\xE3"
+
+The encodings of +self+ and the returned substring
+are always the same:
+
+  s.encoding                 # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s.byteslice(0, 3).encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s.byteslice(1, 3).encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+
+But, depending on the character boundaries,
+the encoding of the returned substring may not be valid:
+
+  s.valid_encoding?                 # => true
+  s.byteslice(0, 3).valid_encoding? # => true
+  s.byteslice(1, 3).valid_encoding? # => false
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/bytesplice.rdoc b/doc/string/bytesplice.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..790f9eb9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/bytesplice.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+Replaces <i>target bytes</i> in +self+ with <i>source bytes</i> from the given string +str+;
+returns +self+.
+
+In the first form, arguments +offset+ and +length+ determine the target bytes,
+and the source bytes are all of the given +str+:
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 3, 'abc')  # => "abc3456789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(3, 3, 'abc')  # => "012abc6789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 50, 'abc') # => "abc"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(50, 3, 'abc') # Raises IndexError.
+
+The counts of the target bytes and source source bytes may be different:
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 6, 'abc') # => "abc6789"      # Shorter source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 1, 'abc') # => "abc123456789" # Shorter target.
+
+And either count may be zero (i.e., specifying an empty string):
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 3, '')    # => "3456789"       # Empty source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 0, 'abc') # => "abc0123456789" # Empty target.
+
+In the second form, just as in the first,
+arguments +offset+ and +length+ determine the target bytes;
+argument +str+ _contains_ the source bytes,
+and the additional arguments +str_offset+ and +str_length+
+determine the actual source bytes:
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 3, 'abc', 0, 3) # => "abc3456789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 3, 'abc', 1, 1) # => "b3456789"      # Shorter source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 1, 'abc', 0, 3) # => "abc123456789"  # Shorter target.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 3, 'abc', 1, 0) # => "3456789"       # Empty source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0, 0, 'abc', 0, 3) # => "abc0123456789" # Empty target.
+
+In the third form, argument +range+ determines the target bytes
+and the source bytes are all of the given +str+:
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..2, 'abc')  # => "abc3456789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(3..5, 'abc')  # => "012abc6789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..5, 'abc')  # => "abc6789"       # Shorter source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..0, 'abc')  # => "abc123456789"  # Shorter target.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..2, '')     # => "3456789"       # Empty source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0...0, 'abc') # => "abc0123456789" # Empty target.
+
+In the fourth form, just as in the third,
+argument +range+ determines the target bytes;
+argument +str+ _contains_ the source bytes,
+and the additional argument +str_range+
+determines the actual source bytes:
+
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..2, 'abc', 0..2)  # => "abc3456789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(3..5, 'abc', 0..2)  # => "012abc6789"
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..2, 'abc', 0..1)  # => "ab3456789"     # Shorter source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..1, 'abc', 0..2)  # => "abc23456789"   # Shorter target.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0..2, 'abc', 0...0) # => "3456789"       # Empty source.
+  '0123456789'.bytesplice(0...0, 'abc', 0..2) # => "abc0123456789" # Empty target.
+
+In any of the forms, the beginnings and endings of both source and target
+must be on character boundaries.
+
+In these examples, +self+ has five 3-byte characters,
+and so has character boundaries at offsets 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15.
+
+  'こんにちは'.bytesplice(0, 3, 'abc') # => "abcんにちは"
+  'こんにちは'.bytesplice(1, 3, 'abc') # Raises IndexError.
+  'こんにちは'.bytesplice(0, 2, 'abc') # Raises IndexError.
diff --git a/doc/string/capitalize.rdoc b/doc/string/capitalize.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a1a2dcb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/capitalize.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Returns a string containing the characters in +self+,
+each with possibly changed case:
+
+- The first character made uppercase.
+- All other characters are made lowercase.
+
+Examples:
+
+  'hello'.capitalize  # => "Hello"
+  'HELLO'.capitalize  # => "Hello"
+  'straße'.capitalize # => "Straße"  # Lowercase 'ß' not changed.
+  'STRAẞE'.capitalize # => "Straße"  # Uppercase 'ẞ' downcased to 'ß'.
+
+Some characters (and some character sets) do not have upcase and downcase versions;
+see {Case Mapping}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc]:
+
+  s = '1, 2, 3, ...'
+  s.capitalize == s # => true
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.capitalize == s # => true
+
+The casing is affected by the given +mapping+,
+which may be +:ascii+, +:fold+, or +:turkic+;
+see {Case Mappings}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc@Case+Mappings].
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/center.rdoc b/doc/string/center.rdoc
index d53d921ad5..b86c8b5916 100644
--- a/doc/string/center.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/center.rdoc
@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@ Returns a centered copy of +self+.
 
 If integer argument +size+ is greater than the size (in characters) of +self+,
 returns a new string of length +size+ that is a copy of +self+,
-centered and padded on both ends with +pad_string+:
+centered and padded on one or both ends with +pad_string+:
 
-  'hello'.center(10)       # => "  hello   "
-  '  hello'.center(10)     # => "   hello  "
-  'hello'.center(10, 'ab') # => "abhelloaba"
-  'тест'.center(10)        # => "   тест   "
-  'こんにちは'.center(10)    # => "  こんにちは   "
+  'hello'.center(6)             # => "hello "               # Padded on one end.
+  'hello'.center(10)            # => "  hello   "           # Padded on both ends.
+  'hello'.center(20, '-|')      # => "-|-|-|-hello-|-|-|-|" # Some padding repeated.
+  'hello'.center(10, 'abcdefg') # => "abhelloabc"           # Some padding not used.
+  '  hello  '.center(13)        # => "    hello    "
+  'こんにちは'.center(10)         # => "  こんにちは   "      # Multi-byte characters.
 
-If +size+ is not greater than the size of +self+, returns a copy of +self+:
+If +size+ is less than or equal to the size of +self+, returns an unpadded copy of +self+:
 
-  'hello'.center(5)  # => "hello"
-  'hello'.center(1)  # => "hello"
+  'hello'.center(5)   # => "hello"
+  'hello'.center(-10) # => "hello"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/chars.rdoc b/doc/string/chars.rdoc
index d24a1cc3a9..47fb01b43a 100644
--- a/doc/string/chars.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/chars.rdoc
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 Returns an array of the characters in +self+:
 
   'hello'.chars     # => ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
-  'тест'.chars      # => ["т", "е", "с", "т"]
   'こんにちは'.chars # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
+  ''.chars          # => []
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/chomp.rdoc b/doc/string/chomp.rdoc
index b6fb9ff38c..4efff5c291 100644
--- a/doc/string/chomp.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/chomp.rdoc
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ if they are <tt>"\r"</tt>, <tt>"\n"</tt>, or <tt>"\r\n"</tt>
   "abc\n".chomp         # => "abc"
   "abc\r\n".chomp       # => "abc"
   "abc\n\r".chomp       # => "abc\n"
-  "тест\r\n".chomp      # => "тест"
   "こんにちは\r\n".chomp  # => "こんにちは"
 
 When +line_sep+ is <tt>''</tt> (an empty string),
@@ -25,5 +24,8 @@ removes multiple trailing occurrences of <tt>"\n"</tt> or <tt>"\r\n"</tt>
 When +line_sep+ is neither <tt>"\n"</tt> nor <tt>''</tt>,
 removes a single trailing line separator if there is one:
 
-  'abcd'.chomp('d')  # => "abc"
-  'abcdd'.chomp('d') # => "abcd"
+  'abcd'.chomp('cd')   # => "ab"
+  'abcdcd'.chomp('cd') # => "abcd"
+  'abcd'.chomp('xx')   # => "abcd"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/chop.rdoc b/doc/string/chop.rdoc
index 8ef82f8a49..d818ba467a 100644
--- a/doc/string/chop.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/chop.rdoc
@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@ Returns a new string copied from +self+, with trailing characters possibly remov
 Removes <tt>"\r\n"</tt> if those are the last two characters.
 
   "abc\r\n".chop      # => "abc"
-  "тест\r\n".chop     # => "тест"
   "こんにちは\r\n".chop # => "こんにちは"
 
 Otherwise removes the last character if it exists.
 
   'abcd'.chop     # => "abc"
-  'тест'.chop     # => "тес"
   'こんにちは'.chop # => "こんにち"
   ''.chop         # => ""
 
-If you only need to remove the newline separator at the end of the string, String#chomp is a better alternative.
+If you only need to remove the newline separator at the end of the string,
+String#chomp is a better alternative.
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/chr.rdoc b/doc/string/chr.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..153d5d71c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/chr.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Returns a string containing the first character of +self+:
+
+  'hello'.chr     # => "h"
+  'こんにちは'.chr # => "こ"
+  ''.chr          # => ""
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/codepoints.rdoc b/doc/string/codepoints.rdoc
index 0c55d3f4b9..0ad866389e 100644
--- a/doc/string/codepoints.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/codepoints.rdoc
@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@ Returns an array of the codepoints in +self+;
 each codepoint is the integer value for a character:
 
   'hello'.codepoints     # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
-  'тест'.codepoints      # => [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090]
   'こんにちは'.codepoints # => [12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
+  ''.codepoints          # => []
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/concat.rdoc b/doc/string/concat.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92ba664b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/concat.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Concatenates each object in +objects+ to +self+; returns +self+:
+
+  'foo'.concat('bar', 'baz') # => "foobarbaz"
+
+For each given object +object+ that is an integer,
+the value is considered a codepoint and converted to a character before concatenation:
+
+  'foo'.concat(32, 'bar', 32, 'baz') # => "foo bar baz" # Embeds spaces.
+  'こん'.concat(12395, 12385, 12399)  # => "こんにちは"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/count.rdoc b/doc/string/count.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a3b9f1e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/count.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Returns the total number of characters in +self+ that are specified by the given selectors.
+
+For one 1-character selector,
+returns the count of instances of that character:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.count('a') # => 5
+  s.count('b') # => 2
+  s.count('x') # => 0
+  s.count('')  # => 0
+
+  s = 'よろしくお願いします'
+  s.count('よ')  # => 1
+  s.count('し')  # => 2
+
+For one multi-character selector,
+returns the count of instances for all specified characters:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.count('ab')     # => 7
+  s.count('abc')    # => 8
+  s.count('abcd')   # => 9
+  s.count('abcdr')  # => 11
+  s.count('abcdrx') # => 11
+
+Order and repetition do not matter:
+
+  s.count('ba')   == s.count('ab') # => true
+  s.count('baab') == s.count('ab') # => true
+
+For multiple selectors,
+forms a single selector that is the intersection of characters in all selectors
+and returns the count of instances for that selector:
+
+  s = 'abcdefg'
+  s.count('abcde', 'dcbfg') == s.count('bcd') # => true
+  s.count('abc', 'def')     == s.count('')    # => true
+
+In a character selector, three characters get special treatment:
+
+- A caret (<tt>'^'</tt>) functions as a _negation_ operator
+  for the immediately following characters:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.count('^bc') # => 8  # Count of all except 'b' and 'c'.
+
+- A hyphen (<tt>'-'</tt>) between two other characters defines a _range_ of characters:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.count('a-c') # => 8  # Count of all 'a', 'b', and 'c'.
+
+- A backslash (<tt>'\'</tt>) acts as an escape for a caret, a hyphen,
+  or another backslash:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.count('\^bc')           # => 3  # Count of '^', 'b', and 'c'.
+    s.count('a\-c')           # => 6  # Count of 'a', '-', and 'c'.
+    'foo\bar\baz'.count('\\') # => 2  # Count of '\'.
+
+These usages may be mixed:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.count('a-cq-t') # => 10  # Multiple ranges.
+  s.count('ac-d')   # => 7   # Range mixed with plain characters.
+  s.count('^a-c')   # => 3   # Range mixed with negation.
+
+For multiple selectors, all forms may be used, including negations, ranges, and escapes.
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.count('^abc', '^def') == s.count('^abcdef') # => true
+  s.count('a-e', 'c-g')   == s.count('cde')     # => true
+  s.count('^abc', 'c-g')  == s.count('defg')    # => true
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/delete.rdoc b/doc/string/delete.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1827f177e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/delete.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Returns a new string that is a copy of +self+ with certain characters removed;
+the removed characters are all instances of those specified by the given string +selectors+.
+
+For one 1-character selector,
+removes all instances of that character:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.delete('a') # => "brcdbr"
+  s.delete('b') # => "aracadara"
+  s.delete('x') # => "abracadabra"
+  s.delete('')  # => "abracadabra"
+
+  s = 'よろしくお願いします'
+  s.delete('よ') # => "ろしくお願いします"
+  s.delete('し') # => "よろくお願います"
+
+For one multi-character selector,
+removes all instances of the specified characters:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.delete('ab')     # => "rcdr"
+  s.delete('abc')    # => "rdr"
+  s.delete('abcd')   # => "rr"
+  s.delete('abcdr')  # => ""
+  s.delete('abcdrx') # => ""
+
+Order and repetition do not matter:
+
+  s.delete('ba')   == s.delete('ab') # => true
+  s.delete('baab') == s.delete('ab') # => true
+
+For multiple selectors,
+forms a single selector that is the intersection of characters in all selectors
+and removes all instances of characters specified by that selector:
+
+  s = 'abcdefg'
+  s.delete('abcde', 'dcbfg') == s.delete('bcd') # => true
+  s.delete('abc', 'def')     == s.delete('')    # => true
+
+In a character selector, three characters get special treatment:
+
+- A caret (<tt>'^'</tt>) functions as a _negation_ operator
+  for the immediately following characters:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.delete('^bc') # => "bcb"  # Deletes all except 'b' and 'c'.
+
+- A hyphen (<tt>'-'</tt>) between two other characters defines a _range_ of characters:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.delete('a-c') # => "rdr"  # Deletes all 'a', 'b', and 'c'.
+
+- A backslash (<tt>'\'</tt>) acts as an escape for a caret, a hyphen,
+  or another backslash:
+
+    s = 'abracadabra'
+    s.delete('\^bc')           # => "araadara"   # Deletes all '^', 'b', and 'c'.
+    s.delete('a\-c')           # => "brdbr"      # Deletes all 'a', '-', and 'c'.
+    'foo\bar\baz'.delete('\\') # => "foobarbaz"  # Deletes all '\'.
+
+These usages may be mixed:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.delete('a-cq-t') # => "d"         # Multiple ranges.
+  s.delete('ac-d')   # => "brbr"      # Range mixed with plain characters.
+  s.delete('^a-c')   # => "abacaaba"  # Range mixed with negation.
+
+For multiple selectors, all forms may be used, including negations, ranges, and escapes.
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'
+  s.delete('^abc', '^def') == s.delete('^abcdef') # => true
+  s.delete('a-e', 'c-g')   == s.delete('cde')     # => true
+  s.delete('^abc', 'c-g')  == s.delete('defg')    # => true
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/delete_prefix.rdoc b/doc/string/delete_prefix.rdoc
index fa9d8abd38..6255e300e3 100644
--- a/doc/string/delete_prefix.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/delete_prefix.rdoc
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-Returns a copy of +self+ with leading substring <tt>prefix</tt> removed:
+Returns a copy of +self+ with leading substring +prefix+ removed:
 
-  'hello'.delete_prefix('hel')      # => "lo"
-  'hello'.delete_prefix('llo')      # => "hello"
-  'тест'.delete_prefix('те')        # => "ст"
+  'oof'.delete_prefix('o')          # => "of"
+  'oof'.delete_prefix('oo')         # => "f"
+  'oof'.delete_prefix('oof')        # => ""
+  'oof'.delete_prefix('x')          # => "oof"
   'こんにちは'.delete_prefix('こん')  # => "にちは"
 
-Related: String#delete_prefix!, String#delete_suffix.
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/delete_suffix.rdoc b/doc/string/delete_suffix.rdoc
index 4862b725cf..a4d9a80f85 100644
--- a/doc/string/delete_suffix.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/delete_suffix.rdoc
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 Returns a copy of +self+ with trailing substring <tt>suffix</tt> removed:
 
-  'hello'.delete_suffix('llo')      # => "he"
-  'hello'.delete_suffix('hel')      # => "hello"
-  'тест'.delete_suffix('ст')        # => "те"
+  'foo'.delete_suffix('o')           # => "fo"
+  'foo'.delete_suffix('oo')          # => "f"
+  'foo'.delete_suffix('foo')         # => ""
+  'foo'.delete_suffix('f')           # => "foo"
+  'foo'.delete_suffix('x')           # => "foo"
   'こんにちは'.delete_suffix('ちは')  # => "こんに"
 
-Related: String#delete_suffix!, String#delete_prefix.
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/downcase.rdoc b/doc/string/downcase.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5fffa037b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/downcase.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Returns a new string containing the downcased characters in +self+:
+
+  'HELLO'.downcase        # => "hello"
+  'STRAẞE'.downcase       # => "straße"
+  'ПРИВЕТ'.downcase       # => "привет"
+  'RubyGems.org'.downcase # => "rubygems.org"
+
+Some characters (and some character sets) do not have upcase and downcase versions;
+see {Case Mapping}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc]:
+
+  s = '1, 2, 3, ...'
+  s.downcase == s # => true
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.downcase == s # => true
+
+The casing is affected by the given +mapping+,
+which may be +:ascii+, +:fold+, or +:turkic+;
+see {Case Mappings}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc@Case+Mappings].
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/dump.rdoc b/doc/string/dump.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b688c28a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/dump.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+For an ordinary string, this method, +String#dump+,
+returns a printable ASCII-only version of +self+, enclosed in double-quotes.
+
+For a dumped string, method String#undump is the inverse of +String#dump+;
+it returns a "restored" version of +self+,
+where all the dumping changes have been undone.
+
+In the simplest case, the dumped string contains the original string,
+enclosed in double-quotes;
+this example is done in +irb+ (interactive Ruby), which uses method `inspect` to render the results:
+
+  s = 'hello'   # => "hello"
+  s.dump        # => "\"hello\""
+  s.dump.undump # => "hello"
+
+Keep in mind that in the second line above:
+
+- The outer double-quotes are put on by +inspect+,
+  and _are_ _not_ part of the output of #dump.
+- The inner double-quotes _are_ part of the output of +dump+,
+  and are escaped by +inspect+ because they are within the outer double-quotes.
+
+To avoid confusion, we'll use this helper method to omit the outer double-quotes:
+
+  def dump(s)
+    print "String:   ", s, "\n"
+    print "Dumped:   ", s.dump, "\n"
+    print "Undumped: ", s.dump.undump, "\n"
+  end
+
+So that for string <tt>'hello'</tt>, we'll see:
+
+  String:    hello
+  Dumped:    "hello"
+  Undumped:  hello
+
+In a dump, certain special characters are escaped:
+
+  String:    "
+  Dumped:    "\""
+  Undumped:  "
+
+  String:    \
+  Dumped:    "\\"
+  Undumped:  \
+
+In a dump, unprintable characters are replaced by printable ones;
+the unprintable characters are the whitespace characters (other than space itself);
+here we see the ordinals for those characters, together with explanatory text:
+
+  h = {
+     7 => 'Alert (BEL)',
+     8 => 'Backspace (BS)',
+     9 => 'Horizontal tab (HT)',
+    10 => 'Linefeed (LF)',
+    11 => 'Vertical tab (VT)',
+    12 => 'Formfeed (FF)',
+    13 => 'Carriage return (CR)'
+  }
+
+In this example, the dumped output is printed by method #inspect,
+and so contains both outer double-quotes and escaped inner double-quotes:
+
+  s = ''
+  h.keys.each {|i| s << i } # => [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
+  s                         # => "\a\b\t\n\v\f\r"
+  s.dump                    # => "\"\\a\\b\\t\\n\\v\\f\\r\""
+
+If +self+ is encoded in UTF-8 and contains Unicode characters,
+each Unicode character is dumped as a Unicode escape sequence:
+
+  String:    こんにちは
+  Dumped:    "\u3053\u3093\u306B\u3061\u306F"
+  Undumped:  こんにちは
+
+If the encoding of +self+ is not ASCII-compatible
+(i.e., if <tt>self.encoding.ascii_compatible?</tt> returns +false+),
+each ASCII-compatible byte is dumped as an ASCII character,
+and all other bytes are dumped as hexadecimal;
+also appends <tt>.dup.force_encoding(\"encoding\")</tt>,
+where <tt><encoding></tt> is <tt>self.encoding.name</tt>:
+
+  String:    hello
+  Dumped:    "\xFE\xFF\x00h\x00e\x00l\x00l\x00o".dup.force_encoding("UTF-16")
+  Undumped:  hello
+
+  String:    こんにちは
+  Dumped:    "\xFE\xFF0S0\x930k0a0o".dup.force_encoding("UTF-16")
+  Undumped:  こんにちは
diff --git a/doc/string/each_byte.rdoc b/doc/string/each_byte.rdoc
index 643118fea3..642d71e84b 100644
--- a/doc/string/each_byte.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/each_byte.rdoc
@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-Calls the given block with each successive byte from +self+;
+With a block given, calls the block with each successive byte from +self+;
 returns +self+:
 
-  'hello'.each_byte {|byte| print byte, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'тест'.each_byte {|byte| print byte, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'こんにちは'.each_byte {|byte| print byte, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
+  a = []
+  'hello'.each_byte {|byte| a.push(byte) }     # Five 1-byte characters.
+  a # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
+  a = []
+  'こんにちは'.each_byte {|byte| a.push(byte) }  # Five 3-byte characters.
+  a # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
 
-Output:
+With no block given, returns an enumerator.
+
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
 
-  104 101 108 108 111
-  209 130 208 181 209 129 209 130
-  227 129 147 227 130 147 227 129 171 227 129 161 227 129 175
 
-Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
diff --git a/doc/string/each_char.rdoc b/doc/string/each_char.rdoc
index e5ae5a1812..2dd56711d3 100644
--- a/doc/string/each_char.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/each_char.rdoc
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-Calls the given block with each successive character from +self+;
+With a block given, calls the block with each successive character from +self+;
 returns +self+:
 
-  'hello'.each_char {|char| print char, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'тест'.each_char {|char| print char, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'こんにちは'.each_char {|char| print char, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
+  a = []
+  'hello'.each_char do |char|
+    a.push(char)
+  end
+  a # => ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
+  a = []
+  'こんにちは'.each_char do |char|
+    a.push(char)
+  end
+  a # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
 
-Output:
+With no block given, returns an enumerator.
 
-  h e l l o
-  т е с т
-  こ ん に ち は
-
-Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
diff --git a/doc/string/each_codepoint.rdoc b/doc/string/each_codepoint.rdoc
index 88bfcbd1c0..8e4e7545e6 100644
--- a/doc/string/each_codepoint.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/each_codepoint.rdoc
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-Calls the given block with each successive codepoint from +self+;
-each codepoint is the integer value for a character;
+With a block given, calls the block with each successive codepoint from +self+;
+each {codepoint}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_point] is the integer value for a character;
 returns +self+:
 
-  'hello'.each_codepoint {|codepoint| print codepoint, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'тест'.each_codepoint {|codepoint| print codepoint, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
-  'こんにちは'.each_codepoint {|codepoint| print codepoint, ' ' }
-  print "\n"
+  a = []
+  'hello'.each_codepoint do |codepoint|
+    a.push(codepoint)
+  end
+  a # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
+  a = []
+  'こんにちは'.each_codepoint do |codepoint|
+    a.push(codepoint)
+  end
+  a # => [12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
 
-Output:
+With no block given, returns an enumerator.
 
-  104 101 108 108 111
-  1090 1077 1089 1090
-  12371 12435 12395 12385 12399
-
-Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
diff --git a/doc/string/each_grapheme_cluster.rdoc b/doc/string/each_grapheme_cluster.rdoc
index 40be95fcac..384cd6967d 100644
--- a/doc/string/each_grapheme_cluster.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/each_grapheme_cluster.rdoc
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
-Calls the given block with each successive grapheme cluster from +self+
+With a block given, calls the given block with each successive grapheme cluster from +self+
 (see {Unicode Grapheme Cluster Boundaries}[https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/#Grapheme_Cluster_Boundaries]);
 returns +self+:
 
-  s = "\u0061\u0308-pqr-\u0062\u0308-xyz-\u0063\u0308" # => "ä-pqr-b̈-xyz-c̈"
-  s.each_grapheme_cluster {|gc| print gc, ' ' }
+  a = []
+  'hello'.each_grapheme_cluster do |grapheme_cluster|
+    a.push(grapheme_cluster)
+  end
+  a  # => ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
 
-Output:
+  a = []
+  'こんにちは'.each_grapheme_cluster do |grapheme_cluster|
+    a.push(grapheme_cluster)
+  end
+  a # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
 
-  ä - p q r - b̈ - x y z - c̈
+With no block given, returns an enumerator.
 
-Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
diff --git a/doc/string/each_line.rdoc b/doc/string/each_line.rdoc
index e254c22d40..217c188e35 100644
--- a/doc/string/each_line.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/each_line.rdoc
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-With a block given, forms the substrings ("lines")
+With a block given, forms the substrings (lines)
 that are the result of splitting +self+
-at each occurrence of the given line separator +line_sep+;
+at each occurrence of the given +record_separator+;
 passes each line to the block;
-returns +self+:
+returns +self+.
 
+With the default +record_separator+:
+
+  $/ # => "\n"
   s = <<~EOT
   This is the first line.
   This is line two.
@@ -11,7 +14,6 @@ returns +self+:
   This is line four.
   This is line five.
   EOT
-
   s.each_line {|line| p line }
 
 Output:
@@ -22,9 +24,10 @@ Output:
   "This is line four.\n"
   "This is line five.\n"
 
-With a different +line_sep+:
+With a different +record_separator+:
 
-  s.each_line(' is ') {|line| p line }
+  record_separator = ' is '
+  s.each_line(record_separator) {|line| p line }
 
 Output:
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ Output:
   "line four.\nThis is "
   "line five.\n"
 
-With +chomp+ as +true+, removes the trailing +line_sep+ from each line:
+With +chomp+ as +true+, removes the trailing +record_separator+ from each line:
 
   s.each_line(chomp: true) {|line| p line }
 
@@ -46,11 +49,12 @@ Output:
   "This is line four."
   "This is line five."
 
-With an empty string as +line_sep+,
+With an empty string as +record_separator+,
 forms and passes "paragraphs" by splitting at each occurrence
 of two or more newlines:
 
-  s.each_line('') {|line| p line }
+  record_separator = ''
+  s.each_line(record_separator) {|line| p line }
 
 Output:
 
@@ -58,3 +62,5 @@ Output:
   "This is line four.\nThis is line five.\n"
 
 With no block given, returns an enumerator.
+
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
diff --git a/doc/string/encode.rdoc b/doc/string/encode.rdoc
index 65872fdfd4..14b959ffff 100644
--- a/doc/string/encode.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/encode.rdoc
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-Returns a copy of +self+ transcoded as determined by +dst_encoding+.
+Returns a copy of +self+ transcoded as determined by +dst_encoding+;
+see {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc].
+
 By default, raises an exception if +self+
 contains an invalid byte or a character not defined in +dst_encoding+;
 that behavior may be modified by encoding options; see below.
@@ -45,3 +47,4 @@ given, conversion from an encoding +enc+ to the same encoding +enc+
 no-op, i.e. the string is simply copied without any changes, and no
 exceptions are raised, even if there are invalid bytes.
 
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/end_with_p.rdoc b/doc/string/end_with_p.rdoc
index f959cf7aaa..9a95d74fde 100644
--- a/doc/string/end_with_p.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/end_with_p.rdoc
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-Returns whether +self+ ends with any of the given +strings+.
+Returns whether +self+ ends with any of the given +strings+:
 
-Returns +true+ if any given string matches the end, +false+ otherwise:
+  'foo'.end_with?('oo')         # => true
+  'foo'.end_with?('bar', 'oo')  # => true
+  'foo'.end_with?('bar', 'baz') # => false
+  'foo'.end_with?('')           # => true
+  'こんにちは'.end_with?('は')   # => true
 
-  'hello'.end_with?('ello')               #=> true
-  'hello'.end_with?('heaven', 'ello')     #=> true
-  'hello'.end_with?('heaven', 'paradise') #=> false
-  'тест'.end_with?('т')                   # => true
-  'こんにちは'.end_with?('は')              # => true
-
-Related: String#start_with?.
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/eql_p.rdoc b/doc/string/eql_p.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85409c5ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/eql_p.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Returns whether +self+ and +object+ have the same length and content:
+
+  s = 'foo'
+  s.eql?('foo')  # => true
+  s.eql?('food') # => false
+  s.eql?('FOO')  # => false
+
+Returns +false+ if the two strings' encodings are not compatible:
+
+  s0 = "äöü"                           # => "äöü"
+  s1 = s0.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_1) # => "\xE4\xF6\xFC"
+  s0.encoding                          # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s1.encoding                          # => #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
+  s0.eql?(s1)                          # => false
+
+See {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc].
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/force_encoding.rdoc b/doc/string/force_encoding.rdoc
index fd9615caaa..a509e67f80 100644
--- a/doc/string/force_encoding.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/force_encoding.rdoc
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-Changes the encoding of +self+ to +encoding+,
+Changes the encoding of +self+ to the given +encoding+,
 which may be a string encoding name or an Encoding object;
+does not change the underlying bytes;
 returns self:
 
   s = 'łał'
@@ -7,14 +8,14 @@ returns self:
   s.encoding                # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
   s.force_encoding('ascii') # => "\xC5\x82a\xC5\x82"
   s.encoding                # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
-
-Does not change the underlying bytes:
-
+  s.valid_encoding?         # => true
   s.bytes                   # => [197, 130, 97, 197, 130]
 
 Makes the change even if the given +encoding+ is invalid
 for +self+ (as is the change above):
 
-  s.valid_encoding?                 # => false
-  s.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) # => "łał"
-  s.valid_encoding?                 # => true
+  s.valid_encoding?         # => false
+
+See {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc].
+
+Related: see {Modifying}[rdoc-ref:String@Modifying].
diff --git a/doc/string/getbyte.rdoc b/doc/string/getbyte.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..974e21c473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/getbyte.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Returns the byte at zero-based +index+ as an integer:
+
+  s = 'foo'
+  s.getbyte(0)    # => 102
+  s.getbyte(1)    # => 111
+  s.getbyte(2)    # => 111
+
+Counts backward from the end if +index+ is negative:
+
+  s.getbyte(-3) # => 102
+
+Returns +nil+ if +index+ is out of range:
+
+  s.getbyte(3)  # => nil
+  s.getbyte(-4) # => nil
+
+More examples:
+
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.bytes      # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
+  s.getbyte(2) # => 147
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/grapheme_clusters.rdoc b/doc/string/grapheme_clusters.rdoc
index 8c7f5a7259..ee8b45700e 100644
--- a/doc/string/grapheme_clusters.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/grapheme_clusters.rdoc
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 Returns an array of the grapheme clusters in +self+
 (see {Unicode Grapheme Cluster Boundaries}[https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/#Grapheme_Cluster_Boundaries]):
 
-  s = "\u0061\u0308-pqr-\u0062\u0308-xyz-\u0063\u0308" # => "ä-pqr-b̈-xyz-c̈"
+  s = "ä-pqr-b̈-xyz-c̈"
+  s.size                   # => 16
+  s.bytesize               # => 19
+  s.grapheme_clusters.size # => 13
   s.grapheme_clusters
   # => ["ä", "-", "p", "q", "r", "-", "b̈", "-", "x", "y", "z", "-", "c̈"]
+
+Details:
+
+  s = "ä"
+  s.grapheme_clusters             # => ["ä"]           # One grapheme cluster.
+  s.bytes                         # => [97, 204, 136]  # Three bytes.
+  s.chars                         # => ["a", "̈"]       # Two characters.
+  s.chars.map {|char| char.ord }  # => [97, 776]       # Their values.
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/hash.rdoc b/doc/string/hash.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe94770ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/hash.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Returns the integer hash value for +self+.
+
+Two \String objects that have identical content and compatible encodings
+also have the same hash value;
+see Object#hash and {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc]:
+
+  s = 'foo'
+  h = s.hash       # => -569050784
+  h == 'foo'.hash  # => true
+  h == 'food'.hash # => false
+  h == 'FOO'.hash  # => false
+
+  s0 = "äöü"
+  s1 = s0.encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_1)
+  s0.encoding        # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s1.encoding        # => #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
+  s0.hash == s1.hash # => false
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/index.rdoc b/doc/string/index.rdoc
index ce09a37bdf..c3cff24dac 100644
--- a/doc/string/index.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/index.rdoc
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-Returns the integer index of the first match for the given argument,
-or +nil+ if none found;
-the search of +self+ is forward, and begins at position +offset+ (in characters).
+Returns the integer position of the first substring that matches the given argument +pattern+,
+or +nil+ if none found.
 
-With string argument +substring+,
+When +pattern+ is a string,
 returns the index of the first matching substring in +self+:
 
   'foo'.index('f')         # => 0
   'foo'.index('o')         # => 1
   'foo'.index('oo')        # => 1
   'foo'.index('ooo')       # => nil
-  'тест'.index('с')        # => 2
-  'こんにちは'.index('ち')   # => 3
+  'こんにちは'.index('ち')  # => 3
 
-With Regexp argument +regexp+, returns the index of the first match in +self+:
+When +pattern+ is a Regexp, returns the index of the first match in +self+:
 
   'foo'.index(/o./) # => 1
   'foo'.index(/.o/) # => 0
 
-With positive integer +offset+, begins the search at position +offset+:
+When +offset+ is non-negative, begins the search at position +offset+;
+the returned index is relative to the beginning of +self+:
 
-  'foo'.index('o', 1)        # => 1
-  'foo'.index('o', 2)        # => 2
-  'foo'.index('o', 3)        # => nil
-  'тест'.index('с', 1)       # => 2
-  'こんにちは'.index('ち', 2)  # => 3
+  'bar'.index('r', 0)        # => 2
+  'bar'.index('r', 1)        # => 2
+  'bar'.index('r', 2)        # => 2
+  'bar'.index('r', 3)        # => nil
+  'bar'.index(/[r-z]/, 0)    # => 2
+  'こんにちは'.index('ち', 2) # => 3
 
-With negative integer +offset+, selects the search position by counting backward
+With negative integer argument +offset+, selects the search position by counting backward
 from the end of +self+:
 
   'foo'.index('o', -1)  # => 2
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ from the end of +self+:
   'foo'.index(/o./, -2) # => 1
   'foo'.index(/.o/, -2) # => 1
 
-Related: String#rindex.
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/insert.rdoc b/doc/string/insert.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73205f2069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/insert.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Inserts the given +other_string+ into +self+; returns +self+.
+
+If the given +index+ is non-negative, inserts +other_string+ at offset +index+:
+
+  'foo'.insert(0, 'bar')       # => "barfoo"
+  'foo'.insert(1, 'bar')       # => "fbaroo"
+  'foo'.insert(3, 'bar')       # => "foobar"
+  'こんにちは'.insert(2, 'bar') # => "こんbarにちは"
+
+If the +index+ is negative, counts backward from the end of +self+
+and inserts +other_string+ _after_ the offset:
+
+  'foo'.insert(-2, 'bar') # => "fobaro"
+
+Related: see {Modifying}[rdoc-ref:String@Modifying].
diff --git a/doc/string/inspect.rdoc b/doc/string/inspect.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..398a5a74c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/inspect.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Returns a printable version of +self+, enclosed in double-quotes.
+
+Most printable characters are rendered simply as themselves:
+
+  'abc'.inspect        # => "\"abc\""
+  '012'.inspect        # => "\"012\""
+  ''.inspect           # => "\"\""
+  "\u000012".inspect   # => "\"\\u000012\""
+  'こんにちは'.inspect  # => "\"こんにちは\""
+
+But printable characters double-quote (<tt>'"'</tt>) and backslash and (<tt>'\\'</tt>) are escaped:
+
+  '"'.inspect  # => "\"\\\"\""
+  '\\'.inspect # => "\"\\\\\""
+
+Unprintable characters are the {ASCII characters}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII]
+whose values are in range <tt>0..31</tt>,
+along with the character whose value is +127+.
+
+Most of these characters are rendered thus:
+
+  0.chr.inspect # => "\"\\x00\""
+  1.chr.inspect # => "\"\\x01\""
+  2.chr.inspect # => "\"\\x02\""
+  # ...
+
+A few, however, have special renderings:
+
+  7.chr.inspect  # => "\"\\a\""  # BEL
+  8.chr.inspect  # => "\"\\b\""  # BS
+  9.chr.inspect  # => "\"\\t\""  # TAB
+  10.chr.inspect # => "\"\\n\""  # LF
+  11.chr.inspect # => "\"\\v\""  # VT
+  12.chr.inspect # => "\"\\f\""  # FF
+  13.chr.inspect # => "\"\\r\""  # CR
+  27.chr.inspect # => "\"\\e\""  # ESC
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/intern.rdoc b/doc/string/intern.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c82302b906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/intern.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Returns the Symbol object derived from +self+,
+creating it if it did not already exist:
+
+  'foo'.intern       # => :foo
+  'こんにちは'.intern # => :こんにちは
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
+
diff --git a/doc/string/length.rdoc b/doc/string/length.rdoc
index 544bca269f..eb68edb10c 100644
--- a/doc/string/length.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/length.rdoc
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 Returns the count of characters (not bytes) in +self+:
 
   'foo'.length        # => 3
-  'тест'.length       # => 4
-  'こんにちは'.length   # => 5
+  'こんにちは'.length  # => 5
 
 Contrast with String#bytesize:
 
   'foo'.bytesize        # => 3
-  'тест'.bytesize       # => 8
-  'こんにちは'.bytesize   # => 15
+  'こんにちは'.bytesize  # => 15
 
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/ljust.rdoc b/doc/string/ljust.rdoc
index 8e23c1fc8f..a8ca62ee76 100644
--- a/doc/string/ljust.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/ljust.rdoc
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
-Returns a left-justified copy of +self+.
-
-If integer argument +size+ is greater than the size (in characters) of +self+,
-returns a new string of length +size+ that is a copy of +self+,
-left justified and padded on the right with +pad_string+:
+Returns a copy of +self+, left-justified and, if necessary, right-padded with the +pad_string+:
 
   'hello'.ljust(10)       # => "hello     "
   '  hello'.ljust(10)     # => "  hello   "
   'hello'.ljust(10, 'ab') # => "helloababa"
-  'тест'.ljust(10)        # => "тест      "
-  'こんにちは'.ljust(10)    # => "こんにちは     "
+  'こんにちは'.ljust(10)   # => "こんにちは     "
 
-If +size+ is not greater than the size of +self+, returns a copy of +self+:
+If <tt>width <= self.length</tt>, returns a copy of +self+:
 
   'hello'.ljust(5)  # => "hello"
-  'hello'.ljust(1)  # => "hello"
+  'hello'.ljust(1)  # => "hello"  # Does not truncate to width.
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/new.rdoc b/doc/string/new.rdoc
index 1d44291f76..e2752d6e1f 100644
--- a/doc/string/new.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/new.rdoc
@@ -1,34 +1,38 @@
-Returns a new \String that is a copy of +string+.
+Returns a new \String object containing the given +string+.
 
-With no arguments, returns the empty string with the Encoding <tt>ASCII-8BIT</tt>:
+The +options+ are optional keyword options (see below).
 
-  s = String.new
-  s # => ""
-  s.encoding # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>
+With no argument given and keyword +encoding+ also not given,
+returns an empty string with the Encoding <tt>ASCII-8BIT</tt>:
 
-With optional argument +string+ and no keyword arguments,
-returns a copy of +string+ with the same encoding:
+  s = String.new # => ""
+  s.encoding     # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>
 
-  String.new('foo')               # => "foo"
-  String.new('тест')              # => "тест"
-  String.new('こんにちは')          # => "こんにちは"
+With argument +string+ given and keyword option +encoding+ not given,
+returns a new string with the same encoding as +string+:
+
+  s0 = 'foo'.encode(Encoding::UTF_16)
+  s1 = String.new(s0)
+  s1.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-16 (dummy)>
 
 (Unlike \String.new,
 a {string literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@String+Literals] like <tt>''</tt> or a
 {here document literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Here+Document+Literals]
 always has {script encoding}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Script+Encoding].)
 
-With optional keyword argument +encoding+, returns a copy of +string+
-with the specified encoding;
+With keyword option +encoding+ given,
+returns a string with the specified encoding;
 the +encoding+ may be an Encoding object, an encoding name,
 or an encoding name alias:
 
+  String.new(encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).encoding        # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  String.new('', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).encoding    # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
   String.new('foo', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
   String.new('foo', encoding: 'US-ASCII').encoding         # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
   String.new('foo', encoding: 'ASCII').encoding            # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
 
 The given encoding need not be valid for the string's content,
-and that validity is not checked:
+and its validity is not checked:
 
   s = String.new('こんにちは', encoding: 'ascii')
   s.valid_encoding? # => false
@@ -37,19 +41,11 @@ But the given +encoding+ itself is checked:
 
   String.new('foo', encoding: 'bar') # Raises ArgumentError.
 
-With optional keyword argument +capacity+, returns a copy of +string+
-(or an empty string, if +string+ is not given);
-the given +capacity+ is advisory only,
+With keyword option +capacity+ given,
+the given value is advisory only,
 and may or may not set the size of the internal buffer,
 which may in turn affect performance:
 
-  String.new(capacity: 1)
-  String.new('foo', capacity: 4096)
-
-Note that Ruby strings are null-terminated internally, so the internal
-buffer size will be one or more bytes larger than the requested capacity
-depending on the encoding.
-
-The +string+, +encoding+, and +capacity+ arguments may all be used together:
-
-  String.new('hello', encoding: 'UTF-8', capacity: 25)
+  String.new('foo', capacity: 1)    # Buffer size is at least 4 (includes terminal null byte).
+  String.new('foo', capacity: 4096) # Buffer size is at least 4;
+                                    # may be equal to, greater than, or less than 4096.
diff --git a/doc/string/ord.rdoc b/doc/string/ord.rdoc
index d586363d44..8c460d3ba4 100644
--- a/doc/string/ord.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/ord.rdoc
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ Returns the integer ordinal of the first character of +self+:
 
   'h'.ord         # => 104
   'hello'.ord     # => 104
-  'тест'.ord      # => 1090
   'こんにちは'.ord  # => 12371
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/partition.rdoc b/doc/string/partition.rdoc
index ebe575e8eb..b2e620a9fc 100644
--- a/doc/string/partition.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/partition.rdoc
@@ -1,24 +1,43 @@
 Returns a 3-element array of substrings of +self+.
 
-Matches a pattern against +self+, scanning from the beginning.
-The pattern is:
+If +pattern+ is matched, returns the array:
 
-- +string_or_regexp+ itself, if it is a Regexp.
-- <tt>Regexp.quote(string_or_regexp)</tt>, if +string_or_regexp+ is a string.
+  [pre_match, first_match, post_match]
 
-If the pattern is matched, returns pre-match, first-match, post-match:
+where:
 
-  'hello'.partition('l')      # => ["he", "l", "lo"]
-  'hello'.partition('ll')     # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
-  'hello'.partition('h')      # => ["", "h", "ello"]
-  'hello'.partition('o')      # => ["hell", "o", ""]
-  'hello'.partition(/l+/)     #=> ["he", "ll", "o"]
-  'hello'.partition('')       # => ["", "", "hello"]
-  'тест'.partition('т')       # => ["", "т", "ест"]
-  'こんにちは'.partition('に')  # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]
+- +first_match+ is the first-found matching substring.
+- +pre_match+ and +post_match+ are the preceding and following substrings.
 
-If the pattern is not matched, returns a copy of +self+ and two empty strings:
+If +pattern+ is not matched, returns the array:
 
-  'hello'.partition('x') # => ["hello", "", ""]
+  [self.dup, "", ""]
 
-Related: String#rpartition, String#split.
+Note that in the examples below, a returned string <tt>'hello'</tt>
+is a copy of +self+, not +self+.
+
+If +pattern+ is a Regexp, performs the equivalent of <tt>self.match(pattern)</tt>
+(also setting {matched-data variables}[rdoc-ref:language/globals.md@Matched+Data]):
+
+  'hello'.partition(/h/)  # => ["", "h", "ello"]
+  'hello'.partition(/l/)  # => ["he", "l", "lo"]
+  'hello'.partition(/l+/) # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
+  'hello'.partition(/o/)  # => ["hell", "o", ""]
+  'hello'.partition(/^/)  # => ["", "", "hello"]
+  'hello'.partition(//)   # => ["", "", "hello"]
+  'hello'.partition(/$/)  # => ["hello", "", ""]
+  'hello'.partition(/x/)  # => ["hello", "", ""]
+
+If +pattern+ is not a Regexp, converts it to a string (if it is not already one),
+then performs the equivalent of <tt>self.index(pattern)</tt>
+(and does _not_ set {matched-data global variables}[rdoc-ref:language/globals.md@Matched+Data]):
+
+  'hello'.partition('h')     # => ["", "h", "ello"]
+  'hello'.partition('l')     # => ["he", "l", "lo"]
+  'hello'.partition('ll')    # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
+  'hello'.partition('o')     # => ["hell", "o", ""]
+  'hello'.partition('')      # => ["", "", "hello"]
+  'hello'.partition('x')     # => ["hello", "", ""]
+  'こんにちは'.partition('に') # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/rindex.rdoc b/doc/string/rindex.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b81c3716d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/rindex.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Returns the integer position of the _last_ substring that matches the given argument +pattern+,
+or +nil+ if none found.
+
+When +pattern+ is a string, returns the index of the last matching substring in self:
+
+  'foo'.rindex('f')       # => 0
+  'foo'.rindex('o')       # => 2
+  'foo'.rindex('oo'       # => 1
+  'foo'.rindex('ooo')     # => nil
+  'こんにちは'.rindex('ち') # => 3
+
+When +pattern+ is a Regexp, returns the index of the last match in self:
+
+  'foo'.rindex(/f/)   # => 0
+  'foo'.rindex(/o/)   # => 2
+  'foo'.rindex(/oo/)  # => 1
+  'foo'.rindex(/ooo/) # => nil
+
+When +offset+ is non-negative, it specifies the maximum starting position in the
+string to end the search:
+
+  'foo'.rindex('o', 0) # => nil
+  'foo'.rindex('o', 1) # => 1
+  'foo'.rindex('o', 2) # => 2
+  'foo'.rindex('o', 3) # => 2
+
+With negative integer argument +offset+,
+selects the search position by counting backward from the end of +self+:
+
+  'foo'.rindex('o', -1) # => 2
+  'foo'.rindex('o', -2) # => 1
+  'foo'.rindex('o', -3) # => nil
+  'foo'.rindex('o', -4) # => nil
+
+The last match means starting at the possible last position, not
+the last of longest matches:
+
+  'foo'.rindex(/o+/) # => 2
+  $~                 # => #<MatchData "o">
+
+To get the last longest match, combine with negative lookbehind:
+
+  'foo'.rindex(/(?<!o)o+/) # => 1
+  $~                       # => #<MatchData "oo">
+
+Or String#index with negative lookforward.
+
+  'foo'.index(/o+(?!.*o)/) # => 1
+  $~                       # => #<MatchData "oo">
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/rjust.rdoc b/doc/string/rjust.rdoc
index 24e7bf3159..acd3f198d4 100644
--- a/doc/string/rjust.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/rjust.rdoc
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 Returns a right-justified copy of +self+.
 
-If integer argument +size+ is greater than the size (in characters) of +self+,
-returns a new string of length +size+ that is a copy of +self+,
+If integer argument +width+ is greater than the size (in characters) of +self+,
+returns a new string of length +width+ that is a copy of +self+,
 right justified and padded on the left with +pad_string+:
 
   'hello'.rjust(10)       # => "     hello"
   'hello  '.rjust(10)     # => "   hello  "
   'hello'.rjust(10, 'ab') # => "ababahello"
-  'тест'.rjust(10)        # => "      тест"
   'こんにちは'.rjust(10)    # => "     こんにちは"
 
-If +size+ is not greater than the size of +self+, returns a copy of +self+:
+If <tt>width <= self.size</tt>, returns a copy of +self+:
 
   'hello'.rjust(5, 'ab')  # => "hello"
   'hello'.rjust(1, 'ab')  # => "hello"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/rpartition.rdoc b/doc/string/rpartition.rdoc
index d24106fb9f..add95b1f40 100644
--- a/doc/string/rpartition.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/rpartition.rdoc
@@ -1,24 +1,47 @@
 Returns a 3-element array of substrings of +self+.
 
-Matches a pattern against +self+, scanning backwards from the end.
-The pattern is:
+Searches +self+ for a match of +pattern+, seeking the _last_ match.
 
-- +string_or_regexp+ itself, if it is a Regexp.
-- <tt>Regexp.quote(string_or_regexp)</tt>, if +string_or_regexp+ is a string.
+If +pattern+ is not matched, returns the array:
 
-If the pattern is matched, returns pre-match, last-match, post-match:
+  ["", "", self.dup]
 
-  'hello'.rpartition('l')      # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
-  'hello'.rpartition('ll')     # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
-  'hello'.rpartition('h')      # => ["", "h", "ello"]
-  'hello'.rpartition('o')      # => ["hell", "o", ""]
-  'hello'.rpartition(/l+/)     # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
-  'hello'.rpartition('')       # => ["hello", "", ""]
-  'тест'.rpartition('т')       # => ["тес", "т", ""]
-  'こんにちは'.rpartition('に')  # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]
+If +pattern+ is matched, returns the array:
 
-If the pattern is not matched, returns two empty strings and a copy of +self+:
+  [pre_match, last_match, post_match]
 
-  'hello'.rpartition('x') # => ["", "", "hello"]
+where:
 
-Related: String#partition, String#split.
+- +last_match+ is the last-found matching substring.
+- +pre_match+ and +post_match+ are the preceding and following substrings.
+
+The pattern used is:
+
+- +pattern+ itself, if it is a Regexp.
+- <tt>Regexp.quote(pattern)</tt>, if +pattern+ is a string.
+
+Note that in the examples below, a returned string <tt>'hello'</tt> is a copy of +self+, not +self+.
+
+If +pattern+ is a Regexp, searches for the last matching substring
+(also setting {matched-data global variables}[rdoc-ref:language/globals.md@Matched+Data]):
+
+  'hello'.rpartition(/l/)     # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
+  'hello'.rpartition(/ll/)    # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
+  'hello'.rpartition(/h/)     # => ["", "h", "ello"]
+  'hello'.rpartition(/o/)     # => ["hell", "o", ""]
+  'hello'.rpartition(//)      # => ["hello", "", ""]
+  'hello'.rpartition(/x/)     # => ["", "", "hello"]
+  'こんにちは'.rpartition(/に/) # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]
+
+If +pattern+ is not a Regexp, converts it to a string (if it is not already one),
+then searches for the last matching substring
+(and does _not_ set {matched-data global variables}[rdoc-ref:language/globals.md@Matched+Data]):
+
+  'hello'.rpartition('l')     # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
+  'hello'.rpartition('ll')    # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
+  'hello'.rpartition('h')     # => ["", "h", "ello"]
+  'hello'.rpartition('o')     # => ["hell", "o", ""]
+  'hello'.rpartition('')      # => ["hello", "", ""]
+  'こんにちは'.rpartition('に') # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/scan.rdoc b/doc/string/scan.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d39b5b6dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/scan.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Matches a pattern against +self+:
+
+- If +pattern+ is a Regexp, the pattern used is +pattern+ itself.
+- If +pattern+ is a string, the pattern used is <tt>Regexp.quote(pattern)</tt>.
+
+Generates a collection of matching results
+and updates {regexp-related global variables}[rdoc-ref:Regexp@Global+Variables]:
+
+- If the pattern contains no groups, each result is a matched substring.
+- If the pattern contains groups, each result is an array
+  containing a matched substring for each group.
+
+With no block given, returns an array of the results:
+
+  'cruel world'.scan(/\w+/)      # => ["cruel", "world"]
+  'cruel world'.scan(/.../)      # => ["cru", "el ", "wor"]
+  'cruel world'.scan(/(...)/)    # => [["cru"], ["el "], ["wor"]]
+  'cruel world'.scan(/(..)(..)/) # => [["cr", "ue"], ["l ", "wo"]]
+  'こんにちは'.scan(/../)         # => ["こん", "にち"]
+  'abracadabra'.scan('ab')       # => ["ab", "ab"]
+  'abracadabra'.scan('nosuch')   # => []
+
+With a block given, calls the block with each result; returns +self+:
+
+  'cruel world'.scan(/\w+/) {|w| p w }
+  # => "cruel"
+  # => "world"
+  'cruel world'.scan(/(.)(.)/) {|x, y| p [x, y] }
+  # => ["c", "r"]
+  # => ["u", "e"]
+  # => ["l", " "]
+  # => ["w", "o"]
+  # => ["r", "l"]
+
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/scrub.rdoc b/doc/string/scrub.rdoc
index 1a5b1c79d0..314b28c465 100644
--- a/doc/string/scrub.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/scrub.rdoc
@@ -1,25 +1,22 @@
 Returns a copy of +self+ with each invalid byte sequence replaced
 by the given +replacement_string+.
 
-With no block given and no argument, replaces each invalid sequence
-with the default replacement string
-(<tt>"�"</tt> for a Unicode encoding, <tt>'?'</tt> otherwise):
+With no block given, replaces each invalid sequence
+with the given +default_replacement_string+
+(by default, <tt>"�"</tt> for a Unicode encoding, <tt>'?'</tt> otherwise):
 
-  s = "foo\x81\x81bar"
-  s.scrub # => "foo��bar"
+  "foo\x81\x81bar".scrub                            # => "foo��bar"
+  "foo\x81\x81bar".force_encoding('US-ASCII').scrub # => "foo??bar"
+  "foo\x81\x81bar".scrub('xyzzy')                   # => "fooxyzzyxyzzybar"
 
-With no block given and argument +replacement_string+ given,
-replaces each invalid sequence with that string:
+With a block given, calls the block with each invalid sequence,
+and replaces that sequence with the return value of the block:
 
-  "foo\x81\x81bar".scrub('xyzzy') # => "fooxyzzyxyzzybar"
+  "foo\x81\x81bar".scrub {|sequence| p sequence; 'XYZZY' } # => "fooXYZZYXYZZYbar"
 
-With a block given, replaces each invalid sequence with the value
-of the block:
-
-  "foo\x81\x81bar".scrub {|bytes| p bytes; 'XYZZY' }
-  # => "fooXYZZYXYZZYbar"
-
-Output:
+Output :
 
   "\x81"
   "\x81"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/split.rdoc b/doc/string/split.rdoc
index 95dda3c654..8679149003 100644
--- a/doc/string/split.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/split.rdoc
@@ -1,84 +1,101 @@
-Returns an array of substrings of +self+
-that are the result of splitting +self+
+Creates an array of substrings by splitting +self+
 at each occurrence of the given field separator +field_sep+.
 
-When +field_sep+ is <tt>$;</tt>:
+With no arguments given,
+splits using the field separator <tt>$;</tt>,
+whose default value is +nil+.
 
-- If <tt>$;</tt> is +nil+ (its default value),
-  the split occurs just as if +field_sep+ were given as a space character
-  (see below).
+With no block given, returns the array of substrings:
 
-- If <tt>$;</tt> is a string,
-  the split occurs just as if +field_sep+ were given as that string
-  (see below).
+  'abracadabra'.split('a') # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"]
 
-When +field_sep+ is <tt>' '</tt> and +limit+ is +0+ (its default value),
-the split occurs at each sequence of whitespace:
+When +field_sep+ is +nil+ or <tt>' '</tt> (a single space),
+splits at each sequence of whitespace:
 
-  'abc def ghi'.split(' ')         => ["abc", "def", "ghi"]
-  "abc \n\tdef\t\n  ghi".split(' ') # => ["abc", "def", "ghi"]
-  'abc  def   ghi'.split(' ')      => ["abc", "def", "ghi"]
-  ''.split(' ')                    => []
+  'foo bar baz'.split(nil)          # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+  'foo bar baz'.split(' ')          # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+  "foo \n\tbar\t\n  baz".split(' ') # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+  'foo  bar   baz'.split(' ')       # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+  ''.split(' ')                     # => []
 
-When +field_sep+ is a string different from <tt>' '</tt>
-and +limit+ is +0+,
-the split occurs at each occurrence of +field_sep+;
-trailing empty substrings are not returned:
+When +field_sep+ is an empty string,
+splits at every character:
 
-  'abracadabra'.split('ab')  => ["", "racad", "ra"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a')     => ["", "", "", "bcd"]
-  ''.split('a')              => []
-  '3.14159'.split('1')       => ["3.", "4", "59"]
-  '!@#$%^$&*($)_+'.split('$') # => ["!@#", "%^", "&*(", ")_+"]
-  'тест'.split('т')          => ["", "ес"]
-  'こんにちは'.split('に')     => ["こん", "ちは"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('') # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
+  ''.split('')            # => []
+  'こんにちは'.split('')   # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
 
-When +field_sep+ is a Regexp and +limit+ is +0+,
-the split occurs at each occurrence of a match;
-trailing empty substrings are not returned:
+When +field_sep+ is a non-empty string and different from <tt>' '</tt> (a single space),
+uses that string as the separator:
+
+  'abracadabra'.split('a')  # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('ab') # => ["", "racad", "ra"]
+  ''.split('a')             # => []
+  'こんにちは'.split('に')    # => ["こん", "ちは"]
+
+When +field_sep+ is a Regexp,
+splits at each occurrence of a matching substring:
 
   'abracadabra'.split(/ab/) # => ["", "racad", "ra"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split(/a/)   => ["", "", "", "bcd"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split(//)    => ["a", "a", "a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "a", "a"]
   '1 + 1 == 2'.split(/\W+/) # => ["1", "1", "2"]
+  'abracadabra'.split(//)   # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
 
-If the \Regexp contains groups, their matches are also included
+If the \Regexp contains groups, their matches are included
 in the returned array:
 
   '1:2:3'.split(/(:)()()/, 2) # => ["1", ":", "", "", "2:3"]
 
-As seen above, if +limit+ is +0+,
-trailing empty substrings are not returned:
+Argument +limit+ sets a limit on the size of the returned array;
+it also determines whether trailing empty strings are included in the returned array.
+
+When +limit+ is zero,
+there is no limit on the size of the array,
+but trailing empty strings are omitted:
+
+  'abracadabra'.split('', 0)  # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('a', 0) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br"]  # Empty string after last 'a' omitted.
+
+When +limit+ is a positive integer,
+there is a limit on the size of the array (no more than <tt>n - 1</tt> splits occur),
+and trailing empty strings are included:
+
+  'abracadabra'.split('', 3)   # => ["a", "b", "racadabra"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('a', 3)  # => ["", "br", "cadabra"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('', 30)  # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a", ""]
+  'abracadabra'.split('a', 30) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br", ""]
+  'abracadabra'.split('', 1)   # => ["abracadabra"]
+  'abracadabra'.split('a', 1)  # => ["abracadabra"]
+
+When +limit+ is negative,
+there is no limit on the size of the array,
+and trailing empty strings are omitted:
+
+  'abracadabra'.split('', -1)  # => ["a", "b", "r", "a", "c", "a", "d", "a", "b", "r", "a", ""]
+  'abracadabra'.split('a', -1) # => ["", "br", "c", "d", "br", ""]
 
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a')   => ["", "", "", "bcd"]
+If a block is given, it is called with each substring and returns +self+:
 
-If +limit+ is positive integer +n+, no more than <tt>n - 1-</tt>
-splits occur, so that at most +n+ substrings are returned,
-and trailing empty substrings are included:
+  'foo bar baz'.split(' ') {|substring| p substring }
 
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', 1) # => ["aaabcdaaa"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', 2) # => ["", "aabcdaaa"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', 5) # => ["", "", "", "bcd", "aa"]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', 7) # => ["", "", "", "bcd", "", "", ""]
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', 8) # => ["", "", "", "bcd", "", "", ""]
+Output :
 
-Note that if +field_sep+ is a \Regexp containing groups,
-their matches are in the returned array, but do not count toward the limit.
+  "foo"
+  "bar"
+  "baz"
 
-If +limit+ is negative, it behaves the same as if +limit+ was zero,
-meaning that there is no limit,
-and trailing empty substrings are included:
+Note that the above example is functionally equivalent to:
 
-  'aaabcdaaa'.split('a', -1) # => ["", "", "", "bcd", "", "", ""]
+   'foo bar baz'.split(' ').each {|substring| p substring }
 
-If a block is given, it is called with each substring:
+Output :
 
-  'abc def ghi'.split(' ') {|substring| p substring }
+  "foo"
+  "bar"
+  "baz"
 
-Output:
+But the latter:
 
-  "abc"
-  "def"
-  "ghi"
+- Has poorer performance because it creates an intermediate array.
+- Returns an array (instead of +self+).
 
-Related: String#partition, String#rpartition.
+Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non-String].
diff --git a/doc/string/squeeze.rdoc b/doc/string/squeeze.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a38c08b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/squeeze.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Returns a copy of +self+ with each tuple (doubling, tripling, etc.) of specified characters
+"squeezed" down to a single character.
+
+The tuples to be squeezed are specified by arguments +selectors+,
+each of which is a string;
+see {Character Selectors}[rdoc-ref:character_selectors.rdoc@Character+Selectors].
+
+A single argument may be a single character:
+
+  'Noooooo!'.squeeze('o')      # => "No!"
+  'foo  bar  baz'.squeeze(' ') # => "foo bar baz"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('s')   # => "Misisippi"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('p')   # => "Mississipi"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('x')   # => "Mississippi"  # Unused selector character is ignored.
+  'бессонница'.squeeze('с')    # => "бесонница"
+  'бессонница'.squeeze('н')    # => "бессоница"
+
+A single argument may be a string of characters:
+
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('sp')       # => "Misisipi"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('ps')       # => "Misisipi"   # Order doesn't matter.
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('nonsense') # => "Misisippi"  # Unused selector characters are ignored.
+
+A single argument may be a range of characters:
+
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('a-p') # => "Mississipi"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('q-z') # => "Misisippi"
+  'Mississippi'.squeeze('a-z') # => "Misisipi"
+
+Multiple arguments are allowed;
+see {Multiple Character Selectors}[rdoc-ref:character_selectors.rdoc@Multiple+Character+Selectors].
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/start_with_p.rdoc b/doc/string/start_with_p.rdoc
index 5d1f9f9543..f78edc7fa3 100644
--- a/doc/string/start_with_p.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/start_with_p.rdoc
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-Returns whether +self+ starts with any of the given +string_or_regexp+.
+Returns whether +self+ starts with any of the given +patterns+.
 
-Matches patterns against the beginning of +self+.
-For each given +string_or_regexp+, the pattern is:
+For each argument, the pattern used is:
 
-- +string_or_regexp+ itself, if it is a Regexp.
-- <tt>Regexp.quote(string_or_regexp)</tt>, if +string_or_regexp+ is a string.
+- The pattern itself, if it is a Regexp.
+- <tt>Regexp.quote(pattern)</tt>, if it is a string.
 
 Returns +true+ if any pattern matches the beginning, +false+ otherwise:
 
@@ -12,7 +11,6 @@ Returns +true+ if any pattern matches the beginning, +false+ otherwise:
   'hello'.start_with?(/H/i)                 # => true
   'hello'.start_with?('heaven', 'hell')     # => true
   'hello'.start_with?('heaven', 'paradise') # => false
-  'тест'.start_with?('т')                   # => true
   'こんにちは'.start_with?('こ')              # => true
 
-Related: String#end_with?.
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/sub.rdoc b/doc/string/sub.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff051ea177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/sub.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Returns a copy of self, possibly with a substring replaced.
+
+Argument +pattern+ may be a string or a Regexp;
+argument +replacement+ may be a string or a Hash.
+
+Varying types for the argument values makes this method very versatile.
+
+Below are some simple examples; for many more examples,
+see {Substitution Methods}[rdoc-ref:String@Substitution+Methods].
+
+With arguments +pattern+ and string +replacement+ given,
+replaces the first matching substring with the given replacement string:
+
+  s = 'abracadabra'       # => "abracadabra"
+  s.sub('bra', 'xyzzy')   # => "axyzzycadabra"
+  s.sub(/bra/, 'xyzzy')   # => "axyzzycadabra"
+  s.sub('nope', 'xyzzy')  # => "abracadabra"
+
+With arguments +pattern+ and hash +replacement+ given,
+replaces the first matching substring with a value from the given replacement hash, or removes it:
+
+  h = {'a' => 'A', 'b' => 'B', 'c' => 'C'}
+  s.sub('b', h)  # => "aBracadabra"
+  s.sub(/b/, h)  # => "aBracadabra"
+  s.sub(/d/, h)  # => "abracaabra"  # 'd' removed.
+
+With argument +pattern+ and a block given,
+calls the block with each matching substring;
+replaces that substring with the block’s return value:
+
+  s.sub('b') {|match| match.upcase } # => "aBracadabra"
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/succ.rdoc b/doc/string/succ.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4b936a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/succ.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Returns the successor to +self+. The successor is calculated by
+incrementing characters.
+
+The first character to be incremented is the rightmost alphanumeric:
+or, if no alphanumerics, the rightmost character:
+
+  'THX1138'.succ   # => "THX1139"
+  '<<koala>>'.succ # => "<<koalb>>"
+  '***'.succ       # => '**+'
+  'こんにちは'.succ  # => "こんにちば"
+
+The successor to a digit is another digit, "carrying" to the next-left
+character for a "rollover" from 9 to 0, and prepending another digit
+if necessary:
+
+  '00'.succ # => "01"
+  '09'.succ # => "10"
+  '99'.succ # => "100"
+
+The successor to a letter is another letter of the same case,
+carrying to the next-left character for a rollover,
+and prepending another same-case letter if necessary:
+
+  'aa'.succ # => "ab"
+  'az'.succ # => "ba"
+  'zz'.succ # => "aaa"
+  'AA'.succ # => "AB"
+  'AZ'.succ # => "BA"
+  'ZZ'.succ # => "AAA"
+
+The successor to a non-alphanumeric character is the next character
+in the underlying character set's collating sequence,
+carrying to the next-left character for a rollover,
+and prepending another character if necessary:
+
+  s = 0.chr * 3   # => "\x00\x00\x00"
+  s.succ        # => "\x00\x00\x01"
+  s = 255.chr * 3 # => "\xFF\xFF\xFF"
+  s.succ        # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+
+Carrying can occur between and among mixtures of alphanumeric characters:
+
+  s = 'zz99zz99' # => "zz99zz99"
+  s.succ         # => "aaa00aa00"
+  s = '99zz99zz' # => "99zz99zz"
+  s.succ         # => "100aa00aa"
+
+The successor to an empty +String+ is a new empty +String+:
+
+  ''.succ # => ""
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/sum.rdoc b/doc/string/sum.rdoc
index 5de24e6402..22045e5f4d 100644
--- a/doc/string/sum.rdoc
+++ b/doc/string/sum.rdoc
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-Returns a basic +n+-bit checksum of the characters in +self+;
+Returns a basic +n+-bit {checksum}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum] of the characters in +self+;
 the checksum is the sum of the binary value of each byte in +self+,
 modulo <tt>2**n - 1</tt>:
 
   'hello'.sum     # => 532
   'hello'.sum(4)  # => 4
   'hello'.sum(64) # => 532
-  'тест'.sum      # => 1405
   'こんにちは'.sum  # => 2582
 
 This is not a particularly strong checksum.
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/string/swapcase.rdoc b/doc/string/swapcase.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4353c8528a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/swapcase.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Returns a string containing the characters in +self+, with cases reversed:
+
+- Each uppercase character is downcased.
+- Each lowercase character is upcased.
+
+Examples:
+
+  'Hello'.swapcase        # => "hELLO"
+  'Straße'.swapcase       # => "sTRASSE"
+  'RubyGems.org'.swapcase # => "rUBYgEMS.ORG"
+
+The sizes of +self+ and the upcased result may differ:
+
+  s = 'Straße'
+  s.size          # => 6
+  s.swapcase      # => "sTRASSE"
+  s.swapcase.size # => 7
+
+Some characters (and some character sets) do not have upcase and downcase versions;
+see {Case Mapping}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc]:
+
+  s = '1, 2, 3, ...'
+  s.swapcase == s # => true
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.swapcase == s # => true
+
+The casing is affected by the given +mapping+,
+which may be +:ascii+, +:fold+, or +:turkic+;
+see {Case Mappings}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc@Case+Mappings].
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/unicode_normalize.rdoc b/doc/string/unicode_normalize.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f733c0fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/unicode_normalize.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Returns a copy of +self+ with
+{Unicode normalization}[https://unicode.org/reports/tr15] applied.
+
+Argument +form+ must be one of the following symbols
+(see {Unicode normalization forms}[https://unicode.org/reports/tr15/#Norm_Forms]):
+
+- +:nfc+: Canonical decomposition, followed by canonical composition.
+- +:nfd+: Canonical decomposition.
+- +:nfkc+: Compatibility decomposition, followed by canonical composition.
+- +:nfkd+: Compatibility decomposition.
+
+The encoding of +self+ must be one of:
+
+- <tt>Encoding::UTF_8</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UTF_16BE</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UTF_16LE</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UTF_32BE</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UTF_32LE</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::GB18030</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UCS_2BE</tt>.
+- <tt>Encoding::UCS_4BE</tt>.
+
+Examples:
+
+  "a\u0300".unicode_normalize       # => "à"  # Lowercase 'a' with grave accens.
+  "a\u0300".unicode_normalize(:nfd) # => "à"  # Same.
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/upcase.rdoc b/doc/string/upcase.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad859e8973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/upcase.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Returns a new string containing the upcased characters in +self+:
+
+  'hello'.upcase        # => "HELLO"
+  'straße'.upcase       # => "STRASSE"
+  'привет'.upcase       # => "ПРИВЕТ"
+  'RubyGems.org'.upcase # => "RUBYGEMS.ORG"
+
+The sizes of +self+ and the upcased result may differ:
+
+   s = 'Straße'
+   s.size        # => 6
+   s.upcase      # => "STRASSE"
+   s.upcase.size # => 7
+
+Some characters (and some character sets) do not have upcase and downcase versions;
+see {Case Mapping}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc]:
+
+   s = '1, 2, 3, ...'
+   s.upcase == s # => true
+   s = 'こんにちは'
+   s.upcase == s # => true
+
+The casing is affected by the given +mapping+,
+which may be +:ascii+, +:fold+, or +:turkic+;
+see {Case Mappings}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc@Case+Mappings].
+
+Related: see {Converting to New String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+New+String].
diff --git a/doc/string/upto.rdoc b/doc/string/upto.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f860fe84fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/upto.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+With a block given, calls the block with each +String+ value
+returned by successive calls to String#succ;
+the first value is +self+, the next is <tt>self.succ</tt>, and so on;
+the sequence terminates when value +other_string+ is reached;
+returns +self+:
+
+  a = []
+  'a'.upto('f') {|c| a.push(c) }
+  a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
+
+  a = []
+  'Ж'.upto('П') {|c| a.push(c) }
+  a # => ["Ж", "З", "И", "Й", "К", "Л", "М", "Н", "О", "П"]
+
+  a = []
+  'よ'.upto('ろ') {|c| a.push(c) }
+  a # => ["よ", "ら", "り", "る", "れ", "ろ"]
+
+  a = []
+  'a8'.upto('b6') {|c| a.push(c) }
+  a # => ["a8", "a9", "b0", "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6"]
+
+If argument +exclusive+ is given as a truthy object, the last value is omitted:
+
+  a = []
+  'a'.upto('f', true) {|c| a.push(c) }
+  a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+
+If +other_string+ would not be reached, does not call the block:
+
+  '25'.upto('5') {|s| fail s }
+  'aa'.upto('a') {|s| fail s }
+
+With no block given, returns a new Enumerator:
+
+  'a8'.upto('b6') # => #<Enumerator: "a8":upto("b6")>
+
+Related: see {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:String@Iterating].
diff --git a/doc/string/valid_encoding_p.rdoc b/doc/string/valid_encoding_p.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1db55174a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/string/valid_encoding_p.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Returns whether +self+ is encoded correctly:
+
+  s = 'Straße'
+  s.valid_encoding?                                 # => true
+  s.encoding                                        # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  s.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII).valid_encoding? # => false
+
+Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
diff --git a/doc/stringio/each_byte.rdoc b/doc/stringio/each_byte.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..708432b69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/each_byte.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+With a block given, calls the block with each remaining byte in the stream;
+positions the stream at end-of-file;
+returns +self+:
+
+  bytes = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('hello')     #  Five 1-byte characters.
+  strio.each_byte {|byte| bytes.push(byte) }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  bytes # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
+
+  bytes = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')  # Five 3-byte characters.
+  strio.each_byte {|byte| bytes.push(byte) }
+  bytes # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
+
+The position in the stream matters:
+
+  bytes = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+  strio.getc # => "こ"
+  strio.pos  # => 3  # 3-byte character was read.
+  strio.each_byte {|byte| bytes.push(byte) }
+  bytes      # => [227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
+
+If at end-of-file, does not call the block:
+
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  strio.each_byte {|byte| fail 'Boo!' }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+
+With no block given, returns a new {Enumerator}[rdoc-ref:Enumerator].
diff --git a/doc/stringio/each_char.rdoc b/doc/stringio/each_char.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bec5ecac3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/each_char.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+With a block given, calls the block with each remaining character in the stream;
+positions the stream at end-of-file;
+returns +self+:
+
+  chars = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('hello')
+  strio.each_char {|char| chars.push(char) }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  chars      # => ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
+
+  chars = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+  strio.each_char {|char| chars.push(char) }
+  chars      # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
+
+Stream position matters:
+
+ chars = []
+ strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+ strio.getc # => "こ"
+ strio.pos  # => 3  # 3-byte character was read.
+ strio.each_char {|char| chars.push(char) }
+ chars      # => ["ん", "に", "ち", "は"]
+
+When at end-of-stream does not call the block:
+
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  strio.each_char {|char| fail 'Boo!' }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+
+With no block given, returns a new {Enumerator}[rdoc-ref:Enumerator].
diff --git a/doc/stringio/each_codepoint.rdoc b/doc/stringio/each_codepoint.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d10831142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/each_codepoint.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+With a block given, calls the block with each successive codepoint from self;
+sets the position to end-of-stream;
+returns +self+.
+
+Each codepoint is the integer value for a character; returns self:
+
+  codepoints = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('hello')
+  strio.each_codepoint {|codepoint| codepoints.push(codepoint) }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  codepoints # => [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]
+
+  codepoints = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+  strio.each_codepoint {|codepoint| codepoints.push(codepoint) }
+  codepoints # => [12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
+
+Position in the stream matters:
+
+  codepoints = []
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+  strio.getc # => "こ"
+  strio.pos  # => 3
+  strio.each_codepoint {|codepoint| codepoints.push(codepoint) }
+  codepoints # => [12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
+
+When at end-of-stream, the block is not called:
+
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  strio.each_codepoint {|codepoint| fail 'Boo!' }
+  strio.eof? # => true
+
+With no block given, returns a new {Enumerator}[rdoc-ref:Enumerator].
diff --git a/doc/stringio/each_line.md b/doc/stringio/each_line.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e29640a12a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/each_line.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+With a block given calls the block with each remaining line (see "Position" below) in the stream;
+returns `self`.
+
+Leaves stream position at end-of-stream.
+
+**No Arguments**
+
+With no arguments given,
+reads lines using the default record separator
+(global variable `$/`, whose initial value is `"\n"`).
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line {|line| p line }
+strio.eof? # => true
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First line\n"
+"Second line\n"
+"\n"
+"Fourth line\n"
+"Fifth line\n"
+```
+
+**Argument `sep`**
+
+With only string argument `sep` given,
+reads lines using that string as the record separator:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line(' ') {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First "
+"line\nSecond "
+"line\n\nFourth "
+"line\nFifth "
+"line\n"
+```
+
+**Argument `limit`**
+
+With only integer argument `limit` given,
+reads lines using the default record separator;
+also limits the size (in characters) of each line to the given limit:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line(10) {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First line"
+"\n"
+"Second lin"
+"e\n"
+"\n"
+"Fourth lin"
+"e\n"
+"Fifth line"
+"\n"
+```
+
+**Arguments `sep` and `limit`**
+
+With arguments `sep` and `limit` both given,
+honors both:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line(' ', 10) {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First "
+"line\nSecon"
+"d "
+"line\n\nFour"
+"th "
+"line\nFifth"
+" "
+"line\n"
+```
+
+**Position**
+
+As stated above, method `each` _remaining_ line in the stream.
+
+In the examples above each `strio` object starts with its position at beginning-of-stream;
+but in other cases the position may be anywhere (see StringIO#pos):
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.pos = 30 # Set stream position to character 30.
+strio.each_line {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+" line\n"
+"Fifth line\n"
+```
+
+In all the examples above, the stream position is at the beginning of a character;
+in other cases, that need not be so:
+
+```ruby
+s = 'こんにちは'  # Five 3-byte characters.
+strio = StringIO.new(s)
+strio.pos = 3   # At beginning of second character.
+strio.each_line {|line| p line }
+strio.pos = 4   # At second byte of second character.
+strio.each_line {|line| p line }
+strio.pos = 5   # At third byte of second character.
+strio.each_line {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"んにちは"
+"\x82\x93にちは"
+"\x93にちは"
+```
+
+**Special Record Separators**
+
+Like some methods in class `IO`, StringIO.each honors two special record separators;
+see {Special Line Separators}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/IO.html#class-IO-label-Special+Line+Separator+Values].
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line('') {|line| p line } # Read as paragraphs (separated by blank lines).
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+"Fourth line\nFifth line\n"
+```
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line(nil) {|line| p line } # "Slurp"; read it all.
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+```
+
+**Keyword Argument `chomp`**
+
+With keyword argument `chomp` given as `true` (the default is `false`),
+removes trailing newline (if any) from each line:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.each_line(chomp: true) {|line| p line }
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+"First line"
+"Second line"
+""
+"Fourth line"
+"Fifth line"
+```
+
+With no block given, returns a new {Enumerator}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Enumerator.html].
+
+
+Related: StringIO.each_byte, StringIO.each_char, StringIO.each_codepoint.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/getbyte.rdoc b/doc/stringio/getbyte.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..148455abf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/getbyte.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Reads and returns the next integer byte (not character) from the stream:
+
+  s = 'foo'
+  s.bytes       # => [102, 111, 111]
+  strio = StringIO.new(s)
+  strio.getbyte # => 102
+  strio.getbyte # => 111
+  strio.getbyte # => 111
+
+Returns +nil+ if at end-of-stream:
+
+  strio.eof?    # => true
+  strio.getbyte # => nil
+
+Returns a byte, not a character:
+
+  s = 'こんにちは'
+  s.bytes
+  # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
+  strio = StringIO.new(s)
+  strio.getbyte # => 227
+  strio.getbyte # => 129
+
+Related: #each_byte, #ungetbyte, #getc.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/getc.rdoc b/doc/stringio/getc.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58ce47c337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/getc.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+Reads and returns the next character (or byte; see below) from the stream:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+  strio.getc # => "f"
+  strio.getc # => "o"
+  strio.getc # => "o"
+
+Returns +nil+ if at end-of-stream:
+
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  strio.getc # => nil
+
+Returns characters, not bytes:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')
+  strio.getc # => "こ"
+  strio.getc # => "ん"
+
+In each of the examples above, the stream is positioned at the beginning of a character;
+in other cases that need not be true:
+
+   strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')  # Five 3-byte characters.
+   strio.pos = 3 # => 3     # At beginning of second character; returns character.
+   strio.getc    # => "ん"
+   strio.pos = 4 # => 4     # At second byte of second character; returns byte.
+   strio.getc    # => "\x82"
+   strio.pos = 5 # => 5     # At third byte of second character; returns byte.
+   strio.getc    # => "\x93"
+
+Related: #getbyte, #putc, #ungetc.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/gets.rdoc b/doc/stringio/gets.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4152152a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/gets.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+Reads and returns a line from the stream;
+returns +nil+ if at end-of-stream.
+
+Side effects:
+
+- Increments stream position by the number of bytes read.
+- Assigns the return value to global variable <tt>$_</tt>.
+
+With no arguments given, reads a line using the default record separator
+(global variable <tt>$/</tt>,* whose initial value is <tt>"\n"</tt>):
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.pos  # => 0
+  strio.gets # => "First line\n"
+  strio.pos  # => 11
+  $_         # => "First line\n"
+  strio.gets # => "Second line\n"
+  strio.read # => "\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  strio.eof? # => true
+  strio.gets # => nil
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')  # Five 3-byte characters.
+  strio.pos  # => 0
+  strio.gets # => "こんにちは"
+  strio.pos  # => 15
+
+<b>Argument +sep+</b>
+
+With only string argument +sep+ given, reads a line using that string as the record separator:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets(' ') # => "First "
+  strio.gets(' ') # => "line\nSecond "
+  strio.gets(' ') # => "line\n\nFourth "
+
+<b>Argument +limit+</b>
+
+With only integer argument +limit+ given,
+reads a line using the default record separator;
+limits the size (in characters) of each line to the given limit:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets(10) # => "First line"
+  strio.gets(10) # => "\n"
+  strio.gets(10) # => "Second lin"
+  strio.gets(10) # => "e\n"
+
+<b>Arguments +sep+ and +limit+</b>
+
+With arguments +sep+ and +limit+ both given, honors both:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets(' ', 10) # => "First "
+  strio.gets(' ', 10) # => "line\nSecon"
+  strio.gets(' ', 10) # => "d "
+
+<b>Position</b>
+
+As stated above, method +gets+ reads and returns the next line in the stream.
+
+In the examples above each +strio+ object starts with its position at beginning-of-stream;
+but in other cases the position may be anywhere:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.pos = 12
+  strio.gets # => "econd line\n"
+
+The position need not be at a character boundary:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')  # Five 3-byte characters.
+  strio.pos = 3                     # At beginning of second character.
+  strio.gets  # => "んにちは"
+  strio.pos = 4                     # Within second character.
+  strio.gets  # => "\x82\x93にちは"
+
+<b>Special Record Separators</b>
+
+Like some methods in class IO, method +gets+ honors two special record separators;
+see {Special Line Separators}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/IO.html#class-IO-label-Special+Line+Separator+Values]:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets('')  # Read "paragraph" (up to empty line).
+  # => "First line\nSecond line\n\n"
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets(nil) # "Slurp": read all.
+  # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+
+<b>Keyword Argument +chomp+</b>
+
+With keyword argument +chomp+ given as +true+ (the default is +false+),
+removes the trailing newline (if any) from the returned line:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+  strio.gets              # => "First line\n"
+  strio.gets(chomp: true) # => "Second line"
+
+Related: #each_line, #readlines,
+{Kernel#puts}[rdoc-ref:Kernel#puts].
diff --git a/doc/stringio/pread.rdoc b/doc/stringio/pread.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dcbc18ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/pread.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+**Note**: \Method +pread+ is different from other reading methods
+in that it does not modify +self+ in any way;
+thus, multiple threads may read safely from the same stream.
+
+Reads up to +maxlen+ bytes from the stream,
+beginning at 0-based byte offset +offset+;
+returns a string containing the read bytes.
+
+The returned string:
+
+- Contains +maxlen+ bytes from the stream, if available;
+  otherwise contains all available bytes.
+- Has encoding +Encoding::ASCII_8BIT+.
+
+With only arguments +maxlen+ and +offset+ given,
+returns a new string:
+
+  english = 'Hello'  # Five 1-byte characters.
+  strio = StringIO.new(english)
+  strio.pread(3, 0)  # => "Hel"
+  strio.pread(3, 2)  # => "llo"
+  strio.pread(0, 0)  # => ""
+  strio.pread(50, 0) # => "Hello"
+  strio.pread(50, 2) # => "llo"
+  strio.pread(50, 4) # => "o"
+  strio.pread(0, 0).encoding
+  # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+
+  russian = 'Привет' # Six 2-byte characters.
+  strio = StringIO.new(russian)
+  strio.pread(50, 0) # All 12 bytes.
+  # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1\x80\xD0\xB8\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB5\xD1\x82"
+  strio.pread(3, 0)  # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1"
+  strio.pread(3, 3)  # => "\x80\xD0\xB8"
+  strio.pread(0, 0).encoding
+  # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+
+  japanese = 'こんにちは' # Five 3-byte characters.
+  strio = StringIO.new(japanese)
+  strio.pread(50, 0)    # All 15 bytes.
+  # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+  strio.pread(6, 0)     # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93"
+  strio.pread(1, 2)     # => "\x93"
+  strio.pread(0, 0).encoding
+  # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+
+Raises an exception if +offset+ is out-of-range:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new(english)
+  strio.pread(5, 50) # Raises EOFError: end of file reached
+
+With string argument +out_string+ given:
+
+- Reads as above.
+- Overwrites the content of +out_string+ with the read bytes.
+
+Examples:
+
+  out_string = 'Will be overwritten'
+  out_string.encoding                # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  result = StringIO.new(english).pread(50, 0, out_string)
+  result.__id__ == out_string.__id__ # => true
+  out_string                         # => "Hello"
+  out_string.encoding                # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+
diff --git a/doc/stringio/putc.rdoc b/doc/stringio/putc.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4636ffa0db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/putc.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+Replaces one or more bytes at position +pos+
+with bytes of the given argument;
+advances the position by the count of bytes written;
+returns the argument.
+
+\StringIO object for 1-byte characters.
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+  strio.pos # => 0
+
+With 1-byte argument, replaces one byte:
+
+  strio.putc('b')
+  strio.string    # => "boo"
+  strio.pos       # => 1
+  strio.putc('a') # => "a"
+  strio.string    # => "bao"
+  strio.pos       # => 2
+  strio.putc('r') # => "r"
+  strio.string    # => "bar"
+  strio.pos       # => 3
+  strio.putc('n') # => "n"
+  strio.string    # => "barn"
+  strio.pos       # => 4
+
+Fills with null characters if necessary:
+
+  strio.pos = 6
+  strio.putc('x') # => "x"
+  strio.string    # => "barn\u0000\u0000x"
+  strio.pos       # => 7
+
+With integer argument, replaces one byte with the low-order byte of the integer:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+  strio.putc(70)
+  strio.string # => "Foo"
+  strio.putc(79)
+  strio.string # => "FOo"
+  strio.putc(79 + 1024)
+  strio.string # => "FOO"
+
+\StringIO object for Multi-byte characters:
+
+  greek = 'αβγδε' # Five 2-byte characters.
+  strio = StringIO.new(greek)
+  strio.string# => "αβγδε"
+  strio.string.b        # => "\xCE\xB1\xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4\xCE\xB5"
+  strio.string.bytesize # => 10
+  strio.string.chars    # => ["α", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε"]
+  strio.string.size     # => 5
+
+With 1-byte argument, replaces one byte of the string:
+
+  strio.putc(' ')       # 1-byte ascii space.
+  strio.pos             # => 1
+  strio.string          # => " \xB1βγδε"
+  strio.string.b        # => " \xB1\xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4\xCE\xB5"
+  strio.string.bytesize # => 10
+  strio.string.chars    # => [" ", "\xB1", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε"]
+  strio.string.size     # => 6
+
+  strio.putc(' ')
+  strio.pos             # => 2
+  strio.string          # => "  βγδε"
+  strio.string.b        # => "  \xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4\xCE\xB5"
+  strio.string.bytesize # => 10
+  strio.string.chars    # => [" ", " ", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε"]
+  strio.string.size     # => 6
+
+With 2-byte argument, replaces two bytes of the string:
+
+  strio.rewind
+  strio.putc('α')
+  strio.pos             # => 2
+  strio.string          # => "αβγδε"
+  strio.string.b        # => "\xCE\xB1\xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4\xCE\xB5"
+  strio.string.bytesize # => 10
+  strio.string.chars    # => ["α", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε"]
+  strio.string.size     # => 5
+
+Related: #getc, #ungetc.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/read.rdoc b/doc/stringio/read.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46b9fa349f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/read.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Reads and returns a string containing bytes read from the stream,
+beginning at the current position;
+advances the position by the count of bytes read.
+
+With no arguments given,
+reads all remaining bytes in the stream;
+returns a new string containing bytes read:
+
+  strio = StringIO.new('Hello') # Five 1-byte characters.
+  strio.read                    # => "Hello"
+  strio.pos                     # => 5
+  strio.read                    # => ""
+  StringIO.new('').read         # => ""
+
+With non-negative argument +maxlen+ given,
+reads +maxlen+ bytes as available;
+returns a new string containing the bytes read, or +nil+ if none:
+
+  strio.rewind
+  strio.read(3) # => "Hel"
+  strio.read(3) # => "lo"
+  strio.read(3) # => nil
+
+  russian = 'Привет' # Six 2-byte characters.
+  russian.b
+  # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1\x80\xD0\xB8\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB5\xD1\x82"
+  strio = StringIO.new(russian)
+  strio.read(6) # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1\x80\xD0\xB8"
+  strio.read(6) # => "\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB5\xD1\x82"
+  strio.read(6) # => nil
+
+  japanese = 'こんにちは'
+  japanese.b
+  # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+  strio = StringIO.new(japanese)
+  strio.read(9) # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB"
+  strio.read(9) # => "\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+  strio.read(9) # => nil
+
+With argument +max_len+ as +nil+ and string argument +out_string+ given,
+reads the remaining bytes in the stream;
+clears +out_string+ and writes the bytes into it;
+returns +out_string+:
+
+  out_string = 'Will be overwritten'
+  strio = StringIO.new('Hello')
+  strio.read(nil, out_string) # => "Hello"
+  strio.read(nil, out_string) # => ""
+
+With non-negative argument +maxlen+ and string argument +out_string+ given,
+reads the +maxlen bytes from the stream, as availble;
+clears +out_string+ and writes the bytes into it;
+returns +out_string+ if any bytes were read, or +nil+ if none:
+
+  out_string = 'Will be overwritten'
+  strio = StringIO.new('Hello')
+  strio.read(3, out_string) # => "Hel"
+  strio.read(3, out_string) # => "lo"
+  strio.read(3, out_string) # => nil
+
+  out_string = 'Will be overwritten'
+  strio = StringIO.new(russian)
+  strio.read(6, out_string) # => "При"
+  strio.read(6, out_string) # => "вет"
+  strio.read(6, out_string) # => nil
+  strio.rewind
+  russian.b
+  # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1\x80\xD0\xB8\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB5\xD1\x82"
+  strio.read(3)             # => "\xD0\x9F\xD1"
+  strio.read(3)             # => "\x80\xD0\xB8"
+
+  out_string = 'Will be overwritten'
+  strio = StringIO.new(japanese)
+  strio.read(9, out_string) # => "こんに"
+  strio.read(9, out_string) # => "ちは"
+  strio.read(9, out_string) # => nil
+  strio.rewind
+  japanese.b
+  # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+  strio.read(4)             # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3"
+  strio.read(4)             # => "\x82\x93\xE3\x81"
+
+Related: #gets, #readlines.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/size.rdoc b/doc/stringio/size.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..253c612c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/size.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Returns the number of bytes in the string in +self+:
+
+  StringIO.new('hello').size     # => 5  # Five 1-byte characters.
+  StringIO.new('こんにちは').size # => 15 # Five 3-byte characters.
diff --git a/doc/stringio/stringio.md b/doc/stringio/stringio.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f81f79cfea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stringio/stringio.md
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+\Class \StringIO supports accessing a string as a stream,
+similar in some ways to [class IO][io class].
+
+You can create a \StringIO instance using:
+
+- StringIO.new: returns a new \StringIO object containing the given string.
+- StringIO.open: passes a new \StringIO object to the given block.
+
+Like an \IO stream, a \StringIO stream has certain properties:
+
+- **Read/write mode**: whether the stream may be read, written, appended to, etc.;
+  see [Read/Write Mode][read/write mode].
+- **Data mode**: text-only or binary;
+  see [Data Mode][data mode].
+- **Encodings**: internal and external encodings;
+  see [Encodings][encodings].
+- **Position**: where in the stream the next read or write is to occur;
+  see [Position][position].
+- **Line number**: a special, line-oriented, "position" (different from the position mentioned above);
+  see [Line Number][line number].
+- **Open/closed**: whether the stream is open or closed, for reading or writing.
+  see [Open/Closed Streams][open/closed streams].
+- **BOM**: byte mark order;
+  see [Byte Order Mark][bom (byte order mark)].
+
+## About the Examples
+
+Examples on this page assume that \StringIO has been required:
+
+```ruby
+require 'stringio'
+```
+
+And that this constant has been defined:
+
+```ruby
+TEXT = <<EOT
+First line
+Second line
+
+Fourth line
+Fifth line
+EOT
+```
+
+## Stream Properties
+
+### Read/Write Mode
+
+#### Summary
+
+|            Mode            | Initial Clear? |   Read   |  Write   |
+|:--------------------------:|:--------------:|:--------:|:--------:|
+|  <tt>'r'</tt>: read-only   |       No       | Anywhere |  Error   |
+|  <tt>'w'</tt>: write-only  |      Yes       |  Error   | Anywhere |
+| <tt>'a'</tt>: append-only  |       No       |  Error   | End only |
+| <tt>'r+'</tt>: read/write  |       No       | Anywhere | Anywhere |
+| <tt>'w+'</tt>: read-write  |      Yes       | Anywhere | Anywhere |
+| <tt>'a+'</tt>: read/append |       No       | Anywhere | End only |
+
+Each section below describes a read/write mode.
+
+Any of the modes may be given as a string or as file constants;
+example:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'a')
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', File::WRONLY | File::APPEND)
+```
+
+#### `'r'`: Read-Only
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'r'`.
+- Constant: `File::RDONLY`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foobarbaz', 'r')
+strio.pos    # => 0            # Beginning-of-stream.
+strio.string # => "foobarbaz"  # Not cleared.
+```
+
+May be read anywhere:
+
+```ruby
+strio.gets(3) # => "foo"
+strio.gets(3) # => "bar"
+strio.pos = 9
+strio.gets(3) # => nil
+```
+
+May not be written:
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('foo')  # Raises IOError: not opened for writing
+```
+
+#### `'w'`: Write-Only
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'w'`.
+- Constant: `File::WRONLY`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'w')
+strio.pos    # => 0   # Beginning of stream.
+strio.string # => ""  # Initially cleared.
+```
+
+May be written anywhere (even past end-of-stream):
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('foobar')
+strio.string # => "foobar"
+strio.rewind
+strio.write('FOO')
+strio.string # => "FOObar"
+strio.pos = 3
+strio.write('BAR')
+strio.string # => "FOOBAR"
+strio.pos = 9
+strio.write('baz')
+strio.string # => "FOOBAR\u0000\u0000\u0000baz"  # Null-padded.
+```
+
+May not be read:
+
+```ruby
+strio.read  # Raises IOError: not opened for reading
+```
+
+#### `'a'`: Append-Only
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'a'`.
+- Constant: `File::WRONLY | File::APPEND`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'a')
+strio.pos    # => 0      # Beginning-of-stream.
+strio.string # => "foo"  # Not cleared.
+```
+
+May be written only at the end; position does not affect writing:
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('bar')
+strio.string # => "foobar"
+strio.write('baz')
+strio.string # => "foobarbaz"
+strio.pos = 400
+strio.write('bat')
+strio.string # => "foobarbazbat"
+```
+
+May not be read:
+
+```ruby
+strio.gets  # Raises IOError: not opened for reading
+```
+
+#### `'r+'`: Read/Write
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'r+'`.
+- Constant: `File::RDRW`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foobar', 'r+')
+strio.pos    # => 0         # Beginning-of-stream.
+strio.string # => "foobar"  # Not cleared.
+```
+
+May be written anywhere (even past end-of-stream):
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('FOO')
+strio.string # => "FOObar"
+strio.write('BAR')
+strio.string # => "FOOBAR"
+strio.write('BAZ')
+strio.string # => "FOOBARBAZ"
+strio.pos = 12
+strio.write('BAT')
+strio.string # => "FOOBARBAZ\u0000\u0000\u0000BAT"  # Null padded.
+```
+
+May be read anywhere:
+
+```ruby
+strio.pos = 0
+strio.gets(3) # => "FOO"
+strio.pos = 6
+strio.gets(3) # => "BAZ"
+strio.pos = 400
+strio.gets(3) # => nil
+```
+
+#### `'w+'`: Read/Write (Initially Clear)
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'w+'`.
+- Constant: `File::RDWR | File::TRUNC`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'w+')
+strio.pos    # => 0   # Beginning-of-stream.
+strio.string # => ""  # Truncated.
+```
+
+May be written anywhere (even past end-of-stream):
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('foobar')
+strio.string # => "foobar"
+strio.rewind
+strio.write('FOO')
+strio.string # => "FOObar"
+strio.write('BAR')
+strio.string # => "FOOBAR"
+strio.write('BAZ')
+strio.string # => "FOOBARBAZ"
+strio.pos = 12
+strio.write('BAT')
+strio.string # => "FOOBARBAZ\u0000\u0000\u0000BAT"  # Null-padded.
+```
+
+May be read anywhere:
+
+```ruby
+strio.rewind
+strio.gets(3) # => "FOO"
+strio.gets(3) # => "BAR"
+strio.pos = 12
+strio.gets(3) # => "BAT"
+strio.pos = 400
+strio.gets(3) # => nil
+```
+
+#### `'a+'`: Read/Append
+
+Mode specified as one of:
+
+- String: `'a+'`.
+- Constant: `File::RDWR | File::APPEND`.
+
+Initial state:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'a+')
+strio.pos    # => 0      # Beginning-of-stream.
+strio.string # => "foo"  # Not cleared.
+```
+
+May be written only at the end; #rewind; position does not affect writing:
+
+```ruby
+strio.write('bar')
+strio.string # => "foobar"
+strio.write('baz')
+strio.string # => "foobarbaz"
+strio.pos = 400
+strio.write('bat')
+strio.string # => "foobarbazbat"
+```
+
+May be read anywhere:
+
+```ruby
+strio.rewind
+strio.gets(3) # => "foo"
+strio.gets(3) # => "bar"
+strio.pos = 9
+strio.gets(3) # => "bat"
+strio.pos = 400
+strio.gets(3) # => nil
+```
+
+### Data Mode
+
+To specify whether the stream is to be treated as text or as binary data,
+either of the following may be suffixed to any of the string read/write modes above:
+
+- `'t'`: Text;
+  initializes the encoding as Encoding::UTF_8.
+- `'b'`: Binary;
+  initializes the encoding as Encoding::ASCII_8BIT.
+
+If neither is given, the stream defaults to text data.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'rt')
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+data = "\u9990\u9991\u9992\u9993\u9994"
+strio = StringIO.new(data, 'rb')
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+```
+
+When the data mode is specified, the read/write mode may not be omitted:
+
+```ruby
+StringIO.new(data, 'b')  # Raises ArgumentError: invalid access mode b
+```
+
+A text stream may be changed to binary by calling instance method #binmode;
+a binary stream may not be changed to text.
+
+### Encodings
+
+A stream has an encoding; see [Encodings][encodings document].
+
+The initial encoding for a new or re-opened stream depends on its [data mode][data mode]:
+
+- Text: `Encoding::UTF_8`.
+- Binary: `Encoding::ASCII_8BIT`.
+
+These instance methods are relevant:
+
+- #external_encoding: returns the current encoding of the stream as an `Encoding` object.
+- #internal_encoding: returns +nil+; a stream does not have an internal encoding.
+- #set_encoding: sets the encoding for the stream.
+- #set_encoding_by_bom: sets the encoding for the stream to the stream's BOM (byte order mark).
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo', 'rt')  # Text mode.
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+data = "\u9990\u9991\u9992\u9993\u9994"
+strio = StringIO.new(data, 'rb') # Binary mode.
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>
+strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+strio.set_encoding('US-ASCII')
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+```
+
+### Position
+
+A stream has a _position_, and integer offset (in bytes) into the stream.
+The initial position of a stream is zero.
+
+#### Getting and Setting the Position
+
+Each of these methods initializes (to zero) the position of a new or re-opened stream:
+
+- ::new: returns a new stream.
+- ::open: passes a new stream to the block.
+- #reopen: re-initializes the stream.
+
+Each of these methods queries, gets, or sets the position, without otherwise changing the stream:
+
+- #eof?: returns whether the position is at end-of-stream.
+- #pos: returns the position.
+- #pos=: sets the position.
+- #rewind: sets the position to zero.
+- #seek: sets the position.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foobar')
+strio.pos  # => 0
+strio.pos = 3
+strio.pos  # => 3
+strio.eof? # => false
+strio.rewind
+strio.pos  # => 0
+strio.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END)
+strio.pos  # => 6
+strio.eof? # => true
+```
+
+#### Position Before and After Reading
+
+Except for #pread, a stream reading method (see [Basic Reading][basic reading])
+begins reading at the current position.
+
+Except for #pread, a read method advances the position past the read substring.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.string # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+strio.pos    # => 0
+strio.getc   # => "F"
+strio.pos    # => 1
+strio.gets   # => "irst line\n"
+strio.pos    # => 11
+strio.pos = 24
+strio.gets   # => "Fourth line\n"
+strio.pos    # => 36
+
+strio = StringIO.new('こんにちは')  # Five 3-byte characters.
+strio.pos = 0  # At first byte of first character.
+strio.read     # => "こんにちは"
+strio.pos = 1  # At second byte of first character.
+strio.read     # => "\x81\x93んにちは"
+strio.pos = 2  # At third byte of first character.
+strio.read     # => "\x93んにちは"
+strio.pos = 3  # At first byte of second character.
+strio.read     # => "んにちは"
+
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.pos = 15
+a = []
+strio.each_line {|line| a.push(line) }
+a         # => ["nd line\n", "\n", "Fourth line\n", "Fifth line\n"]
+strio.pos # => 47  ## End-of-stream.
+```
+
+#### Position Before and After Writing
+
+Each of these methods begins writing at the current position,
+and advances the position to the end of the written substring:
+
+- #putc: writes the given character.
+- #write: writes the given objects as strings.
+- [Kernel#puts][kernel#puts]: writes given objects as strings, each followed by newline.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+strio.pos    # => 0
+strio.putc('b')
+strio.string # => "boo"
+strio.pos    # => 1
+strio.write('r')
+strio.string # => "bro"
+strio.pos    # => 2
+strio.puts('ew')
+strio.string # => "brew\n"
+strio.pos    # => 5
+strio.pos = 8
+strio.write('foo')
+strio.string # => "brew\n\u0000\u0000\u0000foo"
+strio.pos    # => 11
+```
+
+Each of these methods writes _before_ the current position, and decrements the position
+so that the written data is next to be read:
+
+- #ungetbyte: unshifts the given byte.
+- #ungetc: unshifts the given character.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+strio.pos = 2
+strio.ungetc('x')
+strio.pos    # => 1
+strio.string # => "fxo"
+strio.ungetc('x')
+strio.pos    # => 0
+strio.string # => "xxo"
+```
+
+This method does not affect the position:
+
+- #truncate: truncates the stream's string to the given size.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new('foobar')
+strio.pos    # => 0
+strio.truncate(3)
+strio.string # => "foo"
+strio.pos    # => 0
+strio.pos = 500
+strio.truncate(0)
+strio.string # => ""
+strio.pos    # => 500
+```
+
+### Line Number
+
+A stream has a line number, which initially is zero:
+
+- Method #lineno returns the line number.
+- Method #lineno= sets the line number.
+
+The line number can be affected by reading (but never by writing);
+in general, the line number is incremented each time the record separator (default: `"\n"`) is read.
+
+Examples:
+
+```ruby
+strio = StringIO.new(TEXT)
+strio.string # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+strio.lineno # => 0
+strio.gets   # => "First line\n"
+strio.lineno # => 1
+strio.getc   # => "S"
+strio.lineno # => 1
+strio.gets   # => "econd line\n"
+strio.lineno # => 2
+strio.gets   # => "\n"
+strio.lineno # => 3
+strio.gets   # => "Fourth line\n"
+strio.lineno # => 4
+```
+
+Setting the position does not affect the line number:
+
+```ruby
+strio.pos = 0
+strio.lineno # => 4
+strio.gets   # => "First line\n"
+strio.pos    # => 11
+strio.lineno # => 5
+```
+
+And setting the line number does not affect the position:
+
+```ruby
+strio.lineno = 10
+strio.pos    # => 11
+strio.gets   # => "Second line\n"
+strio.lineno # => 11
+strio.pos    # => 23
+```
+
+### Open/Closed Streams
+
+A new stream is open for either reading or writing, and may be open for both;
+see [Read/Write Mode][read/write mode].
+
+Each of these methods initializes the read/write mode for a new or re-opened stream:
+
+- ::new: returns a new stream.
+- ::open: passes a new stream to the block.
+- #reopen: re-initializes the stream.
+
+Other relevant methods:
+
+- #close: closes the stream for both reading and writing.
+- #close_read: closes the stream for reading.
+- #close_write: closes the stream for writing.
+- #closed?: returns whether the stream is closed for both reading and writing.
+- #closed_read?: returns whether the stream is closed for reading.
+- #closed_write?: returns whether the stream is closed for writing.
+
+### BOM (Byte Order Mark)
+
+The string provided for ::new, ::open, or #reopen
+may contain an optional [BOM][bom] (byte order mark) at the beginning of the string;
+the BOM can affect the stream's encoding.
+
+The BOM (if provided):
+
+- Is stored as part of the stream's string.
+- Does _not_ immediately affect the encoding.
+- Is _initially_ considered part of the stream.
+
+```ruby
+utf8_bom = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
+string = utf8_bom + 'foo'
+string.bytes               # => [239, 187, 191, 102, 111, 111]
+strio.string.bytes.take(3) # => [239, 187, 191]                  # The BOM.
+strio = StringIO.new(string, 'rb')
+strio.string.bytes         # => [239, 187, 191, 102, 111, 111]   # BOM is part of the stored string.
+strio.external_encoding    # => #<Encoding:BINARY (ASCII-8BIT)>  # Default for a binary stream.
+strio.gets                 # => "\xEF\xBB\xBFfoo"                # BOM is part of the stream.
+```
+
+You can call instance method #set_encoding_by_bom to "activate" the stored BOM;
+after doing so the BOM:
+
+- Is _still_ stored as part of the stream's string.
+- _Determines_ (and may have changed) the stream's encoding.
+- Is _no longer_ considered part of the stream.
+
+```ruby
+strio.set_encoding_by_bom
+strio.string.bytes      # => [239, 187, 191, 102, 111, 111]  # BOM is still part of the stored string.
+strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>               # The new encoding.
+strio.rewind            # => 0
+strio.gets              # => "foo"                           # BOM is not part of the stream.
+```
+
+## Basic Stream \IO
+
+### Basic Reading
+
+You can read from the stream using these instance methods:
+
+- #getbyte: reads and returns the next byte.
+- #getc: reads and returns the next character.
+- #gets: reads and returns all or part of the next line.
+- #read: reads and returns all or part of the remaining data in the stream.
+- #readlines: reads the remaining data the stream and returns an array of its lines.
+- [Kernel#readline][kernel#readline]: like #gets, but raises an exception if at end-of-stream.
+
+You can iterate over the stream using these instance methods:
+
+- #each_byte: reads each remaining byte, passing it to the block.
+- #each_char: reads each remaining character, passing it to the block.
+- #each_codepoint: reads each remaining codepoint, passing it to the block.
+- #each_line: reads all or part of each remaining line, passing the read string to the block
+
+This instance method is useful in a multi-threaded application:
+
+- #pread: reads and returns all or part of the stream.
+ 
+### Basic Writing
+
+You can write to the stream, advancing the position, using these instance methods:
+
+- #putc: writes a given character.
+- #write: writes the given objects as strings.
+- [Kernel#puts][kernel#puts] writes given objects as strings, each followed by newline.
+
+You can "unshift" to the stream using these instance methods;
+each  writes _before_ the current position, and decrements the position
+so that the written data is next to be read.
+
+- #ungetbyte: unshifts the given byte.
+- #ungetc: unshifts the given character.
+
+One more writing method:
+
+- #truncate: truncates the stream's string to the given size.
+
+## Line \IO
+
+Reading:
+
+- #gets: reads and returns the next line.
+- [Kernel#readline][kernel#readline]: like #gets, but raises an exception if at end-of-stream.
+- #readlines: reads the remaining data the stream and returns an array of its lines.
+- #each_line: reads each remaining line, passing it to the block
+
+Writing:
+
+- [Kernel#puts][kernel#puts]: writes given objects, each followed by newline.
+
+## Character \IO
+
+Reading:
+
+- #each_char: reads each remaining character, passing it to the block.
+- #getc: reads and returns the next character.
+
+Writing:
+
+- #putc: writes the given character.
+- #ungetc.: unshifts the given character.
+
+## Byte \IO
+
+Reading:
+
+- #each_byte: reads each remaining byte, passing it to the block.
+- #getbyte: reads and returns the next byte.
+
+Writing:
+
+- #ungetbyte: unshifts the given byte.
+
+## Codepoint \IO
+
+Reading:
+
+- #each_codepoint: reads each remaining codepoint, passing it to the block.
+
+[bom]:                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark
+[encodings document]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/language/encodings_rdoc.html
+[io class]:           https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/IO.html
+[kernel#puts]:        https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Kernel.html#method-i-puts
+[kernel#readline]:    https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Kernel.html#method-i-readline
+
+[basic reading]:         rdoc-ref:StringIO@Basic+Reading
+[basic writing]:         rdoc-ref:StringIO@Basic+Writing
+[bom (byte order mark)]: rdoc-ref:StringIO@BOM+Byte+Order+Mark
+[data mode]:             rdoc-ref:StringIO@Data+Mode
+[encodings]:             rdoc-ref:StringIO@Encodings
+[end-of-stream]:         rdoc-ref:StringIO@End-of-Stream
+[line number]:           rdoc-ref:StringIO@Line+Number
+[open/closed streams]:   rdoc-ref:StringIO@OpenClosed+Streams
+[position]:              rdoc-ref:StringIO@Position
+[read/write mode]:       rdoc-ref:StringIO@ReadWrite+Mode
diff --git a/doc/strscan/.document b/doc/strscan/.document
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8085a8474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/strscan/.document
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+helper_methods.md
diff --git a/doc/strscan/link_refs.txt b/doc/strscan/link_refs.txt
index 19f6f7ce5c..04c4419982 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/link_refs.txt
+++ b/doc/strscan/link_refs.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [1]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Stored+String
-[2]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Byte+Position+-28Position-29
+[2]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Byte+Position+Position
 [3]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Target+Substring
 [4]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Setting+the+Target+Substring
 [5]: rdoc-ref:StringScanner@Traversing+the+Target+Substring
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/get_byte.md b/doc/strscan/methods/get_byte.md
index 3208d77158..775226638e 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/get_byte.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/get_byte.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  get_byte -> byte_as_character or nil
-
 Returns the next byte, if available:
 
 - If the [position][2]
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/get_charpos.md b/doc/strscan/methods/get_charpos.md
index 954fcf5b44..4de07897dc 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/get_charpos.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/get_charpos.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  charpos -> character_position
-
 Returns the [character position][7] (initially zero),
 which may be different from the [byte position][2]
 given by method #pos:
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/get_pos.md b/doc/strscan/methods/get_pos.md
index 81bbb2345e..56b1636812 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/get_pos.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/get_pos.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  pos -> byte_position
-
 Returns the integer [byte position][2],
 which may be different from the [character position][7]:
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/getch.md b/doc/strscan/methods/getch.md
index 3dd70e4c5b..ede1d2b071 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/getch.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/getch.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  getch -> character or nil
-
 Returns the next (possibly multibyte) character,
 if available:
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/scan.md b/doc/strscan/methods/scan.md
index 22ddd368b6..805c797913 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/scan.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/scan.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  scan(pattern) -> substring or nil
-
 Attempts to [match][17] the given `pattern`
 at the beginning of the [target substring][3].
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/scan_until.md b/doc/strscan/methods/scan_until.md
index 9a8c7c02f6..5fb2912a1b 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/scan_until.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/scan_until.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  scan_until(pattern) -> substring or nil
-
 Attempts to [match][17] the given `pattern`
 anywhere (at any [position][2]) in the [target substring][3].
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/set_pos.md b/doc/strscan/methods/set_pos.md
index 3b7abe65e3..6a43edeb41 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/set_pos.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/set_pos.md
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  pos = n -> n
-  pointer = n -> n
-
 Sets the [byte position][2] and the [character position][11];
 returns `n`.
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/skip.md b/doc/strscan/methods/skip.md
index 10a329e0e4..7e924b624b 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/skip.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/skip.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  skip(pattern) match_size or nil
-
 Attempts to [match][17] the given `pattern`
 at the beginning of the [target substring][3];
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/skip_until.md b/doc/strscan/methods/skip_until.md
index b7dacf6da1..a0ffab0b84 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/skip_until.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/skip_until.md
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-call-seq:
-  skip_until(pattern) -> matched_substring_size or nil
-
 Attempts to [match][17] the given `pattern`
-anywhere (at any [position][2]) in the [target substring][3];
-does not modify the positions.
+anywhere (at any [position][2]) in the [target substring][3].
 
 If the match attempt succeeds:
 
 - Sets [match values][9].
+- Sets the [byte position][2] to the end of the matched substring;
+  may adjust the [character position][7].
 - Returns the size of the matched substring.
 
 ```rb
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@ If the match attempt fails:
 
 - Clears match values.
 - Returns `nil`.
+- Does not update positions.
 
 ```rb
 scanner.skip_until(/nope/)     # => nil
diff --git a/doc/strscan/methods/terminate.md b/doc/strscan/methods/terminate.md
index b03b37d2a2..27f7d41cb1 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/methods/terminate.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/methods/terminate.md
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-call-seq:
-  terminate -> self
-
 Sets the scanner to end-of-string;
 returns +self+:
 
diff --git a/doc/strscan/strscan.md b/doc/strscan/strscan.md
index 1211a687c2..bbdeccd75e 100644
--- a/doc/strscan/strscan.md
+++ b/doc/strscan/strscan.md
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Some examples here assume that certain helper methods are defined:
 - `match_values_cleared?(scanner)`:
   Returns whether the scanner's [match values][9] are cleared.
 
-See examples [here][ext/strscan/helper_methods_md.html].
+See examples at [helper methods](doc/strscan/helper_methods.md).
 
 ## The `StringScanner` \Object
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ put_situation(scanner)
 
 ## Target Substring
 
-The target substring is the the part of the [stored string][1]
+The target substring is the part of the [stored string][1]
 that extends from the current [byte position][2] to the end of the stored string;
 it is always either:
 
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ Each of these methods returns a captured match value:
 | Method          | Return After Match                      | Return After No Match |
 |-----------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------|
 | #size           | Count of captured substrings.           | +nil+.                |
-| #[](n)          | <tt>n</tt>th captured substring.        | +nil+.                |
+| #\[\](n)        | <tt>n</tt>th captured substring.        | +nil+.                |
 | #captures       | Array of all captured substrings.       | +nil+.                |
 | #values_at(*n)  | Array of specified captured substrings. | +nil+.                |
 | #named_captures | Hash of named captures.                 | <tt>{}</tt>.          |
diff --git a/doc/syntax.rdoc b/doc/syntax.rdoc
index cb427b6f0f..a48c83ff15 100644
--- a/doc/syntax.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax.rdoc
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 The Ruby syntax is large and is split up into the following sections:
 
+{Code Layout}[rdoc-ref:syntax/layout.rdoc] ::
+  Breaking code in lines
+
 Literals[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc] ::
   Numbers, Strings, Arrays, Hashes, etc.
 
diff --git a/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc b/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc
index f45f5bc0ea..3988f82e5f 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Assignment creates a local variable if the variable was not previously
 referenced.
 
 An assignment expression result is always the assigned value, including
-{assignment methods}[rdoc-ref:syntax/assignment.rdoc@Assignment+Methods].
+{assignment methods}[rdoc-ref:@Assignment+Methods].
 
 == Local Variable Names
 
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ An uninitialized global variable has a value of +nil+.
 
 Ruby has some special globals that behave differently depending on context
 such as the regular expression match variables or that have a side-effect when
-assigned to.  See the {global variables documentation}[rdoc-ref:globals.rdoc]
+assigned to.  See the {global variables documentation}[rdoc-ref:language/globals.md]
 for details.
 
 == Assignment Methods
diff --git a/doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc b/doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc
index 63a1b43781..a24c5fbf1f 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@ override local arguments outside the block in the caller's scope:
 This prints:
 
   hello main this is block
-  place is world
+  place is: world
 
 So the +place+ variable in the block is not the same +place+ variable as
 outside the block.  Removing <code>; place</code> from the block arguments
 gives this result:
 
   hello main this is block
-  place is block
+  place is: block
 
 === Unpacking Positional Arguments
 
@@ -355,9 +355,8 @@ as one argument:
   # Prints the object itself:
   #   #<Name:0x00007f9d07bca650 @name="Jane Doe">
 
-This allows to handle one or many arguments polymorphically. Note also that +nil+
-has NilClass#to_a defined to return an empty array, so conditional unpacking is
-possible:
+This allows to handle one or many arguments polymorphically. Note also that <tt>*nil</tt>
+is unpacked to an empty list of arguments, so conditional unpacking is possible:
 
   my_method(*(some_arguments if some_condition?))
 
@@ -426,7 +425,7 @@ as keyword arguments:
 
   name = Name.new('Jane Doe')
   p(**name)
-  # Prints: {name: "Jane", last: "Doe"}
+  # Prints: {first: "Jane", last: "Doe"}
 
 Unlike <code>*</code> operator, <code>**</code> raises an error when used on an
 object that doesn't respond to <code>#to_hash</code>. The one exception is
diff --git a/doc/syntax/comments.rdoc b/doc/syntax/comments.rdoc
index 00d19d588a..cb6829a984 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/comments.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/comments.rdoc
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ In this mode, all values assigned to constants are made shareable.
 
   # shareable_constant_value: experimental_everything
   FOO = Set[1, 2, {foo: []}]
-  # same as FOO = Ractor.make_sharable(...)
+  # same as FOO = Ractor.make_shareable(...)
   # OR same as `FOO = Set[1, 2, {foo: [].freeze}.freeze].freeze`
 
   var = [{foo: []}]
diff --git a/doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc b/doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc
index ac5ff78a95..cdf9d367a7 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ You may also run some code when an exception is not raised:
     # It will not return implicitly.
   end
 
-NB : Without explicit +return+ in the +ensure+ block, +begin+/+end+ block will return the last evaluated statement before entering in the `ensure` block.
+NB : Without explicit +return+ in the +ensure+ block, +begin+/+end+ block will return the last evaluated statement before entering in the +ensure+ block.
diff --git a/doc/syntax/layout.rdoc b/doc/syntax/layout.rdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31e51d9ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/syntax/layout.rdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+= Code Layout
+
+Expressions in Ruby are separated by line breaks:
+
+    x = 1
+    y = 2
+    z = x + y
+
+Line breaks are also used as logical separators of the headers of some control structures from their bodies:
+
+    if z > 3       # line break ends the condition and starts the body
+      puts "more"
+    end
+
+    while x < 3    # line break ends the condition and starts the body
+      x += 1
+    end
+
+<tt>;</tt> can be used as an expressions separator instead of a line break:
+
+    x = 1; y = 2; z = x + y
+    if z > 3; puts "more"; end
+
+Traditionally, expressions separated by <tt>;</tt> are used only in short scripts and experiments.
+
+In some control structures, there is an optional keyword that can be used instead of a line break to separate their elements:
+
+    # if, elsif, until and case ... when: 'then' is an optional separator:
+
+    if z > 3 then puts "more" end
+
+    case x
+    when Numeric then "number"
+    when String then "string"
+    else "object"
+    end
+
+    # while and until: 'do' is an optional separator
+    while x < 3 do x +=1 end
+
+Also, line breaks can be skipped in some places where it doesn't create any ambiguity. Note in the example above: no line break needed before +end+, just as no line break needed after +else+.
+
+== Breaking expressions in lines
+
+One expression might be split into several lines when each line can be unambiguously identified as "incomplete" without the next one.
+
+These works:
+
+    x =         # incomplete without something after =
+        1 +     # incomplete without something after +
+        2
+
+    File.read "test.txt",         # incomplete without something after ,
+              enconding: "utf-8"
+
+These would not:
+
+    # unintended interpretation:
+    x = 1     # already complete expression
+        + 2   # interpreted as a separate +2
+
+    # syntax error:
+    File.read "test.txt"           # already complete expression
+              , encoding: "utf-8"  # attempt to parse as a new expression, SyntaxError
+
+The exceptions to the rule are lines starting with <tt>.</tt> ("leading dot" style of method calls) or logical operators <tt>&&</tt>/<tt>||</tt> and <tt>and</tt>/<tt>or</tt>:
+
+    # OK, interpreted as a chain of calls
+    File.read('test.txt')
+        .strip("\n")
+        .split("\t")
+        .sort
+
+    # OK, interpreted as a chain of logical operators:
+    File.empty?('test.txt')
+      || File.size('test.txt') < 10
+      || File.read('test.txt').strip.empty?
+
+If the expressions is broken into multiple lines in any of the ways described above, comments between separate lines are allowed:
+
+    sum = base_salary +
+          # see "yearly bonuses section"
+          yearly_bonus(year) +
+          # per-employee coefficient is described
+          # in another module
+          personal_coeff(employee)
+
+    # We want to short-circuit on empty files
+    File.empty?('test.txt')
+      # Or almost empty ones
+      || File.size('test.txt') < 10
+      # Otherwise we check if it is full of spaces
+      || File.read('test.txt').strip.empty?
+
+Finally, the code can explicitly tell Ruby that the expression is continued on the next line with <tt>\\</tt>:
+
+    # Unusual, but works
+    File.read "test.txt" \
+              , encoding: "utf-8"
+
+    # More regular usage (joins the strings on parsing instead
+    # of concatenating them in runtime, as + would do):
+    TEXT = "One pretty long line" \
+           "one more long line" \
+           "one other line of the text"
+
+The <tt>\\</tt> works as a parse time line break escape, so with it, comments can not be inserted between the lines:
+
+    TEXT = "line 1" \
+           # here would be line 2:
+           "line 2"
+
+    # This is interpreted as if there was no line break where \ is,
+    # i.e. the same as
+    TEXT = "line 1" # here would be line 2:
+           "line 2"
+
+    puts TEXT #=> "line 1"
diff --git a/doc/syntax/literals.rdoc b/doc/syntax/literals.rdoc
index 46bb7673f3..c876558d4e 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/literals.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/literals.rdoc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Literals create objects you can use in your program.  Literals include:
 
 * {Boolean and Nil Literals}[#label-Boolean+and+Nil+Literals]
-* {Number Literals}[#label-Number+Literals]
+* {Numeric Literals}[#label-Numeric+Literals]
 
   * {Integer Literals}[#label-Integer+Literals]
   * {Float Literals}[#label-Float+Literals]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Literals create objects you can use in your program.  Literals include:
 +true+ is a true value.  All objects except +nil+ and +false+ evaluate to a
 true value in conditional expressions.
 
-== Number Literals
+== \Numeric Literals
 
 === \Integer Literals
 
@@ -547,6 +547,13 @@ with <tt>%w</tt> (non-interpolable) or <tt>%W</tt> (interpolable):
   # (not nested array).
   %w[foo[bar baz]qux]   # => ["foo[bar", "baz]qux"]
 
+The interpolated string is treated as a single word even if it contains
+whitespace.
+
+  s = "bar baz"
+  %W[foo #{s} zot] #=> ["foo", "bar baz", "zot"]
+  %W[foo #{"bar baz  zot"} qux] # => ["foo", "bar baz  zot", "qux"]
+
 The following characters are considered as white spaces to separate words:
 
 * space, ASCII 20h (SPC)
diff --git a/doc/syntax/methods.rdoc b/doc/syntax/methods.rdoc
index 8dafa6bb0c..14810a188f 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/methods.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/methods.rdoc
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ operators.
 <code>/</code>   :: divide
 <code>%</code>   :: modulus division, String#%
 <code>&</code>   :: AND
+<code>|</code>   :: OR
 <code>^</code>   :: XOR (exclusive OR)
 <code>>></code>  :: right-shift
 <code><<</code>  :: left-shift, append
diff --git a/doc/syntax/pattern_matching.rdoc b/doc/syntax/pattern_matching.rdoc
index 0b37ebdda7..06aae26d49 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/pattern_matching.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/pattern_matching.rdoc
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ For hash patterns, even a simpler form exists: key-only specification (without a
   end
   #=> "matched: 1"
 
-Binding works for nested patterns as well:
+\Binding works for nested patterns as well:
 
   case {name: 'John', friends: [{name: 'Jane'}, {name: 'Rajesh'}]}
   in name:, friends: [{name: first_friend}, *]
@@ -249,15 +249,15 @@ The "rest" part of a pattern also can be bound to a variable:
   end
   #=> "matched: 1, {b: 2, c: 3}"
 
-Binding to variables currently does NOT work for alternative patterns joined with <code>|</code>:
+\Binding to variables currently does NOT work for alternative patterns joined with <code>|</code>:
 
   case {a: 1, b: 2}
   in {a: } | Array
+    # ^ SyntaxError (variable capture in alternative pattern)
     "matched: #{a}"
   else
     "not matched"
   end
-  # SyntaxError (illegal variable in alternative pattern (a))
 
 Variables that start with <code>_</code> are the only exclusions from this rule:
 
diff --git a/doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc b/doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc
index 17d5e67c21..80595eb445 100644
--- a/doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc
+++ b/doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc
@@ -210,43 +210,58 @@ all refinements from the same module are active when a refined method
 
 == Method Lookup
 
-When looking up a method for an instance of class +C+ Ruby checks:
+Method lookup in Ruby is based on the ancestor chain. You can see the
+ancestor chain for any object in Ruby by doing:
 
-* If refinements are active for +C+, in the reverse order they were activated:
-  * The prepended modules from the refinement for +C+
-  * The refinement for +C+
-  * The included modules from the refinement for +C+
-* The prepended modules of +C+
-* +C+
-* The included modules of +C+
+  object.singleton_class.ancestors
+  # or, if the object does not support a singleton class:
+  object.class.ancestors
 
-If no method was found at any point this repeats with the superclass of +C+.
+The ancestor chain is constructed as follows:
 
-Note that methods in a subclass have priority over refinements in a
-superclass.  For example, if the method <code>/</code> is defined in a
-refinement for Numeric <code>1 / 2</code> invokes the original Integer#/
-because Integer is a subclass of Numeric and is searched before the refinements
-for the superclass Numeric. Since the method <code>/</code> is also present
-in child +Integer+, the method lookup does not move up to the superclass.
+* Subclasses are before superclasses in the ancestor chain
+* Prepended modules are before the class they prepend in the ancestor
+  chain, in reverse order in which they were prepended.
+* Included modules are after the class they are included in in the
+  ancestor chain, in reverse order in which they were included.
+
+When looking up a method for an object, Ruby goes through each ancestor:
+
+* If the class/module has been refined, Ruby will consider the refinements
+  activated at the point the method was called, in reverse order of
+  activation.
+* Otherwise, Ruby will check the methods of the class/module itself.
+
+If no method was found at either point this repeats with the next
+ancestor.
 
-However, if a method +foo+ is defined on Numeric in a refinement, <code>1.foo</code>
+Note that methods in a earlier ancestor have priority over refinements in a
+later ancestor.  For example, if the method <code>/</code> is defined in a
+refinement for Numeric <code>1 / 2</code> invokes the original Integer#/
+because Integer is a comes before Numeric in the ancestor chain.  However,
+if a method +foo+ is defined on Numeric in a refinement, <code>1.foo</code>
 invokes that method since +foo+ does not exist on Integer.
 
 == +super+
 
-When +super+ is invoked method lookup checks:
+When +super+ is invoked, method lookup starts:
+
+* If the method is in a refinement, at the refined class or module
+* Otherwise, at the next ancestor
+
+Method lookup then proceeds as described in the Method Lookup section
+above.
 
-* The included modules of the current class.  Note that the current class may
-  be a refinement.
-* If the current class is a refinement, the method lookup proceeds as in the
-  Method Lookup section above.
-* If the current class has a direct superclass, the method proceeds as in the
-  Method Lookup section above using the superclass.
+Refinements activated at the call site of a refinement method do not
+affect +super+ inside that method. Only refinements activated at the
+point +super+ was called affect method lookup for that +super+ call.
+You cannot use refinements to insert into the middle of a method
+lookup chain, only to insert at the start of a method lookup chain,
+unless you control the +super+ call sites.
 
-Note that +super+ in a method of a refinement invokes the method in the
-refined class even if there is another refinement which has been activated in
-the same context. This is only true for +super+ in a method of a refinement, it
-does not apply to +super+ in a method in a module that is included in a refinement.
+Note that if you refine a module, the refinement method can call +super+
+to call the method in the module, but the method in the module cannot
+call +super+ to continue the method lookup process to further ancestors.
 
 == Methods Introspection
 
diff --git a/doc/windows.md b/doc/windows.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 7cf3a42ad6..0000000000
--- a/doc/windows.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-# Windows
-
-Ruby supports a few native build platforms for Windows.
-
-* mswin: Build using Microsoft Visual C++ compiler with vcruntimeXXX.dll
-* mingw-msvcrt: Build using compiler for Mingw with msvcrtXX.dll
-* mingw-ucrt: Build using compiler for Mingw with Windows Universal CRT
-
-## Building Ruby using Mingw with UCRT
-
-The easiest build environment is just a standard [RubyInstaller-Devkit]
-installation and [git-for-windows]. You might like to use [VSCode] as an
-editor.
-
-### Build examples
-
-Ruby core development can be done either in Windows `cmd` like:
-
-```batch
-ridk enable ucrt64
-
-pacman -S --needed %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-openssl %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-libyaml %MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX%-libffi
-
-cd c:\
-mkdir work
-cd work
-git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby
-
-cd c:\work\ruby
-sh autogen.sh
-sh configure  -C --disable-install-doc
-make
-```
-
-or in MSYS2 `bash` like:
-
-```bash
-ridk enable ucrt64
-bash
-
-pacman -S --needed $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-openssl $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-libyaml $MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX-libffi
-
-cd /c/
-mkdir work
-cd work
-git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby
-cd ruby
-
-./autogen.sh
-./configure -C --disable-install-doc
-make
-```
-
-[RubyInstaller-Devkit]: https://rubyinstaller.org/
-[git-for-windows]: https://gitforwindows.org/
-[VSCode]: https://code.visualstudio.com/
-
-## Building Ruby using Visual C++
-
-### Requirement
-
-1.  Windows 10/Windows Server 2016 or later.
-
-2.  Visual C++ 14.0 (2015) or later.
-
-    **Note** if you want to build x64 version, use native compiler for
-    x64.
-
-3.  Please set environment variable `INCLUDE`, `LIB`, `PATH`
-    to run required commands properly from the command line.
-    These are set properly by `vcvarall*.bat` usually.
-
-    **Note** building ruby requires following commands.
-
-    * `nmake`
-    * `cl`
-    * `ml`
-    * `lib`
-    * `dumpbin`
-
-4.  If you want to build from GIT source, following commands are required.
-    * `git`
-    * `sed`
-    * `ruby` 3.0 or later
-
-    You can use [scoop](https://scoop.sh/) to install them like:
-
-    ```batch
-    scoop install git sed ruby
-    ```
-
-5.  You need to install required libraries using [vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/) on
-    directory of ruby repository like:
-
-    ```batch
-    vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install
-    ```
-
-6.  Enable Command Extension of your command line.  It's the default behavior
-    of `cmd.exe`.  If you want to enable it explicitly, run `cmd.exe` with
-    `/E:ON` option.
-
-### How to compile and install
-
-1.  Execute `win32\configure.bat` on your build directory.
-    You can specify the target platform as an argument.
-    For example, run `configure --target=i686-mswin32`.
-    You can also specify the install directory.
-    For example, run `configure --prefix=<install_directory>`.
-    Default of the install directory is `/usr` .
-
-2.  If you want to append to the executable and DLL file names,
-    specify `--program-prefix` and `--program-suffix`, like
-    `win32\configure.bat --program-suffix=-$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)`.
-
-    Also, the `--install-name` and `--so-name` options specify the
-    exact base names of the executable and DLL files, respectively,
-    like `win32\configure.bat --install-name=$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)-$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)`.
-
-    By default, the name for the executable without a console window
-    is generated from the _RUBY_INSTALL_NAME_ specified as above by
-    replacing `ruby` with `rubyw`.  If you want to make it different
-    more, modify _RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME_ directly in the Makefile.
-
-3.  You need specify vcpkg directory to use `--with-opt-dir`
-    option like `win32\configure.bat --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg_installed/x64-windows`
-
-4.  Run `nmake up` if you are building from GIT source.
-
-5.  Run `nmake`
-
-6.  Run `nmake prepare-vcpkg` with administrator privilege if you need to
-    copy vcpkg installed libraries like `libssl-3-x64.dll` to the build directory.
-
-7.  Run `nmake check`
-
-8.  Run `nmake install`
-
-### Build examples
-
-* Build on the ruby source directory.
-
-    ```
-    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
-    build directory:        C:\ruby
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-    ```
-
-    ```batch
-    C:
-    cd \ruby
-    win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
-    nmake
-    nmake check
-    nmake install
-    ```
-
-* Build on the relative directory from the ruby source directory.
-
-    ```
-    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
-    build directory:        C:\ruby\mswin32
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-    ```
-
-    ```batch
-    C:
-    cd \ruby
-    mkdir mswin32
-    cd mswin32
-    ..\win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
-    nmake
-    nmake check
-    nmake install
-    ```
-
-* Build on the different drive.
-
-    ```
-    ruby source directory:  C:\src\ruby
-    build directory:        D:\build\ruby
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-    ```
-
-    ```batch
-    D:
-    cd D:\build\ruby
-    C:\src\ruby\win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
-    nmake
-    nmake check
-    nmake install DESTDIR=C:
-    ```
-
-* Build x64 version (requires native x64 VC++ compiler)
-
-    ```
-    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
-    build directory:        C:\ruby
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-    ```
-
-    ```batch
-    C:
-    cd \ruby
-    win32\configure --prefix=/usr/local --target=x64-mswin64
-    nmake
-    nmake check
-    nmake install
-    ```
-
-### Bugs
-
-You can **NOT** use a path name that contains any white space characters
-as the ruby source directory, this restriction comes from the behavior
-of `!INCLUDE` directives of `NMAKE`.
-
-You can build ruby in any directory including the source directory,
-except `win32` directory in the source directory.
-This is restriction originating in the path search method of `NMAKE`.
-
-### Dependency management
-
-Ruby uses [vcpkg](https://vcpkg.io/) to manage dependencies on mswin platform.
-
-You can update and install it under the build directory like:
-
-```batch
-nmake update-vcpkg # Update baseline version of vcpkg
-nmake install-vcpkg # Install vcpkg from build directory
-```
-
-
-## Icons
-
-Any icon files(`*.ico`) in the build directory, directories specified with
-_icondirs_ make variable and `win32` directory under the ruby
-source directory will be included in DLL or executable files, according
-to their base names.
-    $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).ico or ruby.ico   --> $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).exe
-    $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).ico or rubyw.ico --> $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).exe
-    the others                             --> $(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll
-
-Although no icons are distributed with the ruby source, you can use
-anything you like. You will be able to find many images by search engines.
-For example, followings are made from [Ruby logo kit]:
-
-* Small [favicon] in the official site
-
-* [vit-ruby.ico] or [icon itself]
-
-[Ruby logo kit]: https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/misc/logo/ruby-logo-kit.zip
-[favicon]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/favicon.ico
-[vit-ruby.ico]: http://ruby.morphball.net/vit-ruby-ico_en.html
-[icon itself]: http://ruby.morphball.net/icon/vit-ruby.ico
diff --git a/doc/yarvarch.en b/doc/yarvarch.en
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a76e25b7e..0000000000
--- a/doc/yarvarch.en
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#title YARV: Yet another RubyVM - Software Architecture
-
-maybe writing.
-
-* YARV instruction set
-
-<%= d %>
diff --git a/doc/yarvarch.ja b/doc/yarvarch.ja
deleted file mode 100644
index 2739ec6b14..0000000000
--- a/doc/yarvarch.ja
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,454 +0,0 @@
-#title  YARVアーキテクチャ
-#set author 日本 Ruby の会 ささだこういち
-
-
-- 2005-03-03(Thu) 00:31:12 +0900 いろいろと書き直し
-
-----
-
-* これは？
-
-[[YARV: Yet Another RubyVM|http://www.atdot.net/yarv]] の 設計メモです。
-
-
-YARV は、Ruby プログラムのための次の機能を提供します。
-
-- Compiler
-- VM Generator
-- VM (Virtual Machine)
-- Assembler
-- Dis-Assembler
-- (experimental) JIT Compiler
-- (experimental) AOT Compiler
-
-
-現在の YARV は Ruby インタプリタの拡張ライブラリとして実装しています。こ
-れにより、Ruby インタプリタの必要な機能（パーサ、オブジェクト管理、既存
-の拡張ライブラリ）などがほぼそのまま利用できます。
-
-ただし、いくつかのパッチを Ruby インタプリタに当てなければなりません。
-
-今後は、Ruby 本体のインタプリタ部分（eval.c）を置き換えることを目指して
-開発を継続する予定です。
-
-
-* Compiler (compile.h, compile.c)
-
-コンパイラは、Ruby インタプリタのパーサによって生成された構文木（RNode
-データによる木）を YARV 命令列に変換します。YARV 命令については後述しま
-す。
-
-とくに難しいことはしていませんが、スコープなどの開始時にローカル変数の初
-期化などを行い、あとは構文木を辿り変換していきます。
-
-変換中は Ruby の Array オブジェクトに YARV 命令オブジェクト、およびオペ
-ランドを格納していき、最後に実行できる形に変換します。コンパイラでは、コ
-ンパイル中に生成するメモリ領域の管理が問題になることがありますが、YARV
-の場合、Ruby インタプリタがすべて面倒をみてくれるのでこの部分は非常に楽
-に作ることができました（ガーベージコレクタによって自動的にメモリ管理をし
-てくれるため）。
-
-YARV 命令は、命令を示す識別子、オペランドなど、すべて 1 word （マシンで
-表現できる自然な値。C 言語ではポインタのサイズ。Ruby インタプリタ用語で
-は VALUE のサイズ）で表現されます。そのため、YARV 命令はいわゆる「バイト
-コード」ではありません。そのため、YARV の説明などでは「命令列」という用
-語を使っています。
-
-1 word であるため、メモリの利用効率は多少悪くなりますが、アクセス速度な
-どを考慮すると、本方式が一番いいと考えております。たとえばオペランドをコ
-ンスタントプールに格納し、インデックスのみをオペランドで示すことも可能で
-すが、間接アクセスになってしまうので性能に影響が出るため、却下しました。
-
-
-* VM Generator (rb/insns2vm.rb, insns.def)
-
-rb/insns2vm.rb というスクリプトは、insns.def というファイルを読み込み、
-VM のために必要なファイルを生成します。具体的には、命令を実行する部分を
-生成しますが、ほかにもコンパイルに必要な情報、最適化に必要な情報、やアセ
-ンブラ、逆アセンブラに必要な情報を示すファイルも生成します。
-
-
-** 命令記述
-
-insns.def には、各命令がどのような命令であるかを記述します。具体的には次
-の情報を記述します。
-
-- 命令の名前
-- その命令のカテゴリ、コメント（英語、日本語）
-- オペランドの名前
-- その命令実行前にスタックからポップする値
-- その命令実行後にスタックにプッシュする値
-- その命令のロジック（C 言語で記述）
-
-たとえば、スタックに self をおく putself という命令は次のように記述しま
-す。
-
-#code
-/**
-  @c put
-  @e put self.
-  @j self を置く。
- */
-DEFINE_INSN
-putself
-()
-()
-(VALUE val)
-{
-  val = GET_SELF();
-}
-#end
-
-この場合、オペランドと、スタックからポップする値は無いことになります。命
-令終了後、self をスタックトップに置きたいわけですが、それは val という、
-スタックにプッシュする値として宣言しておいた変数に代入しておくことで、こ
-れを変換するとスタックトップに置く C プログラムが生成されます。
-
-細かいフォーマットは insns.def の冒頭を参照してください。そんなに難しく
-ないと思います。
-
-insnhelper.h というファイルに、命令ロジックを記述するために必要なマクロ
-が定義されています。また、VM の内部構造に関する定義は vm.h というファイ
-ルにあります。
-
-
-* VM (Virtual Machine, vm.h, vm.c)
-
-VM は、実際にコンパイルした結果生成される YARV 命令列を実行します。まさ
-に、この部分が YARV のキモになり、将来的には eval.c をこの VM で置き換え
-たいと考えています。
-
-現在の Ruby インタプリタで実行できるすべてのことが、この VM で実現できる
-ように作っています（現段階ではまだ完全ではありませんが、そうなるべきです）。
-
-VM は、単純なスタックマシンとして実装しています。スレッドひとつにスタッ
-クひとつを保持します。スタックの領域はヒープから取得するので、柔軟な領域
-設定が可能です。
-
-
-** レジスタ
-
-VM は 5 つの仮想的なレジスタによって制御されます。
-
-- PC (Program Counter)
-- SP (Stack Pointer)
-- CFP (Control Frame Pointer)
-- LFP (Local Frame Pointer)
-- DFP (Dynamic Frame Pointer)
-
-PC は現在実行中の命令列の位置を示します。SP はスタックトップの位置を示し
-ます。CFP、LFP、DFP はそれぞれフレームの情報を示します。詳細は後述します。
-
-
-** スタックフレーム
-
-obsolete (update soon)
-
-
-** フレームデザインについての補足
-
-Lisp の処理系などをかんがえると、わざわざブロックローカルフレームとメソ
-ッドローカルフレームのようなものを用意するのは奇異に見えるかもしれません。
-あるフレームを、入れ子構造にして、ローカル変数のアクセスはその入れ子を外
-側に辿れば必ずたどり着くことができるからです（つまり、lfp は必要ない）。
-
-しかし、Ruby ではいくつか状況が違います。まず、メソッドローカルな情報が
-あること、具体的にはブロックとself（callee からみると receiver）です。こ
-の情報をそれぞれのフレームにもたせるのは無駄です。
-
-また、Ruby2.0 からはブロックローカル変数はなくなります（ブロックローカル
-引数は残るので、構造自体はあまり変わりません）。そのため、メソッドローカ
-ル変数へのアクセスが頻発することが予想されます。
-
-このとき、メソッドローカル変数へのアクセスのたびにフレーム（スコープ）の
-リストをたどるのは無駄であると判断し、明示的にメソッドローカルスコープと
-ブロックフレームを分離し、ブロックフレームからはメソッドローカルフレーム
-が lfpレジスタによって容易にアクセスできるようにしました。
-
-
-** メソッド呼び出しについて
-
-メソッド呼び出しは、YARV 命令列で記述されたメソッドか、C で記述されたメ
-ソッドかによってディスパッチ手法が変わります。
-
-YARV 命令列であった場合、上述したスタックフレームを作成して命令を継続し
-ます。とくに VM の関数を再帰呼び出すすることは行ないません。
-
-C で記述されたメソッドだった場合、単純にその関数を呼び出します（ただし、
-バックトレースを正しく生成するためにメソッド呼び出しの情報を付加してから
-行ないます）。
-
-このため、VM 用スタックを別途用意したものの、プログラムによってはマシン
-スタックを使い切ってしまう可能性があります（C -> Ruby -> C -> ... という
-呼び出しが続いた場合）。これは、現在では避けられない仕様となっています。
-
-
-** 例外
-
-例外は、Java の JVM と同様に例外テーブルを用意することで実現します。例外
-が発生したら、当該フレームを、例外テーブルを検査します。そこで、例外が発
-生したときの PC の値に合致するエントリがあった場合、そのエントリに従って
-動作します。もしエントリが見つからなかった場合、スタックを撒き戻してまた
-同様にそのスコープの例外テーブルを検査します。
-
-また、break、return（ブロック中）、retry なども同様の仕組みで実現します。
-
-*** 例外テーブル
-
-例外テーブルエントリは具体的には次の情報が格納されています。
-
-- 対象とする PC の範囲
-- 対象とする例外の種類
-- もし対象となったときにジャンプする先（種類による）
-- もし対象となったときに起動するブロックの iseq
-
-
-*** rescue
-
-rescue 節はブロックとして実現しています。$! の値を唯一の引数として持ちま
-す。
-
-#code
-begin
-rescue A
-rescue B
-rescue C
-end
-#end
-
-は、次のような Ruby スクリプトに変換されます。
-
-#code
-{|err|
-  case err
-  when A === err
-  when B === err
-  when C === err
-  else
-    raise # yarv の命令では throw
-  end
-}
-#end
-
-
-*** ensure
-
-正常系（例外が発生しなかった場合）と異常系（例外が発生したときなど）の2
-種類の命令列が生成されます。正常系では、ただの連続したコード領域としてコ
-ンパイルされます。また、異常系ではブロックとして実装します。最後は必ず
-throw 命令で締めることになります。
-
-
-*** break, return（ブロック中）、retry
-
-break 文、ブロック中の return 文、retry 文は throw 命令としてコンパイル
-されます。どこまで戻るかは、break をフックする例外テーブルのエントリが判
-断します。
-
-
-** 定数の検索
-
-定数という名前なのに、Ruby ではコンパイル時に決定しません。というか、い
-つまでも再定義可能になっています。
-
-定数アクセスのためのRuby記述は次のようになります。
-
-#code
-Ruby表現:
-expr::ID::...::ID
-#end
-
-これは、yarv命令セットでは次のようになります。
-
-#code
-(expr)
-getconstant ID
-...
-getconstant ID
-#end
-
-
-*** 定数検索パス
-
-もし expr が nil だった場合、定数検索パスに従って定数を検索します。この
-挙動は今後 Ruby 2.0 に向けて変更される場合があります。
-
-+ クラス、モジュールの動的ネスト関係（プログラムの字面上）をルートまで辿る
-+ 継承関係をルート（Object）まで辿る
-
-このため、クラス、モジュールの動的ネスト関係を保存しなければなりません。
-このために、thread_object には klass_nest_stack というものを用意しました。
-これは、現在のネストの情報を保存します。
-
-メソッド定義時、その現在のネスト情報をメソッド定義時に（dupして）加える
-ことで、そのメソッドの実行時、そのネスト情報を参照することが可能になりま
-す。
-
-トップレベルでは、その情報はないことになります。
-
-クラス/モジュール定義文実行時は、現在の情報そのものを参照することになり
-ます。これは、クラススコープ突入時、その情報をクラス定義文にコピーします
-（すでにコピーされていれば、これを行いません）。
-
-これにより、動的なネスト情報を統一的に扱うことができます。
-
-
-** 最適化手法
-
-YARV では高速化を目的としているので、さまざまな最適化手法を利用していま
-す。詳細は割愛しますが、以下に述べる最適化などを行なっております。
-
-
-*** threaded code
-
-GCC の C 言語拡張である値としてのラベルを利用して direct threaded code
-を実現しています。
-
-
-*** Peephole optimization
-
-いくつかの簡単な最適化をしています。
-
-
-*** inline method cache
-
-命令列の中にメソッド検索結果を埋め込みます。
-
-
-*** inline constant cache
-
-命令列の中に定数検索結果を埋め込みます。
-
-
-*** ブロックと Proc オブジェクトの分離
-
-ブロック付きメソッド呼び出しが行なわれたときにはすぐにはブロックを Proc
-オブジェクトとして生成しません。これにより、必要ない Proc オブジェクトの
-生成を抑えています。
-
-Proc メソッドは、実際に必要になった時点で作られ、そのときに環境（スコー
-プ上に確保された変数など）をヒープに保存します。
-
-
-*** 特化命令
-
-Fixnum 同士の加算などを正直に関数呼び出しによって行なうと、コストがかか
-るので、これらのプリミティブな操作を行なうためのメソッド呼び出しは専用命
-令を用意しました。
-
-
-*** 命令融合
-
-複数の命令を 1 命令に変換します。融合命令は opt_insn_unif.def の記述によ
-り自動的に生成されます。
-
-
-*** オペランド融合
-
-複数のオペランドを含めた命令を生成します。融合命令は opt_operand.def の
-記述によって自動的に生成されます。
-
-
-*** stack caching
-
-スタックトップを仮想レジスタに保持するようにします。現在は 2 個の仮想レ
-ジスタを想定し、5状態のスタックキャッシングを行ないます。スタックキャッ
-シングする命令は自動的に生成されます。
-
-
-*** JIT Compile
-
-機械語を切り貼りします。非常に実験的なコードものしか作っておりません。ほ
-とんどのプログラムは動きません。
-
-
-*** AOT Compile
-
-YARV 命令列を C 言語に変換します。まだ十分な最適化を行なえておりませんが、
-それなりに動きます。rb/aotc.rb がコンパイラです。
-
-
-* Assembler (rb/yasm.rb)
-
-YARV 命令列のアセンブラを用意しました。使い方は rb/yasm.rb を参照してく
-ださい（まだ、例示してある生成手法のすべてをサポートしているわけではあり
-ません）。
-
-
-* Dis-Assembler (disasm.c)
-
-YARV 命令列を示すオブジェクト YARVCore::InstructionSequence には disasm
-メソッドがあります。これは、命令列を逆アセンブルした文字列を返します。
-
-
-* YARV 命令セット
-
-<%= d %>
-
-* その他
-
-** テスト
-
-test/test_* がテストケースです。一応、ミスなく動くはずです。逆にいうと、
-このテストに記述されている例ではきちんと動作するということです。
-
-
-** ベンチマーク
-
-benchmark/bm_* にベンチマークプログラムがおいてあります。
-
-
-** 今後の予定
-
-まだまだやらなければいけないこと、未実装部分がたくさんありますんでやって
-いかなければなりません。一番大きな目標は eval.c を置き換えることでしょう
-か。
-
-
-*** Verifier
-
-YARV 命令列は、ミスがあっても動かしてしまうため危険である可能性がありま
-す。そのため、スタックの利用状態をきちんと事前に検証するようなベリファイ
-アを用意しなければならないと考えています。
-
-
-*** Compiled File の構想
-
-Ruby プログラムをこの命令セットにシリアライズしたデータ構造をファイルに
-出力できるようにしたいと考えています。これを利用して一度コンパイルした命
-令列をファイルに保存しておけば、次回ロード時にはコンパイルの手間、コスト
-を省くことができます。
-
-
-**** 全体構成
-
-次のようなファイル構成を考えていますが、まだ未定です。
-
-#code
-u4 : 4 byte unsigned storage
-u2 : 2 byte unsigned storage
-u1 : 1 byte unsigned storage
-
-every storages are little endian :-)
-
-CompiledFile{
-  u4 magic;
-
-  u2 major;
-  u2 minor;
-
-  u4 character_code;
-
-  u4 constants_pool_count;
-  ConstantEntry constants_pool[constants_pool_count];
-
-  u4 block_count;
-  blockEntry blocks[block_count];
-
-  u4 method_count;
-  MethodEntry methods[method_count];
-}
-#end
-
-Java classfile のパクリ。
-
diff --git a/doc/yjit/yjit.md b/doc/yjit/yjit.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0024c780b9..0000000000
--- a/doc/yjit/yjit.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,544 +0,0 @@
-<p align="center">
-  <a href="https://yjit.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
-    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/224488/131155756-aa8fb528-a813-4dfd-99ac-8785c3d5eed7.png" width="400">
-  </a>
-</p>
-
-YJIT - Yet Another Ruby JIT
-===========================
-
-YJIT is a lightweight, minimalistic Ruby JIT built inside CRuby.
-It lazily compiles code using a Basic Block Versioning (BBV) architecture.
-YJIT is currently supported for macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs.
-This project is open source and falls under the same license as CRuby.
-
-<p align="center"><b>
-    If you're using YJIT in production, please
-    <a href="mailto:maxime.chevalierboisvert@shopify.com">share your success stories with us!</a>
-</b></p>
-
-If you wish to learn more about the approach taken, here are some conference talks and publications:
-
-- MPLR 2023 talk: [Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVRmPZcNUhc)
-- RubyKaigi 2023 keynote: [Optimizing YJIT’s Performance, from Inception to Production](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0JRhh8w_4I)
-- RubyKaigi 2023 keynote: [Fitting Rust YJIT into CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI7vvAgP_Qs)
-- RubyKaigi 2022 keynote: [Stories from developing YJIT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMchdR9C8XM)
-- RubyKaigi 2022 talk: [Building a Lightweight IR and Backend for YJIT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbLGqTxTRp0)
-- RubyKaigi 2021 talk: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBVLf3yfMs8)
-- Blog post: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://pointersgonewild.com/2021/06/02/yjit-building-a-new-jit-compiler-inside-cruby/)
-- MPLR 2023 paper: [Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617651.3622982)
-- VMIL 2021 paper: [YJIT: A Basic Block Versioning JIT Compiler for CRuby](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3486606.3486781)
-- MoreVMs 2021 talk: [YJIT: Building a New JIT Compiler Inside CRuby](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vucLAqv7qpc)
-- ECOOP 2016 talk: [Interprocedural Type Specialization of JavaScript Programs Without Type Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRNBY7Ss97A)
-- ECOOP 2016 paper: [Interprocedural Type Specialization of JavaScript Programs Without Type Analysis](https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2016/6101/pdf/LIPIcs-ECOOP-2016-7.pdf)
-- ECOOP 2015 talk: [Simple and Effective Type Check Removal through Lazy Basic Block Versioning](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-aHBuoiYE0)
-- ECOOP 2015 paper: [Simple and Effective Type Check Removal through Lazy Basic Block Versioning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.0352.pdf)
-
-To cite YJIT in your publications, please cite the MPLR 2023 paper:
-
-```BibTeX
-@inproceedings{yjit_mplr_2023,
-author = {Chevalier-Boisvert, Maxime and Kokubun, Takashi and Gibbs, Noah and Wu, Si Xing (Alan) and Patterson, Aaron and Issroff, Jemma},
-title = {Evaluating YJIT’s Performance in a Production Context: A Pragmatic Approach},
-year = {2023},
-isbn = {9798400703805},
-publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
-address = {New York, NY, USA},
-url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3617651.3622982},
-doi = {10.1145/3617651.3622982},
-booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes},
-pages = {20–33},
-numpages = {14},
-keywords = {dynamically typed, optimization, just-in-time, virtual machine, ruby, compiler, bytecode},
-location = {Cascais, Portugal},
-series = {MPLR 2023}
-}
-```
-
-## Current Limitations
-
-YJIT may not be suitable for certain applications. It currently only supports macOS, Linux and BSD on x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs. YJIT will use more memory than the Ruby interpreter because the JIT compiler needs to generate machine code in memory and maintain additional state information.
-You can change how much executable memory is allocated using [YJIT's command-line options](#command-line-options).
-
-## Installation
-
-### Requirements
-
-You will need to install:
-
- - All the usual build tools for Ruby. See [Building Ruby](../contributing/building_ruby.md)
- - The Rust compiler `rustc`
-    - The Rust version must be [>= 1.58.0](../../yjit/Cargo.toml).
- - Optionally, only if you wish to build in dev/debug mode, Rust's `cargo`
-
-If you don't intend on making code changes to YJIT itself, we recommend
-obtaining `rustc` through your OS's package manager since that
-likely reuses the same vendor which provides the C toolchain.
-
-If you will be changing YJIT's Rust code, we suggest using the
-[first-party installation method][rust-install] for Rust. Rust also provides
-first class [support][editor-tools] for many source code editors.
-
-[rust-install]: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
-[editor-tools]: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools
-
-### Building YJIT
-
-Start by cloning the `ruby/ruby` repository:
-
-```sh
-git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby yjit
-cd yjit
-```
-
-The YJIT `ruby` binary can be built with either GCC or Clang. It can be built either in dev (debug) mode or in release mode. For maximum performance, compile YJIT in release mode with GCC. More detailed build instructions are provided in the [Ruby README](https://github.com/ruby/ruby#how-to-build).
-
-```sh
-# Configure in release mode for maximum performance, build and install
-./autogen.sh
-./configure --enable-yjit --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
-make -j && make install
-```
-
-or
-
-```sh
-# Configure in lower-performance dev (debug) mode for development, build and install
-./autogen.sh
-./configure --enable-yjit=dev --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
-make -j && make install
-```
-
-Dev mode includes extended YJIT statistics, but can be slow. For only statistics you can configure in stats mode:
-
-```sh
-# Configure in extended-stats mode without slow runtime checks, build and install
-./autogen.sh
-./configure --enable-yjit=stats --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc
-make -j && make install
-```
-
-On macOS, you may need to specify where to find some libraries:
-
-```sh
-# Install dependencies
-brew install openssl libyaml
-
-# Configure in dev (debug) mode for development, build and install
-./autogen.sh
-./configure --enable-yjit=dev --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl):$(brew --prefix readline):$(brew --prefix libyaml)"
-make -j && make install
-```
-
-Typically configure will choose the default C compiler. To specify the C compiler, use
-
-```sh
-# Choosing a specific c compiler
-export CC=/path/to/my/chosen/c/compiler
-```
-
-before running `./configure`.
-
-You can test that YJIT works correctly by running:
-
-```sh
-# Quick tests found in /bootstraptest
-make btest
-
-# Complete set of tests
-make -j test-all
-```
-
-## Usage
-
-### Examples
-
-Once YJIT is built, you can either use `./miniruby` from within your build directory, or switch to the YJIT version of `ruby`
-by using the `chruby` tool:
-
-```sh
-chruby ruby-yjit
-ruby myscript.rb
-```
-
-You can dump statistics about compilation and execution by running YJIT with the `--yjit-stats` command-line option:
-
-```sh
-./miniruby --yjit-stats myscript.rb
-```
-
-You can see what YJIT has compiled by running YJIT with the `--yjit-log` command-line option:
-
-```sh
-./miniruby --yjit-log myscript.rb
-```
-
-The machine code generated for a given method can be printed by adding `puts RubyVM::YJIT.disasm(method(:method_name))` to a Ruby script. Note that no code will be generated if the method is not compiled.
-
-<h3 id="command-line-options">Command-Line Options</h3>
-
-YJIT supports all command-line options supported by upstream CRuby, but also adds a few YJIT-specific options:
-
-- `--yjit`: enable YJIT (disabled by default)
-- `--yjit-mem-size=N`: soft limit on YJIT memory usage in MiB (default: 128). Tries to limit `code_region_size + yjit_alloc_size`
-- `--yjit-exec-mem-size=N`: hard limit on executable memory block in MiB. Limits `code_region_size`
-- `--yjit-call-threshold=N`: number of calls after which YJIT begins to compile a function.
-  It defaults to 30, and it's then increased to 120 when the number of ISEQs in the process reaches 40,000.
-- `--yjit-cold-threshold=N`: number of global calls after which an ISEQ is considered cold and not
-  compiled, lower values mean less code is compiled (default 200K)
-- `--yjit-stats`: print statistics after the execution of a program (incurs a run-time cost)
-- `--yjit-stats=quiet`: gather statistics while running a program but don't print them. Stats are accessible through `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`. (incurs a run-time cost)
-- `--yjit-log[=file|dir]`: log all compilation events to the specified file or directory. If no name is supplied, the last 1024 log entries will be printed to stderr when the application exits.
-- `--yjit-log=quiet`: gather a circular buffer of recent YJIT compilations. The compilation log entries are accessible through `RubyVM::YJIT.log` and old entries will be discarded if the buffer is not drained quickly. (incurs a run-time cost)
-- `--yjit-disable`: disable YJIT despite other `--yjit*` flags for lazily enabling it with `RubyVM::YJIT.enable`
-- `--yjit-code-gc`: enable code GC (disabled by default as of Ruby 3.3).
-  It will cause all machine code to be discarded when the executable memory size limit is hit, meaning JIT compilation will then start over.
-  This can allow you to use a lower executable memory size limit, but may cause a slight drop in performance when the limit is hit.
-- `--yjit-perf`: enable frame pointers and profiling with the `perf` tool
-- `--yjit-trace-exits`: produce a Marshal dump of backtraces from all exits. Automatically enables `--yjit-stats`
-- `--yjit-trace-exits=COUNTER`: produce a Marshal dump of backtraces from a counted exit or a fallback. Automatically enables `--yjit-stats`
-- `--yjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N`: trace exit locations only every Nth occurrence. Automatically enables `--yjit-trace-exits`
-
-Note that there is also an environment variable `RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE` which can be used to enable YJIT.
-This can be useful for some deployment scripts where specifying an extra command-line option to Ruby is not practical.
-
-You can also enable YJIT at run-time using `RubyVM::YJIT.enable`. This can allow you to enable YJIT after your application is done
-booting, which makes it possible to avoid compiling any initialization code.
-
-You can verify that YJIT is enabled using `RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?` or by checking that `ruby --yjit -v` includes the string `+YJIT`:
-
-```sh
-ruby --yjit -v
-ruby 3.3.0dev (2023-01-31T15:11:10Z master 2a0bf269c9) +YJIT dev [x86_64-darwin22]
-
-ruby --yjit -e "p RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?"
-true
-
-ruby -e "RubyVM::YJIT.enable; p RubyVM::YJIT.enabled?"
-true
-```
-
-### Benchmarking
-
-We have collected a set of benchmarks and implemented a simple benchmarking harness in the [yjit-bench](https://github.com/Shopify/yjit-bench) repository. This benchmarking harness is designed to disable CPU frequency scaling, set process affinity and disable address space randomization so that the variance between benchmarking runs will be as small as possible.
-
-## Performance Tips for Production Deployments
-
-While YJIT options default to what we think would work well for most workloads,
-they might not necessarily be the best configuration for your application.
-This section covers tips on improving YJIT performance in case YJIT does not
-speed up your application in production.
-
-### Increasing --yjit-mem-size
-
-The `--yjit-mem-size` value can be used to set the maximum amount of memory that YJIT
-is allowed to use. This corresponds to the total of `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:code_region_size]`
-and `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:yjit_alloc_size]`
-Increasing the `--yjit-mem-size` value means more code
-can be optimized by YJIT, at the cost of more memory usage.
-
-If you start Ruby with `--yjit-stats`, e.g. using an environment variable `RUBYOPT=--yjit-stats`,
-`RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:ratio_in_yjit]` shows the percentage of total YARV instructions
-executed by YJIT as opposed to the CRuby interpreter.
-Ideally, `ratio_in_yjit` should be as large as 99%, and increasing `--yjit-mem-size` often
-helps improving `ratio_in_yjit`.
-
-### Running workers as long as possible
-
-It's helpful to call the same code as many times as possible before a process restarts.
-If a process is killed too frequently, the time taken for compiling methods may outweigh
-the speedup obtained by compiling them.
-
-You should monitor the number of requests each process has served.
-If you're periodically killing worker processes, e.g. with `unicorn-worker-killer` or `puma_worker_killer`,
-you may want to reduce the killing frequency or increase the limit.
-
-## Reducing YJIT Memory Usage
-
-YJIT allocates memory for JIT code and metadata. Enabling YJIT generally results in more memory usage.
-This section goes over tips on minimizing YJIT memory usage in case it uses more than your capacity.
-
-### Decreasing --yjit-mem-size
-
-YJIT uses memory for compiled code and metadata. You can change the maximum amount of memory
-that YJIT can use by specifying a different `--yjit-mem-size` command-line option. The default value
-is currently `128`.
-When changing this value, you may want to monitor `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats[:ratio_in_yjit]`
-as explained above.
-
-### Enabling YJIT lazily
-
-If you enable YJIT by `--yjit` options or `RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1`, YJIT may compile code that is
-used only during the application boot. `RubyVM::YJIT.enable` allows you to enable YJIT from Ruby code,
-and you can call this after your application is initialized, e.g. on Unicorn's `after_fork` hook.
-If you use any YJIT options (`--yjit-*`), YJIT will start at boot by default, but `--yjit-disable`
-allows you to start Ruby with the YJIT-disabled mode while passing YJIT tuning options.
-
-## Code Optimization Tips
-
-This section contains tips on writing Ruby code that will run as fast as possible on YJIT. Some of this advice is based on current limitations of YJIT, while other advice is broadly applicable. It probably won't be practical to apply these tips everywhere in your codebase. You should ideally start by profiling your application using a tool such as [stackprof](https://github.com/tmm1/stackprof) so that you can determine which methods make up most of the execution time. You can then refactor the specific methods that make up the largest fractions of the execution time. We do not recommend modifying your entire codebase based on the current limitations of YJIT.
-
-- Avoid using `OpenStruct`
-- Avoid redefining basic integer operations (i.e. +, -, <, >, etc.)
-- Avoid redefining the meaning of `nil`, equality, etc.
-- Avoid allocating objects in the hot parts of your code
-- Minimize layers of indirection
-  - Avoid writing wrapper classes if you can (e.g. a class that only wraps a Ruby hash)
-  - Avoid methods that just call another method
-- Ruby method calls are costly. Avoid things such as methods that only return a value from a hash
-- Try to write code so that the same variables and method arguments always have the same type
-- Avoid using `TracePoint` as it can cause YJIT to deoptimize code
-- Avoid using `binding` as it can cause YJIT to deoptimize code
-
-You can also use the `--yjit-stats` command-line option to see which bytecodes cause YJIT to exit, and refactor your code to avoid using these instructions in the hottest methods of your code.
-
-### Other Statistics
-
-If you run `ruby` with `--yjit-stats`, YJIT will track and return performance statistics in `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`.
-
-```rb
-$ RUBYOPT="--yjit-stats" irb
-irb(main):001:0> RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats
-=>
-{:inline_code_size=>340745,
- :outlined_code_size=>297664,
- :all_stats=>true,
- :yjit_insns_count=>1547816,
- :send_callsite_not_simple=>7267,
- :send_kw_splat=>7,
- :send_ivar_set_method=>72,
-...
-```
-
-Some of the counters include:
-
-* `:yjit_insns_count` - how many Ruby bytecode instructions have been executed
-* `:binding_allocations` - number of bindings allocated
-* `:binding_set` - number of variables set via a binding
-* `:code_gc_count` - number of garbage collections of compiled code since process start
-* `:vm_insns_count` - number of instructions executed by the Ruby interpreter
-* `:compiled_iseq_count` - number of bytecode sequences compiled
-* `:inline_code_size` - size in bytes of compiled YJIT blocks
-* `:outline_code_size` - size in bytes of YJIT error-handling compiled code
-* `:side_exit_count` - number of side exits taken at runtime
-* `:total_exit_count` - number of exits, including side exits, taken at runtime
-* `:avg_len_in_yjit` - avg. number of instructions in compiled blocks before exiting to interpreter
-
-Counters starting with "exit_" show reasons for YJIT code taking a side exit (return to the interpreter.)
-
-Performance counter names are not guaranteed to remain the same between Ruby versions. If you're curious what each counter means,
-it's usually best to search the source code for it &mdash; but it may change in a later Ruby version.
-
-The printed text after a `--yjit-stats` run includes other information that may be named differently than the information in `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats`.
-
-## Contributing
-
-We welcome open source contributions. You should feel free to open new issues to report bugs or just to ask questions.
-Suggestions on how to make this readme file more helpful for new contributors are most welcome.
-
-Bug fixes and bug reports are very valuable to us. If you find a bug in YJIT, it's very possible be that nobody has reported it before,
-or that we don't have a good reproduction for it, so please open an issue and provide as much information as you can about your configuration and a description of how you encountered the problem. List the commands you used to run YJIT so that we can easily reproduce the issue on our end and investigate it. If you are able to produce a small program reproducing the error to help us track it down, that is very much appreciated as well.
-
-If you would like to contribute a large patch to YJIT, we suggest opening an issue or a discussion on the [Shopify/ruby repository](https://github.com/Shopify/ruby/issues) so that
-we can have an active discussion. A common problem is that sometimes people submit large pull requests to open source projects
-without prior communication, and we have to reject them because the work they implemented does not fit within the design of the
-project. We want to save you time and frustration, so please reach out so we can have a productive discussion as to how
-you can contribute patches we will want to merge into YJIT.
-
-### Source Code Organization
-
-The YJIT source code is divided between:
-
-- `yjit.c`: code YJIT uses to interface with the rest of CRuby
-- `yjit.h`: C definitions YJIT exposes to the rest of the CRuby
-- `yjit.rb`: `YJIT` Ruby module that is exposed to Ruby
-- `yjit/src/asm/*`: in-memory assembler we use to generate machine code
-- `yjit/src/codegen.rs`: logic for translating Ruby bytecode to machine code
-- `yjit/src/core.rb`: basic block versioning logic, core structure of YJIT
-- `yjit/src/stats.rs`: gathering of run-time statistics
-- `yjit/src/options.rs`: handling of command-line options
-- `yjit/src/cruby.rs`: C bindings manually exposed to the Rust codebase
-- `yjit/bindgen/src/main.rs`: C bindings exposed to the Rust codebase through bindgen
-
-The core of CRuby's interpreter logic is found in:
-
-- `insns.def`: defines Ruby's bytecode instructions (gets compiled into `vm.inc`)
-- `vm_insnshelper.c`: logic used by Ruby's bytecode instructions
-- `vm_exec.c`: Ruby interpreter loop
-
-### Generating C bindings with bindgen
-
-In order to expose C functions to the Rust codebase, you will need to generate C bindings:
-
-```sh
-CC=clang ./configure --enable-yjit=dev
-make -j yjit-bindgen
-```
-
-This uses the bindgen tools to generate/update `yjit/src/cruby_bindings.inc.rs` based on the
-bindings listed in `yjit/bindgen/src/main.rs`. Avoid manually editing this file
-as it could be automatically regenerated at a later time. If you need to manually add C bindings,
-add them to `yjit/cruby.rs` instead.
-
-### Coding & Debugging Protips
-
-There are multiple test suites:
-
-- `make btest` (see `/bootstraptest`)
-- `make test-all`
-- `make test-spec`
-- `make check` runs all of the above
-- `make yjit-smoke-test` runs quick checks to see that YJIT is working correctly
-
-The tests can be run in parallel like this:
-
-```sh
-make -j test-all RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
-```
-
-Or single-threaded like this, to more easily identify which specific test is failing:
-
-```sh
-make test-all TESTOPTS=--verbose RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
-```
-
-To run a single test file with `test-all`:
-
-```sh
-make test-all TESTS='test/-ext-/marshal/test_usrmarshal.rb' RUNRUBYOPT=--debugger=lldb RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
-```
-
-It's also possible to filter tests by name to run a single test:
-
-```sh
-make test-all TESTS='-n /test_float_plus/' RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
-```
-
-You can also run one specific test in `btest`:
-
-```sh
-make btest BTESTS=bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb RUN_OPTS="--yjit-call-threshold=1"
-```
-
-There are shortcuts to run/debug your own test/repro in `test.rb`:
-
-```sh
-make run  # runs ./miniruby test.rb
-make lldb # launches ./miniruby test.rb in lldb
-```
-
-You can use the Intel syntax for disassembly in LLDB, keeping it consistent with YJIT's disassembly:
-
-```sh
-echo "settings set target.x86-disassembly-flavor intel" >> ~/.lldbinit
-```
-
-## Running x86 YJIT on Apple's Rosetta
-
-For development purposes, it is possible to run x86 YJIT on an Apple M1 via Rosetta.  You can find basic
-instructions below, but there are a few caveats listed further down.
-
-First, install Rosetta:
-
-```console
-$ softwareupdate --install-rosetta
-```
-
-Now any command can be run with Rosetta via the `arch` command line tool.
-
-Then you can start your shell in an x86 environment:
-
-```console
-$ arch -x86_64 zsh
-```
-
-You can double check your current architecture via the `arch` command:
-
-```console
-$ arch -x86_64 zsh
-$ arch
-i386
-```
-
-You may need to set the default target for `rustc` to x86-64, e.g.
-
-```console
-$ rustup default stable-x86_64-apple-darwin
-```
-
-While in your i386 shell, install Cargo and Homebrew, then hack away!
-
-### Rosetta Caveats
-
-1. You must install a version of Homebrew for each architecture
-2. Cargo will install in $HOME/.cargo by default, and I don't know a good way to change architectures after install
-
-If you use Fish shell you can [read this link](https://tenderlovemaking.com/2022/01/07/homebrew-rosetta-and-ruby.html) for information on making the dev environment easier.
-
-## Profiling with Linux perf
-
-`--yjit-perf` allows you to profile JIT-ed methods along with other native functions using Linux perf.
-When you run Ruby with `perf record`, perf looks up `/tmp/perf-{pid}.map` to resolve symbols in JIT code,
-and this option lets YJIT write method symbols into that file as well as enabling frame pointers.
-
-### Call graph
-
-Here's an example way to use this option with [Firefox Profiler](https://profiler.firefox.com)
-(See also: [Profiling with Linux perf](https://profiler.firefox.com/docs/#/./guide-perf-profiling)):
-
-```bash
-# Compile the interpreter with frame pointers enabled
-./configure --enable-yjit --prefix=$HOME/.rubies/ruby-yjit --disable-install-doc cflags=-fno-omit-frame-pointer
-make -j && make install
-
-# [Optional] Allow running perf without sudo
-echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
-echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid
-
-# Profile Ruby with --yjit-perf
-cd ../yjit-bench
-PERF="record --call-graph fp" ruby --yjit-perf -Iharness-perf benchmarks/liquid-render/benchmark.rb
-
-# View results on Firefox Profiler https://profiler.firefox.com.
-# Create /tmp/test.perf as below and upload it using "Load a profile from file".
-perf script --fields +pid > /tmp/test.perf
-```
-
-### YJIT codegen
-
-You can also profile the number of cycles consumed by code generated by each YJIT function.
-
-```bash
-# Install perf
-apt-get install linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic linux-tools-`uname -r`
-
-# [Optional] Allow running perf without sudo
-echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
-echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid
-
-# Profile Ruby with --yjit-perf=codegen
-cd ../yjit-bench
-PERF=record ruby --yjit-perf=codegen -Iharness-perf benchmarks/lobsters/benchmark.rb
-
-# Aggregate results
-perf script > /tmp/perf.txt
-../ruby/misc/yjit_perf.py /tmp/perf.txt
-```
-
-#### Building perf with Python support
-
-The above instructions work fine for most people, but you could also use
-a handy `perf script -s` interface if you build perf from source.
-
-```bash
-# Build perf from source for Python support
-sudo apt-get install libpython3-dev python3-pip flex libtraceevent-dev \
-  libelf-dev libunwind-dev libaudit-dev libslang2-dev libdw-dev
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/torvalds/linux
-cd linux/tools/perf
-make
-make install
-
-# Aggregate results
-perf script -s ../ruby/misc/yjit_perf.py
-```
diff --git a/enc/Makefile.in b/enc/Makefile.in
index ce93fdd22d..2a3c45169f 100644
--- a/enc/Makefile.in
+++ b/enc/Makefile.in
@@ -24,13 +24,14 @@ OBJEXT = @OBJEXT@
 LIBEXT = @LIBEXT@
 EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
 TIMESTAMPDIR  = $(EXTOUT)/.timestamp
-ENC_TRANS_D   = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.enc-trans.time
-ENC_TRANS_SO_D = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.enc-trans.so.time
+ENC_TRANS_D   = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/enc-trans.time
+ENC_TRANS_SO_D = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/enc-trans-$(arch).time
 
 BUILTIN_ENCS	= enc/ascii.c enc/us_ascii.c\
 		  enc/unicode.c enc/utf_8.c
 
 BUILTIN_TRANSES	= enc/trans/newline.trans
+BUILTIN_TRANS_CSRCS = $(BUILTIN_TRANSES:.trans=.c)
 
 RUBY_SO_NAME = @RUBY_SO_NAME@
 LIBRUBY = @LIBRUBY@
diff --git a/enc/ascii.c b/enc/ascii.c
index ae7db97f25..4ba93f4feb 100644
--- a/enc/ascii.c
+++ b/enc/ascii.c
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(ascii, ASCII) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   ENCINDEX_ASCII_8BIT,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/big5.c b/enc/big5.c
index ab4fb69819..e141ebdbe3 100644
--- a/enc/big5.c
+++ b/enc/big5.c
@@ -300,7 +300,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(big5, BIG5) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   big5_left_adjust_char_head,
   big5_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
@@ -335,7 +339,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(big5_hkscs, BIG5_HKSCS) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   big5_left_adjust_char_head,
   big5_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
@@ -370,7 +378,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(big5_uao, BIG5_UAO) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   big5_left_adjust_char_head,
   big5_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/cp949.c b/enc/cp949.c
index 1600d0cd5b..77e961a7cd 100644
--- a/enc/cp949.c
+++ b/enc/cp949.c
@@ -211,7 +211,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(cp949, CP949) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   cp949_left_adjust_char_head,
   cp949_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/depend b/enc/depend
index 2918a90a05..4bf97dc880 100644
--- a/enc/depend
+++ b/enc/depend
@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@ clean:
 % end
 % unless inplace
 	$(Q)$(RM) enc/unicode/*/casefold.h enc/unicode/*/name2ctype.h
-	$(Q)$(RM) enc/jis/props.h
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) enc/unicode<%=ignore_error%>
+	$(Q)$(RM) enc/trans/newline.c enc/jis/props.h
+	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) enc/trnas enc/unicode<%=ignore_error%>
 % end
 % workdirs.reverse_each do|d|
 	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) <%=pathrep[d]%><%=ignore_error%>
 % end
 
 clean-srcs:
-	$(Q)$(RM) <%=pathrep['$(TRANSCSRCS)']%>
+	$(Q)$(RM) <%=pathrep['$(TRANSCSRCS)']%> <%=pathrep['$(BUILTIN_TRANS_CSRCS)']%>
 	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) <%=pathrep['enc/trans']%><%=ignore_error%>
 	$(Q)$(RM) enc/unicode/*/casefold.h enc/unicode/*/name2ctype.h
 	$(Q)$(RM) enc/jis/props.h
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -479,6 +480,7 @@ enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -651,6 +653,7 @@ enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -813,6 +816,7 @@ enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/cp949.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -974,6 +978,7 @@ enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/emacs_mule.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1145,6 +1150,7 @@ enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/encdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1309,6 +1315,7 @@ enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1470,6 +1477,7 @@ enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/euc_kr.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1631,6 +1639,7 @@ enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/euc_tw.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1792,6 +1801,7 @@ enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1953,6 +1963,7 @@ enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/gb2312.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2114,6 +2125,7 @@ enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2276,6 +2288,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_1.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2438,6 +2451,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_10.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2599,6 +2613,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_11.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2761,6 +2776,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_13.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2923,6 +2939,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_14.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3085,6 +3102,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_15.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3247,6 +3265,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_16.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3409,6 +3428,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_2.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3571,6 +3591,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_3.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3733,6 +3754,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_4.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3894,6 +3916,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4055,6 +4078,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_6.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4216,6 +4240,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_7.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4377,6 +4402,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4539,6 +4565,7 @@ enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/iso_8859_9.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4700,6 +4727,7 @@ enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/koi8_r.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4861,6 +4889,7 @@ enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/koi8_u.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5025,6 +5054,7 @@ enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/shift_jis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5185,6 +5215,7 @@ enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/big5.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5344,6 +5375,7 @@ enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/cesu_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5503,6 +5535,7 @@ enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/chinese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5662,6 +5695,7 @@ enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/ebcdic.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5821,6 +5855,7 @@ enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/emoji.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5980,6 +6015,7 @@ enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6139,6 +6175,7 @@ enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_docomo.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6298,6 +6335,7 @@ enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_kddi.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6457,6 +6495,7 @@ enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/emoji_sjis_softbank.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6616,6 +6655,7 @@ enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/escape.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6775,6 +6815,7 @@ enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/gb18030.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6934,6 +6975,7 @@ enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/gbk.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7016,6 +7058,7 @@ enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/nodiscard.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/noexcept.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/noinline.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/nonnull.h
+enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/nonstring.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/noreturn.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/packed_struct.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/attr/pure.h
@@ -7093,6 +7136,7 @@ enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/iso2022.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7252,6 +7296,7 @@ enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/japanese.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7411,6 +7456,7 @@ enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/japanese_euc.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7570,6 +7616,7 @@ enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/japanese_sjis.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7729,6 +7776,7 @@ enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/korean.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -7887,6 +7935,7 @@ enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8046,6 +8095,7 @@ enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/single_byte.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8205,6 +8255,7 @@ enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/transdb.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8365,6 +8416,7 @@ enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/utf8_mac.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8524,6 +8576,7 @@ enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/trans/utf_16_32.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8686,6 +8739,7 @@ enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/unicode.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -8857,6 +8911,7 @@ enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9020,6 +9075,7 @@ enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/utf_16be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9182,6 +9238,7 @@ enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/utf_16le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9344,6 +9401,7 @@ enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/utf_32be.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9506,6 +9564,7 @@ enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/utf_32le.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9677,6 +9736,7 @@ enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/utf_8.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -9840,6 +9900,7 @@ enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1250.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10001,6 +10062,7 @@ enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1251.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10163,6 +10225,7 @@ enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1252.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10324,6 +10387,7 @@ enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1253.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10486,6 +10550,7 @@ enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1254.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10648,6 +10713,7 @@ enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_1257.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
@@ -10812,6 +10878,7 @@ enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/re.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/set.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/signal.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc/windows_31j.$(OBJEXT): internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/enc/emacs_mule.c b/enc/emacs_mule.c
index f92eb183cf..abd986a187 100644
--- a/enc/emacs_mule.c
+++ b/enc/emacs_mule.c
@@ -334,7 +334,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(emacs_mule, Emacs_Mule) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/euc_jp.c b/enc/euc_jp.c
index d283bf4ebb..678d011668 100644
--- a/enc/euc_jp.c
+++ b/enc/euc_jp.c
@@ -576,7 +576,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(euc_jp, EUC_JP) = {
   get_ctype_code_range,
   left_adjust_char_head,
   is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/euc_kr.c b/enc/euc_kr.c
index 21d6ab4e1c..4079a0ece0 100644
--- a/enc/euc_kr.c
+++ b/enc/euc_kr.c
@@ -188,7 +188,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(euc_kr, EUC_KR) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   euckr_left_adjust_char_head,
   euckr_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
@@ -213,7 +217,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(euc_cn, EUC_CN) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   euckr_left_adjust_char_head,
   euckr_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/euc_tw.c b/enc/euc_tw.c
index 1c5659cb1d..722e29a9da 100644
--- a/enc/euc_tw.c
+++ b/enc/euc_tw.c
@@ -221,7 +221,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(euc_tw, EUC_TW) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   euctw_left_adjust_char_head,
   euctw_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/gb18030.c b/enc/gb18030.c
index 63d2e633ec..316737db11 100644
--- a/enc/gb18030.c
+++ b/enc/gb18030.c
@@ -597,7 +597,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(gb18030, GB18030) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   gb18030_left_adjust_char_head,
   gb18030_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/gbk.c b/enc/gbk.c
index 31032553bf..3df4e4b6d6 100644
--- a/enc/gbk.c
+++ b/enc/gbk.c
@@ -211,7 +211,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(gbk, GBK) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   gbk_left_adjust_char_head,
   gbk_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_1.c b/enc/iso_8859_1.c
index 7af0888c3e..78ea1fba60 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_1.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_1.c
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ is_code_ctype(OnigCodePoint code, unsigned int ctype, OnigEncoding enc ARG_UNUSE
     return FALSE;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -297,6 +298,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_1, ISO_8859_1) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -315,7 +317,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_1, ISO_8859_1) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_10.c b/enc/iso_8859_10.c
index cae4be2db0..bf1c884cb2 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_10.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_10.c
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -269,6 +270,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_10, ISO_8859_10) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -287,7 +289,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_10, ISO_8859_10) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_11.c b/enc/iso_8859_11.c
index b9c6119fd9..403ae6499e 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_11.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_11.c
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_11, ISO_8859_11) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_13.c b/enc/iso_8859_13.c
index fe1ddd7065..8c6e758b80 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_13.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_13.c
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -264,6 +265,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_13, ISO_8859_13) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -282,7 +284,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_13, ISO_8859_13) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_14.c b/enc/iso_8859_14.c
index 647514a016..21dffea76f 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_14.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_14.c
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -280,6 +281,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_14, ISO_8859_14) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -298,7 +300,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_14, ISO_8859_14) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_15.c b/enc/iso_8859_15.c
index 377a3afc7b..dd6c29a643 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_15.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_15.c
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_15, ISO_8859_15) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -289,7 +291,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_15, ISO_8859_15) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_16.c b/enc/iso_8859_16.c
index 135630eb73..aa7ce99fba 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_16.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_16.c
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -275,6 +276,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_16, ISO_8859_16) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -293,7 +295,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_16, ISO_8859_16) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_2.c b/enc/iso_8859_2.c
index 3a05c6320d..859073fd14 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_2.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_2.c
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ is_code_ctype(OnigCodePoint code, unsigned int ctype, OnigEncoding enc ARG_UNUSE
     return FALSE;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -266,6 +267,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_2, ISO_8859_2) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -284,7 +286,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_2, ISO_8859_2) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_3.c b/enc/iso_8859_3.c
index 2a343eac63..d8199d5125 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_3.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_3.c
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 #define DOTLESS_i        (0xB9)
 #define I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE (0xA9)
 static int
@@ -276,6 +277,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_3, ISO_8859_3) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -294,7 +296,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_3, ISO_8859_3) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_4.c b/enc/iso_8859_4.c
index e2134e8c0b..5f01f01575 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_4.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_4.c
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -272,6 +273,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_4, ISO_8859_4) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -290,7 +292,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_4, ISO_8859_4) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_5.c b/enc/iso_8859_5.c
index 6fafc35823..8223fc0ec7 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_5.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_5.c
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_5, ISO_8859_5) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -258,7 +260,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_5, ISO_8859_5) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_6.c b/enc/iso_8859_6.c
index cdb74054d1..78543ea307 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_6.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_6.c
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_6, ISO_8859_6) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_7.c b/enc/iso_8859_7.c
index ac973f74ba..e84f5c3460 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_7.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_7.c
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -259,6 +260,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_7, ISO_8859_7) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -277,7 +279,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_7, ISO_8859_7) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_8.c b/enc/iso_8859_8.c
index e256855f21..b757a283de 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_8.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_8.c
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_8, ISO_8859_8) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/iso_8859_9.c b/enc/iso_8859_9.c
index 004eec310f..f15953963b 100644
--- a/enc/iso_8859_9.c
+++ b/enc/iso_8859_9.c
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 #define DOTLESS_i        (0xFD)
 #define I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE (0xDD)
 static int
@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_9, ISO_8859_9) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -283,7 +285,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(iso_8859_9, ISO_8859_9) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/koi8_r.c b/enc/koi8_r.c
index a520975774..39f2482465 100644
--- a/enc/koi8_r.c
+++ b/enc/koi8_r.c
@@ -214,7 +214,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(koi8_r, KOI8_R) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/koi8_u.c b/enc/koi8_u.c
index 50bb78bd04..8cd890dd16 100644
--- a/enc/koi8_u.c
+++ b/enc/koi8_u.c
@@ -218,7 +218,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(koi8_u, KOI8_U) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/make_encmake.rb b/enc/make_encmake.rb
index 96d1944bcb..e5ed4eb4b5 100755
--- a/enc/make_encmake.rb
+++ b/enc/make_encmake.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #! ./miniruby
 
 dir = File.expand_path("../..", __FILE__)
-$:.unshift(dir)
-$:.unshift(".")
+# The source lib directory provides the standard library for miniruby.
+# Don't add it when running with baseruby to avoid loading both
+# baseruby's cgi/escape.so and source cgi/escape.rb via erb.
+$:.unshift("#{dir}/lib") unless defined?(CROSS_COMPILING)
+$:.unshift(Dir.pwd, "#{dir}/tool/lib")
 if $".grep(/mkmf/).empty?
   $" << "mkmf.rb"
   load File.expand_path("lib/mkmf.rb", dir)
@@ -147,6 +150,6 @@ if MODULE_TYPE == :static
     Dir.mkdir 'enc'
   rescue Errno::EEXIST
   end
-  require 'tool/lib/output'
+  require 'output'
   Output.new(path: "enc/encinit.c", ifchange: true).write(tmp)
 end
diff --git a/enc/shift_jis.c b/enc/shift_jis.c
index f1355d2d95..48f648868a 100644
--- a/enc/shift_jis.c
+++ b/enc/shift_jis.c
@@ -47,7 +47,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(shift_jis, Shift_JIS) = {
   get_ctype_code_range,
   left_adjust_char_head,
   is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/trans/iso2022.trans b/enc/trans/iso2022.trans
index a25a4a12a1..bc42bbc19c 100644
--- a/enc/trans/iso2022.trans
+++ b/enc/trans/iso2022.trans
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "transcode_data.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h"
 
 <%
   map = {
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ rb_cp50221_encoder = {
 
 /* JIS0201 to JIS0208 conversion table */
 enum {tbl0208_num = 0xDF - 0xA1 + 1};
-static const char tbl0208[tbl0208_num][2] = {
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_ARRAY() static const char tbl0208[tbl0208_num][2] = {
     "\x21\x23", "\x21\x56", "\x21\x57", "\x21\x22",
     "\x21\x26", "\x25\x72", "\x25\x21", "\x25\x23",
     "\x25\x25", "\x25\x27", "\x25\x29", "\x25\x63",
diff --git a/enc/unicode.c b/enc/unicode.c
index 18fba02476..5bc806863e 100644
--- a/enc/unicode.c
+++ b/enc/unicode.c
@@ -655,6 +655,7 @@ onigenc_unicode_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigEncoding enc,
   return n;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 /* length in bytes for three characters in UTF-32; e.g. needed for ffi (U+FB03) */
 #define CASE_MAPPING_SLACK 12
 #define MODIFIED (flags |= ONIGENC_CASE_MODIFIED)
@@ -682,15 +683,13 @@ onigenc_unicode_case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP,
     *pp += codepoint_length;
 
     if (code <= 'z') { /* ASCII comes first */
-      if (code >= 'a' && code <= 'z') {
+      if (code >= 'a' /*&& code <= 'z'*/) {
 	if (flags & ONIGENC_CASE_UPCASE) {
 	  MODIFIED;
 	  if (flags & ONIGENC_CASE_FOLD_TURKISH_AZERI && code == 'i')
 	    code = I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE;
-          else {
-            code -= 'a';
-            code += 'A';
-          }
+          else
+            code -= 'a' - 'A';
 	}
       }
       else if (code >= 'A' && code <= 'Z') {
@@ -800,8 +799,8 @@ SpecialsCopy:
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
-#if 0
 const char onigenc_unicode_version_string[] =
 #ifdef ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING
     ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING
@@ -817,4 +816,3 @@ const int onigenc_unicode_version_number[3] = {
     0
 #endif
 };
-#endif
diff --git a/enc/unicode/15.0.0/casefold.h b/enc/unicode/15.0.0/casefold.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 51120d867d..0000000000
--- a/enc/unicode/15.0.0/casefold.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7629 +0,0 @@
-/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. */
-/* Generated by enc-case-folding.rb */
-
-#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING && !( \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR == 15 && \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY == 0 && \
-      1)
-# error ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING mismatch
-#endif
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING "15.0.0"
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR 15
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR 0
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY 0
-
-static const CaseFold_11_Type CaseFold_11_Table[] = {
-#define CaseFold (*(CaseFold_11_Type (*)[1528])(CaseFold_11_Table+0))
-  {0x0041, {1|F|D, {0x0061}}},
-  {0x0042, {1|F|D, {0x0062}}},
-  {0x0043, {1|F|D, {0x0063}}},
-  {0x0044, {1|F|D, {0x0064}}},
-  {0x0045, {1|F|D, {0x0065}}},
-  {0x0046, {1|F|D, {0x0066}}},
-  {0x0047, {1|F|D, {0x0067}}},
-  {0x0048, {1|F|D, {0x0068}}},
-  {0x004a, {1|F|D, {0x006a}}},
-  {0x004b, {1|F|D, {0x006b}}},
-  {0x004c, {1|F|D, {0x006c}}},
-  {0x004d, {1|F|D, {0x006d}}},
-  {0x004e, {1|F|D, {0x006e}}},
-  {0x004f, {1|F|D, {0x006f}}},
-  {0x0050, {1|F|D, {0x0070}}},
-  {0x0051, {1|F|D, {0x0071}}},
-  {0x0052, {1|F|D, {0x0072}}},
-  {0x0053, {1|F|D, {0x0073}}},
-  {0x0054, {1|F|D, {0x0074}}},
-  {0x0055, {1|F|D, {0x0075}}},
-  {0x0056, {1|F|D, {0x0076}}},
-  {0x0057, {1|F|D, {0x0077}}},
-  {0x0058, {1|F|D, {0x0078}}},
-  {0x0059, {1|F|D, {0x0079}}},
-  {0x005a, {1|F|D, {0x007a}}},
-  {0x00b5, {1|F|SU|I(0), {0x03bc}}},
-  {0x00c0, {1|F|D, {0x00e0}}},
-  {0x00c1, {1|F|D, {0x00e1}}},
-  {0x00c2, {1|F|D, {0x00e2}}},
-  {0x00c3, {1|F|D, {0x00e3}}},
-  {0x00c4, {1|F|D, {0x00e4}}},
-  {0x00c5, {1|F|D, {0x00e5}}},
-  {0x00c6, {1|F|D, {0x00e6}}},
-  {0x00c7, {1|F|D, {0x00e7}}},
-  {0x00c8, {1|F|D, {0x00e8}}},
-  {0x00c9, {1|F|D, {0x00e9}}},
-  {0x00ca, {1|F|D, {0x00ea}}},
-  {0x00cb, {1|F|D, {0x00eb}}},
-  {0x00cc, {1|F|D, {0x00ec}}},
-  {0x00cd, {1|F|D, {0x00ed}}},
-  {0x00ce, {1|F|D, {0x00ee}}},
-  {0x00cf, {1|F|D, {0x00ef}}},
-  {0x00d0, {1|F|D, {0x00f0}}},
-  {0x00d1, {1|F|D, {0x00f1}}},
-  {0x00d2, {1|F|D, {0x00f2}}},
-  {0x00d3, {1|F|D, {0x00f3}}},
-  {0x00d4, {1|F|D, {0x00f4}}},
-  {0x00d5, {1|F|D, {0x00f5}}},
-  {0x00d6, {1|F|D, {0x00f6}}},
-  {0x00d8, {1|F|D, {0x00f8}}},
-  {0x00d9, {1|F|D, {0x00f9}}},
-  {0x00da, {1|F|D, {0x00fa}}},
-  {0x00db, {1|F|D, {0x00fb}}},
-  {0x00dc, {1|F|D, {0x00fc}}},
-  {0x00dd, {1|F|D, {0x00fd}}},
-  {0x00de, {1|F|D, {0x00fe}}},
-  {0x00df, {2|F|ST|SU|I(1), {0x0073, 0x0073}}},
-  {0x0100, {1|F|D, {0x0101}}},
-  {0x0102, {1|F|D, {0x0103}}},
-  {0x0104, {1|F|D, {0x0105}}},
-  {0x0106, {1|F|D, {0x0107}}},
-  {0x0108, {1|F|D, {0x0109}}},
-  {0x010a, {1|F|D, {0x010b}}},
-  {0x010c, {1|F|D, {0x010d}}},
-  {0x010e, {1|F|D, {0x010f}}},
-  {0x0110, {1|F|D, {0x0111}}},
-  {0x0112, {1|F|D, {0x0113}}},
-  {0x0114, {1|F|D, {0x0115}}},
-  {0x0116, {1|F|D, {0x0117}}},
-  {0x0118, {1|F|D, {0x0119}}},
-  {0x011a, {1|F|D, {0x011b}}},
-  {0x011c, {1|F|D, {0x011d}}},
-  {0x011e, {1|F|D, {0x011f}}},
-  {0x0120, {1|F|D, {0x0121}}},
-  {0x0122, {1|F|D, {0x0123}}},
-  {0x0124, {1|F|D, {0x0125}}},
-  {0x0126, {1|F|D, {0x0127}}},
-  {0x0128, {1|F|D, {0x0129}}},
-  {0x012a, {1|F|D, {0x012b}}},
-  {0x012c, {1|F|D, {0x012d}}},
-  {0x012e, {1|F|D, {0x012f}}},
-  {0x0132, {1|F|D, {0x0133}}},
-  {0x0134, {1|F|D, {0x0135}}},
-  {0x0136, {1|F|D, {0x0137}}},
-  {0x0139, {1|F|D, {0x013a}}},
-  {0x013b, {1|F|D, {0x013c}}},
-  {0x013d, {1|F|D, {0x013e}}},
-  {0x013f, {1|F|D, {0x0140}}},
-  {0x0141, {1|F|D, {0x0142}}},
-  {0x0143, {1|F|D, {0x0144}}},
-  {0x0145, {1|F|D, {0x0146}}},
-  {0x0147, {1|F|D, {0x0148}}},
-  {0x0149, {2|F|SU|I(5), {0x02bc, 0x006e}}},
-  {0x014a, {1|F|D, {0x014b}}},
-  {0x014c, {1|F|D, {0x014d}}},
-  {0x014e, {1|F|D, {0x014f}}},
-  {0x0150, {1|F|D, {0x0151}}},
-  {0x0152, {1|F|D, {0x0153}}},
-  {0x0154, {1|F|D, {0x0155}}},
-  {0x0156, {1|F|D, {0x0157}}},
-  {0x0158, {1|F|D, {0x0159}}},
-  {0x015a, {1|F|D, {0x015b}}},
-  {0x015c, {1|F|D, {0x015d}}},
-  {0x015e, {1|F|D, {0x015f}}},
-  {0x0160, {1|F|D, {0x0161}}},
-  {0x0162, {1|F|D, {0x0163}}},
-  {0x0164, {1|F|D, {0x0165}}},
-  {0x0166, {1|F|D, {0x0167}}},
-  {0x0168, {1|F|D, {0x0169}}},
-  {0x016a, {1|F|D, {0x016b}}},
-  {0x016c, {1|F|D, {0x016d}}},
-  {0x016e, {1|F|D, {0x016f}}},
-  {0x0170, {1|F|D, {0x0171}}},
-  {0x0172, {1|F|D, {0x0173}}},
-  {0x0174, {1|F|D, {0x0175}}},
-  {0x0176, {1|F|D, {0x0177}}},
-  {0x0178, {1|F|D, {0x00ff}}},
-  {0x0179, {1|F|D, {0x017a}}},
-  {0x017b, {1|F|D, {0x017c}}},
-  {0x017d, {1|F|D, {0x017e}}},
-  {0x017f, {1|F|SU|I(7), {0x0073}}},
-  {0x0181, {1|F|D, {0x0253}}},
-  {0x0182, {1|F|D, {0x0183}}},
-  {0x0184, {1|F|D, {0x0185}}},
-  {0x0186, {1|F|D, {0x0254}}},
-  {0x0187, {1|F|D, {0x0188}}},
-  {0x0189, {1|F|D, {0x0256}}},
-  {0x018a, {1|F|D, {0x0257}}},
-  {0x018b, {1|F|D, {0x018c}}},
-  {0x018e, {1|F|D, {0x01dd}}},
-  {0x018f, {1|F|D, {0x0259}}},
-  {0x0190, {1|F|D, {0x025b}}},
-  {0x0191, {1|F|D, {0x0192}}},
-  {0x0193, {1|F|D, {0x0260}}},
-  {0x0194, {1|F|D, {0x0263}}},
-  {0x0196, {1|F|D, {0x0269}}},
-  {0x0197, {1|F|D, {0x0268}}},
-  {0x0198, {1|F|D, {0x0199}}},
-  {0x019c, {1|F|D, {0x026f}}},
-  {0x019d, {1|F|D, {0x0272}}},
-  {0x019f, {1|F|D, {0x0275}}},
-  {0x01a0, {1|F|D, {0x01a1}}},
-  {0x01a2, {1|F|D, {0x01a3}}},
-  {0x01a4, {1|F|D, {0x01a5}}},
-  {0x01a6, {1|F|D, {0x0280}}},
-  {0x01a7, {1|F|D, {0x01a8}}},
-  {0x01a9, {1|F|D, {0x0283}}},
-  {0x01ac, {1|F|D, {0x01ad}}},
-  {0x01ae, {1|F|D, {0x0288}}},
-  {0x01af, {1|F|D, {0x01b0}}},
-  {0x01b1, {1|F|D, {0x028a}}},
-  {0x01b2, {1|F|D, {0x028b}}},
-  {0x01b3, {1|F|D, {0x01b4}}},
-  {0x01b5, {1|F|D, {0x01b6}}},
-  {0x01b7, {1|F|D, {0x0292}}},
-  {0x01b8, {1|F|D, {0x01b9}}},
-  {0x01bc, {1|F|D, {0x01bd}}},
-  {0x01c4, {1|F|D|ST|I(8), {0x01c6}}},
-  {0x01c5, {1|F|D|IT|SU|I(9), {0x01c6}}},
-  {0x01c7, {1|F|D|ST|I(12), {0x01c9}}},
-  {0x01c8, {1|F|D|IT|SU|I(13), {0x01c9}}},
-  {0x01ca, {1|F|D|ST|I(16), {0x01cc}}},
-  {0x01cb, {1|F|D|IT|SU|I(17), {0x01cc}}},
-  {0x01cd, {1|F|D, {0x01ce}}},
-  {0x01cf, {1|F|D, {0x01d0}}},
-  {0x01d1, {1|F|D, {0x01d2}}},
-  {0x01d3, {1|F|D, {0x01d4}}},
-  {0x01d5, {1|F|D, {0x01d6}}},
-  {0x01d7, {1|F|D, {0x01d8}}},
-  {0x01d9, {1|F|D, {0x01da}}},
-  {0x01db, {1|F|D, {0x01dc}}},
-  {0x01de, {1|F|D, {0x01df}}},
-  {0x01e0, {1|F|D, {0x01e1}}},
-  {0x01e2, {1|F|D, {0x01e3}}},
-  {0x01e4, {1|F|D, {0x01e5}}},
-  {0x01e6, {1|F|D, {0x01e7}}},
-  {0x01e8, {1|F|D, {0x01e9}}},
-  {0x01ea, {1|F|D, {0x01eb}}},
-  {0x01ec, {1|F|D, {0x01ed}}},
-  {0x01ee, {1|F|D, {0x01ef}}},
-  {0x01f0, {2|F|SU|I(20), {0x006a, 0x030c}}},
-  {0x01f1, {1|F|D|ST|I(22), {0x01f3}}},
-  {0x01f2, {1|F|D|IT|SU|I(23), {0x01f3}}},
-  {0x01f4, {1|F|D, {0x01f5}}},
-  {0x01f6, {1|F|D, {0x0195}}},
-  {0x01f7, {1|F|D, {0x01bf}}},
-  {0x01f8, {1|F|D, {0x01f9}}},
-  {0x01fa, {1|F|D, {0x01fb}}},
-  {0x01fc, {1|F|D, {0x01fd}}},
-  {0x01fe, {1|F|D, {0x01ff}}},
-  {0x0200, {1|F|D, {0x0201}}},
-  {0x0202, {1|F|D, {0x0203}}},
-  {0x0204, {1|F|D, {0x0205}}},
-  {0x0206, {1|F|D, {0x0207}}},
-  {0x0208, {1|F|D, {0x0209}}},
-  {0x020a, {1|F|D, {0x020b}}},
-  {0x020c, {1|F|D, {0x020d}}},
-  {0x020e, {1|F|D, {0x020f}}},
-  {0x0210, {1|F|D, {0x0211}}},
-  {0x0212, {1|F|D, {0x0213}}},
-  {0x0214, {1|F|D, {0x0215}}},
-  {0x0216, {1|F|D, {0x0217}}},
-  {0x0218, {1|F|D, {0x0219}}},
-  {0x021a, {1|F|D, {0x021b}}},
-  {0x021c, {1|F|D, {0x021d}}},
-  {0x021e, {1|F|D, {0x021f}}},
-  {0x0220, {1|F|D, {0x019e}}},
-  {0x0222, {1|F|D, {0x0223}}},
-  {0x0224, {1|F|D, {0x0225}}},
-  {0x0226, {1|F|D, {0x0227}}},
-  {0x0228, {1|F|D, {0x0229}}},
-  {0x022a, {1|F|D, {0x022b}}},
-  {0x022c, {1|F|D, {0x022d}}},
-  {0x022e, {1|F|D, {0x022f}}},
-  {0x0230, {1|F|D, {0x0231}}},
-  {0x0232, {1|F|D, {0x0233}}},
-  {0x023a, {1|F|D, {0x2c65}}},
-  {0x023b, {1|F|D, {0x023c}}},
-  {0x023d, {1|F|D, {0x019a}}},
-  {0x023e, {1|F|D, {0x2c66}}},
-  {0x0241, {1|F|D, {0x0242}}},
-  {0x0243, {1|F|D, {0x0180}}},
-  {0x0244, {1|F|D, {0x0289}}},
-  {0x0245, {1|F|D, {0x028c}}},
-  {0x0246, {1|F|D, {0x0247}}},
-  {0x0248, {1|F|D, {0x0249}}},
-  {0x024a, {1|F|D, {0x024b}}},
-  {0x024c, {1|F|D, {0x024d}}},
-  {0x024e, {1|F|D, {0x024f}}},
-  {0x0345, {1|F|SU|I(26), {0x03b9}}},
-  {0x0370, {1|F|D, {0x0371}}},
-  {0x0372, {1|F|D, {0x0373}}},
-  {0x0376, {1|F|D, {0x0377}}},
-  {0x037f, {1|F|D, {0x03f3}}},
-  {0x0386, {1|F|D, {0x03ac}}},
-  {0x0388, {1|F|D, {0x03ad}}},
-  {0x0389, {1|F|D, {0x03ae}}},
-  {0x038a, {1|F|D, {0x03af}}},
-  {0x038c, {1|F|D, {0x03cc}}},
-  {0x038e, {1|F|D, {0x03cd}}},
-  {0x038f, {1|F|D, {0x03ce}}},
-  {0x0390, {3|F|SU|I(27), {0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0301}}},
-  {0x0391, {1|F|D, {0x03b1}}},
-  {0x0392, {1|F|D, {0x03b2}}},
-  {0x0393, {1|F|D, {0x03b3}}},
-  {0x0394, {1|F|D, {0x03b4}}},
-  {0x0395, {1|F|D, {0x03b5}}},
-  {0x0396, {1|F|D, {0x03b6}}},
-  {0x0397, {1|F|D, {0x03b7}}},
-  {0x0398, {1|F|D, {0x03b8}}},
-  {0x0399, {1|F|D, {0x03b9}}},
-  {0x039a, {1|F|D, {0x03ba}}},
-  {0x039b, {1|F|D, {0x03bb}}},
-  {0x039c, {1|F|D, {0x03bc}}},
-  {0x039d, {1|F|D, {0x03bd}}},
-  {0x039e, {1|F|D, {0x03be}}},
-  {0x039f, {1|F|D, {0x03bf}}},
-  {0x03a0, {1|F|D, {0x03c0}}},
-  {0x03a1, {1|F|D, {0x03c1}}},
-  {0x03a3, {1|F|D, {0x03c3}}},
-  {0x03a4, {1|F|D, {0x03c4}}},
-  {0x03a5, {1|F|D, {0x03c5}}},
-  {0x03a6, {1|F|D, {0x03c6}}},
-  {0x03a7, {1|F|D, {0x03c7}}},
-  {0x03a8, {1|F|D, {0x03c8}}},
-  {0x03a9, {1|F|D, {0x03c9}}},
-  {0x03aa, {1|F|D, {0x03ca}}},
-  {0x03ab, {1|F|D, {0x03cb}}},
-  {0x03b0, {3|F|SU|I(30), {0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0301}}},
-  {0x03c2, {1|F|SU|I(33), {0x03c3}}},
-  {0x03cf, {1|F|D, {0x03d7}}},
-  {0x03d0, {1|F|SU|I(34), {0x03b2}}},
-  {0x03d1, {1|F|SU|I(35), {0x03b8}}},
-  {0x03d5, {1|F|SU|I(36), {0x03c6}}},
-  {0x03d6, {1|F|SU|I(37), {0x03c0}}},
-  {0x03d8, {1|F|D, {0x03d9}}},
-  {0x03da, {1|F|D, {0x03db}}},
-  {0x03dc, {1|F|D, {0x03dd}}},
-  {0x03de, {1|F|D, {0x03df}}},
-  {0x03e0, {1|F|D, {0x03e1}}},
-  {0x03e2, {1|F|D, {0x03e3}}},
-  {0x03e4, {1|F|D, {0x03e5}}},
-  {0x03e6, {1|F|D, {0x03e7}}},
-  {0x03e8, {1|F|D, {0x03e9}}},
-  {0x03ea, {1|F|D, {0x03eb}}},
-  {0x03ec, {1|F|D, {0x03ed}}},
-  {0x03ee, {1|F|D, {0x03ef}}},
-  {0x03f0, {1|F|SU|I(38), {0x03ba}}},
-  {0x03f1, {1|F|SU|I(39), {0x03c1}}},
-  {0x03f4, {1|F|D, {0x03b8}}},
-  {0x03f5, {1|F|SU|I(40), {0x03b5}}},
-  {0x03f7, {1|F|D, {0x03f8}}},
-  {0x03f9, {1|F|D, {0x03f2}}},
-  {0x03fa, {1|F|D, {0x03fb}}},
-  {0x03fd, {1|F|D, {0x037b}}},
-  {0x03fe, {1|F|D, {0x037c}}},
-  {0x03ff, {1|F|D, {0x037d}}},
-  {0x0400, {1|F|D, {0x0450}}},
-  {0x0401, {1|F|D, {0x0451}}},
-  {0x0402, {1|F|D, {0x0452}}},
-  {0x0403, {1|F|D, {0x0453}}},
-  {0x0404, {1|F|D, {0x0454}}},
-  {0x0405, {1|F|D, {0x0455}}},
-  {0x0406, {1|F|D, {0x0456}}},
-  {0x0407, {1|F|D, {0x0457}}},
-  {0x0408, {1|F|D, {0x0458}}},
-  {0x0409, {1|F|D, {0x0459}}},
-  {0x040a, {1|F|D, {0x045a}}},
-  {0x040b, {1|F|D, {0x045b}}},
-  {0x040c, {1|F|D, {0x045c}}},
-  {0x040d, {1|F|D, {0x045d}}},
-  {0x040e, {1|F|D, {0x045e}}},
-  {0x040f, {1|F|D, {0x045f}}},
-  {0x0410, {1|F|D, {0x0430}}},
-  {0x0411, {1|F|D, {0x0431}}},
-  {0x0412, {1|F|D, {0x0432}}},
-  {0x0413, {1|F|D, {0x0433}}},
-  {0x0414, {1|F|D, {0x0434}}},
-  {0x0415, {1|F|D, {0x0435}}},
-  {0x0416, {1|F|D, {0x0436}}},
-  {0x0417, {1|F|D, {0x0437}}},
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-  {0x10407, {1|F|D, {0x1042f}}},
-  {0x10408, {1|F|D, {0x10430}}},
-  {0x10409, {1|F|D, {0x10431}}},
-  {0x1040a, {1|F|D, {0x10432}}},
-  {0x1040b, {1|F|D, {0x10433}}},
-  {0x1040c, {1|F|D, {0x10434}}},
-  {0x1040d, {1|F|D, {0x10435}}},
-  {0x1040e, {1|F|D, {0x10436}}},
-  {0x1040f, {1|F|D, {0x10437}}},
-  {0x10410, {1|F|D, {0x10438}}},
-  {0x10411, {1|F|D, {0x10439}}},
-  {0x10412, {1|F|D, {0x1043a}}},
-  {0x10413, {1|F|D, {0x1043b}}},
-  {0x10414, {1|F|D, {0x1043c}}},
-  {0x10415, {1|F|D, {0x1043d}}},
-  {0x10416, {1|F|D, {0x1043e}}},
-  {0x10417, {1|F|D, {0x1043f}}},
-  {0x10418, {1|F|D, {0x10440}}},
-  {0x10419, {1|F|D, {0x10441}}},
-  {0x1041a, {1|F|D, {0x10442}}},
-  {0x1041b, {1|F|D, {0x10443}}},
-  {0x1041c, {1|F|D, {0x10444}}},
-  {0x1041d, {1|F|D, {0x10445}}},
-  {0x1041e, {1|F|D, {0x10446}}},
-  {0x1041f, {1|F|D, {0x10447}}},
-  {0x10420, {1|F|D, {0x10448}}},
-  {0x10421, {1|F|D, {0x10449}}},
-  {0x10422, {1|F|D, {0x1044a}}},
-  {0x10423, {1|F|D, {0x1044b}}},
-  {0x10424, {1|F|D, {0x1044c}}},
-  {0x10425, {1|F|D, {0x1044d}}},
-  {0x10426, {1|F|D, {0x1044e}}},
-  {0x10427, {1|F|D, {0x1044f}}},
-  {0x104b0, {1|F|D, {0x104d8}}},
-  {0x104b1, {1|F|D, {0x104d9}}},
-  {0x104b2, {1|F|D, {0x104da}}},
-  {0x104b3, {1|F|D, {0x104db}}},
-  {0x104b4, {1|F|D, {0x104dc}}},
-  {0x104b5, {1|F|D, {0x104dd}}},
-  {0x104b6, {1|F|D, {0x104de}}},
-  {0x104b7, {1|F|D, {0x104df}}},
-  {0x104b8, {1|F|D, {0x104e0}}},
-  {0x104b9, {1|F|D, {0x104e1}}},
-  {0x104ba, {1|F|D, {0x104e2}}},
-  {0x104bb, {1|F|D, {0x104e3}}},
-  {0x104bc, {1|F|D, {0x104e4}}},
-  {0x104bd, {1|F|D, {0x104e5}}},
-  {0x104be, {1|F|D, {0x104e6}}},
-  {0x104bf, {1|F|D, {0x104e7}}},
-  {0x104c0, {1|F|D, {0x104e8}}},
-  {0x104c1, {1|F|D, {0x104e9}}},
-  {0x104c2, {1|F|D, {0x104ea}}},
-  {0x104c3, {1|F|D, {0x104eb}}},
-  {0x104c4, {1|F|D, {0x104ec}}},
-  {0x104c5, {1|F|D, {0x104ed}}},
-  {0x104c6, {1|F|D, {0x104ee}}},
-  {0x104c7, {1|F|D, {0x104ef}}},
-  {0x104c8, {1|F|D, {0x104f0}}},
-  {0x104c9, {1|F|D, {0x104f1}}},
-  {0x104ca, {1|F|D, {0x104f2}}},
-  {0x104cb, {1|F|D, {0x104f3}}},
-  {0x104cc, {1|F|D, {0x104f4}}},
-  {0x104cd, {1|F|D, {0x104f5}}},
-  {0x104ce, {1|F|D, {0x104f6}}},
-  {0x104cf, {1|F|D, {0x104f7}}},
-  {0x104d0, {1|F|D, {0x104f8}}},
-  {0x104d1, {1|F|D, {0x104f9}}},
-  {0x104d2, {1|F|D, {0x104fa}}},
-  {0x104d3, {1|F|D, {0x104fb}}},
-  {0x10570, {1|F|D, {0x10597}}},
-  {0x10571, {1|F|D, {0x10598}}},
-  {0x10572, {1|F|D, {0x10599}}},
-  {0x10573, {1|F|D, {0x1059a}}},
-  {0x10574, {1|F|D, {0x1059b}}},
-  {0x10575, {1|F|D, {0x1059c}}},
-  {0x10576, {1|F|D, {0x1059d}}},
-  {0x10577, {1|F|D, {0x1059e}}},
-  {0x10578, {1|F|D, {0x1059f}}},
-  {0x10579, {1|F|D, {0x105a0}}},
-  {0x1057a, {1|F|D, {0x105a1}}},
-  {0x1057c, {1|F|D, {0x105a3}}},
-  {0x1057d, {1|F|D, {0x105a4}}},
-  {0x1057e, {1|F|D, {0x105a5}}},
-  {0x1057f, {1|F|D, {0x105a6}}},
-  {0x10580, {1|F|D, {0x105a7}}},
-  {0x10581, {1|F|D, {0x105a8}}},
-  {0x10582, {1|F|D, {0x105a9}}},
-  {0x10583, {1|F|D, {0x105aa}}},
-  {0x10584, {1|F|D, {0x105ab}}},
-  {0x10585, {1|F|D, {0x105ac}}},
-  {0x10586, {1|F|D, {0x105ad}}},
-  {0x10587, {1|F|D, {0x105ae}}},
-  {0x10588, {1|F|D, {0x105af}}},
-  {0x10589, {1|F|D, {0x105b0}}},
-  {0x1058a, {1|F|D, {0x105b1}}},
-  {0x1058c, {1|F|D, {0x105b3}}},
-  {0x1058d, {1|F|D, {0x105b4}}},
-  {0x1058e, {1|F|D, {0x105b5}}},
-  {0x1058f, {1|F|D, {0x105b6}}},
-  {0x10590, {1|F|D, {0x105b7}}},
-  {0x10591, {1|F|D, {0x105b8}}},
-  {0x10592, {1|F|D, {0x105b9}}},
-  {0x10594, {1|F|D, {0x105bb}}},
-  {0x10595, {1|F|D, {0x105bc}}},
-  {0x10c80, {1|F|D, {0x10cc0}}},
-  {0x10c81, {1|F|D, {0x10cc1}}},
-  {0x10c82, {1|F|D, {0x10cc2}}},
-  {0x10c83, {1|F|D, {0x10cc3}}},
-  {0x10c84, {1|F|D, {0x10cc4}}},
-  {0x10c85, {1|F|D, {0x10cc5}}},
-  {0x10c86, {1|F|D, {0x10cc6}}},
-  {0x10c87, {1|F|D, {0x10cc7}}},
-  {0x10c88, {1|F|D, {0x10cc8}}},
-  {0x10c89, {1|F|D, {0x10cc9}}},
-  {0x10c8a, {1|F|D, {0x10cca}}},
-  {0x10c8b, {1|F|D, {0x10ccb}}},
-  {0x10c8c, {1|F|D, {0x10ccc}}},
-  {0x10c8d, {1|F|D, {0x10ccd}}},
-  {0x10c8e, {1|F|D, {0x10cce}}},
-  {0x10c8f, {1|F|D, {0x10ccf}}},
-  {0x10c90, {1|F|D, {0x10cd0}}},
-  {0x10c91, {1|F|D, {0x10cd1}}},
-  {0x10c92, {1|F|D, {0x10cd2}}},
-  {0x10c93, {1|F|D, {0x10cd3}}},
-  {0x10c94, {1|F|D, {0x10cd4}}},
-  {0x10c95, {1|F|D, {0x10cd5}}},
-  {0x10c96, {1|F|D, {0x10cd6}}},
-  {0x10c97, {1|F|D, {0x10cd7}}},
-  {0x10c98, {1|F|D, {0x10cd8}}},
-  {0x10c99, {1|F|D, {0x10cd9}}},
-  {0x10c9a, {1|F|D, {0x10cda}}},
-  {0x10c9b, {1|F|D, {0x10cdb}}},
-  {0x10c9c, {1|F|D, {0x10cdc}}},
-  {0x10c9d, {1|F|D, {0x10cdd}}},
-  {0x10c9e, {1|F|D, {0x10cde}}},
-  {0x10c9f, {1|F|D, {0x10cdf}}},
-  {0x10ca0, {1|F|D, {0x10ce0}}},
-  {0x10ca1, {1|F|D, {0x10ce1}}},
-  {0x10ca2, {1|F|D, {0x10ce2}}},
-  {0x10ca3, {1|F|D, {0x10ce3}}},
-  {0x10ca4, {1|F|D, {0x10ce4}}},
-  {0x10ca5, {1|F|D, {0x10ce5}}},
-  {0x10ca6, {1|F|D, {0x10ce6}}},
-  {0x10ca7, {1|F|D, {0x10ce7}}},
-  {0x10ca8, {1|F|D, {0x10ce8}}},
-  {0x10ca9, {1|F|D, {0x10ce9}}},
-  {0x10caa, {1|F|D, {0x10cea}}},
-  {0x10cab, {1|F|D, {0x10ceb}}},
-  {0x10cac, {1|F|D, {0x10cec}}},
-  {0x10cad, {1|F|D, {0x10ced}}},
-  {0x10cae, {1|F|D, {0x10cee}}},
-  {0x10caf, {1|F|D, {0x10cef}}},
-  {0x10cb0, {1|F|D, {0x10cf0}}},
-  {0x10cb1, {1|F|D, {0x10cf1}}},
-  {0x10cb2, {1|F|D, {0x10cf2}}},
-  {0x118a0, {1|F|D, {0x118c0}}},
-  {0x118a1, {1|F|D, {0x118c1}}},
-  {0x118a2, {1|F|D, {0x118c2}}},
-  {0x118a3, {1|F|D, {0x118c3}}},
-  {0x118a4, {1|F|D, {0x118c4}}},
-  {0x118a5, {1|F|D, {0x118c5}}},
-  {0x118a6, {1|F|D, {0x118c6}}},
-  {0x118a7, {1|F|D, {0x118c7}}},
-  {0x118a8, {1|F|D, {0x118c8}}},
-  {0x118a9, {1|F|D, {0x118c9}}},
-  {0x118aa, {1|F|D, {0x118ca}}},
-  {0x118ab, {1|F|D, {0x118cb}}},
-  {0x118ac, {1|F|D, {0x118cc}}},
-  {0x118ad, {1|F|D, {0x118cd}}},
-  {0x118ae, {1|F|D, {0x118ce}}},
-  {0x118af, {1|F|D, {0x118cf}}},
-  {0x118b0, {1|F|D, {0x118d0}}},
-  {0x118b1, {1|F|D, {0x118d1}}},
-  {0x118b2, {1|F|D, {0x118d2}}},
-  {0x118b3, {1|F|D, {0x118d3}}},
-  {0x118b4, {1|F|D, {0x118d4}}},
-  {0x118b5, {1|F|D, {0x118d5}}},
-  {0x118b6, {1|F|D, {0x118d6}}},
-  {0x118b7, {1|F|D, {0x118d7}}},
-  {0x118b8, {1|F|D, {0x118d8}}},
-  {0x118b9, {1|F|D, {0x118d9}}},
-  {0x118ba, {1|F|D, {0x118da}}},
-  {0x118bb, {1|F|D, {0x118db}}},
-  {0x118bc, {1|F|D, {0x118dc}}},
-  {0x118bd, {1|F|D, {0x118dd}}},
-  {0x118be, {1|F|D, {0x118de}}},
-  {0x118bf, {1|F|D, {0x118df}}},
-  {0x16e40, {1|F|D, {0x16e60}}},
-  {0x16e41, {1|F|D, {0x16e61}}},
-  {0x16e42, {1|F|D, {0x16e62}}},
-  {0x16e43, {1|F|D, {0x16e63}}},
-  {0x16e44, {1|F|D, {0x16e64}}},
-  {0x16e45, {1|F|D, {0x16e65}}},
-  {0x16e46, {1|F|D, {0x16e66}}},
-  {0x16e47, {1|F|D, {0x16e67}}},
-  {0x16e48, {1|F|D, {0x16e68}}},
-  {0x16e49, {1|F|D, {0x16e69}}},
-  {0x16e4a, {1|F|D, {0x16e6a}}},
-  {0x16e4b, {1|F|D, {0x16e6b}}},
-  {0x16e4c, {1|F|D, {0x16e6c}}},
-  {0x16e4d, {1|F|D, {0x16e6d}}},
-  {0x16e4e, {1|F|D, {0x16e6e}}},
-  {0x16e4f, {1|F|D, {0x16e6f}}},
-  {0x16e50, {1|F|D, {0x16e70}}},
-  {0x16e51, {1|F|D, {0x16e71}}},
-  {0x16e52, {1|F|D, {0x16e72}}},
-  {0x16e53, {1|F|D, {0x16e73}}},
-  {0x16e54, {1|F|D, {0x16e74}}},
-  {0x16e55, {1|F|D, {0x16e75}}},
-  {0x16e56, {1|F|D, {0x16e76}}},
-  {0x16e57, {1|F|D, {0x16e77}}},
-  {0x16e58, {1|F|D, {0x16e78}}},
-  {0x16e59, {1|F|D, {0x16e79}}},
-  {0x16e5a, {1|F|D, {0x16e7a}}},
-  {0x16e5b, {1|F|D, {0x16e7b}}},
-  {0x16e5c, {1|F|D, {0x16e7c}}},
-  {0x16e5d, {1|F|D, {0x16e7d}}},
-  {0x16e5e, {1|F|D, {0x16e7e}}},
-  {0x16e5f, {1|F|D, {0x16e7f}}},
-  {0x1e900, {1|F|D, {0x1e922}}},
-  {0x1e901, {1|F|D, {0x1e923}}},
-  {0x1e902, {1|F|D, {0x1e924}}},
-  {0x1e903, {1|F|D, {0x1e925}}},
-  {0x1e904, {1|F|D, {0x1e926}}},
-  {0x1e905, {1|F|D, {0x1e927}}},
-  {0x1e906, {1|F|D, {0x1e928}}},
-  {0x1e907, {1|F|D, {0x1e929}}},
-  {0x1e908, {1|F|D, {0x1e92a}}},
-  {0x1e909, {1|F|D, {0x1e92b}}},
-  {0x1e90a, {1|F|D, {0x1e92c}}},
-  {0x1e90b, {1|F|D, {0x1e92d}}},
-  {0x1e90c, {1|F|D, {0x1e92e}}},
-  {0x1e90d, {1|F|D, {0x1e92f}}},
-  {0x1e90e, {1|F|D, {0x1e930}}},
-  {0x1e90f, {1|F|D, {0x1e931}}},
-  {0x1e910, {1|F|D, {0x1e932}}},
-  {0x1e911, {1|F|D, {0x1e933}}},
-  {0x1e912, {1|F|D, {0x1e934}}},
-  {0x1e913, {1|F|D, {0x1e935}}},
-  {0x1e914, {1|F|D, {0x1e936}}},
-  {0x1e915, {1|F|D, {0x1e937}}},
-  {0x1e916, {1|F|D, {0x1e938}}},
-  {0x1e917, {1|F|D, {0x1e939}}},
-  {0x1e918, {1|F|D, {0x1e93a}}},
-  {0x1e919, {1|F|D, {0x1e93b}}},
-  {0x1e91a, {1|F|D, {0x1e93c}}},
-  {0x1e91b, {1|F|D, {0x1e93d}}},
-  {0x1e91c, {1|F|D, {0x1e93e}}},
-  {0x1e91d, {1|F|D, {0x1e93f}}},
-  {0x1e91e, {1|F|D, {0x1e940}}},
-  {0x1e91f, {1|F|D, {0x1e941}}},
-  {0x1e920, {1|F|D, {0x1e942}}},
-  {0x1e921, {1|F|D, {0x1e943}}},
-#define CaseFold_Locale (*(CaseFold_11_Type (*)[2])(CaseFold_11_Table+1528))
-  {0x0049, {1|F|D, {0x0069}}},
-  {0x0130, {2|F|D, {0x0069, 0x0307}}},
-};
-
-/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
-/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_lookup -n  */
-
-/* maximum key range = 3080, duplicates = 0 */
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-__inline
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-inline
-#endif
-#endif
-/*ARGSUSED*/
-static unsigned int
-onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash(const OnigCodePoint code)
-{
-  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
-    {
-         1, 3085,    2,   20,    3,  307,  200,    8,   31,  159,
-         2,  253,   33,  967, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,
-      3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,   30, 3085, 3085,
-      3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,  352, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,
-      3085,   93, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,
-      3085,  407, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,  201,
-      3085, 3085,   14,   13,  373,    1, 3085, 3085,  503,   19,
-      3085, 3085, 3085, 3085, 3085,  325, 3085, 3085,  290, 1064,
-       484,   28, 1906,  447,  272,  414, 2002,   79,  905,    5,
-        11,   22, 2024,  623,  761,  617, 1893,   45, 1874,  113,
-      1856,  255, 1823,   96, 1463,   62, 1841,  130, 1798,  331,
-      1771,  238, 1977,  147, 1387,  464, 1691,  187, 1639,  181,
-       366,  580, 1331,  508, 1287,  547, 1583,  541,  400,  783,
-      1944,  657, 1850,  932, 1785,  858, 1645,  681, 1412,  722,
-      1622,  972, 1306,  807, 1942, 1282,  283, 1218, 1557, 1055,
-      1406, 1258, 1401, 1168, 1327,  864,  893, 1123, 1714, 1195,
-      1885, 1083, 2016, 1232,  823,  678, 1420, 1017,  155, 1261,
-        86, 1351,  794, 1929,   51, 1525,   50,  221,    4, 1383,
-       196,  325,    1, 1562,  102, 1441,    3, 1356,  226, 1304,
-       271, 1516,   68, 1752,   37, 1469,   51, 1920,  143, 2059,
-       198, 2095,  370, 2069,  137,  718,  407, 1926,  136
-    };
-  return asso_values[bits_of(code, 2)+81] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 1)+2] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 0)];
-}
-
-static const CodePointList3 *
-onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_lookup(const OnigCodePoint code)
-{
-  enum
-    {
-      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x41,
-      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1e921,
-      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 1530,
-      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
-      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
-      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 5,
-      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 3084
-    };
-
-  static const short wordlist[] =
-    {
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1fe9*/ 850,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1f88*/ 775,
-      /*0x0408*/ 305,
-      /*0x0108*/ 61,
-      /*0x10408*/ 1276,
-      -1,
-      /*0xab88*/ 1174,
-      /*0x1f89*/ 776,
-      /*0x0409*/ 306,
-      /*0x2c69*/ 964,
-      /*0x10409*/ 1277,
-      /*0x2c08*/ 919,
-      /*0xab89*/ 1175,
-      /*0x1e88*/ 653,
-      /*0x1e08*/ 589,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c09*/ 920,
-      /*0x1f8a*/ 777,
-      /*0x040a*/ 307,
-      /*0x010a*/ 62,
-      /*0x1040a*/ 1278,
-      /*0x2c88*/ 978,
-      /*0xab8a*/ 1176,
-      /*0x1f80*/ 767,
-      /*0x0400*/ 297,
-      /*0x0100*/ 57,
-      /*0x10400*/ 1268,
-      /*0x2c0a*/ 921,
-      /*0xab80*/ 1166,
-      /*0x1e8a*/ 654,
-      /*0x1e0a*/ 590,
-      /*0x10c88*/ 1387,
-      /*0x0508*/ 425,
-      /*0x2c00*/ 911,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e80*/ 649,
-      /*0x1e00*/ 585,
-      /*0x10c89*/ 1388,
-      /*0x2c8a*/ 979,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1f90*/ 783,
-      /*0x0410*/ 313,
-      /*0x0110*/ 65,
-      /*0x10410*/ 1284,
-      /*0x2c80*/ 974,
-      /*0xab90*/ 1182,
-      /*0x1ff3*/ 855,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10c8a*/ 1389,
-      /*0x050a*/ 426,
-      /*0x2c10*/ 927,
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-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e5e*/ 1492,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1,
-      /*0x16e43*/ 1465,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab70*/ 1150,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e4d*/ 1475,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x10595*/ 1378,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab74*/ 1154,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab7e*/ 1164,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x10591*/ 1375,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1058f*/ 1373,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x10581*/ 1360,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e4f*/ 1477,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab76*/ 1156,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x10585*/ 1364,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab7a*/ 1160,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e5c*/ 1490,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xab78*/ 1158,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e51*/ 1479
-    };
-
-  if (code <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && code >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
-    {
-      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash(code);
-
-      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
-        {
-          register short s = wordlist[key];
-
-          if (s >= 0 && code1_equal(code, CaseFold_11_Table[s].from))
-            return &CaseFold_11_Table[s].to;
-        }
-    }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static const CaseUnfold_11_Type CaseUnfold_11_Table[] = {
-#define CaseUnfold_11 (*(CaseUnfold_11_Type (*)[1395])(CaseUnfold_11_Table+0))
-  {0x0061, {1|U, {0x0041}}},
-  {0x0062, {1|U, {0x0042}}},
-  {0x0063, {1|U, {0x0043}}},
-  {0x0064, {1|U, {0x0044}}},
-  {0x0065, {1|U, {0x0045}}},
-  {0x0066, {1|U, {0x0046}}},
-  {0x0067, {1|U, {0x0047}}},
-  {0x0068, {1|U, {0x0048}}},
-  {0x006a, {1|U, {0x004a}}},
-  {0x006b, {2|U, {0x004b, 0x212a}}},
-  {0x006c, {1|U, {0x004c}}},
-  {0x006d, {1|U, {0x004d}}},
-  {0x006e, {1|U, {0x004e}}},
-  {0x006f, {1|U, {0x004f}}},
-  {0x0070, {1|U, {0x0050}}},
-  {0x0071, {1|U, {0x0051}}},
-  {0x0072, {1|U, {0x0052}}},
-  {0x0073, {2|U, {0x0053, 0x017f}}},
-  {0x0074, {1|U, {0x0054}}},
-  {0x0075, {1|U, {0x0055}}},
-  {0x0076, {1|U, {0x0056}}},
-  {0x0077, {1|U, {0x0057}}},
-  {0x0078, {1|U, {0x0058}}},
-  {0x0079, {1|U, {0x0059}}},
-  {0x007a, {1|U, {0x005a}}},
-  {0x00e0, {1|U, {0x00c0}}},
-  {0x00e1, {1|U, {0x00c1}}},
-  {0x00e2, {1|U, {0x00c2}}},
-  {0x00e3, {1|U, {0x00c3}}},
-  {0x00e4, {1|U, {0x00c4}}},
-  {0x00e5, {2|U, {0x00c5, 0x212b}}},
-  {0x00e6, {1|U, {0x00c6}}},
-  {0x00e7, {1|U, {0x00c7}}},
-  {0x00e8, {1|U, {0x00c8}}},
-  {0x00e9, {1|U, {0x00c9}}},
-  {0x00ea, {1|U, {0x00ca}}},
-  {0x00eb, {1|U, {0x00cb}}},
-  {0x00ec, {1|U, {0x00cc}}},
-  {0x00ed, {1|U, {0x00cd}}},
-  {0x00ee, {1|U, {0x00ce}}},
-  {0x00ef, {1|U, {0x00cf}}},
-  {0x00f0, {1|U, {0x00d0}}},
-  {0x00f1, {1|U, {0x00d1}}},
-  {0x00f2, {1|U, {0x00d2}}},
-  {0x00f3, {1|U, {0x00d3}}},
-  {0x00f4, {1|U, {0x00d4}}},
-  {0x00f5, {1|U, {0x00d5}}},
-  {0x00f6, {1|U, {0x00d6}}},
-  {0x00f8, {1|U, {0x00d8}}},
-  {0x00f9, {1|U, {0x00d9}}},
-  {0x00fa, {1|U, {0x00da}}},
-  {0x00fb, {1|U, {0x00db}}},
-  {0x00fc, {1|U, {0x00dc}}},
-  {0x00fd, {1|U, {0x00dd}}},
-  {0x00fe, {1|U, {0x00de}}},
-  {0x00ff, {1|U, {0x0178}}},
-  {0x0101, {1|U, {0x0100}}},
-  {0x0103, {1|U, {0x0102}}},
-  {0x0105, {1|U, {0x0104}}},
-  {0x0107, {1|U, {0x0106}}},
-  {0x0109, {1|U, {0x0108}}},
-  {0x010b, {1|U, {0x010a}}},
-  {0x010d, {1|U, {0x010c}}},
-  {0x010f, {1|U, {0x010e}}},
-  {0x0111, {1|U, {0x0110}}},
-  {0x0113, {1|U, {0x0112}}},
-  {0x0115, {1|U, {0x0114}}},
-  {0x0117, {1|U, {0x0116}}},
-  {0x0119, {1|U, {0x0118}}},
-  {0x011b, {1|U, {0x011a}}},
-  {0x011d, {1|U, {0x011c}}},
-  {0x011f, {1|U, {0x011e}}},
-  {0x0121, {1|U, {0x0120}}},
-  {0x0123, {1|U, {0x0122}}},
-  {0x0125, {1|U, {0x0124}}},
-  {0x0127, {1|U, {0x0126}}},
-  {0x0129, {1|U, {0x0128}}},
-  {0x012b, {1|U, {0x012a}}},
-  {0x012d, {1|U, {0x012c}}},
-  {0x012f, {1|U, {0x012e}}},
-  {0x0133, {1|U, {0x0132}}},
-  {0x0135, {1|U, {0x0134}}},
-  {0x0137, {1|U, {0x0136}}},
-  {0x013a, {1|U, {0x0139}}},
-  {0x013c, {1|U, {0x013b}}},
-  {0x013e, {1|U, {0x013d}}},
-  {0x0140, {1|U, {0x013f}}},
-  {0x0142, {1|U, {0x0141}}},
-  {0x0144, {1|U, {0x0143}}},
-  {0x0146, {1|U, {0x0145}}},
-  {0x0148, {1|U, {0x0147}}},
-  {0x014b, {1|U, {0x014a}}},
-  {0x014d, {1|U, {0x014c}}},
-  {0x014f, {1|U, {0x014e}}},
-  {0x0151, {1|U, {0x0150}}},
-  {0x0153, {1|U, {0x0152}}},
-  {0x0155, {1|U, {0x0154}}},
-  {0x0157, {1|U, {0x0156}}},
-  {0x0159, {1|U, {0x0158}}},
-  {0x015b, {1|U, {0x015a}}},
-  {0x015d, {1|U, {0x015c}}},
-  {0x015f, {1|U, {0x015e}}},
-  {0x0161, {1|U, {0x0160}}},
-  {0x0163, {1|U, {0x0162}}},
-  {0x0165, {1|U, {0x0164}}},
-  {0x0167, {1|U, {0x0166}}},
-  {0x0169, {1|U, {0x0168}}},
-  {0x016b, {1|U, {0x016a}}},
-  {0x016d, {1|U, {0x016c}}},
-  {0x016f, {1|U, {0x016e}}},
-  {0x0171, {1|U, {0x0170}}},
-  {0x0173, {1|U, {0x0172}}},
-  {0x0175, {1|U, {0x0174}}},
-  {0x0177, {1|U, {0x0176}}},
-  {0x017a, {1|U, {0x0179}}},
-  {0x017c, {1|U, {0x017b}}},
-  {0x017e, {1|U, {0x017d}}},
-  {0x0180, {1|U, {0x0243}}},
-  {0x0183, {1|U, {0x0182}}},
-  {0x0185, {1|U, {0x0184}}},
-  {0x0188, {1|U, {0x0187}}},
-  {0x018c, {1|U, {0x018b}}},
-  {0x0192, {1|U, {0x0191}}},
-  {0x0195, {1|U, {0x01f6}}},
-  {0x0199, {1|U, {0x0198}}},
-  {0x019a, {1|U, {0x023d}}},
-  {0x019e, {1|U, {0x0220}}},
-  {0x01a1, {1|U, {0x01a0}}},
-  {0x01a3, {1|U, {0x01a2}}},
-  {0x01a5, {1|U, {0x01a4}}},
-  {0x01a8, {1|U, {0x01a7}}},
-  {0x01ad, {1|U, {0x01ac}}},
-  {0x01b0, {1|U, {0x01af}}},
-  {0x01b4, {1|U, {0x01b3}}},
-  {0x01b6, {1|U, {0x01b5}}},
-  {0x01b9, {1|U, {0x01b8}}},
-  {0x01bd, {1|U, {0x01bc}}},
-  {0x01bf, {1|U, {0x01f7}}},
-  {0x01c6, {2|U|ST, {0x01c4, 0x01c5}}},
-  {0x01c9, {2|U|ST, {0x01c7, 0x01c8}}},
-  {0x01cc, {2|U|ST, {0x01ca, 0x01cb}}},
-  {0x01ce, {1|U, {0x01cd}}},
-  {0x01d0, {1|U, {0x01cf}}},
-  {0x01d2, {1|U, {0x01d1}}},
-  {0x01d4, {1|U, {0x01d3}}},
-  {0x01d6, {1|U, {0x01d5}}},
-  {0x01d8, {1|U, {0x01d7}}},
-  {0x01da, {1|U, {0x01d9}}},
-  {0x01dc, {1|U, {0x01db}}},
-  {0x01dd, {1|U, {0x018e}}},
-  {0x01df, {1|U, {0x01de}}},
-  {0x01e1, {1|U, {0x01e0}}},
-  {0x01e3, {1|U, {0x01e2}}},
-  {0x01e5, {1|U, {0x01e4}}},
-  {0x01e7, {1|U, {0x01e6}}},
-  {0x01e9, {1|U, {0x01e8}}},
-  {0x01eb, {1|U, {0x01ea}}},
-  {0x01ed, {1|U, {0x01ec}}},
-  {0x01ef, {1|U, {0x01ee}}},
-  {0x01f3, {2|U|ST, {0x01f1, 0x01f2}}},
-  {0x01f5, {1|U, {0x01f4}}},
-  {0x01f9, {1|U, {0x01f8}}},
-  {0x01fb, {1|U, {0x01fa}}},
-  {0x01fd, {1|U, {0x01fc}}},
-  {0x01ff, {1|U, {0x01fe}}},
-  {0x0201, {1|U, {0x0200}}},
-  {0x0203, {1|U, {0x0202}}},
-  {0x0205, {1|U, {0x0204}}},
-  {0x0207, {1|U, {0x0206}}},
-  {0x0209, {1|U, {0x0208}}},
-  {0x020b, {1|U, {0x020a}}},
-  {0x020d, {1|U, {0x020c}}},
-  {0x020f, {1|U, {0x020e}}},
-  {0x0211, {1|U, {0x0210}}},
-  {0x0213, {1|U, {0x0212}}},
-  {0x0215, {1|U, {0x0214}}},
-  {0x0217, {1|U, {0x0216}}},
-  {0x0219, {1|U, {0x0218}}},
-  {0x021b, {1|U, {0x021a}}},
-  {0x021d, {1|U, {0x021c}}},
-  {0x021f, {1|U, {0x021e}}},
-  {0x0223, {1|U, {0x0222}}},
-  {0x0225, {1|U, {0x0224}}},
-  {0x0227, {1|U, {0x0226}}},
-  {0x0229, {1|U, {0x0228}}},
-  {0x022b, {1|U, {0x022a}}},
-  {0x022d, {1|U, {0x022c}}},
-  {0x022f, {1|U, {0x022e}}},
-  {0x0231, {1|U, {0x0230}}},
-  {0x0233, {1|U, {0x0232}}},
-  {0x023c, {1|U, {0x023b}}},
-  {0x023f, {1|U, {0x2c7e}}},
-  {0x0240, {1|U, {0x2c7f}}},
-  {0x0242, {1|U, {0x0241}}},
-  {0x0247, {1|U, {0x0246}}},
-  {0x0249, {1|U, {0x0248}}},
-  {0x024b, {1|U, {0x024a}}},
-  {0x024d, {1|U, {0x024c}}},
-  {0x024f, {1|U, {0x024e}}},
-  {0x0250, {1|U, {0x2c6f}}},
-  {0x0251, {1|U, {0x2c6d}}},
-  {0x0252, {1|U, {0x2c70}}},
-  {0x0253, {1|U, {0x0181}}},
-  {0x0254, {1|U, {0x0186}}},
-  {0x0256, {1|U, {0x0189}}},
-  {0x0257, {1|U, {0x018a}}},
-  {0x0259, {1|U, {0x018f}}},
-  {0x025b, {1|U, {0x0190}}},
-  {0x025c, {1|U, {0xa7ab}}},
-  {0x0260, {1|U, {0x0193}}},
-  {0x0261, {1|U, {0xa7ac}}},
-  {0x0263, {1|U, {0x0194}}},
-  {0x0265, {1|U, {0xa78d}}},
-  {0x0266, {1|U, {0xa7aa}}},
-  {0x0268, {1|U, {0x0197}}},
-  {0x0269, {1|U, {0x0196}}},
-  {0x026a, {1|U, {0xa7ae}}},
-  {0x026b, {1|U, {0x2c62}}},
-  {0x026c, {1|U, {0xa7ad}}},
-  {0x026f, {1|U, {0x019c}}},
-  {0x0271, {1|U, {0x2c6e}}},
-  {0x0272, {1|U, {0x019d}}},
-  {0x0275, {1|U, {0x019f}}},
-  {0x027d, {1|U, {0x2c64}}},
-  {0x0280, {1|U, {0x01a6}}},
-  {0x0282, {1|U, {0xa7c5}}},
-  {0x0283, {1|U, {0x01a9}}},
-  {0x0287, {1|U, {0xa7b1}}},
-  {0x0288, {1|U, {0x01ae}}},
-  {0x0289, {1|U, {0x0244}}},
-  {0x028a, {1|U, {0x01b1}}},
-  {0x028b, {1|U, {0x01b2}}},
-  {0x028c, {1|U, {0x0245}}},
-  {0x0292, {1|U, {0x01b7}}},
-  {0x029d, {1|U, {0xa7b2}}},
-  {0x029e, {1|U, {0xa7b0}}},
-  {0x0371, {1|U, {0x0370}}},
-  {0x0373, {1|U, {0x0372}}},
-  {0x0377, {1|U, {0x0376}}},
-  {0x037b, {1|U, {0x03fd}}},
-  {0x037c, {1|U, {0x03fe}}},
-  {0x037d, {1|U, {0x03ff}}},
-  {0x03ac, {1|U, {0x0386}}},
-  {0x03ad, {1|U, {0x0388}}},
-  {0x03ae, {1|U, {0x0389}}},
-  {0x03af, {1|U, {0x038a}}},
-  {0x03b1, {1|U, {0x0391}}},
-  {0x03b2, {2|U, {0x0392, 0x03d0}}},
-  {0x03b3, {1|U, {0x0393}}},
-  {0x03b4, {1|U, {0x0394}}},
-  {0x03b5, {2|U, {0x0395, 0x03f5}}},
-  {0x03b6, {1|U, {0x0396}}},
-  {0x03b7, {1|U, {0x0397}}},
-  {0x03b8, {3|U, {0x0398, 0x03d1, 0x03f4}}},
-  {0x03b9, {3|U, {0x0399, 0x0345, 0x1fbe}}},
-  {0x03ba, {2|U, {0x039a, 0x03f0}}},
-  {0x03bb, {1|U, {0x039b}}},
-  {0x03bc, {2|U, {0x039c, 0x00b5}}},
-  {0x03bd, {1|U, {0x039d}}},
-  {0x03be, {1|U, {0x039e}}},
-  {0x03bf, {1|U, {0x039f}}},
-  {0x03c0, {2|U, {0x03a0, 0x03d6}}},
-  {0x03c1, {2|U, {0x03a1, 0x03f1}}},
-  {0x03c3, {2|U, {0x03a3, 0x03c2}}},
-  {0x03c4, {1|U, {0x03a4}}},
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-  {0x16e7b, {1|U, {0x16e5b}}},
-  {0x16e7c, {1|U, {0x16e5c}}},
-  {0x16e7d, {1|U, {0x16e5d}}},
-  {0x16e7e, {1|U, {0x16e5e}}},
-  {0x16e7f, {1|U, {0x16e5f}}},
-  {0x1e922, {1|U, {0x1e900}}},
-  {0x1e923, {1|U, {0x1e901}}},
-  {0x1e924, {1|U, {0x1e902}}},
-  {0x1e925, {1|U, {0x1e903}}},
-  {0x1e926, {1|U, {0x1e904}}},
-  {0x1e927, {1|U, {0x1e905}}},
-  {0x1e928, {1|U, {0x1e906}}},
-  {0x1e929, {1|U, {0x1e907}}},
-  {0x1e92a, {1|U, {0x1e908}}},
-  {0x1e92b, {1|U, {0x1e909}}},
-  {0x1e92c, {1|U, {0x1e90a}}},
-  {0x1e92d, {1|U, {0x1e90b}}},
-  {0x1e92e, {1|U, {0x1e90c}}},
-  {0x1e92f, {1|U, {0x1e90d}}},
-  {0x1e930, {1|U, {0x1e90e}}},
-  {0x1e931, {1|U, {0x1e90f}}},
-  {0x1e932, {1|U, {0x1e910}}},
-  {0x1e933, {1|U, {0x1e911}}},
-  {0x1e934, {1|U, {0x1e912}}},
-  {0x1e935, {1|U, {0x1e913}}},
-  {0x1e936, {1|U, {0x1e914}}},
-  {0x1e937, {1|U, {0x1e915}}},
-  {0x1e938, {1|U, {0x1e916}}},
-  {0x1e939, {1|U, {0x1e917}}},
-  {0x1e93a, {1|U, {0x1e918}}},
-  {0x1e93b, {1|U, {0x1e919}}},
-  {0x1e93c, {1|U, {0x1e91a}}},
-  {0x1e93d, {1|U, {0x1e91b}}},
-  {0x1e93e, {1|U, {0x1e91c}}},
-  {0x1e93f, {1|U, {0x1e91d}}},
-  {0x1e940, {1|U, {0x1e91e}}},
-  {0x1e941, {1|U, {0x1e91f}}},
-  {0x1e942, {1|U, {0x1e920}}},
-  {0x1e943, {1|U, {0x1e921}}},
-#define CaseUnfold_11_Locale (*(CaseUnfold_11_Type (*)[1])(CaseUnfold_11_Table+1395))
-  {0x0069, {1|U, {0x0049}}},
-};
-
-/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
-/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_lookup -n  */
-
-/* maximum key range = 2771, duplicates = 0 */
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-__inline
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-inline
-#endif
-#endif
-/*ARGSUSED*/
-static unsigned int
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash(const OnigCodePoint code)
-{
-  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
-    {
-         1, 2774,    2,    2,    4,  421,    9,  371,  231,  463,
-        37,   20,    2,    3,  419,  408, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774,
-      2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774,  112,
-      2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774,  120, 2774, 2774,
-      2774, 2774, 2774,    1, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774,
-      2774, 2774, 2774,  355, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774, 2774,
-      2774, 2774,   10,    9,    7,    8,  244,  689,  226,  993,
-       561,  710,  104, 1429,   36, 1190,   28,   15,  114, 1768,
-       241, 1003,   87,  285,   26, 1399,   78, 1360,    7, 1455,
-        90, 1076,  113,   10,  724, 1460,  167, 1727,  155, 1040,
-        67,  754,   66,  705,  246,  886,  331, 1140,  430, 1251,
-       864,  768,  643, 1064, 1591,  865,  834,  720, 1700,  671,
-      1581,  657, 1794,  842, 1782, 1050, 1537, 1024, 1760,  814,
-       975,  440, 1187,  407, 1440,  951, 1384,  909, 1320,  555,
-      1567,  541, 1723,  525,  383,  501, 1179,  250, 1596,  342,
-      1575,  352, 1501,  194, 1559,   70, 1512,   85, 1509,  129,
-       467,  100, 1413,    1, 1485,   25, 1351,   35, 1088,   55,
-      1262,   45, 1277,  160, 1245,  317,  118,  220, 1300,  596,
-      1100,  373, 1632,  617, 1337, 1236, 1500, 1152,  148,  793,
-      1538,  979,  385, 1228
-    };
-  return asso_values[bits_of(code, 2)+66] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 1)+4] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 0)];
-}
-
-static const CodePointList3 *
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_lookup(const OnigCodePoint code)
-{
-  enum
-    {
-      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x61,
-      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1e943,
-      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 1396,
-      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
-      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
-      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 3,
-      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 2773
-    };
-
-  static const short wordlist[] =
-    {
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x13e1*/ 589,
-      /*0x0461*/ 340,
-      /*0x04e1*/ 400,
-      /*0x0061*/ 0,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104e1*/ 1184,
-      /*0x1e61*/ 661,
-      /*0x1ee1*/ 720,
-      /*0x0161*/ 102,
-      /*0x2ce1*/ 953,
-      -1,
-      /*0x049b*/ 365,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x24e1*/ 840,
-      /*0x1e1b*/ 626,
-      /*0x048b*/ 357,
-      /*0x011b*/ 69,
-      /*0x2c9b*/ 918,
-      /*0x03e1*/ 280,
-      /*0x1e0b*/ 618,
-      /*0x1e8b*/ 682,
-      /*0x010b*/ 61,
-      /*0x2c8b*/ 910,
-      /*0x13e3*/ 591,
-      /*0x0463*/ 341,
-      /*0x04e3*/ 401,
-      /*0x0063*/ 2,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104e3*/ 1186,
-      /*0x1e63*/ 662,
-      /*0x1ee3*/ 721,
-      /*0x0163*/ 103,
-      /*0x2ce3*/ 954,
-      /*0x13e5*/ 593,
-      /*0x0465*/ 342,
-      /*0x04e5*/ 402,
-      /*0x0065*/ 4,
-      /*0x24e3*/ 842,
-      /*0x104e5*/ 1188,
-      /*0x1e65*/ 663,
-      /*0x1ee5*/ 722,
-      /*0x0165*/ 104,
-      /*0x03e3*/ 281,
-      /*0x13e9*/ 597,
-      /*0x0469*/ 344,
-      /*0x04e9*/ 404,
-      /*0x0069*/ 1395,
-      /*0x24e5*/ 844,
-      /*0x104e9*/ 1192,
-      /*0x1e69*/ 665,
-      /*0x1ee9*/ 724,
-      /*0x0169*/ 106,
-      /*0x03e5*/ 282,
-      /*0x13e7*/ 595,
-      /*0x0467*/ 343,
-      /*0x04e7*/ 403,
-      /*0x0067*/ 6,
-      /*0x24e9*/ 848,
-      /*0x104e7*/ 1190,
-      /*0x1e67*/ 664,
-      /*0x1ee7*/ 723,
-      /*0x0167*/ 105,
-      /*0x03e9*/ 284,
-      -1,
-      /*0x13a4*/ 528,
-      /*0x13a2*/ 526,
-      -1,
-      /*0x24e7*/ 846,
-      /*0x13d9*/ 581,
-      /*0x0459*/ 333,
-      /*0x04d9*/ 396,
-      -1,
-      /*0x03e7*/ 283,
-      /*0x104d9*/ 1176,
-      /*0x1e59*/ 657,
-      /*0x1ed9*/ 716,
-      /*0x0159*/ 98,
-      /*0x2cd9*/ 949,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x24d9*/ 832,
-      /*0x13db*/ 583,
-      /*0x045b*/ 335,
-      /*0x04db*/ 397,
-      /*0xa761*/ 1065,
-      /*0x03d9*/ 276,
-      /*0x104db*/ 1178,
-      /*0x1e5b*/ 658,
-      /*0x1edb*/ 717,
-      /*0x015b*/ 99,
-      /*0x2cdb*/ 950,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x24db*/ 834,
-      /*0x13df*/ 587,
-      /*0x045f*/ 339,
-      /*0x04df*/ 399,
-      -1,
-      /*0x03db*/ 277,
-      /*0x104df*/ 1182,
-      /*0x1e5f*/ 660,
-      /*0x1edf*/ 719,
-      /*0x015f*/ 101,
-      /*0x2cdf*/ 952,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa763*/ 1066,
-      /*0x2c61*/ 897,
-      /*0x24df*/ 838,
-      /*0x10ce1*/ 1279,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x13ee*/ 602,
-      /*0x03df*/ 279,
-      /*0x10e1*/ 495,
-      /*0x006e*/ 12,
-      /*0xa765*/ 1067,
-      /*0x104ee*/ 1197,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2cee*/ 956,
-      -1,
-      /*0x13dd*/ 585,
-      /*0x045d*/ 337,
-      /*0x04dd*/ 398,
-      /*0xa769*/ 1069,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104dd*/ 1180,
-      /*0x1e5d*/ 659,
-      /*0x1edd*/ 718,
-      /*0x015d*/ 100,
-      /*0x2cdd*/ 951,
-      /*0x10ce3*/ 1281,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa767*/ 1068,
-      /*0x24dd*/ 836,
-      /*0x10e3*/ 497,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c65*/ 898,
-      /*0x03dd*/ 278,
-      /*0x10ce5*/ 1283,
-      -1,
-      /*0x007a*/ 24,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104fa*/ 1209,
-      /*0x10e5*/ 499,
-      /*0x13a0*/ 524,
-      /*0x017a*/ 114,
-      /*0xa759*/ 1061,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10ce9*/ 1287,
-      /*0x13eb*/ 599,
-      /*0x046b*/ 345,
-      /*0x04eb*/ 405,
-      /*0x006b*/ 9,
-      /*0x10e9*/ 503,
-      /*0x104eb*/ 1194,
-      /*0x1e6b*/ 666,
-      /*0x1eeb*/ 725,
-      /*0x016b*/ 107,
-      /*0x10ce7*/ 1285,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa75b*/ 1062,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10e7*/ 501,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x03eb*/ 285,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c59*/ 890,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10cd9*/ 1271,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa75f*/ 1064,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10d9*/ 487,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x13d7*/ 579,
-      /*0x0457*/ 331,
-      /*0x04d7*/ 395,
-      /*0x2c5b*/ 892,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10cdb*/ 1273,
-      /*0x1e57*/ 656,
-      /*0x1ed7*/ 715,
-      /*0x0157*/ 97,
-      /*0x2cd7*/ 948,
-      /*0x10db*/ 489,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x24d7*/ 830,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c5f*/ 896,
-      /*0x03d7*/ 275,
-      /*0x10cdf*/ 1277,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa75d*/ 1063,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x10df*/ 493,
-      /*0x13ef*/ 603,
-      /*0x046f*/ 347,
-      /*0x04ef*/ 407,
-      /*0x006f*/ 13,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104ef*/ 1198,
-      /*0x1e6f*/ 668,
-      /*0x1eef*/ 727,
-      /*0x016f*/ 109,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x0261*/ 210,
-      /*0x10cee*/ 1292,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa77a*/ 1073,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10ee*/ 508,
-      -1,
-      /*0x03ef*/ 287,
-      /*0x021b*/ 178,
-      /*0x2c5d*/ 894,
-      /*0xa661*/ 1014,
-      /*0x10cdd*/ 1275,
-      /*0x1f61*/ 777,
-      /*0x020b*/ 170,
-      /*0x13a6*/ 530,
-      /*0xa76b*/ 1070,
-      /*0x10dd*/ 491,
-      /*0x1d8e*/ 612,
-      /*0x13d1*/ 573,
-      /*0x0451*/ 325,
-      /*0x04d1*/ 392,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x0263*/ 211,
-      /*0x1e51*/ 653,
-      /*0x1ed1*/ 712,
-      /*0x0151*/ 94,
-      /*0x2cd1*/ 945,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x24d1*/ 824,
-      /*0x0265*/ 212,
-      /*0xa663*/ 1015,
-      /*0x10fa*/ 520,
-      /*0x1f63*/ 779,
-      /*0x1f12*/ 746,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x10ceb*/ 1289,
-      /*0x0269*/ 215,
-      /*0xa665*/ 1016,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1f65*/ 781,
-      /*0x10eb*/ 505,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa757*/ 1060,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xa669*/ 1018,
-      /*0x0491*/ 360,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1e11*/ 621,
-      /*0x1e91*/ 685,
-      /*0x0111*/ 64,
-      /*0x2c91*/ 913,
-      /*0xa79b*/ 1086,
-      /*0xa667*/ 1017,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1f67*/ 783,
-      -1,
-      /*0x0259*/ 206,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c57*/ 888,
-      /*0xa76f*/ 1072,
-      /*0x10cd7*/ 1269,
-      /*0x1f24*/ 754,
-      /*0x1f22*/ 752,
-      /*0xa659*/ 1010,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10d7*/ 485,
-      -1,
-      /*0x025b*/ 207,
-      -1,
-      /*0x13ed*/ 601,
-      /*0x046d*/ 346,
-      /*0x04ed*/ 406,
-      /*0x006d*/ 11,
-      /*0x1f14*/ 748,
-      /*0x104ed*/ 1196,
-      /*0x1e6d*/ 667,
-      /*0x1eed*/ 726,
-      /*0x016d*/ 108,
-      /*0xa65b*/ 1011,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1f10*/ 744,
-      /*0x13a8*/ 532,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x10cef*/ 1293,
-      /*0x10428*/ 1135,
-      /*0x03ed*/ 286,
-      /*0xa751*/ 1057,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10ef*/ 509,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa65f*/ 1013,
-      /*0x13d3*/ 575,
-      /*0x0453*/ 327,
-      /*0x04d3*/ 393,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x1f06*/ 742,
-      /*0x1e53*/ 654,
-      /*0x1ed3*/ 713,
-      /*0x0153*/ 95,
-      /*0x2cd3*/ 946,
-      /*0x13d5*/ 577,
-      /*0x0455*/ 329,
-      /*0x04d5*/ 394,
-      /*0xa7d9*/ 1106,
-      /*0x24d3*/ 826,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e55*/ 655,
-      /*0x1ed5*/ 714,
-      /*0x0155*/ 96,
-      /*0x2cd5*/ 947,
-      /*0x2c51*/ 882,
-      /*0xa794*/ 1083,
-      /*0x10cd1*/ 1263,
-      -1,
-      /*0x24d5*/ 828,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x10d1*/ 479,
-      /*0xa65d*/ 1012,
-      /*0x01e1*/ 151,
-      -1,
-      /*0x13f3*/ 607,
-      /*0x0473*/ 349,
-      /*0x04f3*/ 409,
-      /*0x0073*/ 17,
-      -1,
-      /*0x104f3*/ 1202,
-      /*0x1e73*/ 670,
-      /*0x1ef3*/ 729,
-      /*0x0173*/ 111,
-      /*0x2cf3*/ 957,
-      /*0x13ce*/ 570,
-      /*0x044e*/ 322,
-      /*0x04ce*/ 390,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1044e*/ 1173,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x026b*/ 217,
-      /*0x1f7a*/ 794,
-      /*0x03f3*/ 289,
-      /*0x017e*/ 116,
-      -1,
-      /*0x01e3*/ 152,
-      /*0x0192*/ 122,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1f20*/ 750,
-      /*0xa78c*/ 1080,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa66b*/ 1019,
-      /*0x03ce*/ 274,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa76d*/ 1071,
-      /*0x01e5*/ 153,
-      /*0x0188*/ 120,
-      /*0x13c3*/ 559,
-      /*0x0443*/ 311,
-      /*0x0373*/ 237,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10443*/ 1162,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e43*/ 646,
-      /*0x1ec3*/ 705,
-      /*0x01e9*/ 155,
-      /*0x2cc3*/ 938,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x0561*/ 440,
-      /*0x1059b*/ 1215,
-      /*0x00e1*/ 26,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x0257*/ 205,
-      /*0x01e7*/ 154,
-      /*0x03c3*/ 263,
-      /*0x118d9*/ 1322,
-      /*0x051b*/ 429,
-      /*0xa753*/ 1058,
-      /*0x13aa*/ 534,
-      /*0x10ced*/ 1291,
-      /*0xab53*/ 1108,
-      /*0x050b*/ 421,
-      /*0x1042a*/ 1137,
-      /*0xa657*/ 1009,
-      /*0x10ed*/ 507,
-      /*0x1f57*/ 775,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa755*/ 1059,
-      /*0x13c1*/ 557,
-      /*0x0441*/ 309,
-      /*0x118db*/ 1324,
-      /*0x0563*/ 442,
-      /*0x10441*/ 1160,
-      /*0x00e3*/ 28,
-      /*0x1e41*/ 645,
-      /*0x1ec1*/ 704,
-      -1,
-      /*0x2cc1*/ 937,
-      /*0x026f*/ 219,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x0565*/ 444,
-      /*0x2c53*/ 884,
-      /*0x00e5*/ 30,
-      /*0x10cd3*/ 1265,
-      /*0x118df*/ 1328,
-      -1,
-      /*0x03c1*/ 262,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10d3*/ 481,
-      -1,
-      /*0x0569*/ 448,
-      /*0x2c55*/ 886,
-      /*0x00e9*/ 34,
-      /*0x10cd5*/ 1267,
-      /*0x13de*/ 586,
-      /*0x045e*/ 338,
-      /*0x1f02*/ 738,
-      /*0x01df*/ 150,
-      /*0x10d5*/ 483,
-      /*0x104de*/ 1181,
-      /*0x0567*/ 446,
-      -1,
-      /*0x00e7*/ 32,
-      /*0x105a4*/ 1223,
-      /*0x028b*/ 231,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa7d7*/ 1105,
-      /*0x0251*/ 200,
-      /*0x24de*/ 837,
-      -1,
-      /*0x019a*/ 125,
-      /*0x018c*/ 121,
-      /*0x2c73*/ 903,
-      /*0x118dd*/ 1326,
-      /*0x1f00*/ 736,
-      /*0x0292*/ 233,
-      /*0x1f26*/ 756,
-      /*0x028a*/ 230,
-      /*0xa651*/ 1006,
-      /*0x10f3*/ 513,
-      /*0x1f51*/ 772,
-      /*0xa743*/ 1050,
-      /*0x2c4e*/ 879,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10cce*/ 1260,
-      /*0x0288*/ 228,
-      /*0x01dd*/ 149,
-      /*0x10598*/ 1212,
-      /*0x13cf*/ 571,
-      /*0x044f*/ 323,
-      /*0x04cf*/ 391,
-      /*0x10fe*/ 522,
-      /*0x1044f*/ 1174,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e4f*/ 652,
-      /*0x1ecf*/ 711,
-      /*0x014f*/ 93,
-      /*0x2ccf*/ 944,
-      /*0x0586*/ 477,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e924*/ 1363,
-      /*0x1e922*/ 1361,
-      /*0x0211*/ 173,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2c43*/ 868,
-      -1,
-      /*0x10cc3*/ 1249,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1059a*/ 1214,
-      -1,
-      /*0x13cd*/ 569,
-      /*0x044d*/ 321,
-      /*0xa741*/ 1049,
-      /*0x1f11*/ 745,
-      /*0x1044d*/ 1172,
-      /*0x01eb*/ 156,
-      /*0x1e4d*/ 651,
-      /*0x1ecd*/ 710,
-      /*0x014d*/ 92,
-      /*0x2ccd*/ 943,
-      /*0xa7d1*/ 1104,
-      /*0x056e*/ 453,
-      /*0x019e*/ 126,
-      /*0x00ee*/ 39,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x13cb*/ 567,
-      /*0x044b*/ 319,
-      -1,
-      /*0x03cd*/ 273,
-      /*0x1044b*/ 1170,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1e4b*/ 650,
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-      -1, -1,
-      /*0x1e93e*/ 1389,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x16e74*/ 1349,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1e93a*/ 1385,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1e938*/ 1383,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1,
-      /*0x1fb0*/ 798,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff48*/ 1116,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff46*/ 1114,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xa695*/ 1031,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xa693*/ 1030,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff44*/ 1112,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xa687*/ 1024,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2d1f*/ 989,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1,
-      /*0xa697*/ 1032,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff56*/ 1130,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff5a*/ 1134,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x2d0d*/ 971,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff58*/ 1132,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1,
-      /*0xff4a*/ 1118,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1,
-      /*0xff54*/ 1128,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1,
-      /*0xff52*/ 1126,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xff4c*/ 1120,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0xa68d*/ 1027
-    };
-
-  if (code <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && code >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
-    {
-      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash(code);
-
-      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
-        {
-          register short s = wordlist[key];
-
-          if (s >= 0 && code1_equal(code, CaseUnfold_11_Table[s].from))
-            return &CaseUnfold_11_Table[s].to;
-        }
-    }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static const CaseUnfold_12_Type CaseUnfold_12_Table[] = {
-#define CaseUnfold_12 (*(CaseUnfold_12_Type (*)[58])(CaseUnfold_12_Table+0))
-  {{0x0061, 0x02be}, {1, {0x1e9a}}},
-  {{0x0066, 0x0066}, {1, {0xfb00}}},
-  {{0x0066, 0x0069}, {1, {0xfb01}}},
-  {{0x0066, 0x006c}, {1, {0xfb02}}},
-  {{0x0068, 0x0331}, {1, {0x1e96}}},
-  {{0x006a, 0x030c}, {1, {0x01f0}}},
-  {{0x0073, 0x0073}, {2, {0x00df, 0x1e9e}}},
-  {{0x0073, 0x0074}, {2, {0xfb05, 0xfb06}}},
-  {{0x0074, 0x0308}, {1, {0x1e97}}},
-  {{0x0077, 0x030a}, {1, {0x1e98}}},
-  {{0x0079, 0x030a}, {1, {0x1e99}}},
-  {{0x02bc, 0x006e}, {1, {0x0149}}},
-  {{0x03ac, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb4}}},
-  {{0x03ae, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc4}}},
-  {{0x03b1, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fb6}}},
-  {{0x03b1, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fb3, 0x1fbc}}},
-  {{0x03b7, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fc6}}},
-  {{0x03b7, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fc3, 0x1fcc}}},
-  {{0x03b9, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fd6}}},
-  {{0x03c1, 0x0313}, {1, {0x1fe4}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0313}, {1, {0x1f50}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fe6}}},
-  {{0x03c9, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1ff6}}},
-  {{0x03c9, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1ff3, 0x1ffc}}},
-  {{0x03ce, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff4}}},
-  {{0x0565, 0x0582}, {1, {0x0587}}},
-  {{0x0574, 0x0565}, {1, {0xfb14}}},
-  {{0x0574, 0x056b}, {1, {0xfb15}}},
-  {{0x0574, 0x056d}, {1, {0xfb17}}},
-  {{0x0574, 0x0576}, {1, {0xfb13}}},
-  {{0x057e, 0x0576}, {1, {0xfb16}}},
-  {{0x1f00, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f80, 0x1f88}}},
-  {{0x1f01, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f81, 0x1f89}}},
-  {{0x1f02, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f82, 0x1f8a}}},
-  {{0x1f03, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f83, 0x1f8b}}},
-  {{0x1f04, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f84, 0x1f8c}}},
-  {{0x1f05, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f85, 0x1f8d}}},
-  {{0x1f06, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f86, 0x1f8e}}},
-  {{0x1f07, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f87, 0x1f8f}}},
-  {{0x1f20, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f90, 0x1f98}}},
-  {{0x1f21, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f91, 0x1f99}}},
-  {{0x1f22, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f92, 0x1f9a}}},
-  {{0x1f23, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f93, 0x1f9b}}},
-  {{0x1f24, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f94, 0x1f9c}}},
-  {{0x1f25, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f95, 0x1f9d}}},
-  {{0x1f26, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f96, 0x1f9e}}},
-  {{0x1f27, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f97, 0x1f9f}}},
-  {{0x1f60, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa0, 0x1fa8}}},
-  {{0x1f61, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa1, 0x1fa9}}},
-  {{0x1f62, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa2, 0x1faa}}},
-  {{0x1f63, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa3, 0x1fab}}},
-  {{0x1f64, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa4, 0x1fac}}},
-  {{0x1f65, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa5, 0x1fad}}},
-  {{0x1f66, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa6, 0x1fae}}},
-  {{0x1f67, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa7, 0x1faf}}},
-  {{0x1f70, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb2}}},
-  {{0x1f74, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc2}}},
-  {{0x1f7c, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff2}}},
-#define CaseUnfold_12_Locale (*(CaseUnfold_12_Type (*)[1])(CaseUnfold_12_Table+58))
-  {{0x0069, 0x0307}, {1, {0x0130}}},
-};
-
-/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
-/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3,4,5,6 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_lookup -n  */
-
-/* maximum key range = 71, duplicates = 0 */
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-__inline
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-inline
-#endif
-#endif
-/*ARGSUSED*/
-static unsigned int
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
-{
-  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
-    {
-       3, 58, 54, 57, 56, 16,  8,  2, 43, 82,
-       3,  1, 23, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,  4,
-      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,
-      82, 82, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45,
-      82, 82, 82, 82, 43, 82, 42, 82, 82, 13,
-      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 11, 82,  1, 82, 82,
-      14, 82,  1, 82, 82, 31,  3, 82, 82, 30,
-      82, 82, 82, 10, 82, 82, 82, 82, 37, 82,
-      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,
-      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 37, 15, 36, 35,
-      34, 17,  1, 33, 12,  4, 23, 23, 26, 21,
-      13, 82, 27, 82, 82,  2,  5, 82, 11, 16,
-      82, 15, 82, 82, 23, 82,  8, 82
-    };
-  return asso_values[bits_at(codes, 5)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 4)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 3)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 2)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 1)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 0)];
-}
-
-static const CodePointList2 *
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_lookup(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
-{
-  enum
-    {
-      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x61,
-      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1f7c,
-      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 59,
-      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 6,
-      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 6,
-      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 11,
-      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 81
-    };
-
-  static const short wordlist[] =
-    {
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x1f66,0x03b9*/ 53,
-      /*0x1f07,0x03b9*/ 38,
-      /*0x1f00,0x03b9*/ 31,
-      /*0x0066,0x0066*/ 1,
-      /*0x1f74,0x03b9*/ 56,
-      /*0x0073,0x0073*/ 6,
-      /*0x0066,0x0069*/ 2,
-      /*0x1f06,0x03b9*/ 37,
-      /*0x0073,0x0074*/ 7,
-      /*0x03b9,0x0342*/ 18,
-      /*0x03c9,0x03b9*/ 23,
-      /*0x03b7,0x03b9*/ 17,
-      /*0x0069,0x0307*/ 58,
-      /*0x03b1,0x03b9*/ 15,
-      /*0x1f61,0x03b9*/ 48,
-      /*0x1f05,0x03b9*/ 36,
-      /*0x1f65,0x03b9*/ 52,
-      /*0x0574,0x0576*/ 29,
-      /*0x03c9,0x0342*/ 22,
-      /*0x03b7,0x0342*/ 16,
-      /*0x057e,0x0576*/ 30,
-      /*0x03b1,0x0342*/ 14,
-      /*0x1f7c,0x03b9*/ 57,
-      /*0x0574,0x0565*/ 26,
-      /*0x0079,0x030a*/ 10,
-      /*0x0077,0x030a*/ 9,
-      /*0x1f70,0x03b9*/ 55,
-      /*0x0574,0x056d*/ 28,
-      /*0x0066,0x006c*/ 3,
-      /*0x0574,0x056b*/ 27,
-      /*0x0061,0x02be*/ 0,
-      /*0x0068,0x0331*/ 4,
-      /*0x1f67,0x03b9*/ 54,
-      /*0x1f64,0x03b9*/ 51,
-      /*0x1f63,0x03b9*/ 50,
-      /*0x1f62,0x03b9*/ 49,
-      /*0x1f60,0x03b9*/ 47,
-      /*0x03ce,0x03b9*/ 24,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0342*/ 21,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0313*/ 20,
-      /*0x03c1,0x0313*/ 19,
-      /*0x02bc,0x006e*/ 11,
-      /*0x03ae,0x03b9*/ 13,
-      /*0x03ac,0x03b9*/ 12,
-      /*0x1f27,0x03b9*/ 46,
-      /*0x1f26,0x03b9*/ 45,
-      /*0x1f25,0x03b9*/ 44,
-      /*0x1f24,0x03b9*/ 43,
-      /*0x1f23,0x03b9*/ 42,
-      /*0x1f22,0x03b9*/ 41,
-      /*0x1f21,0x03b9*/ 40,
-      /*0x1f20,0x03b9*/ 39,
-      /*0x006a,0x030c*/ 5,
-      /*0x1f02,0x03b9*/ 33,
-      /*0x0074,0x0308*/ 8,
-      /*0x1f04,0x03b9*/ 35,
-      /*0x1f03,0x03b9*/ 34,
-      /*0x1f01,0x03b9*/ 32,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x0565,0x0582*/ 25
-    };
-
-  if (codes[0] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[0] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
-      codes[1] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[1] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
-    {
-      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash(codes);
-
-      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
-        {
-          register short s = wordlist[key];
-
-          if (s >= 0 && code2_equal(codes, CaseUnfold_12_Table[s].from))
-            return &CaseUnfold_12_Table[s].to;
-        }
-    }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static const CaseUnfold_13_Type CaseUnfold_13_Table[] = {
-#define CaseUnfold_13 (*(CaseUnfold_13_Type (*)[14])(CaseUnfold_13_Table+0))
-  {{0x0066, 0x0066, 0x0069}, {1, {0xfb03}}},
-  {{0x0066, 0x0066, 0x006c}, {1, {0xfb04}}},
-  {{0x03b1, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb7}}},
-  {{0x03b7, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc7}}},
-  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1fd2}}},
-  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0301}, {2, {0x0390, 0x1fd3}}},
-  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fd7}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1fe2}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0301}, {2, {0x03b0, 0x1fe3}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fe7}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1f52}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0301}, {1, {0x1f54}}},
-  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1f56}}},
-  {{0x03c9, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff7}}},
-};
-
-/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
-/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_lookup -n  */
-
-/* maximum key range = 20, duplicates = 0 */
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-__inline
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-inline
-#endif
-#endif
-/*ARGSUSED*/
-static unsigned int
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
-{
-  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
-    {
-       7,  4, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1,  1,  2, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 11,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 10, 47,  2, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1, 47, 47,  1,
-      47, 47, 47,  9, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47,  1, 47, 47,  2, 47, 47,  1, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47
-    };
-  return asso_values[bits_at(codes, 8)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 7)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 6)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 5)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 4)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 3)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 2)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 1)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 0)];
-}
-
-static const CodePointList2 *
-onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_lookup(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
-{
-  enum
-    {
-      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x66,
-      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x3c9,
-      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 14,
-      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 9,
-      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 9,
-      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 27,
-      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 46
-    };
-
-  static const short wordlist[] =
-    {
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0342*/ 12,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0342*/ 9,
-      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0342*/ 6,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0301*/ 11,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0301*/ 8,
-      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0301*/ 5,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0300*/ 10,
-      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0300*/ 7,
-      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0300*/ 4,
-      /*0x03c9,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 13,
-      /*0x03b7,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 3,
-      /*0x03b1,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 2,
-      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-      /*0x0066,0x0066,0x006c*/ 1,
-      /*0x0066,0x0066,0x0069*/ 0
-    };
-
-  if (codes[0] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[0] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
-      codes[1] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[1] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
-      codes[2] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[2] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
-    {
-      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash(codes);
-
-      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
-        {
-          register short s = wordlist[key];
-
-          if (s >= 0 && code3_equal(codes, CaseUnfold_13_Table[s].from))
-            return &CaseUnfold_13_Table[s].to;
-        }
-    }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static const OnigCodePoint CaseMappingSpecials[] = {
-    L(1)|0x039C,
-    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0073, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0053,
-    L(2)|0x02BC, 0x004E,
-    L(1)|0x0053,
-    L(1)|0x01C5,
-    L(2)|0x0064, 0x017D, L(1)|0x01C4,
-    L(1)|0x01C8,
-    L(2)|0x006C, 0x004A, L(1)|0x01C7,
-    L(1)|0x01CB,
-    L(2)|0x006E, 0x004A, L(1)|0x01CA,
-    L(2)|0x004A, 0x030C,
-    L(1)|0x01F2,
-    L(2)|0x0064, 0x005A, L(1)|0x01F1,
-    L(1)|0x0399,
-    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0301,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0301,
-    L(1)|0x03A3,
-    L(1)|0x0392,
-    L(1)|0x0398,
-    L(1)|0x03A6,
-    L(1)|0x03A0,
-    L(1)|0x039A,
-    L(1)|0x03A1,
-    L(1)|0x0395,
-    L(2)|0x0535, 0x0582, L(2)|0x0535, 0x0552,
-    L(1)|0x0412,
-    L(1)|0x0414,
-    L(1)|0x041E,
-    L(1)|0x0421,
-    L(1)|0x0422,
-    L(1)|0x0422,
-    L(1)|0x042A,
-    L(1)|0x0462,
-    L(1)|0xA64A,
-    L(2)|0x0048, 0x0331,
-    L(2)|0x0054, 0x0308,
-    L(2)|0x0057, 0x030A,
-    L(2)|0x0059, 0x030A,
-    L(2)|0x0041, 0x02BE,
-    L(1)|0x1E60,
-    L(1)|0x00DF,
-    L(2)|0x03A5, 0x0313,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0300,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0301,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0342,
-    L(1)|0x1F88, L(2)|0x1F08, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F89, L(2)|0x1F09, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8A, L(2)|0x1F0A, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8B, L(2)|0x1F0B, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8C, L(2)|0x1F0C, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8D, L(2)|0x1F0D, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8E, L(2)|0x1F0E, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F8F, L(2)|0x1F0F, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F00, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F80, L(2)|0x1F08, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F01, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F81, L(2)|0x1F09, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F02, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F82, L(2)|0x1F0A, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F03, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F83, L(2)|0x1F0B, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F04, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F84, L(2)|0x1F0C, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F05, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F85, L(2)|0x1F0D, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F06, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F86, L(2)|0x1F0E, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F07, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F87, L(2)|0x1F0F, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F98, L(2)|0x1F28, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F99, L(2)|0x1F29, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9A, L(2)|0x1F2A, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9B, L(2)|0x1F2B, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9C, L(2)|0x1F2C, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9D, L(2)|0x1F2D, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9E, L(2)|0x1F2E, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1F9F, L(2)|0x1F2F, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F20, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F90, L(2)|0x1F28, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F21, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F91, L(2)|0x1F29, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F22, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F92, L(2)|0x1F2A, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F23, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F93, L(2)|0x1F2B, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F24, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F94, L(2)|0x1F2C, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F25, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F95, L(2)|0x1F2D, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F26, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F96, L(2)|0x1F2E, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F27, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F97, L(2)|0x1F2F, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FA8, L(2)|0x1F68, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FA9, L(2)|0x1F69, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAA, L(2)|0x1F6A, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAB, L(2)|0x1F6B, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAC, L(2)|0x1F6C, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAD, L(2)|0x1F6D, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAE, L(2)|0x1F6E, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FAF, L(2)|0x1F6F, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F60, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA0, L(2)|0x1F68, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F61, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA1, L(2)|0x1F69, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F62, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA2, L(2)|0x1F6A, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F63, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA3, L(2)|0x1F6B, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F64, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA4, L(2)|0x1F6C, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F65, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA5, L(2)|0x1F6D, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F66, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA6, L(2)|0x1F6E, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1F67, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA7, L(2)|0x1F6F, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1FBA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FBA, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FBC, L(2)|0x0391, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x0386, 0x0345, L(2)|0x0386, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x0391, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x0391, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x0391, 0x0342, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x03B1, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FB3, L(2)|0x0391, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x1FCA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FCA, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FCC, L(2)|0x0397, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x0389, 0x0345, L(2)|0x0389, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x0397, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x0397, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x0397, 0x0342, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x03B7, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FC3, L(2)|0x0397, 0x0399,
-    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0300,
-    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0301,
-    L(2)|0x0399, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0300,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0301,
-    L(2)|0x03A1, 0x0313,
-    L(2)|0x03A5, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0342,
-    L(2)|0x1FFA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FFA, 0x0399,
-    L(1)|0x1FFC, L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x038F, 0x0345, L(2)|0x038F, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0342,
-    L(3)|0x03A9, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x03A9, 0x0342, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x03C9, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FF3, L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0399,
-    L(2)|0x0046, 0x0066, L(2)|0x0046, 0x0046,
-    L(2)|0x0046, 0x0069, L(2)|0x0046, 0x0049,
-    L(2)|0x0046, 0x006C, L(2)|0x0046, 0x004C,
-    L(3)|0x0046, 0x0066, 0x0069, L(3)|0x0046, 0x0046, 0x0049,
-    L(3)|0x0046, 0x0066, 0x006C, L(3)|0x0046, 0x0046, 0x004C,
-    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0074, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0054,
-    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0074, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0054,
-    L(2)|0x0544, 0x0576, L(2)|0x0544, 0x0546,
-    L(2)|0x0544, 0x0565, L(2)|0x0544, 0x0535,
-    L(2)|0x0544, 0x056B, L(2)|0x0544, 0x053B,
-    L(2)|0x054E, 0x0576, L(2)|0x054E, 0x0546,
-    L(2)|0x0544, 0x056D, L(2)|0x0544, 0x053D,
-};
diff --git a/enc/unicode/15.0.0/name2ctype.h b/enc/unicode/15.0.0/name2ctype.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bbbb3512f..0000000000
--- a/enc/unicode/15.0.0/name2ctype.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45690 +0,0 @@
-/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
-/* Command-line: gperf -7 -c -j1 -i1 -t -C -P -T -H uniname2ctype_hash -Q uniname2ctype_pool -N uniname2ctype_p  */
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-/* Computed positions: -k'1,3' */
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-/* Computed positions: -k'1-3,5-6,12,16,$' */
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-
-#if !((' ' == 32) && ('!' == 33) && ('"' == 34) && ('#' == 35) \
-      && ('%' == 37) && ('&' == 38) && ('\'' == 39) && ('(' == 40) \
-      && (')' == 41) && ('*' == 42) && ('+' == 43) && (',' == 44) \
-      && ('-' == 45) && ('.' == 46) && ('/' == 47) && ('0' == 48) \
-      && ('1' == 49) && ('2' == 50) && ('3' == 51) && ('4' == 52) \
-      && ('5' == 53) && ('6' == 54) && ('7' == 55) && ('8' == 56) \
-      && ('9' == 57) && (':' == 58) && (';' == 59) && ('<' == 60) \
-      && ('=' == 61) && ('>' == 62) && ('?' == 63) && ('A' == 65) \
-      && ('B' == 66) && ('C' == 67) && ('D' == 68) && ('E' == 69) \
-      && ('F' == 70) && ('G' == 71) && ('H' == 72) && ('I' == 73) \
-      && ('J' == 74) && ('K' == 75) && ('L' == 76) && ('M' == 77) \
-      && ('N' == 78) && ('O' == 79) && ('P' == 80) && ('Q' == 81) \
-      && ('R' == 82) && ('S' == 83) && ('T' == 84) && ('U' == 85) \
-      && ('V' == 86) && ('W' == 87) && ('X' == 88) && ('Y' == 89) \
-      && ('Z' == 90) && ('[' == 91) && ('\\' == 92) && (']' == 93) \
-      && ('^' == 94) && ('_' == 95) && ('a' == 97) && ('b' == 98) \
-      && ('c' == 99) && ('d' == 100) && ('e' == 101) && ('f' == 102) \
-      && ('g' == 103) && ('h' == 104) && ('i' == 105) && ('j' == 106) \
-      && ('k' == 107) && ('l' == 108) && ('m' == 109) && ('n' == 110) \
-      && ('o' == 111) && ('p' == 112) && ('q' == 113) && ('r' == 114) \
-      && ('s' == 115) && ('t' == 116) && ('u' == 117) && ('v' == 118) \
-      && ('w' == 119) && ('x' == 120) && ('y' == 121) && ('z' == 122) \
-      && ('{' == 123) && ('|' == 124) && ('}' == 125) && ('~' == 126))
-/* The character set is not based on ISO-646.  */
-#error "gperf generated tables don't work with this execution character set. Please report a bug to <bug-gperf@gnu.org>."
-#endif
-
-
-
-/* 'NEWLINE': [[:NEWLINE:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_NEWLINE[] = {
-	1,
-	0x000a, 0x000a,
-}; /* CR_NEWLINE */
-
-/* 'Alpha': [[:Alpha:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Alpha[] = {
-	732,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0370, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x0620, 0x0657,
-	0x0659, 0x065f,
-	0x066e, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
-	0x06e1, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ed, 0x06ef,
-	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x073f,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x0817,
-	0x081a, 0x082c,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x08d4, 0x08df,
-	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
-	0x08f0, 0x093b,
-	0x093d, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x0950,
-	0x0955, 0x0963,
-	0x0971, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0af9, 0x0afc,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x1000, 0x1036,
-	0x1038, 0x1038,
-	0x103b, 0x103f,
-	0x1050, 0x108f,
-	0x109a, 0x109d,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1713,
-	0x171f, 0x1733,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1938,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
-	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bac, 0x1baf,
-	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
-	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c36,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1de7, 0x1df4,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa61f,
-	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa674, 0xa67b,
-	0xa67f, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa827,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa90a, 0xa92a,
-	0xa930, 0xa952,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9ef,
-	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaabe,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf5,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabea,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11045,
-	0x11071, 0x11075,
-	0x11080, 0x110b8,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x11100, 0x11132,
-	0x11144, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111bf,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
-	0x111da, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11234,
-	0x11237, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112e8,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11400, 0x11441,
-	0x11443, 0x11445,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c1,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115be,
-	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x1163e,
-	0x11640, 0x11640,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11680, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x11838,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193f, 0x11942,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119df,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a35, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a97,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
-	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Alpha */
-
-/* 'Blank': [[:Blank:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Blank[] = {
-	8,
-	0x0009, 0x0009,
-	0x0020, 0x0020,
-	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
-	0x1680, 0x1680,
-	0x2000, 0x200a,
-	0x202f, 0x202f,
-	0x205f, 0x205f,
-	0x3000, 0x3000,
-}; /* CR_Blank */
-
-/* 'Cntrl': [[:Cntrl:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cntrl[] = {
-	2,
-	0x0000, 0x001f,
-	0x007f, 0x009f,
-}; /* CR_Cntrl */
-
-/* 'Digit': [[:Digit:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Digit[] = {
-	64,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0660, 0x0669,
-	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
-	0x07c0, 0x07c9,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x09e6, 0x09ef,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
-	0x1040, 0x1049,
-	0x1090, 0x1099,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1946, 0x194f,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1bb0, 0x1bb9,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c50, 0x1c59,
-	0xa620, 0xa629,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa900, 0xa909,
-	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9f0, 0xa9f9,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x11066, 0x1106f,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11730, 0x11739,
-	0x118e0, 0x118e9,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-}; /* CR_Digit */
-
-/* 'Graph': [[:Graph:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Graph[] = {
-	712,
-	0x0021, 0x007e,
-	0x00a1, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x200b, 0x2027,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2030, 0x205e,
-	0x2060, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3001, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xe000, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
-	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
-}; /* CR_Graph */
-
-/* 'Lower': [[:Lower:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lower[] = {
-	671,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00df, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
-	0x0101, 0x0101,
-	0x0103, 0x0103,
-	0x0105, 0x0105,
-	0x0107, 0x0107,
-	0x0109, 0x0109,
-	0x010b, 0x010b,
-	0x010d, 0x010d,
-	0x010f, 0x010f,
-	0x0111, 0x0111,
-	0x0113, 0x0113,
-	0x0115, 0x0115,
-	0x0117, 0x0117,
-	0x0119, 0x0119,
-	0x011b, 0x011b,
-	0x011d, 0x011d,
-	0x011f, 0x011f,
-	0x0121, 0x0121,
-	0x0123, 0x0123,
-	0x0125, 0x0125,
-	0x0127, 0x0127,
-	0x0129, 0x0129,
-	0x012b, 0x012b,
-	0x012d, 0x012d,
-	0x012f, 0x012f,
-	0x0131, 0x0131,
-	0x0133, 0x0133,
-	0x0135, 0x0135,
-	0x0137, 0x0138,
-	0x013a, 0x013a,
-	0x013c, 0x013c,
-	0x013e, 0x013e,
-	0x0140, 0x0140,
-	0x0142, 0x0142,
-	0x0144, 0x0144,
-	0x0146, 0x0146,
-	0x0148, 0x0149,
-	0x014b, 0x014b,
-	0x014d, 0x014d,
-	0x014f, 0x014f,
-	0x0151, 0x0151,
-	0x0153, 0x0153,
-	0x0155, 0x0155,
-	0x0157, 0x0157,
-	0x0159, 0x0159,
-	0x015b, 0x015b,
-	0x015d, 0x015d,
-	0x015f, 0x015f,
-	0x0161, 0x0161,
-	0x0163, 0x0163,
-	0x0165, 0x0165,
-	0x0167, 0x0167,
-	0x0169, 0x0169,
-	0x016b, 0x016b,
-	0x016d, 0x016d,
-	0x016f, 0x016f,
-	0x0171, 0x0171,
-	0x0173, 0x0173,
-	0x0175, 0x0175,
-	0x0177, 0x0177,
-	0x017a, 0x017a,
-	0x017c, 0x017c,
-	0x017e, 0x0180,
-	0x0183, 0x0183,
-	0x0185, 0x0185,
-	0x0188, 0x0188,
-	0x018c, 0x018d,
-	0x0192, 0x0192,
-	0x0195, 0x0195,
-	0x0199, 0x019b,
-	0x019e, 0x019e,
-	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
-	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
-	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
-	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
-	0x01aa, 0x01ab,
-	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
-	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
-	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
-	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
-	0x01b9, 0x01ba,
-	0x01bd, 0x01bf,
-	0x01c6, 0x01c6,
-	0x01c9, 0x01c9,
-	0x01cc, 0x01cc,
-	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
-	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
-	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
-	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
-	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
-	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
-	0x01da, 0x01da,
-	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
-	0x01df, 0x01df,
-	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
-	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
-	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
-	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
-	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
-	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
-	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
-	0x01ef, 0x01f0,
-	0x01f3, 0x01f3,
-	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
-	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
-	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
-	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
-	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
-	0x0201, 0x0201,
-	0x0203, 0x0203,
-	0x0205, 0x0205,
-	0x0207, 0x0207,
-	0x0209, 0x0209,
-	0x020b, 0x020b,
-	0x020d, 0x020d,
-	0x020f, 0x020f,
-	0x0211, 0x0211,
-	0x0213, 0x0213,
-	0x0215, 0x0215,
-	0x0217, 0x0217,
-	0x0219, 0x0219,
-	0x021b, 0x021b,
-	0x021d, 0x021d,
-	0x021f, 0x021f,
-	0x0221, 0x0221,
-	0x0223, 0x0223,
-	0x0225, 0x0225,
-	0x0227, 0x0227,
-	0x0229, 0x0229,
-	0x022b, 0x022b,
-	0x022d, 0x022d,
-	0x022f, 0x022f,
-	0x0231, 0x0231,
-	0x0233, 0x0239,
-	0x023c, 0x023c,
-	0x023f, 0x0240,
-	0x0242, 0x0242,
-	0x0247, 0x0247,
-	0x0249, 0x0249,
-	0x024b, 0x024b,
-	0x024d, 0x024d,
-	0x024f, 0x0293,
-	0x0295, 0x02b8,
-	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0371, 0x0371,
-	0x0373, 0x0373,
-	0x0377, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x0390, 0x0390,
-	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
-	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
-	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
-	0x03db, 0x03db,
-	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
-	0x03df, 0x03df,
-	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
-	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
-	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
-	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
-	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
-	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
-	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
-	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
-	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
-	0x03fb, 0x03fc,
-	0x0430, 0x045f,
-	0x0461, 0x0461,
-	0x0463, 0x0463,
-	0x0465, 0x0465,
-	0x0467, 0x0467,
-	0x0469, 0x0469,
-	0x046b, 0x046b,
-	0x046d, 0x046d,
-	0x046f, 0x046f,
-	0x0471, 0x0471,
-	0x0473, 0x0473,
-	0x0475, 0x0475,
-	0x0477, 0x0477,
-	0x0479, 0x0479,
-	0x047b, 0x047b,
-	0x047d, 0x047d,
-	0x047f, 0x047f,
-	0x0481, 0x0481,
-	0x048b, 0x048b,
-	0x048d, 0x048d,
-	0x048f, 0x048f,
-	0x0491, 0x0491,
-	0x0493, 0x0493,
-	0x0495, 0x0495,
-	0x0497, 0x0497,
-	0x0499, 0x0499,
-	0x049b, 0x049b,
-	0x049d, 0x049d,
-	0x049f, 0x049f,
-	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
-	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
-	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
-	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
-	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
-	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
-	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
-	0x04af, 0x04af,
-	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
-	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
-	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
-	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
-	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
-	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
-	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
-	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
-	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
-	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
-	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
-	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
-	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
-	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
-	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
-	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
-	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
-	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
-	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
-	0x04db, 0x04db,
-	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
-	0x04df, 0x04df,
-	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
-	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
-	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
-	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
-	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
-	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
-	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
-	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
-	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
-	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
-	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
-	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
-	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
-	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
-	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
-	0x0501, 0x0501,
-	0x0503, 0x0503,
-	0x0505, 0x0505,
-	0x0507, 0x0507,
-	0x0509, 0x0509,
-	0x050b, 0x050b,
-	0x050d, 0x050d,
-	0x050f, 0x050f,
-	0x0511, 0x0511,
-	0x0513, 0x0513,
-	0x0515, 0x0515,
-	0x0517, 0x0517,
-	0x0519, 0x0519,
-	0x051b, 0x051b,
-	0x051d, 0x051d,
-	0x051f, 0x051f,
-	0x0521, 0x0521,
-	0x0523, 0x0523,
-	0x0525, 0x0525,
-	0x0527, 0x0527,
-	0x0529, 0x0529,
-	0x052b, 0x052b,
-	0x052d, 0x052d,
-	0x052f, 0x052f,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
-	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
-	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
-	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
-	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
-	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
-	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
-	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
-	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
-	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
-	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
-	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
-	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
-	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
-	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
-	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
-	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
-	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
-	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
-	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
-	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
-	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
-	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
-	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
-	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
-	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
-	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
-	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
-	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
-	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
-	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
-	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
-	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
-	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
-	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
-	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
-	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
-	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
-	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
-	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
-	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
-	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
-	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
-	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
-	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
-	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
-	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
-	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
-	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
-	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
-	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
-	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
-	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
-	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
-	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
-	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
-	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
-	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
-	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
-	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
-	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
-	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
-	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
-	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
-	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
-	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
-	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
-	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
-	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
-	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
-	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
-	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
-	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
-	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
-	0x1e95, 0x1e9d,
-	0x1e9f, 0x1e9f,
-	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
-	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
-	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
-	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
-	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
-	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
-	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
-	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
-	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
-	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
-	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
-	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
-	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
-	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
-	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
-	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
-	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
-	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
-	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
-	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
-	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
-	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
-	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
-	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
-	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
-	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
-	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
-	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
-	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
-	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
-	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
-	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
-	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
-	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
-	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
-	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
-	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
-	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
-	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
-	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
-	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
-	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
-	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
-	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
-	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
-	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
-	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
-	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
-	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
-	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
-	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1f87,
-	0x1f90, 0x1f97,
-	0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
-	0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x210a, 0x210a,
-	0x210e, 0x210f,
-	0x2113, 0x2113,
-	0x212f, 0x212f,
-	0x2134, 0x2134,
-	0x2139, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213d,
-	0x2146, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2170, 0x217f,
-	0x2184, 0x2184,
-	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
-	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
-	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
-	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
-	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
-	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
-	0x2c71, 0x2c71,
-	0x2c73, 0x2c74,
-	0x2c76, 0x2c7d,
-	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
-	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
-	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
-	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
-	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
-	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
-	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
-	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
-	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
-	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
-	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
-	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
-	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
-	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
-	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
-	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
-	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
-	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
-	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
-	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
-	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
-	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
-	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
-	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
-	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
-	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
-	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
-	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
-	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
-	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
-	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
-	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
-	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
-	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
-	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
-	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
-	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
-	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
-	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
-	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
-	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
-	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
-	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
-	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
-	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
-	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
-	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
-	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
-	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
-	0x2ce3, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
-	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0xa641, 0xa641,
-	0xa643, 0xa643,
-	0xa645, 0xa645,
-	0xa647, 0xa647,
-	0xa649, 0xa649,
-	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
-	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
-	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
-	0xa651, 0xa651,
-	0xa653, 0xa653,
-	0xa655, 0xa655,
-	0xa657, 0xa657,
-	0xa659, 0xa659,
-	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
-	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
-	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
-	0xa661, 0xa661,
-	0xa663, 0xa663,
-	0xa665, 0xa665,
-	0xa667, 0xa667,
-	0xa669, 0xa669,
-	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
-	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
-	0xa681, 0xa681,
-	0xa683, 0xa683,
-	0xa685, 0xa685,
-	0xa687, 0xa687,
-	0xa689, 0xa689,
-	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
-	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
-	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
-	0xa691, 0xa691,
-	0xa693, 0xa693,
-	0xa695, 0xa695,
-	0xa697, 0xa697,
-	0xa699, 0xa699,
-	0xa69b, 0xa69d,
-	0xa723, 0xa723,
-	0xa725, 0xa725,
-	0xa727, 0xa727,
-	0xa729, 0xa729,
-	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
-	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
-	0xa72f, 0xa731,
-	0xa733, 0xa733,
-	0xa735, 0xa735,
-	0xa737, 0xa737,
-	0xa739, 0xa739,
-	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
-	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
-	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
-	0xa741, 0xa741,
-	0xa743, 0xa743,
-	0xa745, 0xa745,
-	0xa747, 0xa747,
-	0xa749, 0xa749,
-	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
-	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
-	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
-	0xa751, 0xa751,
-	0xa753, 0xa753,
-	0xa755, 0xa755,
-	0xa757, 0xa757,
-	0xa759, 0xa759,
-	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
-	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
-	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
-	0xa761, 0xa761,
-	0xa763, 0xa763,
-	0xa765, 0xa765,
-	0xa767, 0xa767,
-	0xa769, 0xa769,
-	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
-	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
-	0xa76f, 0xa778,
-	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
-	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
-	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
-	0xa781, 0xa781,
-	0xa783, 0xa783,
-	0xa785, 0xa785,
-	0xa787, 0xa787,
-	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
-	0xa78e, 0xa78e,
-	0xa791, 0xa791,
-	0xa793, 0xa795,
-	0xa797, 0xa797,
-	0xa799, 0xa799,
-	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
-	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
-	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
-	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
-	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
-	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
-	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
-	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
-	0xa7af, 0xa7af,
-	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
-	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
-	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
-	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
-	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
-	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
-	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
-	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
-	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
-	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
-	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
-	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7f4,
-	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7fa,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10428, 0x1044f,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10780, 0x10780,
-	0x10783, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118c0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1d41a, 0x1d433,
-	0x1d44e, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d467,
-	0x1d482, 0x1d49b,
-	0x1d4b6, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d4cf,
-	0x1d4ea, 0x1d503,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d537,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d56b,
-	0x1d586, 0x1d59f,
-	0x1d5ba, 0x1d5d3,
-	0x1d5ee, 0x1d607,
-	0x1d622, 0x1d63b,
-	0x1d656, 0x1d66f,
-	0x1d68a, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6e1,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d71b,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d755,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d78f,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7cb, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
-	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_Lower */
-
-/* 'Print': [[:Print:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Print[] = {
-	709,
-	0x0020, 0x007e,
-	0x00a0, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2027,
-	0x202a, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xe000, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
-	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
-}; /* CR_Print */
-
-/* 'XPosixPunct': [[:Punct:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_XPosixPunct[] = {
-	186,
-	0x0021, 0x002f,
-	0x003a, 0x0040,
-	0x005b, 0x0060,
-	0x007b, 0x007e,
-	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
-	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
-	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
-	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
-	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x055a, 0x055f,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x05be, 0x05be,
-	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
-	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
-	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
-	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
-	0x0609, 0x060a,
-	0x060c, 0x060d,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061d, 0x061f,
-	0x066a, 0x066d,
-	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x0970, 0x0970,
-	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
-	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
-	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
-	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
-	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
-	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
-	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
-	0x0f3a, 0x0f3d,
-	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
-	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
-	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
-	0x104a, 0x104f,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1360, 0x1368,
-	0x1400, 0x1400,
-	0x166e, 0x166e,
-	0x169b, 0x169c,
-	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
-	0x17d8, 0x17da,
-	0x1800, 0x180a,
-	0x1944, 0x1945,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
-	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
-	0x1b7d, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
-	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
-	0x2010, 0x2027,
-	0x2030, 0x2043,
-	0x2045, 0x2051,
-	0x2053, 0x205e,
-	0x207d, 0x207e,
-	0x208d, 0x208e,
-	0x2308, 0x230b,
-	0x2329, 0x232a,
-	0x2768, 0x2775,
-	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
-	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
-	0x2983, 0x2998,
-	0x29d8, 0x29db,
-	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
-	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
-	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e2e,
-	0x2e30, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e52, 0x2e5d,
-	0x3001, 0x3003,
-	0x3008, 0x3011,
-	0x3014, 0x301f,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x303d, 0x303d,
-	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
-	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
-	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
-	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
-	0xa673, 0xa673,
-	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
-	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa874, 0xa877,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
-	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
-	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
-	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
-	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
-	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
-	0xaade, 0xaadf,
-	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
-	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
-	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe61,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
-	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
-	0xff01, 0xff03,
-	0xff05, 0xff0a,
-	0xff0c, 0xff0f,
-	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
-	0xff1f, 0xff20,
-	0xff3b, 0xff3d,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
-	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
-	0xff5f, 0xff65,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10857, 0x10857,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
-	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x11047, 0x1104d,
-	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x11140, 0x11143,
-	0x11174, 0x11175,
-	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111db, 0x111db,
-	0x111dd, 0x111df,
-	0x11238, 0x1123d,
-	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
-	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
-	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
-	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
-	0x11641, 0x11643,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
-	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
-	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
-	0x11944, 0x11946,
-	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
-	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
-	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
-	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
-	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
-	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
-	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-}; /* CR_XPosixPunct */
-
-/* 'Space': [[:Space:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Space[] = {
-	10,
-	0x0009, 0x000d,
-	0x0020, 0x0020,
-	0x0085, 0x0085,
-	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
-	0x1680, 0x1680,
-	0x2000, 0x200a,
-	0x2028, 0x2029,
-	0x202f, 0x202f,
-	0x205f, 0x205f,
-	0x3000, 0x3000,
-}; /* CR_Space */
-
-/* 'Upper': [[:Upper:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Upper[] = {
-	651,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00de,
-	0x0100, 0x0100,
-	0x0102, 0x0102,
-	0x0104, 0x0104,
-	0x0106, 0x0106,
-	0x0108, 0x0108,
-	0x010a, 0x010a,
-	0x010c, 0x010c,
-	0x010e, 0x010e,
-	0x0110, 0x0110,
-	0x0112, 0x0112,
-	0x0114, 0x0114,
-	0x0116, 0x0116,
-	0x0118, 0x0118,
-	0x011a, 0x011a,
-	0x011c, 0x011c,
-	0x011e, 0x011e,
-	0x0120, 0x0120,
-	0x0122, 0x0122,
-	0x0124, 0x0124,
-	0x0126, 0x0126,
-	0x0128, 0x0128,
-	0x012a, 0x012a,
-	0x012c, 0x012c,
-	0x012e, 0x012e,
-	0x0130, 0x0130,
-	0x0132, 0x0132,
-	0x0134, 0x0134,
-	0x0136, 0x0136,
-	0x0139, 0x0139,
-	0x013b, 0x013b,
-	0x013d, 0x013d,
-	0x013f, 0x013f,
-	0x0141, 0x0141,
-	0x0143, 0x0143,
-	0x0145, 0x0145,
-	0x0147, 0x0147,
-	0x014a, 0x014a,
-	0x014c, 0x014c,
-	0x014e, 0x014e,
-	0x0150, 0x0150,
-	0x0152, 0x0152,
-	0x0154, 0x0154,
-	0x0156, 0x0156,
-	0x0158, 0x0158,
-	0x015a, 0x015a,
-	0x015c, 0x015c,
-	0x015e, 0x015e,
-	0x0160, 0x0160,
-	0x0162, 0x0162,
-	0x0164, 0x0164,
-	0x0166, 0x0166,
-	0x0168, 0x0168,
-	0x016a, 0x016a,
-	0x016c, 0x016c,
-	0x016e, 0x016e,
-	0x0170, 0x0170,
-	0x0172, 0x0172,
-	0x0174, 0x0174,
-	0x0176, 0x0176,
-	0x0178, 0x0179,
-	0x017b, 0x017b,
-	0x017d, 0x017d,
-	0x0181, 0x0182,
-	0x0184, 0x0184,
-	0x0186, 0x0187,
-	0x0189, 0x018b,
-	0x018e, 0x0191,
-	0x0193, 0x0194,
-	0x0196, 0x0198,
-	0x019c, 0x019d,
-	0x019f, 0x01a0,
-	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
-	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
-	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
-	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
-	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
-	0x01ae, 0x01af,
-	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
-	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
-	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
-	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
-	0x01c7, 0x01c7,
-	0x01ca, 0x01ca,
-	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
-	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
-	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
-	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
-	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
-	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
-	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
-	0x01db, 0x01db,
-	0x01de, 0x01de,
-	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
-	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
-	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
-	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
-	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
-	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
-	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
-	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
-	0x01f1, 0x01f1,
-	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
-	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
-	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
-	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
-	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
-	0x0200, 0x0200,
-	0x0202, 0x0202,
-	0x0204, 0x0204,
-	0x0206, 0x0206,
-	0x0208, 0x0208,
-	0x020a, 0x020a,
-	0x020c, 0x020c,
-	0x020e, 0x020e,
-	0x0210, 0x0210,
-	0x0212, 0x0212,
-	0x0214, 0x0214,
-	0x0216, 0x0216,
-	0x0218, 0x0218,
-	0x021a, 0x021a,
-	0x021c, 0x021c,
-	0x021e, 0x021e,
-	0x0220, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0222,
-	0x0224, 0x0224,
-	0x0226, 0x0226,
-	0x0228, 0x0228,
-	0x022a, 0x022a,
-	0x022c, 0x022c,
-	0x022e, 0x022e,
-	0x0230, 0x0230,
-	0x0232, 0x0232,
-	0x023a, 0x023b,
-	0x023d, 0x023e,
-	0x0241, 0x0241,
-	0x0243, 0x0246,
-	0x0248, 0x0248,
-	0x024a, 0x024a,
-	0x024c, 0x024c,
-	0x024e, 0x024e,
-	0x0370, 0x0370,
-	0x0372, 0x0372,
-	0x0376, 0x0376,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x038f,
-	0x0391, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
-	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
-	0x03d2, 0x03d4,
-	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
-	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
-	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
-	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
-	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
-	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
-	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
-	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
-	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
-	0x03fd, 0x042f,
-	0x0460, 0x0460,
-	0x0462, 0x0462,
-	0x0464, 0x0464,
-	0x0466, 0x0466,
-	0x0468, 0x0468,
-	0x046a, 0x046a,
-	0x046c, 0x046c,
-	0x046e, 0x046e,
-	0x0470, 0x0470,
-	0x0472, 0x0472,
-	0x0474, 0x0474,
-	0x0476, 0x0476,
-	0x0478, 0x0478,
-	0x047a, 0x047a,
-	0x047c, 0x047c,
-	0x047e, 0x047e,
-	0x0480, 0x0480,
-	0x048a, 0x048a,
-	0x048c, 0x048c,
-	0x048e, 0x048e,
-	0x0490, 0x0490,
-	0x0492, 0x0492,
-	0x0494, 0x0494,
-	0x0496, 0x0496,
-	0x0498, 0x0498,
-	0x049a, 0x049a,
-	0x049c, 0x049c,
-	0x049e, 0x049e,
-	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
-	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
-	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
-	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
-	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
-	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
-	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
-	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
-	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
-	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
-	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
-	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
-	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
-	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
-	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
-	0x04be, 0x04be,
-	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
-	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
-	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
-	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
-	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
-	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
-	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
-	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
-	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
-	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
-	0x04da, 0x04da,
-	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
-	0x04de, 0x04de,
-	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
-	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
-	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
-	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
-	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
-	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
-	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
-	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
-	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
-	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
-	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
-	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
-	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
-	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
-	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
-	0x0500, 0x0500,
-	0x0502, 0x0502,
-	0x0504, 0x0504,
-	0x0506, 0x0506,
-	0x0508, 0x0508,
-	0x050a, 0x050a,
-	0x050c, 0x050c,
-	0x050e, 0x050e,
-	0x0510, 0x0510,
-	0x0512, 0x0512,
-	0x0514, 0x0514,
-	0x0516, 0x0516,
-	0x0518, 0x0518,
-	0x051a, 0x051a,
-	0x051c, 0x051c,
-	0x051e, 0x051e,
-	0x0520, 0x0520,
-	0x0522, 0x0522,
-	0x0524, 0x0524,
-	0x0526, 0x0526,
-	0x0528, 0x0528,
-	0x052a, 0x052a,
-	0x052c, 0x052c,
-	0x052e, 0x052e,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
-	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
-	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
-	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
-	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
-	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
-	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
-	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
-	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
-	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
-	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
-	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
-	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
-	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
-	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
-	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
-	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
-	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
-	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
-	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
-	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
-	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
-	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
-	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
-	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
-	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
-	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
-	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
-	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
-	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
-	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
-	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
-	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
-	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
-	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
-	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
-	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
-	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
-	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
-	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
-	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
-	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
-	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
-	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
-	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
-	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
-	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
-	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
-	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
-	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
-	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
-	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
-	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
-	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
-	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
-	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
-	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
-	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
-	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
-	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
-	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
-	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
-	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
-	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
-	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
-	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
-	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
-	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
-	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
-	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
-	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
-	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
-	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
-	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
-	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
-	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
-	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
-	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
-	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
-	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
-	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
-	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
-	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
-	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
-	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
-	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
-	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
-	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
-	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
-	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
-	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
-	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
-	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
-	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
-	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
-	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
-	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
-	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
-	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
-	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
-	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
-	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
-	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
-	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
-	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
-	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
-	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
-	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
-	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
-	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
-	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
-	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
-	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
-	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
-	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
-	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
-	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
-	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
-	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
-	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
-	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
-	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
-	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
-	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
-	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
-	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
-	0x1fb8, 0x1fbb,
-	0x1fc8, 0x1fcb,
-	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff8, 0x1ffb,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210b, 0x210d,
-	0x2110, 0x2112,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x2130, 0x2133,
-	0x213e, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2145,
-	0x2160, 0x216f,
-	0x2183, 0x2183,
-	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
-	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
-	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
-	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
-	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
-	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
-	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
-	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
-	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
-	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
-	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
-	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
-	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
-	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
-	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
-	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
-	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
-	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
-	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
-	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
-	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
-	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
-	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
-	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
-	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
-	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
-	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
-	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
-	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
-	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
-	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
-	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
-	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
-	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
-	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
-	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
-	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
-	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
-	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
-	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
-	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
-	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
-	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
-	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
-	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
-	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
-	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
-	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
-	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
-	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
-	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
-	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
-	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
-	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
-	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
-	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
-	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
-	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
-	0xa640, 0xa640,
-	0xa642, 0xa642,
-	0xa644, 0xa644,
-	0xa646, 0xa646,
-	0xa648, 0xa648,
-	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
-	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
-	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
-	0xa650, 0xa650,
-	0xa652, 0xa652,
-	0xa654, 0xa654,
-	0xa656, 0xa656,
-	0xa658, 0xa658,
-	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
-	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
-	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
-	0xa660, 0xa660,
-	0xa662, 0xa662,
-	0xa664, 0xa664,
-	0xa666, 0xa666,
-	0xa668, 0xa668,
-	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
-	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
-	0xa680, 0xa680,
-	0xa682, 0xa682,
-	0xa684, 0xa684,
-	0xa686, 0xa686,
-	0xa688, 0xa688,
-	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
-	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
-	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
-	0xa690, 0xa690,
-	0xa692, 0xa692,
-	0xa694, 0xa694,
-	0xa696, 0xa696,
-	0xa698, 0xa698,
-	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
-	0xa722, 0xa722,
-	0xa724, 0xa724,
-	0xa726, 0xa726,
-	0xa728, 0xa728,
-	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
-	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
-	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
-	0xa732, 0xa732,
-	0xa734, 0xa734,
-	0xa736, 0xa736,
-	0xa738, 0xa738,
-	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
-	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
-	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
-	0xa740, 0xa740,
-	0xa742, 0xa742,
-	0xa744, 0xa744,
-	0xa746, 0xa746,
-	0xa748, 0xa748,
-	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
-	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
-	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
-	0xa750, 0xa750,
-	0xa752, 0xa752,
-	0xa754, 0xa754,
-	0xa756, 0xa756,
-	0xa758, 0xa758,
-	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
-	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
-	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
-	0xa760, 0xa760,
-	0xa762, 0xa762,
-	0xa764, 0xa764,
-	0xa766, 0xa766,
-	0xa768, 0xa768,
-	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
-	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
-	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
-	0xa779, 0xa779,
-	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
-	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
-	0xa780, 0xa780,
-	0xa782, 0xa782,
-	0xa784, 0xa784,
-	0xa786, 0xa786,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
-	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
-	0xa790, 0xa790,
-	0xa792, 0xa792,
-	0xa796, 0xa796,
-	0xa798, 0xa798,
-	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
-	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
-	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
-	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
-	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
-	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
-	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
-	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
-	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
-	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
-	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
-	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
-	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
-	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
-	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
-	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
-	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
-	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0x10400, 0x10427,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d419,
-	0x1d434, 0x1d44d,
-	0x1d468, 0x1d481,
-	0x1d49c, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b5,
-	0x1d4d0, 0x1d4e9,
-	0x1d504, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d538, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d56c, 0x1d585,
-	0x1d5a0, 0x1d5b9,
-	0x1d5d4, 0x1d5ed,
-	0x1d608, 0x1d621,
-	0x1d63c, 0x1d655,
-	0x1d670, 0x1d689,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6e2, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d71c, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d756, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d790, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7ca, 0x1d7ca,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-}; /* CR_Upper */
-
-/* 'XDigit': [[:XDigit:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_XDigit[] = {
-	3,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x0046,
-	0x0061, 0x0066,
-}; /* CR_XDigit */
-
-/* 'Word': [[:Word:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Word[] = {
-	770,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x005f, 0x005f,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x0483, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x0620, 0x0669,
-	0x066e, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x0898, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0963,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x0971, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x1000, 0x1049,
-	0x1050, 0x109d,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1734,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17d3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1946, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x203f, 0x2040,
-	0x2054, 0x2054,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x302f,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa672,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa827,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
-	0xa930, 0xa953,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
-	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11046,
-	0x11066, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x11144, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11173,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111c4,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111ce, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1144a,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x1145e, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
-	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11640,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11739,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183a,
-	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11943,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13440, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Word */
-
-/* 'Alnum': [[:Alnum:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Alnum[] = {
-	772,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0370, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x0620, 0x0657,
-	0x0659, 0x0669,
-	0x066e, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
-	0x06e1, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ed, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x073f,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x0817,
-	0x081a, 0x082c,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x08d4, 0x08df,
-	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
-	0x08f0, 0x093b,
-	0x093d, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x0950,
-	0x0955, 0x0963,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x0971, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af9, 0x0afc,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x1000, 0x1036,
-	0x1038, 0x1038,
-	0x103b, 0x1049,
-	0x1050, 0x109d,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1713,
-	0x171f, 0x1733,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1938,
-	0x1946, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
-	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
-	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1b80, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bac, 0x1be5,
-	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c36,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1de7, 0x1df4,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa674, 0xa67b,
-	0xa67f, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa827,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa92a,
-	0xa930, 0xa952,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaabe,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf5,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabea,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11045,
-	0x11066, 0x1106f,
-	0x11071, 0x11075,
-	0x11080, 0x110b8,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11132,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x11144, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111bf,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111ce, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11234,
-	0x11237, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112e8,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11400, 0x11441,
-	0x11443, 0x11445,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c1,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115be,
-	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x1163e,
-	0x11640, 0x11640,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
-	0x11730, 0x11739,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x11838,
-	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193f, 0x11942,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119df,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a35, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a97,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
-	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Alnum */
-
-/* 'ASCII': [[:ASCII:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_ASCII[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0000, 0x007f,
-}; /* CR_ASCII */
-
-/* 'Punct': [[:Punct:]] */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Punct[] = {
-	191,
-	0x0021, 0x0023,
-	0x0025, 0x002a,
-	0x002c, 0x002f,
-	0x003a, 0x003b,
-	0x003f, 0x0040,
-	0x005b, 0x005d,
-	0x005f, 0x005f,
-	0x007b, 0x007b,
-	0x007d, 0x007d,
-	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
-	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
-	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
-	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
-	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x055a, 0x055f,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x05be, 0x05be,
-	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
-	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
-	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
-	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
-	0x0609, 0x060a,
-	0x060c, 0x060d,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061d, 0x061f,
-	0x066a, 0x066d,
-	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x0970, 0x0970,
-	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
-	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
-	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
-	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
-	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
-	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
-	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
-	0x0f3a, 0x0f3d,
-	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
-	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
-	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
-	0x104a, 0x104f,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1360, 0x1368,
-	0x1400, 0x1400,
-	0x166e, 0x166e,
-	0x169b, 0x169c,
-	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
-	0x17d8, 0x17da,
-	0x1800, 0x180a,
-	0x1944, 0x1945,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
-	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
-	0x1b7d, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
-	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
-	0x2010, 0x2027,
-	0x2030, 0x2043,
-	0x2045, 0x2051,
-	0x2053, 0x205e,
-	0x207d, 0x207e,
-	0x208d, 0x208e,
-	0x2308, 0x230b,
-	0x2329, 0x232a,
-	0x2768, 0x2775,
-	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
-	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
-	0x2983, 0x2998,
-	0x29d8, 0x29db,
-	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
-	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
-	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e2e,
-	0x2e30, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e52, 0x2e5d,
-	0x3001, 0x3003,
-	0x3008, 0x3011,
-	0x3014, 0x301f,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x303d, 0x303d,
-	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
-	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
-	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
-	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
-	0xa673, 0xa673,
-	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
-	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa874, 0xa877,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
-	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
-	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
-	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
-	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
-	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
-	0xaade, 0xaadf,
-	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
-	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
-	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe61,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
-	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
-	0xff01, 0xff03,
-	0xff05, 0xff0a,
-	0xff0c, 0xff0f,
-	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
-	0xff1f, 0xff20,
-	0xff3b, 0xff3d,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
-	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
-	0xff5f, 0xff65,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10857, 0x10857,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
-	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x11047, 0x1104d,
-	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x11140, 0x11143,
-	0x11174, 0x11175,
-	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111db, 0x111db,
-	0x111dd, 0x111df,
-	0x11238, 0x1123d,
-	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
-	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
-	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
-	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
-	0x11641, 0x11643,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
-	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
-	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
-	0x11944, 0x11946,
-	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
-	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
-	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
-	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
-	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
-	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
-	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-}; /* CR_Punct */
-
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-/* 'Any': - */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Any[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0000, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Any */
-
-/* 'Assigned': - */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Assigned[] = {
-	707,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
-	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
-}; /* CR_Assigned */
-
-/* 'C': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_C[] = {
-	712,
-	0x0000, 0x001f,
-	0x007f, 0x009f,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x0378, 0x0379,
-	0x0380, 0x0383,
-	0x038b, 0x038b,
-	0x038d, 0x038d,
-	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
-	0x0530, 0x0530,
-	0x0557, 0x0558,
-	0x058b, 0x058c,
-	0x0590, 0x0590,
-	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
-	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
-	0x05f5, 0x0605,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
-	0x070e, 0x070f,
-	0x074b, 0x074c,
-	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
-	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
-	0x082e, 0x082f,
-	0x083f, 0x083f,
-	0x085c, 0x085d,
-	0x085f, 0x085f,
-	0x086b, 0x086f,
-	0x088f, 0x0897,
-	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
-	0x0984, 0x0984,
-	0x098d, 0x098e,
-	0x0991, 0x0992,
-	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
-	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
-	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
-	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
-	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
-	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
-	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
-	0x09d8, 0x09db,
-	0x09de, 0x09de,
-	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
-	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
-	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
-	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
-	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
-	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
-	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
-	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
-	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
-	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
-	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
-	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
-	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
-	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
-	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
-	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
-	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
-	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
-	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
-	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
-	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
-	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
-	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
-	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
-	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
-	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
-	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
-	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
-	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
-	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
-	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
-	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
-	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
-	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
-	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
-	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
-	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
-	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
-	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
-	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
-	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
-	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
-	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
-	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
-	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
-	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
-	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
-	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
-	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
-	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
-	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
-	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
-	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
-	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
-	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
-	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
-	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
-	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
-	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
-	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
-	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
-	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
-	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
-	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
-	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
-	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
-	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
-	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
-	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
-	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
-	0x0c5b, 0x0c5c,
-	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
-	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
-	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
-	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
-	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
-	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
-	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
-	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
-	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
-	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
-	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
-	0x0cd7, 0x0cdc,
-	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
-	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
-	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
-	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
-	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
-	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
-	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
-	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
-	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
-	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
-	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
-	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
-	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
-	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
-	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
-	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
-	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
-	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
-	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
-	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
-	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
-	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
-	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
-	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
-	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
-	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
-	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
-	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
-	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
-	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
-	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
-	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
-	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
-	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
-	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
-	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
-	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
-	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
-	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
-	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
-	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
-	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
-	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
-	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
-	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
-	0x1249, 0x1249,
-	0x124e, 0x124f,
-	0x1257, 0x1257,
-	0x1259, 0x1259,
-	0x125e, 0x125f,
-	0x1289, 0x1289,
-	0x128e, 0x128f,
-	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
-	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
-	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
-	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
-	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
-	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
-	0x1311, 0x1311,
-	0x1316, 0x1317,
-	0x135b, 0x135c,
-	0x137d, 0x137f,
-	0x139a, 0x139f,
-	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
-	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
-	0x169d, 0x169f,
-	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
-	0x1716, 0x171e,
-	0x1737, 0x173f,
-	0x1754, 0x175f,
-	0x176d, 0x176d,
-	0x1771, 0x1771,
-	0x1774, 0x177f,
-	0x17de, 0x17df,
-	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
-	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
-	0x180e, 0x180e,
-	0x181a, 0x181f,
-	0x1879, 0x187f,
-	0x18ab, 0x18af,
-	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
-	0x191f, 0x191f,
-	0x192c, 0x192f,
-	0x193c, 0x193f,
-	0x1941, 0x1943,
-	0x196e, 0x196f,
-	0x1975, 0x197f,
-	0x19ac, 0x19af,
-	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
-	0x19db, 0x19dd,
-	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
-	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
-	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
-	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
-	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
-	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
-	0x1acf, 0x1aff,
-	0x1b4d, 0x1b4f,
-	0x1b7f, 0x1b7f,
-	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
-	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
-	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
-	0x1c89, 0x1c8f,
-	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
-	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
-	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
-	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
-	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
-	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
-	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
-	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
-	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
-	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
-	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
-	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
-	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
-	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
-	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
-	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
-	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
-	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
-	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
-	0x200b, 0x200f,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2060, 0x206f,
-	0x2072, 0x2073,
-	0x208f, 0x208f,
-	0x209d, 0x209f,
-	0x20c1, 0x20cf,
-	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
-	0x218c, 0x218f,
-	0x2427, 0x243f,
-	0x244b, 0x245f,
-	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
-	0x2b96, 0x2b96,
-	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
-	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
-	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
-	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
-	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
-	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
-	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
-	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
-	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
-	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
-	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
-	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
-	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
-	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
-	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
-	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
-	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
-	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
-	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
-	0x2ffc, 0x2fff,
-	0x3040, 0x3040,
-	0x3097, 0x3098,
-	0x3100, 0x3104,
-	0x3130, 0x3130,
-	0x318f, 0x318f,
-	0x31e4, 0x31ef,
-	0x321f, 0x321f,
-	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
-	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
-	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
-	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
-	0xa7cb, 0xa7cf,
-	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
-	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
-	0xa7da, 0xa7f1,
-	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
-	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
-	0xa878, 0xa87f,
-	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
-	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
-	0xa954, 0xa95e,
-	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
-	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
-	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
-	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
-	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
-	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
-	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
-	0xaac3, 0xaada,
-	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
-	0xab07, 0xab08,
-	0xab0f, 0xab10,
-	0xab17, 0xab1f,
-	0xab27, 0xab27,
-	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
-	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
-	0xabee, 0xabef,
-	0xabfa, 0xabff,
-	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
-	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
-	0xd7fc, 0xf8ff,
-	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
-	0xfada, 0xfaff,
-	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
-	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
-	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
-	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
-	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
-	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
-	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
-	0xfbc3, 0xfbd2,
-	0xfd90, 0xfd91,
-	0xfdc8, 0xfdce,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
-	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
-	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
-	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
-	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
-	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
-	0xfefd, 0xff00,
-	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
-	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
-	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
-	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
-	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
-	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
-	0xffef, 0xfffb,
-	0xfffe, 0xffff,
-	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
-	0x10027, 0x10027,
-	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
-	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
-	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
-	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
-	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
-	0x10103, 0x10106,
-	0x10134, 0x10136,
-	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
-	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
-	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
-	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
-	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
-	0x102d1, 0x102df,
-	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
-	0x10324, 0x1032c,
-	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
-	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
-	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
-	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
-	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
-	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
-	0x104aa, 0x104af,
-	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
-	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
-	0x10528, 0x1052f,
-	0x10564, 0x1056e,
-	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
-	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
-	0x10593, 0x10593,
-	0x10596, 0x10596,
-	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
-	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
-	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
-	0x105bd, 0x105ff,
-	0x10737, 0x1073f,
-	0x10756, 0x1075f,
-	0x10768, 0x1077f,
-	0x10786, 0x10786,
-	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
-	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
-	0x10806, 0x10807,
-	0x10809, 0x10809,
-	0x10836, 0x10836,
-	0x10839, 0x1083b,
-	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
-	0x10856, 0x10856,
-	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
-	0x108b0, 0x108df,
-	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
-	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
-	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
-	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
-	0x10940, 0x1097f,
-	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
-	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
-	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
-	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
-	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
-	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
-	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
-	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
-	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
-	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
-	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
-	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
-	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
-	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
-	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
-	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
-	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
-	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
-	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
-	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
-	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
-	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
-	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
-	0x10d3a, 0x10e5f,
-	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
-	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
-	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
-	0x10eb2, 0x10efc,
-	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
-	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
-	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
-	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
-	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
-	0x1104e, 0x11051,
-	0x11076, 0x1107e,
-	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
-	0x110c3, 0x110cf,
-	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
-	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
-	0x11135, 0x11135,
-	0x11148, 0x1114f,
-	0x11177, 0x1117f,
-	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
-	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
-	0x11212, 0x11212,
-	0x11242, 0x1127f,
-	0x11287, 0x11287,
-	0x11289, 0x11289,
-	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
-	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
-	0x112aa, 0x112af,
-	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
-	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
-	0x11304, 0x11304,
-	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
-	0x11311, 0x11312,
-	0x11329, 0x11329,
-	0x11331, 0x11331,
-	0x11334, 0x11334,
-	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
-	0x11345, 0x11346,
-	0x11349, 0x1134a,
-	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
-	0x11351, 0x11356,
-	0x11358, 0x1135c,
-	0x11364, 0x11365,
-	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
-	0x11375, 0x113ff,
-	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
-	0x11462, 0x1147f,
-	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
-	0x114da, 0x1157f,
-	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
-	0x115de, 0x115ff,
-	0x11645, 0x1164f,
-	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
-	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
-	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
-	0x116ca, 0x116ff,
-	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
-	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
-	0x11747, 0x117ff,
-	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
-	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
-	0x11907, 0x11908,
-	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
-	0x11914, 0x11914,
-	0x11917, 0x11917,
-	0x11936, 0x11936,
-	0x11939, 0x1193a,
-	0x11947, 0x1194f,
-	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
-	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
-	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
-	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
-	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
-	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
-	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
-	0x11b0a, 0x11bff,
-	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
-	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
-	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
-	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
-	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
-	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
-	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
-	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
-	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
-	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
-	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
-	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
-	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
-	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
-	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
-	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
-	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
-	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
-	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
-	0x11daa, 0x11edf,
-	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
-	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
-	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
-	0x11f5a, 0x11faf,
-	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
-	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
-	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
-	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
-	0x12475, 0x1247f,
-	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
-	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
-	0x13430, 0x1343f,
-	0x13456, 0x143ff,
-	0x14647, 0x167ff,
-	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
-	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
-	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
-	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
-	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
-	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
-	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
-	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
-	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
-	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
-	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
-	0x16b90, 0x16e3f,
-	0x16e9b, 0x16eff,
-	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
-	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
-	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
-	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
-	0x16ff2, 0x16fff,
-	0x187f8, 0x187ff,
-	0x18cd6, 0x18cff,
-	0x18d09, 0x1afef,
-	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
-	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
-	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
-	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
-	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
-	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
-	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
-	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
-	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
-	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
-	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
-	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
-	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1ceff,
-	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
-	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
-	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
-	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
-	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
-	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
-	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
-	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
-	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
-	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
-	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
-	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
-	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
-	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
-	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
-	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
-	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
-	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
-	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
-	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
-	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
-	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
-	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
-	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
-	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
-	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
-	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
-	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
-	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
-	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
-	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
-	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
-	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
-	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
-	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
-	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
-	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
-	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
-	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
-	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
-	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
-	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
-	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
-	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
-	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
-	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
-	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
-	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
-	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
-	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
-	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
-	0x1e4fa, 0x1e7df,
-	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
-	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
-	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
-	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
-	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
-	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
-	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
-	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
-	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
-	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
-	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
-	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
-	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
-	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
-	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
-	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
-	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
-	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
-	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
-	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
-	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
-	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
-	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
-	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
-	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
-	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
-	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
-	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
-	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
-	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
-	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
-	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
-	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
-	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
-	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
-	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
-	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
-	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
-	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
-	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
-	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
-	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
-	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
-	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
-	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
-	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
-	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
-	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
-	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
-	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
-	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
-	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
-	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
-	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
-	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
-	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
-	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
-	0x1f6d8, 0x1f6db,
-	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
-	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
-	0x1f777, 0x1f77a,
-	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
-	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
-	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
-	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
-	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
-	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
-	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
-	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
-	0x1f8b2, 0x1f8ff,
-	0x1fa54, 0x1fa5f,
-	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
-	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
-	0x1fa89, 0x1fa8f,
-	0x1fabe, 0x1fabe,
-	0x1fac6, 0x1facd,
-	0x1fadc, 0x1fadf,
-	0x1fae9, 0x1faef,
-	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
-	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
-	0x1fbcb, 0x1fbef,
-	0x1fbfa, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
-	0x2b73a, 0x2b73f,
-	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
-	0x2cea2, 0x2ceaf,
-	0x2ebe1, 0x2f7ff,
-	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
-	0x323b0, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_C */
-
-/* 'Cc': General Category */
-#define CR_Cc CR_Cntrl
-
-/* 'Cf': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cf[] = {
-	21,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x0600, 0x0605,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
-	0x070f, 0x070f,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
-	0x180e, 0x180e,
-	0x200b, 0x200f,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2060, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x206f,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffb,
-	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x13430, 0x1343f,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-}; /* CR_Cf */
-
-/* 'Cn': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cn[] = {
-	707,
-	0x0378, 0x0379,
-	0x0380, 0x0383,
-	0x038b, 0x038b,
-	0x038d, 0x038d,
-	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
-	0x0530, 0x0530,
-	0x0557, 0x0558,
-	0x058b, 0x058c,
-	0x0590, 0x0590,
-	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
-	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
-	0x05f5, 0x05ff,
-	0x070e, 0x070e,
-	0x074b, 0x074c,
-	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
-	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
-	0x082e, 0x082f,
-	0x083f, 0x083f,
-	0x085c, 0x085d,
-	0x085f, 0x085f,
-	0x086b, 0x086f,
-	0x088f, 0x088f,
-	0x0892, 0x0897,
-	0x0984, 0x0984,
-	0x098d, 0x098e,
-	0x0991, 0x0992,
-	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
-	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
-	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
-	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
-	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
-	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
-	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
-	0x09d8, 0x09db,
-	0x09de, 0x09de,
-	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
-	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
-	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
-	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
-	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
-	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
-	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
-	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
-	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
-	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
-	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
-	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
-	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
-	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
-	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
-	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
-	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
-	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
-	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
-	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
-	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
-	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
-	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
-	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
-	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
-	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
-	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
-	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
-	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
-	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
-	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
-	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
-	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
-	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
-	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
-	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
-	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
-	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
-	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
-	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
-	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
-	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
-	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
-	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
-	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
-	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
-	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
-	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
-	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
-	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
-	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
-	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
-	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
-	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
-	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
-	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
-	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
-	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
-	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
-	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
-	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
-	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
-	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
-	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
-	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
-	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
-	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
-	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
-	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
-	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
-	0x0c5b, 0x0c5c,
-	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
-	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
-	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
-	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
-	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
-	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
-	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
-	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
-	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
-	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
-	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
-	0x0cd7, 0x0cdc,
-	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
-	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
-	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
-	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
-	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
-	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
-	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
-	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
-	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
-	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
-	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
-	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
-	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
-	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
-	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
-	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
-	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
-	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
-	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
-	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
-	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
-	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
-	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
-	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
-	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
-	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
-	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
-	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
-	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
-	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
-	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
-	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
-	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
-	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
-	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
-	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
-	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
-	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
-	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
-	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
-	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
-	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
-	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
-	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
-	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
-	0x1249, 0x1249,
-	0x124e, 0x124f,
-	0x1257, 0x1257,
-	0x1259, 0x1259,
-	0x125e, 0x125f,
-	0x1289, 0x1289,
-	0x128e, 0x128f,
-	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
-	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
-	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
-	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
-	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
-	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
-	0x1311, 0x1311,
-	0x1316, 0x1317,
-	0x135b, 0x135c,
-	0x137d, 0x137f,
-	0x139a, 0x139f,
-	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
-	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
-	0x169d, 0x169f,
-	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
-	0x1716, 0x171e,
-	0x1737, 0x173f,
-	0x1754, 0x175f,
-	0x176d, 0x176d,
-	0x1771, 0x1771,
-	0x1774, 0x177f,
-	0x17de, 0x17df,
-	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
-	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
-	0x181a, 0x181f,
-	0x1879, 0x187f,
-	0x18ab, 0x18af,
-	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
-	0x191f, 0x191f,
-	0x192c, 0x192f,
-	0x193c, 0x193f,
-	0x1941, 0x1943,
-	0x196e, 0x196f,
-	0x1975, 0x197f,
-	0x19ac, 0x19af,
-	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
-	0x19db, 0x19dd,
-	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
-	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
-	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
-	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
-	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
-	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
-	0x1acf, 0x1aff,
-	0x1b4d, 0x1b4f,
-	0x1b7f, 0x1b7f,
-	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
-	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
-	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
-	0x1c89, 0x1c8f,
-	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
-	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
-	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
-	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
-	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
-	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
-	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
-	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
-	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
-	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
-	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
-	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
-	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
-	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
-	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
-	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
-	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
-	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
-	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
-	0x2065, 0x2065,
-	0x2072, 0x2073,
-	0x208f, 0x208f,
-	0x209d, 0x209f,
-	0x20c1, 0x20cf,
-	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
-	0x218c, 0x218f,
-	0x2427, 0x243f,
-	0x244b, 0x245f,
-	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
-	0x2b96, 0x2b96,
-	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
-	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
-	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
-	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
-	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
-	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
-	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
-	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
-	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
-	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
-	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
-	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
-	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
-	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
-	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
-	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
-	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
-	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
-	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
-	0x2ffc, 0x2fff,
-	0x3040, 0x3040,
-	0x3097, 0x3098,
-	0x3100, 0x3104,
-	0x3130, 0x3130,
-	0x318f, 0x318f,
-	0x31e4, 0x31ef,
-	0x321f, 0x321f,
-	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
-	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
-	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
-	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
-	0xa7cb, 0xa7cf,
-	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
-	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
-	0xa7da, 0xa7f1,
-	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
-	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
-	0xa878, 0xa87f,
-	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
-	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
-	0xa954, 0xa95e,
-	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
-	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
-	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
-	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
-	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
-	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
-	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
-	0xaac3, 0xaada,
-	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
-	0xab07, 0xab08,
-	0xab0f, 0xab10,
-	0xab17, 0xab1f,
-	0xab27, 0xab27,
-	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
-	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
-	0xabee, 0xabef,
-	0xabfa, 0xabff,
-	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
-	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
-	0xd7fc, 0xd7ff,
-	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
-	0xfada, 0xfaff,
-	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
-	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
-	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
-	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
-	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
-	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
-	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
-	0xfbc3, 0xfbd2,
-	0xfd90, 0xfd91,
-	0xfdc8, 0xfdce,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
-	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
-	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
-	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
-	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
-	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
-	0xfefd, 0xfefe,
-	0xff00, 0xff00,
-	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
-	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
-	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
-	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
-	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
-	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
-	0xffef, 0xfff8,
-	0xfffe, 0xffff,
-	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
-	0x10027, 0x10027,
-	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
-	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
-	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
-	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
-	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
-	0x10103, 0x10106,
-	0x10134, 0x10136,
-	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
-	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
-	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
-	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
-	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
-	0x102d1, 0x102df,
-	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
-	0x10324, 0x1032c,
-	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
-	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
-	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
-	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
-	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
-	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
-	0x104aa, 0x104af,
-	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
-	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
-	0x10528, 0x1052f,
-	0x10564, 0x1056e,
-	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
-	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
-	0x10593, 0x10593,
-	0x10596, 0x10596,
-	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
-	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
-	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
-	0x105bd, 0x105ff,
-	0x10737, 0x1073f,
-	0x10756, 0x1075f,
-	0x10768, 0x1077f,
-	0x10786, 0x10786,
-	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
-	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
-	0x10806, 0x10807,
-	0x10809, 0x10809,
-	0x10836, 0x10836,
-	0x10839, 0x1083b,
-	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
-	0x10856, 0x10856,
-	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
-	0x108b0, 0x108df,
-	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
-	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
-	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
-	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
-	0x10940, 0x1097f,
-	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
-	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
-	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
-	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
-	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
-	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
-	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
-	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
-	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
-	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
-	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
-	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
-	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
-	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
-	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
-	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
-	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
-	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
-	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
-	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
-	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
-	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
-	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
-	0x10d3a, 0x10e5f,
-	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
-	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
-	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
-	0x10eb2, 0x10efc,
-	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
-	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
-	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
-	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
-	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
-	0x1104e, 0x11051,
-	0x11076, 0x1107e,
-	0x110c3, 0x110cc,
-	0x110ce, 0x110cf,
-	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
-	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
-	0x11135, 0x11135,
-	0x11148, 0x1114f,
-	0x11177, 0x1117f,
-	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
-	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
-	0x11212, 0x11212,
-	0x11242, 0x1127f,
-	0x11287, 0x11287,
-	0x11289, 0x11289,
-	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
-	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
-	0x112aa, 0x112af,
-	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
-	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
-	0x11304, 0x11304,
-	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
-	0x11311, 0x11312,
-	0x11329, 0x11329,
-	0x11331, 0x11331,
-	0x11334, 0x11334,
-	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
-	0x11345, 0x11346,
-	0x11349, 0x1134a,
-	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
-	0x11351, 0x11356,
-	0x11358, 0x1135c,
-	0x11364, 0x11365,
-	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
-	0x11375, 0x113ff,
-	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
-	0x11462, 0x1147f,
-	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
-	0x114da, 0x1157f,
-	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
-	0x115de, 0x115ff,
-	0x11645, 0x1164f,
-	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
-	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
-	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
-	0x116ca, 0x116ff,
-	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
-	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
-	0x11747, 0x117ff,
-	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
-	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
-	0x11907, 0x11908,
-	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
-	0x11914, 0x11914,
-	0x11917, 0x11917,
-	0x11936, 0x11936,
-	0x11939, 0x1193a,
-	0x11947, 0x1194f,
-	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
-	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
-	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
-	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
-	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
-	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
-	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
-	0x11b0a, 0x11bff,
-	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
-	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
-	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
-	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
-	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
-	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
-	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
-	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
-	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
-	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
-	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
-	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
-	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
-	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
-	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
-	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
-	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
-	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
-	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
-	0x11daa, 0x11edf,
-	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
-	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
-	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
-	0x11f5a, 0x11faf,
-	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
-	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
-	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
-	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
-	0x12475, 0x1247f,
-	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
-	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
-	0x13456, 0x143ff,
-	0x14647, 0x167ff,
-	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
-	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
-	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
-	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
-	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
-	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
-	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
-	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
-	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
-	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
-	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
-	0x16b90, 0x16e3f,
-	0x16e9b, 0x16eff,
-	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
-	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
-	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
-	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
-	0x16ff2, 0x16fff,
-	0x187f8, 0x187ff,
-	0x18cd6, 0x18cff,
-	0x18d09, 0x1afef,
-	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
-	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
-	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
-	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
-	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
-	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
-	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
-	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
-	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
-	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
-	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
-	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
-	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
-	0x1bca4, 0x1ceff,
-	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
-	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
-	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
-	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
-	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
-	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
-	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
-	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
-	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
-	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
-	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
-	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
-	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
-	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
-	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
-	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
-	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
-	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
-	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
-	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
-	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
-	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
-	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
-	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
-	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
-	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
-	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
-	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
-	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
-	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
-	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
-	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
-	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
-	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
-	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
-	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
-	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
-	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
-	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
-	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
-	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
-	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
-	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
-	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
-	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
-	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
-	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
-	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
-	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
-	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
-	0x1e4fa, 0x1e7df,
-	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
-	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
-	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
-	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
-	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
-	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
-	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
-	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
-	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
-	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
-	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
-	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
-	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
-	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
-	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
-	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
-	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
-	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
-	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
-	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
-	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
-	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
-	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
-	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
-	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
-	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
-	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
-	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
-	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
-	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
-	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
-	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
-	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
-	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
-	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
-	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
-	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
-	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
-	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
-	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
-	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
-	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
-	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
-	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
-	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
-	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
-	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
-	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
-	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
-	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
-	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
-	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
-	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
-	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
-	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
-	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
-	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
-	0x1f6d8, 0x1f6db,
-	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
-	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
-	0x1f777, 0x1f77a,
-	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
-	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
-	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
-	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
-	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
-	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
-	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
-	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
-	0x1f8b2, 0x1f8ff,
-	0x1fa54, 0x1fa5f,
-	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
-	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
-	0x1fa89, 0x1fa8f,
-	0x1fabe, 0x1fabe,
-	0x1fac6, 0x1facd,
-	0x1fadc, 0x1fadf,
-	0x1fae9, 0x1faef,
-	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
-	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
-	0x1fbcb, 0x1fbef,
-	0x1fbfa, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
-	0x2b73a, 0x2b73f,
-	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
-	0x2cea2, 0x2ceaf,
-	0x2ebe1, 0x2f7ff,
-	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
-	0x323b0, 0xe0000,
-	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
-	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0xeffff,
-	0xffffe, 0xfffff,
-	0x10fffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Cn */
-
-/* 'Co': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Co[] = {
-	3,
-	0xe000, 0xf8ff,
-	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
-	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
-}; /* CR_Co */
-
-/* 'Cs': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cs[] = {
-	1,
-	0xd800, 0xdfff,
-}; /* CR_Cs */
-
-/* 'L': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_L[] = {
-	659,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0370, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0620, 0x064a,
-	0x066e, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
-	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x0710,
-	0x0712, 0x072f,
-	0x074d, 0x07a5,
-	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
-	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x0815,
-	0x081a, 0x081a,
-	0x0824, 0x0824,
-	0x0828, 0x0828,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x0904, 0x0939,
-	0x093d, 0x093d,
-	0x0950, 0x0950,
-	0x0958, 0x0961,
-	0x0971, 0x0980,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e1,
-	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
-	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
-	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
-	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
-	0x1000, 0x102a,
-	0x103f, 0x103f,
-	0x1050, 0x1055,
-	0x105a, 0x105d,
-	0x1061, 0x1061,
-	0x1065, 0x1066,
-	0x106e, 0x1070,
-	0x1075, 0x1081,
-	0x108e, 0x108e,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16f1, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1711,
-	0x171f, 0x1731,
-	0x1740, 0x1751,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x1884,
-	0x1887, 0x18a8,
-	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
-	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
-	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2183, 0x2184,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3006,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x303b, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa61f,
-	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6e5,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa801,
-	0xa803, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa80a,
-	0xa80c, 0xa822,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
-	0xa90a, 0xa925,
-	0xa930, 0xa946,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
-	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
-	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
-	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
-	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabe2,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
-	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x10340,
-	0x10342, 0x10349,
-	0x10350, 0x10375,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
-	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11003, 0x11037,
-	0x11071, 0x11072,
-	0x11075, 0x11075,
-	0x11083, 0x110af,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x11103, 0x11126,
-	0x11144, 0x11144,
-	0x11147, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11183, 0x111b2,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111da, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1122b,
-	0x1123f, 0x11240,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112de,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x1135d, 0x11361,
-	0x11400, 0x11434,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114af,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x11580, 0x115ae,
-	0x115d8, 0x115db,
-	0x11600, 0x1162f,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11680, 0x116aa,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1182b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x1192f,
-	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
-	0x11941, 0x11941,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
-	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
-	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
-	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
-	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_L */
-
-/* 'LC': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_LC[] = {
-	143,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x01ba,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bf,
-	0x01c4, 0x0293,
-	0x0295, 0x02af,
-	0x0370, 0x0373,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037b, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1d00, 0x1d2b,
-	0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
-	0x1d79, 0x1d9a,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2134,
-	0x2139, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2183, 0x2184,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c7b,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0xa640, 0xa66d,
-	0xa680, 0xa69b,
-	0xa722, 0xa76f,
-	0xa771, 0xa787,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f6,
-	0xa7fa, 0xa7fa,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab60, 0xab68,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10400, 0x1044f,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
-	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_LC */
-
-/* 'Ll': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ll[] = {
-	658,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00df, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
-	0x0101, 0x0101,
-	0x0103, 0x0103,
-	0x0105, 0x0105,
-	0x0107, 0x0107,
-	0x0109, 0x0109,
-	0x010b, 0x010b,
-	0x010d, 0x010d,
-	0x010f, 0x010f,
-	0x0111, 0x0111,
-	0x0113, 0x0113,
-	0x0115, 0x0115,
-	0x0117, 0x0117,
-	0x0119, 0x0119,
-	0x011b, 0x011b,
-	0x011d, 0x011d,
-	0x011f, 0x011f,
-	0x0121, 0x0121,
-	0x0123, 0x0123,
-	0x0125, 0x0125,
-	0x0127, 0x0127,
-	0x0129, 0x0129,
-	0x012b, 0x012b,
-	0x012d, 0x012d,
-	0x012f, 0x012f,
-	0x0131, 0x0131,
-	0x0133, 0x0133,
-	0x0135, 0x0135,
-	0x0137, 0x0138,
-	0x013a, 0x013a,
-	0x013c, 0x013c,
-	0x013e, 0x013e,
-	0x0140, 0x0140,
-	0x0142, 0x0142,
-	0x0144, 0x0144,
-	0x0146, 0x0146,
-	0x0148, 0x0149,
-	0x014b, 0x014b,
-	0x014d, 0x014d,
-	0x014f, 0x014f,
-	0x0151, 0x0151,
-	0x0153, 0x0153,
-	0x0155, 0x0155,
-	0x0157, 0x0157,
-	0x0159, 0x0159,
-	0x015b, 0x015b,
-	0x015d, 0x015d,
-	0x015f, 0x015f,
-	0x0161, 0x0161,
-	0x0163, 0x0163,
-	0x0165, 0x0165,
-	0x0167, 0x0167,
-	0x0169, 0x0169,
-	0x016b, 0x016b,
-	0x016d, 0x016d,
-	0x016f, 0x016f,
-	0x0171, 0x0171,
-	0x0173, 0x0173,
-	0x0175, 0x0175,
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-	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
-	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
-	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
-	0xa7fa, 0xa7fa,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab60, 0xab68,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10428, 0x1044f,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118c0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1d41a, 0x1d433,
-	0x1d44e, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d467,
-	0x1d482, 0x1d49b,
-	0x1d4b6, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d4cf,
-	0x1d4ea, 0x1d503,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d537,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d56b,
-	0x1d586, 0x1d59f,
-	0x1d5ba, 0x1d5d3,
-	0x1d5ee, 0x1d607,
-	0x1d622, 0x1d63b,
-	0x1d656, 0x1d66f,
-	0x1d68a, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6e1,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d71b,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d755,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d78f,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7cb, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
-	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_Ll */
-
-/* 'Lm': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lm[] = {
-	71,
-	0x02b0, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0374, 0x0374,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0640, 0x0640,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x081a, 0x081a,
-	0x0824, 0x0824,
-	0x0828, 0x0828,
-	0x08c9, 0x08c9,
-	0x0971, 0x0971,
-	0x0e46, 0x0e46,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x1843, 0x1843,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
-	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
-	0x1d9b, 0x1dbf,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3005,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x303b, 0x303b,
-	0x309d, 0x309e,
-	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
-	0xa015, 0xa015,
-	0xa4f8, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
-	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
-	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa770, 0xa770,
-	0xa788, 0xa788,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7f4,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9e6,
-	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
-	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
-	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
-	0xab5c, 0xab5f,
-	0xab69, 0xab69,
-	0xff70, 0xff70,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e4eb, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-}; /* CR_Lm */
-
-/* 'Lo': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lo[] = {
-	510,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x01bb, 0x01bb,
-	0x01c0, 0x01c3,
-	0x0294, 0x0294,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0620, 0x063f,
-	0x0641, 0x064a,
-	0x066e, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
-	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
-	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x0710,
-	0x0712, 0x072f,
-	0x074d, 0x07a5,
-	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
-	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
-	0x0800, 0x0815,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c8,
-	0x0904, 0x0939,
-	0x093d, 0x093d,
-	0x0950, 0x0950,
-	0x0958, 0x0961,
-	0x0972, 0x0980,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e1,
-	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
-	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e45,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
-	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
-	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
-	0x1000, 0x102a,
-	0x103f, 0x103f,
-	0x1050, 0x1055,
-	0x105a, 0x105d,
-	0x1061, 0x1061,
-	0x1065, 0x1066,
-	0x106e, 0x1070,
-	0x1075, 0x1081,
-	0x108e, 0x108e,
-	0x1100, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16f1, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1711,
-	0x171f, 0x1731,
-	0x1740, 0x1751,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x1820, 0x1842,
-	0x1844, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x1884,
-	0x1887, 0x18a8,
-	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
-	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
-	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
-	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-	0x1c5a, 0x1c77,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x2135, 0x2138,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x3006, 0x3006,
-	0x303c, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309f, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30ff, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa014,
-	0xa016, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4f7,
-	0xa500, 0xa60b,
-	0xa610, 0xa61f,
-	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
-	0xa66e, 0xa66e,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6e5,
-	0xa78f, 0xa78f,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa7f7,
-	0xa7fb, 0xa801,
-	0xa803, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa80a,
-	0xa80c, 0xa822,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
-	0xa90a, 0xa925,
-	0xa930, 0xa946,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
-	0xa9e7, 0xa9ef,
-	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
-	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa6f,
-	0xaa71, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
-	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
-	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadc,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf2,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xabc0, 0xabe2,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
-	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff66, 0xff6f,
-	0xff71, 0xff9d,
-	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x10340,
-	0x10342, 0x10349,
-	0x10350, 0x10375,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x10450, 0x1049d,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
-	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11003, 0x11037,
-	0x11071, 0x11072,
-	0x11075, 0x11075,
-	0x11083, 0x110af,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x11103, 0x11126,
-	0x11144, 0x11144,
-	0x11147, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11183, 0x111b2,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111da, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1122b,
-	0x1123f, 0x11240,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112de,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x1135d, 0x11361,
-	0x11400, 0x11434,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114af,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x11580, 0x115ae,
-	0x115d8, 0x115db,
-	0x11600, 0x1162f,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11680, 0x116aa,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1182b,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x1192f,
-	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
-	0x11941, 0x11941,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
-	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
-	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
-	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1df0a, 0x1df0a,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4ea,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Lo */
-
-/* 'Lt': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lt[] = {
-	10,
-	0x01c5, 0x01c5,
-	0x01c8, 0x01c8,
-	0x01cb, 0x01cb,
-	0x01f2, 0x01f2,
-	0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
-	0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
-	0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
-	0x1fbc, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fcc, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1ffc, 0x1ffc,
-}; /* CR_Lt */
-
-/* 'Lu': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lu[] = {
-	646,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00de,
-	0x0100, 0x0100,
-	0x0102, 0x0102,
-	0x0104, 0x0104,
-	0x0106, 0x0106,
-	0x0108, 0x0108,
-	0x010a, 0x010a,
-	0x010c, 0x010c,
-	0x010e, 0x010e,
-	0x0110, 0x0110,
-	0x0112, 0x0112,
-	0x0114, 0x0114,
-	0x0116, 0x0116,
-	0x0118, 0x0118,
-	0x011a, 0x011a,
-	0x011c, 0x011c,
-	0x011e, 0x011e,
-	0x0120, 0x0120,
-	0x0122, 0x0122,
-	0x0124, 0x0124,
-	0x0126, 0x0126,
-	0x0128, 0x0128,
-	0x012a, 0x012a,
-	0x012c, 0x012c,
-	0x012e, 0x012e,
-	0x0130, 0x0130,
-	0x0132, 0x0132,
-	0x0134, 0x0134,
-	0x0136, 0x0136,
-	0x0139, 0x0139,
-	0x013b, 0x013b,
-	0x013d, 0x013d,
-	0x013f, 0x013f,
-	0x0141, 0x0141,
-	0x0143, 0x0143,
-	0x0145, 0x0145,
-	0x0147, 0x0147,
-	0x014a, 0x014a,
-	0x014c, 0x014c,
-	0x014e, 0x014e,
-	0x0150, 0x0150,
-	0x0152, 0x0152,
-	0x0154, 0x0154,
-	0x0156, 0x0156,
-	0x0158, 0x0158,
-	0x015a, 0x015a,
-	0x015c, 0x015c,
-	0x015e, 0x015e,
-	0x0160, 0x0160,
-	0x0162, 0x0162,
-	0x0164, 0x0164,
-	0x0166, 0x0166,
-	0x0168, 0x0168,
-	0x016a, 0x016a,
-	0x016c, 0x016c,
-	0x016e, 0x016e,
-	0x0170, 0x0170,
-	0x0172, 0x0172,
-	0x0174, 0x0174,
-	0x0176, 0x0176,
-	0x0178, 0x0179,
-	0x017b, 0x017b,
-	0x017d, 0x017d,
-	0x0181, 0x0182,
-	0x0184, 0x0184,
-	0x0186, 0x0187,
-	0x0189, 0x018b,
-	0x018e, 0x0191,
-	0x0193, 0x0194,
-	0x0196, 0x0198,
-	0x019c, 0x019d,
-	0x019f, 0x01a0,
-	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
-	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
-	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
-	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
-	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
-	0x01ae, 0x01af,
-	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
-	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
-	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
-	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
-	0x01c7, 0x01c7,
-	0x01ca, 0x01ca,
-	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
-	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
-	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
-	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
-	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
-	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
-	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
-	0x01db, 0x01db,
-	0x01de, 0x01de,
-	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
-	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
-	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
-	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
-	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
-	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
-	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
-	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
-	0x01f1, 0x01f1,
-	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
-	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
-	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
-	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
-	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
-	0x0200, 0x0200,
-	0x0202, 0x0202,
-	0x0204, 0x0204,
-	0x0206, 0x0206,
-	0x0208, 0x0208,
-	0x020a, 0x020a,
-	0x020c, 0x020c,
-	0x020e, 0x020e,
-	0x0210, 0x0210,
-	0x0212, 0x0212,
-	0x0214, 0x0214,
-	0x0216, 0x0216,
-	0x0218, 0x0218,
-	0x021a, 0x021a,
-	0x021c, 0x021c,
-	0x021e, 0x021e,
-	0x0220, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0222,
-	0x0224, 0x0224,
-	0x0226, 0x0226,
-	0x0228, 0x0228,
-	0x022a, 0x022a,
-	0x022c, 0x022c,
-	0x022e, 0x022e,
-	0x0230, 0x0230,
-	0x0232, 0x0232,
-	0x023a, 0x023b,
-	0x023d, 0x023e,
-	0x0241, 0x0241,
-	0x0243, 0x0246,
-	0x0248, 0x0248,
-	0x024a, 0x024a,
-	0x024c, 0x024c,
-	0x024e, 0x024e,
-	0x0370, 0x0370,
-	0x0372, 0x0372,
-	0x0376, 0x0376,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x038f,
-	0x0391, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
-	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
-	0x03d2, 0x03d4,
-	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
-	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
-	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
-	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
-	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
-	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
-	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
-	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
-	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
-	0x03fd, 0x042f,
-	0x0460, 0x0460,
-	0x0462, 0x0462,
-	0x0464, 0x0464,
-	0x0466, 0x0466,
-	0x0468, 0x0468,
-	0x046a, 0x046a,
-	0x046c, 0x046c,
-	0x046e, 0x046e,
-	0x0470, 0x0470,
-	0x0472, 0x0472,
-	0x0474, 0x0474,
-	0x0476, 0x0476,
-	0x0478, 0x0478,
-	0x047a, 0x047a,
-	0x047c, 0x047c,
-	0x047e, 0x047e,
-	0x0480, 0x0480,
-	0x048a, 0x048a,
-	0x048c, 0x048c,
-	0x048e, 0x048e,
-	0x0490, 0x0490,
-	0x0492, 0x0492,
-	0x0494, 0x0494,
-	0x0496, 0x0496,
-	0x0498, 0x0498,
-	0x049a, 0x049a,
-	0x049c, 0x049c,
-	0x049e, 0x049e,
-	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
-	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
-	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
-	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
-	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
-	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
-	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
-	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
-	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
-	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
-	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
-	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
-	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
-	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
-	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
-	0x04be, 0x04be,
-	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
-	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
-	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
-	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
-	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
-	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
-	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
-	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
-	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
-	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
-	0x04da, 0x04da,
-	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
-	0x04de, 0x04de,
-	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
-	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
-	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
-	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
-	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
-	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
-	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
-	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
-	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
-	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
-	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
-	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
-	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
-	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
-	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
-	0x0500, 0x0500,
-	0x0502, 0x0502,
-	0x0504, 0x0504,
-	0x0506, 0x0506,
-	0x0508, 0x0508,
-	0x050a, 0x050a,
-	0x050c, 0x050c,
-	0x050e, 0x050e,
-	0x0510, 0x0510,
-	0x0512, 0x0512,
-	0x0514, 0x0514,
-	0x0516, 0x0516,
-	0x0518, 0x0518,
-	0x051a, 0x051a,
-	0x051c, 0x051c,
-	0x051e, 0x051e,
-	0x0520, 0x0520,
-	0x0522, 0x0522,
-	0x0524, 0x0524,
-	0x0526, 0x0526,
-	0x0528, 0x0528,
-	0x052a, 0x052a,
-	0x052c, 0x052c,
-	0x052e, 0x052e,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
-	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
-	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
-	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
-	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
-	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
-	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
-	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
-	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
-	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
-	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
-	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
-	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
-	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
-	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
-	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
-	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
-	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
-	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
-	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
-	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
-	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
-	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
-	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
-	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
-	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
-	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
-	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
-	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
-	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
-	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
-	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
-	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
-	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
-	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
-	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
-	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
-	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
-	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
-	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
-	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
-	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
-	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
-	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
-	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
-	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
-	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
-	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
-	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
-	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
-	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
-	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
-	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
-	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
-	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
-	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
-	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
-	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
-	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
-	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
-	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
-	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
-	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
-	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
-	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
-	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
-	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
-	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
-	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
-	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
-	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
-	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
-	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
-	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
-	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
-	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
-	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
-	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
-	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
-	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
-	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
-	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
-	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
-	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
-	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
-	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
-	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
-	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
-	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
-	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
-	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
-	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
-	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
-	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
-	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
-	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
-	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
-	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
-	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
-	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
-	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
-	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
-	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
-	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
-	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
-	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
-	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
-	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
-	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
-	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
-	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
-	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
-	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
-	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
-	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
-	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
-	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
-	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
-	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
-	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
-	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
-	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
-	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
-	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
-	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
-	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
-	0x1fb8, 0x1fbb,
-	0x1fc8, 0x1fcb,
-	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff8, 0x1ffb,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210b, 0x210d,
-	0x2110, 0x2112,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x2130, 0x2133,
-	0x213e, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2145,
-	0x2183, 0x2183,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
-	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
-	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
-	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
-	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
-	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
-	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
-	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
-	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
-	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
-	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
-	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
-	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
-	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
-	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
-	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
-	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
-	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
-	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
-	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
-	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
-	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
-	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
-	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
-	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
-	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
-	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
-	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
-	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
-	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
-	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
-	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
-	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
-	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
-	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
-	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
-	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
-	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
-	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
-	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
-	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
-	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
-	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
-	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
-	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
-	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
-	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
-	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
-	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
-	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
-	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
-	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
-	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
-	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
-	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
-	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
-	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
-	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
-	0xa640, 0xa640,
-	0xa642, 0xa642,
-	0xa644, 0xa644,
-	0xa646, 0xa646,
-	0xa648, 0xa648,
-	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
-	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
-	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
-	0xa650, 0xa650,
-	0xa652, 0xa652,
-	0xa654, 0xa654,
-	0xa656, 0xa656,
-	0xa658, 0xa658,
-	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
-	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
-	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
-	0xa660, 0xa660,
-	0xa662, 0xa662,
-	0xa664, 0xa664,
-	0xa666, 0xa666,
-	0xa668, 0xa668,
-	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
-	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
-	0xa680, 0xa680,
-	0xa682, 0xa682,
-	0xa684, 0xa684,
-	0xa686, 0xa686,
-	0xa688, 0xa688,
-	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
-	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
-	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
-	0xa690, 0xa690,
-	0xa692, 0xa692,
-	0xa694, 0xa694,
-	0xa696, 0xa696,
-	0xa698, 0xa698,
-	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
-	0xa722, 0xa722,
-	0xa724, 0xa724,
-	0xa726, 0xa726,
-	0xa728, 0xa728,
-	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
-	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
-	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
-	0xa732, 0xa732,
-	0xa734, 0xa734,
-	0xa736, 0xa736,
-	0xa738, 0xa738,
-	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
-	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
-	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
-	0xa740, 0xa740,
-	0xa742, 0xa742,
-	0xa744, 0xa744,
-	0xa746, 0xa746,
-	0xa748, 0xa748,
-	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
-	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
-	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
-	0xa750, 0xa750,
-	0xa752, 0xa752,
-	0xa754, 0xa754,
-	0xa756, 0xa756,
-	0xa758, 0xa758,
-	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
-	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
-	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
-	0xa760, 0xa760,
-	0xa762, 0xa762,
-	0xa764, 0xa764,
-	0xa766, 0xa766,
-	0xa768, 0xa768,
-	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
-	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
-	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
-	0xa779, 0xa779,
-	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
-	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
-	0xa780, 0xa780,
-	0xa782, 0xa782,
-	0xa784, 0xa784,
-	0xa786, 0xa786,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
-	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
-	0xa790, 0xa790,
-	0xa792, 0xa792,
-	0xa796, 0xa796,
-	0xa798, 0xa798,
-	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
-	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
-	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
-	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
-	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
-	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
-	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
-	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
-	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
-	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
-	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
-	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
-	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
-	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
-	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
-	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
-	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
-	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0x10400, 0x10427,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d419,
-	0x1d434, 0x1d44d,
-	0x1d468, 0x1d481,
-	0x1d49c, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b5,
-	0x1d4d0, 0x1d4e9,
-	0x1d504, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d538, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d56c, 0x1d585,
-	0x1d5a0, 0x1d5b9,
-	0x1d5d4, 0x1d5ed,
-	0x1d608, 0x1d621,
-	0x1d63c, 0x1d655,
-	0x1d670, 0x1d689,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6e2, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d71c, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d756, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d790, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7ca, 0x1d7ca,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
-}; /* CR_Lu */
-
-/* 'M': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_M[] = {
-	310,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-	0x0483, 0x0489,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x064b, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e4,
-	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0816, 0x0819,
-	0x081b, 0x0823,
-	0x0825, 0x0827,
-	0x0829, 0x082d,
-	0x0859, 0x085b,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0903,
-	0x093a, 0x093c,
-	0x093e, 0x094f,
-	0x0951, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0abe, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x102b, 0x103e,
-	0x1056, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1062, 0x1064,
-	0x1067, 0x106d,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x108d,
-	0x108f, 0x108f,
-	0x109a, 0x109d,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1712, 0x1715,
-	0x1732, 0x1734,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b4, 0x17d3,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x180f,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a55, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b04,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b44,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b82,
-	0x1ba1, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be6, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c24, 0x1c37,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf7, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x302a, 0x302f,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0xa66f, 0xa672,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa823, 0xa827,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa880, 0xa881,
-	0xa8b4, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92d,
-	0xa947, 0xa953,
-	0xa980, 0xa983,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9c0,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
-	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
-	0xaaeb, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf5, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabe3, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11000, 0x11002,
-	0x11038, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x1107f, 0x11082,
-	0x110b0, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x11134,
-	0x11145, 0x11146,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x11180, 0x11182,
-	0x111b3, 0x111c0,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122c, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112ea,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
-	0x1133e, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x11362, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11435, 0x11446,
-	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
-	0x114b0, 0x114c3,
-	0x115af, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11630, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116b7,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x1182c, 0x1183a,
-	0x11930, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193e,
-	0x11940, 0x11940,
-	0x11942, 0x11943,
-	0x119d1, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e0,
-	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a33, 0x11a39,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c2f, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d97,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
-	0x11f34, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
-	0x13440, 0x13440,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_M */
-
-/* 'Mc': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mc[] = {
-	182,
-	0x0903, 0x0903,
-	0x093b, 0x093b,
-	0x093e, 0x0940,
-	0x0949, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x094f,
-	0x0982, 0x0983,
-	0x09be, 0x09c0,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
-	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
-	0x0abe, 0x0ac0,
-	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b3e,
-	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0b57, 0x0b57,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bbf,
-	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cbe,
-	0x0cc0, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc7, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccb,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d40,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd1,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
-	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
-	0x102b, 0x102c,
-	0x1031, 0x1031,
-	0x1038, 0x1038,
-	0x103b, 0x103c,
-	0x1056, 0x1057,
-	0x1062, 0x1064,
-	0x1067, 0x106d,
-	0x1083, 0x1084,
-	0x1087, 0x108c,
-	0x108f, 0x108f,
-	0x109a, 0x109c,
-	0x1715, 0x1715,
-	0x1734, 0x1734,
-	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
-	0x17be, 0x17c5,
-	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
-	0x1923, 0x1926,
-	0x1929, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1931,
-	0x1933, 0x1938,
-	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
-	0x1a55, 0x1a55,
-	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
-	0x1a61, 0x1a61,
-	0x1a63, 0x1a64,
-	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
-	0x1b04, 0x1b04,
-	0x1b35, 0x1b35,
-	0x1b3b, 0x1b3b,
-	0x1b3d, 0x1b41,
-	0x1b43, 0x1b44,
-	0x1b82, 0x1b82,
-	0x1ba1, 0x1ba1,
-	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
-	0x1baa, 0x1baa,
-	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
-	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
-	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
-	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c24, 0x1c2b,
-	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
-	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
-	0x1cf7, 0x1cf7,
-	0x302e, 0x302f,
-	0xa823, 0xa824,
-	0xa827, 0xa827,
-	0xa880, 0xa881,
-	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa952, 0xa953,
-	0xa983, 0xa983,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
-	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
-	0xa9be, 0xa9c0,
-	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
-	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
-	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa7b, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa7d, 0xaa7d,
-	0xaaeb, 0xaaeb,
-	0xaaee, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
-	0xabe3, 0xabe4,
-	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
-	0xabe9, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabec,
-	0x11000, 0x11000,
-	0x11002, 0x11002,
-	0x11082, 0x11082,
-	0x110b0, 0x110b2,
-	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
-	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
-	0x11145, 0x11146,
-	0x11182, 0x11182,
-	0x111b3, 0x111b5,
-	0x111bf, 0x111c0,
-	0x111ce, 0x111ce,
-	0x1122c, 0x1122e,
-	0x11232, 0x11233,
-	0x11235, 0x11235,
-	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
-	0x11302, 0x11303,
-	0x1133e, 0x1133f,
-	0x11341, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x11362, 0x11363,
-	0x11435, 0x11437,
-	0x11440, 0x11441,
-	0x11445, 0x11445,
-	0x114b0, 0x114b2,
-	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
-	0x114bb, 0x114be,
-	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
-	0x115af, 0x115b1,
-	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
-	0x115be, 0x115be,
-	0x11630, 0x11632,
-	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
-	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
-	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
-	0x116ae, 0x116af,
-	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
-	0x11720, 0x11721,
-	0x11726, 0x11726,
-	0x1182c, 0x1182e,
-	0x11838, 0x11838,
-	0x11930, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193d, 0x1193d,
-	0x11940, 0x11940,
-	0x11942, 0x11942,
-	0x119d1, 0x119d3,
-	0x119dc, 0x119df,
-	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a39, 0x11a39,
-	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
-	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
-	0x11c2f, 0x11c2f,
-	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
-	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
-	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
-	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
-	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
-	0x11ef5, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
-	0x11f34, 0x11f35,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
-	0x11f41, 0x11f41,
-	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d166,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-}; /* CR_Mc */
-
-/* 'Me': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Me[] = {
-	5,
-	0x0488, 0x0489,
-	0x1abe, 0x1abe,
-	0x20dd, 0x20e0,
-	0x20e2, 0x20e4,
-	0xa670, 0xa672,
-}; /* CR_Me */
-
-/* 'Mn': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mn[] = {
-	346,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-	0x0483, 0x0487,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x064b, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e4,
-	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0816, 0x0819,
-	0x081b, 0x0823,
-	0x0825, 0x0827,
-	0x0829, 0x082d,
-	0x0859, 0x085b,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0902,
-	0x093a, 0x093a,
-	0x093c, 0x093c,
-	0x0941, 0x0948,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x0951, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0981, 0x0981,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b3f, 0x0b3f,
-	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b56,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
-	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
-	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
-	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x102d, 0x1030,
-	0x1032, 0x1037,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x103d, 0x103e,
-	0x1058, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x1082,
-	0x1085, 0x1086,
-	0x108d, 0x108d,
-	0x109d, 0x109d,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1712, 0x1714,
-	0x1732, 0x1733,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
-	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
-	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x180f,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x1922,
-	0x1927, 0x1928,
-	0x1932, 0x1932,
-	0x1939, 0x193b,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
-	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
-	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
-	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
-	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
-	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
-	0x1b36, 0x1b3a,
-	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
-	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
-	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
-	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
-	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
-	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
-	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
-	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
-	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
-	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x302a, 0x302d,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0xa66f, 0xa66f,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa825, 0xa826,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92d,
-	0xa947, 0xa951,
-	0xa980, 0xa982,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
-	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
-	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
-	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
-	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
-	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
-	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
-	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
-	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
-	0xabed, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11001, 0x11001,
-	0x11038, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x1107f, 0x11081,
-	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
-	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x1112b,
-	0x1112d, 0x11134,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x11180, 0x11181,
-	0x111b6, 0x111be,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122f, 0x11231,
-	0x11234, 0x11234,
-	0x11236, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112df,
-	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
-	0x11300, 0x11301,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
-	0x11340, 0x11340,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11438, 0x1143f,
-	0x11442, 0x11444,
-	0x11446, 0x11446,
-	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
-	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
-	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
-	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
-	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
-	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
-	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11633, 0x1163a,
-	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
-	0x1163f, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
-	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
-	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
-	0x1171d, 0x1171f,
-	0x11722, 0x11725,
-	0x11727, 0x1172b,
-	0x1182f, 0x11837,
-	0x11839, 0x1183a,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
-	0x11943, 0x11943,
-	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119db,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
-	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
-	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
-	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
-	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
-	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
-	0x13440, 0x13440,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Mn */
-
-/* 'N': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_N[] = {
-	137,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x00b2, 0x00b3,
-	0x00b9, 0x00b9,
-	0x00bc, 0x00be,
-	0x0660, 0x0669,
-	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
-	0x07c0, 0x07c9,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x09e6, 0x09ef,
-	0x09f4, 0x09f9,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0b72, 0x0b77,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7e,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d58, 0x0d5e,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d78,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f33,
-	0x1040, 0x1049,
-	0x1090, 0x1099,
-	0x1369, 0x137c,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f0,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1946, 0x194f,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1bb0, 0x1bb9,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c50, 0x1c59,
-	0x2070, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x2079,
-	0x2080, 0x2089,
-	0x2150, 0x2182,
-	0x2185, 0x2189,
-	0x2460, 0x249b,
-	0x24ea, 0x24ff,
-	0x2776, 0x2793,
-	0x2cfd, 0x2cfd,
-	0x3007, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3038, 0x303a,
-	0x3192, 0x3195,
-	0x3220, 0x3229,
-	0x3248, 0x324f,
-	0x3251, 0x325f,
-	0x3280, 0x3289,
-	0x32b1, 0x32bf,
-	0xa620, 0xa629,
-	0xa6e6, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa830, 0xa835,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa900, 0xa909,
-	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9f0, 0xa9f9,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10140, 0x10178,
-	0x1018a, 0x1018b,
-	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10341, 0x10341,
-	0x1034a, 0x1034a,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10858, 0x1085f,
-	0x10879, 0x1087f,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
-	0x10916, 0x1091b,
-	0x109bc, 0x109bd,
-	0x109c0, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
-	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a7d, 0x10a7e,
-	0x10a9d, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10aef,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10f1d, 0x10f26,
-	0x10f51, 0x10f54,
-	0x10fc5, 0x10fcb,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11730, 0x1173b,
-	0x118e0, 0x118f2,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11fd4,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16e80, 0x16e96,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecab,
-	0x1ecad, 0x1ecaf,
-	0x1ecb1, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed2d,
-	0x1ed2f, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-}; /* CR_N */
-
-/* 'Nd': General Category */
-#define CR_Nd CR_Digit
-
-/* 'Nl': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nl[] = {
-	12,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f0,
-	0x2160, 0x2182,
-	0x2185, 0x2188,
-	0x3007, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3038, 0x303a,
-	0xa6e6, 0xa6ef,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x10341, 0x10341,
-	0x1034a, 0x1034a,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-}; /* CR_Nl */
-
-/* 'No': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_No[] = {
-	72,
-	0x00b2, 0x00b3,
-	0x00b9, 0x00b9,
-	0x00bc, 0x00be,
-	0x09f4, 0x09f9,
-	0x0b72, 0x0b77,
-	0x0bf0, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7e,
-	0x0d58, 0x0d5e,
-	0x0d70, 0x0d78,
-	0x0f2a, 0x0f33,
-	0x1369, 0x137c,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x19da, 0x19da,
-	0x2070, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x2079,
-	0x2080, 0x2089,
-	0x2150, 0x215f,
-	0x2189, 0x2189,
-	0x2460, 0x249b,
-	0x24ea, 0x24ff,
-	0x2776, 0x2793,
-	0x2cfd, 0x2cfd,
-	0x3192, 0x3195,
-	0x3220, 0x3229,
-	0x3248, 0x324f,
-	0x3251, 0x325f,
-	0x3280, 0x3289,
-	0x32b1, 0x32bf,
-	0xa830, 0xa835,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10175, 0x10178,
-	0x1018a, 0x1018b,
-	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10858, 0x1085f,
-	0x10879, 0x1087f,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
-	0x10916, 0x1091b,
-	0x109bc, 0x109bd,
-	0x109c0, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
-	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a7d, 0x10a7e,
-	0x10a9d, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10aef,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10f1d, 0x10f26,
-	0x10f51, 0x10f54,
-	0x10fc5, 0x10fcb,
-	0x11052, 0x11065,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x1173a, 0x1173b,
-	0x118ea, 0x118f2,
-	0x11c5a, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11fd4,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16e80, 0x16e96,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecab,
-	0x1ecad, 0x1ecaf,
-	0x1ecb1, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed2d,
-	0x1ed2f, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-}; /* CR_No */
-
-/* 'P': Major Category */
-#define CR_P CR_Punct
-
-/* 'Pc': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pc[] = {
-	6,
-	0x005f, 0x005f,
-	0x203f, 0x2040,
-	0x2054, 0x2054,
-	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
-	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-}; /* CR_Pc */
-
-/* 'Pd': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pd[] = {
-	19,
-	0x002d, 0x002d,
-	0x058a, 0x058a,
-	0x05be, 0x05be,
-	0x1400, 0x1400,
-	0x1806, 0x1806,
-	0x2010, 0x2015,
-	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
-	0x2e1a, 0x2e1a,
-	0x2e3a, 0x2e3b,
-	0x2e40, 0x2e40,
-	0x2e5d, 0x2e5d,
-	0x301c, 0x301c,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
-	0xfe31, 0xfe32,
-	0xfe58, 0xfe58,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
-	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
-}; /* CR_Pd */
-
-/* 'Pe': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pe[] = {
-	76,
-	0x0029, 0x0029,
-	0x005d, 0x005d,
-	0x007d, 0x007d,
-	0x0f3b, 0x0f3b,
-	0x0f3d, 0x0f3d,
-	0x169c, 0x169c,
-	0x2046, 0x2046,
-	0x207e, 0x207e,
-	0x208e, 0x208e,
-	0x2309, 0x2309,
-	0x230b, 0x230b,
-	0x232a, 0x232a,
-	0x2769, 0x2769,
-	0x276b, 0x276b,
-	0x276d, 0x276d,
-	0x276f, 0x276f,
-	0x2771, 0x2771,
-	0x2773, 0x2773,
-	0x2775, 0x2775,
-	0x27c6, 0x27c6,
-	0x27e7, 0x27e7,
-	0x27e9, 0x27e9,
-	0x27eb, 0x27eb,
-	0x27ed, 0x27ed,
-	0x27ef, 0x27ef,
-	0x2984, 0x2984,
-	0x2986, 0x2986,
-	0x2988, 0x2988,
-	0x298a, 0x298a,
-	0x298c, 0x298c,
-	0x298e, 0x298e,
-	0x2990, 0x2990,
-	0x2992, 0x2992,
-	0x2994, 0x2994,
-	0x2996, 0x2996,
-	0x2998, 0x2998,
-	0x29d9, 0x29d9,
-	0x29db, 0x29db,
-	0x29fd, 0x29fd,
-	0x2e23, 0x2e23,
-	0x2e25, 0x2e25,
-	0x2e27, 0x2e27,
-	0x2e29, 0x2e29,
-	0x2e56, 0x2e56,
-	0x2e58, 0x2e58,
-	0x2e5a, 0x2e5a,
-	0x2e5c, 0x2e5c,
-	0x3009, 0x3009,
-	0x300b, 0x300b,
-	0x300d, 0x300d,
-	0x300f, 0x300f,
-	0x3011, 0x3011,
-	0x3015, 0x3015,
-	0x3017, 0x3017,
-	0x3019, 0x3019,
-	0x301b, 0x301b,
-	0x301e, 0x301f,
-	0xfd3e, 0xfd3e,
-	0xfe18, 0xfe18,
-	0xfe36, 0xfe36,
-	0xfe38, 0xfe38,
-	0xfe3a, 0xfe3a,
-	0xfe3c, 0xfe3c,
-	0xfe3e, 0xfe3e,
-	0xfe40, 0xfe40,
-	0xfe42, 0xfe42,
-	0xfe44, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe48, 0xfe48,
-	0xfe5a, 0xfe5a,
-	0xfe5c, 0xfe5c,
-	0xfe5e, 0xfe5e,
-	0xff09, 0xff09,
-	0xff3d, 0xff3d,
-	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
-	0xff60, 0xff60,
-	0xff63, 0xff63,
-}; /* CR_Pe */
-
-/* 'Pf': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pf[] = {
-	10,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
-	0x2019, 0x2019,
-	0x201d, 0x201d,
-	0x203a, 0x203a,
-	0x2e03, 0x2e03,
-	0x2e05, 0x2e05,
-	0x2e0a, 0x2e0a,
-	0x2e0d, 0x2e0d,
-	0x2e1d, 0x2e1d,
-	0x2e21, 0x2e21,
-}; /* CR_Pf */
-
-/* 'Pi': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pi[] = {
-	11,
-	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
-	0x2018, 0x2018,
-	0x201b, 0x201c,
-	0x201f, 0x201f,
-	0x2039, 0x2039,
-	0x2e02, 0x2e02,
-	0x2e04, 0x2e04,
-	0x2e09, 0x2e09,
-	0x2e0c, 0x2e0c,
-	0x2e1c, 0x2e1c,
-	0x2e20, 0x2e20,
-}; /* CR_Pi */
-
-/* 'Po': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Po[] = {
-	187,
-	0x0021, 0x0023,
-	0x0025, 0x0027,
-	0x002a, 0x002a,
-	0x002c, 0x002c,
-	0x002e, 0x002f,
-	0x003a, 0x003b,
-	0x003f, 0x0040,
-	0x005c, 0x005c,
-	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
-	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
-	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
-	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x055a, 0x055f,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
-	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
-	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
-	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
-	0x0609, 0x060a,
-	0x060c, 0x060d,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061d, 0x061f,
-	0x066a, 0x066d,
-	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x0970, 0x0970,
-	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
-	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
-	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
-	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
-	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
-	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
-	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
-	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
-	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
-	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
-	0x104a, 0x104f,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1360, 0x1368,
-	0x166e, 0x166e,
-	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
-	0x17d8, 0x17da,
-	0x1800, 0x1805,
-	0x1807, 0x180a,
-	0x1944, 0x1945,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
-	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
-	0x1b7d, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
-	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
-	0x2016, 0x2017,
-	0x2020, 0x2027,
-	0x2030, 0x2038,
-	0x203b, 0x203e,
-	0x2041, 0x2043,
-	0x2047, 0x2051,
-	0x2053, 0x2053,
-	0x2055, 0x205e,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
-	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
-	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e01,
-	0x2e06, 0x2e08,
-	0x2e0b, 0x2e0b,
-	0x2e0e, 0x2e16,
-	0x2e18, 0x2e19,
-	0x2e1b, 0x2e1b,
-	0x2e1e, 0x2e1f,
-	0x2e2a, 0x2e2e,
-	0x2e30, 0x2e39,
-	0x2e3c, 0x2e3f,
-	0x2e41, 0x2e41,
-	0x2e43, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e52, 0x2e54,
-	0x3001, 0x3003,
-	0x303d, 0x303d,
-	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
-	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
-	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
-	0xa673, 0xa673,
-	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
-	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa874, 0xa877,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
-	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
-	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
-	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
-	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
-	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
-	0xaade, 0xaadf,
-	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
-	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe16,
-	0xfe19, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe30,
-	0xfe45, 0xfe46,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe4c,
-	0xfe50, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe57,
-	0xfe5f, 0xfe61,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
-	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
-	0xff01, 0xff03,
-	0xff05, 0xff07,
-	0xff0a, 0xff0a,
-	0xff0c, 0xff0c,
-	0xff0e, 0xff0f,
-	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
-	0xff1f, 0xff20,
-	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
-	0xff61, 0xff61,
-	0xff64, 0xff65,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10857, 0x10857,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x11047, 0x1104d,
-	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x11140, 0x11143,
-	0x11174, 0x11175,
-	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111db, 0x111db,
-	0x111dd, 0x111df,
-	0x11238, 0x1123d,
-	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
-	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
-	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
-	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
-	0x11641, 0x11643,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
-	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
-	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
-	0x11944, 0x11946,
-	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
-	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
-	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
-	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
-	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
-	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
-	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-}; /* CR_Po */
-
-/* 'Ps': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ps[] = {
-	79,
-	0x0028, 0x0028,
-	0x005b, 0x005b,
-	0x007b, 0x007b,
-	0x0f3a, 0x0f3a,
-	0x0f3c, 0x0f3c,
-	0x169b, 0x169b,
-	0x201a, 0x201a,
-	0x201e, 0x201e,
-	0x2045, 0x2045,
-	0x207d, 0x207d,
-	0x208d, 0x208d,
-	0x2308, 0x2308,
-	0x230a, 0x230a,
-	0x2329, 0x2329,
-	0x2768, 0x2768,
-	0x276a, 0x276a,
-	0x276c, 0x276c,
-	0x276e, 0x276e,
-	0x2770, 0x2770,
-	0x2772, 0x2772,
-	0x2774, 0x2774,
-	0x27c5, 0x27c5,
-	0x27e6, 0x27e6,
-	0x27e8, 0x27e8,
-	0x27ea, 0x27ea,
-	0x27ec, 0x27ec,
-	0x27ee, 0x27ee,
-	0x2983, 0x2983,
-	0x2985, 0x2985,
-	0x2987, 0x2987,
-	0x2989, 0x2989,
-	0x298b, 0x298b,
-	0x298d, 0x298d,
-	0x298f, 0x298f,
-	0x2991, 0x2991,
-	0x2993, 0x2993,
-	0x2995, 0x2995,
-	0x2997, 0x2997,
-	0x29d8, 0x29d8,
-	0x29da, 0x29da,
-	0x29fc, 0x29fc,
-	0x2e22, 0x2e22,
-	0x2e24, 0x2e24,
-	0x2e26, 0x2e26,
-	0x2e28, 0x2e28,
-	0x2e42, 0x2e42,
-	0x2e55, 0x2e55,
-	0x2e57, 0x2e57,
-	0x2e59, 0x2e59,
-	0x2e5b, 0x2e5b,
-	0x3008, 0x3008,
-	0x300a, 0x300a,
-	0x300c, 0x300c,
-	0x300e, 0x300e,
-	0x3010, 0x3010,
-	0x3014, 0x3014,
-	0x3016, 0x3016,
-	0x3018, 0x3018,
-	0x301a, 0x301a,
-	0x301d, 0x301d,
-	0xfd3f, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfe17, 0xfe17,
-	0xfe35, 0xfe35,
-	0xfe37, 0xfe37,
-	0xfe39, 0xfe39,
-	0xfe3b, 0xfe3b,
-	0xfe3d, 0xfe3d,
-	0xfe3f, 0xfe3f,
-	0xfe41, 0xfe41,
-	0xfe43, 0xfe43,
-	0xfe47, 0xfe47,
-	0xfe59, 0xfe59,
-	0xfe5b, 0xfe5b,
-	0xfe5d, 0xfe5d,
-	0xff08, 0xff08,
-	0xff3b, 0xff3b,
-	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
-	0xff5f, 0xff5f,
-	0xff62, 0xff62,
-}; /* CR_Ps */
-
-/* 'S': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_S[] = {
-	232,
-	0x0024, 0x0024,
-	0x002b, 0x002b,
-	0x003c, 0x003e,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x0060, 0x0060,
-	0x007c, 0x007c,
-	0x007e, 0x007e,
-	0x00a2, 0x00a6,
-	0x00a8, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
-	0x00ae, 0x00b1,
-	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
-	0x00b8, 0x00b8,
-	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
-	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
-	0x02c2, 0x02c5,
-	0x02d2, 0x02df,
-	0x02e5, 0x02eb,
-	0x02ed, 0x02ed,
-	0x02ef, 0x02ff,
-	0x0375, 0x0375,
-	0x0384, 0x0385,
-	0x03f6, 0x03f6,
-	0x0482, 0x0482,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0606, 0x0608,
-	0x060b, 0x060b,
-	0x060e, 0x060f,
-	0x06de, 0x06de,
-	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
-	0x06fd, 0x06fe,
-	0x07f6, 0x07f6,
-	0x07fe, 0x07ff,
-	0x0888, 0x0888,
-	0x09f2, 0x09f3,
-	0x09fa, 0x09fb,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b70, 0x0b70,
-	0x0bf3, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c7f, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0d4f, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d79,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
-	0x0f01, 0x0f03,
-	0x0f13, 0x0f13,
-	0x0f15, 0x0f17,
-	0x0f1a, 0x0f1f,
-	0x0f34, 0x0f34,
-	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
-	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
-	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fcf,
-	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
-	0x109e, 0x109f,
-	0x1390, 0x1399,
-	0x166d, 0x166d,
-	0x17db, 0x17db,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x19de, 0x19ff,
-	0x1b61, 0x1b6a,
-	0x1b74, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
-	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
-	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
-	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2044, 0x2044,
-	0x2052, 0x2052,
-	0x207a, 0x207c,
-	0x208a, 0x208c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x2100, 0x2101,
-	0x2103, 0x2106,
-	0x2108, 0x2109,
-	0x2114, 0x2114,
-	0x2116, 0x2118,
-	0x211e, 0x2123,
-	0x2125, 0x2125,
-	0x2127, 0x2127,
-	0x2129, 0x2129,
-	0x212e, 0x212e,
-	0x213a, 0x213b,
-	0x2140, 0x2144,
-	0x214a, 0x214d,
-	0x214f, 0x214f,
-	0x218a, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2307,
-	0x230c, 0x2328,
-	0x232b, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x249c, 0x24e9,
-	0x2500, 0x2767,
-	0x2794, 0x27c4,
-	0x27c7, 0x27e5,
-	0x27f0, 0x2982,
-	0x2999, 0x29d7,
-	0x29dc, 0x29fb,
-	0x29fe, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2bff,
-	0x2ce5, 0x2cea,
-	0x2e50, 0x2e51,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3004, 0x3004,
-	0x3012, 0x3013,
-	0x3020, 0x3020,
-	0x3036, 0x3037,
-	0x303e, 0x303f,
-	0x309b, 0x309c,
-	0x3190, 0x3191,
-	0x3196, 0x319f,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x3200, 0x321e,
-	0x322a, 0x3247,
-	0x3250, 0x3250,
-	0x3260, 0x327f,
-	0x328a, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x33ff,
-	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa700, 0xa716,
-	0xa720, 0xa721,
-	0xa789, 0xa78a,
-	0xa828, 0xa82b,
-	0xa836, 0xa839,
-	0xaa77, 0xaa79,
-	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
-	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
-	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
-	0xfbb2, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfd40, 0xfd4f,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdfc, 0xfdff,
-	0xfe62, 0xfe62,
-	0xfe64, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe69, 0xfe69,
-	0xff04, 0xff04,
-	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
-	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0xff40, 0xff40,
-	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
-	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
-	0x10137, 0x1013f,
-	0x10179, 0x10189,
-	0x1018c, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
-	0x10877, 0x10878,
-	0x10ac8, 0x10ac8,
-	0x1173f, 0x1173f,
-	0x11fd5, 0x11ff1,
-	0x16b3c, 0x16b3f,
-	0x16b45, 0x16b45,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
-	0x1d16a, 0x1d16c,
-	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
-	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
-	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
-	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
-	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
-	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
-	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
-	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
-	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
-	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
-	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
-	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
-	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
-	0x1d800, 0x1d9ff,
-	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
-	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
-	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
-	0x1da85, 0x1da86,
-	0x1e14f, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1ecac, 0x1ecac,
-	0x1ecb0, 0x1ecb0,
-	0x1ed2e, 0x1ed2e,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f10d, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-}; /* CR_S */
-
-/* 'Sc': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sc[] = {
-	21,
-	0x0024, 0x0024,
-	0x00a2, 0x00a5,
-	0x058f, 0x058f,
-	0x060b, 0x060b,
-	0x07fe, 0x07ff,
-	0x09f2, 0x09f3,
-	0x09fb, 0x09fb,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0bf9, 0x0bf9,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
-	0x17db, 0x17db,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0xa838, 0xa838,
-	0xfdfc, 0xfdfc,
-	0xfe69, 0xfe69,
-	0xff04, 0xff04,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe1,
-	0xffe5, 0xffe6,
-	0x11fdd, 0x11fe0,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1ecb0, 0x1ecb0,
-}; /* CR_Sc */
-
-/* 'Sk': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sk[] = {
-	31,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x0060, 0x0060,
-	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
-	0x00af, 0x00af,
-	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
-	0x00b8, 0x00b8,
-	0x02c2, 0x02c5,
-	0x02d2, 0x02df,
-	0x02e5, 0x02eb,
-	0x02ed, 0x02ed,
-	0x02ef, 0x02ff,
-	0x0375, 0x0375,
-	0x0384, 0x0385,
-	0x0888, 0x0888,
-	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
-	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
-	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
-	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
-	0x309b, 0x309c,
-	0xa700, 0xa716,
-	0xa720, 0xa721,
-	0xa789, 0xa78a,
-	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
-	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
-	0xfbb2, 0xfbc2,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0xff40, 0xff40,
-	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
-	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
-}; /* CR_Sk */
-
-/* 'Sm': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sm[] = {
-	64,
-	0x002b, 0x002b,
-	0x003c, 0x003e,
-	0x007c, 0x007c,
-	0x007e, 0x007e,
-	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
-	0x00b1, 0x00b1,
-	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
-	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
-	0x03f6, 0x03f6,
-	0x0606, 0x0608,
-	0x2044, 0x2044,
-	0x2052, 0x2052,
-	0x207a, 0x207c,
-	0x208a, 0x208c,
-	0x2118, 0x2118,
-	0x2140, 0x2144,
-	0x214b, 0x214b,
-	0x2190, 0x2194,
-	0x219a, 0x219b,
-	0x21a0, 0x21a0,
-	0x21a3, 0x21a3,
-	0x21a6, 0x21a6,
-	0x21ae, 0x21ae,
-	0x21ce, 0x21cf,
-	0x21d2, 0x21d2,
-	0x21d4, 0x21d4,
-	0x21f4, 0x22ff,
-	0x2320, 0x2321,
-	0x237c, 0x237c,
-	0x239b, 0x23b3,
-	0x23dc, 0x23e1,
-	0x25b7, 0x25b7,
-	0x25c1, 0x25c1,
-	0x25f8, 0x25ff,
-	0x266f, 0x266f,
-	0x27c0, 0x27c4,
-	0x27c7, 0x27e5,
-	0x27f0, 0x27ff,
-	0x2900, 0x2982,
-	0x2999, 0x29d7,
-	0x29dc, 0x29fb,
-	0x29fe, 0x2aff,
-	0x2b30, 0x2b44,
-	0x2b47, 0x2b4c,
-	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
-	0xfe62, 0xfe62,
-	0xfe64, 0xfe66,
-	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
-	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
-	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
-	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
-	0xffe2, 0xffe2,
-	0xffe9, 0xffec,
-	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
-	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
-	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
-	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
-	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
-	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
-	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
-	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
-	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
-	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-}; /* CR_Sm */
-
-/* 'So': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_So[] = {
-	184,
-	0x00a6, 0x00a6,
-	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
-	0x00b0, 0x00b0,
-	0x0482, 0x0482,
-	0x058d, 0x058e,
-	0x060e, 0x060f,
-	0x06de, 0x06de,
-	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
-	0x06fd, 0x06fe,
-	0x07f6, 0x07f6,
-	0x09fa, 0x09fa,
-	0x0b70, 0x0b70,
-	0x0bf3, 0x0bf8,
-	0x0bfa, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c7f, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0d4f, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d79,
-	0x0f01, 0x0f03,
-	0x0f13, 0x0f13,
-	0x0f15, 0x0f17,
-	0x0f1a, 0x0f1f,
-	0x0f34, 0x0f34,
-	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
-	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
-	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fcf,
-	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
-	0x109e, 0x109f,
-	0x1390, 0x1399,
-	0x166d, 0x166d,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x19de, 0x19ff,
-	0x1b61, 0x1b6a,
-	0x1b74, 0x1b7c,
-	0x2100, 0x2101,
-	0x2103, 0x2106,
-	0x2108, 0x2109,
-	0x2114, 0x2114,
-	0x2116, 0x2117,
-	0x211e, 0x2123,
-	0x2125, 0x2125,
-	0x2127, 0x2127,
-	0x2129, 0x2129,
-	0x212e, 0x212e,
-	0x213a, 0x213b,
-	0x214a, 0x214a,
-	0x214c, 0x214d,
-	0x214f, 0x214f,
-	0x218a, 0x218b,
-	0x2195, 0x2199,
-	0x219c, 0x219f,
-	0x21a1, 0x21a2,
-	0x21a4, 0x21a5,
-	0x21a7, 0x21ad,
-	0x21af, 0x21cd,
-	0x21d0, 0x21d1,
-	0x21d3, 0x21d3,
-	0x21d5, 0x21f3,
-	0x2300, 0x2307,
-	0x230c, 0x231f,
-	0x2322, 0x2328,
-	0x232b, 0x237b,
-	0x237d, 0x239a,
-	0x23b4, 0x23db,
-	0x23e2, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x249c, 0x24e9,
-	0x2500, 0x25b6,
-	0x25b8, 0x25c0,
-	0x25c2, 0x25f7,
-	0x2600, 0x266e,
-	0x2670, 0x2767,
-	0x2794, 0x27bf,
-	0x2800, 0x28ff,
-	0x2b00, 0x2b2f,
-	0x2b45, 0x2b46,
-	0x2b4d, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2bff,
-	0x2ce5, 0x2cea,
-	0x2e50, 0x2e51,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3004, 0x3004,
-	0x3012, 0x3013,
-	0x3020, 0x3020,
-	0x3036, 0x3037,
-	0x303e, 0x303f,
-	0x3190, 0x3191,
-	0x3196, 0x319f,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x3200, 0x321e,
-	0x322a, 0x3247,
-	0x3250, 0x3250,
-	0x3260, 0x327f,
-	0x328a, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x33ff,
-	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa828, 0xa82b,
-	0xa836, 0xa837,
-	0xa839, 0xa839,
-	0xaa77, 0xaa79,
-	0xfd40, 0xfd4f,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdfd, 0xfdff,
-	0xffe4, 0xffe4,
-	0xffe8, 0xffe8,
-	0xffed, 0xffee,
-	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
-	0x10137, 0x1013f,
-	0x10179, 0x10189,
-	0x1018c, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
-	0x10877, 0x10878,
-	0x10ac8, 0x10ac8,
-	0x1173f, 0x1173f,
-	0x11fd5, 0x11fdc,
-	0x11fe1, 0x11ff1,
-	0x16b3c, 0x16b3f,
-	0x16b45, 0x16b45,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
-	0x1d16a, 0x1d16c,
-	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
-	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
-	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
-	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d800, 0x1d9ff,
-	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
-	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
-	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
-	0x1da85, 0x1da86,
-	0x1e14f, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1ecac, 0x1ecac,
-	0x1ed2e, 0x1ed2e,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f10d, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f3fa,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-}; /* CR_So */
-
-/* 'Z': Major Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Z[] = {
-	8,
-	0x0020, 0x0020,
-	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
-	0x1680, 0x1680,
-	0x2000, 0x200a,
-	0x2028, 0x2029,
-	0x202f, 0x202f,
-	0x205f, 0x205f,
-	0x3000, 0x3000,
-}; /* CR_Z */
-
-/* 'Zl': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zl[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2028, 0x2028,
-}; /* CR_Zl */
-
-/* 'Zp': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zp[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2029, 0x2029,
-}; /* CR_Zp */
-
-/* 'Zs': General Category */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zs[] = {
-	7,
-	0x0020, 0x0020,
-	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
-	0x1680, 0x1680,
-	0x2000, 0x200a,
-	0x202f, 0x202f,
-	0x205f, 0x205f,
-	0x3000, 0x3000,
-}; /* CR_Zs */
-
-/* 'Math': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Math[] = {
-	138,
-	0x002b, 0x002b,
-	0x003c, 0x003e,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x007c, 0x007c,
-	0x007e, 0x007e,
-	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
-	0x00b1, 0x00b1,
-	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
-	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d2,
-	0x03d5, 0x03d5,
-	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f6,
-	0x0606, 0x0608,
-	0x2016, 0x2016,
-	0x2032, 0x2034,
-	0x2040, 0x2040,
-	0x2044, 0x2044,
-	0x2052, 0x2052,
-	0x2061, 0x2064,
-	0x207a, 0x207e,
-	0x208a, 0x208e,
-	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
-	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
-	0x20e5, 0x20e6,
-	0x20eb, 0x20ef,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2118, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2128, 0x2129,
-	0x212c, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2131,
-	0x2133, 0x2138,
-	0x213c, 0x2149,
-	0x214b, 0x214b,
-	0x2190, 0x21a7,
-	0x21a9, 0x21ae,
-	0x21b0, 0x21b1,
-	0x21b6, 0x21b7,
-	0x21bc, 0x21db,
-	0x21dd, 0x21dd,
-	0x21e4, 0x21e5,
-	0x21f4, 0x22ff,
-	0x2308, 0x230b,
-	0x2320, 0x2321,
-	0x237c, 0x237c,
-	0x239b, 0x23b5,
-	0x23b7, 0x23b7,
-	0x23d0, 0x23d0,
-	0x23dc, 0x23e2,
-	0x25a0, 0x25a1,
-	0x25ae, 0x25b7,
-	0x25bc, 0x25c1,
-	0x25c6, 0x25c7,
-	0x25ca, 0x25cb,
-	0x25cf, 0x25d3,
-	0x25e2, 0x25e2,
-	0x25e4, 0x25e4,
-	0x25e7, 0x25ec,
-	0x25f8, 0x25ff,
-	0x2605, 0x2606,
-	0x2640, 0x2640,
-	0x2642, 0x2642,
-	0x2660, 0x2663,
-	0x266d, 0x266f,
-	0x27c0, 0x27ff,
-	0x2900, 0x2aff,
-	0x2b30, 0x2b44,
-	0x2b47, 0x2b4c,
-	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
-	0xfe61, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
-	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
-	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
-	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
-	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
-	0xffe2, 0xffe2,
-	0xffe9, 0xffec,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-}; /* CR_Math */
-
-/* 'Alphabetic': Derived Property */
-#define CR_Alphabetic CR_Alpha
-
-/* 'Lowercase': Derived Property */
-#define CR_Lowercase CR_Lower
-
-/* 'Uppercase': Derived Property */
-#define CR_Uppercase CR_Upper
-
-/* 'Cased': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cased[] = {
-	157,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x01ba,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bf,
-	0x01c4, 0x0293,
-	0x0295, 0x02b8,
-	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0370, 0x0373,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2134,
-	0x2139, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x217f,
-	0x2183, 0x2184,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0xa640, 0xa66d,
-	0xa680, 0xa69d,
-	0xa722, 0xa787,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7f6,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7fa,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10400, 0x1044f,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10780, 0x10780,
-	0x10783, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
-	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-}; /* CR_Cased */
-
-/* 'Case_Ignorable': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Case_Ignorable[] = {
-	437,
-	0x0027, 0x0027,
-	0x002e, 0x002e,
-	0x003a, 0x003a,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x0060, 0x0060,
-	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x00af, 0x00af,
-	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b8,
-	0x02b0, 0x036f,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x0384, 0x0385,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x0483, 0x0489,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x055f, 0x055f,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05f4, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0605,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x0640, 0x0640,
-	0x064b, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dd,
-	0x06df, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
-	0x070f, 0x070f,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0816, 0x082d,
-	0x0859, 0x085b,
-	0x0888, 0x0888,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08c9, 0x0902,
-	0x093a, 0x093a,
-	0x093c, 0x093c,
-	0x0941, 0x0948,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x0951, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0971, 0x0971,
-	0x0981, 0x0981,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b3f, 0x0b3f,
-	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b56,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
-	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
-	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e46, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
-	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x102d, 0x1030,
-	0x1032, 0x1037,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x103d, 0x103e,
-	0x1058, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x1082,
-	0x1085, 0x1086,
-	0x108d, 0x108d,
-	0x109d, 0x109d,
-	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1712, 0x1714,
-	0x1732, 0x1733,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
-	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
-	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x180b, 0x180f,
-	0x1843, 0x1843,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x1922,
-	0x1927, 0x1928,
-	0x1932, 0x1932,
-	0x1939, 0x193b,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
-	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
-	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
-	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
-	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
-	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
-	0x1b36, 0x1b3a,
-	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
-	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
-	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
-	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
-	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
-	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
-	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
-	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
-	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
-	0x1d9b, 0x1dff,
-	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
-	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
-	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
-	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
-	0x200b, 0x200f,
-	0x2018, 0x2019,
-	0x2024, 0x2024,
-	0x2027, 0x2027,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2060, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x206f,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x3005, 0x3005,
-	0x302a, 0x302d,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x303b, 0x303b,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
-	0xa015, 0xa015,
-	0xa4f8, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
-	0xa66f, 0xa672,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
-	0xa69c, 0xa69f,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa700, 0xa721,
-	0xa770, 0xa770,
-	0xa788, 0xa78a,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7f4,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa825, 0xa826,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92d,
-	0xa947, 0xa951,
-	0xa980, 0xa982,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
-	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
-	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e6,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
-	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
-	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
-	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
-	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
-	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
-	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
-	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
-	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab5b, 0xab5f,
-	0xab69, 0xab6b,
-	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
-	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
-	0xabed, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfbb2, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe13, 0xfe13,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xfe52, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe55, 0xfe55,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff07, 0xff07,
-	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
-	0xff1a, 0xff1a,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0xff40, 0xff40,
-	0xff70, 0xff70,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffb,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11001, 0x11001,
-	0x11038, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x1107f, 0x11081,
-	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
-	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
-	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x1112b,
-	0x1112d, 0x11134,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x11180, 0x11181,
-	0x111b6, 0x111be,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122f, 0x11231,
-	0x11234, 0x11234,
-	0x11236, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112df,
-	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
-	0x11300, 0x11301,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
-	0x11340, 0x11340,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11438, 0x1143f,
-	0x11442, 0x11444,
-	0x11446, 0x11446,
-	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
-	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
-	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
-	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
-	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
-	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
-	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11633, 0x1163a,
-	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
-	0x1163f, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
-	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
-	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
-	0x1171d, 0x1171f,
-	0x11722, 0x11725,
-	0x11727, 0x1172b,
-	0x1182f, 0x11837,
-	0x11839, 0x1183a,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
-	0x11943, 0x11943,
-	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119db,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
-	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
-	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
-	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
-	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
-	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
-	0x13430, 0x13440,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d173, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e4eb, 0x1e4ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Case_Ignorable */
-
-/* 'Changes_When_Lowercased': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Lowercased[] = {
-	609,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00de,
-	0x0100, 0x0100,
-	0x0102, 0x0102,
-	0x0104, 0x0104,
-	0x0106, 0x0106,
-	0x0108, 0x0108,
-	0x010a, 0x010a,
-	0x010c, 0x010c,
-	0x010e, 0x010e,
-	0x0110, 0x0110,
-	0x0112, 0x0112,
-	0x0114, 0x0114,
-	0x0116, 0x0116,
-	0x0118, 0x0118,
-	0x011a, 0x011a,
-	0x011c, 0x011c,
-	0x011e, 0x011e,
-	0x0120, 0x0120,
-	0x0122, 0x0122,
-	0x0124, 0x0124,
-	0x0126, 0x0126,
-	0x0128, 0x0128,
-	0x012a, 0x012a,
-	0x012c, 0x012c,
-	0x012e, 0x012e,
-	0x0130, 0x0130,
-	0x0132, 0x0132,
-	0x0134, 0x0134,
-	0x0136, 0x0136,
-	0x0139, 0x0139,
-	0x013b, 0x013b,
-	0x013d, 0x013d,
-	0x013f, 0x013f,
-	0x0141, 0x0141,
-	0x0143, 0x0143,
-	0x0145, 0x0145,
-	0x0147, 0x0147,
-	0x014a, 0x014a,
-	0x014c, 0x014c,
-	0x014e, 0x014e,
-	0x0150, 0x0150,
-	0x0152, 0x0152,
-	0x0154, 0x0154,
-	0x0156, 0x0156,
-	0x0158, 0x0158,
-	0x015a, 0x015a,
-	0x015c, 0x015c,
-	0x015e, 0x015e,
-	0x0160, 0x0160,
-	0x0162, 0x0162,
-	0x0164, 0x0164,
-	0x0166, 0x0166,
-	0x0168, 0x0168,
-	0x016a, 0x016a,
-	0x016c, 0x016c,
-	0x016e, 0x016e,
-	0x0170, 0x0170,
-	0x0172, 0x0172,
-	0x0174, 0x0174,
-	0x0176, 0x0176,
-	0x0178, 0x0179,
-	0x017b, 0x017b,
-	0x017d, 0x017d,
-	0x0181, 0x0182,
-	0x0184, 0x0184,
-	0x0186, 0x0187,
-	0x0189, 0x018b,
-	0x018e, 0x0191,
-	0x0193, 0x0194,
-	0x0196, 0x0198,
-	0x019c, 0x019d,
-	0x019f, 0x01a0,
-	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
-	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
-	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
-	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
-	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
-	0x01ae, 0x01af,
-	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
-	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
-	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
-	0x01c4, 0x01c5,
-	0x01c7, 0x01c8,
-	0x01ca, 0x01cb,
-	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
-	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
-	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
-	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
-	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
-	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
-	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
-	0x01db, 0x01db,
-	0x01de, 0x01de,
-	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
-	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
-	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
-	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
-	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
-	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
-	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
-	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
-	0x01f1, 0x01f2,
-	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
-	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
-	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
-	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
-	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
-	0x0200, 0x0200,
-	0x0202, 0x0202,
-	0x0204, 0x0204,
-	0x0206, 0x0206,
-	0x0208, 0x0208,
-	0x020a, 0x020a,
-	0x020c, 0x020c,
-	0x020e, 0x020e,
-	0x0210, 0x0210,
-	0x0212, 0x0212,
-	0x0214, 0x0214,
-	0x0216, 0x0216,
-	0x0218, 0x0218,
-	0x021a, 0x021a,
-	0x021c, 0x021c,
-	0x021e, 0x021e,
-	0x0220, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0222,
-	0x0224, 0x0224,
-	0x0226, 0x0226,
-	0x0228, 0x0228,
-	0x022a, 0x022a,
-	0x022c, 0x022c,
-	0x022e, 0x022e,
-	0x0230, 0x0230,
-	0x0232, 0x0232,
-	0x023a, 0x023b,
-	0x023d, 0x023e,
-	0x0241, 0x0241,
-	0x0243, 0x0246,
-	0x0248, 0x0248,
-	0x024a, 0x024a,
-	0x024c, 0x024c,
-	0x024e, 0x024e,
-	0x0370, 0x0370,
-	0x0372, 0x0372,
-	0x0376, 0x0376,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x038f,
-	0x0391, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
-	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
-	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
-	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
-	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
-	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
-	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
-	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
-	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
-	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
-	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
-	0x03fd, 0x042f,
-	0x0460, 0x0460,
-	0x0462, 0x0462,
-	0x0464, 0x0464,
-	0x0466, 0x0466,
-	0x0468, 0x0468,
-	0x046a, 0x046a,
-	0x046c, 0x046c,
-	0x046e, 0x046e,
-	0x0470, 0x0470,
-	0x0472, 0x0472,
-	0x0474, 0x0474,
-	0x0476, 0x0476,
-	0x0478, 0x0478,
-	0x047a, 0x047a,
-	0x047c, 0x047c,
-	0x047e, 0x047e,
-	0x0480, 0x0480,
-	0x048a, 0x048a,
-	0x048c, 0x048c,
-	0x048e, 0x048e,
-	0x0490, 0x0490,
-	0x0492, 0x0492,
-	0x0494, 0x0494,
-	0x0496, 0x0496,
-	0x0498, 0x0498,
-	0x049a, 0x049a,
-	0x049c, 0x049c,
-	0x049e, 0x049e,
-	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
-	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
-	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
-	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
-	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
-	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
-	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
-	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
-	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
-	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
-	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
-	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
-	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
-	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
-	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
-	0x04be, 0x04be,
-	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
-	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
-	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
-	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
-	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
-	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
-	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
-	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
-	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
-	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
-	0x04da, 0x04da,
-	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
-	0x04de, 0x04de,
-	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
-	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
-	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
-	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
-	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
-	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
-	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
-	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
-	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
-	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
-	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
-	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
-	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
-	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
-	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
-	0x0500, 0x0500,
-	0x0502, 0x0502,
-	0x0504, 0x0504,
-	0x0506, 0x0506,
-	0x0508, 0x0508,
-	0x050a, 0x050a,
-	0x050c, 0x050c,
-	0x050e, 0x050e,
-	0x0510, 0x0510,
-	0x0512, 0x0512,
-	0x0514, 0x0514,
-	0x0516, 0x0516,
-	0x0518, 0x0518,
-	0x051a, 0x051a,
-	0x051c, 0x051c,
-	0x051e, 0x051e,
-	0x0520, 0x0520,
-	0x0522, 0x0522,
-	0x0524, 0x0524,
-	0x0526, 0x0526,
-	0x0528, 0x0528,
-	0x052a, 0x052a,
-	0x052c, 0x052c,
-	0x052e, 0x052e,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
-	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
-	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
-	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
-	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
-	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
-	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
-	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
-	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
-	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
-	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
-	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
-	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
-	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
-	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
-	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
-	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
-	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
-	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
-	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
-	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
-	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
-	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
-	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
-	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
-	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
-	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
-	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
-	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
-	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
-	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
-	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
-	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
-	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
-	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
-	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
-	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
-	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
-	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
-	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
-	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
-	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
-	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
-	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
-	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
-	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
-	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
-	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
-	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
-	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
-	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
-	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
-	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
-	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
-	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
-	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
-	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
-	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
-	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
-	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
-	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
-	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
-	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
-	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
-	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
-	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
-	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
-	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
-	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
-	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
-	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
-	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
-	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
-	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
-	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
-	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
-	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
-	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
-	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
-	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
-	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
-	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
-	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
-	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
-	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
-	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
-	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
-	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
-	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
-	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
-	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
-	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
-	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
-	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
-	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
-	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
-	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
-	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
-	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
-	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
-	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
-	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
-	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
-	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
-	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
-	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
-	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
-	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
-	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
-	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
-	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
-	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
-	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
-	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
-	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
-	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
-	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
-	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
-	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
-	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
-	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
-	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
-	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
-	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
-	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
-	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
-	0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
-	0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
-	0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
-	0x1fb8, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fc8, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff8, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x212a, 0x212b,
-	0x2132, 0x2132,
-	0x2160, 0x216f,
-	0x2183, 0x2183,
-	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
-	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
-	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
-	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
-	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
-	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
-	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
-	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
-	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
-	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
-	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
-	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
-	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
-	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
-	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
-	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
-	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
-	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
-	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
-	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
-	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
-	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
-	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
-	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
-	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
-	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
-	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
-	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
-	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
-	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
-	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
-	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
-	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
-	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
-	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
-	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
-	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
-	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
-	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
-	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
-	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
-	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
-	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
-	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
-	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
-	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
-	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
-	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
-	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
-	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
-	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
-	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
-	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
-	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
-	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
-	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
-	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
-	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
-	0xa640, 0xa640,
-	0xa642, 0xa642,
-	0xa644, 0xa644,
-	0xa646, 0xa646,
-	0xa648, 0xa648,
-	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
-	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
-	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
-	0xa650, 0xa650,
-	0xa652, 0xa652,
-	0xa654, 0xa654,
-	0xa656, 0xa656,
-	0xa658, 0xa658,
-	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
-	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
-	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
-	0xa660, 0xa660,
-	0xa662, 0xa662,
-	0xa664, 0xa664,
-	0xa666, 0xa666,
-	0xa668, 0xa668,
-	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
-	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
-	0xa680, 0xa680,
-	0xa682, 0xa682,
-	0xa684, 0xa684,
-	0xa686, 0xa686,
-	0xa688, 0xa688,
-	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
-	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
-	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
-	0xa690, 0xa690,
-	0xa692, 0xa692,
-	0xa694, 0xa694,
-	0xa696, 0xa696,
-	0xa698, 0xa698,
-	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
-	0xa722, 0xa722,
-	0xa724, 0xa724,
-	0xa726, 0xa726,
-	0xa728, 0xa728,
-	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
-	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
-	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
-	0xa732, 0xa732,
-	0xa734, 0xa734,
-	0xa736, 0xa736,
-	0xa738, 0xa738,
-	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
-	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
-	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
-	0xa740, 0xa740,
-	0xa742, 0xa742,
-	0xa744, 0xa744,
-	0xa746, 0xa746,
-	0xa748, 0xa748,
-	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
-	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
-	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
-	0xa750, 0xa750,
-	0xa752, 0xa752,
-	0xa754, 0xa754,
-	0xa756, 0xa756,
-	0xa758, 0xa758,
-	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
-	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
-	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
-	0xa760, 0xa760,
-	0xa762, 0xa762,
-	0xa764, 0xa764,
-	0xa766, 0xa766,
-	0xa768, 0xa768,
-	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
-	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
-	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
-	0xa779, 0xa779,
-	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
-	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
-	0xa780, 0xa780,
-	0xa782, 0xa782,
-	0xa784, 0xa784,
-	0xa786, 0xa786,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
-	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
-	0xa790, 0xa790,
-	0xa792, 0xa792,
-	0xa796, 0xa796,
-	0xa798, 0xa798,
-	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
-	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
-	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
-	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
-	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
-	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
-	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
-	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
-	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
-	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
-	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
-	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
-	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
-	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
-	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
-	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
-	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
-	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0x10400, 0x10427,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
-}; /* CR_Changes_When_Lowercased */
-
-/* 'Changes_When_Uppercased': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Uppercased[] = {
-	627,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00df, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
-	0x0101, 0x0101,
-	0x0103, 0x0103,
-	0x0105, 0x0105,
-	0x0107, 0x0107,
-	0x0109, 0x0109,
-	0x010b, 0x010b,
-	0x010d, 0x010d,
-	0x010f, 0x010f,
-	0x0111, 0x0111,
-	0x0113, 0x0113,
-	0x0115, 0x0115,
-	0x0117, 0x0117,
-	0x0119, 0x0119,
-	0x011b, 0x011b,
-	0x011d, 0x011d,
-	0x011f, 0x011f,
-	0x0121, 0x0121,
-	0x0123, 0x0123,
-	0x0125, 0x0125,
-	0x0127, 0x0127,
-	0x0129, 0x0129,
-	0x012b, 0x012b,
-	0x012d, 0x012d,
-	0x012f, 0x012f,
-	0x0131, 0x0131,
-	0x0133, 0x0133,
-	0x0135, 0x0135,
-	0x0137, 0x0137,
-	0x013a, 0x013a,
-	0x013c, 0x013c,
-	0x013e, 0x013e,
-	0x0140, 0x0140,
-	0x0142, 0x0142,
-	0x0144, 0x0144,
-	0x0146, 0x0146,
-	0x0148, 0x0149,
-	0x014b, 0x014b,
-	0x014d, 0x014d,
-	0x014f, 0x014f,
-	0x0151, 0x0151,
-	0x0153, 0x0153,
-	0x0155, 0x0155,
-	0x0157, 0x0157,
-	0x0159, 0x0159,
-	0x015b, 0x015b,
-	0x015d, 0x015d,
-	0x015f, 0x015f,
-	0x0161, 0x0161,
-	0x0163, 0x0163,
-	0x0165, 0x0165,
-	0x0167, 0x0167,
-	0x0169, 0x0169,
-	0x016b, 0x016b,
-	0x016d, 0x016d,
-	0x016f, 0x016f,
-	0x0171, 0x0171,
-	0x0173, 0x0173,
-	0x0175, 0x0175,
-	0x0177, 0x0177,
-	0x017a, 0x017a,
-	0x017c, 0x017c,
-	0x017e, 0x0180,
-	0x0183, 0x0183,
-	0x0185, 0x0185,
-	0x0188, 0x0188,
-	0x018c, 0x018c,
-	0x0192, 0x0192,
-	0x0195, 0x0195,
-	0x0199, 0x019a,
-	0x019e, 0x019e,
-	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
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-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10428, 0x1044f,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118c0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_Changes_When_Uppercased */
-
-/* 'Changes_When_Titlecased': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Titlecased[] = {
-	626,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00df, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
-	0x0101, 0x0101,
-	0x0103, 0x0103,
-	0x0105, 0x0105,
-	0x0107, 0x0107,
-	0x0109, 0x0109,
-	0x010b, 0x010b,
-	0x010d, 0x010d,
-	0x010f, 0x010f,
-	0x0111, 0x0111,
-	0x0113, 0x0113,
-	0x0115, 0x0115,
-	0x0117, 0x0117,
-	0x0119, 0x0119,
-	0x011b, 0x011b,
-	0x011d, 0x011d,
-	0x011f, 0x011f,
-	0x0121, 0x0121,
-	0x0123, 0x0123,
-	0x0125, 0x0125,
-	0x0127, 0x0127,
-	0x0129, 0x0129,
-	0x012b, 0x012b,
-	0x012d, 0x012d,
-	0x012f, 0x012f,
-	0x0131, 0x0131,
-	0x0133, 0x0133,
-	0x0135, 0x0135,
-	0x0137, 0x0137,
-	0x013a, 0x013a,
-	0x013c, 0x013c,
-	0x013e, 0x013e,
-	0x0140, 0x0140,
-	0x0142, 0x0142,
-	0x0144, 0x0144,
-	0x0146, 0x0146,
-	0x0148, 0x0149,
-	0x014b, 0x014b,
-	0x014d, 0x014d,
-	0x014f, 0x014f,
-	0x0151, 0x0151,
-	0x0153, 0x0153,
-	0x0155, 0x0155,
-	0x0157, 0x0157,
-	0x0159, 0x0159,
-	0x015b, 0x015b,
-	0x015d, 0x015d,
-	0x015f, 0x015f,
-	0x0161, 0x0161,
-	0x0163, 0x0163,
-	0x0165, 0x0165,
-	0x0167, 0x0167,
-	0x0169, 0x0169,
-	0x016b, 0x016b,
-	0x016d, 0x016d,
-	0x016f, 0x016f,
-	0x0171, 0x0171,
-	0x0173, 0x0173,
-	0x0175, 0x0175,
-	0x0177, 0x0177,
-	0x017a, 0x017a,
-	0x017c, 0x017c,
-	0x017e, 0x0180,
-	0x0183, 0x0183,
-	0x0185, 0x0185,
-	0x0188, 0x0188,
-	0x018c, 0x018c,
-	0x0192, 0x0192,
-	0x0195, 0x0195,
-	0x0199, 0x019a,
-	0x019e, 0x019e,
-	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
-	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
-	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
-	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
-	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
-	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
-	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
-	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
-	0x01b9, 0x01b9,
-	0x01bd, 0x01bd,
-	0x01bf, 0x01bf,
-	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
-	0x01c6, 0x01c7,
-	0x01c9, 0x01ca,
-	0x01cc, 0x01cc,
-	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
-	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
-	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
-	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
-	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
-	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
-	0x01da, 0x01da,
-	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
-	0x01df, 0x01df,
-	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
-	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
-	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
-	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
-	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
-	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
-	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
-	0x01ef, 0x01f1,
-	0x01f3, 0x01f3,
-	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
-	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
-	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
-	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
-	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
-	0x0201, 0x0201,
-	0x0203, 0x0203,
-	0x0205, 0x0205,
-	0x0207, 0x0207,
-	0x0209, 0x0209,
-	0x020b, 0x020b,
-	0x020d, 0x020d,
-	0x020f, 0x020f,
-	0x0211, 0x0211,
-	0x0213, 0x0213,
-	0x0215, 0x0215,
-	0x0217, 0x0217,
-	0x0219, 0x0219,
-	0x021b, 0x021b,
-	0x021d, 0x021d,
-	0x021f, 0x021f,
-	0x0223, 0x0223,
-	0x0225, 0x0225,
-	0x0227, 0x0227,
-	0x0229, 0x0229,
-	0x022b, 0x022b,
-	0x022d, 0x022d,
-	0x022f, 0x022f,
-	0x0231, 0x0231,
-	0x0233, 0x0233,
-	0x023c, 0x023c,
-	0x023f, 0x0240,
-	0x0242, 0x0242,
-	0x0247, 0x0247,
-	0x0249, 0x0249,
-	0x024b, 0x024b,
-	0x024d, 0x024d,
-	0x024f, 0x0254,
-	0x0256, 0x0257,
-	0x0259, 0x0259,
-	0x025b, 0x025c,
-	0x0260, 0x0261,
-	0x0263, 0x0263,
-	0x0265, 0x0266,
-	0x0268, 0x026c,
-	0x026f, 0x026f,
-	0x0271, 0x0272,
-	0x0275, 0x0275,
-	0x027d, 0x027d,
-	0x0280, 0x0280,
-	0x0282, 0x0283,
-	0x0287, 0x028c,
-	0x0292, 0x0292,
-	0x029d, 0x029e,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0371, 0x0371,
-	0x0373, 0x0373,
-	0x0377, 0x0377,
-	0x037b, 0x037d,
-	0x0390, 0x0390,
-	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
-	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
-	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
-	0x03db, 0x03db,
-	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
-	0x03df, 0x03df,
-	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
-	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
-	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
-	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
-	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
-	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
-	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
-	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
-	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
-	0x03fb, 0x03fb,
-	0x0430, 0x045f,
-	0x0461, 0x0461,
-	0x0463, 0x0463,
-	0x0465, 0x0465,
-	0x0467, 0x0467,
-	0x0469, 0x0469,
-	0x046b, 0x046b,
-	0x046d, 0x046d,
-	0x046f, 0x046f,
-	0x0471, 0x0471,
-	0x0473, 0x0473,
-	0x0475, 0x0475,
-	0x0477, 0x0477,
-	0x0479, 0x0479,
-	0x047b, 0x047b,
-	0x047d, 0x047d,
-	0x047f, 0x047f,
-	0x0481, 0x0481,
-	0x048b, 0x048b,
-	0x048d, 0x048d,
-	0x048f, 0x048f,
-	0x0491, 0x0491,
-	0x0493, 0x0493,
-	0x0495, 0x0495,
-	0x0497, 0x0497,
-	0x0499, 0x0499,
-	0x049b, 0x049b,
-	0x049d, 0x049d,
-	0x049f, 0x049f,
-	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
-	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
-	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
-	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
-	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
-	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
-	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
-	0x04af, 0x04af,
-	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
-	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
-	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
-	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
-	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
-	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
-	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
-	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
-	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
-	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
-	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
-	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
-	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
-	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
-	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
-	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
-	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
-	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
-	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
-	0x04db, 0x04db,
-	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
-	0x04df, 0x04df,
-	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
-	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
-	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
-	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
-	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
-	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
-	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
-	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
-	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
-	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
-	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
-	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
-	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
-	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
-	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
-	0x0501, 0x0501,
-	0x0503, 0x0503,
-	0x0505, 0x0505,
-	0x0507, 0x0507,
-	0x0509, 0x0509,
-	0x050b, 0x050b,
-	0x050d, 0x050d,
-	0x050f, 0x050f,
-	0x0511, 0x0511,
-	0x0513, 0x0513,
-	0x0515, 0x0515,
-	0x0517, 0x0517,
-	0x0519, 0x0519,
-	0x051b, 0x051b,
-	0x051d, 0x051d,
-	0x051f, 0x051f,
-	0x0521, 0x0521,
-	0x0523, 0x0523,
-	0x0525, 0x0525,
-	0x0527, 0x0527,
-	0x0529, 0x0529,
-	0x052b, 0x052b,
-	0x052d, 0x052d,
-	0x052f, 0x052f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1d79, 0x1d79,
-	0x1d7d, 0x1d7d,
-	0x1d8e, 0x1d8e,
-	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
-	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
-	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
-	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
-	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
-	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
-	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
-	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
-	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
-	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
-	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
-	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
-	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
-	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
-	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
-	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
-	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
-	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
-	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
-	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
-	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
-	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
-	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
-	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
-	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
-	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
-	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
-	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
-	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
-	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
-	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
-	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
-	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
-	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
-	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
-	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
-	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
-	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
-	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
-	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
-	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
-	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
-	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
-	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
-	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
-	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
-	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
-	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
-	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
-	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
-	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
-	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
-	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
-	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
-	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
-	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
-	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
-	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
-	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
-	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
-	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
-	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
-	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
-	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
-	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
-	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
-	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
-	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
-	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
-	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
-	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
-	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
-	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
-	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
-	0x1e95, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
-	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
-	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
-	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
-	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
-	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
-	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
-	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
-	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
-	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
-	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
-	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
-	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
-	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
-	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
-	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
-	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
-	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
-	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
-	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
-	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
-	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
-	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
-	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
-	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
-	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
-	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
-	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
-	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
-	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
-	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
-	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
-	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
-	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
-	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
-	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
-	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
-	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
-	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
-	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
-	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
-	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
-	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
-	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
-	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
-	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
-	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
-	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
-	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
-	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
-	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1f87,
-	0x1f90, 0x1f97,
-	0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
-	0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2170, 0x217f,
-	0x2184, 0x2184,
-	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
-	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
-	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
-	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
-	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
-	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
-	0x2c73, 0x2c73,
-	0x2c76, 0x2c76,
-	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
-	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
-	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
-	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
-	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
-	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
-	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
-	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
-	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
-	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
-	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
-	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
-	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
-	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
-	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
-	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
-	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
-	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
-	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
-	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
-	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
-	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
-	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
-	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
-	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
-	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
-	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
-	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
-	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
-	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
-	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
-	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
-	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
-	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
-	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
-	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
-	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
-	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
-	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
-	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
-	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
-	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
-	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
-	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
-	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
-	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
-	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
-	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
-	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
-	0x2ce3, 0x2ce3,
-	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
-	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0xa641, 0xa641,
-	0xa643, 0xa643,
-	0xa645, 0xa645,
-	0xa647, 0xa647,
-	0xa649, 0xa649,
-	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
-	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
-	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
-	0xa651, 0xa651,
-	0xa653, 0xa653,
-	0xa655, 0xa655,
-	0xa657, 0xa657,
-	0xa659, 0xa659,
-	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
-	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
-	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
-	0xa661, 0xa661,
-	0xa663, 0xa663,
-	0xa665, 0xa665,
-	0xa667, 0xa667,
-	0xa669, 0xa669,
-	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
-	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
-	0xa681, 0xa681,
-	0xa683, 0xa683,
-	0xa685, 0xa685,
-	0xa687, 0xa687,
-	0xa689, 0xa689,
-	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
-	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
-	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
-	0xa691, 0xa691,
-	0xa693, 0xa693,
-	0xa695, 0xa695,
-	0xa697, 0xa697,
-	0xa699, 0xa699,
-	0xa69b, 0xa69b,
-	0xa723, 0xa723,
-	0xa725, 0xa725,
-	0xa727, 0xa727,
-	0xa729, 0xa729,
-	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
-	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
-	0xa72f, 0xa72f,
-	0xa733, 0xa733,
-	0xa735, 0xa735,
-	0xa737, 0xa737,
-	0xa739, 0xa739,
-	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
-	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
-	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
-	0xa741, 0xa741,
-	0xa743, 0xa743,
-	0xa745, 0xa745,
-	0xa747, 0xa747,
-	0xa749, 0xa749,
-	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
-	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
-	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
-	0xa751, 0xa751,
-	0xa753, 0xa753,
-	0xa755, 0xa755,
-	0xa757, 0xa757,
-	0xa759, 0xa759,
-	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
-	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
-	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
-	0xa761, 0xa761,
-	0xa763, 0xa763,
-	0xa765, 0xa765,
-	0xa767, 0xa767,
-	0xa769, 0xa769,
-	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
-	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
-	0xa76f, 0xa76f,
-	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
-	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
-	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
-	0xa781, 0xa781,
-	0xa783, 0xa783,
-	0xa785, 0xa785,
-	0xa787, 0xa787,
-	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
-	0xa791, 0xa791,
-	0xa793, 0xa794,
-	0xa797, 0xa797,
-	0xa799, 0xa799,
-	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
-	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
-	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
-	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
-	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
-	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
-	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
-	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
-	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
-	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
-	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
-	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
-	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
-	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
-	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
-	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
-	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
-	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
-	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
-	0xab53, 0xab53,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10428, 0x1044f,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118c0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_Changes_When_Titlecased */
-
-/* 'Changes_When_Casefolded': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Casefolded[] = {
-	622,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00df,
-	0x0100, 0x0100,
-	0x0102, 0x0102,
-	0x0104, 0x0104,
-	0x0106, 0x0106,
-	0x0108, 0x0108,
-	0x010a, 0x010a,
-	0x010c, 0x010c,
-	0x010e, 0x010e,
-	0x0110, 0x0110,
-	0x0112, 0x0112,
-	0x0114, 0x0114,
-	0x0116, 0x0116,
-	0x0118, 0x0118,
-	0x011a, 0x011a,
-	0x011c, 0x011c,
-	0x011e, 0x011e,
-	0x0120, 0x0120,
-	0x0122, 0x0122,
-	0x0124, 0x0124,
-	0x0126, 0x0126,
-	0x0128, 0x0128,
-	0x012a, 0x012a,
-	0x012c, 0x012c,
-	0x012e, 0x012e,
-	0x0130, 0x0130,
-	0x0132, 0x0132,
-	0x0134, 0x0134,
-	0x0136, 0x0136,
-	0x0139, 0x0139,
-	0x013b, 0x013b,
-	0x013d, 0x013d,
-	0x013f, 0x013f,
-	0x0141, 0x0141,
-	0x0143, 0x0143,
-	0x0145, 0x0145,
-	0x0147, 0x0147,
-	0x0149, 0x014a,
-	0x014c, 0x014c,
-	0x014e, 0x014e,
-	0x0150, 0x0150,
-	0x0152, 0x0152,
-	0x0154, 0x0154,
-	0x0156, 0x0156,
-	0x0158, 0x0158,
-	0x015a, 0x015a,
-	0x015c, 0x015c,
-	0x015e, 0x015e,
-	0x0160, 0x0160,
-	0x0162, 0x0162,
-	0x0164, 0x0164,
-	0x0166, 0x0166,
-	0x0168, 0x0168,
-	0x016a, 0x016a,
-	0x016c, 0x016c,
-	0x016e, 0x016e,
-	0x0170, 0x0170,
-	0x0172, 0x0172,
-	0x0174, 0x0174,
-	0x0176, 0x0176,
-	0x0178, 0x0179,
-	0x017b, 0x017b,
-	0x017d, 0x017d,
-	0x017f, 0x017f,
-	0x0181, 0x0182,
-	0x0184, 0x0184,
-	0x0186, 0x0187,
-	0x0189, 0x018b,
-	0x018e, 0x0191,
-	0x0193, 0x0194,
-	0x0196, 0x0198,
-	0x019c, 0x019d,
-	0x019f, 0x01a0,
-	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
-	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
-	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
-	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
-	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
-	0x01ae, 0x01af,
-	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
-	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
-	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
-	0x01c4, 0x01c5,
-	0x01c7, 0x01c8,
-	0x01ca, 0x01cb,
-	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
-	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
-	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
-	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
-	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
-	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
-	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
-	0x01db, 0x01db,
-	0x01de, 0x01de,
-	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
-	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
-	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
-	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
-	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
-	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
-	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
-	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
-	0x01f1, 0x01f2,
-	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
-	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
-	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
-	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
-	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
-	0x0200, 0x0200,
-	0x0202, 0x0202,
-	0x0204, 0x0204,
-	0x0206, 0x0206,
-	0x0208, 0x0208,
-	0x020a, 0x020a,
-	0x020c, 0x020c,
-	0x020e, 0x020e,
-	0x0210, 0x0210,
-	0x0212, 0x0212,
-	0x0214, 0x0214,
-	0x0216, 0x0216,
-	0x0218, 0x0218,
-	0x021a, 0x021a,
-	0x021c, 0x021c,
-	0x021e, 0x021e,
-	0x0220, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0222,
-	0x0224, 0x0224,
-	0x0226, 0x0226,
-	0x0228, 0x0228,
-	0x022a, 0x022a,
-	0x022c, 0x022c,
-	0x022e, 0x022e,
-	0x0230, 0x0230,
-	0x0232, 0x0232,
-	0x023a, 0x023b,
-	0x023d, 0x023e,
-	0x0241, 0x0241,
-	0x0243, 0x0246,
-	0x0248, 0x0248,
-	0x024a, 0x024a,
-	0x024c, 0x024c,
-	0x024e, 0x024e,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0370, 0x0370,
-	0x0372, 0x0372,
-	0x0376, 0x0376,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x038f,
-	0x0391, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
-	0x03c2, 0x03c2,
-	0x03cf, 0x03d1,
-	0x03d5, 0x03d6,
-	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
-	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
-	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
-	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
-	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
-	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
-	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
-	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
-	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
-	0x03fd, 0x042f,
-	0x0460, 0x0460,
-	0x0462, 0x0462,
-	0x0464, 0x0464,
-	0x0466, 0x0466,
-	0x0468, 0x0468,
-	0x046a, 0x046a,
-	0x046c, 0x046c,
-	0x046e, 0x046e,
-	0x0470, 0x0470,
-	0x0472, 0x0472,
-	0x0474, 0x0474,
-	0x0476, 0x0476,
-	0x0478, 0x0478,
-	0x047a, 0x047a,
-	0x047c, 0x047c,
-	0x047e, 0x047e,
-	0x0480, 0x0480,
-	0x048a, 0x048a,
-	0x048c, 0x048c,
-	0x048e, 0x048e,
-	0x0490, 0x0490,
-	0x0492, 0x0492,
-	0x0494, 0x0494,
-	0x0496, 0x0496,
-	0x0498, 0x0498,
-	0x049a, 0x049a,
-	0x049c, 0x049c,
-	0x049e, 0x049e,
-	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
-	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
-	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
-	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
-	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
-	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
-	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
-	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
-	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
-	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
-	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
-	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
-	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
-	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
-	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
-	0x04be, 0x04be,
-	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
-	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
-	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
-	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
-	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
-	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
-	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
-	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
-	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
-	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
-	0x04da, 0x04da,
-	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
-	0x04de, 0x04de,
-	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
-	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
-	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
-	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
-	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
-	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
-	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
-	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
-	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
-	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
-	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
-	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
-	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
-	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
-	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
-	0x0500, 0x0500,
-	0x0502, 0x0502,
-	0x0504, 0x0504,
-	0x0506, 0x0506,
-	0x0508, 0x0508,
-	0x050a, 0x050a,
-	0x050c, 0x050c,
-	0x050e, 0x050e,
-	0x0510, 0x0510,
-	0x0512, 0x0512,
-	0x0514, 0x0514,
-	0x0516, 0x0516,
-	0x0518, 0x0518,
-	0x051a, 0x051a,
-	0x051c, 0x051c,
-	0x051e, 0x051e,
-	0x0520, 0x0520,
-	0x0522, 0x0522,
-	0x0524, 0x0524,
-	0x0526, 0x0526,
-	0x0528, 0x0528,
-	0x052a, 0x052a,
-	0x052c, 0x052c,
-	0x052e, 0x052e,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0587, 0x0587,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
-	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
-	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
-	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
-	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
-	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
-	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
-	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
-	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
-	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
-	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
-	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
-	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
-	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
-	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
-	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
-	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
-	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
-	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
-	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
-	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
-	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
-	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
-	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
-	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
-	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
-	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
-	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
-	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
-	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
-	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
-	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
-	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
-	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
-	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
-	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
-	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
-	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
-	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
-	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
-	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
-	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
-	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
-	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
-	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
-	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
-	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
-	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
-	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
-	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
-	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
-	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
-	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
-	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
-	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
-	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
-	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
-	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
-	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
-	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
-	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
-	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
-	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
-	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
-	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
-	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
-	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
-	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
-	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
-	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
-	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
-	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
-	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
-	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
-	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
-	0x1e9a, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
-	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
-	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
-	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
-	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
-	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
-	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
-	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
-	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
-	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
-	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
-	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
-	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
-	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
-	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
-	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
-	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
-	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
-	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
-	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
-	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
-	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
-	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
-	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
-	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
-	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
-	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
-	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
-	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
-	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
-	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
-	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
-	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
-	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
-	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
-	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
-	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
-	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
-	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
-	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
-	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
-	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
-	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
-	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
-	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
-	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
-	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
-	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
-	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
-	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
-	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
-	0x1f80, 0x1faf,
-	0x1fb2, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb7, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc7, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff7, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x212a, 0x212b,
-	0x2132, 0x2132,
-	0x2160, 0x216f,
-	0x2183, 0x2183,
-	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
-	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
-	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
-	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
-	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
-	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
-	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
-	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
-	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
-	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
-	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
-	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
-	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
-	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
-	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
-	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
-	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
-	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
-	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
-	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
-	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
-	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
-	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
-	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
-	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
-	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
-	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
-	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
-	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
-	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
-	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
-	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
-	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
-	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
-	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
-	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
-	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
-	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
-	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
-	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
-	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
-	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
-	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
-	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
-	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
-	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
-	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
-	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
-	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
-	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
-	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
-	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
-	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
-	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
-	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
-	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
-	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
-	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
-	0xa640, 0xa640,
-	0xa642, 0xa642,
-	0xa644, 0xa644,
-	0xa646, 0xa646,
-	0xa648, 0xa648,
-	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
-	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
-	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
-	0xa650, 0xa650,
-	0xa652, 0xa652,
-	0xa654, 0xa654,
-	0xa656, 0xa656,
-	0xa658, 0xa658,
-	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
-	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
-	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
-	0xa660, 0xa660,
-	0xa662, 0xa662,
-	0xa664, 0xa664,
-	0xa666, 0xa666,
-	0xa668, 0xa668,
-	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
-	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
-	0xa680, 0xa680,
-	0xa682, 0xa682,
-	0xa684, 0xa684,
-	0xa686, 0xa686,
-	0xa688, 0xa688,
-	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
-	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
-	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
-	0xa690, 0xa690,
-	0xa692, 0xa692,
-	0xa694, 0xa694,
-	0xa696, 0xa696,
-	0xa698, 0xa698,
-	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
-	0xa722, 0xa722,
-	0xa724, 0xa724,
-	0xa726, 0xa726,
-	0xa728, 0xa728,
-	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
-	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
-	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
-	0xa732, 0xa732,
-	0xa734, 0xa734,
-	0xa736, 0xa736,
-	0xa738, 0xa738,
-	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
-	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
-	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
-	0xa740, 0xa740,
-	0xa742, 0xa742,
-	0xa744, 0xa744,
-	0xa746, 0xa746,
-	0xa748, 0xa748,
-	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
-	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
-	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
-	0xa750, 0xa750,
-	0xa752, 0xa752,
-	0xa754, 0xa754,
-	0xa756, 0xa756,
-	0xa758, 0xa758,
-	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
-	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
-	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
-	0xa760, 0xa760,
-	0xa762, 0xa762,
-	0xa764, 0xa764,
-	0xa766, 0xa766,
-	0xa768, 0xa768,
-	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
-	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
-	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
-	0xa779, 0xa779,
-	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
-	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
-	0xa780, 0xa780,
-	0xa782, 0xa782,
-	0xa784, 0xa784,
-	0xa786, 0xa786,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
-	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
-	0xa790, 0xa790,
-	0xa792, 0xa792,
-	0xa796, 0xa796,
-	0xa798, 0xa798,
-	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
-	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
-	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
-	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
-	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
-	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
-	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
-	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
-	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
-	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
-	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
-	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
-	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
-	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
-	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
-	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
-	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
-	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0x10400, 0x10427,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
-}; /* CR_Changes_When_Casefolded */
-
-/* 'Changes_When_Casemapped': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Casemapped[] = {
-	131,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x0137,
-	0x0139, 0x018c,
-	0x018e, 0x019a,
-	0x019c, 0x01a9,
-	0x01ac, 0x01b9,
-	0x01bc, 0x01bd,
-	0x01bf, 0x01bf,
-	0x01c4, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0233,
-	0x023a, 0x0254,
-	0x0256, 0x0257,
-	0x0259, 0x0259,
-	0x025b, 0x025c,
-	0x0260, 0x0261,
-	0x0263, 0x0263,
-	0x0265, 0x0266,
-	0x0268, 0x026c,
-	0x026f, 0x026f,
-	0x0271, 0x0272,
-	0x0275, 0x0275,
-	0x027d, 0x027d,
-	0x0280, 0x0280,
-	0x0282, 0x0283,
-	0x0287, 0x028c,
-	0x0292, 0x0292,
-	0x029d, 0x029e,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x0370, 0x0373,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037b, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03d1,
-	0x03d5, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x03fb,
-	0x03fd, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1d79, 0x1d79,
-	0x1d7d, 0x1d7d,
-	0x1d8e, 0x1d8e,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x212a, 0x212b,
-	0x2132, 0x2132,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x217f,
-	0x2183, 0x2184,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c70,
-	0x2c72, 0x2c73,
-	0x2c75, 0x2c76,
-	0x2c7e, 0x2ce3,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0xa640, 0xa66d,
-	0xa680, 0xa69b,
-	0xa722, 0xa72f,
-	0xa732, 0xa76f,
-	0xa779, 0xa787,
-	0xa78b, 0xa78d,
-	0xa790, 0xa794,
-	0xa796, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d6, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa7f6,
-	0xab53, 0xab53,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10400, 0x1044f,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-}; /* CR_Changes_When_Casemapped */
-
-/* 'ID_Start': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Start[] = {
-	659,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0370, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0620, 0x064a,
-	0x066e, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
-	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x0710,
-	0x0712, 0x072f,
-	0x074d, 0x07a5,
-	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
-	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x0815,
-	0x081a, 0x081a,
-	0x0824, 0x0824,
-	0x0828, 0x0828,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x0904, 0x0939,
-	0x093d, 0x093d,
-	0x0950, 0x0950,
-	0x0958, 0x0961,
-	0x0971, 0x0980,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e1,
-	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
-	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
-	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
-	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
-	0x1000, 0x102a,
-	0x103f, 0x103f,
-	0x1050, 0x1055,
-	0x105a, 0x105d,
-	0x1061, 0x1061,
-	0x1065, 0x1066,
-	0x106e, 0x1070,
-	0x1075, 0x1081,
-	0x108e, 0x108e,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1711,
-	0x171f, 0x1731,
-	0x1740, 0x1751,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18a8,
-	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
-	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
-	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2118, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309b, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa61f,
-	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa801,
-	0xa803, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa80a,
-	0xa80c, 0xa822,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
-	0xa90a, 0xa925,
-	0xa930, 0xa946,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
-	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
-	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
-	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
-	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabe2,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
-	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x10375,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
-	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11003, 0x11037,
-	0x11071, 0x11072,
-	0x11075, 0x11075,
-	0x11083, 0x110af,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x11103, 0x11126,
-	0x11144, 0x11144,
-	0x11147, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11183, 0x111b2,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111da, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1122b,
-	0x1123f, 0x11240,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112de,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x1135d, 0x11361,
-	0x11400, 0x11434,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114af,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x11580, 0x115ae,
-	0x115d8, 0x115db,
-	0x11600, 0x1162f,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11680, 0x116aa,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1182b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x1192f,
-	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
-	0x11941, 0x11941,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
-	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
-	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
-	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
-	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_ID_Start */
-
-/* 'ID_Continue': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Continue[] = {
-	768,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x005f, 0x005f,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x0483, 0x0487,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x0620, 0x0669,
-	0x066e, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x0898, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0963,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x0971, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x1000, 0x1049,
-	0x1050, 0x109d,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1369, 0x1371,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1734,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17d3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1946, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x203f, 0x2040,
-	0x2054, 0x2054,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
-	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
-	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2118, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x302f,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66f,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa827,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
-	0xa930, 0xa953,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
-	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11046,
-	0x11066, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x11144, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11173,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111c4,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111ce, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1144a,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x1145e, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
-	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11640,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11739,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183a,
-	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11943,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13440, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_ID_Continue */
-
-/* 'XID_Start': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_XID_Start[] = {
-	666,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0370, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037b, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0620, 0x064a,
-	0x066e, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
-	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x0710,
-	0x0712, 0x072f,
-	0x074d, 0x07a5,
-	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
-	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x0815,
-	0x081a, 0x081a,
-	0x0824, 0x0824,
-	0x0828, 0x0828,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x0904, 0x0939,
-	0x093d, 0x093d,
-	0x0950, 0x0950,
-	0x0958, 0x0961,
-	0x0971, 0x0980,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e1,
-	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
-	0x0e32, 0x0e32,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
-	0x0eb2, 0x0eb2,
-	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
-	0x1000, 0x102a,
-	0x103f, 0x103f,
-	0x1050, 0x1055,
-	0x105a, 0x105d,
-	0x1061, 0x1061,
-	0x1065, 0x1066,
-	0x106e, 0x1070,
-	0x1075, 0x1081,
-	0x108e, 0x108e,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1711,
-	0x171f, 0x1731,
-	0x1740, 0x1751,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18a8,
-	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
-	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
-	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2118, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa61f,
-	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa801,
-	0xa803, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa80a,
-	0xa80c, 0xa822,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
-	0xa90a, 0xa925,
-	0xa930, 0xa946,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
-	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
-	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
-	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
-	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabe2,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
-	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfc5d,
-	0xfc64, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdf9,
-	0xfe71, 0xfe71,
-	0xfe73, 0xfe73,
-	0xfe77, 0xfe77,
-	0xfe79, 0xfe79,
-	0xfe7b, 0xfe7b,
-	0xfe7d, 0xfe7d,
-	0xfe7f, 0xfefc,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xff9d,
-	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x10375,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
-	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11003, 0x11037,
-	0x11071, 0x11072,
-	0x11075, 0x11075,
-	0x11083, 0x110af,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x11103, 0x11126,
-	0x11144, 0x11144,
-	0x11147, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11183, 0x111b2,
-	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
-	0x111da, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1122b,
-	0x1123f, 0x11240,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112de,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x1135d, 0x11361,
-	0x11400, 0x11434,
-	0x11447, 0x1144a,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114af,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x11580, 0x115ae,
-	0x115d8, 0x115db,
-	0x11600, 0x1162f,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11680, 0x116aa,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1182b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118df,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x1192f,
-	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
-	0x11941, 0x11941,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
-	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
-	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
-	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
-	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_XID_Start */
-
-/* 'XID_Continue': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_XID_Continue[] = {
-	775,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x005f, 0x005f,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
-	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
-	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x0374,
-	0x0376, 0x0377,
-	0x037b, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0386, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
-	0x03f7, 0x0481,
-	0x0483, 0x0487,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0560, 0x0588,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x0620, 0x0669,
-	0x066e, 0x06d3,
-	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
-	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
-	0x0710, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x0887,
-	0x0889, 0x088e,
-	0x0898, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0963,
-	0x0966, 0x096f,
-	0x0971, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
-	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
-	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x1000, 0x1049,
-	0x1050, 0x109d,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1369, 0x1371,
-	0x1380, 0x138f,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1401, 0x166c,
-	0x166f, 0x167f,
-	0x1681, 0x169a,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1734,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17d3,
-	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
-	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1946, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
-	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
-	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
-	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
-	0x203f, 0x2040,
-	0x2054, 0x2054,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
-	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
-	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2118, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0x2128, 0x2128,
-	0x212a, 0x2139,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
-	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x3005, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x302f,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x3038, 0x303c,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
-	0xa500, 0xa60c,
-	0xa610, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66f,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa717, 0xa71f,
-	0xa722, 0xa788,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa827,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa840, 0xa873,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
-	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
-	0xa930, 0xa953,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
-	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab69,
-	0xab70, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
-	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfc5d,
-	0xfc64, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdf9,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
-	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
-	0xfe71, 0xfe71,
-	0xfe73, 0xfe73,
-	0xfe77, 0xfe77,
-	0xfe79, 0xfe79,
-	0xfe7b, 0xfe7b,
-	0xfe7d, 0xfe7d,
-	0xfe7f, 0xfefc,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0xff66, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10140, 0x10174,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031f,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
-	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10860, 0x10876,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x10900, 0x10915,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
-	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f1c,
-	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11046,
-	0x11066, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x1113f,
-	0x11144, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11173,
-	0x11176, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111c4,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111ce, 0x111da,
-	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1144a,
-	0x11450, 0x11459,
-	0x1145e, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c5,
-	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
-	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11640,
-	0x11644, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11739,
-	0x11740, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183a,
-	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11943,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e1,
-	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
-	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
-	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
-	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13440, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
-	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_XID_Continue */
-
-/* 'Default_Ignorable_Code_Point': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point[] = {
-	17,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x034f, 0x034f,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x115f, 0x1160,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x180b, 0x180f,
-	0x200b, 0x200f,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2060, 0x206f,
-	0x3164, 0x3164,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xffa0, 0xffa0,
-	0xfff0, 0xfff8,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
-	0xe0000, 0xe0fff,
-}; /* CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Extend': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Extend[] = {
-	363,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-	0x0483, 0x0489,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x064b, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e4,
-	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0816, 0x0819,
-	0x081b, 0x0823,
-	0x0825, 0x0827,
-	0x0829, 0x082d,
-	0x0859, 0x085b,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0902,
-	0x093a, 0x093a,
-	0x093c, 0x093c,
-	0x0941, 0x0948,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x0951, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0981, 0x0981,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09be,
-	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b3f,
-	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
-	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
-	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
-	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
-	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
-	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
-	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
-	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x102d, 0x1030,
-	0x1032, 0x1037,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x103d, 0x103e,
-	0x1058, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x1082,
-	0x1085, 0x1086,
-	0x108d, 0x108d,
-	0x109d, 0x109d,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1712, 0x1714,
-	0x1732, 0x1733,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
-	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
-	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x180f,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x1922,
-	0x1927, 0x1928,
-	0x1932, 0x1932,
-	0x1939, 0x193b,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
-	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
-	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
-	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
-	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
-	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b3a,
-	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
-	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
-	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
-	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
-	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
-	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
-	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
-	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-	0x200c, 0x200c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x302a, 0x302f,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0xa66f, 0xa672,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa825, 0xa826,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92d,
-	0xa947, 0xa951,
-	0xa980, 0xa982,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
-	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
-	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
-	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
-	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
-	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
-	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
-	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
-	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
-	0xabed, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11001, 0x11001,
-	0x11038, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x1107f, 0x11081,
-	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
-	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x1112b,
-	0x1112d, 0x11134,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x11180, 0x11181,
-	0x111b6, 0x111be,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122f, 0x11231,
-	0x11234, 0x11234,
-	0x11236, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112df,
-	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
-	0x11300, 0x11301,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
-	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
-	0x11340, 0x11340,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11438, 0x1143f,
-	0x11442, 0x11444,
-	0x11446, 0x11446,
-	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
-	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
-	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
-	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
-	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
-	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
-	0x115af, 0x115af,
-	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
-	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
-	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11633, 0x1163a,
-	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
-	0x1163f, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
-	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
-	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
-	0x1171d, 0x1171f,
-	0x11722, 0x11725,
-	0x11727, 0x1172b,
-	0x1182f, 0x11837,
-	0x11839, 0x1183a,
-	0x11930, 0x11930,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
-	0x11943, 0x11943,
-	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119db,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
-	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
-	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
-	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
-	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
-	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
-	0x13440, 0x13440,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d165,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16e, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Extend */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Base': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Base[] = {
-	875,
-	0x0020, 0x007e,
-	0x00a0, 0x00ac,
-	0x00ae, 0x02ff,
-	0x0370, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0482,
-	0x048a, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x05be, 0x05be,
-	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
-	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
-	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0606, 0x060f,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061d, 0x064a,
-	0x0660, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06d5,
-	0x06de, 0x06de,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
-	0x06ee, 0x070d,
-	0x0710, 0x0710,
-	0x0712, 0x072f,
-	0x074d, 0x07a5,
-	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07ea,
-	0x07f4, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fe, 0x0815,
-	0x081a, 0x081a,
-	0x0824, 0x0824,
-	0x0828, 0x0828,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x0858,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
-	0x0903, 0x0939,
-	0x093b, 0x093b,
-	0x093d, 0x0940,
-	0x0949, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x0950,
-	0x0958, 0x0961,
-	0x0964, 0x0980,
-	0x0982, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
-	0x09bf, 0x09c0,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e1,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fd,
-	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
-	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abd, 0x0ac0,
-	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
-	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbf, 0x0bbf,
-	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
-	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c80,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbd, 0x0cbe,
-	0x0cc0, 0x0cc1,
-	0x0cc3, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc7, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccb,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
-	0x0d3f, 0x0d40,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
-	0x0d58, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dd0, 0x0dd1,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0dde,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
-	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e46,
-	0x0e4f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
-	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
-	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f17,
-	0x0f1a, 0x0f34,
-	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
-	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
-	0x0f3a, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
-	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
-	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
-	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x102c,
-	0x1031, 0x1031,
-	0x1038, 0x1038,
-	0x103b, 0x103c,
-	0x103f, 0x1057,
-	0x105a, 0x105d,
-	0x1061, 0x1070,
-	0x1075, 0x1081,
-	0x1083, 0x1084,
-	0x1087, 0x108c,
-	0x108e, 0x109c,
-	0x109e, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x1360, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1711,
-	0x1715, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1731,
-	0x1734, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1751,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1780, 0x17b3,
-	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
-	0x17be, 0x17c5,
-	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
-	0x17d4, 0x17dc,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180a,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x1884,
-	0x1887, 0x18a8,
-	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1923, 0x1926,
-	0x1929, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1931,
-	0x1933, 0x1938,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a16,
-	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a55,
-	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
-	0x1a61, 0x1a61,
-	0x1a63, 0x1a64,
-	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
-	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b04, 0x1b33,
-	0x1b3b, 0x1b3b,
-	0x1b3d, 0x1b41,
-	0x1b43, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b6a,
-	0x1b74, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b82, 0x1ba1,
-	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
-	0x1baa, 0x1baa,
-	0x1bae, 0x1be5,
-	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
-	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
-	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
-	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c2b,
-	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
-	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf7,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x200a,
-	0x2010, 0x2027,
-	0x202f, 0x205f,
-	0x2070, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cee,
-	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x3029,
-	0x3030, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309b, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa66e,
-	0xa673, 0xa673,
-	0xa67e, 0xa69d,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
-	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa801,
-	0xa803, 0xa805,
-	0xa807, 0xa80a,
-	0xa80c, 0xa824,
-	0xa827, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8f2, 0xa8fe,
-	0xa900, 0xa925,
-	0xa92e, 0xa946,
-	0xa952, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa983, 0xa9b2,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
-	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
-	0xa9be, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9e4,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
-	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
-	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
-	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
-	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa7d, 0xaaaf,
-	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
-	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
-	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaeb,
-	0xaaee, 0xaaf5,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabe4,
-	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
-	0xabe9, 0xabec,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
-	0xfb1f, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdff,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xff01, 0xff9d,
-	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x10375,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a00,
-	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae4,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d23,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
-	0x10f51, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x11000,
-	0x11002, 0x11037,
-	0x11047, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x11071, 0x11072,
-	0x11075, 0x11075,
-	0x11082, 0x110b2,
-	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
-	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11103, 0x11126,
-	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11172,
-	0x11174, 0x11176,
-	0x11182, 0x111b5,
-	0x111bf, 0x111c8,
-	0x111cd, 0x111ce,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1122e,
-	0x11232, 0x11233,
-	0x11235, 0x11235,
-	0x11238, 0x1123d,
-	0x1123f, 0x11240,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112de,
-	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11302, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
-	0x1133f, 0x1133f,
-	0x11341, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11400, 0x11437,
-	0x11440, 0x11441,
-	0x11445, 0x11445,
-	0x11447, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x1145f, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114af,
-	0x114b1, 0x114b2,
-	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
-	0x114bb, 0x114bc,
-	0x114be, 0x114be,
-	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
-	0x114c4, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115ae,
-	0x115b0, 0x115b1,
-	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
-	0x115be, 0x115be,
-	0x115c1, 0x115db,
-	0x11600, 0x11632,
-	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
-	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
-	0x11641, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116aa,
-	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
-	0x116ae, 0x116af,
-	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
-	0x116b8, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x11720, 0x11721,
-	0x11726, 0x11726,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1182e,
-	0x11838, 0x11838,
-	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x1192f,
-	0x11931, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193d, 0x1193d,
-	0x1193f, 0x11942,
-	0x11944, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d3,
-	0x119dc, 0x119df,
-	0x119e1, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
-	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
-	0x11a39, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
-	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
-	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
-	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
-	0x11a9a, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c2f,
-	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11c40, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
-	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
-	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
-	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
-	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
-	0x11ef5, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f35,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
-	0x11f41, 0x11f41,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-	0x13441, 0x13446,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
-	0x1d166, 0x1d166,
-	0x1d16a, 0x1d16d,
-	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
-	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
-	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
-	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d9ff,
-	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
-	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
-	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
-	0x1da85, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
-	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
-	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
-	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Base */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Link': Derived Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Link[] = {
-	56,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x0a4d, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0c4d, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0ccd, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0e3a, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0eba, 0x0eba,
-	0x0f84, 0x0f84,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x1714, 0x1715,
-	0x1734, 0x1734,
-	0x17d2, 0x17d2,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
-	0x1b44, 0x1b44,
-	0x1baa, 0x1bab,
-	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa953, 0xa953,
-	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabed, 0xabed,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x11046, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x1107f, 0x1107f,
-	0x110b9, 0x110b9,
-	0x11133, 0x11134,
-	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
-	0x11235, 0x11235,
-	0x112ea, 0x112ea,
-	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
-	0x11442, 0x11442,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c2,
-	0x115bf, 0x115bf,
-	0x1163f, 0x1163f,
-	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
-	0x1172b, 0x1172b,
-	0x11839, 0x11839,
-	0x1193d, 0x1193e,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a34, 0x11a34,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a99, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11d44, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x11f41, 0x11f42,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Link */
-
-/* 'Common': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Common[] = {
-	173,
-	0x0000, 0x0040,
-	0x005b, 0x0060,
-	0x007b, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ab, 0x00b9,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bf,
-	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
-	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
-	0x02b9, 0x02df,
-	0x02e5, 0x02e9,
-	0x02ec, 0x02ff,
-	0x0374, 0x0374,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0385, 0x0385,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x0605, 0x0605,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0640, 0x0640,
-	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
-	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
-	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x1802, 0x1803,
-	0x1805, 0x1805,
-	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
-	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
-	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
-	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
-	0x1cf5, 0x1cf7,
-	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
-	0x2000, 0x200b,
-	0x200e, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x207e,
-	0x2080, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x2100, 0x2125,
-	0x2127, 0x2129,
-	0x212c, 0x2131,
-	0x2133, 0x214d,
-	0x214f, 0x215f,
-	0x2189, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x27ff,
-	0x2900, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2bff,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x3004,
-	0x3006, 0x3006,
-	0x3008, 0x3020,
-	0x3030, 0x3037,
-	0x303c, 0x303f,
-	0x309b, 0x309c,
-	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
-	0x30fb, 0x30fc,
-	0x3190, 0x319f,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x3220, 0x325f,
-	0x327f, 0x32cf,
-	0x32ff, 0x32ff,
-	0x3358, 0x33ff,
-	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
-	0xa700, 0xa721,
-	0xa788, 0xa78a,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa92e, 0xa92e,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
-	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
-	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff20,
-	0xff3b, 0xff40,
-	0xff5b, 0xff65,
-	0xff70, 0xff70,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1013f,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
-	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d166,
-	0x1d16a, 0x1d17a,
-	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
-	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
-	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
-	0x1f201, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-}; /* CR_Common */
-
-/* 'Latin': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Latin[] = {
-	39,
-	0x0041, 0x005a,
-	0x0061, 0x007a,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
-	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
-	0x00f8, 0x02b8,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x1d00, 0x1d25,
-	0x1d2c, 0x1d5c,
-	0x1d62, 0x1d65,
-	0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
-	0x1d79, 0x1dbe,
-	0x1e00, 0x1eff,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x212a, 0x212b,
-	0x2132, 0x2132,
-	0x214e, 0x214e,
-	0x2160, 0x2188,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c7f,
-	0xa722, 0xa787,
-	0xa78b, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7ff,
-	0xab30, 0xab5a,
-	0xab5c, 0xab64,
-	0xab66, 0xab69,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xff21, 0xff3a,
-	0xff41, 0xff5a,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-}; /* CR_Latin */
-
-/* 'Greek': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Greek[] = {
-	36,
-	0x0370, 0x0373,
-	0x0375, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037d,
-	0x037f, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x0384,
-	0x0386, 0x0386,
-	0x0388, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03e1,
-	0x03f0, 0x03ff,
-	0x1d26, 0x1d2a,
-	0x1d5d, 0x1d61,
-	0x1d66, 0x1d6a,
-	0x1dbf, 0x1dbf,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2126, 0x2126,
-	0xab65, 0xab65,
-	0x10140, 0x1018e,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-}; /* CR_Greek */
-
-/* 'Cyrillic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cyrillic[] = {
-	10,
-	0x0400, 0x0484,
-	0x0487, 0x052f,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
-	0x1d2b, 0x1d2b,
-	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0xa640, 0xa69f,
-	0xfe2e, 0xfe2f,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-}; /* CR_Cyrillic */
-
-/* 'Armenian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Armenian[] = {
-	4,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-}; /* CR_Armenian */
-
-/* 'Hebrew': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hebrew[] = {
-	9,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfb4f,
-}; /* CR_Hebrew */
-
-/* 'Arabic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Arabic[] = {
-	58,
-	0x0600, 0x0604,
-	0x0606, 0x060b,
-	0x060d, 0x061a,
-	0x061c, 0x061e,
-	0x0620, 0x063f,
-	0x0641, 0x064a,
-	0x0656, 0x066f,
-	0x0671, 0x06dc,
-	0x06de, 0x06ff,
-	0x0750, 0x077f,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x08ff,
-	0xfb50, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
-	0xfd40, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfdcf,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdff,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-}; /* CR_Arabic */
-
-/* 'Syriac': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Syriac[] = {
-	4,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x074f,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-}; /* CR_Syriac */
-
-/* 'Thaana': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Thaana[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0780, 0x07b1,
-}; /* CR_Thaana */
-
-/* 'Devanagari': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Devanagari[] = {
-	5,
-	0x0900, 0x0950,
-	0x0955, 0x0963,
-	0x0966, 0x097f,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8ff,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-}; /* CR_Devanagari */
-
-/* 'Bengali': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bengali[] = {
-	14,
-	0x0980, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-}; /* CR_Bengali */
-
-/* 'Gurmukhi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gurmukhi[] = {
-	16,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-}; /* CR_Gurmukhi */
-
-/* 'Gujarati': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gujarati[] = {
-	14,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-}; /* CR_Gujarati */
-
-/* 'Oriya': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Oriya[] = {
-	14,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-}; /* CR_Oriya */
-
-/* 'Tamil': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tamil[] = {
-	18,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
-}; /* CR_Tamil */
-
-/* 'Telugu': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Telugu[] = {
-	13,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c7f,
-}; /* CR_Telugu */
-
-/* 'Kannada': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kannada[] = {
-	13,
-	0x0c80, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-}; /* CR_Kannada */
-
-/* 'Malayalam': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Malayalam[] = {
-	7,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-}; /* CR_Malayalam */
-
-/* 'Sinhala': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sinhala[] = {
-	13,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-}; /* CR_Sinhala */
-
-/* 'Thai': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Thai[] = {
-	2,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e5b,
-}; /* CR_Thai */
-
-/* 'Lao': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lao[] = {
-	11,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-}; /* CR_Lao */
-
-/* 'Tibetan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tibetan[] = {
-	7,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fd4,
-	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
-}; /* CR_Tibetan */
-
-/* 'Myanmar': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Myanmar[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1000, 0x109f,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa7f,
-}; /* CR_Myanmar */
-
-/* 'Georgian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Georgian[] = {
-	10,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
-	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-}; /* CR_Georgian */
-
-/* 'Hangul': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hangul[] = {
-	14,
-	0x1100, 0x11ff,
-	0x302e, 0x302f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3200, 0x321e,
-	0x3260, 0x327e,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-}; /* CR_Hangul */
-
-/* 'Ethiopic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ethiopic[] = {
-	36,
-	0x1200, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-}; /* CR_Ethiopic */
-
-/* 'Cherokee': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cherokee[] = {
-	3,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-}; /* CR_Cherokee */
-
-/* 'Canadian_Aboriginal': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Canadian_Aboriginal[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1400, 0x167f,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11abf,
-}; /* CR_Canadian_Aboriginal */
-
-/* 'Ogham': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ogham[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-}; /* CR_Ogham */
-
-/* 'Runic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Runic[] = {
-	2,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
-	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
-}; /* CR_Runic */
-
-/* 'Khmer': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khmer[] = {
-	4,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
-}; /* CR_Khmer */
-
-/* 'Mongolian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mongolian[] = {
-	6,
-	0x1800, 0x1801,
-	0x1804, 0x1804,
-	0x1806, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-}; /* CR_Mongolian */
-
-/* 'Hiragana': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hiragana[] = {
-	6,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x309d, 0x309f,
-	0x1b001, 0x1b11f,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1f200, 0x1f200,
-}; /* CR_Hiragana */
-
-/* 'Katakana': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Katakana[] = {
-	14,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
-	0x30fd, 0x30ff,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3357,
-	0xff66, 0xff6f,
-	0xff71, 0xff9d,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b000,
-	0x1b120, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-}; /* CR_Katakana */
-
-/* 'Bopomofo': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bopomofo[] = {
-	3,
-	0x02ea, 0x02eb,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-}; /* CR_Bopomofo */
-
-/* 'Han': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Han[] = {
-	21,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x3005, 0x3005,
-	0x3007, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3038, 0x303b,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0x16fe2, 0x16fe3,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Han */
-
-/* 'Yi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Yi[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-}; /* CR_Yi */
-
-/* 'Old_Italic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Italic[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1032f,
-}; /* CR_Old_Italic */
-
-/* 'Gothic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gothic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-}; /* CR_Gothic */
-
-/* 'Deseret': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Deseret[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10400, 0x1044f,
-}; /* CR_Deseret */
-
-/* 'Inherited': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inherited[] = {
-	29,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-	0x0485, 0x0486,
-	0x064b, 0x0655,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x0951, 0x0954,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
-	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-	0x200c, 0x200d,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x302a, 0x302d,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2d,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133b,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Inherited */
-
-/* 'Tagalog': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tagalog[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x171f,
-}; /* CR_Tagalog */
-
-/* 'Hanunoo': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hanunoo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1720, 0x1734,
-}; /* CR_Hanunoo */
-
-/* 'Buhid': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Buhid[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-}; /* CR_Buhid */
-
-/* 'Tagbanwa': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tagbanwa[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-}; /* CR_Tagbanwa */
-
-/* 'Limbu': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Limbu[] = {
-	5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x194f,
-}; /* CR_Limbu */
-
-/* 'Tai_Le': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Le[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1950, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-}; /* CR_Tai_Le */
-
-/* 'Linear_B': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Linear_B[] = {
-	7,
-	0x10000, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-}; /* CR_Linear_B */
-
-/* 'Ugaritic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ugaritic[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-}; /* CR_Ugaritic */
-
-/* 'Shavian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Shavian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10450, 0x1047f,
-}; /* CR_Shavian */
-
-/* 'Osmanya': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Osmanya[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10480, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-}; /* CR_Osmanya */
-
-/* 'Cypriot': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cypriot[] = {
-	6,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
-}; /* CR_Cypriot */
-
-/* 'Braille': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Braille[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2800, 0x28ff,
-}; /* CR_Braille */
-
-/* 'Buginese': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Buginese[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-}; /* CR_Buginese */
-
-/* 'Coptic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Coptic[] = {
-	3,
-	0x03e2, 0x03ef,
-	0x2c80, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2cff,
-}; /* CR_Coptic */
-
-/* 'New_Tai_Lue': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_New_Tai_Lue[] = {
-	4,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x19df,
-}; /* CR_New_Tai_Lue */
-
-/* 'Glagolitic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Glagolitic[] = {
-	6,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c5f,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-}; /* CR_Glagolitic */
-
-/* 'Tifinagh': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tifinagh[] = {
-	3,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-}; /* CR_Tifinagh */
-
-/* 'Syloti_Nagri': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Syloti_Nagri[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa800, 0xa82c,
-}; /* CR_Syloti_Nagri */
-
-/* 'Old_Persian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Persian[] = {
-	2,
-	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-}; /* CR_Old_Persian */
-
-/* 'Kharoshthi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kharoshthi[] = {
-	8,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-}; /* CR_Kharoshthi */
-
-/* 'Balinese': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Balinese[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-}; /* CR_Balinese */
-
-/* 'Cuneiform': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cuneiform[] = {
-	4,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-}; /* CR_Cuneiform */
-
-/* 'Phoenician': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Phoenician[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-}; /* CR_Phoenician */
-
-/* 'Phags_Pa': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Phags_Pa[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-}; /* CR_Phags_Pa */
-
-/* 'Nko': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nko[] = {
-	2,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x07ff,
-}; /* CR_Nko */
-
-/* 'Sundanese': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sundanese[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bbf,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-}; /* CR_Sundanese */
-
-/* 'Lepcha': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lepcha[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
-}; /* CR_Lepcha */
-
-/* 'Ol_Chiki': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ol_Chiki[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1c50, 0x1c7f,
-}; /* CR_Ol_Chiki */
-
-/* 'Vai': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Vai[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa500, 0xa62b,
-}; /* CR_Vai */
-
-/* 'Saurashtra': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Saurashtra[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-}; /* CR_Saurashtra */
-
-/* 'Kayah_Li': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kayah_Li[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa900, 0xa92d,
-	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
-}; /* CR_Kayah_Li */
-
-/* 'Rejang': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Rejang[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa930, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
-}; /* CR_Rejang */
-
-/* 'Lycian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lycian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-}; /* CR_Lycian */
-
-/* 'Carian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Carian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-}; /* CR_Carian */
-
-/* 'Lydian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lydian[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10920, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-}; /* CR_Lydian */
-
-/* 'Cham': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cham[] = {
-	4,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
-}; /* CR_Cham */
-
-/* 'Tai_Tham': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Tham[] = {
-	5,
-	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-}; /* CR_Tai_Tham */
-
-/* 'Tai_Viet': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Viet[] = {
-	2,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
-}; /* CR_Tai_Viet */
-
-/* 'Avestan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Avestan[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
-}; /* CR_Avestan */
-
-/* 'Egyptian_Hieroglyphs': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x13000, 0x13455,
-}; /* CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs */
-
-/* 'Samaritan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Samaritan[] = {
-	2,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-}; /* CR_Samaritan */
-
-/* 'Lisu': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lisu[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4ff,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-}; /* CR_Lisu */
-
-/* 'Bamum': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bamum[] = {
-	2,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-}; /* CR_Bamum */
-
-/* 'Javanese': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Javanese[] = {
-	3,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-}; /* CR_Javanese */
-
-/* 'Meetei_Mayek': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meetei_Mayek[] = {
-	3,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-}; /* CR_Meetei_Mayek */
-
-/* 'Imperial_Aramaic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Imperial_Aramaic[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10840, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-}; /* CR_Imperial_Aramaic */
-
-/* 'Old_South_Arabian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_South_Arabian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-}; /* CR_Old_South_Arabian */
-
-/* 'Inscriptional_Parthian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inscriptional_Parthian[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
-}; /* CR_Inscriptional_Parthian */
-
-/* 'Inscriptional_Pahlavi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-}; /* CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi */
-
-/* 'Old_Turkic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Turkic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-}; /* CR_Old_Turkic */
-
-/* 'Kaithi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kaithi[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11080, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-}; /* CR_Kaithi */
-
-/* 'Batak': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Batak[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1bc0, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
-}; /* CR_Batak */
-
-/* 'Brahmi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Brahmi[] = {
-	3,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x1107f,
-}; /* CR_Brahmi */
-
-/* 'Mandaic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mandaic[] = {
-	2,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-}; /* CR_Mandaic */
-
-/* 'Chakma': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Chakma[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-}; /* CR_Chakma */
-
-/* 'Meroitic_Cursive': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meroitic_Cursive[] = {
-	3,
-	0x109a0, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
-}; /* CR_Meroitic_Cursive */
-
-/* 'Meroitic_Hieroglyphs': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10980, 0x1099f,
-}; /* CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs */
-
-/* 'Miao': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Miao[] = {
-	3,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-}; /* CR_Miao */
-
-/* 'Sharada': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sharada[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-}; /* CR_Sharada */
-
-/* 'Sora_Sompeng': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sora_Sompeng[] = {
-	2,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-}; /* CR_Sora_Sompeng */
-
-/* 'Takri': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Takri[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-}; /* CR_Takri */
-
-/* 'Caucasian_Albanian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Caucasian_Albanian[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-}; /* CR_Caucasian_Albanian */
-
-/* 'Bassa_Vah': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bassa_Vah[] = {
-	2,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-}; /* CR_Bassa_Vah */
-
-/* 'Duployan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Duployan[] = {
-	5,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9f,
-}; /* CR_Duployan */
-
-/* 'Elbasan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Elbasan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-}; /* CR_Elbasan */
-
-/* 'Grantha': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grantha[] = {
-	15,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133c, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-}; /* CR_Grantha */
-
-/* 'Pahawh_Hmong': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pahawh_Hmong[] = {
-	5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-}; /* CR_Pahawh_Hmong */
-
-/* 'Khojki': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khojki[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11241,
-}; /* CR_Khojki */
-
-/* 'Linear_A': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Linear_A[] = {
-	3,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-}; /* CR_Linear_A */
-
-/* 'Mahajani': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mahajani[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-}; /* CR_Mahajani */
-
-/* 'Manichaean': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Manichaean[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-}; /* CR_Manichaean */
-
-/* 'Mende_Kikakui': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mende_Kikakui[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-}; /* CR_Mende_Kikakui */
-
-/* 'Modi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Modi[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-}; /* CR_Modi */
-
-/* 'Mro': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mro[] = {
-	3,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-}; /* CR_Mro */
-
-/* 'Old_North_Arabian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_North_Arabian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10a80, 0x10a9f,
-}; /* CR_Old_North_Arabian */
-
-/* 'Nabataean': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nabataean[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10880, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-}; /* CR_Nabataean */
-
-/* 'Palmyrene': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Palmyrene[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10860, 0x1087f,
-}; /* CR_Palmyrene */
-
-/* 'Pau_Cin_Hau': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pau_Cin_Hau[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-}; /* CR_Pau_Cin_Hau */
-
-/* 'Old_Permic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Permic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-}; /* CR_Old_Permic */
-
-/* 'Psalter_Pahlavi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Psalter_Pahlavi[] = {
-	3,
-	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-}; /* CR_Psalter_Pahlavi */
-
-/* 'Siddham': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Siddham[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-}; /* CR_Siddham */
-
-/* 'Khudawadi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khudawadi[] = {
-	2,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-}; /* CR_Khudawadi */
-
-/* 'Tirhuta': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tirhuta[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-}; /* CR_Tirhuta */
-
-/* 'Warang_Citi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Warang_Citi[] = {
-	2,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-}; /* CR_Warang_Citi */
-
-/* 'Ahom': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ahom[] = {
-	3,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-}; /* CR_Ahom */
-
-/* 'Anatolian_Hieroglyphs': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-}; /* CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs */
-
-/* 'Hatran': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hatran[] = {
-	3,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
-}; /* CR_Hatran */
-
-/* 'Multani': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Multani[] = {
-	5,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-}; /* CR_Multani */
-
-/* 'Old_Hungarian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Hungarian[] = {
-	3,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-}; /* CR_Old_Hungarian */
-
-/* 'SignWriting': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_SignWriting[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1d800, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-}; /* CR_SignWriting */
-
-/* 'Adlam': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Adlam[] = {
-	3,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-}; /* CR_Adlam */
-
-/* 'Bhaiksuki': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bhaiksuki[] = {
-	4,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-}; /* CR_Bhaiksuki */
-
-/* 'Marchen': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Marchen[] = {
-	3,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-}; /* CR_Marchen */
-
-/* 'Newa': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Newa[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-}; /* CR_Newa */
-
-/* 'Osage': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Osage[] = {
-	2,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-}; /* CR_Osage */
-
-/* 'Tangut': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tangut[] = {
-	4,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe0,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18aff,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-}; /* CR_Tangut */
-
-/* 'Masaram_Gondi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Masaram_Gondi[] = {
-	7,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-}; /* CR_Masaram_Gondi */
-
-/* 'Nushu': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nushu[] = {
-	2,
-	0x16fe1, 0x16fe1,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-}; /* CR_Nushu */
-
-/* 'Soyombo': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Soyombo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-}; /* CR_Soyombo */
-
-/* 'Zanabazar_Square': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zanabazar_Square[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-}; /* CR_Zanabazar_Square */
-
-/* 'Dogra': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dogra[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-}; /* CR_Dogra */
-
-/* 'Gunjala_Gondi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gunjala_Gondi[] = {
-	6,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-}; /* CR_Gunjala_Gondi */
-
-/* 'Makasar': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Makasar[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-}; /* CR_Makasar */
-
-/* 'Medefaidrin': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Medefaidrin[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-}; /* CR_Medefaidrin */
-
-/* 'Hanifi_Rohingya': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hanifi_Rohingya[] = {
-	2,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-}; /* CR_Hanifi_Rohingya */
-
-/* 'Sogdian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sogdian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-}; /* CR_Sogdian */
-
-/* 'Old_Sogdian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Sogdian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-}; /* CR_Old_Sogdian */
-
-/* 'Elymaic': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Elymaic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-}; /* CR_Elymaic */
-
-/* 'Nandinagari': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nandinagari[] = {
-	3,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-}; /* CR_Nandinagari */
-
-/* 'Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong[] = {
-	4,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-}; /* CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong */
-
-/* 'Wancho': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Wancho[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-}; /* CR_Wancho */
-
-/* 'Chorasmian': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Chorasmian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-}; /* CR_Chorasmian */
-
-/* 'Dives_Akuru': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dives_Akuru[] = {
-	8,
-	0x11900, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-}; /* CR_Dives_Akuru */
-
-/* 'Khitan_Small_Script': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khitan_Small_Script[] = {
-	2,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x18b00, 0x18cd5,
-}; /* CR_Khitan_Small_Script */
-
-/* 'Yezidi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Yezidi[] = {
-	3,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-}; /* CR_Yezidi */
-
-/* 'Cypro_Minoan': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cypro_Minoan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-}; /* CR_Cypro_Minoan */
-
-/* 'Old_Uyghur': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Uyghur[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-}; /* CR_Old_Uyghur */
-
-/* 'Tangsa': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tangsa[] = {
-	2,
-	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-}; /* CR_Tangsa */
-
-/* 'Toto': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Toto[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-}; /* CR_Toto */
-
-/* 'Vithkuqi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Vithkuqi[] = {
-	8,
-	0x10570, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-}; /* CR_Vithkuqi */
-
-/* 'Kawi': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kawi[] = {
-	3,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
-}; /* CR_Kawi */
-
-/* 'Nag_Mundari': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nag_Mundari[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-}; /* CR_Nag_Mundari */
-
-/* 'White_Space': Binary Property */
-#define CR_White_Space CR_Space
-
-/* 'Bidi_Control': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bidi_Control[] = {
-	4,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x200e, 0x200f,
-	0x202a, 0x202e,
-	0x2066, 0x2069,
-}; /* CR_Bidi_Control */
-
-/* 'Join_Control': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Join_Control[] = {
-	1,
-	0x200c, 0x200d,
-}; /* CR_Join_Control */
-
-/* 'Dash': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dash[] = {
-	23,
-	0x002d, 0x002d,
-	0x058a, 0x058a,
-	0x05be, 0x05be,
-	0x1400, 0x1400,
-	0x1806, 0x1806,
-	0x2010, 0x2015,
-	0x2053, 0x2053,
-	0x207b, 0x207b,
-	0x208b, 0x208b,
-	0x2212, 0x2212,
-	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
-	0x2e1a, 0x2e1a,
-	0x2e3a, 0x2e3b,
-	0x2e40, 0x2e40,
-	0x2e5d, 0x2e5d,
-	0x301c, 0x301c,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
-	0xfe31, 0xfe32,
-	0xfe58, 0xfe58,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
-	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
-}; /* CR_Dash */
-
-/* 'Hyphen': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hyphen[] = {
-	10,
-	0x002d, 0x002d,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x058a, 0x058a,
-	0x1806, 0x1806,
-	0x2010, 0x2011,
-	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
-	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
-	0xff65, 0xff65,
-}; /* CR_Hyphen */
-
-/* 'Quotation_Mark': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Quotation_Mark[] = {
-	13,
-	0x0022, 0x0022,
-	0x0027, 0x0027,
-	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
-	0x2018, 0x201f,
-	0x2039, 0x203a,
-	0x2e42, 0x2e42,
-	0x300c, 0x300f,
-	0x301d, 0x301f,
-	0xfe41, 0xfe44,
-	0xff02, 0xff02,
-	0xff07, 0xff07,
-	0xff62, 0xff63,
-}; /* CR_Quotation_Mark */
-
-/* 'Terminal_Punctuation': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Terminal_Punctuation[] = {
-	108,
-	0x0021, 0x0021,
-	0x002c, 0x002c,
-	0x002e, 0x002e,
-	0x003a, 0x003b,
-	0x003f, 0x003f,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061d, 0x061f,
-	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
-	0x0700, 0x070a,
-	0x070c, 0x070c,
-	0x07f8, 0x07f9,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0f08, 0x0f08,
-	0x0f0d, 0x0f12,
-	0x104a, 0x104b,
-	0x1361, 0x1368,
-	0x166e, 0x166e,
-	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
-	0x17da, 0x17da,
-	0x1802, 0x1805,
-	0x1808, 0x1809,
-	0x1944, 0x1945,
-	0x1aa8, 0x1aab,
-	0x1b5a, 0x1b5b,
-	0x1b5d, 0x1b5f,
-	0x1b7d, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
-	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
-	0x203c, 0x203d,
-	0x2047, 0x2049,
-	0x2e2e, 0x2e2e,
-	0x2e3c, 0x2e3c,
-	0x2e41, 0x2e41,
-	0x2e4c, 0x2e4c,
-	0x2e4e, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e53, 0x2e54,
-	0x3001, 0x3002,
-	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
-	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
-	0xa6f3, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa876, 0xa877,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
-	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
-	0xa9c7, 0xa9c9,
-	0xaa5d, 0xaa5f,
-	0xaadf, 0xaadf,
-	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
-	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
-	0xfe50, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe57,
-	0xff01, 0xff01,
-	0xff0c, 0xff0c,
-	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
-	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
-	0xff1f, 0xff1f,
-	0xff61, 0xff61,
-	0xff64, 0xff64,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
-	0x10857, 0x10857,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-	0x10a56, 0x10a57,
-	0x10af0, 0x10af5,
-	0x10b3a, 0x10b3f,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x11047, 0x1104d,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x11141, 0x11143,
-	0x111c5, 0x111c6,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111de, 0x111df,
-	0x11238, 0x1123c,
-	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
-	0x1144b, 0x1144d,
-	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
-	0x115c2, 0x115c5,
-	0x115c9, 0x115d7,
-	0x11641, 0x11642,
-	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
-	0x11944, 0x11944,
-	0x11946, 0x11946,
-	0x11a42, 0x11a43,
-	0x11a9b, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11aa1, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11c41, 0x11c43,
-	0x11c71, 0x11c71,
-	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f44,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b39,
-	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
-	0x16e97, 0x16e98,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1da87, 0x1da8a,
-}; /* CR_Terminal_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'Other_Math': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Math[] = {
-	134,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d2,
-	0x03d5, 0x03d5,
-	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
-	0x03f4, 0x03f5,
-	0x2016, 0x2016,
-	0x2032, 0x2034,
-	0x2040, 0x2040,
-	0x2061, 0x2064,
-	0x207d, 0x207e,
-	0x208d, 0x208e,
-	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
-	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
-	0x20e5, 0x20e6,
-	0x20eb, 0x20ef,
-	0x2102, 0x2102,
-	0x2107, 0x2107,
-	0x210a, 0x2113,
-	0x2115, 0x2115,
-	0x2119, 0x211d,
-	0x2124, 0x2124,
-	0x2128, 0x2129,
-	0x212c, 0x212d,
-	0x212f, 0x2131,
-	0x2133, 0x2138,
-	0x213c, 0x213f,
-	0x2145, 0x2149,
-	0x2195, 0x2199,
-	0x219c, 0x219f,
-	0x21a1, 0x21a2,
-	0x21a4, 0x21a5,
-	0x21a7, 0x21a7,
-	0x21a9, 0x21ad,
-	0x21b0, 0x21b1,
-	0x21b6, 0x21b7,
-	0x21bc, 0x21cd,
-	0x21d0, 0x21d1,
-	0x21d3, 0x21d3,
-	0x21d5, 0x21db,
-	0x21dd, 0x21dd,
-	0x21e4, 0x21e5,
-	0x2308, 0x230b,
-	0x23b4, 0x23b5,
-	0x23b7, 0x23b7,
-	0x23d0, 0x23d0,
-	0x23e2, 0x23e2,
-	0x25a0, 0x25a1,
-	0x25ae, 0x25b6,
-	0x25bc, 0x25c0,
-	0x25c6, 0x25c7,
-	0x25ca, 0x25cb,
-	0x25cf, 0x25d3,
-	0x25e2, 0x25e2,
-	0x25e4, 0x25e4,
-	0x25e7, 0x25ec,
-	0x2605, 0x2606,
-	0x2640, 0x2640,
-	0x2642, 0x2642,
-	0x2660, 0x2663,
-	0x266d, 0x266e,
-	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
-	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
-	0x2983, 0x2998,
-	0x29d8, 0x29db,
-	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
-	0xfe61, 0xfe61,
-	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
-	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
-	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
-	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
-	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
-	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
-	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
-	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
-	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
-	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
-	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
-	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-}; /* CR_Other_Math */
-
-/* 'Hex_Digit': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hex_Digit[] = {
-	6,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x0041, 0x0046,
-	0x0061, 0x0066,
-	0xff10, 0xff19,
-	0xff21, 0xff26,
-	0xff41, 0xff46,
-}; /* CR_Hex_Digit */
-
-/* 'ASCII_Hex_Digit': Binary Property */
-#define CR_ASCII_Hex_Digit CR_XDigit
-
-/* 'Other_Alphabetic': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Alphabetic[] = {
-	240,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x064b, 0x0657,
-	0x0659, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
-	0x06e1, 0x06e4,
-	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ed, 0x06ed,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x073f,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x0816, 0x0817,
-	0x081b, 0x0823,
-	0x0825, 0x0827,
-	0x0829, 0x082c,
-	0x08d4, 0x08df,
-	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
-	0x08f0, 0x0903,
-	0x093a, 0x093b,
-	0x093e, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x094f,
-	0x0955, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0abe, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0afc,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x102b, 0x1036,
-	0x1038, 0x1038,
-	0x103b, 0x103e,
-	0x1056, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1062, 0x1064,
-	0x1067, 0x106d,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x108d,
-	0x108f, 0x108f,
-	0x109a, 0x109d,
-	0x1712, 0x1713,
-	0x1732, 0x1733,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1938,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a55, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
-	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
-	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b04,
-	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b82,
-	0x1ba1, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bac, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c24, 0x1c36,
-	0x1de7, 0x1df4,
-	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0xa674, 0xa67b,
-	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa823, 0xa827,
-	0xa880, 0xa881,
-	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92a,
-	0xa947, 0xa952,
-	0xa980, 0xa983,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabe,
-	0xaaeb, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
-	0xabe3, 0xabea,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x11000, 0x11002,
-	0x11038, 0x11045,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x11080, 0x11082,
-	0x110b0, 0x110b8,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x11132,
-	0x11145, 0x11146,
-	0x11180, 0x11182,
-	0x111b3, 0x111bf,
-	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122c, 0x11234,
-	0x11237, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112e8,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x1133e, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x11362, 0x11363,
-	0x11435, 0x11441,
-	0x11443, 0x11445,
-	0x114b0, 0x114c1,
-	0x115af, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115be,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11630, 0x1163e,
-	0x11640, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116b5,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
-	0x1182c, 0x11838,
-	0x11930, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x11940, 0x11940,
-	0x11942, 0x11942,
-	0x119d1, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119df,
-	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a35, 0x11a39,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a97,
-	0x11c2f, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
-	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
-	0x11f34, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-}; /* CR_Other_Alphabetic */
-
-/* 'Ideographic': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ideographic[] = {
-	20,
-	0x3006, 0x3007,
-	0x3021, 0x3029,
-	0x3038, 0x303a,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
-	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Ideographic */
-
-/* 'Diacritic': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Diacritic[] = {
-	195,
-	0x005e, 0x005e,
-	0x0060, 0x0060,
-	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
-	0x00af, 0x00af,
-	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b8,
-	0x02b0, 0x034e,
-	0x0350, 0x0357,
-	0x035d, 0x0362,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x0384, 0x0385,
-	0x0483, 0x0487,
-	0x0559, 0x0559,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c4,
-	0x064b, 0x0652,
-	0x0657, 0x0658,
-	0x06df, 0x06e0,
-	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ec,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f5,
-	0x0818, 0x0819,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08c9, 0x08d2,
-	0x08e3, 0x08fe,
-	0x093c, 0x093c,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x0951, 0x0954,
-	0x0971, 0x0971,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a4d, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0afd, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b55,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c4d, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0ccd, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0e47, 0x0e4c,
-	0x0e4e, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eba, 0x0eba,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecc,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
-	0x0f82, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x1037, 0x1037,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x1063, 0x1064,
-	0x1069, 0x106d,
-	0x1087, 0x108d,
-	0x108f, 0x108f,
-	0x109a, 0x109b,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1714, 0x1715,
-	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x1939, 0x193b,
-	0x1a75, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1ac1, 0x1acb,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
-	0x1b44, 0x1b44,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1baa, 0x1bab,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf7, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
-	0x1dc4, 0x1dcf,
-	0x1df5, 0x1dff,
-	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
-	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
-	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
-	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
-	0x302a, 0x302f,
-	0x3099, 0x309c,
-	0x30fc, 0x30fc,
-	0xa66f, 0xa66f,
-	0xa67c, 0xa67d,
-	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
-	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa700, 0xa721,
-	0xa788, 0xa78a,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa92b, 0xa92e,
-	0xa953, 0xa953,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
-	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
-	0xaabf, 0xaac2,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab5b, 0xab5f,
-	0xab69, 0xab6b,
-	0xabec, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
-	0xff40, 0xff40,
-	0xff70, 0xff70,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d22, 0x10d27,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11046, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
-	0x11133, 0x11134,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
-	0x111ca, 0x111cc,
-	0x11235, 0x11236,
-	0x112e9, 0x112ea,
-	0x1133c, 0x1133c,
-	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11442, 0x11442,
-	0x11446, 0x11446,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
-	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
-	0x1163f, 0x1163f,
-	0x116b6, 0x116b7,
-	0x1172b, 0x1172b,
-	0x11839, 0x1183a,
-	0x1193d, 0x1193e,
-	0x11943, 0x11943,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a34, 0x11a34,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a99, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11d42, 0x11d42,
-	0x11d44, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e946,
-	0x1e948, 0x1e94a,
-}; /* CR_Diacritic */
-
-/* 'Extender': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Extender[] = {
-	33,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
-	0x02d0, 0x02d1,
-	0x0640, 0x0640,
-	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b55,
-	0x0e46, 0x0e46,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x180a, 0x180a,
-	0x1843, 0x1843,
-	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c36,
-	0x1c7b, 0x1c7b,
-	0x3005, 0x3005,
-	0x3031, 0x3035,
-	0x309d, 0x309e,
-	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
-	0xa015, 0xa015,
-	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
-	0xa9e6, 0xa9e6,
-	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
-	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
-	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
-	0xff70, 0xff70,
-	0x10781, 0x10782,
-	0x1135d, 0x1135d,
-	0x115c6, 0x115c8,
-	0x11a98, 0x11a98,
-	0x16b42, 0x16b43,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
-	0x1e13c, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e946,
-}; /* CR_Extender */
-
-/* 'Other_Lowercase': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Lowercase[] = {
-	28,
-	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
-	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
-	0x02b0, 0x02b8,
-	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
-	0x0345, 0x0345,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
-	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
-	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
-	0x1d9b, 0x1dbf,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x207f, 0x207f,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x2170, 0x217f,
-	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
-	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
-	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
-	0xa770, 0xa770,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa7f4,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
-	0xab5c, 0xab5f,
-	0xab69, 0xab69,
-	0x10780, 0x10780,
-	0x10783, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-}; /* CR_Other_Lowercase */
-
-/* 'Other_Uppercase': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Uppercase[] = {
-	5,
-	0x2160, 0x216f,
-	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
-	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
-}; /* CR_Other_Uppercase */
-
-/* 'Noncharacter_Code_Point': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point[] = {
-	18,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
-	0xfffe, 0xffff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xefffe, 0xeffff,
-	0xffffe, 0xfffff,
-	0x10fffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point */
-
-/* 'Other_Grapheme_Extend': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend[] = {
-	25,
-	0x09be, 0x09be,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b3e,
-	0x0b57, 0x0b57,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
-	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
-	0x1b35, 0x1b35,
-	0x200c, 0x200c,
-	0x302e, 0x302f,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
-	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
-	0x115af, 0x115af,
-	0x11930, 0x11930,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d165,
-	0x1d16e, 0x1d172,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-}; /* CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend */
-
-/* 'IDS_Binary_Operator': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_IDS_Binary_Operator[] = {
-	2,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ff1,
-	0x2ff4, 0x2ffb,
-}; /* CR_IDS_Binary_Operator */
-
-/* 'IDS_Trinary_Operator': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2ff2, 0x2ff3,
-}; /* CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator */
-
-/* 'Radical': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Radical[] = {
-	3,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-}; /* CR_Radical */
-
-/* 'Unified_Ideograph': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Unified_Ideograph[] = {
-	16,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
-	0xfa0e, 0xfa0f,
-	0xfa11, 0xfa11,
-	0xfa13, 0xfa14,
-	0xfa1f, 0xfa1f,
-	0xfa21, 0xfa21,
-	0xfa23, 0xfa24,
-	0xfa27, 0xfa29,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x30000, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_Unified_Ideograph */
-
-/* 'Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point[] = {
-	11,
-	0x034f, 0x034f,
-	0x115f, 0x1160,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x2065, 0x2065,
-	0x3164, 0x3164,
-	0xffa0, 0xffa0,
-	0xfff0, 0xfff8,
-	0xe0000, 0xe0000,
-	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
-	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0xe0fff,
-}; /* CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point */
-
-/* 'Deprecated': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Deprecated[] = {
-	8,
-	0x0149, 0x0149,
-	0x0673, 0x0673,
-	0x0f77, 0x0f77,
-	0x0f79, 0x0f79,
-	0x17a3, 0x17a4,
-	0x206a, 0x206f,
-	0x2329, 0x232a,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-}; /* CR_Deprecated */
-
-/* 'Soft_Dotted': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Soft_Dotted[] = {
-	34,
-	0x0069, 0x006a,
-	0x012f, 0x012f,
-	0x0249, 0x0249,
-	0x0268, 0x0268,
-	0x029d, 0x029d,
-	0x02b2, 0x02b2,
-	0x03f3, 0x03f3,
-	0x0456, 0x0456,
-	0x0458, 0x0458,
-	0x1d62, 0x1d62,
-	0x1d96, 0x1d96,
-	0x1da4, 0x1da4,
-	0x1da8, 0x1da8,
-	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
-	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
-	0x2071, 0x2071,
-	0x2148, 0x2149,
-	0x2c7c, 0x2c7c,
-	0x1d422, 0x1d423,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d457,
-	0x1d48a, 0x1d48b,
-	0x1d4be, 0x1d4bf,
-	0x1d4f2, 0x1d4f3,
-	0x1d526, 0x1d527,
-	0x1d55a, 0x1d55b,
-	0x1d58e, 0x1d58f,
-	0x1d5c2, 0x1d5c3,
-	0x1d5f6, 0x1d5f7,
-	0x1d62a, 0x1d62b,
-	0x1d65e, 0x1d65f,
-	0x1d692, 0x1d693,
-	0x1df1a, 0x1df1a,
-	0x1e04c, 0x1e04d,
-	0x1e068, 0x1e068,
-}; /* CR_Soft_Dotted */
-
-/* 'Logical_Order_Exception': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Logical_Order_Exception[] = {
-	7,
-	0x0e40, 0x0e44,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x19b5, 0x19b7,
-	0x19ba, 0x19ba,
-	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
-	0xaab9, 0xaab9,
-	0xaabb, 0xaabc,
-}; /* CR_Logical_Order_Exception */
-
-/* 'Other_ID_Start': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_ID_Start[] = {
-	4,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x2118, 0x2118,
-	0x212e, 0x212e,
-	0x309b, 0x309c,
-}; /* CR_Other_ID_Start */
-
-/* 'Other_ID_Continue': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_ID_Continue[] = {
-	4,
-	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
-	0x0387, 0x0387,
-	0x1369, 0x1371,
-	0x19da, 0x19da,
-}; /* CR_Other_ID_Continue */
-
-/* 'Sentence_Terminal': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sentence_Terminal[] = {
-	80,
-	0x0021, 0x0021,
-	0x002e, 0x002e,
-	0x003f, 0x003f,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x061d, 0x061f,
-	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
-	0x0700, 0x0702,
-	0x07f9, 0x07f9,
-	0x0837, 0x0837,
-	0x0839, 0x0839,
-	0x083d, 0x083e,
-	0x0964, 0x0965,
-	0x104a, 0x104b,
-	0x1362, 0x1362,
-	0x1367, 0x1368,
-	0x166e, 0x166e,
-	0x1735, 0x1736,
-	0x1803, 0x1803,
-	0x1809, 0x1809,
-	0x1944, 0x1945,
-	0x1aa8, 0x1aab,
-	0x1b5a, 0x1b5b,
-	0x1b5e, 0x1b5f,
-	0x1b7d, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c3c,
-	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
-	0x203c, 0x203d,
-	0x2047, 0x2049,
-	0x2e2e, 0x2e2e,
-	0x2e3c, 0x2e3c,
-	0x2e53, 0x2e54,
-	0x3002, 0x3002,
-	0xa4ff, 0xa4ff,
-	0xa60e, 0xa60f,
-	0xa6f3, 0xa6f3,
-	0xa6f7, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa876, 0xa877,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
-	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
-	0xa9c8, 0xa9c9,
-	0xaa5d, 0xaa5f,
-	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
-	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
-	0xfe52, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe56, 0xfe57,
-	0xff01, 0xff01,
-	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
-	0xff1f, 0xff1f,
-	0xff61, 0xff61,
-	0x10a56, 0x10a57,
-	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
-	0x11047, 0x11048,
-	0x110be, 0x110c1,
-	0x11141, 0x11143,
-	0x111c5, 0x111c6,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111de, 0x111df,
-	0x11238, 0x11239,
-	0x1123b, 0x1123c,
-	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
-	0x1144b, 0x1144c,
-	0x115c2, 0x115c3,
-	0x115c9, 0x115d7,
-	0x11641, 0x11642,
-	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
-	0x11944, 0x11944,
-	0x11946, 0x11946,
-	0x11a42, 0x11a43,
-	0x11a9b, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11c41, 0x11c42,
-	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f43, 0x11f44,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b37, 0x16b38,
-	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
-	0x16e98, 0x16e98,
-	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
-	0x1da88, 0x1da88,
-}; /* CR_Sentence_Terminal */
-
-/* 'Variation_Selector': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Variation_Selector[] = {
-	4,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x180f,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Variation_Selector */
-
-/* 'Pattern_White_Space': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pattern_White_Space[] = {
-	5,
-	0x0009, 0x000d,
-	0x0020, 0x0020,
-	0x0085, 0x0085,
-	0x200e, 0x200f,
-	0x2028, 0x2029,
-}; /* CR_Pattern_White_Space */
-
-/* 'Pattern_Syntax': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pattern_Syntax[] = {
-	28,
-	0x0021, 0x002f,
-	0x003a, 0x0040,
-	0x005b, 0x005e,
-	0x0060, 0x0060,
-	0x007b, 0x007e,
-	0x00a1, 0x00a7,
-	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ab, 0x00ac,
-	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
-	0x00b0, 0x00b1,
-	0x00b6, 0x00b6,
-	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
-	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
-	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
-	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
-	0x2010, 0x2027,
-	0x2030, 0x203e,
-	0x2041, 0x2053,
-	0x2055, 0x205e,
-	0x2190, 0x245f,
-	0x2500, 0x2775,
-	0x2794, 0x2bff,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e7f,
-	0x3001, 0x3003,
-	0x3008, 0x3020,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfe45, 0xfe46,
-}; /* CR_Pattern_Syntax */
-
-/* 'Prepended_Concatenation_Mark': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark[] = {
-	7,
-	0x0600, 0x0605,
-	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
-	0x070f, 0x070f,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
-	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-}; /* CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark */
-
-/* 'Regional_Indicator': Binary Property */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Regional_Indicator[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
-}; /* CR_Regional_Indicator */
-
-/* 'Emoji': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji[] = {
-	151,
-	0x0023, 0x0023,
-	0x002a, 0x002a,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
-	0x203c, 0x203c,
-	0x2049, 0x2049,
-	0x2122, 0x2122,
-	0x2139, 0x2139,
-	0x2194, 0x2199,
-	0x21a9, 0x21aa,
-	0x231a, 0x231b,
-	0x2328, 0x2328,
-	0x23cf, 0x23cf,
-	0x23e9, 0x23f3,
-	0x23f8, 0x23fa,
-	0x24c2, 0x24c2,
-	0x25aa, 0x25ab,
-	0x25b6, 0x25b6,
-	0x25c0, 0x25c0,
-	0x25fb, 0x25fe,
-	0x2600, 0x2604,
-	0x260e, 0x260e,
-	0x2611, 0x2611,
-	0x2614, 0x2615,
-	0x2618, 0x2618,
-	0x261d, 0x261d,
-	0x2620, 0x2620,
-	0x2622, 0x2623,
-	0x2626, 0x2626,
-	0x262a, 0x262a,
-	0x262e, 0x262f,
-	0x2638, 0x263a,
-	0x2640, 0x2640,
-	0x2642, 0x2642,
-	0x2648, 0x2653,
-	0x265f, 0x2660,
-	0x2663, 0x2663,
-	0x2665, 0x2666,
-	0x2668, 0x2668,
-	0x267b, 0x267b,
-	0x267e, 0x267f,
-	0x2692, 0x2697,
-	0x2699, 0x2699,
-	0x269b, 0x269c,
-	0x26a0, 0x26a1,
-	0x26a7, 0x26a7,
-	0x26aa, 0x26ab,
-	0x26b0, 0x26b1,
-	0x26bd, 0x26be,
-	0x26c4, 0x26c5,
-	0x26c8, 0x26c8,
-	0x26ce, 0x26cf,
-	0x26d1, 0x26d1,
-	0x26d3, 0x26d4,
-	0x26e9, 0x26ea,
-	0x26f0, 0x26f5,
-	0x26f7, 0x26fa,
-	0x26fd, 0x26fd,
-	0x2702, 0x2702,
-	0x2705, 0x2705,
-	0x2708, 0x270d,
-	0x270f, 0x270f,
-	0x2712, 0x2712,
-	0x2714, 0x2714,
-	0x2716, 0x2716,
-	0x271d, 0x271d,
-	0x2721, 0x2721,
-	0x2728, 0x2728,
-	0x2733, 0x2734,
-	0x2744, 0x2744,
-	0x2747, 0x2747,
-	0x274c, 0x274c,
-	0x274e, 0x274e,
-	0x2753, 0x2755,
-	0x2757, 0x2757,
-	0x2763, 0x2764,
-	0x2795, 0x2797,
-	0x27a1, 0x27a1,
-	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
-	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
-	0x2934, 0x2935,
-	0x2b05, 0x2b07,
-	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
-	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x303d, 0x303d,
-	0x3297, 0x3297,
-	0x3299, 0x3299,
-	0x1f004, 0x1f004,
-	0x1f0cf, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f171,
-	0x1f17e, 0x1f17f,
-	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
-	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
-	0x1f201, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
-	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
-	0x1f232, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f321,
-	0x1f324, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f396, 0x1f397,
-	0x1f399, 0x1f39b,
-	0x1f39e, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f3f3, 0x1f3f5,
-	0x1f3f7, 0x1f4fd,
-	0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f549, 0x1f54e,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f56f, 0x1f570,
-	0x1f573, 0x1f57a,
-	0x1f587, 0x1f587,
-	0x1f58a, 0x1f58d,
-	0x1f590, 0x1f590,
-	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
-	0x1f5a4, 0x1f5a5,
-	0x1f5a8, 0x1f5a8,
-	0x1f5b1, 0x1f5b2,
-	0x1f5bc, 0x1f5bc,
-	0x1f5c2, 0x1f5c4,
-	0x1f5d1, 0x1f5d3,
-	0x1f5dc, 0x1f5de,
-	0x1f5e1, 0x1f5e1,
-	0x1f5e3, 0x1f5e3,
-	0x1f5e8, 0x1f5e8,
-	0x1f5ef, 0x1f5ef,
-	0x1f5f3, 0x1f5f3,
-	0x1f5fa, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f6cb, 0x1f6d2,
-	0x1f6d5, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6e5,
-	0x1f6e9, 0x1f6e9,
-	0x1f6eb, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f0,
-	0x1f6f3, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
-	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
-	0x1f947, 0x1f9ff,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-}; /* CR_Emoji */
-
-/* 'Emoji_Presentation': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Presentation[] = {
-	81,
-	0x231a, 0x231b,
-	0x23e9, 0x23ec,
-	0x23f0, 0x23f0,
-	0x23f3, 0x23f3,
-	0x25fd, 0x25fe,
-	0x2614, 0x2615,
-	0x2648, 0x2653,
-	0x267f, 0x267f,
-	0x2693, 0x2693,
-	0x26a1, 0x26a1,
-	0x26aa, 0x26ab,
-	0x26bd, 0x26be,
-	0x26c4, 0x26c5,
-	0x26ce, 0x26ce,
-	0x26d4, 0x26d4,
-	0x26ea, 0x26ea,
-	0x26f2, 0x26f3,
-	0x26f5, 0x26f5,
-	0x26fa, 0x26fa,
-	0x26fd, 0x26fd,
-	0x2705, 0x2705,
-	0x270a, 0x270b,
-	0x2728, 0x2728,
-	0x274c, 0x274c,
-	0x274e, 0x274e,
-	0x2753, 0x2755,
-	0x2757, 0x2757,
-	0x2795, 0x2797,
-	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
-	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
-	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
-	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
-	0x1f004, 0x1f004,
-	0x1f0cf, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
-	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
-	0x1f201, 0x1f201,
-	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
-	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
-	0x1f232, 0x1f236,
-	0x1f238, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
-	0x1f32d, 0x1f335,
-	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
-	0x1f37e, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3ca,
-	0x1f3cf, 0x1f3d3,
-	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f3f4, 0x1f3f4,
-	0x1f3f8, 0x1f43e,
-	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f4fc,
-	0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f54b, 0x1f54e,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f57a, 0x1f57a,
-	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
-	0x1f5a4, 0x1f5a4,
-	0x1f5fb, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f6cc, 0x1f6cc,
-	0x1f6d0, 0x1f6d2,
-	0x1f6d5, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6df,
-	0x1f6eb, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f4, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
-	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
-	0x1f947, 0x1f9ff,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-}; /* CR_Emoji_Presentation */
-
-/* 'Emoji_Modifier': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Modifier[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
-}; /* CR_Emoji_Modifier */
-
-/* 'Emoji_Modifier_Base': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base[] = {
-	40,
-	0x261d, 0x261d,
-	0x26f9, 0x26f9,
-	0x270a, 0x270d,
-	0x1f385, 0x1f385,
-	0x1f3c2, 0x1f3c4,
-	0x1f3c7, 0x1f3c7,
-	0x1f3ca, 0x1f3cc,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f443,
-	0x1f446, 0x1f450,
-	0x1f466, 0x1f478,
-	0x1f47c, 0x1f47c,
-	0x1f481, 0x1f483,
-	0x1f485, 0x1f487,
-	0x1f48f, 0x1f48f,
-	0x1f491, 0x1f491,
-	0x1f4aa, 0x1f4aa,
-	0x1f574, 0x1f575,
-	0x1f57a, 0x1f57a,
-	0x1f590, 0x1f590,
-	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f647,
-	0x1f64b, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f6a3, 0x1f6a3,
-	0x1f6b4, 0x1f6b6,
-	0x1f6c0, 0x1f6c0,
-	0x1f6cc, 0x1f6cc,
-	0x1f90c, 0x1f90c,
-	0x1f90f, 0x1f90f,
-	0x1f918, 0x1f91f,
-	0x1f926, 0x1f926,
-	0x1f930, 0x1f939,
-	0x1f93c, 0x1f93e,
-	0x1f977, 0x1f977,
-	0x1f9b5, 0x1f9b6,
-	0x1f9b8, 0x1f9b9,
-	0x1f9bb, 0x1f9bb,
-	0x1f9cd, 0x1f9cf,
-	0x1f9d1, 0x1f9dd,
-	0x1fac3, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-}; /* CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base */
-
-/* 'Emoji_Component': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Component[] = {
-	10,
-	0x0023, 0x0023,
-	0x002a, 0x002a,
-	0x0030, 0x0039,
-	0x200d, 0x200d,
-	0x20e3, 0x20e3,
-	0xfe0f, 0xfe0f,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
-	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
-	0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b3,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-}; /* CR_Emoji_Component */
-
-/* 'Extended_Pictographic': Emoji */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Extended_Pictographic[] = {
-	78,
-	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
-	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
-	0x203c, 0x203c,
-	0x2049, 0x2049,
-	0x2122, 0x2122,
-	0x2139, 0x2139,
-	0x2194, 0x2199,
-	0x21a9, 0x21aa,
-	0x231a, 0x231b,
-	0x2328, 0x2328,
-	0x2388, 0x2388,
-	0x23cf, 0x23cf,
-	0x23e9, 0x23f3,
-	0x23f8, 0x23fa,
-	0x24c2, 0x24c2,
-	0x25aa, 0x25ab,
-	0x25b6, 0x25b6,
-	0x25c0, 0x25c0,
-	0x25fb, 0x25fe,
-	0x2600, 0x2605,
-	0x2607, 0x2612,
-	0x2614, 0x2685,
-	0x2690, 0x2705,
-	0x2708, 0x2712,
-	0x2714, 0x2714,
-	0x2716, 0x2716,
-	0x271d, 0x271d,
-	0x2721, 0x2721,
-	0x2728, 0x2728,
-	0x2733, 0x2734,
-	0x2744, 0x2744,
-	0x2747, 0x2747,
-	0x274c, 0x274c,
-	0x274e, 0x274e,
-	0x2753, 0x2755,
-	0x2757, 0x2757,
-	0x2763, 0x2767,
-	0x2795, 0x2797,
-	0x27a1, 0x27a1,
-	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
-	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
-	0x2934, 0x2935,
-	0x2b05, 0x2b07,
-	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
-	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
-	0x3030, 0x3030,
-	0x303d, 0x303d,
-	0x3297, 0x3297,
-	0x3299, 0x3299,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f0ff,
-	0x1f10d, 0x1f10f,
-	0x1f12f, 0x1f12f,
-	0x1f16c, 0x1f171,
-	0x1f17e, 0x1f17f,
-	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
-	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1ad, 0x1f1e5,
-	0x1f201, 0x1f20f,
-	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
-	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
-	0x1f232, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
-	0x1f249, 0x1f3fa,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f546, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6ff,
-	0x1f774, 0x1f77f,
-	0x1f7d5, 0x1f7ff,
-	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
-	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
-	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
-	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
-	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8ff,
-	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
-	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
-	0x1f947, 0x1faff,
-	0x1fc00, 0x1fffd,
-}; /* CR_Extended_Pictographic */
-
-/* 'Unknown': Script */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Unknown[] = {
-	705,
-	0x0378, 0x0379,
-	0x0380, 0x0383,
-	0x038b, 0x038b,
-	0x038d, 0x038d,
-	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
-	0x0530, 0x0530,
-	0x0557, 0x0558,
-	0x058b, 0x058c,
-	0x0590, 0x0590,
-	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
-	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
-	0x05f5, 0x05ff,
-	0x070e, 0x070e,
-	0x074b, 0x074c,
-	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
-	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
-	0x082e, 0x082f,
-	0x083f, 0x083f,
-	0x085c, 0x085d,
-	0x085f, 0x085f,
-	0x086b, 0x086f,
-	0x088f, 0x088f,
-	0x0892, 0x0897,
-	0x0984, 0x0984,
-	0x098d, 0x098e,
-	0x0991, 0x0992,
-	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
-	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
-	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
-	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
-	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
-	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
-	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
-	0x09d8, 0x09db,
-	0x09de, 0x09de,
-	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
-	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
-	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
-	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
-	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
-	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
-	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
-	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
-	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
-	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
-	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
-	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
-	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
-	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
-	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
-	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
-	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
-	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
-	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
-	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
-	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
-	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
-	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
-	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
-	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
-	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
-	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
-	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
-	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
-	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
-	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
-	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
-	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
-	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
-	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
-	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
-	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
-	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
-	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
-	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
-	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
-	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
-	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
-	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
-	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
-	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
-	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
-	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
-	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
-	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
-	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
-	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
-	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
-	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
-	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
-	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
-	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
-	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
-	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
-	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
-	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
-	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
-	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
-	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
-	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
-	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
-	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
-	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
-	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
-	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
-	0x0c5b, 0x0c5c,
-	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
-	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
-	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
-	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
-	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
-	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
-	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
-	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
-	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
-	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
-	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
-	0x0cd7, 0x0cdc,
-	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
-	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
-	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
-	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
-	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
-	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
-	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
-	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
-	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
-	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
-	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
-	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
-	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
-	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
-	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
-	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
-	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
-	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
-	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
-	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
-	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
-	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
-	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
-	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
-	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
-	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
-	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
-	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
-	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
-	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
-	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
-	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
-	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
-	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
-	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
-	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
-	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
-	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
-	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
-	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
-	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
-	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
-	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
-	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
-	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
-	0x1249, 0x1249,
-	0x124e, 0x124f,
-	0x1257, 0x1257,
-	0x1259, 0x1259,
-	0x125e, 0x125f,
-	0x1289, 0x1289,
-	0x128e, 0x128f,
-	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
-	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
-	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
-	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
-	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
-	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
-	0x1311, 0x1311,
-	0x1316, 0x1317,
-	0x135b, 0x135c,
-	0x137d, 0x137f,
-	0x139a, 0x139f,
-	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
-	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
-	0x169d, 0x169f,
-	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
-	0x1716, 0x171e,
-	0x1737, 0x173f,
-	0x1754, 0x175f,
-	0x176d, 0x176d,
-	0x1771, 0x1771,
-	0x1774, 0x177f,
-	0x17de, 0x17df,
-	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
-	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
-	0x181a, 0x181f,
-	0x1879, 0x187f,
-	0x18ab, 0x18af,
-	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
-	0x191f, 0x191f,
-	0x192c, 0x192f,
-	0x193c, 0x193f,
-	0x1941, 0x1943,
-	0x196e, 0x196f,
-	0x1975, 0x197f,
-	0x19ac, 0x19af,
-	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
-	0x19db, 0x19dd,
-	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
-	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
-	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
-	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
-	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
-	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
-	0x1acf, 0x1aff,
-	0x1b4d, 0x1b4f,
-	0x1b7f, 0x1b7f,
-	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
-	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
-	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
-	0x1c89, 0x1c8f,
-	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
-	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
-	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
-	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
-	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
-	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
-	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
-	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
-	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
-	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
-	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
-	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
-	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
-	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
-	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
-	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
-	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
-	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
-	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
-	0x2065, 0x2065,
-	0x2072, 0x2073,
-	0x208f, 0x208f,
-	0x209d, 0x209f,
-	0x20c1, 0x20cf,
-	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
-	0x218c, 0x218f,
-	0x2427, 0x243f,
-	0x244b, 0x245f,
-	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
-	0x2b96, 0x2b96,
-	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
-	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
-	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
-	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
-	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
-	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
-	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
-	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
-	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
-	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
-	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
-	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
-	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
-	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
-	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
-	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
-	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
-	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
-	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
-	0x2ffc, 0x2fff,
-	0x3040, 0x3040,
-	0x3097, 0x3098,
-	0x3100, 0x3104,
-	0x3130, 0x3130,
-	0x318f, 0x318f,
-	0x31e4, 0x31ef,
-	0x321f, 0x321f,
-	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
-	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
-	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
-	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
-	0xa7cb, 0xa7cf,
-	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
-	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
-	0xa7da, 0xa7f1,
-	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
-	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
-	0xa878, 0xa87f,
-	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
-	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
-	0xa954, 0xa95e,
-	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
-	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
-	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
-	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
-	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
-	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
-	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
-	0xaac3, 0xaada,
-	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
-	0xab07, 0xab08,
-	0xab0f, 0xab10,
-	0xab17, 0xab1f,
-	0xab27, 0xab27,
-	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
-	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
-	0xabee, 0xabef,
-	0xabfa, 0xabff,
-	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
-	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
-	0xd7fc, 0xf8ff,
-	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
-	0xfada, 0xfaff,
-	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
-	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
-	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
-	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
-	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
-	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
-	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
-	0xfbc3, 0xfbd2,
-	0xfd90, 0xfd91,
-	0xfdc8, 0xfdce,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
-	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
-	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
-	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
-	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
-	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
-	0xfefd, 0xfefe,
-	0xff00, 0xff00,
-	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
-	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
-	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
-	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
-	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
-	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
-	0xffef, 0xfff8,
-	0xfffe, 0xffff,
-	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
-	0x10027, 0x10027,
-	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
-	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
-	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
-	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
-	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
-	0x10103, 0x10106,
-	0x10134, 0x10136,
-	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
-	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
-	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
-	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
-	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
-	0x102d1, 0x102df,
-	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
-	0x10324, 0x1032c,
-	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
-	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
-	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
-	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
-	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
-	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
-	0x104aa, 0x104af,
-	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
-	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
-	0x10528, 0x1052f,
-	0x10564, 0x1056e,
-	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
-	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
-	0x10593, 0x10593,
-	0x10596, 0x10596,
-	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
-	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
-	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
-	0x105bd, 0x105ff,
-	0x10737, 0x1073f,
-	0x10756, 0x1075f,
-	0x10768, 0x1077f,
-	0x10786, 0x10786,
-	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
-	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
-	0x10806, 0x10807,
-	0x10809, 0x10809,
-	0x10836, 0x10836,
-	0x10839, 0x1083b,
-	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
-	0x10856, 0x10856,
-	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
-	0x108b0, 0x108df,
-	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
-	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
-	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
-	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
-	0x10940, 0x1097f,
-	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
-	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
-	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
-	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
-	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
-	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
-	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
-	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
-	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
-	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
-	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
-	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
-	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
-	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
-	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
-	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
-	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
-	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
-	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
-	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
-	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
-	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
-	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
-	0x10d3a, 0x10e5f,
-	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
-	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
-	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
-	0x10eb2, 0x10efc,
-	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
-	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
-	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
-	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
-	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
-	0x1104e, 0x11051,
-	0x11076, 0x1107e,
-	0x110c3, 0x110cc,
-	0x110ce, 0x110cf,
-	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
-	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
-	0x11135, 0x11135,
-	0x11148, 0x1114f,
-	0x11177, 0x1117f,
-	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
-	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
-	0x11212, 0x11212,
-	0x11242, 0x1127f,
-	0x11287, 0x11287,
-	0x11289, 0x11289,
-	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
-	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
-	0x112aa, 0x112af,
-	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
-	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
-	0x11304, 0x11304,
-	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
-	0x11311, 0x11312,
-	0x11329, 0x11329,
-	0x11331, 0x11331,
-	0x11334, 0x11334,
-	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
-	0x11345, 0x11346,
-	0x11349, 0x1134a,
-	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
-	0x11351, 0x11356,
-	0x11358, 0x1135c,
-	0x11364, 0x11365,
-	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
-	0x11375, 0x113ff,
-	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
-	0x11462, 0x1147f,
-	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
-	0x114da, 0x1157f,
-	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
-	0x115de, 0x115ff,
-	0x11645, 0x1164f,
-	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
-	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
-	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
-	0x116ca, 0x116ff,
-	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
-	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
-	0x11747, 0x117ff,
-	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
-	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
-	0x11907, 0x11908,
-	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
-	0x11914, 0x11914,
-	0x11917, 0x11917,
-	0x11936, 0x11936,
-	0x11939, 0x1193a,
-	0x11947, 0x1194f,
-	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
-	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
-	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
-	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
-	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
-	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
-	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
-	0x11b0a, 0x11bff,
-	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
-	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
-	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
-	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
-	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
-	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
-	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
-	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
-	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
-	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
-	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
-	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
-	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
-	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
-	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
-	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
-	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
-	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
-	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
-	0x11daa, 0x11edf,
-	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
-	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
-	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
-	0x11f5a, 0x11faf,
-	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
-	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
-	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
-	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
-	0x12475, 0x1247f,
-	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
-	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
-	0x13456, 0x143ff,
-	0x14647, 0x167ff,
-	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
-	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
-	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
-	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
-	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
-	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
-	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
-	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
-	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
-	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
-	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
-	0x16b90, 0x16e3f,
-	0x16e9b, 0x16eff,
-	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
-	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
-	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
-	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
-	0x16ff2, 0x16fff,
-	0x187f8, 0x187ff,
-	0x18cd6, 0x18cff,
-	0x18d09, 0x1afef,
-	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
-	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
-	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
-	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
-	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
-	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
-	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
-	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
-	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
-	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
-	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
-	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
-	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
-	0x1bca4, 0x1ceff,
-	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
-	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
-	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
-	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
-	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
-	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
-	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
-	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
-	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
-	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
-	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
-	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
-	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
-	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
-	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
-	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
-	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
-	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
-	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
-	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
-	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
-	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
-	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
-	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
-	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
-	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
-	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
-	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
-	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
-	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
-	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
-	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
-	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
-	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
-	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
-	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
-	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
-	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
-	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
-	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
-	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
-	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
-	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
-	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
-	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
-	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
-	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
-	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
-	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
-	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
-	0x1e4fa, 0x1e7df,
-	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
-	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
-	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
-	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
-	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
-	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
-	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
-	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
-	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
-	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
-	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
-	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
-	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
-	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
-	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
-	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
-	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
-	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
-	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
-	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
-	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
-	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
-	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
-	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
-	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
-	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
-	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
-	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
-	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
-	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
-	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
-	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
-	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
-	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
-	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
-	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
-	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
-	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
-	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
-	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
-	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
-	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
-	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
-	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
-	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
-	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
-	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
-	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
-	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
-	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
-	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
-	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
-	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
-	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
-	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
-	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
-	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
-	0x1f6d8, 0x1f6db,
-	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
-	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
-	0x1f777, 0x1f77a,
-	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
-	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
-	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
-	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
-	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
-	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
-	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
-	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
-	0x1f8b2, 0x1f8ff,
-	0x1fa54, 0x1fa5f,
-	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
-	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
-	0x1fa89, 0x1fa8f,
-	0x1fabe, 0x1fabe,
-	0x1fac6, 0x1facd,
-	0x1fadc, 0x1fadf,
-	0x1fae9, 0x1faef,
-	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
-	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
-	0x1fbcb, 0x1fbef,
-	0x1fbfa, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
-	0x2b73a, 0x2b73f,
-	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
-	0x2cea2, 0x2ceaf,
-	0x2ebe1, 0x2f7ff,
-	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
-	0x323b0, 0xe0000,
-	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
-	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Unknown */
-
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-/* 'Age_1_1': Derived Age 1.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_1_1[] = {
-	288,
-	0x0000, 0x01f5,
-	0x01fa, 0x0217,
-	0x0250, 0x02a8,
-	0x02b0, 0x02de,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
-	0x0300, 0x0345,
-	0x0360, 0x0361,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
-	0x0401, 0x040c,
-	0x040e, 0x044f,
-	0x0451, 0x045c,
-	0x045e, 0x0486,
-	0x0490, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
-	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
-	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x05b0, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c3,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0652,
-	0x0660, 0x066d,
-	0x0670, 0x06b7,
-	0x06ba, 0x06be,
-	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
-	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9a,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x202e,
-	0x2030, 0x2046,
-	0x206a, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20aa,
-	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
-	0x2100, 0x2138,
-	0x2153, 0x2182,
-	0x2190, 0x21ea,
-	0x2200, 0x22f1,
-	0x2300, 0x2300,
-	0x2302, 0x237a,
-	0x2400, 0x2424,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24ea,
-	0x2500, 0x2595,
-	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
-	0x2600, 0x2613,
-	0x261a, 0x266f,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2767,
-	0x2776, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x3000, 0x3037,
-	0x303f, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3094,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x319f,
-	0x3200, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3260, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xe000, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
-	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff5e,
-	0xff61, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfffd, 0xffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_1_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_2_0': Derived Age 2.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_2_0[] = {
-	312,
-	0x0000, 0x01f5,
-	0x01fa, 0x0217,
-	0x0250, 0x02a8,
-	0x02b0, 0x02de,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
-	0x0300, 0x0345,
-	0x0360, 0x0361,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
-	0x0401, 0x040c,
-	0x040e, 0x044f,
-	0x0451, 0x045c,
-	0x045e, 0x0486,
-	0x0490, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
-	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
-	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0652,
-	0x0660, 0x066d,
-	0x0670, 0x06b7,
-	0x06ba, 0x06be,
-	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
-	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f69,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f95,
-	0x0f97, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fad,
-	0x0fb1, 0x0fb7,
-	0x0fb9, 0x0fb9,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x202e,
-	0x2030, 0x2046,
-	0x206a, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20ab,
-	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
-	0x2100, 0x2138,
-	0x2153, 0x2182,
-	0x2190, 0x21ea,
-	0x2200, 0x22f1,
-	0x2300, 0x2300,
-	0x2302, 0x237a,
-	0x2400, 0x2424,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24ea,
-	0x2500, 0x2595,
-	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
-	0x2600, 0x2613,
-	0x261a, 0x266f,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2767,
-	0x2776, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x3000, 0x3037,
-	0x303f, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3094,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x319f,
-	0x3200, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3260, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
-	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff5e,
-	0xff61, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfffd, 0xffff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_2_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_2_1': Derived Age 2.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_2_1[] = {
-	312,
-	0x0000, 0x01f5,
-	0x01fa, 0x0217,
-	0x0250, 0x02a8,
-	0x02b0, 0x02de,
-	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
-	0x0300, 0x0345,
-	0x0360, 0x0361,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
-	0x03da, 0x03da,
-	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
-	0x03de, 0x03de,
-	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
-	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
-	0x0401, 0x040c,
-	0x040e, 0x044f,
-	0x0451, 0x045c,
-	0x045e, 0x0486,
-	0x0490, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
-	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
-	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x0589,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0652,
-	0x0660, 0x066d,
-	0x0670, 0x06b7,
-	0x06ba, 0x06be,
-	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
-	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f69,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f95,
-	0x0f97, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fad,
-	0x0fb1, 0x0fb7,
-	0x0fb9, 0x0fb9,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x202e,
-	0x2030, 0x2046,
-	0x206a, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20ac,
-	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
-	0x2100, 0x2138,
-	0x2153, 0x2182,
-	0x2190, 0x21ea,
-	0x2200, 0x22f1,
-	0x2300, 0x2300,
-	0x2302, 0x237a,
-	0x2400, 0x2424,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24ea,
-	0x2500, 0x2595,
-	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
-	0x2600, 0x2613,
-	0x261a, 0x266f,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2767,
-	0x2776, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x3000, 0x3037,
-	0x303f, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3094,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x319f,
-	0x3200, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3260, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
-	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff5e,
-	0xff61, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfffc, 0xffff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_2_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_3_0': Derived Age 3.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_0[] = {
-	369,
-	0x0000, 0x021f,
-	0x0222, 0x0233,
-	0x0250, 0x02ad,
-	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x034e,
-	0x0360, 0x0362,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d7,
-	0x03da, 0x03f3,
-	0x0400, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x0489,
-	0x048c, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
-	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0655,
-	0x0660, 0x066d,
-	0x0670, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x072c,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x0780, 0x07b0,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1206,
-	0x1208, 0x1246,
-	0x1248, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1286,
-	0x1288, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12ae,
-	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
-	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
-	0x12f0, 0x130e,
-	0x1310, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x131e,
-	0x1320, 0x1346,
-	0x1348, 0x135a,
-	0x1361, 0x137c,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1780, 0x17dc,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2046,
-	0x2048, 0x204d,
-	0x206a, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20af,
-	0x20d0, 0x20e3,
-	0x2100, 0x213a,
-	0x2153, 0x2183,
-	0x2190, 0x21f3,
-	0x2200, 0x22f1,
-	0x2300, 0x237b,
-	0x237d, 0x239a,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24ea,
-	0x2500, 0x2595,
-	0x25a0, 0x25f7,
-	0x2600, 0x2613,
-	0x2619, 0x2671,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2767,
-	0x2776, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x2800, 0x28ff,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303a,
-	0x303e, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3094,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x3200, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3260, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x3400, 0x4db5,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4a1,
-	0xa4a4, 0xa4b3,
-	0xa4b5, 0xa4c0,
-	0xa4c2, 0xa4c4,
-	0xa4c6, 0xa4c6,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
-	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff5e,
-	0xff61, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xffff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_3_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_3_1': Derived Age 3.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_1[] = {
-	402,
-	0x0000, 0x021f,
-	0x0222, 0x0233,
-	0x0250, 0x02ad,
-	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x034e,
-	0x0360, 0x0362,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03d7,
-	0x03da, 0x03f5,
-	0x0400, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x0489,
-	0x048c, 0x04c4,
-	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
-	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
-	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0655,
-	0x0660, 0x066d,
-	0x0670, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x072c,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x0780, 0x07b0,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1206,
-	0x1208, 0x1246,
-	0x1248, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1286,
-	0x1288, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12ae,
-	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
-	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
-	0x12f0, 0x130e,
-	0x1310, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x131e,
-	0x1320, 0x1346,
-	0x1348, 0x135a,
-	0x1361, 0x137c,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1780, 0x17dc,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2046,
-	0x2048, 0x204d,
-	0x206a, 0x2070,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20af,
-	0x20d0, 0x20e3,
-	0x2100, 0x213a,
-	0x2153, 0x2183,
-	0x2190, 0x21f3,
-	0x2200, 0x22f1,
-	0x2300, 0x237b,
-	0x237d, 0x239a,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24ea,
-	0x2500, 0x2595,
-	0x25a0, 0x25f7,
-	0x2600, 0x2613,
-	0x2619, 0x2671,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2767,
-	0x2776, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x2800, 0x28ff,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303a,
-	0x303e, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3094,
-	0x3099, 0x309e,
-	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x3200, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3260, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32b0,
-	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x3400, 0x4db5,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4a1,
-	0xa4a4, 0xa4b3,
-	0xa4b5, 0xa4c0,
-	0xa4c2, 0xa4c4,
-	0xa4c6, 0xa4c6,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfb,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
-	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xff5e,
-	0xff61, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xffff,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10400, 0x10425,
-	0x10428, 0x1044d,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c0,
-	0x1d4c2, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_3_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_3_2': Derived Age 3.2 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_2[] = {
-	397,
-	0x0000, 0x0220,
-	0x0222, 0x0233,
-	0x0250, 0x02ad,
-	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
-	0x0300, 0x034f,
-	0x0360, 0x036f,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03f6,
-	0x0400, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x04ce,
-	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0500, 0x050f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x060c, 0x060c,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0655,
-	0x0660, 0x06ed,
-	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
-	0x0700, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x072c,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x0780, 0x07b1,
-	0x0901, 0x0903,
-	0x0905, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
-	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f8,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1206,
-	0x1208, 0x1246,
-	0x1248, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1286,
-	0x1288, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12ae,
-	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
-	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
-	0x12f0, 0x130e,
-	0x1310, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x131e,
-	0x1320, 0x1346,
-	0x1348, 0x135a,
-	0x1361, 0x137c,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dc,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2052,
-	0x2057, 0x2057,
-	0x205f, 0x2063,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b1,
-	0x20d0, 0x20ea,
-	0x2100, 0x213a,
-	0x213d, 0x214b,
-	0x2153, 0x2183,
-	0x2190, 0x23ce,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x24fe,
-	0x2500, 0x2613,
-	0x2616, 0x2617,
-	0x2619, 0x267d,
-	0x2680, 0x2689,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
-	0x27f0, 0x2aff,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31f0, 0x321c,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3251, 0x327b,
-	0x327f, 0x32cb,
-	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x3376,
-	0x337b, 0x33dd,
-	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
-	0x3400, 0x4db5,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfc,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe46,
-	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0xffff,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10400, 0x10425,
-	0x10428, 0x1044d,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c0,
-	0x1d4c2, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_3_2 */
-
-/* 'Age_4_0': Derived Age 4.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_4_0[] = {
-	412,
-	0x0000, 0x0236,
-	0x0250, 0x0357,
-	0x035d, 0x036f,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x03fb,
-	0x0400, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x04ce,
-	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
-	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
-	0x0500, 0x050f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05a1,
-	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x060c, 0x0615,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061f, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x0658,
-	0x0660, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x074f,
-	0x0780, 0x07b1,
-	0x0901, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
-	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be7, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10f8,
-	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1206,
-	0x1208, 0x1246,
-	0x1248, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1286,
-	0x1288, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12ae,
-	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
-	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
-	0x12f0, 0x130e,
-	0x1310, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x131e,
-	0x1320, 0x1346,
-	0x1348, 0x135a,
-	0x1361, 0x137c,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
-	0x1d00, 0x1d6b,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2054,
-	0x2057, 0x2057,
-	0x205f, 0x2063,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b1,
-	0x20d0, 0x20ea,
-	0x2100, 0x213b,
-	0x213d, 0x214b,
-	0x2153, 0x2183,
-	0x2190, 0x23d0,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2617,
-	0x2619, 0x267d,
-	0x2680, 0x2691,
-	0x26a0, 0x26a1,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
-	0x27f0, 0x2b0d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3250, 0x327d,
-	0x327f, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fa5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1013f,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_4_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_4_1': Derived Age 4.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_4_1[] = {
-	430,
-	0x0000, 0x0241,
-	0x0250, 0x036f,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037a,
-	0x037e, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x04ce,
-	0x04d0, 0x04f9,
-	0x0500, 0x050f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05b9,
-	0x05bb, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x060b, 0x0615,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x065e,
-	0x0660, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x076d,
-	0x0780, 0x07b1,
-	0x0901, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x097d, 0x097d,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fd1,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135f, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19a9,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dc3,
-	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2063,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x2094,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
-	0x20d0, 0x20eb,
-	0x2100, 0x214c,
-	0x2153, 0x2183,
-	0x2190, 0x23db,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x269c,
-	0x26a0, 0x26b1,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27c0, 0x27c6,
-	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
-	0x27f0, 0x2b13,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e17,
-	0x2e1c, 0x2e1d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31c0, 0x31cf,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3250, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fbb,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa700, 0xa716,
-	0xa800, 0xa82b,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_4_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_5_0': Derived Age 5.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_0[] = {
-	440,
-	0x0000, 0x036f,
-	0x0374, 0x0375,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
-	0x03d0, 0x0486,
-	0x0488, 0x0513,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x060b, 0x0615,
-	0x061b, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x063a,
-	0x0640, 0x065e,
-	0x0660, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x076d,
-	0x0780, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0901, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0970,
-	0x097b, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fcf, 0x0fd1,
-	0x1000, 0x1021,
-	0x1023, 0x1027,
-	0x1029, 0x102a,
-	0x102c, 0x1032,
-	0x1036, 0x1039,
-	0x1040, 0x1059,
-	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135f, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18a9,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19a9,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1d00, 0x1dca,
-	0x1dfe, 0x1e9b,
-	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
-	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2063,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x2094,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
-	0x20d0, 0x20ef,
-	0x2100, 0x214e,
-	0x2153, 0x2184,
-	0x2190, 0x23e7,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x269c,
-	0x26a0, 0x26b2,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
-	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
-	0x27f0, 0x2b1a,
-	0x2b20, 0x2b23,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c6c,
-	0x2c74, 0x2c77,
-	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e17,
-	0x2e1c, 0x2e1d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312c,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31c0, 0x31cf,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3250, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fbb,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa700, 0xa71a,
-	0xa720, 0xa721,
-	0xa800, 0xa82b,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
-	0x10900, 0x10919,
-	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_5_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_5_1': Derived Age 5.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_1[] = {
-	455,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0523,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x0606, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x065e,
-	0x0660, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0901, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094d,
-	0x0950, 0x0954,
-	0x0958, 0x0972,
-	0x097b, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fd4,
-	0x1000, 0x1099,
-	0x109e, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
-	0x1100, 0x1159,
-	0x115f, 0x11a2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
-	0x1200, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135f, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1401, 0x1676,
-	0x1680, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19a9,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
-	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfe, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x2094,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x214f,
-	0x2153, 0x2188,
-	0x2190, 0x23e7,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x269d,
-	0x26a0, 0x26bc,
-	0x26c0, 0x26c3,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x2756,
-	0x2758, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
-	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
-	0x27d0, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b54,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c6f,
-	0x2c71, 0x2c7d,
-	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e30,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x3243,
-	0x3250, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fc3,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa500, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa65f,
-	0xa662, 0xa673,
-	0xa67c, 0xa697,
-	0xa700, 0xa78c,
-	0xa7fb, 0xa82b,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
-	0x10900, 0x10919,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_5_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_5_2': Derived Age 5.2 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_2[] = {
-	495,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0525,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x0606, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x061f,
-	0x0621, 0x065e,
-	0x0660, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0900, 0x0939,
-	0x093c, 0x094e,
-	0x0950, 0x0955,
-	0x0958, 0x0972,
-	0x0979, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
-	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
-	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fd8,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
-	0x1100, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135f, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
-	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf2,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfd, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x2094,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b8,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23e8,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x26cd,
-	0x26cf, 0x26e1,
-	0x26e3, 0x26e3,
-	0x26e8, 0x26ff,
-	0x2701, 0x2704,
-	0x2706, 0x2709,
-	0x270c, 0x2727,
-	0x2729, 0x274b,
-	0x274d, 0x274d,
-	0x274f, 0x2752,
-	0x2756, 0x275e,
-	0x2761, 0x2794,
-	0x2798, 0x27af,
-	0x27b1, 0x27be,
-	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
-	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
-	0x27d0, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
-	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e31,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31b7,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcb,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa65f,
-	0xa662, 0xa673,
-	0xa67c, 0xa697,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78c,
-	0xa7fb, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11080, 0x110c1,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f131, 0x1f131,
-	0x1f13d, 0x1f13d,
-	0x1f13f, 0x1f13f,
-	0x1f142, 0x1f142,
-	0x1f146, 0x1f146,
-	0x1f14a, 0x1f14e,
-	0x1f157, 0x1f157,
-	0x1f15f, 0x1f15f,
-	0x1f179, 0x1f179,
-	0x1f17b, 0x1f17c,
-	0x1f17f, 0x1f17f,
-	0x1f18a, 0x1f18d,
-	0x1f190, 0x1f190,
-	0x1f200, 0x1f200,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f231,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_5_2 */
-
-/* 'Age_6_0': Derived Age 6.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_0[] = {
-	511,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0527,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0603,
-	0x0606, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0900, 0x0977,
-	0x0979, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
-	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
-	0x1100, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
-	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
-	0x1bc0, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf2,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b9,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23f3,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x26ff,
-	0x2701, 0x27ca,
-	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
-	0x27ce, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e31,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcb,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa673,
-	0xa67c, 0xa697,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa791,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7a9,
-	0xa7fa, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
-	0xfa30, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x11080, 0x110c1,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f169,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
-	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
-	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
-	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
-	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
-	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
-	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
-	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
-	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f5fb, 0x1f5ff,
-	0x1f601, 0x1f610,
-	0x1f612, 0x1f614,
-	0x1f616, 0x1f616,
-	0x1f618, 0x1f618,
-	0x1f61a, 0x1f61a,
-	0x1f61c, 0x1f61e,
-	0x1f620, 0x1f625,
-	0x1f628, 0x1f62b,
-	0x1f62d, 0x1f62d,
-	0x1f630, 0x1f633,
-	0x1f635, 0x1f640,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_6_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_6_1': Derived Age 6.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_1[] = {
-	549,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0527,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058f, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0604,
-	0x0606, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
-	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
-	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
-	0x0900, 0x0977,
-	0x0979, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20b9,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23f3,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x26ff,
-	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa697,
-	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa793,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x11080, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11180, 0x111c8,
-	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
-	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
-	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
-	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
-	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
-	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
-	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
-	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
-	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_6_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_6_2': Derived Age 6.2 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_2[] = {
-	549,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0527,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058f, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0604,
-	0x0606, 0x061b,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
-	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
-	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
-	0x0900, 0x0977,
-	0x0979, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x206a, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20ba,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23f3,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x26ff,
-	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa697,
-	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa793,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x11080, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11180, 0x111c8,
-	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
-	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
-	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
-	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
-	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
-	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
-	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
-	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
-	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_6_2 */
-
-/* 'Age_6_3': Derived Age 6.3 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_3[] = {
-	549,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037e,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x0527,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058f, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x0604,
-	0x0606, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
-	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
-	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
-	0x0900, 0x0977,
-	0x0979, 0x097f,
-	0x0981, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
-	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191c,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20ba,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23f3,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x26ff,
-	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
-	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa697,
-	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa793,
-	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
-	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
-	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018a,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x10300, 0x1031e,
-	0x10320, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1085f,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x11080, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11180, 0x111c8,
-	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x12000, 0x1236e,
-	0x12400, 0x12462,
-	0x12470, 0x12473,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
-	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
-	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
-	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
-	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
-	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
-	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
-	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
-	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
-	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
-	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
-	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
-	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_6_3 */
-
-/* 'Age_7_0': Derived Age 7.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_7_0[] = {
-	610,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b2,
-	0x08e4, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bd,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x2189,
-	0x2190, 0x23fa,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
-	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
-	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e42,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa69d,
-	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa78e,
-	0xa790, 0xa7ad,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b1,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab5f,
-	0xab64, 0xab65,
-	0xabc0, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2d,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018c,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x10900, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109be, 0x109bf,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111c8,
-	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111da,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123d,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11301, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133c, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115c9,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x12000, 0x12398,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f32c,
-	0x1f330, 0x1f37d,
-	0x1f380, 0x1f3ce,
-	0x1f3d4, 0x1f3f7,
-	0x1f400, 0x1f4fe,
-	0x1f500, 0x1f54a,
-	0x1f550, 0x1f579,
-	0x1f57b, 0x1f5a3,
-	0x1f5a5, 0x1f642,
-	0x1f645, 0x1f6cf,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f3,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_7_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_8_0': Derived Age 8.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_8_0[] = {
-	623,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08e3, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
-	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
-	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20be,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x23fa,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
-	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
-	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
-	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e42,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fd5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ad,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab65,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018c,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123d,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133c, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x11719,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f579,
-	0x1f57b, 0x1f5a3,
-	0x1f5a5, 0x1f6d0,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f3,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f910, 0x1f918,
-	0x1f980, 0x1f984,
-	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_8_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_9_0': Derived Age 9.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_9_0[] = {
-	648,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
-	0x08d4, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
-	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20be,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x23fe,
-	0x2400, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
-	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
-	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
-	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e44,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312d,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fd5,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab65,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x10330, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133c, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x11459,
-	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x11719,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe0,
-	0x17000, 0x187ec,
-	0x18800, 0x18af2,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d2,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f6,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f910, 0x1f91e,
-	0x1f920, 0x1f927,
-	0x1f930, 0x1f930,
-	0x1f933, 0x1f93e,
-	0x1f940, 0x1f94b,
-	0x1f950, 0x1f95e,
-	0x1f980, 0x1f991,
-	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_9_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_10_0': Derived Age 10.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_10_0[] = {
-	659,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x055f,
-	0x0561, 0x0587,
-	0x0589, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x0800, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
-	0x08d4, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fd,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c83,
-	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1877,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
-	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
-	0x2bca, 0x2bd2,
-	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e49,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312e,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fea,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ae,
-	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
-	0xa900, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab65,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11143,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133c, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x11459,
-	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x11719,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a83,
-	0x11a86, 0x11a9c,
-	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x17000, 0x187ec,
-	0x18800, 0x18af2,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
-	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d4,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f8,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
-	0x1f910, 0x1f93e,
-	0x1f940, 0x1f94c,
-	0x1f950, 0x1f96b,
-	0x1f980, 0x1f997,
-	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
-	0x1f9d0, 0x1f9e6,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_10_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_11_0': Derived Age 11.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_11_0[] = {
-	668,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
-	0x08d3, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c78, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
-	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
-	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
-	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
-	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
-	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
-	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
-	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2bc8,
-	0x2bca, 0x2bfe,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e4e,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7b9,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab65,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11146,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x11459,
-	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145e,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b7,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11a83,
-	0x11a86, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x12000, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
-	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f1,
-	0x18800, 0x18af2,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f16b,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d4,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f9,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
-	0x1f910, 0x1f93e,
-	0x1f940, 0x1f970,
-	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
-	0x1f97a, 0x1f97a,
-	0x1f97c, 0x1f9a2,
-	0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b9,
-	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c2,
-	0x1f9d0, 0x1f9ff,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_11_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_12_0': Derived Age 12.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_12_0[] = {
-	677,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
-	0x08d3, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x32fe,
-	0x3300, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c6,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab67,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11146,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x11459,
-	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145f,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x13430, 0x13438,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18af2,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f16c,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d5,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fa,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
-	0x1f90d, 0x1f971,
-	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
-	0x1f97a, 0x1f9a2,
-	0x1f9a5, 0x1f9aa,
-	0x1f9ae, 0x1f9ca,
-	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa73,
-	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa82,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fa95,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_12_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_12_1': Derived Age 12.1 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_12_1[] = {
-	676,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
-	0x08d3, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b98, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e4f,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31ba,
-	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x4db5,
-	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7c6,
-	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab67,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019b,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11146,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111cd,
-	0x111d0, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x11459,
-	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x1145f,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x13430, 0x13438,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18af2,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
-	0x1f110, 0x1f16c,
-	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d5,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fa,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
-	0x1f90d, 0x1f971,
-	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
-	0x1f97a, 0x1f9a2,
-	0x1f9a5, 0x1f9aa,
-	0x1f9ae, 0x1f9ca,
-	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa73,
-	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa82,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fa95,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_12_1 */
-
-/* 'Age_13_0': Derived Age 13.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_13_0[] = {
-	686,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x061c,
-	0x061e, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
-	0x08b6, 0x08c7,
-	0x08d3, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x170c,
-	0x170e, 0x1714,
-	0x1720, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x180e,
-	0x1810, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ac0,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
-	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2c2e,
-	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
-	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e52,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0x9ffc,
-	0xa000, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
-	0xa7c2, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7f5, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
-	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x1106f,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b8,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x1173f,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x13430, 0x13438,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f978,
-	0x1f97a, 0x1f9cb,
-	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa74,
-	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa86,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1faa8,
-	0x1fab0, 0x1fab6,
-	0x1fac0, 0x1fac2,
-	0x1fad0, 0x1fad6,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6dd,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_13_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_14_0': Derived Age 14.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_14_0[] = {
-	706,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x1123e,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x1342e,
-	0x13430, 0x13438,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dd, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa74,
-	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa86,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1faac,
-	0x1fab0, 0x1faba,
-	0x1fac0, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1fad0, 0x1fad9,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae7,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf6,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b738,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_14_0 */
-
-/* 'Age_15_0': Derived Age 15.0 */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_15_0[] = {
-	715,
-	0x0000, 0x0377,
-	0x037a, 0x037f,
-	0x0384, 0x038a,
-	0x038c, 0x038c,
-	0x038e, 0x03a1,
-	0x03a3, 0x052f,
-	0x0531, 0x0556,
-	0x0559, 0x058a,
-	0x058d, 0x058f,
-	0x0591, 0x05c7,
-	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
-	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
-	0x0600, 0x070d,
-	0x070f, 0x074a,
-	0x074d, 0x07b1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
-	0x07fd, 0x082d,
-	0x0830, 0x083e,
-	0x0840, 0x085b,
-	0x085e, 0x085e,
-	0x0860, 0x086a,
-	0x0870, 0x088e,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x0898, 0x0983,
-	0x0985, 0x098c,
-	0x098f, 0x0990,
-	0x0993, 0x09a8,
-	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
-	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
-	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
-	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
-	0x09df, 0x09e3,
-	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
-	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
-	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
-	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
-	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
-	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
-	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
-	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
-	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
-	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
-	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
-	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
-	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
-	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
-	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
-	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
-	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
-	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
-	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
-	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
-	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
-	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
-	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
-	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
-	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
-	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
-	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
-	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
-	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
-	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
-	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
-	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
-	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
-	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
-	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
-	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
-	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
-	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
-	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
-	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
-	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
-	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
-	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
-	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
-	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
-	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
-	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
-	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
-	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
-	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
-	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
-	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
-	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0de6, 0x0def,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
-	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
-	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
-	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
-	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
-	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
-	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
-	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
-	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
-	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
-	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
-	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
-	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
-	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
-	0x1000, 0x10c5,
-	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
-	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
-	0x10d0, 0x1248,
-	0x124a, 0x124d,
-	0x1250, 0x1256,
-	0x1258, 0x1258,
-	0x125a, 0x125d,
-	0x1260, 0x1288,
-	0x128a, 0x128d,
-	0x1290, 0x12b0,
-	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
-	0x12b8, 0x12be,
-	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
-	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
-	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
-	0x12d8, 0x1310,
-	0x1312, 0x1315,
-	0x1318, 0x135a,
-	0x135d, 0x137c,
-	0x1380, 0x1399,
-	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
-	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
-	0x1400, 0x169c,
-	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
-	0x1700, 0x1715,
-	0x171f, 0x1736,
-	0x1740, 0x1753,
-	0x1760, 0x176c,
-	0x176e, 0x1770,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x1780, 0x17dd,
-	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
-	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
-	0x1800, 0x1819,
-	0x1820, 0x1878,
-	0x1880, 0x18aa,
-	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
-	0x1900, 0x191e,
-	0x1920, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x193b,
-	0x1940, 0x1940,
-	0x1944, 0x196d,
-	0x1970, 0x1974,
-	0x1980, 0x19ab,
-	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
-	0x19d0, 0x19da,
-	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
-	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
-	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
-	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
-	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
-	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
-	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
-	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
-	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
-	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
-	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
-	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
-	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
-	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
-	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
-	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
-	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
-	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
-	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
-	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
-	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
-	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
-	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
-	0x2000, 0x2064,
-	0x2066, 0x2071,
-	0x2074, 0x208e,
-	0x2090, 0x209c,
-	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2100, 0x218b,
-	0x2190, 0x2426,
-	0x2440, 0x244a,
-	0x2460, 0x2b73,
-	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
-	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
-	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
-	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
-	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
-	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
-	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
-	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
-	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
-	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
-	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
-	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
-	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
-	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
-	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
-	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
-	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-	0x3041, 0x3096,
-	0x3099, 0x30ff,
-	0x3105, 0x312f,
-	0x3131, 0x318e,
-	0x3190, 0x31e3,
-	0x31f0, 0x321e,
-	0x3220, 0xa48c,
-	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
-	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
-	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
-	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
-	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
-	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
-	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
-	0xa830, 0xa839,
-	0xa840, 0xa877,
-	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
-	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
-	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
-	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
-	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
-	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
-	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
-	0xab01, 0xab06,
-	0xab09, 0xab0e,
-	0xab11, 0xab16,
-	0xab20, 0xab26,
-	0xab28, 0xab2e,
-	0xab30, 0xab6b,
-	0xab70, 0xabed,
-	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
-	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
-	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
-	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
-	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
-	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
-	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
-	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
-	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
-	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
-	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
-	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
-	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
-	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
-	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
-	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
-	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xff01, 0xffbe,
-	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
-	0xffca, 0xffcf,
-	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
-	0xffda, 0xffdc,
-	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
-	0xffe8, 0xffee,
-	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
-	0x1000d, 0x10026,
-	0x10028, 0x1003a,
-	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
-	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
-	0x10050, 0x1005d,
-	0x10080, 0x100fa,
-	0x10100, 0x10102,
-	0x10107, 0x10133,
-	0x10137, 0x1018e,
-	0x10190, 0x1019c,
-	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
-	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
-	0x10280, 0x1029c,
-	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
-	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
-	0x10300, 0x10323,
-	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
-	0x10350, 0x1037a,
-	0x10380, 0x1039d,
-	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
-	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
-	0x10400, 0x1049d,
-	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
-	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
-	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
-	0x10500, 0x10527,
-	0x10530, 0x10563,
-	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
-	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
-	0x1058c, 0x10592,
-	0x10594, 0x10595,
-	0x10597, 0x105a1,
-	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
-	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
-	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
-	0x10600, 0x10736,
-	0x10740, 0x10755,
-	0x10760, 0x10767,
-	0x10780, 0x10785,
-	0x10787, 0x107b0,
-	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
-	0x10800, 0x10805,
-	0x10808, 0x10808,
-	0x1080a, 0x10835,
-	0x10837, 0x10838,
-	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
-	0x1083f, 0x10855,
-	0x10857, 0x1089e,
-	0x108a7, 0x108af,
-	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
-	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
-	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
-	0x1091f, 0x10939,
-	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
-	0x10980, 0x109b7,
-	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
-	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
-	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
-	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
-	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
-	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
-	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
-	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
-	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
-	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
-	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
-	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
-	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
-	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
-	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
-	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
-	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
-	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
-	0x11000, 0x1104d,
-	0x11052, 0x11075,
-	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
-	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
-	0x11100, 0x11134,
-	0x11136, 0x11147,
-	0x11150, 0x11176,
-	0x11180, 0x111df,
-	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
-	0x11200, 0x11211,
-	0x11213, 0x11241,
-	0x11280, 0x11286,
-	0x11288, 0x11288,
-	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
-	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
-	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
-	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
-	0x11300, 0x11303,
-	0x11305, 0x1130c,
-	0x1130f, 0x11310,
-	0x11313, 0x11328,
-	0x1132a, 0x11330,
-	0x11332, 0x11333,
-	0x11335, 0x11339,
-	0x1133b, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11350, 0x11350,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x1135d, 0x11363,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11400, 0x1145b,
-	0x1145d, 0x11461,
-	0x11480, 0x114c7,
-	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
-	0x11580, 0x115b5,
-	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
-	0x11600, 0x11644,
-	0x11650, 0x11659,
-	0x11660, 0x1166c,
-	0x11680, 0x116b9,
-	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
-	0x11700, 0x1171a,
-	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
-	0x11730, 0x11746,
-	0x11800, 0x1183b,
-	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
-	0x118ff, 0x11906,
-	0x11909, 0x11909,
-	0x1190c, 0x11913,
-	0x11915, 0x11916,
-	0x11918, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193b, 0x11946,
-	0x11950, 0x11959,
-	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
-	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
-	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
-	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
-	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
-	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
-	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
-	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
-	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
-	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
-	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
-	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
-	0x11fff, 0x12399,
-	0x12400, 0x1246e,
-	0x12470, 0x12474,
-	0x12480, 0x12543,
-	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
-	0x13000, 0x13455,
-	0x14400, 0x14646,
-	0x16800, 0x16a38,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
-	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
-	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
-	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
-	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
-	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
-	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
-	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x17000, 0x187f7,
-	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
-	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
-	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
-	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
-	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
-	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
-	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
-	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
-	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
-	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
-	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
-	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
-	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
-	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
-	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
-	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
-	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
-	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
-	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
-	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
-	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
-	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
-	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
-	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
-	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
-	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
-	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
-	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
-	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
-	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
-	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
-	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
-	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
-	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
-	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
-	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
-	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
-	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
-	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
-	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
-	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
-	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
-	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
-	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
-	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
-	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
-	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
-	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
-	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
-	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
-	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
-	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
-	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
-	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
-	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
-	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
-	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
-	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
-	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
-	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
-	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
-	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
-	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
-	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
-	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
-	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
-	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
-	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
-	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
-	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
-	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
-	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
-	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
-	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
-	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
-	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
-	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
-	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
-	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
-	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
-	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
-	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
-	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
-	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
-	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
-	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
-	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
-	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
-	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
-	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
-	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
-	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
-	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
-	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
-	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
-	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
-	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
-	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
-	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
-	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
-	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
-	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
-	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
-	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
-	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
-	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
-	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
-	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
-	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
-	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
-	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
-	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
-	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
-	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
-	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
-	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
-	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_Age_15_0 */
-
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Prepend */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend[] = {
-	15,
-	0x0600, 0x0605,
-	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
-	0x070f, 0x070f,
-	0x0890, 0x0891,
-	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
-	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
-	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
-	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
-	0x111c2, 0x111c3,
-	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
-	0x11941, 0x11941,
-	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
-	0x11a84, 0x11a89,
-	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
-	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=CR */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR[] = {
-	1,
-	0x000d, 0x000d,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LF */
-#define CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF CR_NEWLINE
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Control */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control[] = {
-	19,
-	0x0000, 0x0009,
-	0x000b, 0x000c,
-	0x000e, 0x001f,
-	0x007f, 0x009f,
-	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
-	0x061c, 0x061c,
-	0x180e, 0x180e,
-	0x200b, 0x200b,
-	0x200e, 0x200f,
-	0x2028, 0x202e,
-	0x2060, 0x206f,
-	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
-	0xfff0, 0xfffb,
-	0x13430, 0x1343f,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
-	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
-	0xe0000, 0xe001f,
-	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0xe0fff,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Extend */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend[] = {
-	364,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-	0x0483, 0x0489,
-	0x0591, 0x05bd,
-	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
-	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
-	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
-	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
-	0x0610, 0x061a,
-	0x064b, 0x065f,
-	0x0670, 0x0670,
-	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
-	0x06df, 0x06e4,
-	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
-	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
-	0x0711, 0x0711,
-	0x0730, 0x074a,
-	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
-	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
-	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
-	0x0816, 0x0819,
-	0x081b, 0x0823,
-	0x0825, 0x0827,
-	0x0829, 0x082d,
-	0x0859, 0x085b,
-	0x0898, 0x089f,
-	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
-	0x08e3, 0x0902,
-	0x093a, 0x093a,
-	0x093c, 0x093c,
-	0x0941, 0x0948,
-	0x094d, 0x094d,
-	0x0951, 0x0957,
-	0x0962, 0x0963,
-	0x0981, 0x0981,
-	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
-	0x09be, 0x09be,
-	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
-	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
-	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
-	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
-	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
-	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
-	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
-	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
-	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
-	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
-	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
-	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
-	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
-	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
-	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
-	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
-	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
-	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
-	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
-	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
-	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
-	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
-	0x0b3e, 0x0b3f,
-	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
-	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
-	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
-	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
-	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
-	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
-	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
-	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
-	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
-	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
-	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
-	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
-	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
-	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
-	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
-	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
-	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
-	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
-	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
-	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
-	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
-	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
-	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
-	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
-	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
-	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
-	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
-	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
-	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
-	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
-	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
-	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
-	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
-	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
-	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
-	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
-	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
-	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
-	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
-	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
-	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
-	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
-	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
-	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
-	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
-	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
-	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
-	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
-	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
-	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
-	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
-	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
-	0x102d, 0x1030,
-	0x1032, 0x1037,
-	0x1039, 0x103a,
-	0x103d, 0x103e,
-	0x1058, 0x1059,
-	0x105e, 0x1060,
-	0x1071, 0x1074,
-	0x1082, 0x1082,
-	0x1085, 0x1086,
-	0x108d, 0x108d,
-	0x109d, 0x109d,
-	0x135d, 0x135f,
-	0x1712, 0x1714,
-	0x1732, 0x1733,
-	0x1752, 0x1753,
-	0x1772, 0x1773,
-	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
-	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
-	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
-	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
-	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
-	0x180b, 0x180d,
-	0x180f, 0x180f,
-	0x1885, 0x1886,
-	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
-	0x1920, 0x1922,
-	0x1927, 0x1928,
-	0x1932, 0x1932,
-	0x1939, 0x193b,
-	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
-	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
-	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
-	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
-	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
-	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
-	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
-	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
-	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
-	0x1b34, 0x1b3a,
-	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
-	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
-	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
-	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
-	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
-	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
-	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
-	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
-	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
-	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
-	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
-	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
-	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
-	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
-	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
-	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
-	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
-	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-	0x200c, 0x200c,
-	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
-	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
-	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-	0x302a, 0x302f,
-	0x3099, 0x309a,
-	0xa66f, 0xa672,
-	0xa674, 0xa67d,
-	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
-	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
-	0xa802, 0xa802,
-	0xa806, 0xa806,
-	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
-	0xa825, 0xa826,
-	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
-	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
-	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
-	0xa926, 0xa92d,
-	0xa947, 0xa951,
-	0xa980, 0xa982,
-	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
-	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
-	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
-	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
-	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
-	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
-	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
-	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
-	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
-	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
-	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
-	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
-	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
-	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
-	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
-	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
-	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
-	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
-	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
-	0xabed, 0xabed,
-	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
-	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
-	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
-	0x10376, 0x1037a,
-	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
-	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
-	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
-	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
-	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
-	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
-	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
-	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
-	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
-	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
-	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
-	0x11001, 0x11001,
-	0x11038, 0x11046,
-	0x11070, 0x11070,
-	0x11073, 0x11074,
-	0x1107f, 0x11081,
-	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
-	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
-	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
-	0x11100, 0x11102,
-	0x11127, 0x1112b,
-	0x1112d, 0x11134,
-	0x11173, 0x11173,
-	0x11180, 0x11181,
-	0x111b6, 0x111be,
-	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
-	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
-	0x1122f, 0x11231,
-	0x11234, 0x11234,
-	0x11236, 0x11237,
-	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
-	0x11241, 0x11241,
-	0x112df, 0x112df,
-	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
-	0x11300, 0x11301,
-	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
-	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
-	0x11340, 0x11340,
-	0x11357, 0x11357,
-	0x11366, 0x1136c,
-	0x11370, 0x11374,
-	0x11438, 0x1143f,
-	0x11442, 0x11444,
-	0x11446, 0x11446,
-	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
-	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
-	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
-	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
-	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
-	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
-	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
-	0x115af, 0x115af,
-	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
-	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
-	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
-	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
-	0x11633, 0x1163a,
-	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
-	0x1163f, 0x11640,
-	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
-	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
-	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
-	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
-	0x1171d, 0x1171f,
-	0x11722, 0x11725,
-	0x11727, 0x1172b,
-	0x1182f, 0x11837,
-	0x11839, 0x1183a,
-	0x11930, 0x11930,
-	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
-	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
-	0x11943, 0x11943,
-	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
-	0x119da, 0x119db,
-	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
-	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
-	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
-	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
-	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
-	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
-	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
-	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
-	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
-	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
-	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
-	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
-	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
-	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
-	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
-	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
-	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
-	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
-	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
-	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
-	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
-	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
-	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
-	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
-	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
-	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
-	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
-	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
-	0x13440, 0x13440,
-	0x13447, 0x13455,
-	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
-	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
-	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
-	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
-	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
-	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
-	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
-	0x1d165, 0x1d165,
-	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
-	0x1d16e, 0x1d172,
-	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
-	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
-	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
-	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
-	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
-	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
-	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
-	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
-	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
-	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
-	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
-	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
-	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
-	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
-	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
-	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
-	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
-	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
-	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
-	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
-	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
-	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
-	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Regional_Indicator */
-#define CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator CR_Regional_Indicator
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=SpacingMark */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark[] = {
-	165,
-	0x0903, 0x0903,
-	0x093b, 0x093b,
-	0x093e, 0x0940,
-	0x0949, 0x094c,
-	0x094e, 0x094f,
-	0x0982, 0x0983,
-	0x09bf, 0x09c0,
-	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
-	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
-	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
-	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
-	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
-	0x0abe, 0x0ac0,
-	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
-	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
-	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
-	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
-	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
-	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
-	0x0bbf, 0x0bbf,
-	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
-	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
-	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
-	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
-	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
-	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
-	0x0cbe, 0x0cbe,
-	0x0cc0, 0x0cc1,
-	0x0cc3, 0x0cc4,
-	0x0cc7, 0x0cc8,
-	0x0cca, 0x0ccb,
-	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
-	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
-	0x0d3f, 0x0d40,
-	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
-	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
-	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
-	0x0dd0, 0x0dd1,
-	0x0dd8, 0x0dde,
-	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
-	0x0e33, 0x0e33,
-	0x0eb3, 0x0eb3,
-	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
-	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
-	0x1031, 0x1031,
-	0x103b, 0x103c,
-	0x1056, 0x1057,
-	0x1084, 0x1084,
-	0x1715, 0x1715,
-	0x1734, 0x1734,
-	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
-	0x17be, 0x17c5,
-	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
-	0x1923, 0x1926,
-	0x1929, 0x192b,
-	0x1930, 0x1931,
-	0x1933, 0x1938,
-	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
-	0x1a55, 0x1a55,
-	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
-	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
-	0x1b04, 0x1b04,
-	0x1b3b, 0x1b3b,
-	0x1b3d, 0x1b41,
-	0x1b43, 0x1b44,
-	0x1b82, 0x1b82,
-	0x1ba1, 0x1ba1,
-	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
-	0x1baa, 0x1baa,
-	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
-	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
-	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
-	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
-	0x1c24, 0x1c2b,
-	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
-	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
-	0x1cf7, 0x1cf7,
-	0xa823, 0xa824,
-	0xa827, 0xa827,
-	0xa880, 0xa881,
-	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
-	0xa952, 0xa953,
-	0xa983, 0xa983,
-	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
-	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
-	0xa9be, 0xa9c0,
-	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
-	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
-	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
-	0xaaeb, 0xaaeb,
-	0xaaee, 0xaaef,
-	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
-	0xabe3, 0xabe4,
-	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
-	0xabe9, 0xabea,
-	0xabec, 0xabec,
-	0x11000, 0x11000,
-	0x11002, 0x11002,
-	0x11082, 0x11082,
-	0x110b0, 0x110b2,
-	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
-	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
-	0x11145, 0x11146,
-	0x11182, 0x11182,
-	0x111b3, 0x111b5,
-	0x111bf, 0x111c0,
-	0x111ce, 0x111ce,
-	0x1122c, 0x1122e,
-	0x11232, 0x11233,
-	0x11235, 0x11235,
-	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
-	0x11302, 0x11303,
-	0x1133f, 0x1133f,
-	0x11341, 0x11344,
-	0x11347, 0x11348,
-	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
-	0x11362, 0x11363,
-	0x11435, 0x11437,
-	0x11440, 0x11441,
-	0x11445, 0x11445,
-	0x114b1, 0x114b2,
-	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
-	0x114bb, 0x114bc,
-	0x114be, 0x114be,
-	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
-	0x115b0, 0x115b1,
-	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
-	0x115be, 0x115be,
-	0x11630, 0x11632,
-	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
-	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
-	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
-	0x116ae, 0x116af,
-	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
-	0x11726, 0x11726,
-	0x1182c, 0x1182e,
-	0x11838, 0x11838,
-	0x11931, 0x11935,
-	0x11937, 0x11938,
-	0x1193d, 0x1193d,
-	0x11940, 0x11940,
-	0x11942, 0x11942,
-	0x119d1, 0x119d3,
-	0x119dc, 0x119df,
-	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
-	0x11a39, 0x11a39,
-	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
-	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
-	0x11c2f, 0x11c2f,
-	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
-	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
-	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
-	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
-	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
-	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
-	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
-	0x11ef5, 0x11ef6,
-	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
-	0x11f34, 0x11f35,
-	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
-	0x11f41, 0x11f41,
-	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
-	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
-	0x1d166, 0x1d166,
-	0x1d16d, 0x1d16d,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=L */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1100, 0x115f,
-	0xa960, 0xa97c,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=V */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V[] = {
-	2,
-	0x1160, 0x11a7,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=T */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T[] = {
-	2,
-	0x11a8, 0x11ff,
-	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LV */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV[] = {
-	399,
-	0xac00, 0xac00,
-	0xac1c, 0xac1c,
-	0xac38, 0xac38,
-	0xac54, 0xac54,
-	0xac70, 0xac70,
-	0xac8c, 0xac8c,
-	0xaca8, 0xaca8,
-	0xacc4, 0xacc4,
-	0xace0, 0xace0,
-	0xacfc, 0xacfc,
-	0xad18, 0xad18,
-	0xad34, 0xad34,
-	0xad50, 0xad50,
-	0xad6c, 0xad6c,
-	0xad88, 0xad88,
-	0xada4, 0xada4,
-	0xadc0, 0xadc0,
-	0xaddc, 0xaddc,
-	0xadf8, 0xadf8,
-	0xae14, 0xae14,
-	0xae30, 0xae30,
-	0xae4c, 0xae4c,
-	0xae68, 0xae68,
-	0xae84, 0xae84,
-	0xaea0, 0xaea0,
-	0xaebc, 0xaebc,
-	0xaed8, 0xaed8,
-	0xaef4, 0xaef4,
-	0xaf10, 0xaf10,
-	0xaf2c, 0xaf2c,
-	0xaf48, 0xaf48,
-	0xaf64, 0xaf64,
-	0xaf80, 0xaf80,
-	0xaf9c, 0xaf9c,
-	0xafb8, 0xafb8,
-	0xafd4, 0xafd4,
-	0xaff0, 0xaff0,
-	0xb00c, 0xb00c,
-	0xb028, 0xb028,
-	0xb044, 0xb044,
-	0xb060, 0xb060,
-	0xb07c, 0xb07c,
-	0xb098, 0xb098,
-	0xb0b4, 0xb0b4,
-	0xb0d0, 0xb0d0,
-	0xb0ec, 0xb0ec,
-	0xb108, 0xb108,
-	0xb124, 0xb124,
-	0xb140, 0xb140,
-	0xb15c, 0xb15c,
-	0xb178, 0xb178,
-	0xb194, 0xb194,
-	0xb1b0, 0xb1b0,
-	0xb1cc, 0xb1cc,
-	0xb1e8, 0xb1e8,
-	0xb204, 0xb204,
-	0xb220, 0xb220,
-	0xb23c, 0xb23c,
-	0xb258, 0xb258,
-	0xb274, 0xb274,
-	0xb290, 0xb290,
-	0xb2ac, 0xb2ac,
-	0xb2c8, 0xb2c8,
-	0xb2e4, 0xb2e4,
-	0xb300, 0xb300,
-	0xb31c, 0xb31c,
-	0xb338, 0xb338,
-	0xb354, 0xb354,
-	0xb370, 0xb370,
-	0xb38c, 0xb38c,
-	0xb3a8, 0xb3a8,
-	0xb3c4, 0xb3c4,
-	0xb3e0, 0xb3e0,
-	0xb3fc, 0xb3fc,
-	0xb418, 0xb418,
-	0xb434, 0xb434,
-	0xb450, 0xb450,
-	0xb46c, 0xb46c,
-	0xb488, 0xb488,
-	0xb4a4, 0xb4a4,
-	0xb4c0, 0xb4c0,
-	0xb4dc, 0xb4dc,
-	0xb4f8, 0xb4f8,
-	0xb514, 0xb514,
-	0xb530, 0xb530,
-	0xb54c, 0xb54c,
-	0xb568, 0xb568,
-	0xb584, 0xb584,
-	0xb5a0, 0xb5a0,
-	0xb5bc, 0xb5bc,
-	0xb5d8, 0xb5d8,
-	0xb5f4, 0xb5f4,
-	0xb610, 0xb610,
-	0xb62c, 0xb62c,
-	0xb648, 0xb648,
-	0xb664, 0xb664,
-	0xb680, 0xb680,
-	0xb69c, 0xb69c,
-	0xb6b8, 0xb6b8,
-	0xb6d4, 0xb6d4,
-	0xb6f0, 0xb6f0,
-	0xb70c, 0xb70c,
-	0xb728, 0xb728,
-	0xb744, 0xb744,
-	0xb760, 0xb760,
-	0xb77c, 0xb77c,
-	0xb798, 0xb798,
-	0xb7b4, 0xb7b4,
-	0xb7d0, 0xb7d0,
-	0xb7ec, 0xb7ec,
-	0xb808, 0xb808,
-	0xb824, 0xb824,
-	0xb840, 0xb840,
-	0xb85c, 0xb85c,
-	0xb878, 0xb878,
-	0xb894, 0xb894,
-	0xb8b0, 0xb8b0,
-	0xb8cc, 0xb8cc,
-	0xb8e8, 0xb8e8,
-	0xb904, 0xb904,
-	0xb920, 0xb920,
-	0xb93c, 0xb93c,
-	0xb958, 0xb958,
-	0xb974, 0xb974,
-	0xb990, 0xb990,
-	0xb9ac, 0xb9ac,
-	0xb9c8, 0xb9c8,
-	0xb9e4, 0xb9e4,
-	0xba00, 0xba00,
-	0xba1c, 0xba1c,
-	0xba38, 0xba38,
-	0xba54, 0xba54,
-	0xba70, 0xba70,
-	0xba8c, 0xba8c,
-	0xbaa8, 0xbaa8,
-	0xbac4, 0xbac4,
-	0xbae0, 0xbae0,
-	0xbafc, 0xbafc,
-	0xbb18, 0xbb18,
-	0xbb34, 0xbb34,
-	0xbb50, 0xbb50,
-	0xbb6c, 0xbb6c,
-	0xbb88, 0xbb88,
-	0xbba4, 0xbba4,
-	0xbbc0, 0xbbc0,
-	0xbbdc, 0xbbdc,
-	0xbbf8, 0xbbf8,
-	0xbc14, 0xbc14,
-	0xbc30, 0xbc30,
-	0xbc4c, 0xbc4c,
-	0xbc68, 0xbc68,
-	0xbc84, 0xbc84,
-	0xbca0, 0xbca0,
-	0xbcbc, 0xbcbc,
-	0xbcd8, 0xbcd8,
-	0xbcf4, 0xbcf4,
-	0xbd10, 0xbd10,
-	0xbd2c, 0xbd2c,
-	0xbd48, 0xbd48,
-	0xbd64, 0xbd64,
-	0xbd80, 0xbd80,
-	0xbd9c, 0xbd9c,
-	0xbdb8, 0xbdb8,
-	0xbdd4, 0xbdd4,
-	0xbdf0, 0xbdf0,
-	0xbe0c, 0xbe0c,
-	0xbe28, 0xbe28,
-	0xbe44, 0xbe44,
-	0xbe60, 0xbe60,
-	0xbe7c, 0xbe7c,
-	0xbe98, 0xbe98,
-	0xbeb4, 0xbeb4,
-	0xbed0, 0xbed0,
-	0xbeec, 0xbeec,
-	0xbf08, 0xbf08,
-	0xbf24, 0xbf24,
-	0xbf40, 0xbf40,
-	0xbf5c, 0xbf5c,
-	0xbf78, 0xbf78,
-	0xbf94, 0xbf94,
-	0xbfb0, 0xbfb0,
-	0xbfcc, 0xbfcc,
-	0xbfe8, 0xbfe8,
-	0xc004, 0xc004,
-	0xc020, 0xc020,
-	0xc03c, 0xc03c,
-	0xc058, 0xc058,
-	0xc074, 0xc074,
-	0xc090, 0xc090,
-	0xc0ac, 0xc0ac,
-	0xc0c8, 0xc0c8,
-	0xc0e4, 0xc0e4,
-	0xc100, 0xc100,
-	0xc11c, 0xc11c,
-	0xc138, 0xc138,
-	0xc154, 0xc154,
-	0xc170, 0xc170,
-	0xc18c, 0xc18c,
-	0xc1a8, 0xc1a8,
-	0xc1c4, 0xc1c4,
-	0xc1e0, 0xc1e0,
-	0xc1fc, 0xc1fc,
-	0xc218, 0xc218,
-	0xc234, 0xc234,
-	0xc250, 0xc250,
-	0xc26c, 0xc26c,
-	0xc288, 0xc288,
-	0xc2a4, 0xc2a4,
-	0xc2c0, 0xc2c0,
-	0xc2dc, 0xc2dc,
-	0xc2f8, 0xc2f8,
-	0xc314, 0xc314,
-	0xc330, 0xc330,
-	0xc34c, 0xc34c,
-	0xc368, 0xc368,
-	0xc384, 0xc384,
-	0xc3a0, 0xc3a0,
-	0xc3bc, 0xc3bc,
-	0xc3d8, 0xc3d8,
-	0xc3f4, 0xc3f4,
-	0xc410, 0xc410,
-	0xc42c, 0xc42c,
-	0xc448, 0xc448,
-	0xc464, 0xc464,
-	0xc480, 0xc480,
-	0xc49c, 0xc49c,
-	0xc4b8, 0xc4b8,
-	0xc4d4, 0xc4d4,
-	0xc4f0, 0xc4f0,
-	0xc50c, 0xc50c,
-	0xc528, 0xc528,
-	0xc544, 0xc544,
-	0xc560, 0xc560,
-	0xc57c, 0xc57c,
-	0xc598, 0xc598,
-	0xc5b4, 0xc5b4,
-	0xc5d0, 0xc5d0,
-	0xc5ec, 0xc5ec,
-	0xc608, 0xc608,
-	0xc624, 0xc624,
-	0xc640, 0xc640,
-	0xc65c, 0xc65c,
-	0xc678, 0xc678,
-	0xc694, 0xc694,
-	0xc6b0, 0xc6b0,
-	0xc6cc, 0xc6cc,
-	0xc6e8, 0xc6e8,
-	0xc704, 0xc704,
-	0xc720, 0xc720,
-	0xc73c, 0xc73c,
-	0xc758, 0xc758,
-	0xc774, 0xc774,
-	0xc790, 0xc790,
-	0xc7ac, 0xc7ac,
-	0xc7c8, 0xc7c8,
-	0xc7e4, 0xc7e4,
-	0xc800, 0xc800,
-	0xc81c, 0xc81c,
-	0xc838, 0xc838,
-	0xc854, 0xc854,
-	0xc870, 0xc870,
-	0xc88c, 0xc88c,
-	0xc8a8, 0xc8a8,
-	0xc8c4, 0xc8c4,
-	0xc8e0, 0xc8e0,
-	0xc8fc, 0xc8fc,
-	0xc918, 0xc918,
-	0xc934, 0xc934,
-	0xc950, 0xc950,
-	0xc96c, 0xc96c,
-	0xc988, 0xc988,
-	0xc9a4, 0xc9a4,
-	0xc9c0, 0xc9c0,
-	0xc9dc, 0xc9dc,
-	0xc9f8, 0xc9f8,
-	0xca14, 0xca14,
-	0xca30, 0xca30,
-	0xca4c, 0xca4c,
-	0xca68, 0xca68,
-	0xca84, 0xca84,
-	0xcaa0, 0xcaa0,
-	0xcabc, 0xcabc,
-	0xcad8, 0xcad8,
-	0xcaf4, 0xcaf4,
-	0xcb10, 0xcb10,
-	0xcb2c, 0xcb2c,
-	0xcb48, 0xcb48,
-	0xcb64, 0xcb64,
-	0xcb80, 0xcb80,
-	0xcb9c, 0xcb9c,
-	0xcbb8, 0xcbb8,
-	0xcbd4, 0xcbd4,
-	0xcbf0, 0xcbf0,
-	0xcc0c, 0xcc0c,
-	0xcc28, 0xcc28,
-	0xcc44, 0xcc44,
-	0xcc60, 0xcc60,
-	0xcc7c, 0xcc7c,
-	0xcc98, 0xcc98,
-	0xccb4, 0xccb4,
-	0xccd0, 0xccd0,
-	0xccec, 0xccec,
-	0xcd08, 0xcd08,
-	0xcd24, 0xcd24,
-	0xcd40, 0xcd40,
-	0xcd5c, 0xcd5c,
-	0xcd78, 0xcd78,
-	0xcd94, 0xcd94,
-	0xcdb0, 0xcdb0,
-	0xcdcc, 0xcdcc,
-	0xcde8, 0xcde8,
-	0xce04, 0xce04,
-	0xce20, 0xce20,
-	0xce3c, 0xce3c,
-	0xce58, 0xce58,
-	0xce74, 0xce74,
-	0xce90, 0xce90,
-	0xceac, 0xceac,
-	0xcec8, 0xcec8,
-	0xcee4, 0xcee4,
-	0xcf00, 0xcf00,
-	0xcf1c, 0xcf1c,
-	0xcf38, 0xcf38,
-	0xcf54, 0xcf54,
-	0xcf70, 0xcf70,
-	0xcf8c, 0xcf8c,
-	0xcfa8, 0xcfa8,
-	0xcfc4, 0xcfc4,
-	0xcfe0, 0xcfe0,
-	0xcffc, 0xcffc,
-	0xd018, 0xd018,
-	0xd034, 0xd034,
-	0xd050, 0xd050,
-	0xd06c, 0xd06c,
-	0xd088, 0xd088,
-	0xd0a4, 0xd0a4,
-	0xd0c0, 0xd0c0,
-	0xd0dc, 0xd0dc,
-	0xd0f8, 0xd0f8,
-	0xd114, 0xd114,
-	0xd130, 0xd130,
-	0xd14c, 0xd14c,
-	0xd168, 0xd168,
-	0xd184, 0xd184,
-	0xd1a0, 0xd1a0,
-	0xd1bc, 0xd1bc,
-	0xd1d8, 0xd1d8,
-	0xd1f4, 0xd1f4,
-	0xd210, 0xd210,
-	0xd22c, 0xd22c,
-	0xd248, 0xd248,
-	0xd264, 0xd264,
-	0xd280, 0xd280,
-	0xd29c, 0xd29c,
-	0xd2b8, 0xd2b8,
-	0xd2d4, 0xd2d4,
-	0xd2f0, 0xd2f0,
-	0xd30c, 0xd30c,
-	0xd328, 0xd328,
-	0xd344, 0xd344,
-	0xd360, 0xd360,
-	0xd37c, 0xd37c,
-	0xd398, 0xd398,
-	0xd3b4, 0xd3b4,
-	0xd3d0, 0xd3d0,
-	0xd3ec, 0xd3ec,
-	0xd408, 0xd408,
-	0xd424, 0xd424,
-	0xd440, 0xd440,
-	0xd45c, 0xd45c,
-	0xd478, 0xd478,
-	0xd494, 0xd494,
-	0xd4b0, 0xd4b0,
-	0xd4cc, 0xd4cc,
-	0xd4e8, 0xd4e8,
-	0xd504, 0xd504,
-	0xd520, 0xd520,
-	0xd53c, 0xd53c,
-	0xd558, 0xd558,
-	0xd574, 0xd574,
-	0xd590, 0xd590,
-	0xd5ac, 0xd5ac,
-	0xd5c8, 0xd5c8,
-	0xd5e4, 0xd5e4,
-	0xd600, 0xd600,
-	0xd61c, 0xd61c,
-	0xd638, 0xd638,
-	0xd654, 0xd654,
-	0xd670, 0xd670,
-	0xd68c, 0xd68c,
-	0xd6a8, 0xd6a8,
-	0xd6c4, 0xd6c4,
-	0xd6e0, 0xd6e0,
-	0xd6fc, 0xd6fc,
-	0xd718, 0xd718,
-	0xd734, 0xd734,
-	0xd750, 0xd750,
-	0xd76c, 0xd76c,
-	0xd788, 0xd788,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LVT */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT[] = {
-	399,
-	0xac01, 0xac1b,
-	0xac1d, 0xac37,
-	0xac39, 0xac53,
-	0xac55, 0xac6f,
-	0xac71, 0xac8b,
-	0xac8d, 0xaca7,
-	0xaca9, 0xacc3,
-	0xacc5, 0xacdf,
-	0xace1, 0xacfb,
-	0xacfd, 0xad17,
-	0xad19, 0xad33,
-	0xad35, 0xad4f,
-	0xad51, 0xad6b,
-	0xad6d, 0xad87,
-	0xad89, 0xada3,
-	0xada5, 0xadbf,
-	0xadc1, 0xaddb,
-	0xaddd, 0xadf7,
-	0xadf9, 0xae13,
-	0xae15, 0xae2f,
-	0xae31, 0xae4b,
-	0xae4d, 0xae67,
-	0xae69, 0xae83,
-	0xae85, 0xae9f,
-	0xaea1, 0xaebb,
-	0xaebd, 0xaed7,
-	0xaed9, 0xaef3,
-	0xaef5, 0xaf0f,
-	0xaf11, 0xaf2b,
-	0xaf2d, 0xaf47,
-	0xaf49, 0xaf63,
-	0xaf65, 0xaf7f,
-	0xaf81, 0xaf9b,
-	0xaf9d, 0xafb7,
-	0xafb9, 0xafd3,
-	0xafd5, 0xafef,
-	0xaff1, 0xb00b,
-	0xb00d, 0xb027,
-	0xb029, 0xb043,
-	0xb045, 0xb05f,
-	0xb061, 0xb07b,
-	0xb07d, 0xb097,
-	0xb099, 0xb0b3,
-	0xb0b5, 0xb0cf,
-	0xb0d1, 0xb0eb,
-	0xb0ed, 0xb107,
-	0xb109, 0xb123,
-	0xb125, 0xb13f,
-	0xb141, 0xb15b,
-	0xb15d, 0xb177,
-	0xb179, 0xb193,
-	0xb195, 0xb1af,
-	0xb1b1, 0xb1cb,
-	0xb1cd, 0xb1e7,
-	0xb1e9, 0xb203,
-	0xb205, 0xb21f,
-	0xb221, 0xb23b,
-	0xb23d, 0xb257,
-	0xb259, 0xb273,
-	0xb275, 0xb28f,
-	0xb291, 0xb2ab,
-	0xb2ad, 0xb2c7,
-	0xb2c9, 0xb2e3,
-	0xb2e5, 0xb2ff,
-	0xb301, 0xb31b,
-	0xb31d, 0xb337,
-	0xb339, 0xb353,
-	0xb355, 0xb36f,
-	0xb371, 0xb38b,
-	0xb38d, 0xb3a7,
-	0xb3a9, 0xb3c3,
-	0xb3c5, 0xb3df,
-	0xb3e1, 0xb3fb,
-	0xb3fd, 0xb417,
-	0xb419, 0xb433,
-	0xb435, 0xb44f,
-	0xb451, 0xb46b,
-	0xb46d, 0xb487,
-	0xb489, 0xb4a3,
-	0xb4a5, 0xb4bf,
-	0xb4c1, 0xb4db,
-	0xb4dd, 0xb4f7,
-	0xb4f9, 0xb513,
-	0xb515, 0xb52f,
-	0xb531, 0xb54b,
-	0xb54d, 0xb567,
-	0xb569, 0xb583,
-	0xb585, 0xb59f,
-	0xb5a1, 0xb5bb,
-	0xb5bd, 0xb5d7,
-	0xb5d9, 0xb5f3,
-	0xb5f5, 0xb60f,
-	0xb611, 0xb62b,
-	0xb62d, 0xb647,
-	0xb649, 0xb663,
-	0xb665, 0xb67f,
-	0xb681, 0xb69b,
-	0xb69d, 0xb6b7,
-	0xb6b9, 0xb6d3,
-	0xb6d5, 0xb6ef,
-	0xb6f1, 0xb70b,
-	0xb70d, 0xb727,
-	0xb729, 0xb743,
-	0xb745, 0xb75f,
-	0xb761, 0xb77b,
-	0xb77d, 0xb797,
-	0xb799, 0xb7b3,
-	0xb7b5, 0xb7cf,
-	0xb7d1, 0xb7eb,
-	0xb7ed, 0xb807,
-	0xb809, 0xb823,
-	0xb825, 0xb83f,
-	0xb841, 0xb85b,
-	0xb85d, 0xb877,
-	0xb879, 0xb893,
-	0xb895, 0xb8af,
-	0xb8b1, 0xb8cb,
-	0xb8cd, 0xb8e7,
-	0xb8e9, 0xb903,
-	0xb905, 0xb91f,
-	0xb921, 0xb93b,
-	0xb93d, 0xb957,
-	0xb959, 0xb973,
-	0xb975, 0xb98f,
-	0xb991, 0xb9ab,
-	0xb9ad, 0xb9c7,
-	0xb9c9, 0xb9e3,
-	0xb9e5, 0xb9ff,
-	0xba01, 0xba1b,
-	0xba1d, 0xba37,
-	0xba39, 0xba53,
-	0xba55, 0xba6f,
-	0xba71, 0xba8b,
-	0xba8d, 0xbaa7,
-	0xbaa9, 0xbac3,
-	0xbac5, 0xbadf,
-	0xbae1, 0xbafb,
-	0xbafd, 0xbb17,
-	0xbb19, 0xbb33,
-	0xbb35, 0xbb4f,
-	0xbb51, 0xbb6b,
-	0xbb6d, 0xbb87,
-	0xbb89, 0xbba3,
-	0xbba5, 0xbbbf,
-	0xbbc1, 0xbbdb,
-	0xbbdd, 0xbbf7,
-	0xbbf9, 0xbc13,
-	0xbc15, 0xbc2f,
-	0xbc31, 0xbc4b,
-	0xbc4d, 0xbc67,
-	0xbc69, 0xbc83,
-	0xbc85, 0xbc9f,
-	0xbca1, 0xbcbb,
-	0xbcbd, 0xbcd7,
-	0xbcd9, 0xbcf3,
-	0xbcf5, 0xbd0f,
-	0xbd11, 0xbd2b,
-	0xbd2d, 0xbd47,
-	0xbd49, 0xbd63,
-	0xbd65, 0xbd7f,
-	0xbd81, 0xbd9b,
-	0xbd9d, 0xbdb7,
-	0xbdb9, 0xbdd3,
-	0xbdd5, 0xbdef,
-	0xbdf1, 0xbe0b,
-	0xbe0d, 0xbe27,
-	0xbe29, 0xbe43,
-	0xbe45, 0xbe5f,
-	0xbe61, 0xbe7b,
-	0xbe7d, 0xbe97,
-	0xbe99, 0xbeb3,
-	0xbeb5, 0xbecf,
-	0xbed1, 0xbeeb,
-	0xbeed, 0xbf07,
-	0xbf09, 0xbf23,
-	0xbf25, 0xbf3f,
-	0xbf41, 0xbf5b,
-	0xbf5d, 0xbf77,
-	0xbf79, 0xbf93,
-	0xbf95, 0xbfaf,
-	0xbfb1, 0xbfcb,
-	0xbfcd, 0xbfe7,
-	0xbfe9, 0xc003,
-	0xc005, 0xc01f,
-	0xc021, 0xc03b,
-	0xc03d, 0xc057,
-	0xc059, 0xc073,
-	0xc075, 0xc08f,
-	0xc091, 0xc0ab,
-	0xc0ad, 0xc0c7,
-	0xc0c9, 0xc0e3,
-	0xc0e5, 0xc0ff,
-	0xc101, 0xc11b,
-	0xc11d, 0xc137,
-	0xc139, 0xc153,
-	0xc155, 0xc16f,
-	0xc171, 0xc18b,
-	0xc18d, 0xc1a7,
-	0xc1a9, 0xc1c3,
-	0xc1c5, 0xc1df,
-	0xc1e1, 0xc1fb,
-	0xc1fd, 0xc217,
-	0xc219, 0xc233,
-	0xc235, 0xc24f,
-	0xc251, 0xc26b,
-	0xc26d, 0xc287,
-	0xc289, 0xc2a3,
-	0xc2a5, 0xc2bf,
-	0xc2c1, 0xc2db,
-	0xc2dd, 0xc2f7,
-	0xc2f9, 0xc313,
-	0xc315, 0xc32f,
-	0xc331, 0xc34b,
-	0xc34d, 0xc367,
-	0xc369, 0xc383,
-	0xc385, 0xc39f,
-	0xc3a1, 0xc3bb,
-	0xc3bd, 0xc3d7,
-	0xc3d9, 0xc3f3,
-	0xc3f5, 0xc40f,
-	0xc411, 0xc42b,
-	0xc42d, 0xc447,
-	0xc449, 0xc463,
-	0xc465, 0xc47f,
-	0xc481, 0xc49b,
-	0xc49d, 0xc4b7,
-	0xc4b9, 0xc4d3,
-	0xc4d5, 0xc4ef,
-	0xc4f1, 0xc50b,
-	0xc50d, 0xc527,
-	0xc529, 0xc543,
-	0xc545, 0xc55f,
-	0xc561, 0xc57b,
-	0xc57d, 0xc597,
-	0xc599, 0xc5b3,
-	0xc5b5, 0xc5cf,
-	0xc5d1, 0xc5eb,
-	0xc5ed, 0xc607,
-	0xc609, 0xc623,
-	0xc625, 0xc63f,
-	0xc641, 0xc65b,
-	0xc65d, 0xc677,
-	0xc679, 0xc693,
-	0xc695, 0xc6af,
-	0xc6b1, 0xc6cb,
-	0xc6cd, 0xc6e7,
-	0xc6e9, 0xc703,
-	0xc705, 0xc71f,
-	0xc721, 0xc73b,
-	0xc73d, 0xc757,
-	0xc759, 0xc773,
-	0xc775, 0xc78f,
-	0xc791, 0xc7ab,
-	0xc7ad, 0xc7c7,
-	0xc7c9, 0xc7e3,
-	0xc7e5, 0xc7ff,
-	0xc801, 0xc81b,
-	0xc81d, 0xc837,
-	0xc839, 0xc853,
-	0xc855, 0xc86f,
-	0xc871, 0xc88b,
-	0xc88d, 0xc8a7,
-	0xc8a9, 0xc8c3,
-	0xc8c5, 0xc8df,
-	0xc8e1, 0xc8fb,
-	0xc8fd, 0xc917,
-	0xc919, 0xc933,
-	0xc935, 0xc94f,
-	0xc951, 0xc96b,
-	0xc96d, 0xc987,
-	0xc989, 0xc9a3,
-	0xc9a5, 0xc9bf,
-	0xc9c1, 0xc9db,
-	0xc9dd, 0xc9f7,
-	0xc9f9, 0xca13,
-	0xca15, 0xca2f,
-	0xca31, 0xca4b,
-	0xca4d, 0xca67,
-	0xca69, 0xca83,
-	0xca85, 0xca9f,
-	0xcaa1, 0xcabb,
-	0xcabd, 0xcad7,
-	0xcad9, 0xcaf3,
-	0xcaf5, 0xcb0f,
-	0xcb11, 0xcb2b,
-	0xcb2d, 0xcb47,
-	0xcb49, 0xcb63,
-	0xcb65, 0xcb7f,
-	0xcb81, 0xcb9b,
-	0xcb9d, 0xcbb7,
-	0xcbb9, 0xcbd3,
-	0xcbd5, 0xcbef,
-	0xcbf1, 0xcc0b,
-	0xcc0d, 0xcc27,
-	0xcc29, 0xcc43,
-	0xcc45, 0xcc5f,
-	0xcc61, 0xcc7b,
-	0xcc7d, 0xcc97,
-	0xcc99, 0xccb3,
-	0xccb5, 0xcccf,
-	0xccd1, 0xcceb,
-	0xcced, 0xcd07,
-	0xcd09, 0xcd23,
-	0xcd25, 0xcd3f,
-	0xcd41, 0xcd5b,
-	0xcd5d, 0xcd77,
-	0xcd79, 0xcd93,
-	0xcd95, 0xcdaf,
-	0xcdb1, 0xcdcb,
-	0xcdcd, 0xcde7,
-	0xcde9, 0xce03,
-	0xce05, 0xce1f,
-	0xce21, 0xce3b,
-	0xce3d, 0xce57,
-	0xce59, 0xce73,
-	0xce75, 0xce8f,
-	0xce91, 0xceab,
-	0xcead, 0xcec7,
-	0xcec9, 0xcee3,
-	0xcee5, 0xceff,
-	0xcf01, 0xcf1b,
-	0xcf1d, 0xcf37,
-	0xcf39, 0xcf53,
-	0xcf55, 0xcf6f,
-	0xcf71, 0xcf8b,
-	0xcf8d, 0xcfa7,
-	0xcfa9, 0xcfc3,
-	0xcfc5, 0xcfdf,
-	0xcfe1, 0xcffb,
-	0xcffd, 0xd017,
-	0xd019, 0xd033,
-	0xd035, 0xd04f,
-	0xd051, 0xd06b,
-	0xd06d, 0xd087,
-	0xd089, 0xd0a3,
-	0xd0a5, 0xd0bf,
-	0xd0c1, 0xd0db,
-	0xd0dd, 0xd0f7,
-	0xd0f9, 0xd113,
-	0xd115, 0xd12f,
-	0xd131, 0xd14b,
-	0xd14d, 0xd167,
-	0xd169, 0xd183,
-	0xd185, 0xd19f,
-	0xd1a1, 0xd1bb,
-	0xd1bd, 0xd1d7,
-	0xd1d9, 0xd1f3,
-	0xd1f5, 0xd20f,
-	0xd211, 0xd22b,
-	0xd22d, 0xd247,
-	0xd249, 0xd263,
-	0xd265, 0xd27f,
-	0xd281, 0xd29b,
-	0xd29d, 0xd2b7,
-	0xd2b9, 0xd2d3,
-	0xd2d5, 0xd2ef,
-	0xd2f1, 0xd30b,
-	0xd30d, 0xd327,
-	0xd329, 0xd343,
-	0xd345, 0xd35f,
-	0xd361, 0xd37b,
-	0xd37d, 0xd397,
-	0xd399, 0xd3b3,
-	0xd3b5, 0xd3cf,
-	0xd3d1, 0xd3eb,
-	0xd3ed, 0xd407,
-	0xd409, 0xd423,
-	0xd425, 0xd43f,
-	0xd441, 0xd45b,
-	0xd45d, 0xd477,
-	0xd479, 0xd493,
-	0xd495, 0xd4af,
-	0xd4b1, 0xd4cb,
-	0xd4cd, 0xd4e7,
-	0xd4e9, 0xd503,
-	0xd505, 0xd51f,
-	0xd521, 0xd53b,
-	0xd53d, 0xd557,
-	0xd559, 0xd573,
-	0xd575, 0xd58f,
-	0xd591, 0xd5ab,
-	0xd5ad, 0xd5c7,
-	0xd5c9, 0xd5e3,
-	0xd5e5, 0xd5ff,
-	0xd601, 0xd61b,
-	0xd61d, 0xd637,
-	0xd639, 0xd653,
-	0xd655, 0xd66f,
-	0xd671, 0xd68b,
-	0xd68d, 0xd6a7,
-	0xd6a9, 0xd6c3,
-	0xd6c5, 0xd6df,
-	0xd6e1, 0xd6fb,
-	0xd6fd, 0xd717,
-	0xd719, 0xd733,
-	0xd735, 0xd74f,
-	0xd751, 0xd76b,
-	0xd76d, 0xd787,
-	0xd789, 0xd7a3,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT */
-
-/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=ZWJ */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ[] = {
-	1,
-	0x200d, 0x200d,
-}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ */
-
-/* 'In_Basic_Latin': Block */
-#define CR_In_Basic_Latin CR_ASCII
-
-/* 'In_Latin_1_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0080, 0x00ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0100, 0x017f,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0180, 0x024f,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_IPA_Extensions': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_IPA_Extensions[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0250, 0x02af,
-}; /* CR_In_IPA_Extensions */
-
-/* 'In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters[] = {
-	1,
-	0x02b0, 0x02ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters */
-
-/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0300, 0x036f,
-}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks */
-
-/* 'In_Greek_and_Coptic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0370, 0x03ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic */
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0400, 0x04ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic */
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0500, 0x052f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Armenian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Armenian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0530, 0x058f,
-}; /* CR_In_Armenian */
-
-/* 'In_Hebrew': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hebrew[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0590, 0x05ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Hebrew */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0600, 0x06ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic */
-
-/* 'In_Syriac': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syriac[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0700, 0x074f,
-}; /* CR_In_Syriac */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0750, 0x077f,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Thaana': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Thaana[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0780, 0x07bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Thaana */
-
-/* 'In_NKo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_NKo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x07c0, 0x07ff,
-}; /* CR_In_NKo */
-
-/* 'In_Samaritan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Samaritan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0800, 0x083f,
-}; /* CR_In_Samaritan */
-
-/* 'In_Mandaic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mandaic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0840, 0x085f,
-}; /* CR_In_Mandaic */
-
-/* 'In_Syriac_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syriac_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0860, 0x086f,
-}; /* CR_In_Syriac_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0870, 0x089f,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x08a0, 0x08ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Devanagari': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0900, 0x097f,
-}; /* CR_In_Devanagari */
-
-/* 'In_Bengali': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bengali[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0980, 0x09ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Bengali */
-
-/* 'In_Gurmukhi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gurmukhi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0a00, 0x0a7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Gurmukhi */
-
-/* 'In_Gujarati': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gujarati[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0a80, 0x0aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Gujarati */
-
-/* 'In_Oriya': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Oriya[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0b00, 0x0b7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Oriya */
-
-/* 'In_Tamil': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tamil[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0b80, 0x0bff,
-}; /* CR_In_Tamil */
-
-/* 'In_Telugu': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Telugu[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0c00, 0x0c7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Telugu */
-
-/* 'In_Kannada': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kannada[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0c80, 0x0cff,
-}; /* CR_In_Kannada */
-
-/* 'In_Malayalam': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Malayalam[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0d00, 0x0d7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Malayalam */
-
-/* 'In_Sinhala': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sinhala[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0d80, 0x0dff,
-}; /* CR_In_Sinhala */
-
-/* 'In_Thai': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Thai[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0e00, 0x0e7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Thai */
-
-/* 'In_Lao': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lao[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0e80, 0x0eff,
-}; /* CR_In_Lao */
-
-/* 'In_Tibetan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tibetan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x0f00, 0x0fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Tibetan */
-
-/* 'In_Myanmar': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1000, 0x109f,
-}; /* CR_In_Myanmar */
-
-/* 'In_Georgian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10a0, 0x10ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Georgian */
-
-/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1100, 0x11ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo */
-
-/* 'In_Ethiopic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1200, 0x137f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic */
-
-/* 'In_Ethiopic_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1380, 0x139f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Cherokee': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cherokee[] = {
-	1,
-	0x13a0, 0x13ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Cherokee */
-
-/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1400, 0x167f,
-}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics */
-
-/* 'In_Ogham': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ogham[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1680, 0x169f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ogham */
-
-/* 'In_Runic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Runic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16a0, 0x16ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Runic */
-
-/* 'In_Tagalog': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tagalog[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1700, 0x171f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tagalog */
-
-/* 'In_Hanunoo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hanunoo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1720, 0x173f,
-}; /* CR_In_Hanunoo */
-
-/* 'In_Buhid': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Buhid[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1740, 0x175f,
-}; /* CR_In_Buhid */
-
-/* 'In_Tagbanwa': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tagbanwa[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1760, 0x177f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tagbanwa */
-
-/* 'In_Khmer': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khmer[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1780, 0x17ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Khmer */
-
-/* 'In_Mongolian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mongolian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1800, 0x18af,
-}; /* CR_In_Mongolian */
-
-/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x18b0, 0x18ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Limbu': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Limbu[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1900, 0x194f,
-}; /* CR_In_Limbu */
-
-/* 'In_Tai_Le': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Le[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1950, 0x197f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tai_Le */
-
-/* 'In_New_Tai_Lue': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_New_Tai_Lue[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1980, 0x19df,
-}; /* CR_In_New_Tai_Lue */
-
-/* 'In_Khmer_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khmer_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Khmer_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Buginese': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Buginese[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1a00, 0x1a1f,
-}; /* CR_In_Buginese */
-
-/* 'In_Tai_Tham': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Tham[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1a20, 0x1aaf,
-}; /* CR_In_Tai_Tham */
-
-/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1ab0, 0x1aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Balinese': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Balinese[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b00, 0x1b7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Balinese */
-
-/* 'In_Sundanese': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sundanese[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b80, 0x1bbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Sundanese */
-
-/* 'In_Batak': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Batak[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1bc0, 0x1bff,
-}; /* CR_In_Batak */
-
-/* 'In_Lepcha': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lepcha[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1c00, 0x1c4f,
-}; /* CR_In_Lepcha */
-
-/* 'In_Ol_Chiki': Block */
-#define CR_In_Ol_Chiki CR_Ol_Chiki
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_C': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1c80, 0x1c8f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C */
-
-/* 'In_Georgian_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1c90, 0x1cbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Georgian_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Sundanese_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1cc0, 0x1ccf,
-}; /* CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Vedic_Extensions': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vedic_Extensions[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1cd0, 0x1cff,
-}; /* CR_In_Vedic_Extensions */
-
-/* 'In_Phonetic_Extensions': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d00, 0x1d7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions */
-
-/* 'In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d80, 0x1dbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
-}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_Additional': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e00, 0x1eff,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional */
-
-/* 'In_Greek_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Greek_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f00, 0x1fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Greek_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_General_Punctuation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_General_Punctuation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2000, 0x206f,
-}; /* CR_In_General_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2070, 0x209f,
-}; /* CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts */
-
-/* 'In_Currency_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Currency_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x20a0, 0x20cf,
-}; /* CR_In_Currency_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x20d0, 0x20ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Letterlike_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2100, 0x214f,
-}; /* CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Number_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Number_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2150, 0x218f,
-}; /* CR_In_Number_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Arrows': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arrows[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2190, 0x21ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arrows */
-
-/* 'In_Mathematical_Operators': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mathematical_Operators[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2200, 0x22ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Mathematical_Operators */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Technical': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2300, 0x23ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical */
-
-/* 'In_Control_Pictures': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Control_Pictures[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2400, 0x243f,
-}; /* CR_In_Control_Pictures */
-
-/* 'In_Optical_Character_Recognition': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2440, 0x245f,
-}; /* CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition */
-
-/* 'In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2460, 0x24ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics */
-
-/* 'In_Box_Drawing': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Box_Drawing[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2500, 0x257f,
-}; /* CR_In_Box_Drawing */
-
-/* 'In_Block_Elements': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Block_Elements[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2580, 0x259f,
-}; /* CR_In_Block_Elements */
-
-/* 'In_Geometric_Shapes': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Geometric_Shapes[] = {
-	1,
-	0x25a0, 0x25ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Geometric_Shapes */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2600, 0x26ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Dingbats': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dingbats[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2700, 0x27bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Dingbats */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x27c0, 0x27ef,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A */
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x27f0, 0x27ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A */
-
-/* 'In_Braille_Patterns': Block */
-#define CR_In_Braille_Patterns CR_Braille
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2900, 0x297f,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2980, 0x29ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B */
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2a00, 0x2aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2b00, 0x2bff,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows */
-
-/* 'In_Glagolitic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Glagolitic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2c00, 0x2c5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Glagolitic */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_C': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_C[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2c60, 0x2c7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_C */
-
-/* 'In_Coptic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Coptic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2c80, 0x2cff,
-}; /* CR_In_Coptic */
-
-/* 'In_Georgian_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2d00, 0x2d2f,
-}; /* CR_In_Georgian_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Tifinagh': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tifinagh[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2d30, 0x2d7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tifinagh */
-
-/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2d80, 0x2ddf,
-}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Punctuation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2e00, 0x2e7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2e80, 0x2eff,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Kangxi_Radicals': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2f00, 0x2fdf,
-}; /* CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals */
-
-/* 'In_Ideographic_Description_Characters': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2ff0, 0x2fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3000, 0x303f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'In_Hiragana': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hiragana[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3040, 0x309f,
-}; /* CR_In_Hiragana */
-
-/* 'In_Katakana': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Katakana[] = {
-	1,
-	0x30a0, 0x30ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Katakana */
-
-/* 'In_Bopomofo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bopomofo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3100, 0x312f,
-}; /* CR_In_Bopomofo */
-
-/* 'In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3130, 0x318f,
-}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo */
-
-/* 'In_Kanbun': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kanbun[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3190, 0x319f,
-}; /* CR_In_Kanbun */
-
-/* 'In_Bopomofo_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Strokes': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Strokes[] = {
-	1,
-	0x31c0, 0x31ef,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Strokes */
-
-/* 'In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions[] = {
-	1,
-	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions */
-
-/* 'In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3200, 0x32ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3300, 0x33ff,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A */
-
-/* 'In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
-}; /* CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs */
-
-/* 'In_Yi_Syllables': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yi_Syllables[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa000, 0xa48f,
-}; /* CR_In_Yi_Syllables */
-
-/* 'In_Yi_Radicals': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yi_Radicals[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa490, 0xa4cf,
-}; /* CR_In_Yi_Radicals */
-
-/* 'In_Lisu': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lisu[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa4d0, 0xa4ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Lisu */
-
-/* 'In_Vai': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vai[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa500, 0xa63f,
-}; /* CR_In_Vai */
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa640, 0xa69f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_Bamum': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bamum[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa6a0, 0xa6ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Bamum */
-
-/* 'In_Modifier_Tone_Letters': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa700, 0xa71f,
-}; /* CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_D': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_D[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa720, 0xa7ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_D */
-
-/* 'In_Syloti_Nagri': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syloti_Nagri[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa800, 0xa82f,
-}; /* CR_In_Syloti_Nagri */
-
-/* 'In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa830, 0xa83f,
-}; /* CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Phags_pa': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phags_pa[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa840, 0xa87f,
-}; /* CR_In_Phags_pa */
-
-/* 'In_Saurashtra': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Saurashtra[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa880, 0xa8df,
-}; /* CR_In_Saurashtra */
-
-/* 'In_Devanagari_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa8e0, 0xa8ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Devanagari_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Kayah_Li': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kayah_Li[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa900, 0xa92f,
-}; /* CR_In_Kayah_Li */
-
-/* 'In_Rejang': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Rejang[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa930, 0xa95f,
-}; /* CR_In_Rejang */
-
-/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa960, 0xa97f,
-}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Javanese': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Javanese[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa980, 0xa9df,
-}; /* CR_In_Javanese */
-
-/* 'In_Myanmar_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0xa9e0, 0xa9ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_Cham': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cham[] = {
-	1,
-	0xaa00, 0xaa5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cham */
-
-/* 'In_Myanmar_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0xaa60, 0xaa7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Tai_Viet': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Viet[] = {
-	1,
-	0xaa80, 0xaadf,
-}; /* CR_In_Tai_Viet */
-
-/* 'In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions[] = {
-	1,
-	0xaae0, 0xaaff,
-}; /* CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions */
-
-/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0xab00, 0xab2f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_E': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_E[] = {
-	1,
-	0xab30, 0xab6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_E */
-
-/* 'In_Cherokee_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0xab70, 0xabbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Meetei_Mayek': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meetei_Mayek[] = {
-	1,
-	0xabc0, 0xabff,
-}; /* CR_In_Meetei_Mayek */
-
-/* 'In_Hangul_Syllables': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Syllables[] = {
-	1,
-	0xac00, 0xd7af,
-}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Syllables */
-
-/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0xd7b0, 0xd7ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_High_Surrogates': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_High_Surrogates[] = {
-	1,
-	0xd800, 0xdb7f,
-}; /* CR_In_High_Surrogates */
-
-/* 'In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates[] = {
-	1,
-	0xdb80, 0xdbff,
-}; /* CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates */
-
-/* 'In_Low_Surrogates': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Low_Surrogates[] = {
-	1,
-	0xdc00, 0xdfff,
-}; /* CR_In_Low_Surrogates */
-
-/* 'In_Private_Use_Area': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Private_Use_Area[] = {
-	1,
-	0xe000, 0xf8ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Private_Use_Area */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs[] = {
-	1,
-	0xf900, 0xfaff,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs */
-
-/* 'In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfb00, 0xfb4f,
-}; /* CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfb50, 0xfdff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A */
-
-/* 'In_Variation_Selectors': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Variation_Selectors[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
-}; /* CR_In_Variation_Selectors */
-
-/* 'In_Vertical_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vertical_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe10, 0xfe1f,
-}; /* CR_In_Vertical_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Combining_Half_Marks': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
-}; /* CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe30, 0xfe4f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Small_Form_Variants': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Small_Form_Variants[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe50, 0xfe6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Small_Form_Variants */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfe70, 0xfeff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B */
-
-/* 'In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms[] = {
-	1,
-	0xff00, 0xffef,
-}; /* CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms */
-
-/* 'In_Specials': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Specials[] = {
-	1,
-	0xfff0, 0xffff,
-}; /* CR_In_Specials */
-
-/* 'In_Linear_B_Syllabary': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10000, 0x1007f,
-}; /* CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary */
-
-/* 'In_Linear_B_Ideograms': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10080, 0x100ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms */
-
-/* 'In_Aegean_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Aegean_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10100, 0x1013f,
-}; /* CR_In_Aegean_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10140, 0x1018f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Ancient_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10190, 0x101cf,
-}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Phaistos_Disc': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phaistos_Disc[] = {
-	1,
-	0x101d0, 0x101ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Phaistos_Disc */
-
-/* 'In_Lycian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lycian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10280, 0x1029f,
-}; /* CR_In_Lycian */
-
-/* 'In_Carian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Carian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x102a0, 0x102df,
-}; /* CR_In_Carian */
-
-/* 'In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x102e0, 0x102ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Italic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Italic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10300, 0x1032f,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Italic */
-
-/* 'In_Gothic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gothic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10330, 0x1034f,
-}; /* CR_In_Gothic */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Permic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Permic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10350, 0x1037f,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Permic */
-
-/* 'In_Ugaritic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ugaritic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10380, 0x1039f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ugaritic */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Persian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Persian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x103a0, 0x103df,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Persian */
-
-/* 'In_Deseret': Block */
-#define CR_In_Deseret CR_Deseret
-
-/* 'In_Shavian': Block */
-#define CR_In_Shavian CR_Shavian
-
-/* 'In_Osmanya': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Osmanya[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10480, 0x104af,
-}; /* CR_In_Osmanya */
-
-/* 'In_Osage': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Osage[] = {
-	1,
-	0x104b0, 0x104ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Osage */
-
-/* 'In_Elbasan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Elbasan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10500, 0x1052f,
-}; /* CR_In_Elbasan */
-
-/* 'In_Caucasian_Albanian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10530, 0x1056f,
-}; /* CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian */
-
-/* 'In_Vithkuqi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vithkuqi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10570, 0x105bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Vithkuqi */
-
-/* 'In_Linear_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10600, 0x1077f,
-}; /* CR_In_Linear_A */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_F': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_F[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10780, 0x107bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_F */
-
-/* 'In_Cypriot_Syllabary': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10800, 0x1083f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary */
-
-/* 'In_Imperial_Aramaic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10840, 0x1085f,
-}; /* CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic */
-
-/* 'In_Palmyrene': Block */
-#define CR_In_Palmyrene CR_Palmyrene
-
-/* 'In_Nabataean': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nabataean[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10880, 0x108af,
-}; /* CR_In_Nabataean */
-
-/* 'In_Hatran': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hatran[] = {
-	1,
-	0x108e0, 0x108ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Hatran */
-
-/* 'In_Phoenician': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phoenician[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10900, 0x1091f,
-}; /* CR_In_Phoenician */
-
-/* 'In_Lydian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lydian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10920, 0x1093f,
-}; /* CR_In_Lydian */
-
-/* 'In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs': Block */
-#define CR_In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs
-
-/* 'In_Meroitic_Cursive': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive[] = {
-	1,
-	0x109a0, 0x109ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive */
-
-/* 'In_Kharoshthi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kharoshthi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10a00, 0x10a5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Kharoshthi */
-
-/* 'In_Old_South_Arabian': Block */
-#define CR_In_Old_South_Arabian CR_Old_South_Arabian
-
-/* 'In_Old_North_Arabian': Block */
-#define CR_In_Old_North_Arabian CR_Old_North_Arabian
-
-/* 'In_Manichaean': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Manichaean[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10ac0, 0x10aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Manichaean */
-
-/* 'In_Avestan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Avestan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10b00, 0x10b3f,
-}; /* CR_In_Avestan */
-
-/* 'In_Inscriptional_Parthian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10b40, 0x10b5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian */
-
-/* 'In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10b60, 0x10b7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi */
-
-/* 'In_Psalter_Pahlavi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10b80, 0x10baf,
-}; /* CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Turkic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Turkic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10c00, 0x10c4f,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Turkic */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Hungarian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Hungarian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10c80, 0x10cff,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Hungarian */
-
-/* 'In_Hanifi_Rohingya': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10d00, 0x10d3f,
-}; /* CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya */
-
-/* 'In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10e60, 0x10e7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Yezidi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yezidi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10e80, 0x10ebf,
-}; /* CR_In_Yezidi */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_C': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10ec0, 0x10eff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Sogdian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Sogdian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f00, 0x10f2f,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Sogdian */
-
-/* 'In_Sogdian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sogdian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f30, 0x10f6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Sogdian */
-
-/* 'In_Old_Uyghur': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Uyghur[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10f70, 0x10faf,
-}; /* CR_In_Old_Uyghur */
-
-/* 'In_Chorasmian': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chorasmian[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10fb0, 0x10fdf,
-}; /* CR_In_Chorasmian */
-
-/* 'In_Elymaic': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Elymaic[] = {
-	1,
-	0x10fe0, 0x10fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Elymaic */
-
-/* 'In_Brahmi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Brahmi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11000, 0x1107f,
-}; /* CR_In_Brahmi */
-
-/* 'In_Kaithi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kaithi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11080, 0x110cf,
-}; /* CR_In_Kaithi */
-
-/* 'In_Sora_Sompeng': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sora_Sompeng[] = {
-	1,
-	0x110d0, 0x110ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Sora_Sompeng */
-
-/* 'In_Chakma': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chakma[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11100, 0x1114f,
-}; /* CR_In_Chakma */
-
-/* 'In_Mahajani': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mahajani[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11150, 0x1117f,
-}; /* CR_In_Mahajani */
-
-/* 'In_Sharada': Block */
-#define CR_In_Sharada CR_Sharada
-
-/* 'In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x111e0, 0x111ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Khojki': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khojki[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11200, 0x1124f,
-}; /* CR_In_Khojki */
-
-/* 'In_Multani': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Multani[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11280, 0x112af,
-}; /* CR_In_Multani */
-
-/* 'In_Khudawadi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khudawadi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x112b0, 0x112ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Khudawadi */
-
-/* 'In_Grantha': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Grantha[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11300, 0x1137f,
-}; /* CR_In_Grantha */
-
-/* 'In_Newa': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Newa[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11400, 0x1147f,
-}; /* CR_In_Newa */
-
-/* 'In_Tirhuta': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tirhuta[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11480, 0x114df,
-}; /* CR_In_Tirhuta */
-
-/* 'In_Siddham': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Siddham[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11580, 0x115ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Siddham */
-
-/* 'In_Modi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Modi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11600, 0x1165f,
-}; /* CR_In_Modi */
-
-/* 'In_Mongolian_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11660, 0x1167f,
-}; /* CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Takri': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Takri[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11680, 0x116cf,
-}; /* CR_In_Takri */
-
-/* 'In_Ahom': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ahom[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11700, 0x1174f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ahom */
-
-/* 'In_Dogra': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dogra[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11800, 0x1184f,
-}; /* CR_In_Dogra */
-
-/* 'In_Warang_Citi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Warang_Citi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x118a0, 0x118ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Warang_Citi */
-
-/* 'In_Dives_Akuru': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dives_Akuru[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11900, 0x1195f,
-}; /* CR_In_Dives_Akuru */
-
-/* 'In_Nandinagari': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nandinagari[] = {
-	1,
-	0x119a0, 0x119ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Nandinagari */
-
-/* 'In_Zanabazar_Square': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Zanabazar_Square[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11a00, 0x11a4f,
-}; /* CR_In_Zanabazar_Square */
-
-/* 'In_Soyombo': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Soyombo[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11a50, 0x11aaf,
-}; /* CR_In_Soyombo */
-
-/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11ab0, 0x11abf,
-}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Pau_Cin_Hau': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11ac0, 0x11aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau */
-
-/* 'In_Devanagari_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11b00, 0x11b5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Bhaiksuki': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bhaiksuki[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11c00, 0x11c6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Bhaiksuki */
-
-/* 'In_Marchen': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Marchen[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11c70, 0x11cbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Marchen */
-
-/* 'In_Masaram_Gondi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Masaram_Gondi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11d00, 0x11d5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Masaram_Gondi */
-
-/* 'In_Gunjala_Gondi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11d60, 0x11daf,
-}; /* CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi */
-
-/* 'In_Makasar': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Makasar[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11ee0, 0x11eff,
-}; /* CR_In_Makasar */
-
-/* 'In_Kawi': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kawi[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11f00, 0x11f5f,
-}; /* CR_In_Kawi */
-
-/* 'In_Lisu_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lisu_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11fb0, 0x11fbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Lisu_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Tamil_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tamil_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x11fc0, 0x11fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Tamil_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Cuneiform': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cuneiform[] = {
-	1,
-	0x12000, 0x123ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Cuneiform */
-
-/* 'In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x12400, 0x1247f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform[] = {
-	1,
-	0x12480, 0x1254f,
-}; /* CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform */
-
-/* 'In_Cypro_Minoan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cypro_Minoan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x12f90, 0x12fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Cypro_Minoan */
-
-/* 'In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x13000, 0x1342f,
-}; /* CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs */
-
-/* 'In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls[] = {
-	1,
-	0x13430, 0x1345f,
-}; /* CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls */
-
-/* 'In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x14400, 0x1467f,
-}; /* CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs */
-
-/* 'In_Bamum_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bamum_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16800, 0x16a3f,
-}; /* CR_In_Bamum_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Mro': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mro[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16a40, 0x16a6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Mro */
-
-/* 'In_Tangsa': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangsa[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16a70, 0x16acf,
-}; /* CR_In_Tangsa */
-
-/* 'In_Bassa_Vah': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bassa_Vah[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16ad0, 0x16aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Bassa_Vah */
-
-/* 'In_Pahawh_Hmong': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16b00, 0x16b8f,
-}; /* CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong */
-
-/* 'In_Medefaidrin': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Medefaidrin[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16e40, 0x16e9f,
-}; /* CR_In_Medefaidrin */
-
-/* 'In_Miao': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miao[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16f00, 0x16f9f,
-}; /* CR_In_Miao */
-
-/* 'In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x16fe0, 0x16fff,
-}; /* CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation */
-
-/* 'In_Tangut': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut[] = {
-	1,
-	0x17000, 0x187ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Tangut */
-
-/* 'In_Tangut_Components': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut_Components[] = {
-	1,
-	0x18800, 0x18aff,
-}; /* CR_In_Tangut_Components */
-
-/* 'In_Khitan_Small_Script': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script[] = {
-	1,
-	0x18b00, 0x18cff,
-}; /* CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script */
-
-/* 'In_Tangut_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x18d00, 0x18d7f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tangut_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Kana_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1aff0, 0x1afff,
-}; /* CR_In_Kana_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_Kana_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b000, 0x1b0ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Kana_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Kana_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b100, 0x1b12f,
-}; /* CR_In_Kana_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Small_Kana_Extension': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b130, 0x1b16f,
-}; /* CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension */
-
-/* 'In_Nushu': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nushu[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1b170, 0x1b2ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Nushu */
-
-/* 'In_Duployan': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Duployan[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1bc00, 0x1bc9f,
-}; /* CR_In_Duployan */
-
-/* 'In_Shorthand_Format_Controls': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1bca0, 0x1bcaf,
-}; /* CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls */
-
-/* 'In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1cf00, 0x1cfcf,
-}; /* CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation */
-
-/* 'In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d000, 0x1d0ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Musical_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Musical_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d100, 0x1d1ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Musical_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d200, 0x1d24f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation */
-
-/* 'In_Kaktovik_Numerals': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2df,
-}; /* CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals */
-
-/* 'In_Mayan_Numerals': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mayan_Numerals[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Mayan_Numerals */
-
-/* 'In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d300, 0x1d35f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Counting_Rod_Numerals': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d360, 0x1d37f,
-}; /* CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals */
-
-/* 'In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d400, 0x1d7ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Sutton_SignWriting': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1d800, 0x1daaf,
-}; /* CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting */
-
-/* 'In_Latin_Extended_G': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_G[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1df00, 0x1dfff,
-}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_G */
-
-/* 'In_Glagolitic_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e000, 0x1e02f,
-}; /* CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_D': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e030, 0x1e08f,
-}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D */
-
-/* 'In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e100, 0x1e14f,
-}; /* CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong */
-
-/* 'In_Toto': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Toto[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e290, 0x1e2bf,
-}; /* CR_In_Toto */
-
-/* 'In_Wancho': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Wancho[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Wancho */
-
-/* 'In_Nag_Mundari': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nag_Mundari[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Nag_Mundari */
-
-/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B */
-
-/* 'In_Mende_Kikakui': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mende_Kikakui[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e800, 0x1e8df,
-}; /* CR_In_Mende_Kikakui */
-
-/* 'In_Adlam': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Adlam[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1e900, 0x1e95f,
-}; /* CR_In_Adlam */
-
-/* 'In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1ec70, 0x1ecbf,
-}; /* CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1ed00, 0x1ed4f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers */
-
-/* 'In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1ee00, 0x1eeff,
-}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Mahjong_Tiles': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f000, 0x1f02f,
-}; /* CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles */
-
-/* 'In_Domino_Tiles': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Domino_Tiles[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f030, 0x1f09f,
-}; /* CR_In_Domino_Tiles */
-
-/* 'In_Playing_Cards': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Playing_Cards[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Playing_Cards */
-
-/* 'In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f100, 0x1f1ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f200, 0x1f2ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f300, 0x1f5ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs */
-
-/* 'In_Emoticons': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Emoticons[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f600, 0x1f64f,
-}; /* CR_In_Emoticons */
-
-/* 'In_Ornamental_Dingbats': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f650, 0x1f67f,
-}; /* CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats */
-
-/* 'In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f680, 0x1f6ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Alchemical_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f700, 0x1f77f,
-}; /* CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f780, 0x1f7ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended */
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_C': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f800, 0x1f8ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C */
-
-/* 'In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1f900, 0x1f9ff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs */
-
-/* 'In_Chess_Symbols': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chess_Symbols[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1fa00, 0x1fa6f,
-}; /* CR_In_Chess_Symbols */
-
-/* 'In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1fa70, 0x1faff,
-}; /* CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A */
-
-/* 'In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing[] = {
-	1,
-	0x1fb00, 0x1fbff,
-}; /* CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2a700, 0x2b73f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2b740, 0x2b81f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2b820, 0x2ceaf,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebef,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0x2f800, 0x2fa1f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G[] = {
-	1,
-	0x30000, 0x3134f,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G */
-
-/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H[] = {
-	1,
-	0x31350, 0x323af,
-}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H */
-
-/* 'In_Tags': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tags[] = {
-	1,
-	0xe0000, 0xe007f,
-}; /* CR_In_Tags */
-
-/* 'In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement[] = {
-	1,
-	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
-}; /* CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement */
-
-/* 'In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A[] = {
-	1,
-	0xf0000, 0xfffff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A */
-
-/* 'In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B[] = {
-	1,
-	0x100000, 0x10ffff,
-}; /* CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B */
-
-/* 'In_No_Block': Block */
-static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_No_Block[] = {
-	51,
-	0x2fe0, 0x2fef,
-	0x10200, 0x1027f,
-	0x103e0, 0x103ff,
-	0x105c0, 0x105ff,
-	0x107c0, 0x107ff,
-	0x108b0, 0x108df,
-	0x10940, 0x1097f,
-	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
-	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
-	0x10c50, 0x10c7f,
-	0x10d40, 0x10e5f,
-	0x11250, 0x1127f,
-	0x11380, 0x113ff,
-	0x114e0, 0x1157f,
-	0x116d0, 0x116ff,
-	0x11750, 0x117ff,
-	0x11850, 0x1189f,
-	0x11960, 0x1199f,
-	0x11b60, 0x11bff,
-	0x11cc0, 0x11cff,
-	0x11db0, 0x11edf,
-	0x11f60, 0x11faf,
-	0x12550, 0x12f8f,
-	0x13460, 0x143ff,
-	0x14680, 0x167ff,
-	0x16b90, 0x16e3f,
-	0x16ea0, 0x16eff,
-	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
-	0x18d80, 0x1afef,
-	0x1b300, 0x1bbff,
-	0x1bcb0, 0x1ceff,
-	0x1cfd0, 0x1cfff,
-	0x1d250, 0x1d2bf,
-	0x1d380, 0x1d3ff,
-	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
-	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
-	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
-	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
-	0x1e500, 0x1e7df,
-	0x1e8e0, 0x1e8ff,
-	0x1e960, 0x1ec6f,
-	0x1ecc0, 0x1ecff,
-	0x1ed50, 0x1edff,
-	0x1ef00, 0x1efff,
-	0x1fc00, 0x1ffff,
-	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
-	0x2ebf0, 0x2f7ff,
-	0x2fa20, 0x2ffff,
-	0x323b0, 0xdffff,
-	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
-	0xe01f0, 0xeffff,
-}; /* CR_In_No_Block */
-
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-static const OnigCodePoint* const CodeRanges[] = {
-  CR_NEWLINE,
-  CR_Alpha,
-  CR_Blank,
-  CR_Cntrl,
-  CR_Digit,
-  CR_Graph,
-  CR_Lower,
-  CR_Print,
-  CR_XPosixPunct,
-  CR_Space,
-  CR_Upper,
-  CR_XDigit,
-  CR_Word,
-  CR_Alnum,
-  CR_ASCII,
-  CR_Punct,
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-  CR_Any,
-  CR_Assigned,
-  CR_C,
-  CR_Cc,
-  CR_Cf,
-  CR_Cn,
-  CR_Co,
-  CR_Cs,
-  CR_L,
-  CR_LC,
-  CR_Ll,
-  CR_Lm,
-  CR_Lo,
-  CR_Lt,
-  CR_Lu,
-  CR_M,
-  CR_Mc,
-  CR_Me,
-  CR_Mn,
-  CR_N,
-  CR_Nd,
-  CR_Nl,
-  CR_No,
-  CR_P,
-  CR_Pc,
-  CR_Pd,
-  CR_Pe,
-  CR_Pf,
-  CR_Pi,
-  CR_Po,
-  CR_Ps,
-  CR_S,
-  CR_Sc,
-  CR_Sk,
-  CR_Sm,
-  CR_So,
-  CR_Z,
-  CR_Zl,
-  CR_Zp,
-  CR_Zs,
-  CR_Math,
-  CR_Alphabetic,
-  CR_Lowercase,
-  CR_Uppercase,
-  CR_Cased,
-  CR_Case_Ignorable,
-  CR_Changes_When_Lowercased,
-  CR_Changes_When_Uppercased,
-  CR_Changes_When_Titlecased,
-  CR_Changes_When_Casefolded,
-  CR_Changes_When_Casemapped,
-  CR_ID_Start,
-  CR_ID_Continue,
-  CR_XID_Start,
-  CR_XID_Continue,
-  CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point,
-  CR_Grapheme_Extend,
-  CR_Grapheme_Base,
-  CR_Grapheme_Link,
-  CR_Common,
-  CR_Latin,
-  CR_Greek,
-  CR_Cyrillic,
-  CR_Armenian,
-  CR_Hebrew,
-  CR_Arabic,
-  CR_Syriac,
-  CR_Thaana,
-  CR_Devanagari,
-  CR_Bengali,
-  CR_Gurmukhi,
-  CR_Gujarati,
-  CR_Oriya,
-  CR_Tamil,
-  CR_Telugu,
-  CR_Kannada,
-  CR_Malayalam,
-  CR_Sinhala,
-  CR_Thai,
-  CR_Lao,
-  CR_Tibetan,
-  CR_Myanmar,
-  CR_Georgian,
-  CR_Hangul,
-  CR_Ethiopic,
-  CR_Cherokee,
-  CR_Canadian_Aboriginal,
-  CR_Ogham,
-  CR_Runic,
-  CR_Khmer,
-  CR_Mongolian,
-  CR_Hiragana,
-  CR_Katakana,
-  CR_Bopomofo,
-  CR_Han,
-  CR_Yi,
-  CR_Old_Italic,
-  CR_Gothic,
-  CR_Deseret,
-  CR_Inherited,
-  CR_Tagalog,
-  CR_Hanunoo,
-  CR_Buhid,
-  CR_Tagbanwa,
-  CR_Limbu,
-  CR_Tai_Le,
-  CR_Linear_B,
-  CR_Ugaritic,
-  CR_Shavian,
-  CR_Osmanya,
-  CR_Cypriot,
-  CR_Braille,
-  CR_Buginese,
-  CR_Coptic,
-  CR_New_Tai_Lue,
-  CR_Glagolitic,
-  CR_Tifinagh,
-  CR_Syloti_Nagri,
-  CR_Old_Persian,
-  CR_Kharoshthi,
-  CR_Balinese,
-  CR_Cuneiform,
-  CR_Phoenician,
-  CR_Phags_Pa,
-  CR_Nko,
-  CR_Sundanese,
-  CR_Lepcha,
-  CR_Ol_Chiki,
-  CR_Vai,
-  CR_Saurashtra,
-  CR_Kayah_Li,
-  CR_Rejang,
-  CR_Lycian,
-  CR_Carian,
-  CR_Lydian,
-  CR_Cham,
-  CR_Tai_Tham,
-  CR_Tai_Viet,
-  CR_Avestan,
-  CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_Samaritan,
-  CR_Lisu,
-  CR_Bamum,
-  CR_Javanese,
-  CR_Meetei_Mayek,
-  CR_Imperial_Aramaic,
-  CR_Old_South_Arabian,
-  CR_Inscriptional_Parthian,
-  CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi,
-  CR_Old_Turkic,
-  CR_Kaithi,
-  CR_Batak,
-  CR_Brahmi,
-  CR_Mandaic,
-  CR_Chakma,
-  CR_Meroitic_Cursive,
-  CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_Miao,
-  CR_Sharada,
-  CR_Sora_Sompeng,
-  CR_Takri,
-  CR_Caucasian_Albanian,
-  CR_Bassa_Vah,
-  CR_Duployan,
-  CR_Elbasan,
-  CR_Grantha,
-  CR_Pahawh_Hmong,
-  CR_Khojki,
-  CR_Linear_A,
-  CR_Mahajani,
-  CR_Manichaean,
-  CR_Mende_Kikakui,
-  CR_Modi,
-  CR_Mro,
-  CR_Old_North_Arabian,
-  CR_Nabataean,
-  CR_Palmyrene,
-  CR_Pau_Cin_Hau,
-  CR_Old_Permic,
-  CR_Psalter_Pahlavi,
-  CR_Siddham,
-  CR_Khudawadi,
-  CR_Tirhuta,
-  CR_Warang_Citi,
-  CR_Ahom,
-  CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_Hatran,
-  CR_Multani,
-  CR_Old_Hungarian,
-  CR_SignWriting,
-  CR_Adlam,
-  CR_Bhaiksuki,
-  CR_Marchen,
-  CR_Newa,
-  CR_Osage,
-  CR_Tangut,
-  CR_Masaram_Gondi,
-  CR_Nushu,
-  CR_Soyombo,
-  CR_Zanabazar_Square,
-  CR_Dogra,
-  CR_Gunjala_Gondi,
-  CR_Makasar,
-  CR_Medefaidrin,
-  CR_Hanifi_Rohingya,
-  CR_Sogdian,
-  CR_Old_Sogdian,
-  CR_Elymaic,
-  CR_Nandinagari,
-  CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong,
-  CR_Wancho,
-  CR_Chorasmian,
-  CR_Dives_Akuru,
-  CR_Khitan_Small_Script,
-  CR_Yezidi,
-  CR_Cypro_Minoan,
-  CR_Old_Uyghur,
-  CR_Tangsa,
-  CR_Toto,
-  CR_Vithkuqi,
-  CR_Kawi,
-  CR_Nag_Mundari,
-  CR_White_Space,
-  CR_Bidi_Control,
-  CR_Join_Control,
-  CR_Dash,
-  CR_Hyphen,
-  CR_Quotation_Mark,
-  CR_Terminal_Punctuation,
-  CR_Other_Math,
-  CR_Hex_Digit,
-  CR_ASCII_Hex_Digit,
-  CR_Other_Alphabetic,
-  CR_Ideographic,
-  CR_Diacritic,
-  CR_Extender,
-  CR_Other_Lowercase,
-  CR_Other_Uppercase,
-  CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point,
-  CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend,
-  CR_IDS_Binary_Operator,
-  CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator,
-  CR_Radical,
-  CR_Unified_Ideograph,
-  CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point,
-  CR_Deprecated,
-  CR_Soft_Dotted,
-  CR_Logical_Order_Exception,
-  CR_Other_ID_Start,
-  CR_Other_ID_Continue,
-  CR_Sentence_Terminal,
-  CR_Variation_Selector,
-  CR_Pattern_White_Space,
-  CR_Pattern_Syntax,
-  CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark,
-  CR_Regional_Indicator,
-  CR_Emoji,
-  CR_Emoji_Presentation,
-  CR_Emoji_Modifier,
-  CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base,
-  CR_Emoji_Component,
-  CR_Extended_Pictographic,
-  CR_Unknown,
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-  CR_Age_1_1,
-  CR_Age_2_0,
-  CR_Age_2_1,
-  CR_Age_3_0,
-  CR_Age_3_1,
-  CR_Age_3_2,
-  CR_Age_4_0,
-  CR_Age_4_1,
-  CR_Age_5_0,
-  CR_Age_5_1,
-  CR_Age_5_2,
-  CR_Age_6_0,
-  CR_Age_6_1,
-  CR_Age_6_2,
-  CR_Age_6_3,
-  CR_Age_7_0,
-  CR_Age_8_0,
-  CR_Age_9_0,
-  CR_Age_10_0,
-  CR_Age_11_0,
-  CR_Age_12_0,
-  CR_Age_12_1,
-  CR_Age_13_0,
-  CR_Age_14_0,
-  CR_Age_15_0,
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT,
-  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ,
-  CR_In_Basic_Latin,
-  CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_IPA_Extensions,
-  CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters,
-  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks,
-  CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Armenian,
-  CR_In_Hebrew,
-  CR_In_Arabic,
-  CR_In_Syriac,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Thaana,
-  CR_In_NKo,
-  CR_In_Samaritan,
-  CR_In_Mandaic,
-  CR_In_Syriac_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Devanagari,
-  CR_In_Bengali,
-  CR_In_Gurmukhi,
-  CR_In_Gujarati,
-  CR_In_Oriya,
-  CR_In_Tamil,
-  CR_In_Telugu,
-  CR_In_Kannada,
-  CR_In_Malayalam,
-  CR_In_Sinhala,
-  CR_In_Thai,
-  CR_In_Lao,
-  CR_In_Tibetan,
-  CR_In_Myanmar,
-  CR_In_Georgian,
-  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo,
-  CR_In_Ethiopic,
-  CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Cherokee,
-  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics,
-  CR_In_Ogham,
-  CR_In_Runic,
-  CR_In_Tagalog,
-  CR_In_Hanunoo,
-  CR_In_Buhid,
-  CR_In_Tagbanwa,
-  CR_In_Khmer,
-  CR_In_Mongolian,
-  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended,
-  CR_In_Limbu,
-  CR_In_Tai_Le,
-  CR_In_New_Tai_Lue,
-  CR_In_Khmer_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Buginese,
-  CR_In_Tai_Tham,
-  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended,
-  CR_In_Balinese,
-  CR_In_Sundanese,
-  CR_In_Batak,
-  CR_In_Lepcha,
-  CR_In_Ol_Chiki,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C,
-  CR_In_Georgian_Extended,
-  CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Vedic_Extensions,
-  CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions,
-  CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional,
-  CR_In_Greek_Extended,
-  CR_In_General_Punctuation,
-  CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts,
-  CR_In_Currency_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Number_Forms,
-  CR_In_Arrows,
-  CR_In_Mathematical_Operators,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical,
-  CR_In_Control_Pictures,
-  CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition,
-  CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics,
-  CR_In_Box_Drawing,
-  CR_In_Block_Elements,
-  CR_In_Geometric_Shapes,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Dingbats,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A,
-  CR_In_Braille_Patterns,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows,
-  CR_In_Glagolitic,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_C,
-  CR_In_Coptic,
-  CR_In_Georgian_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Tifinagh,
-  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation,
-  CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals,
-  CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters,
-  CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation,
-  CR_In_Hiragana,
-  CR_In_Katakana,
-  CR_In_Bopomofo,
-  CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo,
-  CR_In_Kanbun,
-  CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended,
-  CR_In_CJK_Strokes,
-  CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions,
-  CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months,
-  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A,
-  CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs,
-  CR_In_Yi_Syllables,
-  CR_In_Yi_Radicals,
-  CR_In_Lisu,
-  CR_In_Vai,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_Bamum,
-  CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_D,
-  CR_In_Syloti_Nagri,
-  CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms,
-  CR_In_Phags_pa,
-  CR_In_Saurashtra,
-  CR_In_Devanagari_Extended,
-  CR_In_Kayah_Li,
-  CR_In_Rejang,
-  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Javanese,
-  CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_Cham,
-  CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Tai_Viet,
-  CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions,
-  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_E,
-  CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Meetei_Mayek,
-  CR_In_Hangul_Syllables,
-  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_High_Surrogates,
-  CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates,
-  CR_In_Low_Surrogates,
-  CR_In_Private_Use_Area,
-  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs,
-  CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A,
-  CR_In_Variation_Selectors,
-  CR_In_Vertical_Forms,
-  CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks,
-  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms,
-  CR_In_Small_Form_Variants,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B,
-  CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms,
-  CR_In_Specials,
-  CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary,
-  CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms,
-  CR_In_Aegean_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Ancient_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Phaistos_Disc,
-  CR_In_Lycian,
-  CR_In_Carian,
-  CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Old_Italic,
-  CR_In_Gothic,
-  CR_In_Old_Permic,
-  CR_In_Ugaritic,
-  CR_In_Old_Persian,
-  CR_In_Deseret,
-  CR_In_Shavian,
-  CR_In_Osmanya,
-  CR_In_Osage,
-  CR_In_Elbasan,
-  CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian,
-  CR_In_Vithkuqi,
-  CR_In_Linear_A,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_F,
-  CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary,
-  CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic,
-  CR_In_Palmyrene,
-  CR_In_Nabataean,
-  CR_In_Hatran,
-  CR_In_Phoenician,
-  CR_In_Lydian,
-  CR_In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive,
-  CR_In_Kharoshthi,
-  CR_In_Old_South_Arabian,
-  CR_In_Old_North_Arabian,
-  CR_In_Manichaean,
-  CR_In_Avestan,
-  CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian,
-  CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi,
-  CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi,
-  CR_In_Old_Turkic,
-  CR_In_Old_Hungarian,
-  CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya,
-  CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Yezidi,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C,
-  CR_In_Old_Sogdian,
-  CR_In_Sogdian,
-  CR_In_Old_Uyghur,
-  CR_In_Chorasmian,
-  CR_In_Elymaic,
-  CR_In_Brahmi,
-  CR_In_Kaithi,
-  CR_In_Sora_Sompeng,
-  CR_In_Chakma,
-  CR_In_Mahajani,
-  CR_In_Sharada,
-  CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Khojki,
-  CR_In_Multani,
-  CR_In_Khudawadi,
-  CR_In_Grantha,
-  CR_In_Newa,
-  CR_In_Tirhuta,
-  CR_In_Siddham,
-  CR_In_Modi,
-  CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Takri,
-  CR_In_Ahom,
-  CR_In_Dogra,
-  CR_In_Warang_Citi,
-  CR_In_Dives_Akuru,
-  CR_In_Nandinagari,
-  CR_In_Zanabazar_Square,
-  CR_In_Soyombo,
-  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau,
-  CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Bhaiksuki,
-  CR_In_Marchen,
-  CR_In_Masaram_Gondi,
-  CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi,
-  CR_In_Makasar,
-  CR_In_Kawi,
-  CR_In_Lisu_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Tamil_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Cuneiform,
-  CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation,
-  CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform,
-  CR_In_Cypro_Minoan,
-  CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls,
-  CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs,
-  CR_In_Bamum_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Mro,
-  CR_In_Tangsa,
-  CR_In_Bassa_Vah,
-  CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong,
-  CR_In_Medefaidrin,
-  CR_In_Miao,
-  CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation,
-  CR_In_Tangut,
-  CR_In_Tangut_Components,
-  CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script,
-  CR_In_Tangut_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Kana_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_Kana_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Kana_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension,
-  CR_In_Nushu,
-  CR_In_Duployan,
-  CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls,
-  CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation,
-  CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Musical_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation,
-  CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals,
-  CR_In_Mayan_Numerals,
-  CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals,
-  CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting,
-  CR_In_Latin_Extended_G,
-  CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D,
-  CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong,
-  CR_In_Toto,
-  CR_In_Wancho,
-  CR_In_Nag_Mundari,
-  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B,
-  CR_In_Mende_Kikakui,
-  CR_In_Adlam,
-  CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers,
-  CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles,
-  CR_In_Domino_Tiles,
-  CR_In_Playing_Cards,
-  CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs,
-  CR_In_Emoticons,
-  CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats,
-  CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C,
-  CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs,
-  CR_In_Chess_Symbols,
-  CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A,
-  CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F,
-  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G,
-  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H,
-  CR_In_Tags,
-  CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement,
-  CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A,
-  CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B,
-  CR_In_No_Block,
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-};
-struct uniname2ctype_struct {
-  short name;
-  unsigned short ctype;
-};
-#define uniname2ctype_offset(str) offsetof(struct uniname2ctype_pool_t, uniname2ctype_pool_##str)
-
-static const struct uniname2ctype_struct *uniname2ctype_p(register const char *str, register size_t len);
-
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 15
-#define MIN_WORD_LENGTH 4
-#define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 11
-#define MIN_HASH_VALUE 6
-#define MAX_HASH_VALUE 20
-/* maximum key range = 15, duplicates = 0 */
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 866
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 891
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-#define MIN_WORD_LENGTH 1
-#define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 45
-#define MIN_HASH_VALUE 11
-#define MAX_HASH_VALUE 6098
-/* maximum key range = 6088, duplicates = 0 */
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-__inline
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-inline
-#endif
-#endif
-static unsigned int
-uniname2ctype_hash (register const char *str, register size_t len)
-{
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    {
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
-      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,  3, 12,  5,
-       4, 21, 21, 10, 21,  1, 21, 21, 11, 21,
-       2,  1,  1, 21,  1,  7,  4,  6, 21,  1,
-       4, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,   12, 6099,    3,    1,
-         4,    8,   32,   26,   14,   17,   10,    7, 6099, 6099,
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,
-      6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099,    1, 1425,  113,
-       437,   37, 1086, 1071, 1051,    4, 1984,    9,  500,   88,
-         8,   18, 1371, 1287,   54,  203,  310,  619, 1958,  603,
-       275, 1624,   44,    1,   22, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099, 6099
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    };
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-  return len + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[2]] + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[0]];
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-  register unsigned int hval = (unsigned int)len;
-
-  switch (hval)
-    {
-      default:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[15]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 15:
-      case 14:
-      case 13:
-      case 12:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[11]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 11:
-      case 10:
-      case 9:
-      case 8:
-      case 7:
-      case 6:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[5]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 5:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[4]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 4:
-      case 3:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[2]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 2:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[1]];
-      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
-      case 1:
-        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[0]+2];
-        break;
-    }
-  return hval + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[len - 1]];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-}
-
-struct uniname2ctype_pool_t
-  {
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str6[sizeof("word")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str7[sizeof("print")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str8[sizeof("punct")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str9[sizeof("alpha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str10[sizeof("alnum")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str11[sizeof("xdigit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str12[sizeof("upper")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str13[sizeof("ascii")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str14[sizeof("cntrl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str15[sizeof("space")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str16[sizeof("xposixpunct")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str17[sizeof("lower")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str18[sizeof("graph")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str19[sizeof("digit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str20[sizeof("blank")];
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str11[sizeof("yi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str17[sizeof("yiii")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str22[sizeof("lana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str25[sizeof("lina")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str33[sizeof("maka")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str35[sizeof("mani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str36[sizeof("mn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str45[sizeof("miao")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str46[sizeof("lo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str47[sizeof("ci")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str48[sizeof("lao")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str49[sizeof("laoo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str52[sizeof("inkannada")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str55[sizeof("cn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str64[sizeof("pi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str66[sizeof("innko")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str67[sizeof("z")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str71[sizeof("gran")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str75[sizeof("co")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str83[sizeof("lineara")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str86[sizeof("mark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str90[sizeof("yezi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str92[sizeof("po")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str94[sizeof("me")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str100[sizeof("cari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str101[sizeof("inkharoshthi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str102[sizeof("kana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str103[sizeof("loe")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str107[sizeof("m")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str108[sizeof("grek")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str111[sizeof("mro")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str112[sizeof("mroo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str115[sizeof("carian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str117[sizeof("geor")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str118[sizeof("greek")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str122[sizeof("gonm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str129[sizeof("mendekikakui")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str130[sizeof("pe")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str131[sizeof("mero")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str134[sizeof("inosmanya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str139[sizeof("cakm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str145[sizeof("inmanichaean")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str146[sizeof("inmro")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str148[sizeof("inmiao")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str149[sizeof("inchakma")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str151[sizeof("c")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str152[sizeof("mandaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str153[sizeof("meeteimayek")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str158[sizeof("zzzz")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str161[sizeof("inarmenian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str177[sizeof("inmyanmar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str178[sizeof("inmakasar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str183[sizeof("common")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str186[sizeof("lm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str190[sizeof("marc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str203[sizeof("inrunic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str204[sizeof("incarian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str210[sizeof("inideographicsymbolsandpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str212[sizeof("inkhmer")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str213[sizeof("qaai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str218[sizeof("inahom")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str226[sizeof("merc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str230[sizeof("inchorasmian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str231[sizeof("combiningmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str236[sizeof("lc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str237[sizeof("perm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str246[sizeof("mc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str250[sizeof("connectorpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str253[sizeof("cans")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str260[sizeof("incuneiformnumbersandpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str263[sizeof("armi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str265[sizeof("cc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str267[sizeof("armn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str268[sizeof("incherokee")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str270[sizeof("prependedconcatenationmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str274[sizeof("incuneiform")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str275[sizeof("inavestan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str281[sizeof("inipaextensions")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str282[sizeof("pc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str283[sizeof("armenian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str285[sizeof("insharada")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str287[sizeof("vai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str288[sizeof("vaii")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str289[sizeof("inmarchen")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str293[sizeof("makasar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str297[sizeof("masaramgondi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str301[sizeof("inarrows")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str311[sizeof("incyrillic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str313[sizeof("incham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str315[sizeof("qmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str320[sizeof("ri")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str322[sizeof("qaac")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str328[sizeof("insamaritan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str331[sizeof("latn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str335[sizeof("inmasaramgondi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str338[sizeof("inthaana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str340[sizeof("latin")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str342[sizeof("inthai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str345[sizeof("lineseparator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str346[sizeof("pcm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str348[sizeof("inkatakana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str352[sizeof("inkaithi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str362[sizeof("inscriptionalparthian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str366[sizeof("initialpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str373[sizeof("mtei")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str381[sizeof("inzanabazarsquare")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str386[sizeof("inkhmersymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str399[sizeof("insyriac")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str401[sizeof("intakri")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str404[sizeof("arabic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str418[sizeof("katakana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str426[sizeof("prti")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str430[sizeof("zs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str442[sizeof("ascii")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str445[sizeof("cs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str462[sizeof("ps")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str468[sizeof("mand")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str470[sizeof("privateuse")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str475[sizeof("inruminumeralsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str480[sizeof("inmyanmarextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str481[sizeof("modi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str486[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str488[sizeof("inkanaextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str491[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityideographs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str500[sizeof("brai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str504[sizeof("mend")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str505[sizeof("ideo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str506[sizeof("letter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str509[sizeof("l")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str511[sizeof("inmeeteimayek")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str520[sizeof("inideographicdescriptioncharacters")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str533[sizeof("yezidi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str538[sizeof("knda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str541[sizeof("innandinagari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str543[sizeof("kannada")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str556[sizeof("inmodi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str558[sizeof("inlao")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str559[sizeof("xidcontinue")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str560[sizeof("inoldnortharabian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str565[sizeof("intransportandmapsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str566[sizeof("letternumber")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str568[sizeof("gothic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str572[sizeof("inlineara")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str577[sizeof("inmendekikakui")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str579[sizeof("mongolian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str582[sizeof("inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str583[sizeof("inspecials")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str590[sizeof("grlink")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str594[sizeof("brahmi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str596[sizeof("inemoticons")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str597[sizeof("kali")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str600[sizeof("inolditalic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str602[sizeof("xidc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str604[sizeof("inmedefaidrin")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str605[sizeof("inchesssymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str608[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityideographssupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str609[sizeof("kits")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str614[sizeof("inadlam")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str624[sizeof("psalterpahlavi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str625[sizeof("incommonindicnumberforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str630[sizeof("lt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str636[sizeof("innewa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str639[sizeof("sk")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str642[sizeof("control")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str643[sizeof("inkawi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str645[sizeof("inancientsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str647[sizeof("palm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str650[sizeof("inlycian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str657[sizeof("so")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str660[sizeof("patternwhitespace")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str672[sizeof("inmandaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str675[sizeof("idc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str678[sizeof("meroiticcursive")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str679[sizeof("intoto")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str683[sizeof("vs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str692[sizeof("xids")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str695[sizeof("inwarangciti")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str696[sizeof("sora")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str697[sizeof("inopticalcharacterrecognition")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str700[sizeof("kawi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str703[sizeof("inoldsogdian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str705[sizeof("inmalayalam")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str707[sizeof("bamum")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str708[sizeof("inkanasupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str713[sizeof("insundanese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str720[sizeof("grext")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str737[sizeof("print")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str738[sizeof("intaitham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str742[sizeof("lower")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str745[sizeof("patternsyntax")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str753[sizeof("joinc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str755[sizeof("inoldsoutharabian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str760[sizeof("incjkstrokes")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str761[sizeof("batk")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str766[sizeof("samr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str767[sizeof("inwancho")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str771[sizeof("batak")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str776[sizeof("patws")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str783[sizeof("samaritan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str787[sizeof("idsbinaryoperator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str791[sizeof("pauc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str794[sizeof("insmallkanaextension")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str797[sizeof("sm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str799[sizeof("indominotiles")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str802[sizeof("alnum")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str803[sizeof("inznamennymusicalnotation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str809[sizeof("insylotinagri")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str814[sizeof("inugaritic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str818[sizeof("incontrolpictures")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str821[sizeof("inlinearbideograms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str822[sizeof("inmusicalsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str823[sizeof("s")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str824[sizeof("ital")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str825[sizeof("inmodifiertoneletters")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str828[sizeof("inancientgreekmusicalnotation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str838[sizeof("lisu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str842[sizeof("lowercase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str845[sizeof("cwcm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str847[sizeof("sc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str848[sizeof("bass")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str855[sizeof("ids")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str857[sizeof("inlatinextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str875[sizeof("intaile")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str886[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str895[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbolsandarrows")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str898[sizeof("incaucasianalbanian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str900[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbolsandpictographs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str906[sizeof("inoldturkic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str907[sizeof("insaurashtra")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str920[sizeof("incyrillicextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str924[sizeof("idcontinue")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str925[sizeof("intaixuanjingsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str926[sizeof("intamil")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str928[sizeof("inmultani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str929[sizeof("inlatinextendede")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str930[sizeof("pd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str946[sizeof("bali")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str961[sizeof("blank")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str963[sizeof("idst")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str974[sizeof("inlydian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str986[sizeof("innewtailue")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str994[sizeof("bengali")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str995[sizeof("runr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1010[sizeof("ll")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1013[sizeof("indeseret")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1015[sizeof("inancientgreeknumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1021[sizeof("idstart")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1024[sizeof("zl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1025[sizeof("inmeeteimayekextensions")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1028[sizeof("balinese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1032[sizeof("incyrillicextendedc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1035[sizeof("inspacingmodifierletters")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1036[sizeof("inearlydynasticcuneiform")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1049[sizeof("plrd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1067[sizeof("canadianaboriginal")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1072[sizeof("sind")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1081[sizeof("inlatinextendedc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1085[sizeof("uideo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1087[sizeof("incountingrodnumerals")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1089[sizeof("zinh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1095[sizeof("dia")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1096[sizeof("di")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1097[sizeof("inkhudawadi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1102[sizeof("inhanifirohingya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1104[sizeof("diak")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1105[sizeof("gong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1107[sizeof("ingrantha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1109[sizeof("bidic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1114[sizeof("xidstart")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1115[sizeof("xdigit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1119[sizeof("mong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1120[sizeof("cased")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1134[sizeof("inhiragana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1140[sizeof("sinhala")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1142[sizeof("adlm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1145[sizeof("xsux")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1146[sizeof("glagolitic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1147[sizeof("sterm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1149[sizeof("bamu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1150[sizeof("georgian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1151[sizeof("inosage")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1152[sizeof("gunjalagondi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1153[sizeof("phoenician")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1156[sizeof("inolduyghur")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1157[sizeof("multani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1158[sizeof("kaithi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1164[sizeof("joincontrol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1168[sizeof("runic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1170[sizeof("ingeneralpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1171[sizeof("inmahajani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1174[sizeof("incyrillicsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1175[sizeof("lowercaseletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1176[sizeof("marchen")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1177[sizeof("graphemelink")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1178[sizeof("ingeorgian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1180[sizeof("khojki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1181[sizeof("cham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1182[sizeof("inogham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1183[sizeof("cher")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1185[sizeof("chakma")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1186[sizeof("inkaktoviknumerals")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1190[sizeof("emoji")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1191[sizeof("insiddham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1197[sizeof("cherokee")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1198[sizeof("khar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1203[sizeof("inmongolian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1204[sizeof("innagmundari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1207[sizeof("incherokeesupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1209[sizeof("manichaean")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1212[sizeof("inolchiki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1223[sizeof("inkhitansmallscript")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1227[sizeof("quotationmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1229[sizeof("vithkuqi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1230[sizeof("variationselector")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1231[sizeof("adlam")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1232[sizeof("inethiopic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1233[sizeof("graphemebase")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1234[sizeof("age=11.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1235[sizeof("age=12.1")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1236[sizeof("age=10.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1237[sizeof("age=12.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1241[sizeof("age=13.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1242[sizeof("age=1.1")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1243[sizeof("casedletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1244[sizeof("ingurmukhi")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1245[sizeof("age=2.1")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1246[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiona")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1247[sizeof("age=2.0")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1248[sizeof("lu")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1249[sizeof("age=3.1")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1250[sizeof("age=9.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1251[sizeof("age=3.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1252[sizeof("age=3.2")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1253[sizeof("age=8.0")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1254[sizeof("intamilsupplement")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1255[sizeof("age=6.1")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1256[sizeof("unknown")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1257[sizeof("age=6.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1258[sizeof("age=6.2")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1259[sizeof("age=15.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1260[sizeof("age=7.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1262[sizeof("age=6.3")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1263[sizeof("cwt")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1265[sizeof("age=14.0")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1266[sizeof("unassigned")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1267[sizeof("age=5.1")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1269[sizeof("age=5.0")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1270[sizeof("age=5.2")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1271[sizeof("diacritic")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1273[sizeof("age=4.1")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1274[sizeof("ahom")];
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1275[sizeof("age=4.0")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1282[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensione")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1285[sizeof("khmr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1289[sizeof("insinhala")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1292[sizeof("inmiscellaneoustechnical")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1297[sizeof("saur")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1300[sizeof("guru")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1301[sizeof("sundanese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1306[sizeof("punct")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1314[sizeof("paucinhau")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1317[sizeof("gurmukhi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1328[sizeof("chorasmian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1331[sizeof("logicalorderexception")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1340[sizeof("khmer")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1343[sizeof("limbu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1349[sizeof("chrs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1352[sizeof("oriya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1354[sizeof("inscriptionalpahlavi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1356[sizeof("incyrillicextendedd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1358[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1360[sizeof("cntrl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1365[sizeof("inlatinextendedadditional")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1367[sizeof("insorasompeng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1369[sizeof("radical")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1373[sizeof("emojimodifier")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1375[sizeof("kharoshthi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1380[sizeof("n")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1384[sizeof("math")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1387[sizeof("goth")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1392[sizeof("phnx")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1400[sizeof("anatolianhieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1401[sizeof("inenclosedalphanumerics")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1407[sizeof("nandinagari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1409[sizeof("no")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1415[sizeof("intangsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1419[sizeof("nko")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1420[sizeof("nkoo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1422[sizeof("ingreekandcoptic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1426[sizeof("p")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1428[sizeof("grantha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1429[sizeof("decimalnumber")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1438[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1442[sizeof("intirhuta")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1448[sizeof("inhatran")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1449[sizeof("linb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1451[sizeof("mult")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1454[sizeof("saurashtra")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1457[sizeof("kthi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1460[sizeof("zanb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1462[sizeof("inbhaiksuki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1470[sizeof("innabataean")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1471[sizeof("inphoenician")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1474[sizeof("xpeo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1475[sizeof("inkanbun")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1476[sizeof("inmeroitichieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1480[sizeof("ahex")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1489[sizeof("enclosingmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1495[sizeof("sd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1497[sizeof("inelbasan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1499[sizeof("inenclosedideographicsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1501[sizeof("sidd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1507[sizeof("linearb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1508[sizeof("cpmn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1517[sizeof("inenclosedalphanumericsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1520[sizeof("bidicontrol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1524[sizeof("inphaistosdisc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1529[sizeof("limb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1531[sizeof("inkangxiradicals")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1533[sizeof("lepc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1536[sizeof("braille")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1537[sizeof("regionalindicator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1542[sizeof("inlowsurrogates")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1547[sizeof("brah")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1549[sizeof("inoldhungarian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1557[sizeof("beng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1563[sizeof("emojimodifierbase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1565[sizeof("inarabic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1570[sizeof("osage")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1572[sizeof("inherited")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1577[sizeof("incyprominoan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1580[sizeof("glag")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1582[sizeof("medf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1583[sizeof("osma")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1587[sizeof("indogra")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1597[sizeof("arab")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1598[sizeof("medefaidrin")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1607[sizeof("inshorthandformatcontrols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1613[sizeof("phli")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1617[sizeof("inimperialaramaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1618[sizeof("emod")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1622[sizeof("ingreekextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1623[sizeof("inanatolianhieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1629[sizeof("punctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1635[sizeof("graphemeextend")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1643[sizeof("cwl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1644[sizeof("vith")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1654[sizeof("ingeometricshapes")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1655[sizeof("emojicomponent")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1657[sizeof("dsrt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1662[sizeof("coptic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1664[sizeof("inkayahli")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1671[sizeof("inoriya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1675[sizeof("inarabicpresentationformsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1677[sizeof("inbasiclatin")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1682[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiond")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1684[sizeof("wara")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1686[sizeof("sinh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1687[sizeof("sund")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1691[sizeof("shavian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1699[sizeof("insundanesesupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1701[sizeof("inyezidi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1704[sizeof("bhks")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1714[sizeof("bhaiksuki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1722[sizeof("inhanunoo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1724[sizeof("intangut")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1728[sizeof("sogdian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1729[sizeof("inlatinextendedd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1730[sizeof("sogo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1731[sizeof("insinhalaarchaicnumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1732[sizeof("ideographic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1733[sizeof("ugar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1734[sizeof("deseret")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1735[sizeof("odi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1740[sizeof("copt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1742[sizeof("imperialaramaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1745[sizeof("insogdian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1746[sizeof("indingbats")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1750[sizeof("format")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1752[sizeof("ininscriptionalpahlavi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1753[sizeof("lyci")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1757[sizeof("ininscriptionalparthian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1766[sizeof("grbase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1768[sizeof("lycian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1769[sizeof("inbatak")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1776[sizeof("cprt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1781[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1788[sizeof("mymr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1793[sizeof("myanmar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1806[sizeof("intibetan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1810[sizeof("intags")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1811[sizeof("asciihexdigit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1813[sizeof("sentenceterminal")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1821[sizeof("nand")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1828[sizeof("inblockelements")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1838[sizeof("inornamentaldingbats")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1841[sizeof("inethiopicextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1842[sizeof("innumberforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1843[sizeof("cwcf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1845[sizeof("oidc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1848[sizeof("bopo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1851[sizeof("cuneiform")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1866[sizeof("caseignorable")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1871[sizeof("inoldpersian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1881[sizeof("cwu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1888[sizeof("inelymaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1889[sizeof("insoyombo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1896[sizeof("ingeometricshapesextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1902[sizeof("incjkcompatibility")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1904[sizeof("inmyanmarextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1905[sizeof("innushu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1912[sizeof("inkanaextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1913[sizeof("olck")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1916[sizeof("inbyzantinemusicalsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1924[sizeof("olchiki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1929[sizeof("inkatakanaphoneticextensions")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1932[sizeof("incoptic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1935[sizeof("oids")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1936[sizeof("inarabicextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1941[sizeof("modifierletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1950[sizeof("incjksymbolsandpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1956[sizeof("olower")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1958[sizeof("bopomofo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1964[sizeof("inlisu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1967[sizeof("inoldpermic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1968[sizeof("innoblock")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1969[sizeof("ext")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1974[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabics")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1981[sizeof("takri")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1985[sizeof("inbraillepatterns")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1988[sizeof("invai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1991[sizeof("alpha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1993[sizeof("inbalinese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1994[sizeof("sorasompeng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1996[sizeof("closepunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2001[sizeof("hani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2002[sizeof("inmayannumerals")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2004[sizeof("han")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2006[sizeof("inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2010[sizeof("inlepcha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2011[sizeof("patsyn")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2012[sizeof("inlisusupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2014[sizeof("insyriacsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2015[sizeof("hano")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2016[sizeof("newa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2023[sizeof("spacingmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2024[sizeof("inpalmyrene")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2026[sizeof("takr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2033[sizeof("xposixpunct")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2040[sizeof("inkhojki")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2042[sizeof("taile")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2043[sizeof("assigned")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2044[sizeof("hanunoo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2047[sizeof("hira")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2048[sizeof("inarabicextendedc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2062[sizeof("newtailue")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2070[sizeof("space")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2073[sizeof("intelugu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2077[sizeof("lydi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2078[sizeof("idsb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2090[sizeof("extpict")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2092[sizeof("lydian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2095[sizeof("inethiopicsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2103[sizeof("sarb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2110[sizeof("ugaritic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2114[sizeof("inyiradicals")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2115[sizeof("inphoneticextensions")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2117[sizeof("sharada")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2128[sizeof("zanabazarsquare")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2135[sizeof("bugi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2137[sizeof("word")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2141[sizeof("term")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2145[sizeof("separator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2146[sizeof("ingeorgiansupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2149[sizeof("sogd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2163[sizeof("extender")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2165[sizeof("shrd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2166[sizeof("graph")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2174[sizeof("tnsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2178[sizeof("tangsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2181[sizeof("phag")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2182[sizeof("dogra")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2195[sizeof("inhanguljamo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2196[sizeof("inshavian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2207[sizeof("siddham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2211[sizeof("cf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2216[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2217[sizeof("buginese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2218[sizeof("inmongoliansupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2219[sizeof("cyrl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2224[sizeof("inhanguljamoextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2228[sizeof("pf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2229[sizeof("number")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2232[sizeof("inphoneticextensionssupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2233[sizeof("dogr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2234[sizeof("mlym")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2235[sizeof("incopticepactnumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2241[sizeof("malayalam")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2244[sizeof("inbamum")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2247[sizeof("nd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2248[sizeof("insuttonsignwriting")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2276[sizeof("inethiopicextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2278[sizeof("shaw")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2279[sizeof("palmyrene")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2283[sizeof("soyo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2296[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2305[sizeof("sgnw")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2308[sizeof("toto")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2312[sizeof("caucasianalbanian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2315[sizeof("inmathematicalalphanumericsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2316[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2318[sizeof("hatran")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2321[sizeof("taiviet")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2323[sizeof("meroitichieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2327[sizeof("ingeorgianextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2331[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2333[sizeof("oldpersian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2343[sizeof("induployan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2344[sizeof("incyrillicextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2345[sizeof("dash")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2353[sizeof("hatr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2361[sizeof("innyiakengpuachuehmong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2364[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarks")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2373[sizeof("nl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2374[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarksforsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2375[sizeof("khudawadi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2397[sizeof("incjkradicalssupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2398[sizeof("inglagolitic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2405[sizeof("orkh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2414[sizeof("syrc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2427[sizeof("surrogate")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2433[sizeof("indevanagari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2434[sizeof("avestan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2437[sizeof("oldpermic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2440[sizeof("ethi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2451[sizeof("ogam")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2454[sizeof("rohg")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2460[sizeof("idstrinaryoperator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2464[sizeof("java")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2470[sizeof("inphagspa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2475[sizeof("lepcha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2476[sizeof("indevanagariextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2478[sizeof("intifinagh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2479[sizeof("intagalog")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2481[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarkssupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2500[sizeof("tale")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2506[sizeof("inbrahmi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2511[sizeof("terminalpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2513[sizeof("insymbolsandpictographsextendeda")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2530[sizeof("syriac")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2534[sizeof("inbengali")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2535[sizeof("nagm")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2545[sizeof("extendedpictographic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2548[sizeof("buhd")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2549[sizeof("javanese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2551[sizeof("taml")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2564[sizeof("inbuginese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2567[sizeof("inlatin1supplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2570[sizeof("ingothic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2572[sizeof("invariationselectors")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2574[sizeof("hex")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2575[sizeof("inverticalforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2576[sizeof("ebase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2582[sizeof("incurrencysymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2588[sizeof("avst")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2602[sizeof("osge")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2606[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarksextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2608[sizeof("intaiviet")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2609[sizeof("spaceseparator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2625[sizeof("softdotted")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2648[sizeof("nchar")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2652[sizeof("invedicextensions")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2656[sizeof("inlimbu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2657[sizeof("olditalic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2665[sizeof("gujr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2666[sizeof("mathsymbol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2670[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2674[sizeof("gujarati")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2688[sizeof("phagspa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2689[sizeof("invariationselectorssupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2694[sizeof("currencysymbol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2705[sizeof("inlinearbsyllabary")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2726[sizeof("wancho")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2750[sizeof("inpaucinhau")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2761[sizeof("other")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2762[sizeof("otheridcontinue")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2765[sizeof("sylo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2766[sizeof("zp")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2769[sizeof("inaegeannumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2772[sizeof("warangciti")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2775[sizeof("othernumber")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2786[sizeof("digit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2793[sizeof("nonspacingmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2801[sizeof("titlecaseletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2808[sizeof("inmeroiticcursive")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2810[sizeof("wcho")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2816[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=spacingmark")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2821[sizeof("inletterlikesymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2830[sizeof("inottomansiyaqnumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2834[sizeof("intagbanwa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2836[sizeof("cyrillic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2847[sizeof("oalpha")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2852[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=cr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2855[sizeof("narb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2856[sizeof("changeswhencasemapped")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2859[sizeof("inbopomofo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2867[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=regionalindicator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2868[sizeof("otheralphabetic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2871[sizeof("noncharactercodepoint")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2879[sizeof("oldhungarian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2886[sizeof("insymbolsforlegacycomputing")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2902[sizeof("insmallformvariants")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2904[sizeof("inhangulsyllables")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2905[sizeof("emojipresentation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2907[sizeof("epres")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2909[sizeof("inbassavah")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2911[sizeof("indevanagariextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2941[sizeof("inbuhid")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2953[sizeof("tirhuta")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2964[sizeof("inpsalterpahlavi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2966[sizeof("whitespace")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2967[sizeof("finalpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2970[sizeof("orya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2980[sizeof("phlp")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2984[sizeof("inbamumsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2986[sizeof("buhid")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2987[sizeof("paragraphseparator")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2988[sizeof("inalphabeticpresentationforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2997[sizeof("inlatinextendedg")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3001[sizeof("elba")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3002[sizeof("changeswhentitlecased")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3005[sizeof("incombininghalfmarks")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3006[sizeof("intangutcomponents")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3015[sizeof("thaa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3018[sizeof("thai")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3019[sizeof("oldturkic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3026[sizeof("thaana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3027[sizeof("inlatinextendedf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3035[sizeof("ougr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3042[sizeof("tang")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3045[sizeof("inarabicmathematicalalphabeticsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3048[sizeof("tagbanwa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3052[sizeof("tamil")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3053[sizeof("khitansmallscript")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3058[sizeof("mahj")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3067[sizeof("mahajani")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3068[sizeof("hang")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3071[sizeof("tirh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3072[sizeof("sylotinagri")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3082[sizeof("talu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3084[sizeof("nagmundari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3086[sizeof("deva")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3087[sizeof("ingujarati")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3091[sizeof("deprecated")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3099[sizeof("inarabicpresentationformsb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3104[sizeof("devanagari")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3106[sizeof("ingunjalagondi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3107[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=t")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3109[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lvt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3110[sizeof("taitham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3111[sizeof("nbat")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3118[sizeof("telu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3123[sizeof("hiragana")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3125[sizeof("nabataean")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3135[sizeof("inrejang")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3142[sizeof("intangutsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3145[sizeof("khoj")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3155[sizeof("hmng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3157[sizeof("cyprominoan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3158[sizeof("inhebrew")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3176[sizeof("inmathematicaloperators")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3180[sizeof("inarabicsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3193[sizeof("inenclosedcjklettersandmonths")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3209[sizeof("changeswhenlowercased")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3212[sizeof("tangut")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3215[sizeof("elbasan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3218[sizeof("osmanya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3237[sizeof("insuperscriptsandsubscripts")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3239[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=extend")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3240[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=prepend")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3248[sizeof("nshu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3254[sizeof("otherlowercase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3265[sizeof("inethiopicextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3267[sizeof("otherletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3275[sizeof("kayahli")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3284[sizeof("inplayingcards")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3287[sizeof("elym")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3297[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=l")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3303[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=control")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3313[sizeof("ogrext")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3320[sizeof("elymaic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3328[sizeof("changeswhenuppercased")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3329[sizeof("inalchemicalsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3331[sizeof("oldsogdian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3338[sizeof("otheridstart")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3348[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3350[sizeof("invithkuqi")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3355[sizeof("symbol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3360[sizeof("inarabicextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3371[sizeof("cypriot")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3372[sizeof("any")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3373[sizeof("otheruppercase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3377[sizeof("rjng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3391[sizeof("wspace")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3396[sizeof("inindicsiyaqnumbers")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3405[sizeof("inprivateusearea")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3416[sizeof("othersymbol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3428[sizeof("oupper")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3433[sizeof("signwriting")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3436[sizeof("nushu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3455[sizeof("hmnp")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3458[sizeof("upper")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3460[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsc")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3483[sizeof("omath")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3502[sizeof("modifiersymbol")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3504[sizeof("hebr")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3505[sizeof("inhalfwidthandfullwidthforms")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3511[sizeof("insupplementalmathematicaloperators")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3532[sizeof("inpahawhhmong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3533[sizeof("alphabetic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3558[sizeof("uppercase")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3580[sizeof("dupl")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3590[sizeof("ogham")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3613[sizeof("dashpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3618[sizeof("hangul")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3648[sizeof("inhanguljamoextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3659[sizeof("bassavah")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3664[sizeof("aghb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3686[sizeof("hung")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3689[sizeof("hexdigit")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3698[sizeof("incypriotsyllabary")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3699[sizeof("indivesakuru")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3701[sizeof("tibt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3705[sizeof("inlatinextendedb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3710[sizeof("hluw")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3713[sizeof("tibetan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3721[sizeof("inyisyllables")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3744[sizeof("oldnortharabian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3754[sizeof("defaultignorablecodepoint")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3766[sizeof("inhighprivateusesurrogates")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3799[sizeof("soyombo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3807[sizeof("otherdefaultignorablecodepoint")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3842[sizeof("pahawhhmong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3845[sizeof("unifiedideograph")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3850[sizeof("othermath")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3854[sizeof("changeswhencasefolded")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3857[sizeof("inmahjongtiles")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3868[sizeof("dep")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3881[sizeof("divesakuru")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3884[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lf")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3891[sizeof("uppercaseletter")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3924[sizeof("insupplementalpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3942[sizeof("ethiopic")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3944[sizeof("inyijinghexagramsymbols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3949[sizeof("ecomp")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3976[sizeof("inglagoliticsupplement")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3998[sizeof("inbopomofoextended")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4007[sizeof("injavanese")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4106[sizeof("otherpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4116[sizeof("tifinagh")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4127[sizeof("tfng")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4169[sizeof("hanifirohingya")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4231[sizeof("tavt")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4308[sizeof("inboxdrawing")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4309[sizeof("oldsoutharabian")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4348[sizeof("inegyptianhieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4361[sizeof("inegyptianhieroglyphformatcontrols")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4459[sizeof("tagb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4487[sizeof("rejang")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4604[sizeof("tglg")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4626[sizeof("tagalog")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4627[sizeof("othergraphemeextend")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4674[sizeof("insupplementaryprivateuseareaa")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4683[sizeof("inhighsurrogates")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4695[sizeof("hebrew")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4734[sizeof("duployan")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4755[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=v")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4756[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lv")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4772[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsb")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4783[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=zwj")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4810[sizeof("telugu")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4898[sizeof("zyyy")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4982[sizeof("olduyghur")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4986[sizeof("inhangulcompatibilityjamo")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5018[sizeof("openpunctuation")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5038[sizeof("hyphen")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5134[sizeof("insupplementalsymbolsandpictographs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5141[sizeof("egyp")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5300[sizeof("nyiakengpuachuehmong")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5980[sizeof("egyptianhieroglyphs")];
-    char uniname2ctype_pool_str6098[sizeof("insupplementaryprivateuseareab")];
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-  };
-static const struct uniname2ctype_pool_t uniname2ctype_pool_contents =
-  {
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "word",
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "yi",
-    "yiii",
-    "lana",
-    "lina",
-    "maka",
-    "mani",
-    "mn",
-    "miao",
-    "lo",
-    "ci",
-    "lao",
-    "laoo",
-    "inkannada",
-    "cn",
-    "pi",
-    "innko",
-    "z",
-    "gran",
-    "co",
-    "lineara",
-    "mark",
-    "yezi",
-    "po",
-    "me",
-    "cari",
-    "inkharoshthi",
-    "kana",
-    "loe",
-    "m",
-    "grek",
-    "mro",
-    "mroo",
-    "carian",
-    "geor",
-    "greek",
-    "gonm",
-    "mendekikakui",
-    "pe",
-    "mero",
-    "inosmanya",
-    "cakm",
-    "inmanichaean",
-    "inmro",
-    "inmiao",
-    "inchakma",
-    "c",
-    "mandaic",
-    "meeteimayek",
-    "zzzz",
-    "inarmenian",
-    "inmyanmar",
-    "inmakasar",
-    "common",
-    "lm",
-    "marc",
-    "inrunic",
-    "incarian",
-    "inideographicsymbolsandpunctuation",
-    "inkhmer",
-    "qaai",
-    "inahom",
-    "merc",
-    "inchorasmian",
-    "combiningmark",
-    "lc",
-    "perm",
-    "mc",
-    "connectorpunctuation",
-    "cans",
-    "incuneiformnumbersandpunctuation",
-    "armi",
-    "cc",
-    "armn",
-    "incherokee",
-    "prependedconcatenationmark",
-    "incuneiform",
-    "inavestan",
-    "inipaextensions",
-    "pc",
-    "armenian",
-    "insharada",
-    "vai",
-    "vaii",
-    "inmarchen",
-    "makasar",
-    "masaramgondi",
-    "inarrows",
-    "incyrillic",
-    "incham",
-    "qmark",
-    "ri",
-    "qaac",
-    "insamaritan",
-    "latn",
-    "inmasaramgondi",
-    "inthaana",
-    "latin",
-    "inthai",
-    "lineseparator",
-    "pcm",
-    "inkatakana",
-    "inkaithi",
-    "inscriptionalparthian",
-    "initialpunctuation",
-    "mtei",
-    "inzanabazarsquare",
-    "inkhmersymbols",
-    "insyriac",
-    "intakri",
-    "arabic",
-    "katakana",
-    "prti",
-    "zs",
-    "ascii",
-    "cs",
-    "ps",
-    "mand",
-    "privateuse",
-    "inruminumeralsymbols",
-    "inmyanmarextendeda",
-    "modi",
-    "incjkcompatibilityforms",
-    "inkanaextendeda",
-    "incjkcompatibilityideographs",
-    "brai",
-    "mend",
-    "ideo",
-    "letter",
-    "l",
-    "inmeeteimayek",
-    "inideographicdescriptioncharacters",
-    "yezidi",
-    "knda",
-    "innandinagari",
-    "kannada",
-    "inmodi",
-    "inlao",
-    "xidcontinue",
-    "inoldnortharabian",
-    "intransportandmapsymbols",
-    "letternumber",
-    "gothic",
-    "inlineara",
-    "inmendekikakui",
-    "mongolian",
-    "inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsa",
-    "inspecials",
-    "grlink",
-    "brahmi",
-    "inemoticons",
-    "kali",
-    "inolditalic",
-    "xidc",
-    "inmedefaidrin",
-    "inchesssymbols",
-    "incjkcompatibilityideographssupplement",
-    "kits",
-    "inadlam",
-    "psalterpahlavi",
-    "incommonindicnumberforms",
-    "lt",
-    "innewa",
-    "sk",
-    "control",
-    "inkawi",
-    "inancientsymbols",
-    "palm",
-    "inlycian",
-    "so",
-    "patternwhitespace",
-    "inmandaic",
-    "idc",
-    "meroiticcursive",
-    "intoto",
-    "vs",
-    "xids",
-    "inwarangciti",
-    "sora",
-    "inopticalcharacterrecognition",
-    "kawi",
-    "inoldsogdian",
-    "inmalayalam",
-    "bamum",
-    "inkanasupplement",
-    "insundanese",
-    "grext",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "print",
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "punct",
-    "alpha",
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "intaitham",
-    "lower",
-    "patternsyntax",
-    "joinc",
-    "inoldsoutharabian",
-    "incjkstrokes",
-    "batk",
-    "samr",
-    "inwancho",
-    "batak",
-    "patws",
-    "samaritan",
-    "idsbinaryoperator",
-    "pauc",
-    "insmallkanaextension",
-    "sm",
-    "indominotiles",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "alnum",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "inznamennymusicalnotation",
-    "insylotinagri",
-    "inugaritic",
-    "incontrolpictures",
-    "inlinearbideograms",
-    "inmusicalsymbols",
-    "s",
-    "ital",
-    "inmodifiertoneletters",
-    "inancientgreekmusicalnotation",
-    "lisu",
-    "lowercase",
-    "cwcm",
-    "sc",
-    "bass",
-    "ids",
-    "inlatinextendeda",
-    "intaile",
-    "inmiscellaneoussymbols",
-    "inmiscellaneoussymbolsandarrows",
-    "incaucasianalbanian",
-    "inmiscellaneoussymbolsandpictographs",
-    "inoldturkic",
-    "insaurashtra",
-    "incyrillicextendeda",
-    "idcontinue",
-    "intaixuanjingsymbols",
-    "intamil",
-    "inmultani",
-    "inlatinextendede",
-    "pd",
-    "bali",
-    "blank",
-    "idst",
-    "inlydian",
-    "innewtailue",
-    "bengali",
-    "runr",
-    "ll",
-    "indeseret",
-    "inancientgreeknumbers",
-    "idstart",
-    "zl",
-    "inmeeteimayekextensions",
-    "balinese",
-    "incyrillicextendedc",
-    "inspacingmodifierletters",
-    "inearlydynasticcuneiform",
-    "plrd",
-    "canadianaboriginal",
-    "sind",
-    "inlatinextendedc",
-    "uideo",
-    "incountingrodnumerals",
-    "zinh",
-    "dia",
-    "di",
-    "inkhudawadi",
-    "inhanifirohingya",
-    "diak",
-    "gong",
-    "ingrantha",
-    "bidic",
-    "xidstart",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "xdigit",
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "upper",
-    "ascii",
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "mong",
-    "cased",
-    "inhiragana",
-    "sinhala",
-    "adlm",
-    "xsux",
-    "glagolitic",
-    "sterm",
-    "bamu",
-    "georgian",
-    "inosage",
-    "gunjalagondi",
-    "phoenician",
-    "inolduyghur",
-    "multani",
-    "kaithi",
-    "joincontrol",
-    "runic",
-    "ingeneralpunctuation",
-    "inmahajani",
-    "incyrillicsupplement",
-    "lowercaseletter",
-    "marchen",
-    "graphemelink",
-    "ingeorgian",
-    "khojki",
-    "cham",
-    "inogham",
-    "cher",
-    "chakma",
-    "inkaktoviknumerals",
-    "emoji",
-    "insiddham",
-    "cherokee",
-    "khar",
-    "inmongolian",
-    "innagmundari",
-    "incherokeesupplement",
-    "manichaean",
-    "inolchiki",
-    "inkhitansmallscript",
-    "quotationmark",
-    "vithkuqi",
-    "variationselector",
-    "adlam",
-    "inethiopic",
-    "graphemebase",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=11.0",
-    "age=12.1",
-    "age=10.0",
-    "age=12.0",
-    "age=13.0",
-    "age=1.1",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "casedletter",
-    "ingurmukhi",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=2.1",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiona",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=2.0",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "lu",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=3.1",
-    "age=9.0",
-    "age=3.0",
-    "age=3.2",
-    "age=8.0",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "intamilsupplement",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=6.1",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "unknown",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=6.0",
-    "age=6.2",
-    "age=15.0",
-    "age=7.0",
-    "age=6.3",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "cwt",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=14.0",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "unassigned",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=5.1",
-    "age=5.0",
-    "age=5.2",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "diacritic",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=4.1",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "ahom",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-    "age=4.0",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensione",
-    "khmr",
-    "insinhala",
-    "inmiscellaneoustechnical",
-    "saur",
-    "guru",
-    "sundanese",
-    "punct",
-    "paucinhau",
-    "gurmukhi",
-    "chorasmian",
-    "logicalorderexception",
-    "khmer",
-    "limbu",
-    "chrs",
-    "oriya",
-    "inscriptionalpahlavi",
-    "incyrillicextendedd",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionc",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "cntrl",
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "space",
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "inlatinextendedadditional",
-    "insorasompeng",
-    "radical",
-    "emojimodifier",
-    "kharoshthi",
-    "n",
-    "math",
-    "goth",
-    "phnx",
-    "anatolianhieroglyphs",
-    "inenclosedalphanumerics",
-    "nandinagari",
-    "no",
-    "intangsa",
-    "nko",
-    "nkoo",
-    "ingreekandcoptic",
-    "p",
-    "grantha",
-    "decimalnumber",
-    "incjkunifiedideographs",
-    "intirhuta",
-    "inhatran",
-    "linb",
-    "mult",
-    "saurashtra",
-    "kthi",
-    "zanb",
-    "inbhaiksuki",
-    "innabataean",
-    "inphoenician",
-    "xpeo",
-    "inkanbun",
-    "inmeroitichieroglyphs",
-    "ahex",
-    "enclosingmark",
-    "sd",
-    "inelbasan",
-    "inenclosedideographicsupplement",
-    "sidd",
-    "linearb",
-    "cpmn",
-    "inenclosedalphanumericsupplement",
-    "bidicontrol",
-    "inphaistosdisc",
-    "limb",
-    "inkangxiradicals",
-    "lepc",
-    "braille",
-    "regionalindicator",
-    "inlowsurrogates",
-    "brah",
-    "inoldhungarian",
-    "beng",
-    "emojimodifierbase",
-    "inarabic",
-    "osage",
-    "inherited",
-    "incyprominoan",
-    "glag",
-    "medf",
-    "osma",
-    "indogra",
-    "arab",
-    "medefaidrin",
-    "inshorthandformatcontrols",
-    "phli",
-    "inimperialaramaic",
-    "emod",
-    "ingreekextended",
-    "inanatolianhieroglyphs",
-    "punctuation",
-    "graphemeextend",
-    "cwl",
-    "vith",
-    "ingeometricshapes",
-    "emojicomponent",
-    "dsrt",
-    "coptic",
-    "inkayahli",
-    "inoriya",
-    "inarabicpresentationformsa",
-    "inbasiclatin",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiond",
-    "wara",
-    "sinh",
-    "sund",
-    "shavian",
-    "insundanesesupplement",
-    "inyezidi",
-    "bhks",
-    "bhaiksuki",
-    "inhanunoo",
-    "intangut",
-    "sogdian",
-    "inlatinextendedd",
-    "sogo",
-    "insinhalaarchaicnumbers",
-    "ideographic",
-    "ugar",
-    "deseret",
-    "odi",
-    "copt",
-    "imperialaramaic",
-    "insogdian",
-    "indingbats",
-    "format",
-    "ininscriptionalpahlavi",
-    "lyci",
-    "ininscriptionalparthian",
-    "grbase",
-    "lycian",
-    "inbatak",
-    "cprt",
-    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextendeda",
-    "mymr",
-    "myanmar",
-    "intibetan",
-    "intags",
-    "asciihexdigit",
-    "sentenceterminal",
-    "nand",
-    "inblockelements",
-    "inornamentaldingbats",
-    "inethiopicextendeda",
-    "innumberforms",
-    "cwcf",
-    "oidc",
-    "bopo",
-    "cuneiform",
-    "caseignorable",
-    "inoldpersian",
-    "cwu",
-    "inelymaic",
-    "insoyombo",
-    "ingeometricshapesextended",
-    "incjkcompatibility",
-    "inmyanmarextendedb",
-    "innushu",
-    "inkanaextendedb",
-    "olck",
-    "inbyzantinemusicalsymbols",
-    "olchiki",
-    "inkatakanaphoneticextensions",
-    "incoptic",
-    "oids",
-    "inarabicextendeda",
-    "modifierletter",
-    "incjksymbolsandpunctuation",
-    "olower",
-    "bopomofo",
-    "inlisu",
-    "inoldpermic",
-    "innoblock",
-    "ext",
-    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabics",
-    "takri",
-    "inbraillepatterns",
-    "invai",
-    "alpha",
-    "inbalinese",
-    "sorasompeng",
-    "closepunctuation",
-    "hani",
-    "inmayannumerals",
-    "han",
-    "inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsb",
-    "inlepcha",
-    "patsyn",
-    "inlisusupplement",
-    "insyriacsupplement",
-    "hano",
-    "newa",
-    "spacingmark",
-    "inpalmyrene",
-    "takr",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "xposixpunct",
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "lower",
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "inkhojki",
-    "taile",
-    "assigned",
-    "hanunoo",
-    "hira",
-    "inarabicextendedc",
-    "newtailue",
-    "space",
-    "intelugu",
-    "lydi",
-    "idsb",
-    "extpict",
-    "lydian",
-    "inethiopicsupplement",
-    "sarb",
-    "ugaritic",
-    "inyiradicals",
-    "inphoneticextensions",
-    "sharada",
-    "zanabazarsquare",
-    "bugi",
-    "word",
-    "term",
-    "separator",
-    "ingeorgiansupplement",
-    "sogd",
-    "extender",
-    "shrd",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "graph",
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "tnsa",
-    "tangsa",
-    "phag",
-    "dogra",
-    "inhanguljamo",
-    "inshavian",
-    "siddham",
-    "cf",
-    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextended",
-    "buginese",
-    "inmongoliansupplement",
-    "cyrl",
-    "inhanguljamoextendeda",
-    "pf",
-    "number",
-    "inphoneticextensionssupplement",
-    "dogr",
-    "mlym",
-    "incopticepactnumbers",
-    "malayalam",
-    "inbamum",
-    "nd",
-    "insuttonsignwriting",
-    "inethiopicextended",
-    "shaw",
-    "palmyrene",
-    "soyo",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionh",
-    "sgnw",
-    "toto",
-    "caucasianalbanian",
-    "inmathematicalalphanumericsymbols",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiong",
-    "hatran",
-    "taiviet",
-    "meroitichieroglyphs",
-    "ingeorgianextended",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionf",
-    "oldpersian",
-    "induployan",
-    "incyrillicextendedb",
-    "dash",
-    "hatr",
-    "innyiakengpuachuehmong",
-    "incombiningdiacriticalmarks",
-    "nl",
-    "incombiningdiacriticalmarksforsymbols",
-    "khudawadi",
-    "incjkradicalssupplement",
-    "inglagolitic",
-    "orkh",
-    "syrc",
-    "surrogate",
-    "indevanagari",
-    "avestan",
-    "oldpermic",
-    "ethi",
-    "ogam",
-    "rohg",
-    "idstrinaryoperator",
-    "java",
-    "inphagspa",
-    "lepcha",
-    "indevanagariextendeda",
-    "intifinagh",
-    "intagalog",
-    "incombiningdiacriticalmarkssupplement",
-    "tale",
-    "inbrahmi",
-    "terminalpunctuation",
-    "insymbolsandpictographsextendeda",
-    "syriac",
-    "inbengali",
-    "nagm",
-    "extendedpictographic",
-    "buhd",
-    "javanese",
-    "taml",
-    "inbuginese",
-    "inlatin1supplement",
-    "ingothic",
-    "invariationselectors",
-    "hex",
-    "inverticalforms",
-    "ebase",
-    "incurrencysymbols",
-    "avst",
-    "osge",
-    "incombiningdiacriticalmarksextended",
-    "intaiviet",
-    "spaceseparator",
-    "softdotted",
-    "nchar",
-    "invedicextensions",
-    "inlimbu",
-    "olditalic",
-    "gujr",
-    "mathsymbol",
-    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionb",
-    "gujarati",
-    "phagspa",
-    "invariationselectorssupplement",
-    "currencysymbol",
-    "inlinearbsyllabary",
-    "wancho",
-    "inpaucinhau",
-    "other",
-    "otheridcontinue",
-    "sylo",
-    "zp",
-    "inaegeannumbers",
-    "warangciti",
-    "othernumber",
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "digit",
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-    "blank"
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    "nonspacingmark",
-    "titlecaseletter",
-    "inmeroiticcursive",
-    "wcho",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=spacingmark",
-    "inletterlikesymbols",
-    "inottomansiyaqnumbers",
-    "intagbanwa",
-    "cyrillic",
-    "oalpha",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=cr",
-    "narb",
-    "changeswhencasemapped",
-    "inbopomofo",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=regionalindicator",
-    "otheralphabetic",
-    "noncharactercodepoint",
-    "oldhungarian",
-    "insymbolsforlegacycomputing",
-    "insmallformvariants",
-    "inhangulsyllables",
-    "emojipresentation",
-    "epres",
-    "inbassavah",
-    "indevanagariextended",
-    "inbuhid",
-    "tirhuta",
-    "inpsalterpahlavi",
-    "whitespace",
-    "finalpunctuation",
-    "orya",
-    "phlp",
-    "inbamumsupplement",
-    "buhid",
-    "paragraphseparator",
-    "inalphabeticpresentationforms",
-    "inlatinextendedg",
-    "elba",
-    "changeswhentitlecased",
-    "incombininghalfmarks",
-    "intangutcomponents",
-    "thaa",
-    "thai",
-    "oldturkic",
-    "thaana",
-    "inlatinextendedf",
-    "ougr",
-    "tang",
-    "inarabicmathematicalalphabeticsymbols",
-    "tagbanwa",
-    "tamil",
-    "khitansmallscript",
-    "mahj",
-    "mahajani",
-    "hang",
-    "tirh",
-    "sylotinagri",
-    "talu",
-    "nagmundari",
-    "deva",
-    "ingujarati",
-    "deprecated",
-    "inarabicpresentationformsb",
-    "devanagari",
-    "ingunjalagondi",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=t",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=lvt",
-    "taitham",
-    "nbat",
-    "telu",
-    "hiragana",
-    "nabataean",
-    "inrejang",
-    "intangutsupplement",
-    "khoj",
-    "hmng",
-    "cyprominoan",
-    "inhebrew",
-    "inmathematicaloperators",
-    "inarabicsupplement",
-    "inenclosedcjklettersandmonths",
-    "changeswhenlowercased",
-    "tangut",
-    "elbasan",
-    "osmanya",
-    "insuperscriptsandsubscripts",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=extend",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=prepend",
-    "nshu",
-    "otherlowercase",
-    "inethiopicextendedb",
-    "otherletter",
-    "kayahli",
-    "inplayingcards",
-    "elym",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=l",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=control",
-    "ogrext",
-    "elymaic",
-    "changeswhenuppercased",
-    "inalchemicalsymbols",
-    "oldsogdian",
-    "otheridstart",
-    "insupplementalarrowsa",
-    "invithkuqi",
-    "symbol",
-    "inarabicextendedb",
-    "cypriot",
-    "any",
-    "otheruppercase",
-    "rjng",
-    "wspace",
-    "inindicsiyaqnumbers",
-    "inprivateusearea",
-    "othersymbol",
-    "oupper",
-    "signwriting",
-    "nushu",
-    "hmnp",
-    "upper",
-    "insupplementalarrowsc",
-    "omath",
-    "modifiersymbol",
-    "hebr",
-    "inhalfwidthandfullwidthforms",
-    "insupplementalmathematicaloperators",
-    "inpahawhhmong",
-    "alphabetic",
-    "uppercase",
-    "dupl",
-    "ogham",
-    "dashpunctuation",
-    "hangul",
-    "inhanguljamoextendedb",
-    "bassavah",
-    "aghb",
-    "hung",
-    "hexdigit",
-    "incypriotsyllabary",
-    "indivesakuru",
-    "tibt",
-    "inlatinextendedb",
-    "hluw",
-    "tibetan",
-    "inyisyllables",
-    "oldnortharabian",
-    "defaultignorablecodepoint",
-    "inhighprivateusesurrogates",
-    "soyombo",
-    "otherdefaultignorablecodepoint",
-    "pahawhhmong",
-    "unifiedideograph",
-    "othermath",
-    "changeswhencasefolded",
-    "inmahjongtiles",
-    "dep",
-    "divesakuru",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=lf",
-    "uppercaseletter",
-    "insupplementalpunctuation",
-    "ethiopic",
-    "inyijinghexagramsymbols",
-    "ecomp",
-    "inglagoliticsupplement",
-    "inbopomofoextended",
-    "injavanese",
-    "otherpunctuation",
-    "tifinagh",
-    "tfng",
-    "hanifirohingya",
-    "tavt",
-    "inboxdrawing",
-    "oldsoutharabian",
-    "inegyptianhieroglyphs",
-    "inegyptianhieroglyphformatcontrols",
-    "tagb",
-    "rejang",
-    "tglg",
-    "tagalog",
-    "othergraphemeextend",
-    "insupplementaryprivateuseareaa",
-    "inhighsurrogates",
-    "hebrew",
-    "duployan",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=v",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=lv",
-    "insupplementalarrowsb",
-    "graphemeclusterbreak=zwj",
-    "telugu",
-    "zyyy",
-    "olduyghur",
-    "inhangulcompatibilityjamo",
-    "openpunctuation",
-    "hyphen",
-    "insupplementalsymbolsandpictographs",
-    "egyp",
-    "nyiakengpuachuehmong",
-    "egyptianhieroglyphs",
-    "insupplementaryprivateuseareab"
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-  };
-#define uniname2ctype_pool ((const char *) &uniname2ctype_pool_contents)
-const struct uniname2ctype_struct *
-uniname2ctype_p (register const char *str, register size_t len)
-{
-  static const struct uniname2ctype_struct wordlist[] =
-    {
-#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str11), 111},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str17), 111},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str22), 152},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str25), 184},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str33), 218},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str35), 186},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str36), 34},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str45), 173},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str46), 28},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str47), 61},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str48), 95},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str49), 95},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str52), 346},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str55), 21},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str64), 44},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str66), 333},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str67), 52},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str71), 181},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str75), 22},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str83), 184},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str86), 31},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str90), 230},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str92), 45},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str94), 33},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str100), 149},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str101), 513},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str102), 108},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str103), 263},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str107), 31},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str108), 77},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str111), 189},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str112), 189},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str115), 149},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str117), 98},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str118), 77},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str122), 212},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str129), 187},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str130), 42},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str131), 172},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str134), 497},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str139), 170},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str145), 516},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str146), 575},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str148), 580},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str149), 535},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str151), 18},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str152), 169},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str153), 160},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str158), 278},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str161), 327},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str177), 352},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str178), 563},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str183), 75},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str186), 27},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str190), 208},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str203), 360},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str204), 488},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str210), 581},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str212), 365},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str213), 115},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str218), 549},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str226), 171},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str230), 530},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str231), 31},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str236), 25},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str237), 194},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str246), 32},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str250), 40},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str253), 102},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str260), 568},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str263), 161},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str265), 19},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str267), 79},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str268), 357},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str270), 270},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str274), 567},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str275), 517},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str281), 321},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str282), 40},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str283), 79},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str285), 537},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str287), 144},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str288), 144},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str289), 560},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str293), 218},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str297), 212},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str301), 395},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str311), 325},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str313), 456},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str315), 243},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str320), 271},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str322), 129},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str328), 334},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str331), 76},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str335), 561},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str338), 332},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str340), 76},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str342), 349},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str345), 53},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str346), 270},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str348), 426},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str352), 533},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str362), 163},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str366), 44},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str373), 160},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str381), 554},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str386), 371},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str399), 330},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str401), 548},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str404), 81},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str418), 108},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str426), 163},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str430), 55},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str442), 14},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str445), 23},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str462), 46},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str468), 169},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str470), 22},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str475), 524},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str480), 457},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str481), 188},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str486), 476},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str488), 588},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str491), 470},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str500), 127},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str504), 187},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str505), 249},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str506), 24},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str509), 24},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str511), 463},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str520), 423},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str533), 230},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str538), 91},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str541), 553},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str543), 91},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str556), 546},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str558), 350},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str559), 70},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str560), 515},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str565), 624},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str566), 37},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str568), 113},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str572), 502},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str577), 611},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str579), 106},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str582), 406},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str583), 480},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str590), 74},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str594), 168},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str596), 622},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str597), 146},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str600), 490},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str602), 70},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str604), 579},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str605), 629},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str608), 637},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str609), 229},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str614), 612},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str624), 195},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str625), 447},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str630), 29},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str636), 543},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str639), 49},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str642), 19},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str643), 564},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str645), 485},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str647), 192},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str650), 487},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str657), 51},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str660), 268},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str672), 335},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str675), 68},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str678), 171},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str679), 607},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str683), 267},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str692), 69},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str695), 551},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str696), 175},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str697), 399},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str700), 236},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str703), 527},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str705), 347},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str707), 158},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str708), 587},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str713), 376},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str720), 72},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str737), 7},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str738), 373},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str742), 6},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str745), 269},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str753), 240},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str755), 514},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str760), 431},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str761), 167},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str766), 156},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str767), 608},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str771), 167},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str776), 268},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str783), 156},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str787), 256},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str791), 193},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str794), 589},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str797), 50},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str799), 617},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str802), 13},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str803), 593},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str809), 446},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str814), 493},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str818), 398},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str821), 482},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str822), 595},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str823), 47},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str824), 112},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str825), 444},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str828), 596},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str838), 157},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str842), 58},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str845), 66},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str847), 48},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str848), 178},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str855), 67},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str857), 319},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str875), 369},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str886), 404},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str895), 412},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str898), 500},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str900), 621},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str906), 521},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str907), 449},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str920), 419},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str924), 68},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str925), 599},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str926), 344},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str928), 540},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str929), 461},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str930), 41},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str946), 136},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str961), 2},
-      {-1},
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-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1},
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-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1},
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-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str994), 85},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str995), 104},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1010), 26},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1013), 495},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1015), 484},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1021), 67},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1024), 53},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1025), 459},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1028), 136},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1032), 380},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1035), 322},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1036), 569},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1049), 173},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1067), 102},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1072), 197},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1081), 414},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1085), 259},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1087), 600},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1089), 115},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1095), 250},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1096), 71},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1097), 541},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1102), 523},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1104), 228},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1105), 217},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1107), 542},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1109), 239},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1114), 69},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1115), 11},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1119), 106},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1120), 60},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1134), 425},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1140), 93},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1142), 206},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1145), 137},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1146), 131},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1147), 266},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1149), 158},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1150), 98},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1151), 498},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1152), 217},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1153), 138},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1156), 529},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1157), 203},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1158), 166},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1164), 240},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1168), 104},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1170), 389},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1171), 536},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1174), 326},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1175), 26},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1176), 208},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1177), 74},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1178), 353},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1180), 183},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1181), 151},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1182), 359},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1183), 101},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1185), 170},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1186), 597},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1190), 272},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1191), 545},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1197), 101},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1198), 135},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1203), 366},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1204), 609},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1207), 462},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1209), 186},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1212), 379},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1223), 584},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1227), 243},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1229), 235},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1230), 267},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1231), 206},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1232), 355},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1233), 73},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1234), 298},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1235), 300},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1236), 297},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1237), 299},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1241), 301},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1242), 279},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1243), 25},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1244), 341},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1245), 281},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1246), 435},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1247), 280},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1248), 30},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1249), 283},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1250), 296},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1251), 282},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1252), 284},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1253), 295},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1254), 566},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1255), 291},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1256), 278},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1257), 290},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1258), 292},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1259), 303},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1260), 294},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1262), 293},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1263), 64},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1265), 302},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1266), 21},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1267), 288},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1269), 287},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1270), 289},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1271), 250},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1273), 286},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1274), 200},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1275), 285},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1282), 635},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1285), 105},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1289), 348},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1292), 397},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1297), 145},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1300), 86},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1301), 141},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1306), 15},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1314), 193},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1317), 86},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1328), 227},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1331), 263},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1340), 105},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1343), 120},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1349), 227},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1352), 88},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1354), 164},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1356), 605},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1358), 633},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1360), 3},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1365), 387},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1367), 534},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1369), 258},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1373), 274},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1375), 135},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1380), 35},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1384), 56},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1387), 113},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1392), 138},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1400), 201},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1401), 400},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1407), 224},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1409), 38},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1415), 576},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1419), 140},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1420), 140},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1422), 324},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1426), 39},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1428), 181},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1429), 36},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1438), 437},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1442), 544},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1448), 508},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1449), 122},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1451), 203},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1454), 145},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1457), 166},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1460), 215},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1462), 559},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1470), 507},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1471), 509},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1474), 134},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1475), 429},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1476), 511},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1480), 247},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1489), 33},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1495), 262},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1497), 499},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1499), 620},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1501), 196},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1507), 122},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1508), 231},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1517), 619},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1520), 239},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1524), 486},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1529), 120},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1531), 422},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1533), 142},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1536), 127},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1537), 271},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1542), 468},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1547), 168},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1549), 522},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1557), 85},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1563), 275},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1565), 329},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1570), 210},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1572), 115},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1577), 570},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1580), 131},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1582), 219},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1583), 125},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1587), 550},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1597), 81},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1598), 219},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1607), 592},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1613), 164},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1617), 505},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1618), 274},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1622), 388},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1623), 573},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1629), 39},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1635), 72},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1643), 62},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1644), 235},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1654), 403},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1655), 276},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1657), 114},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1662), 129},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1664), 451},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1671), 343},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1675), 472},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1677), 317},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1682), 634},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1684), 199},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1686), 93},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1687), 141},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1691), 124},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1699), 382},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1701), 525},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1704), 207},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1714), 207},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1722), 362},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1724), 582},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1728), 221},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1729), 445},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1730), 222},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1731), 538},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1732), 249},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1733), 123},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1734), 114},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1735), 260},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1740), 129},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1742), 161},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1745), 528},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1746), 405},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1750), 20},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1752), 519},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1753), 148},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1757), 518},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1766), 73},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1768), 148},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1769), 377},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1776), 126},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1781), 556},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1788), 97},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1793), 97},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1806), 351},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1810), 640},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1811), 247},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1813), 266},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1821), 224},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1828), 402},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1838), 623},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1841), 460},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1842), 394},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1843), 65},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1845), 265},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1848), 109},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1851), 137},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1866), 61},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1871), 494},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1881), 63},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1888), 531},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1889), 555},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1896), 626},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1902), 434},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1904), 455},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1905), 590},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1912), 586},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1913), 143},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1916), 594},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1924), 143},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1929), 432},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1932), 415},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1935), 264},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1936), 338},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4898), 75},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4982), 232},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4986), 428},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5018), 46},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5038), 242},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5134), 628},
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str6), 12},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str7), 7},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str8), 15},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str9), 1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str10), 13},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str11), 11},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str12), 10},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str13), 14},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str14), 3},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str15), 9},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str16), 8},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str17), 6},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str18), 5},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str19), 4},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str20), 2}
-#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5141), 155},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5300), 225},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5980), 155},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {uniname2ctype_offset(str6098), 643}
-#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
-    };
-
-  if (len <= MAX_WORD_LENGTH && len >= MIN_WORD_LENGTH)
-    {
-      register unsigned int key = uniname2ctype_hash (str, len);
-
-      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
-        {
-          register int o = wordlist[key].name;
-          if (o >= 0)
-            {
-              register const char *s = o + uniname2ctype_pool;
-
-              if (*str == *s && !strncmp (str + 1, s + 1, len - 1) && s[len] == '\0')
-                return &wordlist[key];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-uniname2ctype(const UChar *name, unsigned int len)
-{
-  const struct uniname2ctype_struct *p = uniname2ctype_p((const char *)name, len);
-  if (p) return p->ctype;
-  return -1;
-}
-#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING && !( \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR == 15 && \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY == 0 && \
-      1)
-# error ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING mismatch
-#endif
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING "15.0.0"
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR 15
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR 0
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY 0
-#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING && !( \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MAJOR == 15 && \
-      ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
-      1)
-# error ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING mismatch
-#endif
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING "15.0"
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MAJOR 15
-#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MINOR 0
diff --git a/enc/unicode/17.0.0/casefold.h b/enc/unicode/17.0.0/casefold.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82439f35fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enc/unicode/17.0.0/casefold.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8013 @@
+/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. */
+/* Generated by enc-case-folding.rb */
+
+#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING && !( \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR == 17 && \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY == 0 && \
+      1)
+# error ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING mismatch
+#endif
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING "17.0.0"
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR 17
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR 0
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY 0
+
+static const CaseFold_11_Type CaseFold_11_Table[] = {
+#define CaseFold (*(CaseFold_11_Type (*)[1583])(CaseFold_11_Table+0))
+  {0x0041, {1|F|D, {0x0061}}},
+  {0x0042, {1|F|D, {0x0062}}},
+  {0x0043, {1|F|D, {0x0063}}},
+  {0x0044, {1|F|D, {0x0064}}},
+  {0x0045, {1|F|D, {0x0065}}},
+  {0x0046, {1|F|D, {0x0066}}},
+  {0x0047, {1|F|D, {0x0067}}},
+  {0x0048, {1|F|D, {0x0068}}},
+  {0x004a, {1|F|D, {0x006a}}},
+  {0x004b, {1|F|D, {0x006b}}},
+  {0x004c, {1|F|D, {0x006c}}},
+  {0x004d, {1|F|D, {0x006d}}},
+  {0x004e, {1|F|D, {0x006e}}},
+  {0x004f, {1|F|D, {0x006f}}},
+  {0x0050, {1|F|D, {0x0070}}},
+  {0x0051, {1|F|D, {0x0071}}},
+  {0x0052, {1|F|D, {0x0072}}},
+  {0x0053, {1|F|D, {0x0073}}},
+  {0x0054, {1|F|D, {0x0074}}},
+  {0x0055, {1|F|D, {0x0075}}},
+  {0x0056, {1|F|D, {0x0076}}},
+  {0x0057, {1|F|D, {0x0077}}},
+  {0x0058, {1|F|D, {0x0078}}},
+  {0x0059, {1|F|D, {0x0079}}},
+  {0x005a, {1|F|D, {0x007a}}},
+  {0x00b5, {1|F|SU|I(0), {0x03bc}}},
+  {0x00c0, {1|F|D, {0x00e0}}},
+  {0x00c1, {1|F|D, {0x00e1}}},
+  {0x00c2, {1|F|D, {0x00e2}}},
+  {0x00c3, {1|F|D, {0x00e3}}},
+  {0x00c4, {1|F|D, {0x00e4}}},
+  {0x00c5, {1|F|D, {0x00e5}}},
+  {0x00c6, {1|F|D, {0x00e6}}},
+  {0x00c7, {1|F|D, {0x00e7}}},
+  {0x00c8, {1|F|D, {0x00e8}}},
+  {0x00c9, {1|F|D, {0x00e9}}},
+  {0x00ca, {1|F|D, {0x00ea}}},
+  {0x00cb, {1|F|D, {0x00eb}}},
+  {0x00cc, {1|F|D, {0x00ec}}},
+  {0x00cd, {1|F|D, {0x00ed}}},
+  {0x00ce, {1|F|D, {0x00ee}}},
+  {0x00cf, {1|F|D, {0x00ef}}},
+  {0x00d0, {1|F|D, {0x00f0}}},
+  {0x00d1, {1|F|D, {0x00f1}}},
+  {0x00d2, {1|F|D, {0x00f2}}},
+  {0x00d3, {1|F|D, {0x00f3}}},
+  {0x00d4, {1|F|D, {0x00f4}}},
+  {0x00d5, {1|F|D, {0x00f5}}},
+  {0x00d6, {1|F|D, {0x00f6}}},
+  {0x00d8, {1|F|D, {0x00f8}}},
+  {0x00d9, {1|F|D, {0x00f9}}},
+  {0x00da, {1|F|D, {0x00fa}}},
+  {0x00db, {1|F|D, {0x00fb}}},
+  {0x00dc, {1|F|D, {0x00fc}}},
+  {0x00dd, {1|F|D, {0x00fd}}},
+  {0x00de, {1|F|D, {0x00fe}}},
+  {0x00df, {2|F|ST|SU|I(1), {0x0073, 0x0073}}},
+  {0x0100, {1|F|D, {0x0101}}},
+  {0x0102, {1|F|D, {0x0103}}},
+  {0x0104, {1|F|D, {0x0105}}},
+  {0x0106, {1|F|D, {0x0107}}},
+  {0x0108, {1|F|D, {0x0109}}},
+  {0x010a, {1|F|D, {0x010b}}},
+  {0x010c, {1|F|D, {0x010d}}},
+  {0x010e, {1|F|D, {0x010f}}},
+  {0x0110, {1|F|D, {0x0111}}},
+  {0x0112, {1|F|D, {0x0113}}},
+  {0x0114, {1|F|D, {0x0115}}},
+  {0x0116, {1|F|D, {0x0117}}},
+  {0x0118, {1|F|D, {0x0119}}},
+  {0x011a, {1|F|D, {0x011b}}},
+  {0x011c, {1|F|D, {0x011d}}},
+  {0x011e, {1|F|D, {0x011f}}},
+  {0x0120, {1|F|D, {0x0121}}},
+  {0x0122, {1|F|D, {0x0123}}},
+  {0x0124, {1|F|D, {0x0125}}},
+  {0x0126, {1|F|D, {0x0127}}},
+  {0x0128, {1|F|D, {0x0129}}},
+  {0x012a, {1|F|D, {0x012b}}},
+  {0x012c, {1|F|D, {0x012d}}},
+  {0x012e, {1|F|D, {0x012f}}},
+  {0x0132, {1|F|D, {0x0133}}},
+  {0x0134, {1|F|D, {0x0135}}},
+  {0x0136, {1|F|D, {0x0137}}},
+  {0x0139, {1|F|D, {0x013a}}},
+  {0x013b, {1|F|D, {0x013c}}},
+  {0x013d, {1|F|D, {0x013e}}},
+  {0x013f, {1|F|D, {0x0140}}},
+  {0x0141, {1|F|D, {0x0142}}},
+  {0x0143, {1|F|D, {0x0144}}},
+  {0x0145, {1|F|D, {0x0146}}},
+  {0x0147, {1|F|D, {0x0148}}},
+  {0x0149, {2|F|SU|I(5), {0x02bc, 0x006e}}},
+  {0x014a, {1|F|D, {0x014b}}},
+  {0x014c, {1|F|D, {0x014d}}},
+  {0x014e, {1|F|D, {0x014f}}},
+  {0x0150, {1|F|D, {0x0151}}},
+  {0x0152, {1|F|D, {0x0153}}},
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+  {0x10c81, {1|F|D, {0x10cc1}}},
+  {0x10c82, {1|F|D, {0x10cc2}}},
+  {0x10c83, {1|F|D, {0x10cc3}}},
+  {0x10c84, {1|F|D, {0x10cc4}}},
+  {0x10c85, {1|F|D, {0x10cc5}}},
+  {0x10c86, {1|F|D, {0x10cc6}}},
+  {0x10c87, {1|F|D, {0x10cc7}}},
+  {0x10c88, {1|F|D, {0x10cc8}}},
+  {0x10c89, {1|F|D, {0x10cc9}}},
+  {0x10c8a, {1|F|D, {0x10cca}}},
+  {0x10c8b, {1|F|D, {0x10ccb}}},
+  {0x10c8c, {1|F|D, {0x10ccc}}},
+  {0x10c8d, {1|F|D, {0x10ccd}}},
+  {0x10c8e, {1|F|D, {0x10cce}}},
+  {0x10c8f, {1|F|D, {0x10ccf}}},
+  {0x10c90, {1|F|D, {0x10cd0}}},
+  {0x10c91, {1|F|D, {0x10cd1}}},
+  {0x10c92, {1|F|D, {0x10cd2}}},
+  {0x10c93, {1|F|D, {0x10cd3}}},
+  {0x10c94, {1|F|D, {0x10cd4}}},
+  {0x10c95, {1|F|D, {0x10cd5}}},
+  {0x10c96, {1|F|D, {0x10cd6}}},
+  {0x10c97, {1|F|D, {0x10cd7}}},
+  {0x10c98, {1|F|D, {0x10cd8}}},
+  {0x10c99, {1|F|D, {0x10cd9}}},
+  {0x10c9a, {1|F|D, {0x10cda}}},
+  {0x10c9b, {1|F|D, {0x10cdb}}},
+  {0x10c9c, {1|F|D, {0x10cdc}}},
+  {0x10c9d, {1|F|D, {0x10cdd}}},
+  {0x10c9e, {1|F|D, {0x10cde}}},
+  {0x10c9f, {1|F|D, {0x10cdf}}},
+  {0x10ca0, {1|F|D, {0x10ce0}}},
+  {0x10ca1, {1|F|D, {0x10ce1}}},
+  {0x10ca2, {1|F|D, {0x10ce2}}},
+  {0x10ca3, {1|F|D, {0x10ce3}}},
+  {0x10ca4, {1|F|D, {0x10ce4}}},
+  {0x10ca5, {1|F|D, {0x10ce5}}},
+  {0x10ca6, {1|F|D, {0x10ce6}}},
+  {0x10ca7, {1|F|D, {0x10ce7}}},
+  {0x10ca8, {1|F|D, {0x10ce8}}},
+  {0x10ca9, {1|F|D, {0x10ce9}}},
+  {0x10caa, {1|F|D, {0x10cea}}},
+  {0x10cab, {1|F|D, {0x10ceb}}},
+  {0x10cac, {1|F|D, {0x10cec}}},
+  {0x10cad, {1|F|D, {0x10ced}}},
+  {0x10cae, {1|F|D, {0x10cee}}},
+  {0x10caf, {1|F|D, {0x10cef}}},
+  {0x10cb0, {1|F|D, {0x10cf0}}},
+  {0x10cb1, {1|F|D, {0x10cf1}}},
+  {0x10cb2, {1|F|D, {0x10cf2}}},
+  {0x10d50, {1|F|D, {0x10d70}}},
+  {0x10d51, {1|F|D, {0x10d71}}},
+  {0x10d52, {1|F|D, {0x10d72}}},
+  {0x10d53, {1|F|D, {0x10d73}}},
+  {0x10d54, {1|F|D, {0x10d74}}},
+  {0x10d55, {1|F|D, {0x10d75}}},
+  {0x10d56, {1|F|D, {0x10d76}}},
+  {0x10d57, {1|F|D, {0x10d77}}},
+  {0x10d58, {1|F|D, {0x10d78}}},
+  {0x10d59, {1|F|D, {0x10d79}}},
+  {0x10d5a, {1|F|D, {0x10d7a}}},
+  {0x10d5b, {1|F|D, {0x10d7b}}},
+  {0x10d5c, {1|F|D, {0x10d7c}}},
+  {0x10d5d, {1|F|D, {0x10d7d}}},
+  {0x10d5e, {1|F|D, {0x10d7e}}},
+  {0x10d5f, {1|F|D, {0x10d7f}}},
+  {0x10d60, {1|F|D, {0x10d80}}},
+  {0x10d61, {1|F|D, {0x10d81}}},
+  {0x10d62, {1|F|D, {0x10d82}}},
+  {0x10d63, {1|F|D, {0x10d83}}},
+  {0x10d64, {1|F|D, {0x10d84}}},
+  {0x10d65, {1|F|D, {0x10d85}}},
+  {0x118a0, {1|F|D, {0x118c0}}},
+  {0x118a1, {1|F|D, {0x118c1}}},
+  {0x118a2, {1|F|D, {0x118c2}}},
+  {0x118a3, {1|F|D, {0x118c3}}},
+  {0x118a4, {1|F|D, {0x118c4}}},
+  {0x118a5, {1|F|D, {0x118c5}}},
+  {0x118a6, {1|F|D, {0x118c6}}},
+  {0x118a7, {1|F|D, {0x118c7}}},
+  {0x118a8, {1|F|D, {0x118c8}}},
+  {0x118a9, {1|F|D, {0x118c9}}},
+  {0x118aa, {1|F|D, {0x118ca}}},
+  {0x118ab, {1|F|D, {0x118cb}}},
+  {0x118ac, {1|F|D, {0x118cc}}},
+  {0x118ad, {1|F|D, {0x118cd}}},
+  {0x118ae, {1|F|D, {0x118ce}}},
+  {0x118af, {1|F|D, {0x118cf}}},
+  {0x118b0, {1|F|D, {0x118d0}}},
+  {0x118b1, {1|F|D, {0x118d1}}},
+  {0x118b2, {1|F|D, {0x118d2}}},
+  {0x118b3, {1|F|D, {0x118d3}}},
+  {0x118b4, {1|F|D, {0x118d4}}},
+  {0x118b5, {1|F|D, {0x118d5}}},
+  {0x118b6, {1|F|D, {0x118d6}}},
+  {0x118b7, {1|F|D, {0x118d7}}},
+  {0x118b8, {1|F|D, {0x118d8}}},
+  {0x118b9, {1|F|D, {0x118d9}}},
+  {0x118ba, {1|F|D, {0x118da}}},
+  {0x118bb, {1|F|D, {0x118db}}},
+  {0x118bc, {1|F|D, {0x118dc}}},
+  {0x118bd, {1|F|D, {0x118dd}}},
+  {0x118be, {1|F|D, {0x118de}}},
+  {0x118bf, {1|F|D, {0x118df}}},
+  {0x16e40, {1|F|D, {0x16e60}}},
+  {0x16e41, {1|F|D, {0x16e61}}},
+  {0x16e42, {1|F|D, {0x16e62}}},
+  {0x16e43, {1|F|D, {0x16e63}}},
+  {0x16e44, {1|F|D, {0x16e64}}},
+  {0x16e45, {1|F|D, {0x16e65}}},
+  {0x16e46, {1|F|D, {0x16e66}}},
+  {0x16e47, {1|F|D, {0x16e67}}},
+  {0x16e48, {1|F|D, {0x16e68}}},
+  {0x16e49, {1|F|D, {0x16e69}}},
+  {0x16e4a, {1|F|D, {0x16e6a}}},
+  {0x16e4b, {1|F|D, {0x16e6b}}},
+  {0x16e4c, {1|F|D, {0x16e6c}}},
+  {0x16e4d, {1|F|D, {0x16e6d}}},
+  {0x16e4e, {1|F|D, {0x16e6e}}},
+  {0x16e4f, {1|F|D, {0x16e6f}}},
+  {0x16e50, {1|F|D, {0x16e70}}},
+  {0x16e51, {1|F|D, {0x16e71}}},
+  {0x16e52, {1|F|D, {0x16e72}}},
+  {0x16e53, {1|F|D, {0x16e73}}},
+  {0x16e54, {1|F|D, {0x16e74}}},
+  {0x16e55, {1|F|D, {0x16e75}}},
+  {0x16e56, {1|F|D, {0x16e76}}},
+  {0x16e57, {1|F|D, {0x16e77}}},
+  {0x16e58, {1|F|D, {0x16e78}}},
+  {0x16e59, {1|F|D, {0x16e79}}},
+  {0x16e5a, {1|F|D, {0x16e7a}}},
+  {0x16e5b, {1|F|D, {0x16e7b}}},
+  {0x16e5c, {1|F|D, {0x16e7c}}},
+  {0x16e5d, {1|F|D, {0x16e7d}}},
+  {0x16e5e, {1|F|D, {0x16e7e}}},
+  {0x16e5f, {1|F|D, {0x16e7f}}},
+  {0x16ea0, {1|F|D, {0x16ebb}}},
+  {0x16ea1, {1|F|D, {0x16ebc}}},
+  {0x16ea2, {1|F|D, {0x16ebd}}},
+  {0x16ea3, {1|F|D, {0x16ebe}}},
+  {0x16ea4, {1|F|D, {0x16ebf}}},
+  {0x16ea5, {1|F|D, {0x16ec0}}},
+  {0x16ea6, {1|F|D, {0x16ec1}}},
+  {0x16ea7, {1|F|D, {0x16ec2}}},
+  {0x16ea8, {1|F|D, {0x16ec3}}},
+  {0x16ea9, {1|F|D, {0x16ec4}}},
+  {0x16eaa, {1|F|D, {0x16ec5}}},
+  {0x16eab, {1|F|D, {0x16ec6}}},
+  {0x16eac, {1|F|D, {0x16ec7}}},
+  {0x16ead, {1|F|D, {0x16ec8}}},
+  {0x16eae, {1|F|D, {0x16ec9}}},
+  {0x16eaf, {1|F|D, {0x16eca}}},
+  {0x16eb0, {1|F|D, {0x16ecb}}},
+  {0x16eb1, {1|F|D, {0x16ecc}}},
+  {0x16eb2, {1|F|D, {0x16ecd}}},
+  {0x16eb3, {1|F|D, {0x16ece}}},
+  {0x16eb4, {1|F|D, {0x16ecf}}},
+  {0x16eb5, {1|F|D, {0x16ed0}}},
+  {0x16eb6, {1|F|D, {0x16ed1}}},
+  {0x16eb7, {1|F|D, {0x16ed2}}},
+  {0x16eb8, {1|F|D, {0x16ed3}}},
+  {0x1e900, {1|F|D, {0x1e922}}},
+  {0x1e901, {1|F|D, {0x1e923}}},
+  {0x1e902, {1|F|D, {0x1e924}}},
+  {0x1e903, {1|F|D, {0x1e925}}},
+  {0x1e904, {1|F|D, {0x1e926}}},
+  {0x1e905, {1|F|D, {0x1e927}}},
+  {0x1e906, {1|F|D, {0x1e928}}},
+  {0x1e907, {1|F|D, {0x1e929}}},
+  {0x1e908, {1|F|D, {0x1e92a}}},
+  {0x1e909, {1|F|D, {0x1e92b}}},
+  {0x1e90a, {1|F|D, {0x1e92c}}},
+  {0x1e90b, {1|F|D, {0x1e92d}}},
+  {0x1e90c, {1|F|D, {0x1e92e}}},
+  {0x1e90d, {1|F|D, {0x1e92f}}},
+  {0x1e90e, {1|F|D, {0x1e930}}},
+  {0x1e90f, {1|F|D, {0x1e931}}},
+  {0x1e910, {1|F|D, {0x1e932}}},
+  {0x1e911, {1|F|D, {0x1e933}}},
+  {0x1e912, {1|F|D, {0x1e934}}},
+  {0x1e913, {1|F|D, {0x1e935}}},
+  {0x1e914, {1|F|D, {0x1e936}}},
+  {0x1e915, {1|F|D, {0x1e937}}},
+  {0x1e916, {1|F|D, {0x1e938}}},
+  {0x1e917, {1|F|D, {0x1e939}}},
+  {0x1e918, {1|F|D, {0x1e93a}}},
+  {0x1e919, {1|F|D, {0x1e93b}}},
+  {0x1e91a, {1|F|D, {0x1e93c}}},
+  {0x1e91b, {1|F|D, {0x1e93d}}},
+  {0x1e91c, {1|F|D, {0x1e93e}}},
+  {0x1e91d, {1|F|D, {0x1e93f}}},
+  {0x1e91e, {1|F|D, {0x1e940}}},
+  {0x1e91f, {1|F|D, {0x1e941}}},
+  {0x1e920, {1|F|D, {0x1e942}}},
+  {0x1e921, {1|F|D, {0x1e943}}},
+#define CaseFold_Locale (*(CaseFold_11_Type (*)[2])(CaseFold_11_Table+1583))
+  {0x0049, {1|F|D, {0x0069}}},
+  {0x0130, {2|F|D, {0x0069, 0x0307}}},
+};
+
+/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_lookup -n  */
+
+/* maximum key range = 3756, duplicates = 0 */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
+#endif
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+static unsigned int
+onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash(const OnigCodePoint code)
+{
+  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
+    {
+         2,  107,    6,   43,    1,    5,   70,   14,    5,  396,
+       239,  925, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763,
+      3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763,   45,  404, 3763, 3763, 3763,
+      3763, 3763, 3763,  400, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763,   20,
+      3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763,  472,
+      3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763, 3763,  163, 3763, 3763,
+       311,  310,  445,    3, 3763, 3763,  482,   10, 3763, 3763,
+      3763, 3763, 3763,  604, 3763, 3763,  315,  863,  428,   38,
+      2198,  226,   42,  182,  240,   94, 1542,    7,   12,   24,
+      2250,  764,  872,  684, 2182,  168, 1933,  308, 2170,  153,
+      2106,  108, 1653,  261, 1889,  426, 1851,  484,  470,  506,
+      2234,  286, 1417,  411, 1461,  366, 1436,  352,   60,  667,
+      1357,  551, 1110,  611, 1440,  597,  631,  614, 1630,  691,
+      1762,  821, 1950,  747, 1682,  542, 1752,  740, 1949,  855,
+      1912,  845, 1840, 1230, 1928, 1106, 1572, 1003, 1323, 1223,
+       500, 1203, 1783, 1094, 1602,  957, 1472, 1157, 2059, 1188,
+      2140,  947,  937, 1257, 1395, 1168,  196, 1317,  258, 1246,
+       141, 1587,   38, 1563,    3, 1663,   53, 1371,  178, 1480,
+        41, 1745,   57, 1723,  356, 1698,  122, 1609,   77, 1726,
+        76, 1710,   44, 1740,    2, 1815,  568, 2094,  146, 2214,
+       340, 2126,   73,  408,  101, 1980,  149
+    };
+  return asso_values[bits_of(code, 2)+79] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 1)] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 0)];
+}
+
+static const CodePointList3 *
+onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_lookup(const OnigCodePoint code)
+{
+  enum
+    {
+      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x41,
+      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1e921,
+      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 1585,
+      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
+      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
+      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 7,
+      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 3762
+    };
+
+  static const short wordlist[] =
+    {
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1ff3*/ 856,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x0208*/ 194,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1f88*/ 776,
+      /*0x10408*/ 1284,
+      /*0x0408*/ 305,
+      /*0x0108*/ 61,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1f89*/ 777,
+      /*0x10409*/ 1285,
+      /*0x0409*/ 306,
+      /*0xab88*/ 1182,
+      /*0x2c08*/ 920,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0388*/ 235,
+      -1,
+      /*0xab89*/ 1183,
+      /*0x2c09*/ 921,
+      /*0x020a*/ 195,
+      /*0x0389*/ 236,
+      /*0x1f8a*/ 778,
+      /*0x1040a*/ 1286,
+      /*0x040a*/ 307,
+      /*0x010a*/ 62,
+      /*0x2c88*/ 979,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xab8a*/ 1184,
+      /*0x2c0a*/ 922,
+      -1,
+      /*0x038a*/ 237,
+      /*0x0200*/ 190,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1f80*/ 768,
+      /*0x10400*/ 1276,
+      /*0x0400*/ 297,
+      /*0x0100*/ 57,
+      /*0x1f83*/ 771,
+      /*0x10403*/ 1279,
+      /*0x0403*/ 300,
+      /*0x2c8a*/ 980,
+      /*0xab80*/ 1174,
+      /*0x2c00*/ 912,
+      /*0x10c88*/ 1395,
+      /*0x2183*/ 885,
+      /*0xab83*/ 1177,
+      /*0x2c03*/ 915,
+      /*0x0189*/ 126,
+      /*0x10c89*/ 1396,
+      -1,
+      /*0x03f1*/ 288,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1fe7*/ 849,
+      /*0x1e908*/ 1557,
+      /*0x2c80*/ 975,
+      /*0x1fa7*/ 807,
+      /*0x10427*/ 1315,
+      /*0x0427*/ 336,
+      /*0x1e909*/ 1558,
+      /*0x018a*/ 127,
+      /*0x10c8a*/ 1397,
+      /*0x2c67*/ 964,
+      -1,
+      /*0xaba7*/ 1213,
+      /*0x2c27*/ 951,
+      -1,
+      /*0x03a7*/ 263,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1ffb*/ 863,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1e90a*/ 1559,
+      /*0x017b*/ 118,
+      /*0xa780*/ 1107,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10c80*/ 1387,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10c83*/ 1390,
+      /*0x01f1*/ 181,
+      /*0x2c6f*/ 969,
+      /*0x2c6d*/ 967,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e900*/ 1549,
+      /*0x13fb*/ 527,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0206*/ 193,
+      /*0x1e903*/ 1552,
+      /*0x1f86*/ 774,
+      /*0x10406*/ 1282,
+      /*0x0406*/ 303,
+      /*0x0106*/ 60,
+      /*0x2ced*/ 1026,
+      -1,
+      /*0x01a7*/ 145,
+      /*0x10ca7*/ 1426,
+      /*0xab86*/ 1180,
+      /*0x2c06*/ 918,
+      /*0x017d*/ 119,
+      /*0x0386*/ 234,
+      /*0x0216*/ 201,
+      /*0x00df*/ 56,
+      /*0x1f96*/ 790,
+      /*0x10416*/ 1298,
+      /*0x0416*/ 319,
+      /*0x0116*/ 68,
+      /*0x03fd*/ 294,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c86*/ 978,
+      /*0xab96*/ 1196,
+      /*0x2c16*/ 934,
+      /*0x13fd*/ 529,
+      /*0x0396*/ 247,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x1feb*/ 853,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c96*/ 986,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c6b*/ 966,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa786*/ 1110,
+      /*0x0186*/ 124,
+      /*0x10c86*/ 1393,
+      /*0xfb00*/ 1238,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xfb03*/ 1241,
+      /*0x1fdb*/ 844,
+      /*0x00dd*/ 54,
+      /*0x2ceb*/ 1025,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1e906*/ 1555,
+      /*0x1ff7*/ 859,
+      /*0xa796*/ 1115,
+      /*0x0196*/ 135,
+      /*0x10c96*/ 1409,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0214*/ 200,
+      /*0x017f*/ 120,
+      /*0x1f94*/ 788,
+      /*0x10414*/ 1296,
+      /*0x0414*/ 317,
+      /*0x0114*/ 67,
+      /*0x03f7*/ 291,
+      /*0x2c7f*/ 974,
+      /*0x1e916*/ 1571,
+      /*0x03ff*/ 296,
+      /*0xab94*/ 1194,
+      /*0x2c14*/ 932,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0394*/ 245,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0210*/ 198,
+      /*0x1c88*/ 538,
+      /*0x1f90*/ 784,
+      /*0x10410*/ 1292,
+      /*0x0410*/ 313,
+      /*0x0110*/ 65,
+      /*0x1c89*/ 539,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c94*/ 985,
+      -1,
+      /*0xab90*/ 1190,
+      /*0x2c10*/ 928,
+      /*0x1fe3*/ 846,
+      /*0x0390*/ 241,
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+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e41*/ 1493,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10591*/ 1383,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e4f*/ 1507,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e51*/ 1509,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x10595*/ 1386,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1058f*/ 1381,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10581*/ 1368,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xab70*/ 1158,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xab72*/ 1160,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0xab74*/ 1162,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0xab7e*/ 1172,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xab76*/ 1164,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xab7a*/ 1168,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xab78*/ 1166
+    };
+
+  if (code <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && code >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
+    {
+      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseFold_11_hash(code);
+
+      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
+        {
+          register short s = wordlist[key];
+
+          if (s >= 0 && code1_equal(code, CaseFold_11_Table[s].from))
+            return &CaseFold_11_Table[s].to;
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static const CaseUnfold_11_Type CaseUnfold_11_Table[] = {
+#define CaseUnfold_11 (*(CaseUnfold_11_Type (*)[1450])(CaseUnfold_11_Table+0))
+  {0x0061, {1|U, {0x0041}}},
+  {0x0062, {1|U, {0x0042}}},
+  {0x0063, {1|U, {0x0043}}},
+  {0x0064, {1|U, {0x0044}}},
+  {0x0065, {1|U, {0x0045}}},
+  {0x0066, {1|U, {0x0046}}},
+  {0x0067, {1|U, {0x0047}}},
+  {0x0068, {1|U, {0x0048}}},
+  {0x006a, {1|U, {0x004a}}},
+  {0x006b, {2|U, {0x004b, 0x212a}}},
+  {0x006c, {1|U, {0x004c}}},
+  {0x006d, {1|U, {0x004d}}},
+  {0x006e, {1|U, {0x004e}}},
+  {0x006f, {1|U, {0x004f}}},
+  {0x0070, {1|U, {0x0050}}},
+  {0x0071, {1|U, {0x0051}}},
+  {0x0072, {1|U, {0x0052}}},
+  {0x0073, {2|U, {0x0053, 0x017f}}},
+  {0x0074, {1|U, {0x0054}}},
+  {0x0075, {1|U, {0x0055}}},
+  {0x0076, {1|U, {0x0056}}},
+  {0x0077, {1|U, {0x0057}}},
+  {0x0078, {1|U, {0x0058}}},
+  {0x0079, {1|U, {0x0059}}},
+  {0x007a, {1|U, {0x005a}}},
+  {0x00e0, {1|U, {0x00c0}}},
+  {0x00e1, {1|U, {0x00c1}}},
+  {0x00e2, {1|U, {0x00c2}}},
+  {0x00e3, {1|U, {0x00c3}}},
+  {0x00e4, {1|U, {0x00c4}}},
+  {0x00e5, {2|U, {0x00c5, 0x212b}}},
+  {0x00e6, {1|U, {0x00c6}}},
+  {0x00e7, {1|U, {0x00c7}}},
+  {0x00e8, {1|U, {0x00c8}}},
+  {0x00e9, {1|U, {0x00c9}}},
+  {0x00ea, {1|U, {0x00ca}}},
+  {0x00eb, {1|U, {0x00cb}}},
+  {0x00ec, {1|U, {0x00cc}}},
+  {0x00ed, {1|U, {0x00cd}}},
+  {0x00ee, {1|U, {0x00ce}}},
+  {0x00ef, {1|U, {0x00cf}}},
+  {0x00f0, {1|U, {0x00d0}}},
+  {0x00f1, {1|U, {0x00d1}}},
+  {0x00f2, {1|U, {0x00d2}}},
+  {0x00f3, {1|U, {0x00d3}}},
+  {0x00f4, {1|U, {0x00d4}}},
+  {0x00f5, {1|U, {0x00d5}}},
+  {0x00f6, {1|U, {0x00d6}}},
+  {0x00f8, {1|U, {0x00d8}}},
+  {0x00f9, {1|U, {0x00d9}}},
+  {0x00fa, {1|U, {0x00da}}},
+  {0x00fb, {1|U, {0x00db}}},
+  {0x00fc, {1|U, {0x00dc}}},
+  {0x00fd, {1|U, {0x00dd}}},
+  {0x00fe, {1|U, {0x00de}}},
+  {0x00ff, {1|U, {0x0178}}},
+  {0x0101, {1|U, {0x0100}}},
+  {0x0103, {1|U, {0x0102}}},
+  {0x0105, {1|U, {0x0104}}},
+  {0x0107, {1|U, {0x0106}}},
+  {0x0109, {1|U, {0x0108}}},
+  {0x010b, {1|U, {0x010a}}},
+  {0x010d, {1|U, {0x010c}}},
+  {0x010f, {1|U, {0x010e}}},
+  {0x0111, {1|U, {0x0110}}},
+  {0x0113, {1|U, {0x0112}}},
+  {0x0115, {1|U, {0x0114}}},
+  {0x0117, {1|U, {0x0116}}},
+  {0x0119, {1|U, {0x0118}}},
+  {0x011b, {1|U, {0x011a}}},
+  {0x011d, {1|U, {0x011c}}},
+  {0x011f, {1|U, {0x011e}}},
+  {0x0121, {1|U, {0x0120}}},
+  {0x0123, {1|U, {0x0122}}},
+  {0x0125, {1|U, {0x0124}}},
+  {0x0127, {1|U, {0x0126}}},
+  {0x0129, {1|U, {0x0128}}},
+  {0x012b, {1|U, {0x012a}}},
+  {0x012d, {1|U, {0x012c}}},
+  {0x012f, {1|U, {0x012e}}},
+  {0x0133, {1|U, {0x0132}}},
+  {0x0135, {1|U, {0x0134}}},
+  {0x0137, {1|U, {0x0136}}},
+  {0x013a, {1|U, {0x0139}}},
+  {0x013c, {1|U, {0x013b}}},
+  {0x013e, {1|U, {0x013d}}},
+  {0x0140, {1|U, {0x013f}}},
+  {0x0142, {1|U, {0x0141}}},
+  {0x0144, {1|U, {0x0143}}},
+  {0x0146, {1|U, {0x0145}}},
+  {0x0148, {1|U, {0x0147}}},
+  {0x014b, {1|U, {0x014a}}},
+  {0x014d, {1|U, {0x014c}}},
+  {0x014f, {1|U, {0x014e}}},
+  {0x0151, {1|U, {0x0150}}},
+  {0x0153, {1|U, {0x0152}}},
+  {0x0155, {1|U, {0x0154}}},
+  {0x0157, {1|U, {0x0156}}},
+  {0x0159, {1|U, {0x0158}}},
+  {0x015b, {1|U, {0x015a}}},
+  {0x015d, {1|U, {0x015c}}},
+  {0x015f, {1|U, {0x015e}}},
+  {0x0161, {1|U, {0x0160}}},
+  {0x0163, {1|U, {0x0162}}},
+  {0x0165, {1|U, {0x0164}}},
+  {0x0167, {1|U, {0x0166}}},
+  {0x0169, {1|U, {0x0168}}},
+  {0x016b, {1|U, {0x016a}}},
+  {0x016d, {1|U, {0x016c}}},
+  {0x016f, {1|U, {0x016e}}},
+  {0x0171, {1|U, {0x0170}}},
+  {0x0173, {1|U, {0x0172}}},
+  {0x0175, {1|U, {0x0174}}},
+  {0x0177, {1|U, {0x0176}}},
+  {0x017a, {1|U, {0x0179}}},
+  {0x017c, {1|U, {0x017b}}},
+  {0x017e, {1|U, {0x017d}}},
+  {0x0180, {1|U, {0x0243}}},
+  {0x0183, {1|U, {0x0182}}},
+  {0x0185, {1|U, {0x0184}}},
+  {0x0188, {1|U, {0x0187}}},
+  {0x018c, {1|U, {0x018b}}},
+  {0x0192, {1|U, {0x0191}}},
+  {0x0195, {1|U, {0x01f6}}},
+  {0x0199, {1|U, {0x0198}}},
+  {0x019a, {1|U, {0x023d}}},
+  {0x019b, {1|U, {0xa7dc}}},
+  {0x019e, {1|U, {0x0220}}},
+  {0x01a1, {1|U, {0x01a0}}},
+  {0x01a3, {1|U, {0x01a2}}},
+  {0x01a5, {1|U, {0x01a4}}},
+  {0x01a8, {1|U, {0x01a7}}},
+  {0x01ad, {1|U, {0x01ac}}},
+  {0x01b0, {1|U, {0x01af}}},
+  {0x01b4, {1|U, {0x01b3}}},
+  {0x01b6, {1|U, {0x01b5}}},
+  {0x01b9, {1|U, {0x01b8}}},
+  {0x01bd, {1|U, {0x01bc}}},
+  {0x01bf, {1|U, {0x01f7}}},
+  {0x01c6, {2|U|ST, {0x01c4, 0x01c5}}},
+  {0x01c9, {2|U|ST, {0x01c7, 0x01c8}}},
+  {0x01cc, {2|U|ST, {0x01ca, 0x01cb}}},
+  {0x01ce, {1|U, {0x01cd}}},
+  {0x01d0, {1|U, {0x01cf}}},
+  {0x01d2, {1|U, {0x01d1}}},
+  {0x01d4, {1|U, {0x01d3}}},
+  {0x01d6, {1|U, {0x01d5}}},
+  {0x01d8, {1|U, {0x01d7}}},
+  {0x01da, {1|U, {0x01d9}}},
+  {0x01dc, {1|U, {0x01db}}},
+  {0x01dd, {1|U, {0x018e}}},
+  {0x01df, {1|U, {0x01de}}},
+  {0x01e1, {1|U, {0x01e0}}},
+  {0x01e3, {1|U, {0x01e2}}},
+  {0x01e5, {1|U, {0x01e4}}},
+  {0x01e7, {1|U, {0x01e6}}},
+  {0x01e9, {1|U, {0x01e8}}},
+  {0x01eb, {1|U, {0x01ea}}},
+  {0x01ed, {1|U, {0x01ec}}},
+  {0x01ef, {1|U, {0x01ee}}},
+  {0x01f3, {2|U|ST, {0x01f1, 0x01f2}}},
+  {0x01f5, {1|U, {0x01f4}}},
+  {0x01f9, {1|U, {0x01f8}}},
+  {0x01fb, {1|U, {0x01fa}}},
+  {0x01fd, {1|U, {0x01fc}}},
+  {0x01ff, {1|U, {0x01fe}}},
+  {0x0201, {1|U, {0x0200}}},
+  {0x0203, {1|U, {0x0202}}},
+  {0x0205, {1|U, {0x0204}}},
+  {0x0207, {1|U, {0x0206}}},
+  {0x0209, {1|U, {0x0208}}},
+  {0x020b, {1|U, {0x020a}}},
+  {0x020d, {1|U, {0x020c}}},
+  {0x020f, {1|U, {0x020e}}},
+  {0x0211, {1|U, {0x0210}}},
+  {0x0213, {1|U, {0x0212}}},
+  {0x0215, {1|U, {0x0214}}},
+  {0x0217, {1|U, {0x0216}}},
+  {0x0219, {1|U, {0x0218}}},
+  {0x021b, {1|U, {0x021a}}},
+  {0x021d, {1|U, {0x021c}}},
+  {0x021f, {1|U, {0x021e}}},
+  {0x0223, {1|U, {0x0222}}},
+  {0x0225, {1|U, {0x0224}}},
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+  {0x10cd6, {1|U, {0x10c96}}},
+  {0x10cd7, {1|U, {0x10c97}}},
+  {0x10cd8, {1|U, {0x10c98}}},
+  {0x10cd9, {1|U, {0x10c99}}},
+  {0x10cda, {1|U, {0x10c9a}}},
+  {0x10cdb, {1|U, {0x10c9b}}},
+  {0x10cdc, {1|U, {0x10c9c}}},
+  {0x10cdd, {1|U, {0x10c9d}}},
+  {0x10cde, {1|U, {0x10c9e}}},
+  {0x10cdf, {1|U, {0x10c9f}}},
+  {0x10ce0, {1|U, {0x10ca0}}},
+  {0x10ce1, {1|U, {0x10ca1}}},
+  {0x10ce2, {1|U, {0x10ca2}}},
+  {0x10ce3, {1|U, {0x10ca3}}},
+  {0x10ce4, {1|U, {0x10ca4}}},
+  {0x10ce5, {1|U, {0x10ca5}}},
+  {0x10ce6, {1|U, {0x10ca6}}},
+  {0x10ce7, {1|U, {0x10ca7}}},
+  {0x10ce8, {1|U, {0x10ca8}}},
+  {0x10ce9, {1|U, {0x10ca9}}},
+  {0x10cea, {1|U, {0x10caa}}},
+  {0x10ceb, {1|U, {0x10cab}}},
+  {0x10cec, {1|U, {0x10cac}}},
+  {0x10ced, {1|U, {0x10cad}}},
+  {0x10cee, {1|U, {0x10cae}}},
+  {0x10cef, {1|U, {0x10caf}}},
+  {0x10cf0, {1|U, {0x10cb0}}},
+  {0x10cf1, {1|U, {0x10cb1}}},
+  {0x10cf2, {1|U, {0x10cb2}}},
+  {0x10d70, {1|U, {0x10d50}}},
+  {0x10d71, {1|U, {0x10d51}}},
+  {0x10d72, {1|U, {0x10d52}}},
+  {0x10d73, {1|U, {0x10d53}}},
+  {0x10d74, {1|U, {0x10d54}}},
+  {0x10d75, {1|U, {0x10d55}}},
+  {0x10d76, {1|U, {0x10d56}}},
+  {0x10d77, {1|U, {0x10d57}}},
+  {0x10d78, {1|U, {0x10d58}}},
+  {0x10d79, {1|U, {0x10d59}}},
+  {0x10d7a, {1|U, {0x10d5a}}},
+  {0x10d7b, {1|U, {0x10d5b}}},
+  {0x10d7c, {1|U, {0x10d5c}}},
+  {0x10d7d, {1|U, {0x10d5d}}},
+  {0x10d7e, {1|U, {0x10d5e}}},
+  {0x10d7f, {1|U, {0x10d5f}}},
+  {0x10d80, {1|U, {0x10d60}}},
+  {0x10d81, {1|U, {0x10d61}}},
+  {0x10d82, {1|U, {0x10d62}}},
+  {0x10d83, {1|U, {0x10d63}}},
+  {0x10d84, {1|U, {0x10d64}}},
+  {0x10d85, {1|U, {0x10d65}}},
+  {0x118c0, {1|U, {0x118a0}}},
+  {0x118c1, {1|U, {0x118a1}}},
+  {0x118c2, {1|U, {0x118a2}}},
+  {0x118c3, {1|U, {0x118a3}}},
+  {0x118c4, {1|U, {0x118a4}}},
+  {0x118c5, {1|U, {0x118a5}}},
+  {0x118c6, {1|U, {0x118a6}}},
+  {0x118c7, {1|U, {0x118a7}}},
+  {0x118c8, {1|U, {0x118a8}}},
+  {0x118c9, {1|U, {0x118a9}}},
+  {0x118ca, {1|U, {0x118aa}}},
+  {0x118cb, {1|U, {0x118ab}}},
+  {0x118cc, {1|U, {0x118ac}}},
+  {0x118cd, {1|U, {0x118ad}}},
+  {0x118ce, {1|U, {0x118ae}}},
+  {0x118cf, {1|U, {0x118af}}},
+  {0x118d0, {1|U, {0x118b0}}},
+  {0x118d1, {1|U, {0x118b1}}},
+  {0x118d2, {1|U, {0x118b2}}},
+  {0x118d3, {1|U, {0x118b3}}},
+  {0x118d4, {1|U, {0x118b4}}},
+  {0x118d5, {1|U, {0x118b5}}},
+  {0x118d6, {1|U, {0x118b6}}},
+  {0x118d7, {1|U, {0x118b7}}},
+  {0x118d8, {1|U, {0x118b8}}},
+  {0x118d9, {1|U, {0x118b9}}},
+  {0x118da, {1|U, {0x118ba}}},
+  {0x118db, {1|U, {0x118bb}}},
+  {0x118dc, {1|U, {0x118bc}}},
+  {0x118dd, {1|U, {0x118bd}}},
+  {0x118de, {1|U, {0x118be}}},
+  {0x118df, {1|U, {0x118bf}}},
+  {0x16e60, {1|U, {0x16e40}}},
+  {0x16e61, {1|U, {0x16e41}}},
+  {0x16e62, {1|U, {0x16e42}}},
+  {0x16e63, {1|U, {0x16e43}}},
+  {0x16e64, {1|U, {0x16e44}}},
+  {0x16e65, {1|U, {0x16e45}}},
+  {0x16e66, {1|U, {0x16e46}}},
+  {0x16e67, {1|U, {0x16e47}}},
+  {0x16e68, {1|U, {0x16e48}}},
+  {0x16e69, {1|U, {0x16e49}}},
+  {0x16e6a, {1|U, {0x16e4a}}},
+  {0x16e6b, {1|U, {0x16e4b}}},
+  {0x16e6c, {1|U, {0x16e4c}}},
+  {0x16e6d, {1|U, {0x16e4d}}},
+  {0x16e6e, {1|U, {0x16e4e}}},
+  {0x16e6f, {1|U, {0x16e4f}}},
+  {0x16e70, {1|U, {0x16e50}}},
+  {0x16e71, {1|U, {0x16e51}}},
+  {0x16e72, {1|U, {0x16e52}}},
+  {0x16e73, {1|U, {0x16e53}}},
+  {0x16e74, {1|U, {0x16e54}}},
+  {0x16e75, {1|U, {0x16e55}}},
+  {0x16e76, {1|U, {0x16e56}}},
+  {0x16e77, {1|U, {0x16e57}}},
+  {0x16e78, {1|U, {0x16e58}}},
+  {0x16e79, {1|U, {0x16e59}}},
+  {0x16e7a, {1|U, {0x16e5a}}},
+  {0x16e7b, {1|U, {0x16e5b}}},
+  {0x16e7c, {1|U, {0x16e5c}}},
+  {0x16e7d, {1|U, {0x16e5d}}},
+  {0x16e7e, {1|U, {0x16e5e}}},
+  {0x16e7f, {1|U, {0x16e5f}}},
+  {0x16ebb, {1|U, {0x16ea0}}},
+  {0x16ebc, {1|U, {0x16ea1}}},
+  {0x16ebd, {1|U, {0x16ea2}}},
+  {0x16ebe, {1|U, {0x16ea3}}},
+  {0x16ebf, {1|U, {0x16ea4}}},
+  {0x16ec0, {1|U, {0x16ea5}}},
+  {0x16ec1, {1|U, {0x16ea6}}},
+  {0x16ec2, {1|U, {0x16ea7}}},
+  {0x16ec3, {1|U, {0x16ea8}}},
+  {0x16ec4, {1|U, {0x16ea9}}},
+  {0x16ec5, {1|U, {0x16eaa}}},
+  {0x16ec6, {1|U, {0x16eab}}},
+  {0x16ec7, {1|U, {0x16eac}}},
+  {0x16ec8, {1|U, {0x16ead}}},
+  {0x16ec9, {1|U, {0x16eae}}},
+  {0x16eca, {1|U, {0x16eaf}}},
+  {0x16ecb, {1|U, {0x16eb0}}},
+  {0x16ecc, {1|U, {0x16eb1}}},
+  {0x16ecd, {1|U, {0x16eb2}}},
+  {0x16ece, {1|U, {0x16eb3}}},
+  {0x16ecf, {1|U, {0x16eb4}}},
+  {0x16ed0, {1|U, {0x16eb5}}},
+  {0x16ed1, {1|U, {0x16eb6}}},
+  {0x16ed2, {1|U, {0x16eb7}}},
+  {0x16ed3, {1|U, {0x16eb8}}},
+  {0x1e922, {1|U, {0x1e900}}},
+  {0x1e923, {1|U, {0x1e901}}},
+  {0x1e924, {1|U, {0x1e902}}},
+  {0x1e925, {1|U, {0x1e903}}},
+  {0x1e926, {1|U, {0x1e904}}},
+  {0x1e927, {1|U, {0x1e905}}},
+  {0x1e928, {1|U, {0x1e906}}},
+  {0x1e929, {1|U, {0x1e907}}},
+  {0x1e92a, {1|U, {0x1e908}}},
+  {0x1e92b, {1|U, {0x1e909}}},
+  {0x1e92c, {1|U, {0x1e90a}}},
+  {0x1e92d, {1|U, {0x1e90b}}},
+  {0x1e92e, {1|U, {0x1e90c}}},
+  {0x1e92f, {1|U, {0x1e90d}}},
+  {0x1e930, {1|U, {0x1e90e}}},
+  {0x1e931, {1|U, {0x1e90f}}},
+  {0x1e932, {1|U, {0x1e910}}},
+  {0x1e933, {1|U, {0x1e911}}},
+  {0x1e934, {1|U, {0x1e912}}},
+  {0x1e935, {1|U, {0x1e913}}},
+  {0x1e936, {1|U, {0x1e914}}},
+  {0x1e937, {1|U, {0x1e915}}},
+  {0x1e938, {1|U, {0x1e916}}},
+  {0x1e939, {1|U, {0x1e917}}},
+  {0x1e93a, {1|U, {0x1e918}}},
+  {0x1e93b, {1|U, {0x1e919}}},
+  {0x1e93c, {1|U, {0x1e91a}}},
+  {0x1e93d, {1|U, {0x1e91b}}},
+  {0x1e93e, {1|U, {0x1e91c}}},
+  {0x1e93f, {1|U, {0x1e91d}}},
+  {0x1e940, {1|U, {0x1e91e}}},
+  {0x1e941, {1|U, {0x1e91f}}},
+  {0x1e942, {1|U, {0x1e920}}},
+  {0x1e943, {1|U, {0x1e921}}},
+#define CaseUnfold_11_Locale (*(CaseUnfold_11_Type (*)[1])(CaseUnfold_11_Table+1450))
+  {0x0069, {1|U, {0x0049}}},
+};
+
+/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_lookup -n  */
+
+/* maximum key range = 2881, duplicates = 0 */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
+#endif
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+static unsigned int
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash(const OnigCodePoint code)
+{
+  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
+    {
+         1, 2884,    2,   29,    4,  134,    9,  131,   10,  229,
+       121,  246,    2,    3,  540,  359, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884,
+      2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884,  103,
+       401,  111, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884,  127, 2884, 2884,
+      2884, 2884, 2884,    1, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884,
+      2884, 2884, 2884,  339, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884, 2884,
+      2884,   15,    9,    1,    7,    8,  341,  797,   60, 1080,
+       101,  804,   35, 1589,    7, 1841,   17,   16,   58, 1709,
+       216, 1040,   47,  103,   64, 1339,  219, 1539,    4, 1704,
+        52, 1508,  344,   11,  501, 1733,  526,  347,  133, 1161,
+       340,  913,  104,  883,  170,  743,  339, 1103,  398, 1465,
+       376,  829,  138, 1092,  280,  967, 1876,  785, 1694,  774,
+      1640,  721, 1852,  951, 1830,  937, 1573,  925, 1736,  666,
+       897,  502,  693,  475, 1385,  651, 1356,  639, 1184,  532,
+      1532,  520, 1479,  420, 1225,  203, 1248,   82, 1277,  115,
+      1758,  289, 1673,   93, 1686,   71, 1666,   60, 1650,  256,
+      1789,  232, 1552,    1, 1649,   27, 1489,   38, 1247,  144,
+      1445,   49, 1624,  221, 1418,  327, 1769,  312, 1306,  584,
+      1075,  363, 1506,  609, 1405, 1213, 1074, 1065, 1362, 1151,
+      1556,  863,  726, 1429
+    };
+  return asso_values[bits_of(code, 2)+66] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 1)+4] + asso_values[bits_of(code, 0)];
+}
+
+static const CodePointList3 *
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_lookup(const OnigCodePoint code)
+{
+  enum
+    {
+      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x61,
+      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1e943,
+      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 1451,
+      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
+      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 3,
+      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 3,
+      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 2883
+    };
+
+  static const short wordlist[] =
+    {
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x13e1*/ 591,
+      /*0x0461*/ 342,
+      /*0x04e1*/ 402,
+      /*0x0061*/ 0,
+      -1,
+      /*0x104e1*/ 1192,
+      /*0x1e61*/ 664,
+      /*0x1ee1*/ 723,
+      /*0x0161*/ 102,
+      /*0x0261*/ 211,
+      /*0x2ce1*/ 956,
+      -1,
+      /*0x049b*/ 367,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x24e1*/ 843,
+      /*0x1e1b*/ 629,
+      /*0x048b*/ 359,
+      /*0x011b*/ 69,
+      /*0x021b*/ 179,
+      /*0x2c9b*/ 921,
+      /*0x1e0b*/ 621,
+      /*0x1e8b*/ 685,
+      /*0x010b*/ 61,
+      /*0x020b*/ 171,
+      /*0x2c8b*/ 913,
+      /*0x13e3*/ 593,
+      /*0x0463*/ 343,
+      /*0x04e3*/ 403,
+      /*0x0063*/ 2,
+      /*0x1c8a*/ 612,
+      /*0x104e3*/ 1194,
+      /*0x1e63*/ 665,
+      /*0x1ee3*/ 724,
+      /*0x0163*/ 103,
+      /*0x0263*/ 212,
+      /*0x2ce3*/ 957,
+      /*0x13e5*/ 595,
+      /*0x0465*/ 344,
+      /*0x04e5*/ 404,
+      /*0x0065*/ 4,
+      /*0x24e3*/ 845,
+      /*0x104e5*/ 1196,
+      /*0x1e65*/ 666,
+      /*0x1ee5*/ 725,
+      /*0x0165*/ 104,
+      /*0x0265*/ 214,
+      /*0xa761*/ 1068,
+      /*0x13e9*/ 599,
+      /*0x0469*/ 346,
+      /*0x04e9*/ 406,
+      /*0x0069*/ 1450,
+      /*0x24e5*/ 847,
+      /*0x104e9*/ 1200,
+      /*0x1e69*/ 668,
+      /*0x1ee9*/ 727,
+      /*0x0169*/ 106,
+      /*0x0269*/ 217,
+      -1,
+      /*0x13db*/ 585,
+      /*0x045b*/ 337,
+      /*0x04db*/ 399,
+      -1,
+      /*0x24e9*/ 851,
+      /*0x104db*/ 1186,
+      /*0x1e5b*/ 661,
+      /*0x1edb*/ 720,
+      /*0x015b*/ 99,
+      /*0x025b*/ 208,
+      /*0x2cdb*/ 953,
+      /*0x13d9*/ 583,
+      /*0x0459*/ 335,
+      /*0x04d9*/ 398,
+      /*0xa763*/ 1069,
+      /*0x24db*/ 837,
+      /*0x104d9*/ 1184,
+      /*0x1e59*/ 660,
+      /*0x1ed9*/ 719,
+      /*0x0159*/ 98,
+      /*0x0259*/ 207,
+      /*0x2cd9*/ 952,
+      /*0x13d1*/ 575,
+      /*0x0451*/ 327,
+      /*0x04d1*/ 394,
+      /*0xa765*/ 1070,
+      /*0x24d9*/ 835,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1e51*/ 656,
+      /*0x1ed1*/ 715,
+      /*0x0151*/ 94,
+      /*0x0251*/ 201,
+      /*0x2cd1*/ 948,
+      /*0x13d7*/ 581,
+      /*0x0457*/ 333,
+      /*0x04d7*/ 397,
+      /*0xa769*/ 1072,
+      /*0x24d1*/ 827,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1e57*/ 659,
+      /*0x1ed7*/ 718,
+      /*0x0157*/ 97,
+      /*0x0257*/ 206,
+      /*0x2cd7*/ 951,
+      /*0x13a4*/ 530,
+      /*0x0491*/ 362,
+      /*0x10ce1*/ 1287,
+      /*0xa75b*/ 1065,
+      /*0x24d7*/ 833,
+      /*0x1e11*/ 624,
+      /*0x1e91*/ 688,
+      /*0x0111*/ 64,
+      /*0x0211*/ 174,
+      /*0x2c91*/ 916,
+      /*0xa79b*/ 1089,
+      /*0x13d3*/ 577,
+      /*0x0453*/ 329,
+      /*0x04d3*/ 395,
+      /*0xa759*/ 1064,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e53*/ 657,
+      /*0x1ed3*/ 716,
+      /*0x0153*/ 95,
+      /*0x0253*/ 203,
+      /*0x2cd3*/ 949,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10e1*/ 497,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa751*/ 1060,
+      /*0x24d3*/ 829,
+      /*0x01e1*/ 152,
+      /*0x10ce3*/ 1289,
+      /*0x13a0*/ 526,
+      /*0x00e1*/ 26,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x0188*/ 120,
+      /*0x13ae*/ 540,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa757*/ 1063,
+      /*0x019b*/ 126,
+      /*0x1042e*/ 1149,
+      /*0x10ce5*/ 1291,
+      /*0x13e7*/ 597,
+      /*0x0467*/ 345,
+      /*0x04e7*/ 405,
+      /*0x0067*/ 6,
+      -1,
+      /*0x104e7*/ 1198,
+      /*0x1e67*/ 667,
+      /*0x1ee7*/ 726,
+      /*0x0167*/ 105,
+      /*0x10e3*/ 499,
+      /*0x10ce9*/ 1295,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x01e3*/ 153,
+      -1,
+      /*0x24e7*/ 849,
+      /*0x00e3*/ 28,
+      /*0xa78c*/ 1083,
+      /*0xa753*/ 1061,
+      /*0xa7db*/ 1114,
+      /*0x10e5*/ 501,
+      /*0x10cdb*/ 1281,
+      -1,
+      /*0xab53*/ 1116,
+      /*0x01e5*/ 154,
+      -1,
+      /*0x13a6*/ 532,
+      /*0x00e5*/ 30,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10d82*/ 1323,
+      /*0xa7d9*/ 1113,
+      /*0x10e9*/ 505,
+      /*0x10cd9*/ 1279,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x01e9*/ 156,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x00e9*/ 34,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0xa7d1*/ 1109,
+      /*0x10db*/ 491,
+      /*0x10cd1*/ 1271,
+      /*0x018c*/ 121,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0xa767*/ 1071,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x0192*/ 122,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa7d7*/ 1112,
+      /*0x10d9*/ 489,
+      /*0x10cd7*/ 1277,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x13cf*/ 573,
+      /*0x044f*/ 325,
+      /*0x04cf*/ 393,
+      /*0xa791*/ 1084,
+      /*0x1044f*/ 1182,
+      /*0x10d1*/ 481,
+      /*0x1e4f*/ 655,
+      /*0x1ecf*/ 714,
+      /*0x014f*/ 93,
+      /*0x024f*/ 199,
+      /*0x2ccf*/ 947,
+      /*0x10d84*/ 1325,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1d8e*/ 615,
+      /*0xa661*/ 1017,
+      /*0xa7d3*/ 1110,
+      /*0x10d7*/ 487,
+      /*0x10cd3*/ 1273,
+      /*0x13eb*/ 601,
+      /*0x046b*/ 347,
+      /*0x04eb*/ 407,
+      /*0x006b*/ 9,
+      -1,
+      /*0x104eb*/ 1202,
+      /*0x1e6b*/ 669,
+      /*0x1eeb*/ 728,
+      /*0x016b*/ 107,
+      /*0x026b*/ 219,
+      -1,
+      /*0x13df*/ 589,
+      /*0x045f*/ 341,
+      /*0x04df*/ 401,
+      /*0x0288*/ 230,
+      -1,
+      /*0x104df*/ 1190,
+      /*0x1e5f*/ 663,
+      /*0x1edf*/ 722,
+      /*0x015f*/ 101,
+      /*0x10d3*/ 483,
+      /*0x2cdf*/ 955,
+      /*0xa663*/ 1018,
+      /*0x028b*/ 233,
+      /*0x028a*/ 232,
+      /*0x03e1*/ 282,
+      /*0x24df*/ 841,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10ce7*/ 1293,
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+      /*0x1f76*/ 793,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c76*/ 907,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10ea*/ 506,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0577*/ 464,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10ce2*/ 1288,
+      /*0x10cdc*/ 1282,
+      /*0x16ed2*/ 1414,
+      /*0x00ea*/ 35,
+      /*0x13d4*/ 578,
+      /*0x0454*/ 330,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c6c*/ 905,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1fb1*/ 802,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10d7a*/ 1315,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0254*/ 204,
+      -1,
+      /*0x13ee*/ 604,
+      /*0x01b6*/ 135,
+      /*0x10cda*/ 1280,
+      /*0x006e*/ 12,
+      /*0x24d4*/ 830,
+      /*0x104ee*/ 1205,
+      /*0x10e2*/ 498,
+      /*0x10dc*/ 492,
+      /*0x03ca*/ 272,
+      /*0x10cd6*/ 1276,
+      /*0x2cee*/ 959,
+      /*0x01dc*/ 149,
+      -1,
+      /*0x00e2*/ 27,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0566*/ 447,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c68*/ 903,
+      /*0x13de*/ 588,
+      /*0x045e*/ 340,
+      /*0x10cd8*/ 1278,
+      /*0x10da*/ 490,
+      -1,
+      /*0x104de*/ 1189,
+      -1,
+      /*0x01da*/ 148,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x10d6*/ 486,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x01d6*/ 146,
+      /*0x24de*/ 840,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0xa797*/ 1087,
+      /*0x10d76*/ 1311,
+      /*0x16e7b*/ 1386,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x10d8*/ 488,
+      /*0x1e92b*/ 1425,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x01d8*/ 147,
+      /*0x0287*/ 229,
+      /*0x03bc*/ 259,
+      -1,
+      /*0x118cc*/ 1339,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c4c*/ 880,
+      -1,
+      /*0x01b4*/ 134,
+      -1,
+      /*0x105ab*/ 1238,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x1f64*/ 783,
+      /*0x13ba*/ 552,
+      /*0x043a*/ 304,
+      /*0x10d7f*/ 1320,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1043a*/ 1161,
+      /*0x16ec6*/ 1402,
+      /*0xa79d*/ 1090,
+      /*0xa681*/ 1024,
+      /*0x013a*/ 83,
+      /*0x2d13*/ 980,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa685*/ 1026,
+      /*0x0570*/ 457,
+      /*0x1f74*/ 791,
+      /*0x1e09*/ 620,
+      /*0x1e89*/ 684,
+      /*0x0109*/ 60,
+      /*0x0209*/ 170,
+      /*0x2c89*/ 912,
+      /*0x13b8*/ 550,
+      /*0x0438*/ 302,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x10438*/ 1159,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10cd4*/ 1274,
+      /*0x16ec4*/ 1400,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10599*/ 1221,
+      -1,
+      /*0x16e77*/ 1382,
+      -1,
+      /*0x118ca*/ 1337,
+      /*0x10cee*/ 1300,
+      /*0x2c4a*/ 878,
+      /*0x13b2*/ 544,
+      /*0x0432*/ 296,
+      /*0x0513*/ 427,
+      /*0x1f15*/ 752,
+      /*0x10432*/ 1153,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10d4*/ 484,
+      /*0x03b6*/ 253,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x01d4*/ 145,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1f60*/ 779,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10cde*/ 1284,
+      /*0x10ee*/ 510,
+      /*0x1f7c*/ 799,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x057a*/ 467,
+      /*0x00ee*/ 39,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e66*/ 1365,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10d74*/ 1309,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x10de*/ 494,
+      /*0x2c3c*/ 864,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e93c*/ 1442,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1f07*/ 746,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x105bc*/ 1253,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x03b4*/ 251,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0576*/ 463,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x056c*/ 453,
+      /*0x16ecc*/ 1408,
+      /*0x10d7c*/ 1317,
+      -1,
+      /*0x029d*/ 236,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e70*/ 1375,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c6a*/ 904,
+      /*0x057f*/ 472,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1f36*/ 767,
+      /*0x03be*/ 261,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c36*/ 858,
+      /*0x0568*/ 449,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e936*/ 1436,
+      /*0x1f62*/ 781,
+      -1,
+      /*0x118dc*/ 1355,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c5c*/ 896,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x105b6*/ 1248,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x052b*/ 439,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x118da*/ 1353,
+      /*0x2d19*/ 986,
+      /*0x2c5a*/ 894,
+      -1,
+      /*0x16eca*/ 1406,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x118d6*/ 1349,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c56*/ 890,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e7a*/ 1385,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x118d8*/ 1351,
+      /*0x0564*/ 445,
+      /*0x2c58*/ 892,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1f34*/ 765,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c34*/ 856,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2d15*/ 982,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e934*/ 1434,
+      -1,
+      /*0x1fd0*/ 803,
+      /*0x0574*/ 461,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0519*/ 430,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16ebc*/ 1392,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x105b4*/ 1246,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x16e76*/ 1381,
+      -1,
+      /*0x10597*/ 1219,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0289*/ 231,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x03ba*/ 257,
+      /*0x16e6c*/ 1371,
+      -1,
+      /*0x0515*/ 428,
+      /*0x2c3e*/ 866,
+      /*0xa68f*/ 1031,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e93e*/ 1444,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e7f*/ 1390,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2d07*/ 968,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1059d*/ 1225,
+      /*0x057c*/ 469,
+      -1,
+      /*0x03b8*/ 255,
+      -1,
+      /*0x118d4*/ 1347,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c54*/ 888,
+      -1,
+      /*0x16e68*/ 1367,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff48*/ 1124,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa683*/ 1025,
+      /*0x03b2*/ 249,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0507*/ 421,
+      -1,
+      /*0x118de*/ 1357,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2c5e*/ 898,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e64*/ 1363,
+      -1,
+      /*0xff4e*/ 1130,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x056a*/ 451,
+      /*0x16e74*/ 1379,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xff50*/ 1132,
+      /*0x2c3a*/ 862,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e93a*/ 1440,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0562*/ 443,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c38*/ 860,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e938*/ 1438,
+      /*0xff52*/ 1134,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2d17*/ 984,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x2d0d*/ 974,
+      /*0x16e60*/ 1359,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x105b8*/ 1250,
+      /*0x16e7c*/ 1387,
+      /*0x16ebe*/ 1394,
+      /*0x1f32*/ 763,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2c32*/ 854,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1e932*/ 1432,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1,
+      /*0x2d1d*/ 990,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0517*/ 429,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x050d*/ 424,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x051d*/ 432,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xff46*/ 1122,
+      -1,
+      /*0x16e6a*/ 1369,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e62*/ 1361,
+      /*0x056e*/ 455,
+      /*0xff44*/ 1120,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0x2d09*/ 970,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1fe0*/ 805,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa693*/ 1033,
+      /*0x0509*/ 422,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff4c*/ 1128,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x16e6e*/ 1373,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff4a*/ 1126,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa699*/ 1036,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa695*/ 1034,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff5a*/ 1142,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff56*/ 1138,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff58*/ 1140,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa687*/ 1027,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xff54*/ 1136,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1,
+      /*0xa697*/ 1035,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa68d*/ 1030,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0xa689*/ 1028
+    };
+
+  if (code <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && code >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
+    {
+      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_11_hash(code);
+
+      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
+        {
+          register short s = wordlist[key];
+
+          if (s >= 0 && code1_equal(code, CaseUnfold_11_Table[s].from))
+            return &CaseUnfold_11_Table[s].to;
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static const CaseUnfold_12_Type CaseUnfold_12_Table[] = {
+#define CaseUnfold_12 (*(CaseUnfold_12_Type (*)[58])(CaseUnfold_12_Table+0))
+  {{0x0061, 0x02be}, {1, {0x1e9a}}},
+  {{0x0066, 0x0066}, {1, {0xfb00}}},
+  {{0x0066, 0x0069}, {1, {0xfb01}}},
+  {{0x0066, 0x006c}, {1, {0xfb02}}},
+  {{0x0068, 0x0331}, {1, {0x1e96}}},
+  {{0x006a, 0x030c}, {1, {0x01f0}}},
+  {{0x0073, 0x0073}, {2, {0x00df, 0x1e9e}}},
+  {{0x0073, 0x0074}, {2, {0xfb05, 0xfb06}}},
+  {{0x0074, 0x0308}, {1, {0x1e97}}},
+  {{0x0077, 0x030a}, {1, {0x1e98}}},
+  {{0x0079, 0x030a}, {1, {0x1e99}}},
+  {{0x02bc, 0x006e}, {1, {0x0149}}},
+  {{0x03ac, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb4}}},
+  {{0x03ae, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc4}}},
+  {{0x03b1, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fb6}}},
+  {{0x03b1, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fb3, 0x1fbc}}},
+  {{0x03b7, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fc6}}},
+  {{0x03b7, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fc3, 0x1fcc}}},
+  {{0x03b9, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fd6}}},
+  {{0x03c1, 0x0313}, {1, {0x1fe4}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0313}, {1, {0x1f50}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fe6}}},
+  {{0x03c9, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1ff6}}},
+  {{0x03c9, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1ff3, 0x1ffc}}},
+  {{0x03ce, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff4}}},
+  {{0x0565, 0x0582}, {1, {0x0587}}},
+  {{0x0574, 0x0565}, {1, {0xfb14}}},
+  {{0x0574, 0x056b}, {1, {0xfb15}}},
+  {{0x0574, 0x056d}, {1, {0xfb17}}},
+  {{0x0574, 0x0576}, {1, {0xfb13}}},
+  {{0x057e, 0x0576}, {1, {0xfb16}}},
+  {{0x1f00, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f80, 0x1f88}}},
+  {{0x1f01, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f81, 0x1f89}}},
+  {{0x1f02, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f82, 0x1f8a}}},
+  {{0x1f03, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f83, 0x1f8b}}},
+  {{0x1f04, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f84, 0x1f8c}}},
+  {{0x1f05, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f85, 0x1f8d}}},
+  {{0x1f06, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f86, 0x1f8e}}},
+  {{0x1f07, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f87, 0x1f8f}}},
+  {{0x1f20, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f90, 0x1f98}}},
+  {{0x1f21, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f91, 0x1f99}}},
+  {{0x1f22, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f92, 0x1f9a}}},
+  {{0x1f23, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f93, 0x1f9b}}},
+  {{0x1f24, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f94, 0x1f9c}}},
+  {{0x1f25, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f95, 0x1f9d}}},
+  {{0x1f26, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f96, 0x1f9e}}},
+  {{0x1f27, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1f97, 0x1f9f}}},
+  {{0x1f60, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa0, 0x1fa8}}},
+  {{0x1f61, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa1, 0x1fa9}}},
+  {{0x1f62, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa2, 0x1faa}}},
+  {{0x1f63, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa3, 0x1fab}}},
+  {{0x1f64, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa4, 0x1fac}}},
+  {{0x1f65, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa5, 0x1fad}}},
+  {{0x1f66, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa6, 0x1fae}}},
+  {{0x1f67, 0x03b9}, {2, {0x1fa7, 0x1faf}}},
+  {{0x1f70, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb2}}},
+  {{0x1f74, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc2}}},
+  {{0x1f7c, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff2}}},
+#define CaseUnfold_12_Locale (*(CaseUnfold_12_Type (*)[1])(CaseUnfold_12_Table+58))
+  {{0x0069, 0x0307}, {1, {0x0130}}},
+};
+
+/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3,4,5,6 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_lookup -n  */
+
+/* maximum key range = 71, duplicates = 0 */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
+#endif
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+static unsigned int
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
+{
+  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
+    {
+       3, 58, 54, 57, 56, 16,  8,  2, 43, 82,
+       3,  1, 23, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,  4,
+      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,
+      82, 82, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45,
+      82, 82, 82, 82, 43, 82, 42, 82, 82, 13,
+      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 11, 82,  1, 82, 82,
+      14, 82,  1, 82, 82, 31,  3, 82, 82, 30,
+      82, 82, 82, 10, 82, 82, 82, 82, 37, 82,
+      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82,
+      82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 37, 15, 36, 35,
+      34, 17,  1, 33, 12,  4, 23, 23, 26, 21,
+      13, 82, 27, 82, 82,  2,  5, 82, 11, 16,
+      82, 15, 82, 82, 23, 82,  8, 82
+    };
+  return asso_values[bits_at(codes, 5)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 4)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 3)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 2)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 1)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 0)];
+}
+
+static const CodePointList2 *
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_lookup(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
+{
+  enum
+    {
+      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x61,
+      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x1f7c,
+      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 59,
+      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 6,
+      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 6,
+      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 11,
+      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 81
+    };
+
+  static const short wordlist[] =
+    {
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x1f66,0x03b9*/ 53,
+      /*0x1f07,0x03b9*/ 38,
+      /*0x1f00,0x03b9*/ 31,
+      /*0x0066,0x0066*/ 1,
+      /*0x1f74,0x03b9*/ 56,
+      /*0x0073,0x0073*/ 6,
+      /*0x0066,0x0069*/ 2,
+      /*0x1f06,0x03b9*/ 37,
+      /*0x0073,0x0074*/ 7,
+      /*0x03b9,0x0342*/ 18,
+      /*0x03c9,0x03b9*/ 23,
+      /*0x03b7,0x03b9*/ 17,
+      /*0x0069,0x0307*/ 58,
+      /*0x03b1,0x03b9*/ 15,
+      /*0x1f61,0x03b9*/ 48,
+      /*0x1f05,0x03b9*/ 36,
+      /*0x1f65,0x03b9*/ 52,
+      /*0x0574,0x0576*/ 29,
+      /*0x03c9,0x0342*/ 22,
+      /*0x03b7,0x0342*/ 16,
+      /*0x057e,0x0576*/ 30,
+      /*0x03b1,0x0342*/ 14,
+      /*0x1f7c,0x03b9*/ 57,
+      /*0x0574,0x0565*/ 26,
+      /*0x0079,0x030a*/ 10,
+      /*0x0077,0x030a*/ 9,
+      /*0x1f70,0x03b9*/ 55,
+      /*0x0574,0x056d*/ 28,
+      /*0x0066,0x006c*/ 3,
+      /*0x0574,0x056b*/ 27,
+      /*0x0061,0x02be*/ 0,
+      /*0x0068,0x0331*/ 4,
+      /*0x1f67,0x03b9*/ 54,
+      /*0x1f64,0x03b9*/ 51,
+      /*0x1f63,0x03b9*/ 50,
+      /*0x1f62,0x03b9*/ 49,
+      /*0x1f60,0x03b9*/ 47,
+      /*0x03ce,0x03b9*/ 24,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0342*/ 21,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0313*/ 20,
+      /*0x03c1,0x0313*/ 19,
+      /*0x02bc,0x006e*/ 11,
+      /*0x03ae,0x03b9*/ 13,
+      /*0x03ac,0x03b9*/ 12,
+      /*0x1f27,0x03b9*/ 46,
+      /*0x1f26,0x03b9*/ 45,
+      /*0x1f25,0x03b9*/ 44,
+      /*0x1f24,0x03b9*/ 43,
+      /*0x1f23,0x03b9*/ 42,
+      /*0x1f22,0x03b9*/ 41,
+      /*0x1f21,0x03b9*/ 40,
+      /*0x1f20,0x03b9*/ 39,
+      /*0x006a,0x030c*/ 5,
+      /*0x1f02,0x03b9*/ 33,
+      /*0x0074,0x0308*/ 8,
+      /*0x1f04,0x03b9*/ 35,
+      /*0x1f03,0x03b9*/ 34,
+      /*0x1f01,0x03b9*/ 32,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0565,0x0582*/ 25
+    };
+
+  if (codes[0] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[0] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
+      codes[1] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[1] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
+    {
+      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_12_hash(codes);
+
+      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
+        {
+          register short s = wordlist[key];
+
+          if (s >= 0 && code2_equal(codes, CaseUnfold_12_Table[s].from))
+            return &CaseUnfold_12_Table[s].to;
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static const CaseUnfold_13_Type CaseUnfold_13_Table[] = {
+#define CaseUnfold_13 (*(CaseUnfold_13_Type (*)[14])(CaseUnfold_13_Table+0))
+  {{0x0066, 0x0066, 0x0069}, {1, {0xfb03}}},
+  {{0x0066, 0x0066, 0x006c}, {1, {0xfb04}}},
+  {{0x03b1, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fb7}}},
+  {{0x03b7, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1fc7}}},
+  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1fd2}}},
+  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0301}, {2, {0x0390, 0x1fd3}}},
+  {{0x03b9, 0x0308, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fd7}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1fe2}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0301}, {2, {0x03b0, 0x1fe3}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0308, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1fe7}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0300}, {1, {0x1f52}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0301}, {1, {0x1f54}}},
+  {{0x03c5, 0x0313, 0x0342}, {1, {0x1f56}}},
+  {{0x03c9, 0x0342, 0x03b9}, {1, {0x1ff7}}},
+};
+
+/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -7 -k1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 -F,-1 -c -j1 -i1 -t -T -E -C -H onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash -N onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_lookup -n  */
+
+/* maximum key range = 20, duplicates = 0 */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
+#endif
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+static unsigned int
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
+{
+  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
+    {
+       7,  4, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1,  1,  2, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 11,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 10, 47,  2, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,  1, 47, 47,  1,
+      47, 47, 47,  9, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47,  1, 47, 47,  2, 47, 47,  1, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+      47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47
+    };
+  return asso_values[bits_at(codes, 8)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 7)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 6)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 5)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 4)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 3)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 2)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 1)] + asso_values[bits_at(codes, 0)];
+}
+
+static const CodePointList2 *
+onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_lookup(const OnigCodePoint *codes)
+{
+  enum
+    {
+      MIN_CODE_VALUE = 0x66,
+      MAX_CODE_VALUE = 0x3c9,
+      TOTAL_KEYWORDS = 14,
+      MIN_WORD_LENGTH = 9,
+      MAX_WORD_LENGTH = 9,
+      MIN_HASH_VALUE = 27,
+      MAX_HASH_VALUE = 46
+    };
+
+  static const short wordlist[] =
+    {
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0342*/ 12,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0342*/ 9,
+      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0342*/ 6,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0301*/ 11,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0301*/ 8,
+      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0301*/ 5,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0313,0x0300*/ 10,
+      /*0x03c5,0x0308,0x0300*/ 7,
+      /*0x03b9,0x0308,0x0300*/ 4,
+      /*0x03c9,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 13,
+      /*0x03b7,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 3,
+      /*0x03b1,0x0342,0x03b9*/ 2,
+      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+      /*0x0066,0x0066,0x006c*/ 1,
+      /*0x0066,0x0066,0x0069*/ 0
+    };
+
+  if (codes[0] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[0] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
+      codes[1] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[1] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE &&
+      codes[2] <= MAX_CODE_VALUE && codes[2] >= MIN_CODE_VALUE)
+    {
+      register unsigned int key = onigenc_unicode_CaseUnfold_13_hash(codes);
+
+      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
+        {
+          register short s = wordlist[key];
+
+          if (s >= 0 && code3_equal(codes, CaseUnfold_13_Table[s].from))
+            return &CaseUnfold_13_Table[s].to;
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static const OnigCodePoint CaseMappingSpecials[] = {
+    L(1)|0x039C,
+    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0073, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0053,
+    L(2)|0x02BC, 0x004E,
+    L(1)|0x0053,
+    L(1)|0x01C5,
+    L(2)|0x0064, 0x017D, L(1)|0x01C4,
+    L(1)|0x01C8,
+    L(2)|0x006C, 0x004A, L(1)|0x01C7,
+    L(1)|0x01CB,
+    L(2)|0x006E, 0x004A, L(1)|0x01CA,
+    L(2)|0x004A, 0x030C,
+    L(1)|0x01F2,
+    L(2)|0x0064, 0x005A, L(1)|0x01F1,
+    L(1)|0x0399,
+    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0301,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0301,
+    L(1)|0x03A3,
+    L(1)|0x0392,
+    L(1)|0x0398,
+    L(1)|0x03A6,
+    L(1)|0x03A0,
+    L(1)|0x039A,
+    L(1)|0x03A1,
+    L(1)|0x0395,
+    L(2)|0x0535, 0x0582, L(2)|0x0535, 0x0552,
+    L(1)|0x0412,
+    L(1)|0x0414,
+    L(1)|0x041E,
+    L(1)|0x0421,
+    L(1)|0x0422,
+    L(1)|0x0422,
+    L(1)|0x042A,
+    L(1)|0x0462,
+    L(1)|0xA64A,
+    L(2)|0x0048, 0x0331,
+    L(2)|0x0054, 0x0308,
+    L(2)|0x0057, 0x030A,
+    L(2)|0x0059, 0x030A,
+    L(2)|0x0041, 0x02BE,
+    L(1)|0x1E60,
+    L(1)|0x00DF,
+    L(2)|0x03A5, 0x0313,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0300,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0301,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0313, 0x0342,
+    L(1)|0x1F88, L(2)|0x1F08, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F89, L(2)|0x1F09, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8A, L(2)|0x1F0A, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8B, L(2)|0x1F0B, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8C, L(2)|0x1F0C, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8D, L(2)|0x1F0D, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8E, L(2)|0x1F0E, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F8F, L(2)|0x1F0F, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F00, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F80, L(2)|0x1F08, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F01, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F81, L(2)|0x1F09, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F02, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F82, L(2)|0x1F0A, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F03, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F83, L(2)|0x1F0B, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F04, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F84, L(2)|0x1F0C, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F05, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F85, L(2)|0x1F0D, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F06, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F86, L(2)|0x1F0E, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F07, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F87, L(2)|0x1F0F, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F98, L(2)|0x1F28, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F99, L(2)|0x1F29, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9A, L(2)|0x1F2A, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9B, L(2)|0x1F2B, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9C, L(2)|0x1F2C, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9D, L(2)|0x1F2D, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9E, L(2)|0x1F2E, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1F9F, L(2)|0x1F2F, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F20, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F90, L(2)|0x1F28, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F21, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F91, L(2)|0x1F29, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F22, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F92, L(2)|0x1F2A, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F23, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F93, L(2)|0x1F2B, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F24, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F94, L(2)|0x1F2C, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F25, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F95, L(2)|0x1F2D, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F26, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F96, L(2)|0x1F2E, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F27, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1F97, L(2)|0x1F2F, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FA8, L(2)|0x1F68, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FA9, L(2)|0x1F69, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAA, L(2)|0x1F6A, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAB, L(2)|0x1F6B, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAC, L(2)|0x1F6C, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAD, L(2)|0x1F6D, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAE, L(2)|0x1F6E, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FAF, L(2)|0x1F6F, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F60, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA0, L(2)|0x1F68, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F61, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA1, L(2)|0x1F69, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F62, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA2, L(2)|0x1F6A, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F63, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA3, L(2)|0x1F6B, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F64, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA4, L(2)|0x1F6C, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F65, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA5, L(2)|0x1F6D, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F66, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA6, L(2)|0x1F6E, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1F67, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FA7, L(2)|0x1F6F, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1FBA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FBA, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FBC, L(2)|0x0391, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x0386, 0x0345, L(2)|0x0386, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x0391, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x0391, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x0391, 0x0342, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x03B1, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FB3, L(2)|0x0391, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x1FCA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FCA, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FCC, L(2)|0x0397, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x0389, 0x0345, L(2)|0x0389, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x0397, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x0397, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x0397, 0x0342, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x03B7, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FC3, L(2)|0x0397, 0x0399,
+    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0300,
+    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0301,
+    L(2)|0x0399, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x0399, 0x0308, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0300,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0301,
+    L(2)|0x03A1, 0x0313,
+    L(2)|0x03A5, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x03A5, 0x0308, 0x0342,
+    L(2)|0x1FFA, 0x0345, L(2)|0x1FFA, 0x0399,
+    L(1)|0x1FFC, L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x038F, 0x0345, L(2)|0x038F, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0342,
+    L(3)|0x03A9, 0x0342, 0x0345, L(3)|0x03A9, 0x0342, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x03C9, 0x0399, L(1)|0x1FF3, L(2)|0x03A9, 0x0399,
+    L(2)|0x0046, 0x0066, L(2)|0x0046, 0x0046,
+    L(2)|0x0046, 0x0069, L(2)|0x0046, 0x0049,
+    L(2)|0x0046, 0x006C, L(2)|0x0046, 0x004C,
+    L(3)|0x0046, 0x0066, 0x0069, L(3)|0x0046, 0x0046, 0x0049,
+    L(3)|0x0046, 0x0066, 0x006C, L(3)|0x0046, 0x0046, 0x004C,
+    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0074, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0054,
+    L(2)|0x0053, 0x0074, L(2)|0x0053, 0x0054,
+    L(2)|0x0544, 0x0576, L(2)|0x0544, 0x0546,
+    L(2)|0x0544, 0x0565, L(2)|0x0544, 0x0535,
+    L(2)|0x0544, 0x056B, L(2)|0x0544, 0x053B,
+    L(2)|0x054E, 0x0576, L(2)|0x054E, 0x0546,
+    L(2)|0x0544, 0x056D, L(2)|0x0544, 0x053D,
+};
diff --git a/enc/unicode/17.0.0/name2ctype.h b/enc/unicode/17.0.0/name2ctype.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c1c0659ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enc/unicode/17.0.0/name2ctype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49725 @@
+/* ANSI-C code produced by gperf version 3.1 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -7 -c -j1 -i1 -t -C -P -T -H uniname2ctype_hash -Q uniname2ctype_pool -N uniname2ctype_p  */
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+/* Computed positions: -k'1,3' */
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+/* Computed positions: -k'1-3,5-6,12,16,$' */
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+
+#if !((' ' == 32) && ('!' == 33) && ('"' == 34) && ('#' == 35) \
+      && ('%' == 37) && ('&' == 38) && ('\'' == 39) && ('(' == 40) \
+      && (')' == 41) && ('*' == 42) && ('+' == 43) && (',' == 44) \
+      && ('-' == 45) && ('.' == 46) && ('/' == 47) && ('0' == 48) \
+      && ('1' == 49) && ('2' == 50) && ('3' == 51) && ('4' == 52) \
+      && ('5' == 53) && ('6' == 54) && ('7' == 55) && ('8' == 56) \
+      && ('9' == 57) && (':' == 58) && (';' == 59) && ('<' == 60) \
+      && ('=' == 61) && ('>' == 62) && ('?' == 63) && ('A' == 65) \
+      && ('B' == 66) && ('C' == 67) && ('D' == 68) && ('E' == 69) \
+      && ('F' == 70) && ('G' == 71) && ('H' == 72) && ('I' == 73) \
+      && ('J' == 74) && ('K' == 75) && ('L' == 76) && ('M' == 77) \
+      && ('N' == 78) && ('O' == 79) && ('P' == 80) && ('Q' == 81) \
+      && ('R' == 82) && ('S' == 83) && ('T' == 84) && ('U' == 85) \
+      && ('V' == 86) && ('W' == 87) && ('X' == 88) && ('Y' == 89) \
+      && ('Z' == 90) && ('[' == 91) && ('\\' == 92) && (']' == 93) \
+      && ('^' == 94) && ('_' == 95) && ('a' == 97) && ('b' == 98) \
+      && ('c' == 99) && ('d' == 100) && ('e' == 101) && ('f' == 102) \
+      && ('g' == 103) && ('h' == 104) && ('i' == 105) && ('j' == 106) \
+      && ('k' == 107) && ('l' == 108) && ('m' == 109) && ('n' == 110) \
+      && ('o' == 111) && ('p' == 112) && ('q' == 113) && ('r' == 114) \
+      && ('s' == 115) && ('t' == 116) && ('u' == 117) && ('v' == 118) \
+      && ('w' == 119) && ('x' == 120) && ('y' == 121) && ('z' == 122) \
+      && ('{' == 123) && ('|' == 124) && ('}' == 125) && ('~' == 126))
+/* The character set is not based on ISO-646.  */
+#error "gperf generated tables don't work with this execution character set. Please report a bug to <bug-gperf@gnu.org>."
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* 'NEWLINE': [[:NEWLINE:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_NEWLINE[] = {
+	1,
+	0x000a, 0x000a,
+}; /* CR_NEWLINE */
+
+/* 'Alpha': [[:Alpha:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Alpha[] = {
+	761,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0363, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x0620, 0x0657,
+	0x0659, 0x065f,
+	0x066e, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
+	0x06e1, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ed, 0x06ef,
+	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x073f,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x0817,
+	0x081a, 0x082c,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x0897, 0x0897,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x08d4, 0x08df,
+	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
+	0x08f0, 0x093b,
+	0x093d, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x0950,
+	0x0955, 0x0963,
+	0x0971, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0af9, 0x0afc,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x1000, 0x1036,
+	0x1038, 0x1038,
+	0x103b, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x108f,
+	0x109a, 0x109d,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1713,
+	0x171f, 0x1733,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1938,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
+	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1ba9,
+	0x1bac, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c36,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1dd3, 0x1df4,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa61f,
+	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa674, 0xa67b,
+	0xa67f, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa827,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa90a, 0xa92a,
+	0xa930, 0xa952,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaabe,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf5,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabea,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d4a, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d69,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10efa, 0x10efc,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11045,
+	0x11071, 0x11075,
+	0x11080, 0x110b8,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x11100, 0x11132,
+	0x11144, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111bf,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
+	0x111da, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11234,
+	0x11237, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112e8,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11441,
+	0x11443, 0x11445,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c1,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115be,
+	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x1163e,
+	0x11640, 0x11640,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11680, 0x116b5,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x11838,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
+	0x1193f, 0x11942,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119df,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a35, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a97,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
+	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1612e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5f0,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Alpha */
+
+/* 'Blank': [[:Blank:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Blank[] = {
+	8,
+	0x0009, 0x0009,
+	0x0020, 0x0020,
+	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
+	0x1680, 0x1680,
+	0x2000, 0x200a,
+	0x202f, 0x202f,
+	0x205f, 0x205f,
+	0x3000, 0x3000,
+}; /* CR_Blank */
+
+/* 'Cntrl': [[:Cntrl:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cntrl[] = {
+	2,
+	0x0000, 0x001f,
+	0x007f, 0x009f,
+}; /* CR_Cntrl */
+
+/* 'Digit': [[:Digit:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Digit[] = {
+	72,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0660, 0x0669,
+	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+	0x07c0, 0x07c9,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x09e6, 0x09ef,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+	0x1040, 0x1049,
+	0x1090, 0x1099,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1946, 0x194f,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1bb0, 0x1bb9,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c50, 0x1c59,
+	0xa620, 0xa629,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa900, 0xa909,
+	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9f0, 0xa9f9,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d49,
+	0x11066, 0x1106f,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11730, 0x11739,
+	0x118e0, 0x118e9,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
+	0x16130, 0x16139,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5f1, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+}; /* CR_Digit */
+
+/* 'Graph': [[:Graph:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Graph[] = {
+	741,
+	0x0021, 0x007e,
+	0x00a1, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x200b, 0x2027,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2030, 0x205e,
+	0x2060, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2fff,
+	0x3001, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xe000, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
+	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
+}; /* CR_Graph */
+
+/* 'Lower': [[:Lower:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lower[] = {
+	677,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00df, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
+	0x0101, 0x0101,
+	0x0103, 0x0103,
+	0x0105, 0x0105,
+	0x0107, 0x0107,
+	0x0109, 0x0109,
+	0x010b, 0x010b,
+	0x010d, 0x010d,
+	0x010f, 0x010f,
+	0x0111, 0x0111,
+	0x0113, 0x0113,
+	0x0115, 0x0115,
+	0x0117, 0x0117,
+	0x0119, 0x0119,
+	0x011b, 0x011b,
+	0x011d, 0x011d,
+	0x011f, 0x011f,
+	0x0121, 0x0121,
+	0x0123, 0x0123,
+	0x0125, 0x0125,
+	0x0127, 0x0127,
+	0x0129, 0x0129,
+	0x012b, 0x012b,
+	0x012d, 0x012d,
+	0x012f, 0x012f,
+	0x0131, 0x0131,
+	0x0133, 0x0133,
+	0x0135, 0x0135,
+	0x0137, 0x0138,
+	0x013a, 0x013a,
+	0x013c, 0x013c,
+	0x013e, 0x013e,
+	0x0140, 0x0140,
+	0x0142, 0x0142,
+	0x0144, 0x0144,
+	0x0146, 0x0146,
+	0x0148, 0x0149,
+	0x014b, 0x014b,
+	0x014d, 0x014d,
+	0x014f, 0x014f,
+	0x0151, 0x0151,
+	0x0153, 0x0153,
+	0x0155, 0x0155,
+	0x0157, 0x0157,
+	0x0159, 0x0159,
+	0x015b, 0x015b,
+	0x015d, 0x015d,
+	0x015f, 0x015f,
+	0x0161, 0x0161,
+	0x0163, 0x0163,
+	0x0165, 0x0165,
+	0x0167, 0x0167,
+	0x0169, 0x0169,
+	0x016b, 0x016b,
+	0x016d, 0x016d,
+	0x016f, 0x016f,
+	0x0171, 0x0171,
+	0x0173, 0x0173,
+	0x0175, 0x0175,
+	0x0177, 0x0177,
+	0x017a, 0x017a,
+	0x017c, 0x017c,
+	0x017e, 0x0180,
+	0x0183, 0x0183,
+	0x0185, 0x0185,
+	0x0188, 0x0188,
+	0x018c, 0x018d,
+	0x0192, 0x0192,
+	0x0195, 0x0195,
+	0x0199, 0x019b,
+	0x019e, 0x019e,
+	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
+	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
+	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
+	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
+	0x01aa, 0x01ab,
+	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
+	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
+	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
+	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
+	0x01b9, 0x01ba,
+	0x01bd, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c6, 0x01c6,
+	0x01c9, 0x01c9,
+	0x01cc, 0x01cc,
+	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
+	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
+	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
+	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
+	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
+	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
+	0x01da, 0x01da,
+	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
+	0x01df, 0x01df,
+	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
+	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
+	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
+	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
+	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
+	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
+	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
+	0x01ef, 0x01f0,
+	0x01f3, 0x01f3,
+	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
+	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
+	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
+	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
+	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
+	0x0201, 0x0201,
+	0x0203, 0x0203,
+	0x0205, 0x0205,
+	0x0207, 0x0207,
+	0x0209, 0x0209,
+	0x020b, 0x020b,
+	0x020d, 0x020d,
+	0x020f, 0x020f,
+	0x0211, 0x0211,
+	0x0213, 0x0213,
+	0x0215, 0x0215,
+	0x0217, 0x0217,
+	0x0219, 0x0219,
+	0x021b, 0x021b,
+	0x021d, 0x021d,
+	0x021f, 0x021f,
+	0x0221, 0x0221,
+	0x0223, 0x0223,
+	0x0225, 0x0225,
+	0x0227, 0x0227,
+	0x0229, 0x0229,
+	0x022b, 0x022b,
+	0x022d, 0x022d,
+	0x022f, 0x022f,
+	0x0231, 0x0231,
+	0x0233, 0x0239,
+	0x023c, 0x023c,
+	0x023f, 0x0240,
+	0x0242, 0x0242,
+	0x0247, 0x0247,
+	0x0249, 0x0249,
+	0x024b, 0x024b,
+	0x024d, 0x024d,
+	0x024f, 0x0293,
+	0x0296, 0x02b8,
+	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0371, 0x0371,
+	0x0373, 0x0373,
+	0x0377, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x0390, 0x0390,
+	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
+	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
+	0x03db, 0x03db,
+	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
+	0x03df, 0x03df,
+	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
+	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
+	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
+	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
+	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
+	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
+	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
+	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
+	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
+	0x03fb, 0x03fc,
+	0x0430, 0x045f,
+	0x0461, 0x0461,
+	0x0463, 0x0463,
+	0x0465, 0x0465,
+	0x0467, 0x0467,
+	0x0469, 0x0469,
+	0x046b, 0x046b,
+	0x046d, 0x046d,
+	0x046f, 0x046f,
+	0x0471, 0x0471,
+	0x0473, 0x0473,
+	0x0475, 0x0475,
+	0x0477, 0x0477,
+	0x0479, 0x0479,
+	0x047b, 0x047b,
+	0x047d, 0x047d,
+	0x047f, 0x047f,
+	0x0481, 0x0481,
+	0x048b, 0x048b,
+	0x048d, 0x048d,
+	0x048f, 0x048f,
+	0x0491, 0x0491,
+	0x0493, 0x0493,
+	0x0495, 0x0495,
+	0x0497, 0x0497,
+	0x0499, 0x0499,
+	0x049b, 0x049b,
+	0x049d, 0x049d,
+	0x049f, 0x049f,
+	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
+	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
+	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
+	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
+	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
+	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
+	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
+	0x04af, 0x04af,
+	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
+	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
+	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
+	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
+	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
+	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
+	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
+	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
+	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
+	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
+	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
+	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
+	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
+	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
+	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
+	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
+	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
+	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
+	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
+	0x04db, 0x04db,
+	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
+	0x04df, 0x04df,
+	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
+	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
+	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
+	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
+	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
+	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
+	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
+	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
+	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
+	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
+	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
+	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
+	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
+	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
+	0x0501, 0x0501,
+	0x0503, 0x0503,
+	0x0505, 0x0505,
+	0x0507, 0x0507,
+	0x0509, 0x0509,
+	0x050b, 0x050b,
+	0x050d, 0x050d,
+	0x050f, 0x050f,
+	0x0511, 0x0511,
+	0x0513, 0x0513,
+	0x0515, 0x0515,
+	0x0517, 0x0517,
+	0x0519, 0x0519,
+	0x051b, 0x051b,
+	0x051d, 0x051d,
+	0x051f, 0x051f,
+	0x0521, 0x0521,
+	0x0523, 0x0523,
+	0x0525, 0x0525,
+	0x0527, 0x0527,
+	0x0529, 0x0529,
+	0x052b, 0x052b,
+	0x052d, 0x052d,
+	0x052f, 0x052f,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c8a, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
+	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
+	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
+	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
+	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
+	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
+	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
+	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
+	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
+	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
+	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
+	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
+	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
+	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
+	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
+	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
+	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
+	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
+	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
+	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
+	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
+	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
+	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
+	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
+	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
+	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
+	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
+	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
+	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
+	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
+	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
+	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
+	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
+	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
+	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
+	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
+	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
+	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
+	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
+	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
+	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
+	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
+	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
+	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
+	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
+	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
+	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
+	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
+	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
+	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
+	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
+	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
+	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
+	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
+	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
+	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
+	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
+	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
+	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
+	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
+	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
+	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
+	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
+	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
+	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
+	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
+	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
+	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
+	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
+	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
+	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
+	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
+	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
+	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
+	0x1e95, 0x1e9d,
+	0x1e9f, 0x1e9f,
+	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
+	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
+	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
+	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
+	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
+	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
+	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
+	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
+	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
+	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
+	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
+	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
+	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
+	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
+	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
+	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
+	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
+	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
+	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
+	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
+	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
+	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
+	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
+	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
+	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
+	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
+	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
+	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
+	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
+	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
+	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
+	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
+	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
+	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
+	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
+	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
+	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
+	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
+	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
+	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
+	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
+	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
+	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
+	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
+	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
+	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
+	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
+	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
+	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
+	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
+	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1f87,
+	0x1f90, 0x1f97,
+	0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
+	0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x210a, 0x210a,
+	0x210e, 0x210f,
+	0x2113, 0x2113,
+	0x212f, 0x212f,
+	0x2134, 0x2134,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213d,
+	0x2146, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2170, 0x217f,
+	0x2184, 0x2184,
+	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
+	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
+	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
+	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
+	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
+	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
+	0x2c71, 0x2c71,
+	0x2c73, 0x2c74,
+	0x2c76, 0x2c7d,
+	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
+	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
+	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
+	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
+	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
+	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
+	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
+	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
+	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
+	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
+	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
+	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
+	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
+	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
+	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
+	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
+	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
+	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
+	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
+	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
+	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
+	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
+	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
+	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
+	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
+	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
+	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
+	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
+	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
+	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
+	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
+	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
+	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
+	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
+	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
+	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
+	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
+	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
+	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
+	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
+	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
+	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
+	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
+	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
+	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
+	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
+	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
+	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
+	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
+	0x2ce3, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
+	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa641, 0xa641,
+	0xa643, 0xa643,
+	0xa645, 0xa645,
+	0xa647, 0xa647,
+	0xa649, 0xa649,
+	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
+	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
+	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
+	0xa651, 0xa651,
+	0xa653, 0xa653,
+	0xa655, 0xa655,
+	0xa657, 0xa657,
+	0xa659, 0xa659,
+	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
+	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
+	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
+	0xa661, 0xa661,
+	0xa663, 0xa663,
+	0xa665, 0xa665,
+	0xa667, 0xa667,
+	0xa669, 0xa669,
+	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
+	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
+	0xa681, 0xa681,
+	0xa683, 0xa683,
+	0xa685, 0xa685,
+	0xa687, 0xa687,
+	0xa689, 0xa689,
+	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
+	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
+	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
+	0xa691, 0xa691,
+	0xa693, 0xa693,
+	0xa695, 0xa695,
+	0xa697, 0xa697,
+	0xa699, 0xa699,
+	0xa69b, 0xa69d,
+	0xa723, 0xa723,
+	0xa725, 0xa725,
+	0xa727, 0xa727,
+	0xa729, 0xa729,
+	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
+	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
+	0xa72f, 0xa731,
+	0xa733, 0xa733,
+	0xa735, 0xa735,
+	0xa737, 0xa737,
+	0xa739, 0xa739,
+	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
+	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
+	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
+	0xa741, 0xa741,
+	0xa743, 0xa743,
+	0xa745, 0xa745,
+	0xa747, 0xa747,
+	0xa749, 0xa749,
+	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
+	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
+	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
+	0xa751, 0xa751,
+	0xa753, 0xa753,
+	0xa755, 0xa755,
+	0xa757, 0xa757,
+	0xa759, 0xa759,
+	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
+	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
+	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
+	0xa761, 0xa761,
+	0xa763, 0xa763,
+	0xa765, 0xa765,
+	0xa767, 0xa767,
+	0xa769, 0xa769,
+	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
+	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
+	0xa76f, 0xa778,
+	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
+	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
+	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
+	0xa781, 0xa781,
+	0xa783, 0xa783,
+	0xa785, 0xa785,
+	0xa787, 0xa787,
+	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
+	0xa78e, 0xa78e,
+	0xa791, 0xa791,
+	0xa793, 0xa795,
+	0xa797, 0xa797,
+	0xa799, 0xa799,
+	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
+	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
+	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
+	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
+	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
+	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
+	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
+	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
+	0xa7af, 0xa7af,
+	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
+	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
+	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
+	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
+	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
+	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
+	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
+	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7cd, 0xa7cd,
+	0xa7cf, 0xa7cf,
+	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
+	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
+	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7db, 0xa7db,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f4,
+	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7fa,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10428, 0x1044f,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10780, 0x10780,
+	0x10783, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118c0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1d41a, 0x1d433,
+	0x1d44e, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d467,
+	0x1d482, 0x1d49b,
+	0x1d4b6, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d4cf,
+	0x1d4ea, 0x1d503,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d537,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d56b,
+	0x1d586, 0x1d59f,
+	0x1d5ba, 0x1d5d3,
+	0x1d5ee, 0x1d607,
+	0x1d622, 0x1d63b,
+	0x1d656, 0x1d66f,
+	0x1d68a, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6e1,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d71b,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d755,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d78f,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7cb, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
+	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_Lower */
+
+/* 'Print': [[:Print:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Print[] = {
+	737,
+	0x0020, 0x007e,
+	0x00a0, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2027,
+	0x202a, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xe000, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
+	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
+}; /* CR_Print */
+
+/* 'XPosixPunct': [[:Punct:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_XPosixPunct[] = {
+	194,
+	0x0021, 0x002f,
+	0x003a, 0x0040,
+	0x005b, 0x0060,
+	0x007b, 0x007e,
+	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
+	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
+	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
+	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
+	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x055a, 0x055f,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x05be, 0x05be,
+	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
+	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
+	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
+	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
+	0x0609, 0x060a,
+	0x060c, 0x060d,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061d, 0x061f,
+	0x066a, 0x066d,
+	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x0970, 0x0970,
+	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
+	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
+	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
+	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
+	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
+	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
+	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
+	0x0f3a, 0x0f3d,
+	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
+	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
+	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
+	0x104a, 0x104f,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1360, 0x1368,
+	0x1400, 0x1400,
+	0x166e, 0x166e,
+	0x169b, 0x169c,
+	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
+	0x17d8, 0x17da,
+	0x1800, 0x180a,
+	0x1944, 0x1945,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
+	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b4f,
+	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
+	0x1b7d, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
+	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
+	0x2010, 0x2027,
+	0x2030, 0x2043,
+	0x2045, 0x2051,
+	0x2053, 0x205e,
+	0x207d, 0x207e,
+	0x208d, 0x208e,
+	0x2308, 0x230b,
+	0x2329, 0x232a,
+	0x2768, 0x2775,
+	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
+	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
+	0x2983, 0x2998,
+	0x29d8, 0x29db,
+	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
+	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
+	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e2e,
+	0x2e30, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e52, 0x2e5d,
+	0x3001, 0x3003,
+	0x3008, 0x3011,
+	0x3014, 0x301f,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x303d, 0x303d,
+	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
+	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
+	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
+	0xa673, 0xa673,
+	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
+	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa874, 0xa877,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
+	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
+	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
+	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
+	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
+	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
+	0xaade, 0xaadf,
+	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
+	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
+	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe61,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
+	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
+	0xff01, 0xff03,
+	0xff05, 0xff0a,
+	0xff0c, 0xff0f,
+	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
+	0xff1f, 0xff20,
+	0xff3b, 0xff3d,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
+	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
+	0xff5f, 0xff65,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10857, 0x10857,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10d6e, 0x10d6e,
+	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed0,
+	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x11047, 0x1104d,
+	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x11140, 0x11143,
+	0x11174, 0x11175,
+	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111db, 0x111db,
+	0x111dd, 0x111df,
+	0x11238, 0x1123d,
+	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
+	0x113d4, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
+	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
+	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
+	0x11641, 0x11643,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
+	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
+	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
+	0x11944, 0x11946,
+	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
+	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
+	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11be1, 0x11be1,
+	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
+	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
+	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
+	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
+	0x16d6d, 0x16d6f,
+	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+}; /* CR_XPosixPunct */
+
+/* 'Space': [[:Space:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Space[] = {
+	10,
+	0x0009, 0x000d,
+	0x0020, 0x0020,
+	0x0085, 0x0085,
+	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
+	0x1680, 0x1680,
+	0x2000, 0x200a,
+	0x2028, 0x2029,
+	0x202f, 0x202f,
+	0x205f, 0x205f,
+	0x3000, 0x3000,
+}; /* CR_Space */
+
+/* 'Upper': [[:Upper:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Upper[] = {
+	660,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00de,
+	0x0100, 0x0100,
+	0x0102, 0x0102,
+	0x0104, 0x0104,
+	0x0106, 0x0106,
+	0x0108, 0x0108,
+	0x010a, 0x010a,
+	0x010c, 0x010c,
+	0x010e, 0x010e,
+	0x0110, 0x0110,
+	0x0112, 0x0112,
+	0x0114, 0x0114,
+	0x0116, 0x0116,
+	0x0118, 0x0118,
+	0x011a, 0x011a,
+	0x011c, 0x011c,
+	0x011e, 0x011e,
+	0x0120, 0x0120,
+	0x0122, 0x0122,
+	0x0124, 0x0124,
+	0x0126, 0x0126,
+	0x0128, 0x0128,
+	0x012a, 0x012a,
+	0x012c, 0x012c,
+	0x012e, 0x012e,
+	0x0130, 0x0130,
+	0x0132, 0x0132,
+	0x0134, 0x0134,
+	0x0136, 0x0136,
+	0x0139, 0x0139,
+	0x013b, 0x013b,
+	0x013d, 0x013d,
+	0x013f, 0x013f,
+	0x0141, 0x0141,
+	0x0143, 0x0143,
+	0x0145, 0x0145,
+	0x0147, 0x0147,
+	0x014a, 0x014a,
+	0x014c, 0x014c,
+	0x014e, 0x014e,
+	0x0150, 0x0150,
+	0x0152, 0x0152,
+	0x0154, 0x0154,
+	0x0156, 0x0156,
+	0x0158, 0x0158,
+	0x015a, 0x015a,
+	0x015c, 0x015c,
+	0x015e, 0x015e,
+	0x0160, 0x0160,
+	0x0162, 0x0162,
+	0x0164, 0x0164,
+	0x0166, 0x0166,
+	0x0168, 0x0168,
+	0x016a, 0x016a,
+	0x016c, 0x016c,
+	0x016e, 0x016e,
+	0x0170, 0x0170,
+	0x0172, 0x0172,
+	0x0174, 0x0174,
+	0x0176, 0x0176,
+	0x0178, 0x0179,
+	0x017b, 0x017b,
+	0x017d, 0x017d,
+	0x0181, 0x0182,
+	0x0184, 0x0184,
+	0x0186, 0x0187,
+	0x0189, 0x018b,
+	0x018e, 0x0191,
+	0x0193, 0x0194,
+	0x0196, 0x0198,
+	0x019c, 0x019d,
+	0x019f, 0x01a0,
+	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
+	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
+	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
+	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
+	0x01ae, 0x01af,
+	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
+	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
+	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
+	0x01c7, 0x01c7,
+	0x01ca, 0x01ca,
+	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
+	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
+	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
+	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
+	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
+	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
+	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
+	0x01db, 0x01db,
+	0x01de, 0x01de,
+	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
+	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
+	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
+	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
+	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
+	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
+	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
+	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
+	0x01f1, 0x01f1,
+	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
+	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
+	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
+	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
+	0x0200, 0x0200,
+	0x0202, 0x0202,
+	0x0204, 0x0204,
+	0x0206, 0x0206,
+	0x0208, 0x0208,
+	0x020a, 0x020a,
+	0x020c, 0x020c,
+	0x020e, 0x020e,
+	0x0210, 0x0210,
+	0x0212, 0x0212,
+	0x0214, 0x0214,
+	0x0216, 0x0216,
+	0x0218, 0x0218,
+	0x021a, 0x021a,
+	0x021c, 0x021c,
+	0x021e, 0x021e,
+	0x0220, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0222,
+	0x0224, 0x0224,
+	0x0226, 0x0226,
+	0x0228, 0x0228,
+	0x022a, 0x022a,
+	0x022c, 0x022c,
+	0x022e, 0x022e,
+	0x0230, 0x0230,
+	0x0232, 0x0232,
+	0x023a, 0x023b,
+	0x023d, 0x023e,
+	0x0241, 0x0241,
+	0x0243, 0x0246,
+	0x0248, 0x0248,
+	0x024a, 0x024a,
+	0x024c, 0x024c,
+	0x024e, 0x024e,
+	0x0370, 0x0370,
+	0x0372, 0x0372,
+	0x0376, 0x0376,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x038f,
+	0x0391, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
+	0x03d2, 0x03d4,
+	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
+	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
+	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
+	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
+	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
+	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
+	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
+	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
+	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+	0x03fd, 0x042f,
+	0x0460, 0x0460,
+	0x0462, 0x0462,
+	0x0464, 0x0464,
+	0x0466, 0x0466,
+	0x0468, 0x0468,
+	0x046a, 0x046a,
+	0x046c, 0x046c,
+	0x046e, 0x046e,
+	0x0470, 0x0470,
+	0x0472, 0x0472,
+	0x0474, 0x0474,
+	0x0476, 0x0476,
+	0x0478, 0x0478,
+	0x047a, 0x047a,
+	0x047c, 0x047c,
+	0x047e, 0x047e,
+	0x0480, 0x0480,
+	0x048a, 0x048a,
+	0x048c, 0x048c,
+	0x048e, 0x048e,
+	0x0490, 0x0490,
+	0x0492, 0x0492,
+	0x0494, 0x0494,
+	0x0496, 0x0496,
+	0x0498, 0x0498,
+	0x049a, 0x049a,
+	0x049c, 0x049c,
+	0x049e, 0x049e,
+	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
+	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
+	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
+	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
+	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
+	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
+	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
+	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
+	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
+	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
+	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
+	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
+	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
+	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
+	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
+	0x04be, 0x04be,
+	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
+	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
+	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
+	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
+	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
+	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
+	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
+	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
+	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
+	0x04da, 0x04da,
+	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
+	0x04de, 0x04de,
+	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
+	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
+	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
+	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
+	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
+	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
+	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
+	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
+	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
+	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
+	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
+	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
+	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
+	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
+	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
+	0x0500, 0x0500,
+	0x0502, 0x0502,
+	0x0504, 0x0504,
+	0x0506, 0x0506,
+	0x0508, 0x0508,
+	0x050a, 0x050a,
+	0x050c, 0x050c,
+	0x050e, 0x050e,
+	0x0510, 0x0510,
+	0x0512, 0x0512,
+	0x0514, 0x0514,
+	0x0516, 0x0516,
+	0x0518, 0x0518,
+	0x051a, 0x051a,
+	0x051c, 0x051c,
+	0x051e, 0x051e,
+	0x0520, 0x0520,
+	0x0522, 0x0522,
+	0x0524, 0x0524,
+	0x0526, 0x0526,
+	0x0528, 0x0528,
+	0x052a, 0x052a,
+	0x052c, 0x052c,
+	0x052e, 0x052e,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x1c89, 0x1c89,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
+	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
+	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
+	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
+	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
+	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
+	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
+	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
+	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
+	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
+	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
+	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
+	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
+	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
+	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
+	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
+	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
+	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
+	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
+	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
+	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
+	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
+	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
+	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
+	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
+	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
+	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
+	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
+	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
+	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
+	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
+	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
+	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
+	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
+	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
+	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
+	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
+	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
+	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
+	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
+	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
+	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
+	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
+	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
+	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
+	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
+	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
+	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
+	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
+	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
+	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
+	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
+	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
+	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
+	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
+	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
+	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
+	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
+	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
+	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
+	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
+	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
+	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
+	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
+	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
+	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
+	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
+	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
+	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
+	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
+	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
+	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
+	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
+	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
+	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
+	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
+	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
+	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
+	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
+	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
+	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
+	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
+	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
+	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
+	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
+	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
+	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
+	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
+	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
+	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
+	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
+	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
+	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
+	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
+	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
+	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
+	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
+	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
+	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
+	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
+	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
+	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
+	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
+	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
+	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
+	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
+	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
+	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
+	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
+	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
+	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
+	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
+	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
+	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
+	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
+	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
+	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
+	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
+	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
+	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
+	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
+	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
+	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
+	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
+	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+	0x1fb8, 0x1fbb,
+	0x1fc8, 0x1fcb,
+	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff8, 0x1ffb,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210b, 0x210d,
+	0x2110, 0x2112,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x2130, 0x2133,
+	0x213e, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2145,
+	0x2160, 0x216f,
+	0x2183, 0x2183,
+	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
+	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
+	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
+	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
+	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
+	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
+	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
+	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
+	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
+	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
+	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
+	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
+	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
+	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
+	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
+	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
+	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
+	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
+	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
+	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
+	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
+	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
+	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
+	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
+	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
+	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
+	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
+	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
+	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
+	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
+	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
+	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
+	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
+	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
+	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
+	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
+	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
+	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
+	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
+	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
+	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
+	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
+	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
+	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
+	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
+	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
+	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
+	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
+	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
+	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
+	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
+	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
+	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
+	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
+	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
+	0xa640, 0xa640,
+	0xa642, 0xa642,
+	0xa644, 0xa644,
+	0xa646, 0xa646,
+	0xa648, 0xa648,
+	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
+	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
+	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
+	0xa650, 0xa650,
+	0xa652, 0xa652,
+	0xa654, 0xa654,
+	0xa656, 0xa656,
+	0xa658, 0xa658,
+	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
+	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
+	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
+	0xa660, 0xa660,
+	0xa662, 0xa662,
+	0xa664, 0xa664,
+	0xa666, 0xa666,
+	0xa668, 0xa668,
+	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
+	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
+	0xa680, 0xa680,
+	0xa682, 0xa682,
+	0xa684, 0xa684,
+	0xa686, 0xa686,
+	0xa688, 0xa688,
+	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
+	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
+	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
+	0xa690, 0xa690,
+	0xa692, 0xa692,
+	0xa694, 0xa694,
+	0xa696, 0xa696,
+	0xa698, 0xa698,
+	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
+	0xa722, 0xa722,
+	0xa724, 0xa724,
+	0xa726, 0xa726,
+	0xa728, 0xa728,
+	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
+	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
+	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
+	0xa732, 0xa732,
+	0xa734, 0xa734,
+	0xa736, 0xa736,
+	0xa738, 0xa738,
+	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
+	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
+	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
+	0xa740, 0xa740,
+	0xa742, 0xa742,
+	0xa744, 0xa744,
+	0xa746, 0xa746,
+	0xa748, 0xa748,
+	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
+	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
+	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
+	0xa750, 0xa750,
+	0xa752, 0xa752,
+	0xa754, 0xa754,
+	0xa756, 0xa756,
+	0xa758, 0xa758,
+	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
+	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
+	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
+	0xa760, 0xa760,
+	0xa762, 0xa762,
+	0xa764, 0xa764,
+	0xa766, 0xa766,
+	0xa768, 0xa768,
+	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
+	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
+	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
+	0xa779, 0xa779,
+	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
+	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+	0xa780, 0xa780,
+	0xa782, 0xa782,
+	0xa784, 0xa784,
+	0xa786, 0xa786,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
+	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
+	0xa790, 0xa790,
+	0xa792, 0xa792,
+	0xa796, 0xa796,
+	0xa798, 0xa798,
+	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
+	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
+	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
+	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
+	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
+	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
+	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
+	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
+	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
+	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
+	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
+	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
+	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
+	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
+	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
+	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
+	0xa7cb, 0xa7cc,
+	0xa7ce, 0xa7ce,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
+	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
+	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
+	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
+	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
+	0xa7da, 0xa7da,
+	0xa7dc, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0x10400, 0x10427,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d419,
+	0x1d434, 0x1d44d,
+	0x1d468, 0x1d481,
+	0x1d49c, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b5,
+	0x1d4d0, 0x1d4e9,
+	0x1d504, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d538, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d56c, 0x1d585,
+	0x1d5a0, 0x1d5b9,
+	0x1d5d4, 0x1d5ed,
+	0x1d608, 0x1d621,
+	0x1d63c, 0x1d655,
+	0x1d670, 0x1d689,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6e2, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d71c, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d756, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d790, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7ca, 0x1d7ca,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+}; /* CR_Upper */
+
+/* 'XDigit': [[:XDigit:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_XDigit[] = {
+	3,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x0046,
+	0x0061, 0x0066,
+}; /* CR_XDigit */
+
+/* 'Word': [[:Word:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Word[] = {
+	802,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x005f, 0x005f,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x0483, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x0620, 0x0669,
+	0x066e, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x0897, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0963,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x0971, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x1000, 0x1049,
+	0x1050, 0x109d,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1734,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17d3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1946, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+	0x203f, 0x2040,
+	0x2054, 0x2054,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x302f,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa827,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
+	0xa930, 0xa953,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
+	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11046,
+	0x11066, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x11144, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11173,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111c4,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111ce, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d3,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1144a,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x1145e, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
+	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11640,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11739,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183a,
+	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11943,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13440, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Word */
+
+/* 'Alnum': [[:Alnum:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Alnum[] = {
+	807,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0363, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x0620, 0x0657,
+	0x0659, 0x0669,
+	0x066e, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
+	0x06e1, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ed, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x073f,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x0817,
+	0x081a, 0x082c,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x0897, 0x0897,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x08d4, 0x08df,
+	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
+	0x08f0, 0x093b,
+	0x093d, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x0950,
+	0x0955, 0x0963,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x0971, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af9, 0x0afc,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x1000, 0x1036,
+	0x1038, 0x1038,
+	0x103b, 0x1049,
+	0x1050, 0x109d,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1713,
+	0x171f, 0x1733,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1938,
+	0x1946, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
+	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
+	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1b80, 0x1ba9,
+	0x1bac, 0x1be5,
+	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c36,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1dd3, 0x1df4,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa674, 0xa67b,
+	0xa67f, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa827,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa92a,
+	0xa930, 0xa952,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaabe,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf5,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabea,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d69,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10efa, 0x10efc,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11045,
+	0x11066, 0x1106f,
+	0x11071, 0x11075,
+	0x11080, 0x110b8,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11132,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x11144, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111bf,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111ce, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11234,
+	0x11237, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112e8,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11441,
+	0x11443, 0x11445,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c1,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115be,
+	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x1163e,
+	0x11640, 0x11640,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b5,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
+	0x11730, 0x11739,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x11838,
+	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
+	0x1193f, 0x11942,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119df,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a35, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a97,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
+	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1612e,
+	0x16130, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Alnum */
+
+/* 'ASCII': [[:ASCII:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_ASCII[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0000, 0x007f,
+}; /* CR_ASCII */
+
+/* 'Punct': [[:Punct:]] */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Punct[] = {
+	199,
+	0x0021, 0x0023,
+	0x0025, 0x002a,
+	0x002c, 0x002f,
+	0x003a, 0x003b,
+	0x003f, 0x0040,
+	0x005b, 0x005d,
+	0x005f, 0x005f,
+	0x007b, 0x007b,
+	0x007d, 0x007d,
+	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
+	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
+	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
+	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
+	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x055a, 0x055f,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x05be, 0x05be,
+	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
+	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
+	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
+	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
+	0x0609, 0x060a,
+	0x060c, 0x060d,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061d, 0x061f,
+	0x066a, 0x066d,
+	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x0970, 0x0970,
+	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
+	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
+	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
+	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
+	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
+	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
+	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
+	0x0f3a, 0x0f3d,
+	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
+	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
+	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
+	0x104a, 0x104f,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1360, 0x1368,
+	0x1400, 0x1400,
+	0x166e, 0x166e,
+	0x169b, 0x169c,
+	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
+	0x17d8, 0x17da,
+	0x1800, 0x180a,
+	0x1944, 0x1945,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
+	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b4f,
+	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
+	0x1b7d, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
+	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
+	0x2010, 0x2027,
+	0x2030, 0x2043,
+	0x2045, 0x2051,
+	0x2053, 0x205e,
+	0x207d, 0x207e,
+	0x208d, 0x208e,
+	0x2308, 0x230b,
+	0x2329, 0x232a,
+	0x2768, 0x2775,
+	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
+	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
+	0x2983, 0x2998,
+	0x29d8, 0x29db,
+	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
+	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
+	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e2e,
+	0x2e30, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e52, 0x2e5d,
+	0x3001, 0x3003,
+	0x3008, 0x3011,
+	0x3014, 0x301f,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x303d, 0x303d,
+	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
+	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
+	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
+	0xa673, 0xa673,
+	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
+	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa874, 0xa877,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
+	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
+	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
+	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
+	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
+	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
+	0xaade, 0xaadf,
+	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
+	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
+	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe61,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
+	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
+	0xff01, 0xff03,
+	0xff05, 0xff0a,
+	0xff0c, 0xff0f,
+	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
+	0xff1f, 0xff20,
+	0xff3b, 0xff3d,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
+	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
+	0xff5f, 0xff65,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10857, 0x10857,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10d6e, 0x10d6e,
+	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed0,
+	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x11047, 0x1104d,
+	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x11140, 0x11143,
+	0x11174, 0x11175,
+	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111db, 0x111db,
+	0x111dd, 0x111df,
+	0x11238, 0x1123d,
+	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
+	0x113d4, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
+	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
+	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
+	0x11641, 0x11643,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
+	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
+	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
+	0x11944, 0x11946,
+	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
+	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
+	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11be1, 0x11be1,
+	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
+	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
+	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
+	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
+	0x16d6d, 0x16d6f,
+	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+}; /* CR_Punct */
+
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+/* 'Any': - */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Any[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0000, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Any */
+
+/* 'Assigned': - */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Assigned[] = {
+	735,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
+	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
+}; /* CR_Assigned */
+
+/* 'C': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_C[] = {
+	741,
+	0x0000, 0x001f,
+	0x007f, 0x009f,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x0378, 0x0379,
+	0x0380, 0x0383,
+	0x038b, 0x038b,
+	0x038d, 0x038d,
+	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
+	0x0530, 0x0530,
+	0x0557, 0x0558,
+	0x058b, 0x058c,
+	0x0590, 0x0590,
+	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
+	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
+	0x05f5, 0x0605,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
+	0x070e, 0x070f,
+	0x074b, 0x074c,
+	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
+	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
+	0x082e, 0x082f,
+	0x083f, 0x083f,
+	0x085c, 0x085d,
+	0x085f, 0x085f,
+	0x086b, 0x086f,
+	0x0890, 0x0896,
+	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
+	0x0984, 0x0984,
+	0x098d, 0x098e,
+	0x0991, 0x0992,
+	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
+	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
+	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
+	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
+	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
+	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
+	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
+	0x09d8, 0x09db,
+	0x09de, 0x09de,
+	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
+	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
+	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
+	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
+	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
+	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
+	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
+	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
+	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
+	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
+	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
+	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
+	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
+	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
+	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
+	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
+	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
+	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
+	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
+	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
+	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
+	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
+	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
+	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
+	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
+	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
+	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
+	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
+	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
+	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
+	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
+	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
+	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
+	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
+	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
+	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
+	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
+	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
+	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
+	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
+	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
+	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
+	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
+	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
+	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
+	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
+	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
+	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
+	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
+	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
+	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
+	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
+	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
+	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
+	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
+	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
+	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
+	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
+	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
+	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
+	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
+	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
+	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
+	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
+	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
+	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
+	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
+	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
+	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
+	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
+	0x0c5b, 0x0c5b,
+	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
+	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
+	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
+	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
+	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
+	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
+	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
+	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
+	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
+	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
+	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
+	0x0cd7, 0x0cdb,
+	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
+	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
+	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
+	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
+	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
+	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
+	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
+	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
+	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
+	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
+	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
+	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
+	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
+	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
+	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
+	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
+	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
+	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
+	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
+	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
+	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
+	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
+	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
+	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
+	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
+	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
+	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
+	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
+	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
+	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
+	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
+	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
+	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
+	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
+	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
+	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
+	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
+	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
+	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
+	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
+	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
+	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
+	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
+	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
+	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
+	0x1249, 0x1249,
+	0x124e, 0x124f,
+	0x1257, 0x1257,
+	0x1259, 0x1259,
+	0x125e, 0x125f,
+	0x1289, 0x1289,
+	0x128e, 0x128f,
+	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
+	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
+	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
+	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
+	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
+	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
+	0x1311, 0x1311,
+	0x1316, 0x1317,
+	0x135b, 0x135c,
+	0x137d, 0x137f,
+	0x139a, 0x139f,
+	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
+	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
+	0x169d, 0x169f,
+	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
+	0x1716, 0x171e,
+	0x1737, 0x173f,
+	0x1754, 0x175f,
+	0x176d, 0x176d,
+	0x1771, 0x1771,
+	0x1774, 0x177f,
+	0x17de, 0x17df,
+	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
+	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
+	0x180e, 0x180e,
+	0x181a, 0x181f,
+	0x1879, 0x187f,
+	0x18ab, 0x18af,
+	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
+	0x191f, 0x191f,
+	0x192c, 0x192f,
+	0x193c, 0x193f,
+	0x1941, 0x1943,
+	0x196e, 0x196f,
+	0x1975, 0x197f,
+	0x19ac, 0x19af,
+	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
+	0x19db, 0x19dd,
+	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
+	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
+	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
+	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
+	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
+	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
+	0x1ade, 0x1adf,
+	0x1aec, 0x1aff,
+	0x1b4d, 0x1b4d,
+	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
+	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
+	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
+	0x1c8b, 0x1c8f,
+	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
+	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
+	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
+	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
+	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
+	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
+	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
+	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
+	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
+	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
+	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
+	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
+	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
+	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
+	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
+	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
+	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
+	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
+	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
+	0x200b, 0x200f,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2060, 0x206f,
+	0x2072, 0x2073,
+	0x208f, 0x208f,
+	0x209d, 0x209f,
+	0x20c2, 0x20cf,
+	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
+	0x218c, 0x218f,
+	0x242a, 0x243f,
+	0x244b, 0x245f,
+	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
+	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
+	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
+	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
+	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
+	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
+	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
+	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
+	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
+	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
+	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
+	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
+	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
+	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
+	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
+	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
+	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
+	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
+	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
+	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
+	0x3040, 0x3040,
+	0x3097, 0x3098,
+	0x3100, 0x3104,
+	0x3130, 0x3130,
+	0x318f, 0x318f,
+	0x31e6, 0x31ee,
+	0x321f, 0x321f,
+	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
+	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
+	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
+	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
+	0xa7dd, 0xa7f0,
+	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
+	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
+	0xa878, 0xa87f,
+	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
+	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
+	0xa954, 0xa95e,
+	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
+	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
+	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
+	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
+	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
+	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
+	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
+	0xaac3, 0xaada,
+	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
+	0xab07, 0xab08,
+	0xab0f, 0xab10,
+	0xab17, 0xab1f,
+	0xab27, 0xab27,
+	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
+	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
+	0xabee, 0xabef,
+	0xabfa, 0xabff,
+	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
+	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
+	0xd7fc, 0xf8ff,
+	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
+	0xfada, 0xfaff,
+	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
+	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
+	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
+	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
+	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
+	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
+	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
+	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
+	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
+	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
+	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
+	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
+	0xfefd, 0xff00,
+	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
+	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
+	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
+	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
+	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
+	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
+	0xffef, 0xfffb,
+	0xfffe, 0xffff,
+	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
+	0x10027, 0x10027,
+	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
+	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
+	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
+	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
+	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
+	0x10103, 0x10106,
+	0x10134, 0x10136,
+	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
+	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
+	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
+	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
+	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
+	0x102d1, 0x102df,
+	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
+	0x10324, 0x1032c,
+	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
+	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
+	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
+	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
+	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
+	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
+	0x104aa, 0x104af,
+	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
+	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
+	0x10528, 0x1052f,
+	0x10564, 0x1056e,
+	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
+	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
+	0x10593, 0x10593,
+	0x10596, 0x10596,
+	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
+	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
+	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
+	0x105bd, 0x105bf,
+	0x105f4, 0x105ff,
+	0x10737, 0x1073f,
+	0x10756, 0x1075f,
+	0x10768, 0x1077f,
+	0x10786, 0x10786,
+	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
+	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
+	0x10806, 0x10807,
+	0x10809, 0x10809,
+	0x10836, 0x10836,
+	0x10839, 0x1083b,
+	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
+	0x10856, 0x10856,
+	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
+	0x108b0, 0x108df,
+	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
+	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
+	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
+	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
+	0x1095a, 0x1097f,
+	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
+	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
+	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
+	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
+	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
+	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
+	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
+	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
+	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
+	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
+	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
+	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
+	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
+	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
+	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
+	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
+	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
+	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
+	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
+	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
+	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
+	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
+	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
+	0x10d3a, 0x10d3f,
+	0x10d66, 0x10d68,
+	0x10d86, 0x10d8d,
+	0x10d90, 0x10e5f,
+	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
+	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
+	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
+	0x10eb2, 0x10ec1,
+	0x10ec8, 0x10ecf,
+	0x10ed9, 0x10ef9,
+	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
+	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
+	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
+	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
+	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
+	0x1104e, 0x11051,
+	0x11076, 0x1107e,
+	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
+	0x110c3, 0x110cf,
+	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
+	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
+	0x11135, 0x11135,
+	0x11148, 0x1114f,
+	0x11177, 0x1117f,
+	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
+	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
+	0x11212, 0x11212,
+	0x11242, 0x1127f,
+	0x11287, 0x11287,
+	0x11289, 0x11289,
+	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
+	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
+	0x112aa, 0x112af,
+	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
+	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
+	0x11304, 0x11304,
+	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
+	0x11311, 0x11312,
+	0x11329, 0x11329,
+	0x11331, 0x11331,
+	0x11334, 0x11334,
+	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
+	0x11345, 0x11346,
+	0x11349, 0x1134a,
+	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
+	0x11351, 0x11356,
+	0x11358, 0x1135c,
+	0x11364, 0x11365,
+	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
+	0x11375, 0x1137f,
+	0x1138a, 0x1138a,
+	0x1138c, 0x1138d,
+	0x1138f, 0x1138f,
+	0x113b6, 0x113b6,
+	0x113c1, 0x113c1,
+	0x113c3, 0x113c4,
+	0x113c6, 0x113c6,
+	0x113cb, 0x113cb,
+	0x113d6, 0x113d6,
+	0x113d9, 0x113e0,
+	0x113e3, 0x113ff,
+	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
+	0x11462, 0x1147f,
+	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
+	0x114da, 0x1157f,
+	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
+	0x115de, 0x115ff,
+	0x11645, 0x1164f,
+	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
+	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
+	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
+	0x116ca, 0x116cf,
+	0x116e4, 0x116ff,
+	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
+	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
+	0x11747, 0x117ff,
+	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
+	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
+	0x11907, 0x11908,
+	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
+	0x11914, 0x11914,
+	0x11917, 0x11917,
+	0x11936, 0x11936,
+	0x11939, 0x1193a,
+	0x11947, 0x1194f,
+	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
+	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
+	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
+	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
+	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
+	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
+	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
+	0x11b0a, 0x11b5f,
+	0x11b68, 0x11bbf,
+	0x11be2, 0x11bef,
+	0x11bfa, 0x11bff,
+	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
+	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
+	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
+	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
+	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
+	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
+	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
+	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
+	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
+	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
+	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
+	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
+	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
+	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
+	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
+	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
+	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
+	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
+	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
+	0x11daa, 0x11daf,
+	0x11ddc, 0x11ddf,
+	0x11dea, 0x11edf,
+	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
+	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
+	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
+	0x11f5b, 0x11faf,
+	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
+	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
+	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
+	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
+	0x12475, 0x1247f,
+	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
+	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
+	0x13430, 0x1343f,
+	0x13456, 0x1345f,
+	0x143fb, 0x143ff,
+	0x14647, 0x160ff,
+	0x1613a, 0x167ff,
+	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
+	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
+	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
+	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
+	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
+	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
+	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
+	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
+	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
+	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
+	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
+	0x16b90, 0x16d3f,
+	0x16d7a, 0x16e3f,
+	0x16e9b, 0x16e9f,
+	0x16eb9, 0x16eba,
+	0x16ed4, 0x16eff,
+	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
+	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
+	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
+	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
+	0x16ff7, 0x16fff,
+	0x18cd6, 0x18cfe,
+	0x18d1f, 0x18d7f,
+	0x18df3, 0x1afef,
+	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
+	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
+	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
+	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
+	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
+	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
+	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
+	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
+	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
+	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
+	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
+	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
+	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1cbff,
+	0x1ccfd, 0x1ccff,
+	0x1ceb4, 0x1ceb9,
+	0x1ced1, 0x1cedf,
+	0x1cef1, 0x1ceff,
+	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
+	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
+	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
+	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
+	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
+	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
+	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
+	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
+	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
+	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
+	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
+	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
+	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
+	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
+	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
+	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
+	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
+	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
+	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
+	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
+	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
+	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
+	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
+	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
+	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
+	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
+	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
+	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
+	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
+	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
+	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
+	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
+	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
+	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
+	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
+	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
+	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
+	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
+	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
+	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
+	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
+	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
+	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
+	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
+	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
+	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
+	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
+	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
+	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
+	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
+	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
+	0x1e4fa, 0x1e5cf,
+	0x1e5fb, 0x1e5fe,
+	0x1e600, 0x1e6bf,
+	0x1e6df, 0x1e6df,
+	0x1e6f6, 0x1e6fd,
+	0x1e700, 0x1e7df,
+	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
+	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
+	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
+	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
+	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
+	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
+	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
+	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
+	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
+	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
+	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
+	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
+	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
+	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
+	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
+	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
+	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
+	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
+	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
+	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
+	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
+	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
+	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
+	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
+	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
+	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
+	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
+	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
+	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
+	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
+	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
+	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
+	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
+	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
+	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
+	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
+	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
+	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
+	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
+	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
+	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
+	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
+	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
+	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
+	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
+	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
+	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
+	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
+	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
+	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
+	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
+	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
+	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
+	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
+	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
+	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
+	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
+	0x1f6d9, 0x1f6db,
+	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
+	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
+	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
+	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
+	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
+	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
+	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
+	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
+	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
+	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
+	0x1f8bc, 0x1f8bf,
+	0x1f8c2, 0x1f8cf,
+	0x1f8d9, 0x1f8ff,
+	0x1fa58, 0x1fa5f,
+	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
+	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
+	0x1fa8b, 0x1fa8d,
+	0x1fac7, 0x1fac7,
+	0x1fac9, 0x1facc,
+	0x1fadd, 0x1fade,
+	0x1faeb, 0x1faee,
+	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
+	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
+	0x1fbfb, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
+	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
+	0x2ceae, 0x2ceaf,
+	0x2ebe1, 0x2ebef,
+	0x2ee5e, 0x2f7ff,
+	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
+	0x3347a, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_C */
+
+/* 'Cc': General Category */
+#define CR_Cc CR_Cntrl
+
+/* 'Cf': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cf[] = {
+	21,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x0600, 0x0605,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
+	0x070f, 0x070f,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
+	0x180e, 0x180e,
+	0x200b, 0x200f,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2060, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x206f,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffb,
+	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x13430, 0x1343f,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+}; /* CR_Cf */
+
+/* 'Cn': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cn[] = {
+	735,
+	0x0378, 0x0379,
+	0x0380, 0x0383,
+	0x038b, 0x038b,
+	0x038d, 0x038d,
+	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
+	0x0530, 0x0530,
+	0x0557, 0x0558,
+	0x058b, 0x058c,
+	0x0590, 0x0590,
+	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
+	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
+	0x05f5, 0x05ff,
+	0x070e, 0x070e,
+	0x074b, 0x074c,
+	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
+	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
+	0x082e, 0x082f,
+	0x083f, 0x083f,
+	0x085c, 0x085d,
+	0x085f, 0x085f,
+	0x086b, 0x086f,
+	0x0892, 0x0896,
+	0x0984, 0x0984,
+	0x098d, 0x098e,
+	0x0991, 0x0992,
+	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
+	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
+	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
+	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
+	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
+	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
+	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
+	0x09d8, 0x09db,
+	0x09de, 0x09de,
+	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
+	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
+	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
+	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
+	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
+	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
+	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
+	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
+	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
+	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
+	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
+	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
+	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
+	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
+	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
+	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
+	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
+	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
+	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
+	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
+	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
+	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
+	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
+	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
+	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
+	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
+	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
+	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
+	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
+	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
+	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
+	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
+	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
+	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
+	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
+	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
+	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
+	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
+	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
+	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
+	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
+	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
+	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
+	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
+	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
+	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
+	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
+	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
+	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
+	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
+	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
+	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
+	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
+	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
+	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
+	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
+	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
+	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
+	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
+	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
+	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
+	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
+	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
+	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
+	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
+	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
+	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
+	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
+	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
+	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
+	0x0c5b, 0x0c5b,
+	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
+	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
+	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
+	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
+	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
+	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
+	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
+	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
+	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
+	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
+	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
+	0x0cd7, 0x0cdb,
+	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
+	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
+	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
+	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
+	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
+	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
+	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
+	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
+	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
+	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
+	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
+	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
+	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
+	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
+	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
+	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
+	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
+	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
+	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
+	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
+	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
+	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
+	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
+	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
+	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
+	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
+	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
+	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
+	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
+	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
+	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
+	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
+	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
+	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
+	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
+	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
+	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
+	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
+	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
+	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
+	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
+	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
+	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
+	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
+	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
+	0x1249, 0x1249,
+	0x124e, 0x124f,
+	0x1257, 0x1257,
+	0x1259, 0x1259,
+	0x125e, 0x125f,
+	0x1289, 0x1289,
+	0x128e, 0x128f,
+	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
+	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
+	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
+	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
+	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
+	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
+	0x1311, 0x1311,
+	0x1316, 0x1317,
+	0x135b, 0x135c,
+	0x137d, 0x137f,
+	0x139a, 0x139f,
+	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
+	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
+	0x169d, 0x169f,
+	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
+	0x1716, 0x171e,
+	0x1737, 0x173f,
+	0x1754, 0x175f,
+	0x176d, 0x176d,
+	0x1771, 0x1771,
+	0x1774, 0x177f,
+	0x17de, 0x17df,
+	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
+	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
+	0x181a, 0x181f,
+	0x1879, 0x187f,
+	0x18ab, 0x18af,
+	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
+	0x191f, 0x191f,
+	0x192c, 0x192f,
+	0x193c, 0x193f,
+	0x1941, 0x1943,
+	0x196e, 0x196f,
+	0x1975, 0x197f,
+	0x19ac, 0x19af,
+	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
+	0x19db, 0x19dd,
+	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
+	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
+	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
+	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
+	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
+	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
+	0x1ade, 0x1adf,
+	0x1aec, 0x1aff,
+	0x1b4d, 0x1b4d,
+	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
+	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
+	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
+	0x1c8b, 0x1c8f,
+	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
+	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
+	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
+	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
+	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
+	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
+	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
+	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
+	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
+	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
+	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
+	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
+	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
+	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
+	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
+	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
+	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
+	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
+	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
+	0x2065, 0x2065,
+	0x2072, 0x2073,
+	0x208f, 0x208f,
+	0x209d, 0x209f,
+	0x20c2, 0x20cf,
+	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
+	0x218c, 0x218f,
+	0x242a, 0x243f,
+	0x244b, 0x245f,
+	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
+	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
+	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
+	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
+	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
+	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
+	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
+	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
+	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
+	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
+	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
+	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
+	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
+	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
+	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
+	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
+	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
+	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
+	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
+	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
+	0x3040, 0x3040,
+	0x3097, 0x3098,
+	0x3100, 0x3104,
+	0x3130, 0x3130,
+	0x318f, 0x318f,
+	0x31e6, 0x31ee,
+	0x321f, 0x321f,
+	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
+	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
+	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
+	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
+	0xa7dd, 0xa7f0,
+	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
+	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
+	0xa878, 0xa87f,
+	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
+	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
+	0xa954, 0xa95e,
+	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
+	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
+	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
+	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
+	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
+	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
+	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
+	0xaac3, 0xaada,
+	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
+	0xab07, 0xab08,
+	0xab0f, 0xab10,
+	0xab17, 0xab1f,
+	0xab27, 0xab27,
+	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
+	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
+	0xabee, 0xabef,
+	0xabfa, 0xabff,
+	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
+	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
+	0xd7fc, 0xd7ff,
+	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
+	0xfada, 0xfaff,
+	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
+	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
+	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
+	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
+	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
+	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
+	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
+	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
+	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
+	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
+	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
+	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
+	0xfefd, 0xfefe,
+	0xff00, 0xff00,
+	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
+	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
+	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
+	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
+	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
+	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
+	0xffef, 0xfff8,
+	0xfffe, 0xffff,
+	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
+	0x10027, 0x10027,
+	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
+	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
+	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
+	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
+	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
+	0x10103, 0x10106,
+	0x10134, 0x10136,
+	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
+	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
+	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
+	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
+	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
+	0x102d1, 0x102df,
+	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
+	0x10324, 0x1032c,
+	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
+	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
+	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
+	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
+	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
+	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
+	0x104aa, 0x104af,
+	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
+	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
+	0x10528, 0x1052f,
+	0x10564, 0x1056e,
+	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
+	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
+	0x10593, 0x10593,
+	0x10596, 0x10596,
+	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
+	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
+	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
+	0x105bd, 0x105bf,
+	0x105f4, 0x105ff,
+	0x10737, 0x1073f,
+	0x10756, 0x1075f,
+	0x10768, 0x1077f,
+	0x10786, 0x10786,
+	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
+	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
+	0x10806, 0x10807,
+	0x10809, 0x10809,
+	0x10836, 0x10836,
+	0x10839, 0x1083b,
+	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
+	0x10856, 0x10856,
+	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
+	0x108b0, 0x108df,
+	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
+	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
+	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
+	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
+	0x1095a, 0x1097f,
+	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
+	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
+	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
+	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
+	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
+	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
+	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
+	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
+	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
+	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
+	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
+	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
+	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
+	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
+	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
+	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
+	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
+	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
+	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
+	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
+	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
+	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
+	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
+	0x10d3a, 0x10d3f,
+	0x10d66, 0x10d68,
+	0x10d86, 0x10d8d,
+	0x10d90, 0x10e5f,
+	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
+	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
+	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
+	0x10eb2, 0x10ec1,
+	0x10ec8, 0x10ecf,
+	0x10ed9, 0x10ef9,
+	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
+	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
+	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
+	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
+	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
+	0x1104e, 0x11051,
+	0x11076, 0x1107e,
+	0x110c3, 0x110cc,
+	0x110ce, 0x110cf,
+	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
+	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
+	0x11135, 0x11135,
+	0x11148, 0x1114f,
+	0x11177, 0x1117f,
+	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
+	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
+	0x11212, 0x11212,
+	0x11242, 0x1127f,
+	0x11287, 0x11287,
+	0x11289, 0x11289,
+	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
+	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
+	0x112aa, 0x112af,
+	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
+	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
+	0x11304, 0x11304,
+	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
+	0x11311, 0x11312,
+	0x11329, 0x11329,
+	0x11331, 0x11331,
+	0x11334, 0x11334,
+	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
+	0x11345, 0x11346,
+	0x11349, 0x1134a,
+	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
+	0x11351, 0x11356,
+	0x11358, 0x1135c,
+	0x11364, 0x11365,
+	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
+	0x11375, 0x1137f,
+	0x1138a, 0x1138a,
+	0x1138c, 0x1138d,
+	0x1138f, 0x1138f,
+	0x113b6, 0x113b6,
+	0x113c1, 0x113c1,
+	0x113c3, 0x113c4,
+	0x113c6, 0x113c6,
+	0x113cb, 0x113cb,
+	0x113d6, 0x113d6,
+	0x113d9, 0x113e0,
+	0x113e3, 0x113ff,
+	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
+	0x11462, 0x1147f,
+	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
+	0x114da, 0x1157f,
+	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
+	0x115de, 0x115ff,
+	0x11645, 0x1164f,
+	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
+	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
+	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
+	0x116ca, 0x116cf,
+	0x116e4, 0x116ff,
+	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
+	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
+	0x11747, 0x117ff,
+	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
+	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
+	0x11907, 0x11908,
+	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
+	0x11914, 0x11914,
+	0x11917, 0x11917,
+	0x11936, 0x11936,
+	0x11939, 0x1193a,
+	0x11947, 0x1194f,
+	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
+	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
+	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
+	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
+	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
+	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
+	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
+	0x11b0a, 0x11b5f,
+	0x11b68, 0x11bbf,
+	0x11be2, 0x11bef,
+	0x11bfa, 0x11bff,
+	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
+	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
+	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
+	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
+	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
+	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
+	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
+	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
+	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
+	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
+	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
+	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
+	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
+	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
+	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
+	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
+	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
+	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
+	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
+	0x11daa, 0x11daf,
+	0x11ddc, 0x11ddf,
+	0x11dea, 0x11edf,
+	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
+	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
+	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
+	0x11f5b, 0x11faf,
+	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
+	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
+	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
+	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
+	0x12475, 0x1247f,
+	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
+	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
+	0x13456, 0x1345f,
+	0x143fb, 0x143ff,
+	0x14647, 0x160ff,
+	0x1613a, 0x167ff,
+	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
+	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
+	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
+	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
+	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
+	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
+	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
+	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
+	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
+	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
+	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
+	0x16b90, 0x16d3f,
+	0x16d7a, 0x16e3f,
+	0x16e9b, 0x16e9f,
+	0x16eb9, 0x16eba,
+	0x16ed4, 0x16eff,
+	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
+	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
+	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
+	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
+	0x16ff7, 0x16fff,
+	0x18cd6, 0x18cfe,
+	0x18d1f, 0x18d7f,
+	0x18df3, 0x1afef,
+	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
+	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
+	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
+	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
+	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
+	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
+	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
+	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
+	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
+	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
+	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
+	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
+	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
+	0x1bca4, 0x1cbff,
+	0x1ccfd, 0x1ccff,
+	0x1ceb4, 0x1ceb9,
+	0x1ced1, 0x1cedf,
+	0x1cef1, 0x1ceff,
+	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
+	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
+	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
+	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
+	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
+	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
+	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
+	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
+	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
+	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
+	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
+	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
+	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
+	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
+	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
+	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
+	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
+	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
+	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
+	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
+	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
+	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
+	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
+	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
+	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
+	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
+	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
+	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
+	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
+	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
+	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
+	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
+	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
+	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
+	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
+	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
+	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
+	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
+	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
+	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
+	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
+	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
+	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
+	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
+	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
+	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
+	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
+	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
+	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
+	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
+	0x1e4fa, 0x1e5cf,
+	0x1e5fb, 0x1e5fe,
+	0x1e600, 0x1e6bf,
+	0x1e6df, 0x1e6df,
+	0x1e6f6, 0x1e6fd,
+	0x1e700, 0x1e7df,
+	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
+	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
+	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
+	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
+	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
+	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
+	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
+	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
+	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
+	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
+	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
+	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
+	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
+	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
+	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
+	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
+	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
+	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
+	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
+	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
+	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
+	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
+	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
+	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
+	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
+	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
+	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
+	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
+	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
+	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
+	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
+	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
+	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
+	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
+	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
+	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
+	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
+	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
+	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
+	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
+	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
+	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
+	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
+	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
+	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
+	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
+	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
+	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
+	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
+	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
+	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
+	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
+	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
+	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
+	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
+	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
+	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
+	0x1f6d9, 0x1f6db,
+	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
+	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
+	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
+	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
+	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
+	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
+	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
+	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
+	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
+	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
+	0x1f8bc, 0x1f8bf,
+	0x1f8c2, 0x1f8cf,
+	0x1f8d9, 0x1f8ff,
+	0x1fa58, 0x1fa5f,
+	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
+	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
+	0x1fa8b, 0x1fa8d,
+	0x1fac7, 0x1fac7,
+	0x1fac9, 0x1facc,
+	0x1fadd, 0x1fade,
+	0x1faeb, 0x1faee,
+	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
+	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
+	0x1fbfb, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
+	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
+	0x2ceae, 0x2ceaf,
+	0x2ebe1, 0x2ebef,
+	0x2ee5e, 0x2f7ff,
+	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
+	0x3347a, 0xe0000,
+	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
+	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0xeffff,
+	0xffffe, 0xfffff,
+	0x10fffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Cn */
+
+/* 'Co': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Co[] = {
+	3,
+	0xe000, 0xf8ff,
+	0xf0000, 0xffffd,
+	0x100000, 0x10fffd,
+}; /* CR_Co */
+
+/* 'Cs': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cs[] = {
+	1,
+	0xd800, 0xdfff,
+}; /* CR_Cs */
+
+/* 'L': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_L[] = {
+	684,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0370, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0620, 0x064a,
+	0x066e, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
+	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x0710,
+	0x0712, 0x072f,
+	0x074d, 0x07a5,
+	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
+	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x0815,
+	0x081a, 0x081a,
+	0x0824, 0x0824,
+	0x0828, 0x0828,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x0904, 0x0939,
+	0x093d, 0x093d,
+	0x0950, 0x0950,
+	0x0958, 0x0961,
+	0x0971, 0x0980,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e1,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
+	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
+	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+	0x1000, 0x102a,
+	0x103f, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x1055,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1061,
+	0x1065, 0x1066,
+	0x106e, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x108e, 0x108e,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16f1, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1711,
+	0x171f, 0x1731,
+	0x1740, 0x1751,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x1884,
+	0x1887, 0x18a8,
+	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2183, 0x2184,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3006,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x303b, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa61f,
+	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6e5,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa801,
+	0xa803, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa80a,
+	0xa80c, 0xa822,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
+	0xa90a, 0xa925,
+	0xa930, 0xa946,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
+	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
+	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabe2,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
+	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x10340,
+	0x10342, 0x10349,
+	0x10350, 0x10375,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
+	0x10d4a, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11003, 0x11037,
+	0x11071, 0x11072,
+	0x11075, 0x11075,
+	0x11083, 0x110af,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x11144, 0x11144,
+	0x11147, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11183, 0x111b2,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111da, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1122b,
+	0x1123f, 0x11240,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112de,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x1135d, 0x11361,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113b7,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11434,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114af,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x11580, 0x115ae,
+	0x115d8, 0x115db,
+	0x11600, 0x1162f,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11680, 0x116aa,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1182b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
+	0x11941, 0x11941,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
+	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1611d,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
+	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff3,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5f0,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6e2,
+	0x1e6e4, 0x1e6e5,
+	0x1e6e7, 0x1e6ed,
+	0x1e6f0, 0x1e6f4,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_L */
+
+/* 'LC': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_LC[] = {
+	144,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x01ba,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c4, 0x0293,
+	0x0296, 0x02af,
+	0x0370, 0x0373,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1d00, 0x1d2b,
+	0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
+	0x1d79, 0x1d9a,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2134,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2183, 0x2184,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c7b,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa640, 0xa66d,
+	0xa680, 0xa69b,
+	0xa722, 0xa76f,
+	0xa771, 0xa787,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f6,
+	0xa7fa, 0xa7fa,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab60, 0xab68,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10400, 0x1044f,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
+	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_LC */
+
+/* 'Ll': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ll[] = {
+	664,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00df, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
+	0x0101, 0x0101,
+	0x0103, 0x0103,
+	0x0105, 0x0105,
+	0x0107, 0x0107,
+	0x0109, 0x0109,
+	0x010b, 0x010b,
+	0x010d, 0x010d,
+	0x010f, 0x010f,
+	0x0111, 0x0111,
+	0x0113, 0x0113,
+	0x0115, 0x0115,
+	0x0117, 0x0117,
+	0x0119, 0x0119,
+	0x011b, 0x011b,
+	0x011d, 0x011d,
+	0x011f, 0x011f,
+	0x0121, 0x0121,
+	0x0123, 0x0123,
+	0x0125, 0x0125,
+	0x0127, 0x0127,
+	0x0129, 0x0129,
+	0x012b, 0x012b,
+	0x012d, 0x012d,
+	0x012f, 0x012f,
+	0x0131, 0x0131,
+	0x0133, 0x0133,
+	0x0135, 0x0135,
+	0x0137, 0x0138,
+	0x013a, 0x013a,
+	0x013c, 0x013c,
+	0x013e, 0x013e,
+	0x0140, 0x0140,
+	0x0142, 0x0142,
+	0x0144, 0x0144,
+	0x0146, 0x0146,
+	0x0148, 0x0149,
+	0x014b, 0x014b,
+	0x014d, 0x014d,
+	0x014f, 0x014f,
+	0x0151, 0x0151,
+	0x0153, 0x0153,
+	0x0155, 0x0155,
+	0x0157, 0x0157,
+	0x0159, 0x0159,
+	0x015b, 0x015b,
+	0x015d, 0x015d,
+	0x015f, 0x015f,
+	0x0161, 0x0161,
+	0x0163, 0x0163,
+	0x0165, 0x0165,
+	0x0167, 0x0167,
+	0x0169, 0x0169,
+	0x016b, 0x016b,
+	0x016d, 0x016d,
+	0x016f, 0x016f,
+	0x0171, 0x0171,
+	0x0173, 0x0173,
+	0x0175, 0x0175,
+	0x0177, 0x0177,
+	0x017a, 0x017a,
+	0x017c, 0x017c,
+	0x017e, 0x0180,
+	0x0183, 0x0183,
+	0x0185, 0x0185,
+	0x0188, 0x0188,
+	0x018c, 0x018d,
+	0x0192, 0x0192,
+	0x0195, 0x0195,
+	0x0199, 0x019b,
+	0x019e, 0x019e,
+	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
+	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
+	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
+	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
+	0x01aa, 0x01ab,
+	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
+	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
+	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
+	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
+	0x01b9, 0x01ba,
+	0x01bd, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c6, 0x01c6,
+	0x01c9, 0x01c9,
+	0x01cc, 0x01cc,
+	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
+	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
+	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
+	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
+	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
+	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
+	0x01da, 0x01da,
+	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
+	0x01df, 0x01df,
+	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
+	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
+	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
+	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
+	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
+	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
+	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
+	0x01ef, 0x01f0,
+	0x01f3, 0x01f3,
+	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
+	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
+	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
+	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
+	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
+	0x0201, 0x0201,
+	0x0203, 0x0203,
+	0x0205, 0x0205,
+	0x0207, 0x0207,
+	0x0209, 0x0209,
+	0x020b, 0x020b,
+	0x020d, 0x020d,
+	0x020f, 0x020f,
+	0x0211, 0x0211,
+	0x0213, 0x0213,
+	0x0215, 0x0215,
+	0x0217, 0x0217,
+	0x0219, 0x0219,
+	0x021b, 0x021b,
+	0x021d, 0x021d,
+	0x021f, 0x021f,
+	0x0221, 0x0221,
+	0x0223, 0x0223,
+	0x0225, 0x0225,
+	0x0227, 0x0227,
+	0x0229, 0x0229,
+	0x022b, 0x022b,
+	0x022d, 0x022d,
+	0x022f, 0x022f,
+	0x0231, 0x0231,
+	0x0233, 0x0239,
+	0x023c, 0x023c,
+	0x023f, 0x0240,
+	0x0242, 0x0242,
+	0x0247, 0x0247,
+	0x0249, 0x0249,
+	0x024b, 0x024b,
+	0x024d, 0x024d,
+	0x024f, 0x0293,
+	0x0296, 0x02af,
+	0x0371, 0x0371,
+	0x0373, 0x0373,
+	0x0377, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x0390, 0x0390,
+	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
+	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
+	0x03db, 0x03db,
+	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
+	0x03df, 0x03df,
+	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
+	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
+	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
+	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
+	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
+	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
+	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
+	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
+	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
+	0x03fb, 0x03fc,
+	0x0430, 0x045f,
+	0x0461, 0x0461,
+	0x0463, 0x0463,
+	0x0465, 0x0465,
+	0x0467, 0x0467,
+	0x0469, 0x0469,
+	0x046b, 0x046b,
+	0x046d, 0x046d,
+	0x046f, 0x046f,
+	0x0471, 0x0471,
+	0x0473, 0x0473,
+	0x0475, 0x0475,
+	0x0477, 0x0477,
+	0x0479, 0x0479,
+	0x047b, 0x047b,
+	0x047d, 0x047d,
+	0x047f, 0x047f,
+	0x0481, 0x0481,
+	0x048b, 0x048b,
+	0x048d, 0x048d,
+	0x048f, 0x048f,
+	0x0491, 0x0491,
+	0x0493, 0x0493,
+	0x0495, 0x0495,
+	0x0497, 0x0497,
+	0x0499, 0x0499,
+	0x049b, 0x049b,
+	0x049d, 0x049d,
+	0x049f, 0x049f,
+	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
+	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
+	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
+	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
+	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
+	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
+	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
+	0x04af, 0x04af,
+	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
+	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
+	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
+	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
+	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
+	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
+	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
+	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
+	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
+	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
+	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
+	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
+	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
+	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
+	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
+	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
+	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
+	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
+	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
+	0x04db, 0x04db,
+	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
+	0x04df, 0x04df,
+	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
+	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
+	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
+	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
+	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
+	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
+	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
+	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
+	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
+	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
+	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
+	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
+	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
+	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
+	0x0501, 0x0501,
+	0x0503, 0x0503,
+	0x0505, 0x0505,
+	0x0507, 0x0507,
+	0x0509, 0x0509,
+	0x050b, 0x050b,
+	0x050d, 0x050d,
+	0x050f, 0x050f,
+	0x0511, 0x0511,
+	0x0513, 0x0513,
+	0x0515, 0x0515,
+	0x0517, 0x0517,
+	0x0519, 0x0519,
+	0x051b, 0x051b,
+	0x051d, 0x051d,
+	0x051f, 0x051f,
+	0x0521, 0x0521,
+	0x0523, 0x0523,
+	0x0525, 0x0525,
+	0x0527, 0x0527,
+	0x0529, 0x0529,
+	0x052b, 0x052b,
+	0x052d, 0x052d,
+	0x052f, 0x052f,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c8a, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1d00, 0x1d2b,
+	0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
+	0x1d79, 0x1d9a,
+	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
+	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
+	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
+	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
+	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
+	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
+	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
+	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
+	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
+	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
+	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
+	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
+	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
+	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
+	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
+	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
+	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
+	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
+	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
+	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
+	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
+	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
+	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
+	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
+	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
+	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
+	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
+	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
+	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
+	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
+	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
+	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
+	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
+	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
+	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
+	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
+	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
+	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
+	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
+	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
+	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
+	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
+	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
+	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
+	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
+	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
+	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
+	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
+	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
+	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
+	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
+	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
+	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
+	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
+	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
+	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
+	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
+	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
+	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
+	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
+	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
+	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
+	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
+	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
+	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
+	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
+	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
+	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
+	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
+	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
+	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
+	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
+	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
+	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
+	0x1e95, 0x1e9d,
+	0x1e9f, 0x1e9f,
+	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
+	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
+	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
+	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
+	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
+	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
+	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
+	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
+	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
+	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
+	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
+	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
+	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
+	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
+	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
+	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
+	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
+	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
+	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
+	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
+	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
+	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
+	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
+	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
+	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
+	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
+	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
+	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
+	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
+	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
+	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
+	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
+	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
+	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
+	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
+	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
+	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
+	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
+	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
+	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
+	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
+	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
+	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
+	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
+	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
+	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
+	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
+	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
+	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
+	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
+	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1f87,
+	0x1f90, 0x1f97,
+	0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
+	0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
+	0x210a, 0x210a,
+	0x210e, 0x210f,
+	0x2113, 0x2113,
+	0x212f, 0x212f,
+	0x2134, 0x2134,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213d,
+	0x2146, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2184, 0x2184,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
+	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
+	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
+	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
+	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
+	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
+	0x2c71, 0x2c71,
+	0x2c73, 0x2c74,
+	0x2c76, 0x2c7b,
+	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
+	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
+	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
+	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
+	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
+	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
+	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
+	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
+	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
+	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
+	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
+	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
+	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
+	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
+	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
+	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
+	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
+	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
+	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
+	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
+	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
+	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
+	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
+	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
+	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
+	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
+	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
+	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
+	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
+	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
+	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
+	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
+	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
+	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
+	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
+	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
+	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
+	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
+	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
+	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
+	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
+	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
+	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
+	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
+	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
+	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
+	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
+	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
+	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
+	0x2ce3, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
+	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa641, 0xa641,
+	0xa643, 0xa643,
+	0xa645, 0xa645,
+	0xa647, 0xa647,
+	0xa649, 0xa649,
+	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
+	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
+	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
+	0xa651, 0xa651,
+	0xa653, 0xa653,
+	0xa655, 0xa655,
+	0xa657, 0xa657,
+	0xa659, 0xa659,
+	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
+	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
+	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
+	0xa661, 0xa661,
+	0xa663, 0xa663,
+	0xa665, 0xa665,
+	0xa667, 0xa667,
+	0xa669, 0xa669,
+	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
+	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
+	0xa681, 0xa681,
+	0xa683, 0xa683,
+	0xa685, 0xa685,
+	0xa687, 0xa687,
+	0xa689, 0xa689,
+	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
+	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
+	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
+	0xa691, 0xa691,
+	0xa693, 0xa693,
+	0xa695, 0xa695,
+	0xa697, 0xa697,
+	0xa699, 0xa699,
+	0xa69b, 0xa69b,
+	0xa723, 0xa723,
+	0xa725, 0xa725,
+	0xa727, 0xa727,
+	0xa729, 0xa729,
+	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
+	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
+	0xa72f, 0xa731,
+	0xa733, 0xa733,
+	0xa735, 0xa735,
+	0xa737, 0xa737,
+	0xa739, 0xa739,
+	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
+	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
+	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
+	0xa741, 0xa741,
+	0xa743, 0xa743,
+	0xa745, 0xa745,
+	0xa747, 0xa747,
+	0xa749, 0xa749,
+	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
+	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
+	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
+	0xa751, 0xa751,
+	0xa753, 0xa753,
+	0xa755, 0xa755,
+	0xa757, 0xa757,
+	0xa759, 0xa759,
+	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
+	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
+	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
+	0xa761, 0xa761,
+	0xa763, 0xa763,
+	0xa765, 0xa765,
+	0xa767, 0xa767,
+	0xa769, 0xa769,
+	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
+	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
+	0xa76f, 0xa76f,
+	0xa771, 0xa778,
+	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
+	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
+	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
+	0xa781, 0xa781,
+	0xa783, 0xa783,
+	0xa785, 0xa785,
+	0xa787, 0xa787,
+	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
+	0xa78e, 0xa78e,
+	0xa791, 0xa791,
+	0xa793, 0xa795,
+	0xa797, 0xa797,
+	0xa799, 0xa799,
+	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
+	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
+	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
+	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
+	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
+	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
+	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
+	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
+	0xa7af, 0xa7af,
+	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
+	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
+	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
+	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
+	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
+	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
+	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
+	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7cd, 0xa7cd,
+	0xa7cf, 0xa7cf,
+	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
+	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
+	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7db, 0xa7db,
+	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
+	0xa7fa, 0xa7fa,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab60, 0xab68,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10428, 0x1044f,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118c0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1d41a, 0x1d433,
+	0x1d44e, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d467,
+	0x1d482, 0x1d49b,
+	0x1d4b6, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d4cf,
+	0x1d4ea, 0x1d503,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d537,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d56b,
+	0x1d586, 0x1d59f,
+	0x1d5ba, 0x1d5d3,
+	0x1d5ee, 0x1d607,
+	0x1d622, 0x1d63b,
+	0x1d656, 0x1d66f,
+	0x1d68a, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6e1,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d71b,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d755,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d78f,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7cb, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
+	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_Ll */
+
+/* 'Lm': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lm[] = {
+	79,
+	0x02b0, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0374, 0x0374,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0640, 0x0640,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x081a, 0x081a,
+	0x0824, 0x0824,
+	0x0828, 0x0828,
+	0x08c9, 0x08c9,
+	0x0971, 0x0971,
+	0x0e46, 0x0e46,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x1843, 0x1843,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
+	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
+	0x1d9b, 0x1dbf,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3005,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x303b, 0x303b,
+	0x309d, 0x309e,
+	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
+	0xa015, 0xa015,
+	0xa4f8, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
+	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
+	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa770, 0xa770,
+	0xa788, 0xa788,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f4,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9e6,
+	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
+	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
+	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
+	0xab5c, 0xab5f,
+	0xab69, 0xab69,
+	0xff70, 0xff70,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10d4e, 0x10d4e,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d6f,
+	0x10ec5, 0x10ec5,
+	0x11dd9, 0x11dd9,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d42,
+	0x16d6b, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff3,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e4eb, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e6ff, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+}; /* CR_Lm */
+
+/* 'Lo': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lo[] = {
+	537,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x01bb, 0x01bb,
+	0x01c0, 0x01c3,
+	0x0294, 0x0295,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0620, 0x063f,
+	0x0641, 0x064a,
+	0x066e, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
+	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
+	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x0710,
+	0x0712, 0x072f,
+	0x074d, 0x07a5,
+	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
+	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+	0x0800, 0x0815,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c8,
+	0x0904, 0x0939,
+	0x093d, 0x093d,
+	0x0950, 0x0950,
+	0x0958, 0x0961,
+	0x0972, 0x0980,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e1,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e45,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
+	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
+	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+	0x1000, 0x102a,
+	0x103f, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x1055,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1061,
+	0x1065, 0x1066,
+	0x106e, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x108e, 0x108e,
+	0x1100, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16f1, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1711,
+	0x171f, 0x1731,
+	0x1740, 0x1751,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x1820, 0x1842,
+	0x1844, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x1884,
+	0x1887, 0x18a8,
+	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+	0x1c5a, 0x1c77,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x2135, 0x2138,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x3006, 0x3006,
+	0x303c, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309f, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30ff, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa014,
+	0xa016, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4f7,
+	0xa500, 0xa60b,
+	0xa610, 0xa61f,
+	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+	0xa66e, 0xa66e,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6e5,
+	0xa78f, 0xa78f,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa7f7,
+	0xa7fb, 0xa801,
+	0xa803, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa80a,
+	0xa80c, 0xa822,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
+	0xa90a, 0xa925,
+	0xa930, 0xa946,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e7, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa6f,
+	0xaa71, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
+	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
+	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadc,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf2,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xabc0, 0xabe2,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
+	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff66, 0xff6f,
+	0xff71, 0xff9d,
+	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x10340,
+	0x10342, 0x10349,
+	0x10350, 0x10375,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x10450, 0x1049d,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
+	0x10d4a, 0x10d4d,
+	0x10d4f, 0x10d4f,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec4,
+	0x10ec6, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11003, 0x11037,
+	0x11071, 0x11072,
+	0x11075, 0x11075,
+	0x11083, 0x110af,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x11144, 0x11144,
+	0x11147, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11183, 0x111b2,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111da, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1122b,
+	0x1123f, 0x11240,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112de,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x1135d, 0x11361,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113b7,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11434,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114af,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x11580, 0x115ae,
+	0x115d8, 0x115db,
+	0x11600, 0x1162f,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11680, 0x116aa,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1182b,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
+	0x11941, 0x11941,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11db0, 0x11dd8,
+	0x11dda, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
+	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1611d,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d43, 0x16d6a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1df0a, 0x1df0a,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4ea,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5f0,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6e2,
+	0x1e6e4, 0x1e6e5,
+	0x1e6e7, 0x1e6ed,
+	0x1e6f0, 0x1e6f4,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6fe,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Lo */
+
+/* 'Lt': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lt[] = {
+	10,
+	0x01c5, 0x01c5,
+	0x01c8, 0x01c8,
+	0x01cb, 0x01cb,
+	0x01f2, 0x01f2,
+	0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
+	0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
+	0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
+	0x1fbc, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fcc, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1ffc, 0x1ffc,
+}; /* CR_Lt */
+
+/* 'Lu': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lu[] = {
+	655,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00de,
+	0x0100, 0x0100,
+	0x0102, 0x0102,
+	0x0104, 0x0104,
+	0x0106, 0x0106,
+	0x0108, 0x0108,
+	0x010a, 0x010a,
+	0x010c, 0x010c,
+	0x010e, 0x010e,
+	0x0110, 0x0110,
+	0x0112, 0x0112,
+	0x0114, 0x0114,
+	0x0116, 0x0116,
+	0x0118, 0x0118,
+	0x011a, 0x011a,
+	0x011c, 0x011c,
+	0x011e, 0x011e,
+	0x0120, 0x0120,
+	0x0122, 0x0122,
+	0x0124, 0x0124,
+	0x0126, 0x0126,
+	0x0128, 0x0128,
+	0x012a, 0x012a,
+	0x012c, 0x012c,
+	0x012e, 0x012e,
+	0x0130, 0x0130,
+	0x0132, 0x0132,
+	0x0134, 0x0134,
+	0x0136, 0x0136,
+	0x0139, 0x0139,
+	0x013b, 0x013b,
+	0x013d, 0x013d,
+	0x013f, 0x013f,
+	0x0141, 0x0141,
+	0x0143, 0x0143,
+	0x0145, 0x0145,
+	0x0147, 0x0147,
+	0x014a, 0x014a,
+	0x014c, 0x014c,
+	0x014e, 0x014e,
+	0x0150, 0x0150,
+	0x0152, 0x0152,
+	0x0154, 0x0154,
+	0x0156, 0x0156,
+	0x0158, 0x0158,
+	0x015a, 0x015a,
+	0x015c, 0x015c,
+	0x015e, 0x015e,
+	0x0160, 0x0160,
+	0x0162, 0x0162,
+	0x0164, 0x0164,
+	0x0166, 0x0166,
+	0x0168, 0x0168,
+	0x016a, 0x016a,
+	0x016c, 0x016c,
+	0x016e, 0x016e,
+	0x0170, 0x0170,
+	0x0172, 0x0172,
+	0x0174, 0x0174,
+	0x0176, 0x0176,
+	0x0178, 0x0179,
+	0x017b, 0x017b,
+	0x017d, 0x017d,
+	0x0181, 0x0182,
+	0x0184, 0x0184,
+	0x0186, 0x0187,
+	0x0189, 0x018b,
+	0x018e, 0x0191,
+	0x0193, 0x0194,
+	0x0196, 0x0198,
+	0x019c, 0x019d,
+	0x019f, 0x01a0,
+	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
+	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
+	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
+	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
+	0x01ae, 0x01af,
+	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
+	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
+	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
+	0x01c7, 0x01c7,
+	0x01ca, 0x01ca,
+	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
+	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
+	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
+	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
+	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
+	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
+	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
+	0x01db, 0x01db,
+	0x01de, 0x01de,
+	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
+	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
+	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
+	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
+	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
+	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
+	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
+	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
+	0x01f1, 0x01f1,
+	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
+	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
+	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
+	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
+	0x0200, 0x0200,
+	0x0202, 0x0202,
+	0x0204, 0x0204,
+	0x0206, 0x0206,
+	0x0208, 0x0208,
+	0x020a, 0x020a,
+	0x020c, 0x020c,
+	0x020e, 0x020e,
+	0x0210, 0x0210,
+	0x0212, 0x0212,
+	0x0214, 0x0214,
+	0x0216, 0x0216,
+	0x0218, 0x0218,
+	0x021a, 0x021a,
+	0x021c, 0x021c,
+	0x021e, 0x021e,
+	0x0220, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0222,
+	0x0224, 0x0224,
+	0x0226, 0x0226,
+	0x0228, 0x0228,
+	0x022a, 0x022a,
+	0x022c, 0x022c,
+	0x022e, 0x022e,
+	0x0230, 0x0230,
+	0x0232, 0x0232,
+	0x023a, 0x023b,
+	0x023d, 0x023e,
+	0x0241, 0x0241,
+	0x0243, 0x0246,
+	0x0248, 0x0248,
+	0x024a, 0x024a,
+	0x024c, 0x024c,
+	0x024e, 0x024e,
+	0x0370, 0x0370,
+	0x0372, 0x0372,
+	0x0376, 0x0376,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x038f,
+	0x0391, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
+	0x03d2, 0x03d4,
+	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
+	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
+	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
+	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
+	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
+	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
+	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
+	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
+	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+	0x03fd, 0x042f,
+	0x0460, 0x0460,
+	0x0462, 0x0462,
+	0x0464, 0x0464,
+	0x0466, 0x0466,
+	0x0468, 0x0468,
+	0x046a, 0x046a,
+	0x046c, 0x046c,
+	0x046e, 0x046e,
+	0x0470, 0x0470,
+	0x0472, 0x0472,
+	0x0474, 0x0474,
+	0x0476, 0x0476,
+	0x0478, 0x0478,
+	0x047a, 0x047a,
+	0x047c, 0x047c,
+	0x047e, 0x047e,
+	0x0480, 0x0480,
+	0x048a, 0x048a,
+	0x048c, 0x048c,
+	0x048e, 0x048e,
+	0x0490, 0x0490,
+	0x0492, 0x0492,
+	0x0494, 0x0494,
+	0x0496, 0x0496,
+	0x0498, 0x0498,
+	0x049a, 0x049a,
+	0x049c, 0x049c,
+	0x049e, 0x049e,
+	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
+	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
+	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
+	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
+	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
+	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
+	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
+	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
+	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
+	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
+	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
+	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
+	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
+	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
+	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
+	0x04be, 0x04be,
+	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
+	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
+	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
+	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
+	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
+	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
+	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
+	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
+	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
+	0x04da, 0x04da,
+	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
+	0x04de, 0x04de,
+	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
+	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
+	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
+	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
+	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
+	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
+	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
+	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
+	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
+	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
+	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
+	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
+	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
+	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
+	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
+	0x0500, 0x0500,
+	0x0502, 0x0502,
+	0x0504, 0x0504,
+	0x0506, 0x0506,
+	0x0508, 0x0508,
+	0x050a, 0x050a,
+	0x050c, 0x050c,
+	0x050e, 0x050e,
+	0x0510, 0x0510,
+	0x0512, 0x0512,
+	0x0514, 0x0514,
+	0x0516, 0x0516,
+	0x0518, 0x0518,
+	0x051a, 0x051a,
+	0x051c, 0x051c,
+	0x051e, 0x051e,
+	0x0520, 0x0520,
+	0x0522, 0x0522,
+	0x0524, 0x0524,
+	0x0526, 0x0526,
+	0x0528, 0x0528,
+	0x052a, 0x052a,
+	0x052c, 0x052c,
+	0x052e, 0x052e,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x1c89, 0x1c89,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
+	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
+	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
+	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
+	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
+	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
+	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
+	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
+	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
+	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
+	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
+	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
+	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
+	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
+	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
+	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
+	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
+	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
+	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
+	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
+	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
+	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
+	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
+	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
+	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
+	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
+	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
+	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
+	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
+	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
+	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
+	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
+	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
+	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
+	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
+	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
+	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
+	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
+	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
+	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
+	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
+	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
+	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
+	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
+	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
+	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
+	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
+	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
+	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
+	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
+	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
+	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
+	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
+	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
+	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
+	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
+	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
+	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
+	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
+	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
+	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
+	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
+	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
+	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
+	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
+	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
+	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
+	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
+	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
+	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
+	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
+	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
+	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
+	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
+	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
+	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
+	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
+	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
+	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
+	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
+	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
+	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
+	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
+	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
+	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
+	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
+	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
+	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
+	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
+	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
+	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
+	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
+	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
+	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
+	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
+	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
+	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
+	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
+	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
+	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
+	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
+	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
+	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
+	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
+	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
+	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
+	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
+	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
+	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
+	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
+	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
+	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
+	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
+	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
+	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
+	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
+	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
+	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
+	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
+	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
+	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
+	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
+	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
+	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
+	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+	0x1fb8, 0x1fbb,
+	0x1fc8, 0x1fcb,
+	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff8, 0x1ffb,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210b, 0x210d,
+	0x2110, 0x2112,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x2130, 0x2133,
+	0x213e, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2145,
+	0x2183, 0x2183,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
+	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
+	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
+	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
+	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
+	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
+	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
+	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
+	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
+	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
+	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
+	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
+	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
+	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
+	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
+	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
+	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
+	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
+	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
+	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
+	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
+	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
+	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
+	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
+	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
+	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
+	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
+	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
+	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
+	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
+	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
+	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
+	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
+	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
+	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
+	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
+	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
+	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
+	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
+	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
+	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
+	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
+	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
+	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
+	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
+	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
+	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
+	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
+	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
+	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
+	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
+	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
+	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
+	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
+	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
+	0xa640, 0xa640,
+	0xa642, 0xa642,
+	0xa644, 0xa644,
+	0xa646, 0xa646,
+	0xa648, 0xa648,
+	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
+	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
+	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
+	0xa650, 0xa650,
+	0xa652, 0xa652,
+	0xa654, 0xa654,
+	0xa656, 0xa656,
+	0xa658, 0xa658,
+	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
+	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
+	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
+	0xa660, 0xa660,
+	0xa662, 0xa662,
+	0xa664, 0xa664,
+	0xa666, 0xa666,
+	0xa668, 0xa668,
+	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
+	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
+	0xa680, 0xa680,
+	0xa682, 0xa682,
+	0xa684, 0xa684,
+	0xa686, 0xa686,
+	0xa688, 0xa688,
+	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
+	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
+	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
+	0xa690, 0xa690,
+	0xa692, 0xa692,
+	0xa694, 0xa694,
+	0xa696, 0xa696,
+	0xa698, 0xa698,
+	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
+	0xa722, 0xa722,
+	0xa724, 0xa724,
+	0xa726, 0xa726,
+	0xa728, 0xa728,
+	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
+	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
+	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
+	0xa732, 0xa732,
+	0xa734, 0xa734,
+	0xa736, 0xa736,
+	0xa738, 0xa738,
+	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
+	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
+	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
+	0xa740, 0xa740,
+	0xa742, 0xa742,
+	0xa744, 0xa744,
+	0xa746, 0xa746,
+	0xa748, 0xa748,
+	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
+	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
+	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
+	0xa750, 0xa750,
+	0xa752, 0xa752,
+	0xa754, 0xa754,
+	0xa756, 0xa756,
+	0xa758, 0xa758,
+	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
+	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
+	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
+	0xa760, 0xa760,
+	0xa762, 0xa762,
+	0xa764, 0xa764,
+	0xa766, 0xa766,
+	0xa768, 0xa768,
+	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
+	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
+	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
+	0xa779, 0xa779,
+	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
+	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+	0xa780, 0xa780,
+	0xa782, 0xa782,
+	0xa784, 0xa784,
+	0xa786, 0xa786,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
+	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
+	0xa790, 0xa790,
+	0xa792, 0xa792,
+	0xa796, 0xa796,
+	0xa798, 0xa798,
+	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
+	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
+	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
+	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
+	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
+	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
+	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
+	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
+	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
+	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
+	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
+	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
+	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
+	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
+	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
+	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
+	0xa7cb, 0xa7cc,
+	0xa7ce, 0xa7ce,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
+	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
+	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
+	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
+	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
+	0xa7da, 0xa7da,
+	0xa7dc, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0x10400, 0x10427,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d419,
+	0x1d434, 0x1d44d,
+	0x1d468, 0x1d481,
+	0x1d49c, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b5,
+	0x1d4d0, 0x1d4e9,
+	0x1d504, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d538, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d56c, 0x1d585,
+	0x1d5a0, 0x1d5b9,
+	0x1d5d4, 0x1d5ed,
+	0x1d608, 0x1d621,
+	0x1d63c, 0x1d655,
+	0x1d670, 0x1d689,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6e2, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d71c, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d756, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d790, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7ca, 0x1d7ca,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
+}; /* CR_Lu */
+
+/* 'M': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_M[] = {
+	327,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0483, 0x0489,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x0819,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0903,
+	0x093a, 0x093c,
+	0x093e, 0x094f,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0abe, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102b, 0x103e,
+	0x1056, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1062, 0x1064,
+	0x1067, 0x106d,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x108d,
+	0x108f, 0x108f,
+	0x109a, 0x109d,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1715,
+	0x1732, 0x1734,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a55, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b04,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b44,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b82,
+	0x1ba1, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c24, 0x1c37,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf7, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x302a, 0x302f,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xa66f, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa823, 0xa827,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa880, 0xa881,
+	0xa8b4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa953,
+	0xa980, 0xa983,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaaeb, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf5, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabe3, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11000, 0x11002,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11082,
+	0x110b0, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x11134,
+	0x11145, 0x11146,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11182,
+	0x111b3, 0x111c0,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122c, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x1133e, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11362, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113b8, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11435, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b0, 0x114c3,
+	0x115af, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11630, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182c, 0x1183a,
+	0x11930, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193e,
+	0x11940, 0x11940,
+	0x11942, 0x11943,
+	0x119d1, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e0,
+	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a39,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a99,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11c2f, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d97,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
+	0x11f34, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13440, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_M */
+
+/* 'Mc': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mc[] = {
+	193,
+	0x0903, 0x0903,
+	0x093b, 0x093b,
+	0x093e, 0x0940,
+	0x0949, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x094f,
+	0x0982, 0x0983,
+	0x09be, 0x09c0,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
+	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
+	0x0abe, 0x0ac0,
+	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b3e,
+	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0b57, 0x0b57,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bbf,
+	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cbe,
+	0x0cc0, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc7, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccb,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d40,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd1,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
+	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
+	0x102b, 0x102c,
+	0x1031, 0x1031,
+	0x1038, 0x1038,
+	0x103b, 0x103c,
+	0x1056, 0x1057,
+	0x1062, 0x1064,
+	0x1067, 0x106d,
+	0x1083, 0x1084,
+	0x1087, 0x108c,
+	0x108f, 0x108f,
+	0x109a, 0x109c,
+	0x1715, 0x1715,
+	0x1734, 0x1734,
+	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
+	0x17be, 0x17c5,
+	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
+	0x1923, 0x1926,
+	0x1929, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1931,
+	0x1933, 0x1938,
+	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
+	0x1a55, 0x1a55,
+	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
+	0x1a61, 0x1a61,
+	0x1a63, 0x1a64,
+	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
+	0x1b04, 0x1b04,
+	0x1b35, 0x1b35,
+	0x1b3b, 0x1b3b,
+	0x1b3d, 0x1b41,
+	0x1b43, 0x1b44,
+	0x1b82, 0x1b82,
+	0x1ba1, 0x1ba1,
+	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
+	0x1baa, 0x1baa,
+	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
+	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
+	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
+	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c24, 0x1c2b,
+	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
+	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
+	0x1cf7, 0x1cf7,
+	0x302e, 0x302f,
+	0xa823, 0xa824,
+	0xa827, 0xa827,
+	0xa880, 0xa881,
+	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa952, 0xa953,
+	0xa983, 0xa983,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
+	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
+	0xa9be, 0xa9c0,
+	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
+	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
+	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa7b, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa7d, 0xaa7d,
+	0xaaeb, 0xaaeb,
+	0xaaee, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
+	0xabe3, 0xabe4,
+	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
+	0xabe9, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabec,
+	0x11000, 0x11000,
+	0x11002, 0x11002,
+	0x11082, 0x11082,
+	0x110b0, 0x110b2,
+	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
+	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
+	0x11145, 0x11146,
+	0x11182, 0x11182,
+	0x111b3, 0x111b5,
+	0x111bf, 0x111c0,
+	0x111ce, 0x111ce,
+	0x1122c, 0x1122e,
+	0x11232, 0x11233,
+	0x11235, 0x11235,
+	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
+	0x11302, 0x11303,
+	0x1133e, 0x1133f,
+	0x11341, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11362, 0x11363,
+	0x113b8, 0x113ba,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x113cf, 0x113cf,
+	0x11435, 0x11437,
+	0x11440, 0x11441,
+	0x11445, 0x11445,
+	0x114b0, 0x114b2,
+	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
+	0x114bb, 0x114be,
+	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
+	0x115af, 0x115b1,
+	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
+	0x115be, 0x115be,
+	0x11630, 0x11632,
+	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
+	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
+	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
+	0x116ae, 0x116af,
+	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
+	0x1171e, 0x1171e,
+	0x11720, 0x11721,
+	0x11726, 0x11726,
+	0x1182c, 0x1182e,
+	0x11838, 0x11838,
+	0x11930, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193d, 0x1193d,
+	0x11940, 0x11940,
+	0x11942, 0x11942,
+	0x119d1, 0x119d3,
+	0x119dc, 0x119df,
+	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a39, 0x11a39,
+	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
+	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
+	0x11b61, 0x11b61,
+	0x11b65, 0x11b65,
+	0x11b67, 0x11b67,
+	0x11c2f, 0x11c2f,
+	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
+	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
+	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
+	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
+	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
+	0x11ef5, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
+	0x11f34, 0x11f35,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
+	0x11f41, 0x11f41,
+	0x1612a, 0x1612c,
+	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d166,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+}; /* CR_Mc */
+
+/* 'Me': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Me[] = {
+	5,
+	0x0488, 0x0489,
+	0x1abe, 0x1abe,
+	0x20dd, 0x20e0,
+	0x20e2, 0x20e4,
+	0xa670, 0xa672,
+}; /* CR_Me */
+
+/* 'Mn': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mn[] = {
+	365,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0483, 0x0487,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x0819,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0902,
+	0x093a, 0x093a,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x0941, 0x0948,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0981,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3f, 0x0b3f,
+	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b56,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
+	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
+	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
+	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102d, 0x1030,
+	0x1032, 0x1037,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x103d, 0x103e,
+	0x1058, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x1082,
+	0x1085, 0x1086,
+	0x108d, 0x108d,
+	0x109d, 0x109d,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1714,
+	0x1732, 0x1733,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
+	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x1922,
+	0x1927, 0x1928,
+	0x1932, 0x1932,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
+	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
+	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
+	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
+	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
+	0x1abf, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
+	0x1b36, 0x1b3a,
+	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
+	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
+	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
+	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
+	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
+	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
+	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
+	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
+	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
+	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x302a, 0x302d,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xa66f, 0xa66f,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa825, 0xa826,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa951,
+	0xa980, 0xa982,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
+	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
+	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
+	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
+	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
+	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11001, 0x11001,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11081,
+	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x1112b,
+	0x1112d, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11181,
+	0x111b6, 0x111be,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122f, 0x11231,
+	0x11234, 0x11234,
+	0x11236, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112df,
+	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11301,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x11340, 0x11340,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113bb, 0x113c0,
+	0x113ce, 0x113ce,
+	0x113d0, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11438, 0x1143f,
+	0x11442, 0x11444,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
+	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
+	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
+	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11633, 0x1163a,
+	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
+	0x1163f, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
+	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
+	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
+	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1171d,
+	0x1171f, 0x1171f,
+	0x11722, 0x11725,
+	0x11727, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182f, 0x11837,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
+	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119db,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
+	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b60,
+	0x11b62, 0x11b64,
+	0x11b66, 0x11b66,
+	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
+	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
+	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
+	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13440, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x16129,
+	0x1612d, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Mn */
+
+/* 'N': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_N[] = {
+	146,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x00b2, 0x00b3,
+	0x00b9, 0x00b9,
+	0x00bc, 0x00be,
+	0x0660, 0x0669,
+	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+	0x07c0, 0x07c9,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x09e6, 0x09ef,
+	0x09f4, 0x09f9,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0b72, 0x0b77,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7e,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d58, 0x0d5e,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d78,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f33,
+	0x1040, 0x1049,
+	0x1090, 0x1099,
+	0x1369, 0x137c,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f0,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1946, 0x194f,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1bb0, 0x1bb9,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c50, 0x1c59,
+	0x2070, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x2079,
+	0x2080, 0x2089,
+	0x2150, 0x2182,
+	0x2185, 0x2189,
+	0x2460, 0x249b,
+	0x24ea, 0x24ff,
+	0x2776, 0x2793,
+	0x2cfd, 0x2cfd,
+	0x3007, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3038, 0x303a,
+	0x3192, 0x3195,
+	0x3220, 0x3229,
+	0x3248, 0x324f,
+	0x3251, 0x325f,
+	0x3280, 0x3289,
+	0x32b1, 0x32bf,
+	0xa620, 0xa629,
+	0xa6e6, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa830, 0xa835,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa900, 0xa909,
+	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9f0, 0xa9f9,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10140, 0x10178,
+	0x1018a, 0x1018b,
+	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10341, 0x10341,
+	0x1034a, 0x1034a,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10858, 0x1085f,
+	0x10879, 0x1087f,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
+	0x10916, 0x1091b,
+	0x109bc, 0x109bd,
+	0x109c0, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
+	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a7d, 0x10a7e,
+	0x10a9d, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10aef,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d49,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10f1d, 0x10f26,
+	0x10f51, 0x10f54,
+	0x10fc5, 0x10fcb,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11730, 0x1173b,
+	0x118e0, 0x118f2,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f59,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11fd4,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x16130, 0x16139,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e80, 0x16e96,
+	0x16ff4, 0x16ff6,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5f1, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecab,
+	0x1ecad, 0x1ecaf,
+	0x1ecb1, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed2d,
+	0x1ed2f, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+}; /* CR_N */
+
+/* 'Nd': General Category */
+#define CR_Nd CR_Digit
+
+/* 'Nl': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nl[] = {
+	13,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f0,
+	0x2160, 0x2182,
+	0x2185, 0x2188,
+	0x3007, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3038, 0x303a,
+	0xa6e6, 0xa6ef,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x10341, 0x10341,
+	0x1034a, 0x1034a,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x16ff4, 0x16ff6,
+}; /* CR_Nl */
+
+/* 'No': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_No[] = {
+	72,
+	0x00b2, 0x00b3,
+	0x00b9, 0x00b9,
+	0x00bc, 0x00be,
+	0x09f4, 0x09f9,
+	0x0b72, 0x0b77,
+	0x0bf0, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7e,
+	0x0d58, 0x0d5e,
+	0x0d70, 0x0d78,
+	0x0f2a, 0x0f33,
+	0x1369, 0x137c,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x19da, 0x19da,
+	0x2070, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x2079,
+	0x2080, 0x2089,
+	0x2150, 0x215f,
+	0x2189, 0x2189,
+	0x2460, 0x249b,
+	0x24ea, 0x24ff,
+	0x2776, 0x2793,
+	0x2cfd, 0x2cfd,
+	0x3192, 0x3195,
+	0x3220, 0x3229,
+	0x3248, 0x324f,
+	0x3251, 0x325f,
+	0x3280, 0x3289,
+	0x32b1, 0x32bf,
+	0xa830, 0xa835,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10175, 0x10178,
+	0x1018a, 0x1018b,
+	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10858, 0x1085f,
+	0x10879, 0x1087f,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
+	0x10916, 0x1091b,
+	0x109bc, 0x109bd,
+	0x109c0, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
+	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a7d, 0x10a7e,
+	0x10a9d, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10aef,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10f1d, 0x10f26,
+	0x10f51, 0x10f54,
+	0x10fc5, 0x10fcb,
+	0x11052, 0x11065,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x1173a, 0x1173b,
+	0x118ea, 0x118f2,
+	0x11c5a, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11fd4,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16e80, 0x16e96,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecab,
+	0x1ecad, 0x1ecaf,
+	0x1ecb1, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed2d,
+	0x1ed2f, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+}; /* CR_No */
+
+/* 'P': Major Category */
+#define CR_P CR_Punct
+
+/* 'Pc': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pc[] = {
+	6,
+	0x005f, 0x005f,
+	0x203f, 0x2040,
+	0x2054, 0x2054,
+	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
+	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+}; /* CR_Pc */
+
+/* 'Pd': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pd[] = {
+	20,
+	0x002d, 0x002d,
+	0x058a, 0x058a,
+	0x05be, 0x05be,
+	0x1400, 0x1400,
+	0x1806, 0x1806,
+	0x2010, 0x2015,
+	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
+	0x2e1a, 0x2e1a,
+	0x2e3a, 0x2e3b,
+	0x2e40, 0x2e40,
+	0x2e5d, 0x2e5d,
+	0x301c, 0x301c,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
+	0xfe31, 0xfe32,
+	0xfe58, 0xfe58,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
+	0x10d6e, 0x10d6e,
+	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
+}; /* CR_Pd */
+
+/* 'Pe': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pe[] = {
+	76,
+	0x0029, 0x0029,
+	0x005d, 0x005d,
+	0x007d, 0x007d,
+	0x0f3b, 0x0f3b,
+	0x0f3d, 0x0f3d,
+	0x169c, 0x169c,
+	0x2046, 0x2046,
+	0x207e, 0x207e,
+	0x208e, 0x208e,
+	0x2309, 0x2309,
+	0x230b, 0x230b,
+	0x232a, 0x232a,
+	0x2769, 0x2769,
+	0x276b, 0x276b,
+	0x276d, 0x276d,
+	0x276f, 0x276f,
+	0x2771, 0x2771,
+	0x2773, 0x2773,
+	0x2775, 0x2775,
+	0x27c6, 0x27c6,
+	0x27e7, 0x27e7,
+	0x27e9, 0x27e9,
+	0x27eb, 0x27eb,
+	0x27ed, 0x27ed,
+	0x27ef, 0x27ef,
+	0x2984, 0x2984,
+	0x2986, 0x2986,
+	0x2988, 0x2988,
+	0x298a, 0x298a,
+	0x298c, 0x298c,
+	0x298e, 0x298e,
+	0x2990, 0x2990,
+	0x2992, 0x2992,
+	0x2994, 0x2994,
+	0x2996, 0x2996,
+	0x2998, 0x2998,
+	0x29d9, 0x29d9,
+	0x29db, 0x29db,
+	0x29fd, 0x29fd,
+	0x2e23, 0x2e23,
+	0x2e25, 0x2e25,
+	0x2e27, 0x2e27,
+	0x2e29, 0x2e29,
+	0x2e56, 0x2e56,
+	0x2e58, 0x2e58,
+	0x2e5a, 0x2e5a,
+	0x2e5c, 0x2e5c,
+	0x3009, 0x3009,
+	0x300b, 0x300b,
+	0x300d, 0x300d,
+	0x300f, 0x300f,
+	0x3011, 0x3011,
+	0x3015, 0x3015,
+	0x3017, 0x3017,
+	0x3019, 0x3019,
+	0x301b, 0x301b,
+	0x301e, 0x301f,
+	0xfd3e, 0xfd3e,
+	0xfe18, 0xfe18,
+	0xfe36, 0xfe36,
+	0xfe38, 0xfe38,
+	0xfe3a, 0xfe3a,
+	0xfe3c, 0xfe3c,
+	0xfe3e, 0xfe3e,
+	0xfe40, 0xfe40,
+	0xfe42, 0xfe42,
+	0xfe44, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe48, 0xfe48,
+	0xfe5a, 0xfe5a,
+	0xfe5c, 0xfe5c,
+	0xfe5e, 0xfe5e,
+	0xff09, 0xff09,
+	0xff3d, 0xff3d,
+	0xff5d, 0xff5d,
+	0xff60, 0xff60,
+	0xff63, 0xff63,
+}; /* CR_Pe */
+
+/* 'Pf': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pf[] = {
+	10,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
+	0x2019, 0x2019,
+	0x201d, 0x201d,
+	0x203a, 0x203a,
+	0x2e03, 0x2e03,
+	0x2e05, 0x2e05,
+	0x2e0a, 0x2e0a,
+	0x2e0d, 0x2e0d,
+	0x2e1d, 0x2e1d,
+	0x2e21, 0x2e21,
+}; /* CR_Pf */
+
+/* 'Pi': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pi[] = {
+	11,
+	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
+	0x2018, 0x2018,
+	0x201b, 0x201c,
+	0x201f, 0x201f,
+	0x2039, 0x2039,
+	0x2e02, 0x2e02,
+	0x2e04, 0x2e04,
+	0x2e09, 0x2e09,
+	0x2e0c, 0x2e0c,
+	0x2e1c, 0x2e1c,
+	0x2e20, 0x2e20,
+}; /* CR_Pi */
+
+/* 'Po': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Po[] = {
+	194,
+	0x0021, 0x0023,
+	0x0025, 0x0027,
+	0x002a, 0x002a,
+	0x002c, 0x002c,
+	0x002e, 0x002f,
+	0x003a, 0x003b,
+	0x003f, 0x0040,
+	0x005c, 0x005c,
+	0x00a1, 0x00a1,
+	0x00a7, 0x00a7,
+	0x00b6, 0x00b7,
+	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x055a, 0x055f,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
+	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
+	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
+	0x05f3, 0x05f4,
+	0x0609, 0x060a,
+	0x060c, 0x060d,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061d, 0x061f,
+	0x066a, 0x066d,
+	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x07f7, 0x07f9,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x0970, 0x0970,
+	0x09fd, 0x09fd,
+	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
+	0x0af0, 0x0af0,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c77,
+	0x0c84, 0x0c84,
+	0x0df4, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e4f, 0x0e4f,
+	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0f04, 0x0f12,
+	0x0f14, 0x0f14,
+	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
+	0x0fd0, 0x0fd4,
+	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
+	0x104a, 0x104f,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1360, 0x1368,
+	0x166e, 0x166e,
+	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
+	0x17d8, 0x17da,
+	0x1800, 0x1805,
+	0x1807, 0x180a,
+	0x1944, 0x1945,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aa6,
+	0x1aa8, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b4f,
+	0x1b5a, 0x1b60,
+	0x1b7d, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
+	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
+	0x2016, 0x2017,
+	0x2020, 0x2027,
+	0x2030, 0x2038,
+	0x203b, 0x203e,
+	0x2041, 0x2043,
+	0x2047, 0x2051,
+	0x2053, 0x2053,
+	0x2055, 0x205e,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cfc,
+	0x2cfe, 0x2cff,
+	0x2d70, 0x2d70,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e01,
+	0x2e06, 0x2e08,
+	0x2e0b, 0x2e0b,
+	0x2e0e, 0x2e16,
+	0x2e18, 0x2e19,
+	0x2e1b, 0x2e1b,
+	0x2e1e, 0x2e1f,
+	0x2e2a, 0x2e2e,
+	0x2e30, 0x2e39,
+	0x2e3c, 0x2e3f,
+	0x2e41, 0x2e41,
+	0x2e43, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e52, 0x2e54,
+	0x3001, 0x3003,
+	0x303d, 0x303d,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
+	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
+	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
+	0xa673, 0xa673,
+	0xa67e, 0xa67e,
+	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa874, 0xa877,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
+	0xa8f8, 0xa8fa,
+	0xa8fc, 0xa8fc,
+	0xa92e, 0xa92f,
+	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
+	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
+	0xaade, 0xaadf,
+	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
+	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe16,
+	0xfe19, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe30,
+	0xfe45, 0xfe46,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe4c,
+	0xfe50, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe57,
+	0xfe5f, 0xfe61,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
+	0xfe6a, 0xfe6b,
+	0xff01, 0xff03,
+	0xff05, 0xff07,
+	0xff0a, 0xff0a,
+	0xff0c, 0xff0c,
+	0xff0e, 0xff0f,
+	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
+	0xff1f, 0xff20,
+	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
+	0xff61, 0xff61,
+	0xff64, 0xff65,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10857, 0x10857,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a7f, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10af0, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed0,
+	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x11047, 0x1104d,
+	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x11140, 0x11143,
+	0x11174, 0x11175,
+	0x111c5, 0x111c8,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111db, 0x111db,
+	0x111dd, 0x111df,
+	0x11238, 0x1123d,
+	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
+	0x113d4, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x1144b, 0x1144f,
+	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x114c6, 0x114c6,
+	0x115c1, 0x115d7,
+	0x11641, 0x11643,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x116b9, 0x116b9,
+	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
+	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
+	0x11944, 0x11946,
+	0x119e2, 0x119e2,
+	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
+	0x11a9a, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11be1, 0x11be1,
+	0x11c41, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c71,
+	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f4f,
+	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12ff1, 0x12ff2,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b3b,
+	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
+	0x16d6d, 0x16d6f,
+	0x16e97, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16fe2, 0x16fe2,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1da87, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+}; /* CR_Po */
+
+/* 'Ps': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ps[] = {
+	79,
+	0x0028, 0x0028,
+	0x005b, 0x005b,
+	0x007b, 0x007b,
+	0x0f3a, 0x0f3a,
+	0x0f3c, 0x0f3c,
+	0x169b, 0x169b,
+	0x201a, 0x201a,
+	0x201e, 0x201e,
+	0x2045, 0x2045,
+	0x207d, 0x207d,
+	0x208d, 0x208d,
+	0x2308, 0x2308,
+	0x230a, 0x230a,
+	0x2329, 0x2329,
+	0x2768, 0x2768,
+	0x276a, 0x276a,
+	0x276c, 0x276c,
+	0x276e, 0x276e,
+	0x2770, 0x2770,
+	0x2772, 0x2772,
+	0x2774, 0x2774,
+	0x27c5, 0x27c5,
+	0x27e6, 0x27e6,
+	0x27e8, 0x27e8,
+	0x27ea, 0x27ea,
+	0x27ec, 0x27ec,
+	0x27ee, 0x27ee,
+	0x2983, 0x2983,
+	0x2985, 0x2985,
+	0x2987, 0x2987,
+	0x2989, 0x2989,
+	0x298b, 0x298b,
+	0x298d, 0x298d,
+	0x298f, 0x298f,
+	0x2991, 0x2991,
+	0x2993, 0x2993,
+	0x2995, 0x2995,
+	0x2997, 0x2997,
+	0x29d8, 0x29d8,
+	0x29da, 0x29da,
+	0x29fc, 0x29fc,
+	0x2e22, 0x2e22,
+	0x2e24, 0x2e24,
+	0x2e26, 0x2e26,
+	0x2e28, 0x2e28,
+	0x2e42, 0x2e42,
+	0x2e55, 0x2e55,
+	0x2e57, 0x2e57,
+	0x2e59, 0x2e59,
+	0x2e5b, 0x2e5b,
+	0x3008, 0x3008,
+	0x300a, 0x300a,
+	0x300c, 0x300c,
+	0x300e, 0x300e,
+	0x3010, 0x3010,
+	0x3014, 0x3014,
+	0x3016, 0x3016,
+	0x3018, 0x3018,
+	0x301a, 0x301a,
+	0x301d, 0x301d,
+	0xfd3f, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfe17, 0xfe17,
+	0xfe35, 0xfe35,
+	0xfe37, 0xfe37,
+	0xfe39, 0xfe39,
+	0xfe3b, 0xfe3b,
+	0xfe3d, 0xfe3d,
+	0xfe3f, 0xfe3f,
+	0xfe41, 0xfe41,
+	0xfe43, 0xfe43,
+	0xfe47, 0xfe47,
+	0xfe59, 0xfe59,
+	0xfe5b, 0xfe5b,
+	0xfe5d, 0xfe5d,
+	0xff08, 0xff08,
+	0xff3b, 0xff3b,
+	0xff5b, 0xff5b,
+	0xff5f, 0xff5f,
+	0xff62, 0xff62,
+}; /* CR_Ps */
+
+/* 'S': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_S[] = {
+	242,
+	0x0024, 0x0024,
+	0x002b, 0x002b,
+	0x003c, 0x003e,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x0060, 0x0060,
+	0x007c, 0x007c,
+	0x007e, 0x007e,
+	0x00a2, 0x00a6,
+	0x00a8, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
+	0x00ae, 0x00b1,
+	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
+	0x00b8, 0x00b8,
+	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
+	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
+	0x02c2, 0x02c5,
+	0x02d2, 0x02df,
+	0x02e5, 0x02eb,
+	0x02ed, 0x02ed,
+	0x02ef, 0x02ff,
+	0x0375, 0x0375,
+	0x0384, 0x0385,
+	0x03f6, 0x03f6,
+	0x0482, 0x0482,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0606, 0x0608,
+	0x060b, 0x060b,
+	0x060e, 0x060f,
+	0x06de, 0x06de,
+	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
+	0x06fd, 0x06fe,
+	0x07f6, 0x07f6,
+	0x07fe, 0x07ff,
+	0x0888, 0x0888,
+	0x09f2, 0x09f3,
+	0x09fa, 0x09fb,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b70, 0x0b70,
+	0x0bf3, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c7f, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0d4f, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d79,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
+	0x0f01, 0x0f03,
+	0x0f13, 0x0f13,
+	0x0f15, 0x0f17,
+	0x0f1a, 0x0f1f,
+	0x0f34, 0x0f34,
+	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
+	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
+	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fcf,
+	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
+	0x109e, 0x109f,
+	0x1390, 0x1399,
+	0x166d, 0x166d,
+	0x17db, 0x17db,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x19de, 0x19ff,
+	0x1b61, 0x1b6a,
+	0x1b74, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
+	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
+	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
+	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2044, 0x2044,
+	0x2052, 0x2052,
+	0x207a, 0x207c,
+	0x208a, 0x208c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x2100, 0x2101,
+	0x2103, 0x2106,
+	0x2108, 0x2109,
+	0x2114, 0x2114,
+	0x2116, 0x2118,
+	0x211e, 0x2123,
+	0x2125, 0x2125,
+	0x2127, 0x2127,
+	0x2129, 0x2129,
+	0x212e, 0x212e,
+	0x213a, 0x213b,
+	0x2140, 0x2144,
+	0x214a, 0x214d,
+	0x214f, 0x214f,
+	0x218a, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2307,
+	0x230c, 0x2328,
+	0x232b, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x249c, 0x24e9,
+	0x2500, 0x2767,
+	0x2794, 0x27c4,
+	0x27c7, 0x27e5,
+	0x27f0, 0x2982,
+	0x2999, 0x29d7,
+	0x29dc, 0x29fb,
+	0x29fe, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2bff,
+	0x2ce5, 0x2cea,
+	0x2e50, 0x2e51,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2fff,
+	0x3004, 0x3004,
+	0x3012, 0x3013,
+	0x3020, 0x3020,
+	0x3036, 0x3037,
+	0x303e, 0x303f,
+	0x309b, 0x309c,
+	0x3190, 0x3191,
+	0x3196, 0x319f,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x31ef,
+	0x3200, 0x321e,
+	0x322a, 0x3247,
+	0x3250, 0x3250,
+	0x3260, 0x327f,
+	0x328a, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x33ff,
+	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa700, 0xa716,
+	0xa720, 0xa721,
+	0xa789, 0xa78a,
+	0xa828, 0xa82b,
+	0xa836, 0xa839,
+	0xaa77, 0xaa79,
+	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
+	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
+	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
+	0xfbb2, 0xfbd2,
+	0xfd40, 0xfd4f,
+	0xfd90, 0xfd91,
+	0xfdc8, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdfc, 0xfdff,
+	0xfe62, 0xfe62,
+	0xfe64, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe69, 0xfe69,
+	0xff04, 0xff04,
+	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
+	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0xff40, 0xff40,
+	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
+	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
+	0x10137, 0x1013f,
+	0x10179, 0x10189,
+	0x1018c, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
+	0x10877, 0x10878,
+	0x10ac8, 0x10ac8,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10ed1, 0x10ed8,
+	0x1173f, 0x1173f,
+	0x11fd5, 0x11ff1,
+	0x16b3c, 0x16b3f,
+	0x16b45, 0x16b45,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccef,
+	0x1ccfa, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
+	0x1d16a, 0x1d16c,
+	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
+	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
+	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
+	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
+	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
+	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
+	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
+	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
+	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
+	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
+	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
+	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
+	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
+	0x1d800, 0x1d9ff,
+	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
+	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
+	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
+	0x1da85, 0x1da86,
+	0x1e14f, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1ecac, 0x1ecac,
+	0x1ecb0, 0x1ecb0,
+	0x1ed2e, 0x1ed2e,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f10d, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbef,
+	0x1fbfa, 0x1fbfa,
+}; /* CR_S */
+
+/* 'Sc': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sc[] = {
+	21,
+	0x0024, 0x0024,
+	0x00a2, 0x00a5,
+	0x058f, 0x058f,
+	0x060b, 0x060b,
+	0x07fe, 0x07ff,
+	0x09f2, 0x09f3,
+	0x09fb, 0x09fb,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0bf9, 0x0bf9,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
+	0x17db, 0x17db,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0xa838, 0xa838,
+	0xfdfc, 0xfdfc,
+	0xfe69, 0xfe69,
+	0xff04, 0xff04,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe1,
+	0xffe5, 0xffe6,
+	0x11fdd, 0x11fe0,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1ecb0, 0x1ecb0,
+}; /* CR_Sc */
+
+/* 'Sk': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sk[] = {
+	31,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x0060, 0x0060,
+	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
+	0x00af, 0x00af,
+	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
+	0x00b8, 0x00b8,
+	0x02c2, 0x02c5,
+	0x02d2, 0x02df,
+	0x02e5, 0x02eb,
+	0x02ed, 0x02ed,
+	0x02ef, 0x02ff,
+	0x0375, 0x0375,
+	0x0384, 0x0385,
+	0x0888, 0x0888,
+	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
+	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
+	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
+	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
+	0x309b, 0x309c,
+	0xa700, 0xa716,
+	0xa720, 0xa721,
+	0xa789, 0xa78a,
+	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
+	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
+	0xfbb2, 0xfbc2,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0xff40, 0xff40,
+	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+}; /* CR_Sk */
+
+/* 'Sm': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sm[] = {
+	67,
+	0x002b, 0x002b,
+	0x003c, 0x003e,
+	0x007c, 0x007c,
+	0x007e, 0x007e,
+	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
+	0x00b1, 0x00b1,
+	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
+	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
+	0x03f6, 0x03f6,
+	0x0606, 0x0608,
+	0x2044, 0x2044,
+	0x2052, 0x2052,
+	0x207a, 0x207c,
+	0x208a, 0x208c,
+	0x2118, 0x2118,
+	0x2140, 0x2144,
+	0x214b, 0x214b,
+	0x2190, 0x2194,
+	0x219a, 0x219b,
+	0x21a0, 0x21a0,
+	0x21a3, 0x21a3,
+	0x21a6, 0x21a6,
+	0x21ae, 0x21ae,
+	0x21ce, 0x21cf,
+	0x21d2, 0x21d2,
+	0x21d4, 0x21d4,
+	0x21f4, 0x22ff,
+	0x2320, 0x2321,
+	0x237c, 0x237c,
+	0x239b, 0x23b3,
+	0x23dc, 0x23e1,
+	0x25b7, 0x25b7,
+	0x25c1, 0x25c1,
+	0x25f8, 0x25ff,
+	0x266f, 0x266f,
+	0x27c0, 0x27c4,
+	0x27c7, 0x27e5,
+	0x27f0, 0x27ff,
+	0x2900, 0x2982,
+	0x2999, 0x29d7,
+	0x29dc, 0x29fb,
+	0x29fe, 0x2aff,
+	0x2b30, 0x2b44,
+	0x2b47, 0x2b4c,
+	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
+	0xfe62, 0xfe62,
+	0xfe64, 0xfe66,
+	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
+	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
+	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
+	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
+	0xffe2, 0xffe2,
+	0xffe9, 0xffec,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x1cef0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
+	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
+	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
+	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
+	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
+	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
+	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
+	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
+	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
+	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+}; /* CR_Sm */
+
+/* 'So': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_So[] = {
+	193,
+	0x00a6, 0x00a6,
+	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
+	0x00b0, 0x00b0,
+	0x0482, 0x0482,
+	0x058d, 0x058e,
+	0x060e, 0x060f,
+	0x06de, 0x06de,
+	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
+	0x06fd, 0x06fe,
+	0x07f6, 0x07f6,
+	0x09fa, 0x09fa,
+	0x0b70, 0x0b70,
+	0x0bf3, 0x0bf8,
+	0x0bfa, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c7f, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0d4f, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d79,
+	0x0f01, 0x0f03,
+	0x0f13, 0x0f13,
+	0x0f15, 0x0f17,
+	0x0f1a, 0x0f1f,
+	0x0f34, 0x0f34,
+	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
+	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
+	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fcf,
+	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
+	0x109e, 0x109f,
+	0x1390, 0x1399,
+	0x166d, 0x166d,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x19de, 0x19ff,
+	0x1b61, 0x1b6a,
+	0x1b74, 0x1b7c,
+	0x2100, 0x2101,
+	0x2103, 0x2106,
+	0x2108, 0x2109,
+	0x2114, 0x2114,
+	0x2116, 0x2117,
+	0x211e, 0x2123,
+	0x2125, 0x2125,
+	0x2127, 0x2127,
+	0x2129, 0x2129,
+	0x212e, 0x212e,
+	0x213a, 0x213b,
+	0x214a, 0x214a,
+	0x214c, 0x214d,
+	0x214f, 0x214f,
+	0x218a, 0x218b,
+	0x2195, 0x2199,
+	0x219c, 0x219f,
+	0x21a1, 0x21a2,
+	0x21a4, 0x21a5,
+	0x21a7, 0x21ad,
+	0x21af, 0x21cd,
+	0x21d0, 0x21d1,
+	0x21d3, 0x21d3,
+	0x21d5, 0x21f3,
+	0x2300, 0x2307,
+	0x230c, 0x231f,
+	0x2322, 0x2328,
+	0x232b, 0x237b,
+	0x237d, 0x239a,
+	0x23b4, 0x23db,
+	0x23e2, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x249c, 0x24e9,
+	0x2500, 0x25b6,
+	0x25b8, 0x25c0,
+	0x25c2, 0x25f7,
+	0x2600, 0x266e,
+	0x2670, 0x2767,
+	0x2794, 0x27bf,
+	0x2800, 0x28ff,
+	0x2b00, 0x2b2f,
+	0x2b45, 0x2b46,
+	0x2b4d, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2bff,
+	0x2ce5, 0x2cea,
+	0x2e50, 0x2e51,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2fff,
+	0x3004, 0x3004,
+	0x3012, 0x3013,
+	0x3020, 0x3020,
+	0x3036, 0x3037,
+	0x303e, 0x303f,
+	0x3190, 0x3191,
+	0x3196, 0x319f,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x31ef,
+	0x3200, 0x321e,
+	0x322a, 0x3247,
+	0x3250, 0x3250,
+	0x3260, 0x327f,
+	0x328a, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x33ff,
+	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa828, 0xa82b,
+	0xa836, 0xa837,
+	0xa839, 0xa839,
+	0xaa77, 0xaa79,
+	0xfbc3, 0xfbd2,
+	0xfd40, 0xfd4f,
+	0xfd90, 0xfd91,
+	0xfdc8, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdfd, 0xfdff,
+	0xffe4, 0xffe4,
+	0xffe8, 0xffe8,
+	0xffed, 0xffee,
+	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
+	0x10137, 0x1013f,
+	0x10179, 0x10189,
+	0x1018c, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
+	0x10877, 0x10878,
+	0x10ac8, 0x10ac8,
+	0x10ed1, 0x10ed8,
+	0x1173f, 0x1173f,
+	0x11fd5, 0x11fdc,
+	0x11fe1, 0x11ff1,
+	0x16b3c, 0x16b3f,
+	0x16b45, 0x16b45,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccef,
+	0x1ccfa, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1ceef,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
+	0x1d16a, 0x1d16c,
+	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
+	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
+	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
+	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d800, 0x1d9ff,
+	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
+	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
+	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
+	0x1da85, 0x1da86,
+	0x1e14f, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1ecac, 0x1ecac,
+	0x1ed2e, 0x1ed2e,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f10d, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f3fa,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbef,
+	0x1fbfa, 0x1fbfa,
+}; /* CR_So */
+
+/* 'Z': Major Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Z[] = {
+	8,
+	0x0020, 0x0020,
+	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
+	0x1680, 0x1680,
+	0x2000, 0x200a,
+	0x2028, 0x2029,
+	0x202f, 0x202f,
+	0x205f, 0x205f,
+	0x3000, 0x3000,
+}; /* CR_Z */
+
+/* 'Zl': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zl[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2028, 0x2028,
+}; /* CR_Zl */
+
+/* 'Zp': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zp[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2029, 0x2029,
+}; /* CR_Zp */
+
+/* 'Zs': General Category */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zs[] = {
+	7,
+	0x0020, 0x0020,
+	0x00a0, 0x00a0,
+	0x1680, 0x1680,
+	0x2000, 0x200a,
+	0x202f, 0x202f,
+	0x205f, 0x205f,
+	0x3000, 0x3000,
+}; /* CR_Zs */
+
+/* 'Math': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Math[] = {
+	141,
+	0x002b, 0x002b,
+	0x003c, 0x003e,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x007c, 0x007c,
+	0x007e, 0x007e,
+	0x00ac, 0x00ac,
+	0x00b1, 0x00b1,
+	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
+	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d2,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d5,
+	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f6,
+	0x0606, 0x0608,
+	0x2016, 0x2016,
+	0x2032, 0x2034,
+	0x2040, 0x2040,
+	0x2044, 0x2044,
+	0x2052, 0x2052,
+	0x2061, 0x2064,
+	0x207a, 0x207e,
+	0x208a, 0x208e,
+	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
+	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
+	0x20e5, 0x20e6,
+	0x20eb, 0x20ef,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2118, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2128, 0x2129,
+	0x212c, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2131,
+	0x2133, 0x2138,
+	0x213c, 0x2149,
+	0x214b, 0x214b,
+	0x2190, 0x21a7,
+	0x21a9, 0x21ae,
+	0x21b0, 0x21b1,
+	0x21b6, 0x21b7,
+	0x21bc, 0x21db,
+	0x21dd, 0x21dd,
+	0x21e4, 0x21e5,
+	0x21f4, 0x22ff,
+	0x2308, 0x230b,
+	0x2320, 0x2321,
+	0x237c, 0x237c,
+	0x239b, 0x23b5,
+	0x23b7, 0x23b7,
+	0x23d0, 0x23d0,
+	0x23dc, 0x23e2,
+	0x25a0, 0x25a1,
+	0x25ae, 0x25b7,
+	0x25bc, 0x25c1,
+	0x25c6, 0x25c7,
+	0x25ca, 0x25cb,
+	0x25cf, 0x25d3,
+	0x25e2, 0x25e2,
+	0x25e4, 0x25e4,
+	0x25e7, 0x25ec,
+	0x25f8, 0x25ff,
+	0x2605, 0x2606,
+	0x2640, 0x2640,
+	0x2642, 0x2642,
+	0x2660, 0x2663,
+	0x266d, 0x266f,
+	0x27c0, 0x27ff,
+	0x2900, 0x2aff,
+	0x2b30, 0x2b44,
+	0x2b47, 0x2b4c,
+	0xfb29, 0xfb29,
+	0xfe61, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
+	0xff0b, 0xff0b,
+	0xff1c, 0xff1e,
+	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0xff5c, 0xff5c,
+	0xff5e, 0xff5e,
+	0xffe2, 0xffe2,
+	0xffe9, 0xffec,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x1cef0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+}; /* CR_Math */
+
+/* 'Alphabetic': Derived Property */
+#define CR_Alphabetic CR_Alpha
+
+/* 'Lowercase': Derived Property */
+#define CR_Lowercase CR_Lower
+
+/* 'Uppercase': Derived Property */
+#define CR_Uppercase CR_Upper
+
+/* 'Cased': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cased[] = {
+	158,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x01ba,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c4, 0x0293,
+	0x0296, 0x02b8,
+	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0370, 0x0373,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2134,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x217f,
+	0x2183, 0x2184,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa640, 0xa66d,
+	0xa680, 0xa69d,
+	0xa722, 0xa787,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f6,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7fa,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10400, 0x1044f,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10780, 0x10780,
+	0x10783, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df09,
+	0x1df0b, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+}; /* CR_Cased */
+
+/* 'Case_Ignorable': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Case_Ignorable[] = {
+	464,
+	0x0027, 0x0027,
+	0x002e, 0x002e,
+	0x003a, 0x003a,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x0060, 0x0060,
+	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x00af, 0x00af,
+	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b8,
+	0x02b0, 0x036f,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x0384, 0x0385,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x0483, 0x0489,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x055f, 0x055f,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05f4, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0605,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x0640, 0x0640,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dd,
+	0x06df, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x070f, 0x070f,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0888, 0x0888,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08c9, 0x0902,
+	0x093a, 0x093a,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x0941, 0x0948,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0971, 0x0971,
+	0x0981, 0x0981,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3f, 0x0b3f,
+	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b56,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
+	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbf, 0x0cbf,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc6,
+	0x0ccc, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e46, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
+	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102d, 0x1030,
+	0x1032, 0x1037,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x103d, 0x103e,
+	0x1058, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x1082,
+	0x1085, 0x1086,
+	0x108d, 0x108d,
+	0x109d, 0x109d,
+	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1714,
+	0x1732, 0x1733,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
+	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180f,
+	0x1843, 0x1843,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x1922,
+	0x1927, 0x1928,
+	0x1932, 0x1932,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
+	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
+	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
+	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
+	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
+	0x1b36, 0x1b3a,
+	0x1b3c, 0x1b3c,
+	0x1b42, 0x1b42,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
+	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
+	0x1ba8, 0x1ba9,
+	0x1bab, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
+	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
+	0x1bef, 0x1bf1,
+	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
+	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
+	0x1d9b, 0x1dff,
+	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
+	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
+	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
+	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
+	0x200b, 0x200f,
+	0x2018, 0x2019,
+	0x2024, 0x2024,
+	0x2027, 0x2027,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2060, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x206f,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x3005, 0x3005,
+	0x302a, 0x302d,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x303b, 0x303b,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
+	0xa015, 0xa015,
+	0xa4f8, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
+	0xa66f, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
+	0xa69c, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa700, 0xa721,
+	0xa770, 0xa770,
+	0xa788, 0xa78a,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f4,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa825, 0xa826,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa951,
+	0xa980, 0xa982,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
+	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e6,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
+	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
+	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
+	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
+	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
+	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
+	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab5b, 0xab5f,
+	0xab69, 0xab6b,
+	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
+	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfbb2, 0xfbc2,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe13, 0xfe13,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xfe52, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe55, 0xfe55,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff07, 0xff07,
+	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
+	0xff1a, 0xff1a,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0xff40, 0xff40,
+	0xff70, 0xff70,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffb,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d4e, 0x10d4e,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d6f,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10ec5, 0x10ec5,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11001, 0x11001,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11081,
+	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x1112b,
+	0x1112d, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11181,
+	0x111b6, 0x111be,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122f, 0x11231,
+	0x11234, 0x11234,
+	0x11236, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112df,
+	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11301,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x11340, 0x11340,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113bb, 0x113c0,
+	0x113ce, 0x113ce,
+	0x113d0, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11438, 0x1143f,
+	0x11442, 0x11444,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
+	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
+	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
+	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11633, 0x1163a,
+	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
+	0x1163f, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
+	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
+	0x116b0, 0x116b5,
+	0x116b7, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1171d,
+	0x1171f, 0x1171f,
+	0x11722, 0x11725,
+	0x11727, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182f, 0x11837,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
+	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119db,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
+	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b60,
+	0x11b62, 0x11b64,
+	0x11b66, 0x11b66,
+	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
+	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
+	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11dd9, 0x11dd9,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f40, 0x11f40,
+	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13430, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x16129,
+	0x1612d, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d42,
+	0x16d6b, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff3,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d173, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4eb, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6ff, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Case_Ignorable */
+
+/* 'Changes_When_Lowercased': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Lowercased[] = {
+	618,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00de,
+	0x0100, 0x0100,
+	0x0102, 0x0102,
+	0x0104, 0x0104,
+	0x0106, 0x0106,
+	0x0108, 0x0108,
+	0x010a, 0x010a,
+	0x010c, 0x010c,
+	0x010e, 0x010e,
+	0x0110, 0x0110,
+	0x0112, 0x0112,
+	0x0114, 0x0114,
+	0x0116, 0x0116,
+	0x0118, 0x0118,
+	0x011a, 0x011a,
+	0x011c, 0x011c,
+	0x011e, 0x011e,
+	0x0120, 0x0120,
+	0x0122, 0x0122,
+	0x0124, 0x0124,
+	0x0126, 0x0126,
+	0x0128, 0x0128,
+	0x012a, 0x012a,
+	0x012c, 0x012c,
+	0x012e, 0x012e,
+	0x0130, 0x0130,
+	0x0132, 0x0132,
+	0x0134, 0x0134,
+	0x0136, 0x0136,
+	0x0139, 0x0139,
+	0x013b, 0x013b,
+	0x013d, 0x013d,
+	0x013f, 0x013f,
+	0x0141, 0x0141,
+	0x0143, 0x0143,
+	0x0145, 0x0145,
+	0x0147, 0x0147,
+	0x014a, 0x014a,
+	0x014c, 0x014c,
+	0x014e, 0x014e,
+	0x0150, 0x0150,
+	0x0152, 0x0152,
+	0x0154, 0x0154,
+	0x0156, 0x0156,
+	0x0158, 0x0158,
+	0x015a, 0x015a,
+	0x015c, 0x015c,
+	0x015e, 0x015e,
+	0x0160, 0x0160,
+	0x0162, 0x0162,
+	0x0164, 0x0164,
+	0x0166, 0x0166,
+	0x0168, 0x0168,
+	0x016a, 0x016a,
+	0x016c, 0x016c,
+	0x016e, 0x016e,
+	0x0170, 0x0170,
+	0x0172, 0x0172,
+	0x0174, 0x0174,
+	0x0176, 0x0176,
+	0x0178, 0x0179,
+	0x017b, 0x017b,
+	0x017d, 0x017d,
+	0x0181, 0x0182,
+	0x0184, 0x0184,
+	0x0186, 0x0187,
+	0x0189, 0x018b,
+	0x018e, 0x0191,
+	0x0193, 0x0194,
+	0x0196, 0x0198,
+	0x019c, 0x019d,
+	0x019f, 0x01a0,
+	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
+	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
+	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
+	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
+	0x01ae, 0x01af,
+	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
+	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
+	0x01c4, 0x01c5,
+	0x01c7, 0x01c8,
+	0x01ca, 0x01cb,
+	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
+	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
+	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
+	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
+	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
+	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
+	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
+	0x01db, 0x01db,
+	0x01de, 0x01de,
+	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
+	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
+	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
+	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
+	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
+	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
+	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
+	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
+	0x01f1, 0x01f2,
+	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
+	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
+	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
+	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
+	0x0200, 0x0200,
+	0x0202, 0x0202,
+	0x0204, 0x0204,
+	0x0206, 0x0206,
+	0x0208, 0x0208,
+	0x020a, 0x020a,
+	0x020c, 0x020c,
+	0x020e, 0x020e,
+	0x0210, 0x0210,
+	0x0212, 0x0212,
+	0x0214, 0x0214,
+	0x0216, 0x0216,
+	0x0218, 0x0218,
+	0x021a, 0x021a,
+	0x021c, 0x021c,
+	0x021e, 0x021e,
+	0x0220, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0222,
+	0x0224, 0x0224,
+	0x0226, 0x0226,
+	0x0228, 0x0228,
+	0x022a, 0x022a,
+	0x022c, 0x022c,
+	0x022e, 0x022e,
+	0x0230, 0x0230,
+	0x0232, 0x0232,
+	0x023a, 0x023b,
+	0x023d, 0x023e,
+	0x0241, 0x0241,
+	0x0243, 0x0246,
+	0x0248, 0x0248,
+	0x024a, 0x024a,
+	0x024c, 0x024c,
+	0x024e, 0x024e,
+	0x0370, 0x0370,
+	0x0372, 0x0372,
+	0x0376, 0x0376,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x038f,
+	0x0391, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+	0x03cf, 0x03cf,
+	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
+	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
+	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
+	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
+	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
+	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
+	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f4,
+	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
+	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+	0x03fd, 0x042f,
+	0x0460, 0x0460,
+	0x0462, 0x0462,
+	0x0464, 0x0464,
+	0x0466, 0x0466,
+	0x0468, 0x0468,
+	0x046a, 0x046a,
+	0x046c, 0x046c,
+	0x046e, 0x046e,
+	0x0470, 0x0470,
+	0x0472, 0x0472,
+	0x0474, 0x0474,
+	0x0476, 0x0476,
+	0x0478, 0x0478,
+	0x047a, 0x047a,
+	0x047c, 0x047c,
+	0x047e, 0x047e,
+	0x0480, 0x0480,
+	0x048a, 0x048a,
+	0x048c, 0x048c,
+	0x048e, 0x048e,
+	0x0490, 0x0490,
+	0x0492, 0x0492,
+	0x0494, 0x0494,
+	0x0496, 0x0496,
+	0x0498, 0x0498,
+	0x049a, 0x049a,
+	0x049c, 0x049c,
+	0x049e, 0x049e,
+	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
+	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
+	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
+	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
+	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
+	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
+	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
+	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
+	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
+	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
+	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
+	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
+	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
+	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
+	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
+	0x04be, 0x04be,
+	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
+	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
+	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
+	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
+	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
+	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
+	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
+	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
+	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
+	0x04da, 0x04da,
+	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
+	0x04de, 0x04de,
+	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
+	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
+	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
+	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
+	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
+	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
+	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
+	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
+	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
+	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
+	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
+	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
+	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
+	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
+	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
+	0x0500, 0x0500,
+	0x0502, 0x0502,
+	0x0504, 0x0504,
+	0x0506, 0x0506,
+	0x0508, 0x0508,
+	0x050a, 0x050a,
+	0x050c, 0x050c,
+	0x050e, 0x050e,
+	0x0510, 0x0510,
+	0x0512, 0x0512,
+	0x0514, 0x0514,
+	0x0516, 0x0516,
+	0x0518, 0x0518,
+	0x051a, 0x051a,
+	0x051c, 0x051c,
+	0x051e, 0x051e,
+	0x0520, 0x0520,
+	0x0522, 0x0522,
+	0x0524, 0x0524,
+	0x0526, 0x0526,
+	0x0528, 0x0528,
+	0x052a, 0x052a,
+	0x052c, 0x052c,
+	0x052e, 0x052e,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x1c89, 0x1c89,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
+	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
+	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
+	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
+	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
+	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
+	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
+	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
+	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
+	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
+	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
+	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
+	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
+	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
+	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
+	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
+	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
+	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
+	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
+	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
+	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
+	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
+	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
+	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
+	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
+	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
+	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
+	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
+	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
+	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
+	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
+	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
+	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
+	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
+	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
+	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
+	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
+	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
+	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
+	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
+	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
+	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
+	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
+	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
+	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
+	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
+	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
+	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
+	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
+	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
+	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
+	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
+	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
+	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
+	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
+	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
+	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
+	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
+	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
+	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
+	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
+	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
+	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
+	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
+	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
+	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
+	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
+	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
+	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
+	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
+	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
+	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
+	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
+	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
+	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
+	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
+	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
+	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
+	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
+	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
+	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
+	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
+	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
+	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
+	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
+	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
+	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
+	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
+	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
+	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
+	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
+	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
+	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
+	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
+	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
+	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
+	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
+	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
+	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
+	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
+	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
+	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
+	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
+	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
+	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
+	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
+	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
+	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
+	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
+	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
+	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
+	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
+	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
+	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
+	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
+	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
+	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
+	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
+	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
+	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
+	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
+	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
+	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
+	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
+	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+	0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
+	0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
+	0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
+	0x1fb8, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fc8, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff8, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x212a, 0x212b,
+	0x2132, 0x2132,
+	0x2160, 0x216f,
+	0x2183, 0x2183,
+	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
+	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
+	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
+	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
+	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
+	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
+	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
+	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
+	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
+	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
+	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
+	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
+	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
+	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
+	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
+	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
+	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
+	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
+	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
+	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
+	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
+	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
+	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
+	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
+	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
+	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
+	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
+	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
+	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
+	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
+	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
+	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
+	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
+	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
+	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
+	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
+	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
+	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
+	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
+	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
+	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
+	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
+	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
+	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
+	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
+	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
+	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
+	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
+	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
+	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
+	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
+	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
+	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
+	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
+	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
+	0xa640, 0xa640,
+	0xa642, 0xa642,
+	0xa644, 0xa644,
+	0xa646, 0xa646,
+	0xa648, 0xa648,
+	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
+	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
+	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
+	0xa650, 0xa650,
+	0xa652, 0xa652,
+	0xa654, 0xa654,
+	0xa656, 0xa656,
+	0xa658, 0xa658,
+	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
+	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
+	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
+	0xa660, 0xa660,
+	0xa662, 0xa662,
+	0xa664, 0xa664,
+	0xa666, 0xa666,
+	0xa668, 0xa668,
+	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
+	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
+	0xa680, 0xa680,
+	0xa682, 0xa682,
+	0xa684, 0xa684,
+	0xa686, 0xa686,
+	0xa688, 0xa688,
+	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
+	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
+	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
+	0xa690, 0xa690,
+	0xa692, 0xa692,
+	0xa694, 0xa694,
+	0xa696, 0xa696,
+	0xa698, 0xa698,
+	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
+	0xa722, 0xa722,
+	0xa724, 0xa724,
+	0xa726, 0xa726,
+	0xa728, 0xa728,
+	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
+	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
+	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
+	0xa732, 0xa732,
+	0xa734, 0xa734,
+	0xa736, 0xa736,
+	0xa738, 0xa738,
+	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
+	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
+	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
+	0xa740, 0xa740,
+	0xa742, 0xa742,
+	0xa744, 0xa744,
+	0xa746, 0xa746,
+	0xa748, 0xa748,
+	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
+	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
+	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
+	0xa750, 0xa750,
+	0xa752, 0xa752,
+	0xa754, 0xa754,
+	0xa756, 0xa756,
+	0xa758, 0xa758,
+	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
+	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
+	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
+	0xa760, 0xa760,
+	0xa762, 0xa762,
+	0xa764, 0xa764,
+	0xa766, 0xa766,
+	0xa768, 0xa768,
+	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
+	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
+	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
+	0xa779, 0xa779,
+	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
+	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+	0xa780, 0xa780,
+	0xa782, 0xa782,
+	0xa784, 0xa784,
+	0xa786, 0xa786,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
+	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
+	0xa790, 0xa790,
+	0xa792, 0xa792,
+	0xa796, 0xa796,
+	0xa798, 0xa798,
+	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
+	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
+	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
+	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
+	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
+	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
+	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
+	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
+	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
+	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
+	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
+	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
+	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
+	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
+	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
+	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
+	0xa7cb, 0xa7cc,
+	0xa7ce, 0xa7ce,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
+	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
+	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
+	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
+	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
+	0xa7da, 0xa7da,
+	0xa7dc, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0x10400, 0x10427,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
+}; /* CR_Changes_When_Lowercased */
+
+/* 'Changes_When_Uppercased': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Uppercased[] = {
+	634,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00df, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
+	0x0101, 0x0101,
+	0x0103, 0x0103,
+	0x0105, 0x0105,
+	0x0107, 0x0107,
+	0x0109, 0x0109,
+	0x010b, 0x010b,
+	0x010d, 0x010d,
+	0x010f, 0x010f,
+	0x0111, 0x0111,
+	0x0113, 0x0113,
+	0x0115, 0x0115,
+	0x0117, 0x0117,
+	0x0119, 0x0119,
+	0x011b, 0x011b,
+	0x011d, 0x011d,
+	0x011f, 0x011f,
+	0x0121, 0x0121,
+	0x0123, 0x0123,
+	0x0125, 0x0125,
+	0x0127, 0x0127,
+	0x0129, 0x0129,
+	0x012b, 0x012b,
+	0x012d, 0x012d,
+	0x012f, 0x012f,
+	0x0131, 0x0131,
+	0x0133, 0x0133,
+	0x0135, 0x0135,
+	0x0137, 0x0137,
+	0x013a, 0x013a,
+	0x013c, 0x013c,
+	0x013e, 0x013e,
+	0x0140, 0x0140,
+	0x0142, 0x0142,
+	0x0144, 0x0144,
+	0x0146, 0x0146,
+	0x0148, 0x0149,
+	0x014b, 0x014b,
+	0x014d, 0x014d,
+	0x014f, 0x014f,
+	0x0151, 0x0151,
+	0x0153, 0x0153,
+	0x0155, 0x0155,
+	0x0157, 0x0157,
+	0x0159, 0x0159,
+	0x015b, 0x015b,
+	0x015d, 0x015d,
+	0x015f, 0x015f,
+	0x0161, 0x0161,
+	0x0163, 0x0163,
+	0x0165, 0x0165,
+	0x0167, 0x0167,
+	0x0169, 0x0169,
+	0x016b, 0x016b,
+	0x016d, 0x016d,
+	0x016f, 0x016f,
+	0x0171, 0x0171,
+	0x0173, 0x0173,
+	0x0175, 0x0175,
+	0x0177, 0x0177,
+	0x017a, 0x017a,
+	0x017c, 0x017c,
+	0x017e, 0x0180,
+	0x0183, 0x0183,
+	0x0185, 0x0185,
+	0x0188, 0x0188,
+	0x018c, 0x018c,
+	0x0192, 0x0192,
+	0x0195, 0x0195,
+	0x0199, 0x019b,
+	0x019e, 0x019e,
+	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
+	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
+	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
+	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
+	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
+	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
+	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
+	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
+	0x01b9, 0x01b9,
+	0x01bd, 0x01bd,
+	0x01bf, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c5, 0x01c6,
+	0x01c8, 0x01c9,
+	0x01cb, 0x01cc,
+	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
+	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
+	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
+	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
+	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
+	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
+	0x01da, 0x01da,
+	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
+	0x01df, 0x01df,
+	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
+	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
+	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
+	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
+	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
+	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
+	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
+	0x01ef, 0x01f0,
+	0x01f2, 0x01f3,
+	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
+	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
+	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
+	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
+	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
+	0x0201, 0x0201,
+	0x0203, 0x0203,
+	0x0205, 0x0205,
+	0x0207, 0x0207,
+	0x0209, 0x0209,
+	0x020b, 0x020b,
+	0x020d, 0x020d,
+	0x020f, 0x020f,
+	0x0211, 0x0211,
+	0x0213, 0x0213,
+	0x0215, 0x0215,
+	0x0217, 0x0217,
+	0x0219, 0x0219,
+	0x021b, 0x021b,
+	0x021d, 0x021d,
+	0x021f, 0x021f,
+	0x0223, 0x0223,
+	0x0225, 0x0225,
+	0x0227, 0x0227,
+	0x0229, 0x0229,
+	0x022b, 0x022b,
+	0x022d, 0x022d,
+	0x022f, 0x022f,
+	0x0231, 0x0231,
+	0x0233, 0x0233,
+	0x023c, 0x023c,
+	0x023f, 0x0240,
+	0x0242, 0x0242,
+	0x0247, 0x0247,
+	0x0249, 0x0249,
+	0x024b, 0x024b,
+	0x024d, 0x024d,
+	0x024f, 0x0254,
+	0x0256, 0x0257,
+	0x0259, 0x0259,
+	0x025b, 0x025c,
+	0x0260, 0x0261,
+	0x0263, 0x0266,
+	0x0268, 0x026c,
+	0x026f, 0x026f,
+	0x0271, 0x0272,
+	0x0275, 0x0275,
+	0x027d, 0x027d,
+	0x0280, 0x0280,
+	0x0282, 0x0283,
+	0x0287, 0x028c,
+	0x0292, 0x0292,
+	0x029d, 0x029e,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0371, 0x0371,
+	0x0373, 0x0373,
+	0x0377, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x0390, 0x0390,
+	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
+	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
+	0x03db, 0x03db,
+	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
+	0x03df, 0x03df,
+	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
+	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
+	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
+	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
+	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
+	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
+	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
+	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
+	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
+	0x03fb, 0x03fb,
+	0x0430, 0x045f,
+	0x0461, 0x0461,
+	0x0463, 0x0463,
+	0x0465, 0x0465,
+	0x0467, 0x0467,
+	0x0469, 0x0469,
+	0x046b, 0x046b,
+	0x046d, 0x046d,
+	0x046f, 0x046f,
+	0x0471, 0x0471,
+	0x0473, 0x0473,
+	0x0475, 0x0475,
+	0x0477, 0x0477,
+	0x0479, 0x0479,
+	0x047b, 0x047b,
+	0x047d, 0x047d,
+	0x047f, 0x047f,
+	0x0481, 0x0481,
+	0x048b, 0x048b,
+	0x048d, 0x048d,
+	0x048f, 0x048f,
+	0x0491, 0x0491,
+	0x0493, 0x0493,
+	0x0495, 0x0495,
+	0x0497, 0x0497,
+	0x0499, 0x0499,
+	0x049b, 0x049b,
+	0x049d, 0x049d,
+	0x049f, 0x049f,
+	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
+	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
+	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
+	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
+	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
+	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
+	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
+	0x04af, 0x04af,
+	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
+	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
+	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
+	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
+	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
+	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
+	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
+	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
+	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
+	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
+	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
+	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
+	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
+	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
+	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
+	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
+	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
+	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
+	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
+	0x04db, 0x04db,
+	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
+	0x04df, 0x04df,
+	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
+	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
+	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
+	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
+	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
+	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
+	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
+	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
+	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
+	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
+	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
+	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
+	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
+	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
+	0x0501, 0x0501,
+	0x0503, 0x0503,
+	0x0505, 0x0505,
+	0x0507, 0x0507,
+	0x0509, 0x0509,
+	0x050b, 0x050b,
+	0x050d, 0x050d,
+	0x050f, 0x050f,
+	0x0511, 0x0511,
+	0x0513, 0x0513,
+	0x0515, 0x0515,
+	0x0517, 0x0517,
+	0x0519, 0x0519,
+	0x051b, 0x051b,
+	0x051d, 0x051d,
+	0x051f, 0x051f,
+	0x0521, 0x0521,
+	0x0523, 0x0523,
+	0x0525, 0x0525,
+	0x0527, 0x0527,
+	0x0529, 0x0529,
+	0x052b, 0x052b,
+	0x052d, 0x052d,
+	0x052f, 0x052f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c8a, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1d79, 0x1d79,
+	0x1d7d, 0x1d7d,
+	0x1d8e, 0x1d8e,
+	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
+	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
+	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
+	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
+	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
+	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
+	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
+	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
+	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
+	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
+	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
+	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
+	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
+	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
+	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
+	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
+	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
+	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
+	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
+	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
+	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
+	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
+	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
+	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
+	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
+	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
+	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
+	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
+	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
+	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
+	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
+	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
+	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
+	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
+	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
+	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
+	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
+	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
+	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
+	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
+	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
+	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
+	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
+	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
+	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
+	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
+	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
+	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
+	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
+	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
+	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
+	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
+	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
+	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
+	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
+	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
+	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
+	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
+	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
+	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
+	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
+	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
+	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
+	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
+	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
+	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
+	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
+	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
+	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
+	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
+	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
+	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
+	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
+	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
+	0x1e95, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
+	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
+	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
+	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
+	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
+	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
+	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
+	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
+	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
+	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
+	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
+	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
+	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
+	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
+	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
+	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
+	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
+	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
+	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
+	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
+	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
+	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
+	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
+	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
+	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
+	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
+	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
+	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
+	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
+	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
+	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
+	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
+	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
+	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
+	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
+	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
+	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
+	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
+	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
+	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
+	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
+	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
+	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
+	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
+	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
+	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
+	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
+	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
+	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
+	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
+	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
+	0x1fbc, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
+	0x1fcc, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
+	0x1ffc, 0x1ffc,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2170, 0x217f,
+	0x2184, 0x2184,
+	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
+	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
+	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
+	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
+	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
+	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
+	0x2c73, 0x2c73,
+	0x2c76, 0x2c76,
+	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
+	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
+	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
+	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
+	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
+	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
+	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
+	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
+	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
+	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
+	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
+	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
+	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
+	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
+	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
+	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
+	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
+	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
+	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
+	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
+	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
+	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
+	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
+	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
+	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
+	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
+	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
+	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
+	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
+	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
+	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
+	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
+	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
+	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
+	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
+	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
+	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
+	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
+	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
+	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
+	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
+	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
+	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
+	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
+	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
+	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
+	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
+	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
+	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
+	0x2ce3, 0x2ce3,
+	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
+	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa641, 0xa641,
+	0xa643, 0xa643,
+	0xa645, 0xa645,
+	0xa647, 0xa647,
+	0xa649, 0xa649,
+	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
+	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
+	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
+	0xa651, 0xa651,
+	0xa653, 0xa653,
+	0xa655, 0xa655,
+	0xa657, 0xa657,
+	0xa659, 0xa659,
+	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
+	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
+	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
+	0xa661, 0xa661,
+	0xa663, 0xa663,
+	0xa665, 0xa665,
+	0xa667, 0xa667,
+	0xa669, 0xa669,
+	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
+	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
+	0xa681, 0xa681,
+	0xa683, 0xa683,
+	0xa685, 0xa685,
+	0xa687, 0xa687,
+	0xa689, 0xa689,
+	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
+	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
+	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
+	0xa691, 0xa691,
+	0xa693, 0xa693,
+	0xa695, 0xa695,
+	0xa697, 0xa697,
+	0xa699, 0xa699,
+	0xa69b, 0xa69b,
+	0xa723, 0xa723,
+	0xa725, 0xa725,
+	0xa727, 0xa727,
+	0xa729, 0xa729,
+	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
+	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
+	0xa72f, 0xa72f,
+	0xa733, 0xa733,
+	0xa735, 0xa735,
+	0xa737, 0xa737,
+	0xa739, 0xa739,
+	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
+	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
+	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
+	0xa741, 0xa741,
+	0xa743, 0xa743,
+	0xa745, 0xa745,
+	0xa747, 0xa747,
+	0xa749, 0xa749,
+	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
+	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
+	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
+	0xa751, 0xa751,
+	0xa753, 0xa753,
+	0xa755, 0xa755,
+	0xa757, 0xa757,
+	0xa759, 0xa759,
+	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
+	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
+	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
+	0xa761, 0xa761,
+	0xa763, 0xa763,
+	0xa765, 0xa765,
+	0xa767, 0xa767,
+	0xa769, 0xa769,
+	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
+	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
+	0xa76f, 0xa76f,
+	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
+	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
+	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
+	0xa781, 0xa781,
+	0xa783, 0xa783,
+	0xa785, 0xa785,
+	0xa787, 0xa787,
+	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
+	0xa791, 0xa791,
+	0xa793, 0xa794,
+	0xa797, 0xa797,
+	0xa799, 0xa799,
+	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
+	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
+	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
+	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
+	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
+	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
+	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
+	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
+	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
+	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
+	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
+	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
+	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
+	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
+	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
+	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7cd, 0xa7cd,
+	0xa7cf, 0xa7cf,
+	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
+	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
+	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7db, 0xa7db,
+	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
+	0xab53, 0xab53,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10428, 0x1044f,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118c0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_Changes_When_Uppercased */
+
+/* 'Changes_When_Titlecased': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Titlecased[] = {
+	633,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00df, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x00ff,
+	0x0101, 0x0101,
+	0x0103, 0x0103,
+	0x0105, 0x0105,
+	0x0107, 0x0107,
+	0x0109, 0x0109,
+	0x010b, 0x010b,
+	0x010d, 0x010d,
+	0x010f, 0x010f,
+	0x0111, 0x0111,
+	0x0113, 0x0113,
+	0x0115, 0x0115,
+	0x0117, 0x0117,
+	0x0119, 0x0119,
+	0x011b, 0x011b,
+	0x011d, 0x011d,
+	0x011f, 0x011f,
+	0x0121, 0x0121,
+	0x0123, 0x0123,
+	0x0125, 0x0125,
+	0x0127, 0x0127,
+	0x0129, 0x0129,
+	0x012b, 0x012b,
+	0x012d, 0x012d,
+	0x012f, 0x012f,
+	0x0131, 0x0131,
+	0x0133, 0x0133,
+	0x0135, 0x0135,
+	0x0137, 0x0137,
+	0x013a, 0x013a,
+	0x013c, 0x013c,
+	0x013e, 0x013e,
+	0x0140, 0x0140,
+	0x0142, 0x0142,
+	0x0144, 0x0144,
+	0x0146, 0x0146,
+	0x0148, 0x0149,
+	0x014b, 0x014b,
+	0x014d, 0x014d,
+	0x014f, 0x014f,
+	0x0151, 0x0151,
+	0x0153, 0x0153,
+	0x0155, 0x0155,
+	0x0157, 0x0157,
+	0x0159, 0x0159,
+	0x015b, 0x015b,
+	0x015d, 0x015d,
+	0x015f, 0x015f,
+	0x0161, 0x0161,
+	0x0163, 0x0163,
+	0x0165, 0x0165,
+	0x0167, 0x0167,
+	0x0169, 0x0169,
+	0x016b, 0x016b,
+	0x016d, 0x016d,
+	0x016f, 0x016f,
+	0x0171, 0x0171,
+	0x0173, 0x0173,
+	0x0175, 0x0175,
+	0x0177, 0x0177,
+	0x017a, 0x017a,
+	0x017c, 0x017c,
+	0x017e, 0x0180,
+	0x0183, 0x0183,
+	0x0185, 0x0185,
+	0x0188, 0x0188,
+	0x018c, 0x018c,
+	0x0192, 0x0192,
+	0x0195, 0x0195,
+	0x0199, 0x019b,
+	0x019e, 0x019e,
+	0x01a1, 0x01a1,
+	0x01a3, 0x01a3,
+	0x01a5, 0x01a5,
+	0x01a8, 0x01a8,
+	0x01ad, 0x01ad,
+	0x01b0, 0x01b0,
+	0x01b4, 0x01b4,
+	0x01b6, 0x01b6,
+	0x01b9, 0x01b9,
+	0x01bd, 0x01bd,
+	0x01bf, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c4, 0x01c4,
+	0x01c6, 0x01c7,
+	0x01c9, 0x01ca,
+	0x01cc, 0x01cc,
+	0x01ce, 0x01ce,
+	0x01d0, 0x01d0,
+	0x01d2, 0x01d2,
+	0x01d4, 0x01d4,
+	0x01d6, 0x01d6,
+	0x01d8, 0x01d8,
+	0x01da, 0x01da,
+	0x01dc, 0x01dd,
+	0x01df, 0x01df,
+	0x01e1, 0x01e1,
+	0x01e3, 0x01e3,
+	0x01e5, 0x01e5,
+	0x01e7, 0x01e7,
+	0x01e9, 0x01e9,
+	0x01eb, 0x01eb,
+	0x01ed, 0x01ed,
+	0x01ef, 0x01f1,
+	0x01f3, 0x01f3,
+	0x01f5, 0x01f5,
+	0x01f9, 0x01f9,
+	0x01fb, 0x01fb,
+	0x01fd, 0x01fd,
+	0x01ff, 0x01ff,
+	0x0201, 0x0201,
+	0x0203, 0x0203,
+	0x0205, 0x0205,
+	0x0207, 0x0207,
+	0x0209, 0x0209,
+	0x020b, 0x020b,
+	0x020d, 0x020d,
+	0x020f, 0x020f,
+	0x0211, 0x0211,
+	0x0213, 0x0213,
+	0x0215, 0x0215,
+	0x0217, 0x0217,
+	0x0219, 0x0219,
+	0x021b, 0x021b,
+	0x021d, 0x021d,
+	0x021f, 0x021f,
+	0x0223, 0x0223,
+	0x0225, 0x0225,
+	0x0227, 0x0227,
+	0x0229, 0x0229,
+	0x022b, 0x022b,
+	0x022d, 0x022d,
+	0x022f, 0x022f,
+	0x0231, 0x0231,
+	0x0233, 0x0233,
+	0x023c, 0x023c,
+	0x023f, 0x0240,
+	0x0242, 0x0242,
+	0x0247, 0x0247,
+	0x0249, 0x0249,
+	0x024b, 0x024b,
+	0x024d, 0x024d,
+	0x024f, 0x0254,
+	0x0256, 0x0257,
+	0x0259, 0x0259,
+	0x025b, 0x025c,
+	0x0260, 0x0261,
+	0x0263, 0x0266,
+	0x0268, 0x026c,
+	0x026f, 0x026f,
+	0x0271, 0x0272,
+	0x0275, 0x0275,
+	0x027d, 0x027d,
+	0x0280, 0x0280,
+	0x0282, 0x0283,
+	0x0287, 0x028c,
+	0x0292, 0x0292,
+	0x029d, 0x029e,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0371, 0x0371,
+	0x0373, 0x0373,
+	0x0377, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x0390, 0x0390,
+	0x03ac, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d7,
+	0x03d9, 0x03d9,
+	0x03db, 0x03db,
+	0x03dd, 0x03dd,
+	0x03df, 0x03df,
+	0x03e1, 0x03e1,
+	0x03e3, 0x03e3,
+	0x03e5, 0x03e5,
+	0x03e7, 0x03e7,
+	0x03e9, 0x03e9,
+	0x03eb, 0x03eb,
+	0x03ed, 0x03ed,
+	0x03ef, 0x03f3,
+	0x03f5, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f8, 0x03f8,
+	0x03fb, 0x03fb,
+	0x0430, 0x045f,
+	0x0461, 0x0461,
+	0x0463, 0x0463,
+	0x0465, 0x0465,
+	0x0467, 0x0467,
+	0x0469, 0x0469,
+	0x046b, 0x046b,
+	0x046d, 0x046d,
+	0x046f, 0x046f,
+	0x0471, 0x0471,
+	0x0473, 0x0473,
+	0x0475, 0x0475,
+	0x0477, 0x0477,
+	0x0479, 0x0479,
+	0x047b, 0x047b,
+	0x047d, 0x047d,
+	0x047f, 0x047f,
+	0x0481, 0x0481,
+	0x048b, 0x048b,
+	0x048d, 0x048d,
+	0x048f, 0x048f,
+	0x0491, 0x0491,
+	0x0493, 0x0493,
+	0x0495, 0x0495,
+	0x0497, 0x0497,
+	0x0499, 0x0499,
+	0x049b, 0x049b,
+	0x049d, 0x049d,
+	0x049f, 0x049f,
+	0x04a1, 0x04a1,
+	0x04a3, 0x04a3,
+	0x04a5, 0x04a5,
+	0x04a7, 0x04a7,
+	0x04a9, 0x04a9,
+	0x04ab, 0x04ab,
+	0x04ad, 0x04ad,
+	0x04af, 0x04af,
+	0x04b1, 0x04b1,
+	0x04b3, 0x04b3,
+	0x04b5, 0x04b5,
+	0x04b7, 0x04b7,
+	0x04b9, 0x04b9,
+	0x04bb, 0x04bb,
+	0x04bd, 0x04bd,
+	0x04bf, 0x04bf,
+	0x04c2, 0x04c2,
+	0x04c4, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c6, 0x04c6,
+	0x04c8, 0x04c8,
+	0x04ca, 0x04ca,
+	0x04cc, 0x04cc,
+	0x04ce, 0x04cf,
+	0x04d1, 0x04d1,
+	0x04d3, 0x04d3,
+	0x04d5, 0x04d5,
+	0x04d7, 0x04d7,
+	0x04d9, 0x04d9,
+	0x04db, 0x04db,
+	0x04dd, 0x04dd,
+	0x04df, 0x04df,
+	0x04e1, 0x04e1,
+	0x04e3, 0x04e3,
+	0x04e5, 0x04e5,
+	0x04e7, 0x04e7,
+	0x04e9, 0x04e9,
+	0x04eb, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ed, 0x04ed,
+	0x04ef, 0x04ef,
+	0x04f1, 0x04f1,
+	0x04f3, 0x04f3,
+	0x04f5, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f7, 0x04f7,
+	0x04f9, 0x04f9,
+	0x04fb, 0x04fb,
+	0x04fd, 0x04fd,
+	0x04ff, 0x04ff,
+	0x0501, 0x0501,
+	0x0503, 0x0503,
+	0x0505, 0x0505,
+	0x0507, 0x0507,
+	0x0509, 0x0509,
+	0x050b, 0x050b,
+	0x050d, 0x050d,
+	0x050f, 0x050f,
+	0x0511, 0x0511,
+	0x0513, 0x0513,
+	0x0515, 0x0515,
+	0x0517, 0x0517,
+	0x0519, 0x0519,
+	0x051b, 0x051b,
+	0x051d, 0x051d,
+	0x051f, 0x051f,
+	0x0521, 0x0521,
+	0x0523, 0x0523,
+	0x0525, 0x0525,
+	0x0527, 0x0527,
+	0x0529, 0x0529,
+	0x052b, 0x052b,
+	0x052d, 0x052d,
+	0x052f, 0x052f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c8a, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1d79, 0x1d79,
+	0x1d7d, 0x1d7d,
+	0x1d8e, 0x1d8e,
+	0x1e01, 0x1e01,
+	0x1e03, 0x1e03,
+	0x1e05, 0x1e05,
+	0x1e07, 0x1e07,
+	0x1e09, 0x1e09,
+	0x1e0b, 0x1e0b,
+	0x1e0d, 0x1e0d,
+	0x1e0f, 0x1e0f,
+	0x1e11, 0x1e11,
+	0x1e13, 0x1e13,
+	0x1e15, 0x1e15,
+	0x1e17, 0x1e17,
+	0x1e19, 0x1e19,
+	0x1e1b, 0x1e1b,
+	0x1e1d, 0x1e1d,
+	0x1e1f, 0x1e1f,
+	0x1e21, 0x1e21,
+	0x1e23, 0x1e23,
+	0x1e25, 0x1e25,
+	0x1e27, 0x1e27,
+	0x1e29, 0x1e29,
+	0x1e2b, 0x1e2b,
+	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
+	0x1e2f, 0x1e2f,
+	0x1e31, 0x1e31,
+	0x1e33, 0x1e33,
+	0x1e35, 0x1e35,
+	0x1e37, 0x1e37,
+	0x1e39, 0x1e39,
+	0x1e3b, 0x1e3b,
+	0x1e3d, 0x1e3d,
+	0x1e3f, 0x1e3f,
+	0x1e41, 0x1e41,
+	0x1e43, 0x1e43,
+	0x1e45, 0x1e45,
+	0x1e47, 0x1e47,
+	0x1e49, 0x1e49,
+	0x1e4b, 0x1e4b,
+	0x1e4d, 0x1e4d,
+	0x1e4f, 0x1e4f,
+	0x1e51, 0x1e51,
+	0x1e53, 0x1e53,
+	0x1e55, 0x1e55,
+	0x1e57, 0x1e57,
+	0x1e59, 0x1e59,
+	0x1e5b, 0x1e5b,
+	0x1e5d, 0x1e5d,
+	0x1e5f, 0x1e5f,
+	0x1e61, 0x1e61,
+	0x1e63, 0x1e63,
+	0x1e65, 0x1e65,
+	0x1e67, 0x1e67,
+	0x1e69, 0x1e69,
+	0x1e6b, 0x1e6b,
+	0x1e6d, 0x1e6d,
+	0x1e6f, 0x1e6f,
+	0x1e71, 0x1e71,
+	0x1e73, 0x1e73,
+	0x1e75, 0x1e75,
+	0x1e77, 0x1e77,
+	0x1e79, 0x1e79,
+	0x1e7b, 0x1e7b,
+	0x1e7d, 0x1e7d,
+	0x1e7f, 0x1e7f,
+	0x1e81, 0x1e81,
+	0x1e83, 0x1e83,
+	0x1e85, 0x1e85,
+	0x1e87, 0x1e87,
+	0x1e89, 0x1e89,
+	0x1e8b, 0x1e8b,
+	0x1e8d, 0x1e8d,
+	0x1e8f, 0x1e8f,
+	0x1e91, 0x1e91,
+	0x1e93, 0x1e93,
+	0x1e95, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea1, 0x1ea1,
+	0x1ea3, 0x1ea3,
+	0x1ea5, 0x1ea5,
+	0x1ea7, 0x1ea7,
+	0x1ea9, 0x1ea9,
+	0x1eab, 0x1eab,
+	0x1ead, 0x1ead,
+	0x1eaf, 0x1eaf,
+	0x1eb1, 0x1eb1,
+	0x1eb3, 0x1eb3,
+	0x1eb5, 0x1eb5,
+	0x1eb7, 0x1eb7,
+	0x1eb9, 0x1eb9,
+	0x1ebb, 0x1ebb,
+	0x1ebd, 0x1ebd,
+	0x1ebf, 0x1ebf,
+	0x1ec1, 0x1ec1,
+	0x1ec3, 0x1ec3,
+	0x1ec5, 0x1ec5,
+	0x1ec7, 0x1ec7,
+	0x1ec9, 0x1ec9,
+	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
+	0x1ecd, 0x1ecd,
+	0x1ecf, 0x1ecf,
+	0x1ed1, 0x1ed1,
+	0x1ed3, 0x1ed3,
+	0x1ed5, 0x1ed5,
+	0x1ed7, 0x1ed7,
+	0x1ed9, 0x1ed9,
+	0x1edb, 0x1edb,
+	0x1edd, 0x1edd,
+	0x1edf, 0x1edf,
+	0x1ee1, 0x1ee1,
+	0x1ee3, 0x1ee3,
+	0x1ee5, 0x1ee5,
+	0x1ee7, 0x1ee7,
+	0x1ee9, 0x1ee9,
+	0x1eeb, 0x1eeb,
+	0x1eed, 0x1eed,
+	0x1eef, 0x1eef,
+	0x1ef1, 0x1ef1,
+	0x1ef3, 0x1ef3,
+	0x1ef5, 0x1ef5,
+	0x1ef7, 0x1ef7,
+	0x1ef9, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1efb, 0x1efb,
+	0x1efd, 0x1efd,
+	0x1eff, 0x1f07,
+	0x1f10, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f27,
+	0x1f30, 0x1f37,
+	0x1f40, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f60, 0x1f67,
+	0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1f87,
+	0x1f90, 0x1f97,
+	0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
+	0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2170, 0x217f,
+	0x2184, 0x2184,
+	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5f,
+	0x2c61, 0x2c61,
+	0x2c65, 0x2c66,
+	0x2c68, 0x2c68,
+	0x2c6a, 0x2c6a,
+	0x2c6c, 0x2c6c,
+	0x2c73, 0x2c73,
+	0x2c76, 0x2c76,
+	0x2c81, 0x2c81,
+	0x2c83, 0x2c83,
+	0x2c85, 0x2c85,
+	0x2c87, 0x2c87,
+	0x2c89, 0x2c89,
+	0x2c8b, 0x2c8b,
+	0x2c8d, 0x2c8d,
+	0x2c8f, 0x2c8f,
+	0x2c91, 0x2c91,
+	0x2c93, 0x2c93,
+	0x2c95, 0x2c95,
+	0x2c97, 0x2c97,
+	0x2c99, 0x2c99,
+	0x2c9b, 0x2c9b,
+	0x2c9d, 0x2c9d,
+	0x2c9f, 0x2c9f,
+	0x2ca1, 0x2ca1,
+	0x2ca3, 0x2ca3,
+	0x2ca5, 0x2ca5,
+	0x2ca7, 0x2ca7,
+	0x2ca9, 0x2ca9,
+	0x2cab, 0x2cab,
+	0x2cad, 0x2cad,
+	0x2caf, 0x2caf,
+	0x2cb1, 0x2cb1,
+	0x2cb3, 0x2cb3,
+	0x2cb5, 0x2cb5,
+	0x2cb7, 0x2cb7,
+	0x2cb9, 0x2cb9,
+	0x2cbb, 0x2cbb,
+	0x2cbd, 0x2cbd,
+	0x2cbf, 0x2cbf,
+	0x2cc1, 0x2cc1,
+	0x2cc3, 0x2cc3,
+	0x2cc5, 0x2cc5,
+	0x2cc7, 0x2cc7,
+	0x2cc9, 0x2cc9,
+	0x2ccb, 0x2ccb,
+	0x2ccd, 0x2ccd,
+	0x2ccf, 0x2ccf,
+	0x2cd1, 0x2cd1,
+	0x2cd3, 0x2cd3,
+	0x2cd5, 0x2cd5,
+	0x2cd7, 0x2cd7,
+	0x2cd9, 0x2cd9,
+	0x2cdb, 0x2cdb,
+	0x2cdd, 0x2cdd,
+	0x2cdf, 0x2cdf,
+	0x2ce1, 0x2ce1,
+	0x2ce3, 0x2ce3,
+	0x2cec, 0x2cec,
+	0x2cee, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf3, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa641, 0xa641,
+	0xa643, 0xa643,
+	0xa645, 0xa645,
+	0xa647, 0xa647,
+	0xa649, 0xa649,
+	0xa64b, 0xa64b,
+	0xa64d, 0xa64d,
+	0xa64f, 0xa64f,
+	0xa651, 0xa651,
+	0xa653, 0xa653,
+	0xa655, 0xa655,
+	0xa657, 0xa657,
+	0xa659, 0xa659,
+	0xa65b, 0xa65b,
+	0xa65d, 0xa65d,
+	0xa65f, 0xa65f,
+	0xa661, 0xa661,
+	0xa663, 0xa663,
+	0xa665, 0xa665,
+	0xa667, 0xa667,
+	0xa669, 0xa669,
+	0xa66b, 0xa66b,
+	0xa66d, 0xa66d,
+	0xa681, 0xa681,
+	0xa683, 0xa683,
+	0xa685, 0xa685,
+	0xa687, 0xa687,
+	0xa689, 0xa689,
+	0xa68b, 0xa68b,
+	0xa68d, 0xa68d,
+	0xa68f, 0xa68f,
+	0xa691, 0xa691,
+	0xa693, 0xa693,
+	0xa695, 0xa695,
+	0xa697, 0xa697,
+	0xa699, 0xa699,
+	0xa69b, 0xa69b,
+	0xa723, 0xa723,
+	0xa725, 0xa725,
+	0xa727, 0xa727,
+	0xa729, 0xa729,
+	0xa72b, 0xa72b,
+	0xa72d, 0xa72d,
+	0xa72f, 0xa72f,
+	0xa733, 0xa733,
+	0xa735, 0xa735,
+	0xa737, 0xa737,
+	0xa739, 0xa739,
+	0xa73b, 0xa73b,
+	0xa73d, 0xa73d,
+	0xa73f, 0xa73f,
+	0xa741, 0xa741,
+	0xa743, 0xa743,
+	0xa745, 0xa745,
+	0xa747, 0xa747,
+	0xa749, 0xa749,
+	0xa74b, 0xa74b,
+	0xa74d, 0xa74d,
+	0xa74f, 0xa74f,
+	0xa751, 0xa751,
+	0xa753, 0xa753,
+	0xa755, 0xa755,
+	0xa757, 0xa757,
+	0xa759, 0xa759,
+	0xa75b, 0xa75b,
+	0xa75d, 0xa75d,
+	0xa75f, 0xa75f,
+	0xa761, 0xa761,
+	0xa763, 0xa763,
+	0xa765, 0xa765,
+	0xa767, 0xa767,
+	0xa769, 0xa769,
+	0xa76b, 0xa76b,
+	0xa76d, 0xa76d,
+	0xa76f, 0xa76f,
+	0xa77a, 0xa77a,
+	0xa77c, 0xa77c,
+	0xa77f, 0xa77f,
+	0xa781, 0xa781,
+	0xa783, 0xa783,
+	0xa785, 0xa785,
+	0xa787, 0xa787,
+	0xa78c, 0xa78c,
+	0xa791, 0xa791,
+	0xa793, 0xa794,
+	0xa797, 0xa797,
+	0xa799, 0xa799,
+	0xa79b, 0xa79b,
+	0xa79d, 0xa79d,
+	0xa79f, 0xa79f,
+	0xa7a1, 0xa7a1,
+	0xa7a3, 0xa7a3,
+	0xa7a5, 0xa7a5,
+	0xa7a7, 0xa7a7,
+	0xa7a9, 0xa7a9,
+	0xa7b5, 0xa7b5,
+	0xa7b7, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7b9, 0xa7b9,
+	0xa7bb, 0xa7bb,
+	0xa7bd, 0xa7bd,
+	0xa7bf, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c1, 0xa7c1,
+	0xa7c3, 0xa7c3,
+	0xa7c8, 0xa7c8,
+	0xa7ca, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7cd, 0xa7cd,
+	0xa7cf, 0xa7cf,
+	0xa7d1, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d5,
+	0xa7d7, 0xa7d7,
+	0xa7d9, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7db, 0xa7db,
+	0xa7f6, 0xa7f6,
+	0xab53, 0xab53,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10428, 0x1044f,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118c0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e60, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1e922, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_Changes_When_Titlecased */
+
+/* 'Changes_When_Casefolded': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Casefolded[] = {
+	630,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00df,
+	0x0100, 0x0100,
+	0x0102, 0x0102,
+	0x0104, 0x0104,
+	0x0106, 0x0106,
+	0x0108, 0x0108,
+	0x010a, 0x010a,
+	0x010c, 0x010c,
+	0x010e, 0x010e,
+	0x0110, 0x0110,
+	0x0112, 0x0112,
+	0x0114, 0x0114,
+	0x0116, 0x0116,
+	0x0118, 0x0118,
+	0x011a, 0x011a,
+	0x011c, 0x011c,
+	0x011e, 0x011e,
+	0x0120, 0x0120,
+	0x0122, 0x0122,
+	0x0124, 0x0124,
+	0x0126, 0x0126,
+	0x0128, 0x0128,
+	0x012a, 0x012a,
+	0x012c, 0x012c,
+	0x012e, 0x012e,
+	0x0130, 0x0130,
+	0x0132, 0x0132,
+	0x0134, 0x0134,
+	0x0136, 0x0136,
+	0x0139, 0x0139,
+	0x013b, 0x013b,
+	0x013d, 0x013d,
+	0x013f, 0x013f,
+	0x0141, 0x0141,
+	0x0143, 0x0143,
+	0x0145, 0x0145,
+	0x0147, 0x0147,
+	0x0149, 0x014a,
+	0x014c, 0x014c,
+	0x014e, 0x014e,
+	0x0150, 0x0150,
+	0x0152, 0x0152,
+	0x0154, 0x0154,
+	0x0156, 0x0156,
+	0x0158, 0x0158,
+	0x015a, 0x015a,
+	0x015c, 0x015c,
+	0x015e, 0x015e,
+	0x0160, 0x0160,
+	0x0162, 0x0162,
+	0x0164, 0x0164,
+	0x0166, 0x0166,
+	0x0168, 0x0168,
+	0x016a, 0x016a,
+	0x016c, 0x016c,
+	0x016e, 0x016e,
+	0x0170, 0x0170,
+	0x0172, 0x0172,
+	0x0174, 0x0174,
+	0x0176, 0x0176,
+	0x0178, 0x0179,
+	0x017b, 0x017b,
+	0x017d, 0x017d,
+	0x017f, 0x017f,
+	0x0181, 0x0182,
+	0x0184, 0x0184,
+	0x0186, 0x0187,
+	0x0189, 0x018b,
+	0x018e, 0x0191,
+	0x0193, 0x0194,
+	0x0196, 0x0198,
+	0x019c, 0x019d,
+	0x019f, 0x01a0,
+	0x01a2, 0x01a2,
+	0x01a4, 0x01a4,
+	0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+	0x01a9, 0x01a9,
+	0x01ac, 0x01ac,
+	0x01ae, 0x01af,
+	0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+	0x01b5, 0x01b5,
+	0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bc,
+	0x01c4, 0x01c5,
+	0x01c7, 0x01c8,
+	0x01ca, 0x01cb,
+	0x01cd, 0x01cd,
+	0x01cf, 0x01cf,
+	0x01d1, 0x01d1,
+	0x01d3, 0x01d3,
+	0x01d5, 0x01d5,
+	0x01d7, 0x01d7,
+	0x01d9, 0x01d9,
+	0x01db, 0x01db,
+	0x01de, 0x01de,
+	0x01e0, 0x01e0,
+	0x01e2, 0x01e2,
+	0x01e4, 0x01e4,
+	0x01e6, 0x01e6,
+	0x01e8, 0x01e8,
+	0x01ea, 0x01ea,
+	0x01ec, 0x01ec,
+	0x01ee, 0x01ee,
+	0x01f1, 0x01f2,
+	0x01f4, 0x01f4,
+	0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+	0x01fa, 0x01fa,
+	0x01fc, 0x01fc,
+	0x01fe, 0x01fe,
+	0x0200, 0x0200,
+	0x0202, 0x0202,
+	0x0204, 0x0204,
+	0x0206, 0x0206,
+	0x0208, 0x0208,
+	0x020a, 0x020a,
+	0x020c, 0x020c,
+	0x020e, 0x020e,
+	0x0210, 0x0210,
+	0x0212, 0x0212,
+	0x0214, 0x0214,
+	0x0216, 0x0216,
+	0x0218, 0x0218,
+	0x021a, 0x021a,
+	0x021c, 0x021c,
+	0x021e, 0x021e,
+	0x0220, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0222,
+	0x0224, 0x0224,
+	0x0226, 0x0226,
+	0x0228, 0x0228,
+	0x022a, 0x022a,
+	0x022c, 0x022c,
+	0x022e, 0x022e,
+	0x0230, 0x0230,
+	0x0232, 0x0232,
+	0x023a, 0x023b,
+	0x023d, 0x023e,
+	0x0241, 0x0241,
+	0x0243, 0x0246,
+	0x0248, 0x0248,
+	0x024a, 0x024a,
+	0x024c, 0x024c,
+	0x024e, 0x024e,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0370, 0x0370,
+	0x0372, 0x0372,
+	0x0376, 0x0376,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x038f,
+	0x0391, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+	0x03c2, 0x03c2,
+	0x03cf, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d6,
+	0x03d8, 0x03d8,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03e2,
+	0x03e4, 0x03e4,
+	0x03e6, 0x03e6,
+	0x03e8, 0x03e8,
+	0x03ea, 0x03ea,
+	0x03ec, 0x03ec,
+	0x03ee, 0x03ee,
+	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x03f7,
+	0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+	0x03fd, 0x042f,
+	0x0460, 0x0460,
+	0x0462, 0x0462,
+	0x0464, 0x0464,
+	0x0466, 0x0466,
+	0x0468, 0x0468,
+	0x046a, 0x046a,
+	0x046c, 0x046c,
+	0x046e, 0x046e,
+	0x0470, 0x0470,
+	0x0472, 0x0472,
+	0x0474, 0x0474,
+	0x0476, 0x0476,
+	0x0478, 0x0478,
+	0x047a, 0x047a,
+	0x047c, 0x047c,
+	0x047e, 0x047e,
+	0x0480, 0x0480,
+	0x048a, 0x048a,
+	0x048c, 0x048c,
+	0x048e, 0x048e,
+	0x0490, 0x0490,
+	0x0492, 0x0492,
+	0x0494, 0x0494,
+	0x0496, 0x0496,
+	0x0498, 0x0498,
+	0x049a, 0x049a,
+	0x049c, 0x049c,
+	0x049e, 0x049e,
+	0x04a0, 0x04a0,
+	0x04a2, 0x04a2,
+	0x04a4, 0x04a4,
+	0x04a6, 0x04a6,
+	0x04a8, 0x04a8,
+	0x04aa, 0x04aa,
+	0x04ac, 0x04ac,
+	0x04ae, 0x04ae,
+	0x04b0, 0x04b0,
+	0x04b2, 0x04b2,
+	0x04b4, 0x04b4,
+	0x04b6, 0x04b6,
+	0x04b8, 0x04b8,
+	0x04ba, 0x04ba,
+	0x04bc, 0x04bc,
+	0x04be, 0x04be,
+	0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+	0x04c3, 0x04c3,
+	0x04c5, 0x04c5,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c7,
+	0x04c9, 0x04c9,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cb,
+	0x04cd, 0x04cd,
+	0x04d0, 0x04d0,
+	0x04d2, 0x04d2,
+	0x04d4, 0x04d4,
+	0x04d6, 0x04d6,
+	0x04d8, 0x04d8,
+	0x04da, 0x04da,
+	0x04dc, 0x04dc,
+	0x04de, 0x04de,
+	0x04e0, 0x04e0,
+	0x04e2, 0x04e2,
+	0x04e4, 0x04e4,
+	0x04e6, 0x04e6,
+	0x04e8, 0x04e8,
+	0x04ea, 0x04ea,
+	0x04ec, 0x04ec,
+	0x04ee, 0x04ee,
+	0x04f0, 0x04f0,
+	0x04f2, 0x04f2,
+	0x04f4, 0x04f4,
+	0x04f6, 0x04f6,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f8,
+	0x04fa, 0x04fa,
+	0x04fc, 0x04fc,
+	0x04fe, 0x04fe,
+	0x0500, 0x0500,
+	0x0502, 0x0502,
+	0x0504, 0x0504,
+	0x0506, 0x0506,
+	0x0508, 0x0508,
+	0x050a, 0x050a,
+	0x050c, 0x050c,
+	0x050e, 0x050e,
+	0x0510, 0x0510,
+	0x0512, 0x0512,
+	0x0514, 0x0514,
+	0x0516, 0x0516,
+	0x0518, 0x0518,
+	0x051a, 0x051a,
+	0x051c, 0x051c,
+	0x051e, 0x051e,
+	0x0520, 0x0520,
+	0x0522, 0x0522,
+	0x0524, 0x0524,
+	0x0526, 0x0526,
+	0x0528, 0x0528,
+	0x052a, 0x052a,
+	0x052c, 0x052c,
+	0x052e, 0x052e,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0587, 0x0587,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c89,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e00,
+	0x1e02, 0x1e02,
+	0x1e04, 0x1e04,
+	0x1e06, 0x1e06,
+	0x1e08, 0x1e08,
+	0x1e0a, 0x1e0a,
+	0x1e0c, 0x1e0c,
+	0x1e0e, 0x1e0e,
+	0x1e10, 0x1e10,
+	0x1e12, 0x1e12,
+	0x1e14, 0x1e14,
+	0x1e16, 0x1e16,
+	0x1e18, 0x1e18,
+	0x1e1a, 0x1e1a,
+	0x1e1c, 0x1e1c,
+	0x1e1e, 0x1e1e,
+	0x1e20, 0x1e20,
+	0x1e22, 0x1e22,
+	0x1e24, 0x1e24,
+	0x1e26, 0x1e26,
+	0x1e28, 0x1e28,
+	0x1e2a, 0x1e2a,
+	0x1e2c, 0x1e2c,
+	0x1e2e, 0x1e2e,
+	0x1e30, 0x1e30,
+	0x1e32, 0x1e32,
+	0x1e34, 0x1e34,
+	0x1e36, 0x1e36,
+	0x1e38, 0x1e38,
+	0x1e3a, 0x1e3a,
+	0x1e3c, 0x1e3c,
+	0x1e3e, 0x1e3e,
+	0x1e40, 0x1e40,
+	0x1e42, 0x1e42,
+	0x1e44, 0x1e44,
+	0x1e46, 0x1e46,
+	0x1e48, 0x1e48,
+	0x1e4a, 0x1e4a,
+	0x1e4c, 0x1e4c,
+	0x1e4e, 0x1e4e,
+	0x1e50, 0x1e50,
+	0x1e52, 0x1e52,
+	0x1e54, 0x1e54,
+	0x1e56, 0x1e56,
+	0x1e58, 0x1e58,
+	0x1e5a, 0x1e5a,
+	0x1e5c, 0x1e5c,
+	0x1e5e, 0x1e5e,
+	0x1e60, 0x1e60,
+	0x1e62, 0x1e62,
+	0x1e64, 0x1e64,
+	0x1e66, 0x1e66,
+	0x1e68, 0x1e68,
+	0x1e6a, 0x1e6a,
+	0x1e6c, 0x1e6c,
+	0x1e6e, 0x1e6e,
+	0x1e70, 0x1e70,
+	0x1e72, 0x1e72,
+	0x1e74, 0x1e74,
+	0x1e76, 0x1e76,
+	0x1e78, 0x1e78,
+	0x1e7a, 0x1e7a,
+	0x1e7c, 0x1e7c,
+	0x1e7e, 0x1e7e,
+	0x1e80, 0x1e80,
+	0x1e82, 0x1e82,
+	0x1e84, 0x1e84,
+	0x1e86, 0x1e86,
+	0x1e88, 0x1e88,
+	0x1e8a, 0x1e8a,
+	0x1e8c, 0x1e8c,
+	0x1e8e, 0x1e8e,
+	0x1e90, 0x1e90,
+	0x1e92, 0x1e92,
+	0x1e94, 0x1e94,
+	0x1e9a, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ea0,
+	0x1ea2, 0x1ea2,
+	0x1ea4, 0x1ea4,
+	0x1ea6, 0x1ea6,
+	0x1ea8, 0x1ea8,
+	0x1eaa, 0x1eaa,
+	0x1eac, 0x1eac,
+	0x1eae, 0x1eae,
+	0x1eb0, 0x1eb0,
+	0x1eb2, 0x1eb2,
+	0x1eb4, 0x1eb4,
+	0x1eb6, 0x1eb6,
+	0x1eb8, 0x1eb8,
+	0x1eba, 0x1eba,
+	0x1ebc, 0x1ebc,
+	0x1ebe, 0x1ebe,
+	0x1ec0, 0x1ec0,
+	0x1ec2, 0x1ec2,
+	0x1ec4, 0x1ec4,
+	0x1ec6, 0x1ec6,
+	0x1ec8, 0x1ec8,
+	0x1eca, 0x1eca,
+	0x1ecc, 0x1ecc,
+	0x1ece, 0x1ece,
+	0x1ed0, 0x1ed0,
+	0x1ed2, 0x1ed2,
+	0x1ed4, 0x1ed4,
+	0x1ed6, 0x1ed6,
+	0x1ed8, 0x1ed8,
+	0x1eda, 0x1eda,
+	0x1edc, 0x1edc,
+	0x1ede, 0x1ede,
+	0x1ee0, 0x1ee0,
+	0x1ee2, 0x1ee2,
+	0x1ee4, 0x1ee4,
+	0x1ee6, 0x1ee6,
+	0x1ee8, 0x1ee8,
+	0x1eea, 0x1eea,
+	0x1eec, 0x1eec,
+	0x1eee, 0x1eee,
+	0x1ef0, 0x1ef0,
+	0x1ef2, 0x1ef2,
+	0x1ef4, 0x1ef4,
+	0x1ef6, 0x1ef6,
+	0x1ef8, 0x1ef8,
+	0x1efa, 0x1efa,
+	0x1efc, 0x1efc,
+	0x1efe, 0x1efe,
+	0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+	0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f5f,
+	0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+	0x1f80, 0x1faf,
+	0x1fb2, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb7, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc7, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff7, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x212a, 0x212b,
+	0x2132, 0x2132,
+	0x2160, 0x216f,
+	0x2183, 0x2183,
+	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2f,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c60,
+	0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+	0x2c67, 0x2c67,
+	0x2c69, 0x2c69,
+	0x2c6b, 0x2c6b,
+	0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+	0x2c72, 0x2c72,
+	0x2c75, 0x2c75,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+	0x2c82, 0x2c82,
+	0x2c84, 0x2c84,
+	0x2c86, 0x2c86,
+	0x2c88, 0x2c88,
+	0x2c8a, 0x2c8a,
+	0x2c8c, 0x2c8c,
+	0x2c8e, 0x2c8e,
+	0x2c90, 0x2c90,
+	0x2c92, 0x2c92,
+	0x2c94, 0x2c94,
+	0x2c96, 0x2c96,
+	0x2c98, 0x2c98,
+	0x2c9a, 0x2c9a,
+	0x2c9c, 0x2c9c,
+	0x2c9e, 0x2c9e,
+	0x2ca0, 0x2ca0,
+	0x2ca2, 0x2ca2,
+	0x2ca4, 0x2ca4,
+	0x2ca6, 0x2ca6,
+	0x2ca8, 0x2ca8,
+	0x2caa, 0x2caa,
+	0x2cac, 0x2cac,
+	0x2cae, 0x2cae,
+	0x2cb0, 0x2cb0,
+	0x2cb2, 0x2cb2,
+	0x2cb4, 0x2cb4,
+	0x2cb6, 0x2cb6,
+	0x2cb8, 0x2cb8,
+	0x2cba, 0x2cba,
+	0x2cbc, 0x2cbc,
+	0x2cbe, 0x2cbe,
+	0x2cc0, 0x2cc0,
+	0x2cc2, 0x2cc2,
+	0x2cc4, 0x2cc4,
+	0x2cc6, 0x2cc6,
+	0x2cc8, 0x2cc8,
+	0x2cca, 0x2cca,
+	0x2ccc, 0x2ccc,
+	0x2cce, 0x2cce,
+	0x2cd0, 0x2cd0,
+	0x2cd2, 0x2cd2,
+	0x2cd4, 0x2cd4,
+	0x2cd6, 0x2cd6,
+	0x2cd8, 0x2cd8,
+	0x2cda, 0x2cda,
+	0x2cdc, 0x2cdc,
+	0x2cde, 0x2cde,
+	0x2ce0, 0x2ce0,
+	0x2ce2, 0x2ce2,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2ceb,
+	0x2ced, 0x2ced,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf2,
+	0xa640, 0xa640,
+	0xa642, 0xa642,
+	0xa644, 0xa644,
+	0xa646, 0xa646,
+	0xa648, 0xa648,
+	0xa64a, 0xa64a,
+	0xa64c, 0xa64c,
+	0xa64e, 0xa64e,
+	0xa650, 0xa650,
+	0xa652, 0xa652,
+	0xa654, 0xa654,
+	0xa656, 0xa656,
+	0xa658, 0xa658,
+	0xa65a, 0xa65a,
+	0xa65c, 0xa65c,
+	0xa65e, 0xa65e,
+	0xa660, 0xa660,
+	0xa662, 0xa662,
+	0xa664, 0xa664,
+	0xa666, 0xa666,
+	0xa668, 0xa668,
+	0xa66a, 0xa66a,
+	0xa66c, 0xa66c,
+	0xa680, 0xa680,
+	0xa682, 0xa682,
+	0xa684, 0xa684,
+	0xa686, 0xa686,
+	0xa688, 0xa688,
+	0xa68a, 0xa68a,
+	0xa68c, 0xa68c,
+	0xa68e, 0xa68e,
+	0xa690, 0xa690,
+	0xa692, 0xa692,
+	0xa694, 0xa694,
+	0xa696, 0xa696,
+	0xa698, 0xa698,
+	0xa69a, 0xa69a,
+	0xa722, 0xa722,
+	0xa724, 0xa724,
+	0xa726, 0xa726,
+	0xa728, 0xa728,
+	0xa72a, 0xa72a,
+	0xa72c, 0xa72c,
+	0xa72e, 0xa72e,
+	0xa732, 0xa732,
+	0xa734, 0xa734,
+	0xa736, 0xa736,
+	0xa738, 0xa738,
+	0xa73a, 0xa73a,
+	0xa73c, 0xa73c,
+	0xa73e, 0xa73e,
+	0xa740, 0xa740,
+	0xa742, 0xa742,
+	0xa744, 0xa744,
+	0xa746, 0xa746,
+	0xa748, 0xa748,
+	0xa74a, 0xa74a,
+	0xa74c, 0xa74c,
+	0xa74e, 0xa74e,
+	0xa750, 0xa750,
+	0xa752, 0xa752,
+	0xa754, 0xa754,
+	0xa756, 0xa756,
+	0xa758, 0xa758,
+	0xa75a, 0xa75a,
+	0xa75c, 0xa75c,
+	0xa75e, 0xa75e,
+	0xa760, 0xa760,
+	0xa762, 0xa762,
+	0xa764, 0xa764,
+	0xa766, 0xa766,
+	0xa768, 0xa768,
+	0xa76a, 0xa76a,
+	0xa76c, 0xa76c,
+	0xa76e, 0xa76e,
+	0xa779, 0xa779,
+	0xa77b, 0xa77b,
+	0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+	0xa780, 0xa780,
+	0xa782, 0xa782,
+	0xa784, 0xa784,
+	0xa786, 0xa786,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78b,
+	0xa78d, 0xa78d,
+	0xa790, 0xa790,
+	0xa792, 0xa792,
+	0xa796, 0xa796,
+	0xa798, 0xa798,
+	0xa79a, 0xa79a,
+	0xa79c, 0xa79c,
+	0xa79e, 0xa79e,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7a0,
+	0xa7a2, 0xa7a2,
+	0xa7a4, 0xa7a4,
+	0xa7a6, 0xa7a6,
+	0xa7a8, 0xa7a8,
+	0xa7aa, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b4,
+	0xa7b6, 0xa7b6,
+	0xa7b8, 0xa7b8,
+	0xa7ba, 0xa7ba,
+	0xa7bc, 0xa7bc,
+	0xa7be, 0xa7be,
+	0xa7c0, 0xa7c0,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c2,
+	0xa7c4, 0xa7c7,
+	0xa7c9, 0xa7c9,
+	0xa7cb, 0xa7cc,
+	0xa7ce, 0xa7ce,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d0,
+	0xa7d2, 0xa7d2,
+	0xa7d4, 0xa7d4,
+	0xa7d6, 0xa7d6,
+	0xa7d8, 0xa7d8,
+	0xa7da, 0xa7da,
+	0xa7dc, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f5,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0x10400, 0x10427,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e5f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e921,
+}; /* CR_Changes_When_Casefolded */
+
+/* 'Changes_When_Casemapped': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Changes_When_Casemapped[] = {
+	131,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x0137,
+	0x0139, 0x018c,
+	0x018e, 0x01a9,
+	0x01ac, 0x01b9,
+	0x01bc, 0x01bd,
+	0x01bf, 0x01bf,
+	0x01c4, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0233,
+	0x023a, 0x0254,
+	0x0256, 0x0257,
+	0x0259, 0x0259,
+	0x025b, 0x025c,
+	0x0260, 0x0261,
+	0x0263, 0x0266,
+	0x0268, 0x026c,
+	0x026f, 0x026f,
+	0x0271, 0x0272,
+	0x0275, 0x0275,
+	0x027d, 0x027d,
+	0x0280, 0x0280,
+	0x0282, 0x0283,
+	0x0287, 0x028c,
+	0x0292, 0x0292,
+	0x029d, 0x029e,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0370, 0x0373,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03d1,
+	0x03d5, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x03fb,
+	0x03fd, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fd, 0x10ff,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1d79, 0x1d79,
+	0x1d7d, 0x1d7d,
+	0x1d8e, 0x1d8e,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1e9e, 0x1e9e,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x212a, 0x212b,
+	0x2132, 0x2132,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x217f,
+	0x2183, 0x2184,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c70,
+	0x2c72, 0x2c73,
+	0x2c75, 0x2c76,
+	0x2c7e, 0x2ce3,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0xa640, 0xa66d,
+	0xa680, 0xa69b,
+	0xa722, 0xa72f,
+	0xa732, 0xa76f,
+	0xa779, 0xa787,
+	0xa78b, 0xa78d,
+	0xa790, 0xa794,
+	0xa796, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa7f6,
+	0xab53, 0xab53,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10400, 0x1044f,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d50, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d70, 0x10d85,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+}; /* CR_Changes_When_Casemapped */
+
+/* 'ID_Start': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Start[] = {
+	684,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0370, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0620, 0x064a,
+	0x066e, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
+	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x0710,
+	0x0712, 0x072f,
+	0x074d, 0x07a5,
+	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
+	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x0815,
+	0x081a, 0x081a,
+	0x0824, 0x0824,
+	0x0828, 0x0828,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x0904, 0x0939,
+	0x093d, 0x093d,
+	0x0950, 0x0950,
+	0x0958, 0x0961,
+	0x0971, 0x0980,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e1,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
+	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
+	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+	0x1000, 0x102a,
+	0x103f, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x1055,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1061,
+	0x1065, 0x1066,
+	0x106e, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x108e, 0x108e,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1711,
+	0x171f, 0x1731,
+	0x1740, 0x1751,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18a8,
+	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2118, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309b, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa61f,
+	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa801,
+	0xa803, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa80a,
+	0xa80c, 0xa822,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
+	0xa90a, 0xa925,
+	0xa930, 0xa946,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
+	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
+	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabe2,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
+	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x10375,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
+	0x10d4a, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11003, 0x11037,
+	0x11071, 0x11072,
+	0x11075, 0x11075,
+	0x11083, 0x110af,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x11144, 0x11144,
+	0x11147, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11183, 0x111b2,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111da, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1122b,
+	0x1123f, 0x11240,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112de,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x1135d, 0x11361,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113b7,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11434,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114af,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x11580, 0x115ae,
+	0x115d8, 0x115db,
+	0x11600, 0x1162f,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11680, 0x116aa,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1182b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
+	0x11941, 0x11941,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
+	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1611d,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
+	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5f0,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6e2,
+	0x1e6e4, 0x1e6e5,
+	0x1e6e7, 0x1e6ed,
+	0x1e6f0, 0x1e6f4,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_ID_Start */
+
+/* 'ID_Continue': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Continue[] = {
+	799,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x005f, 0x005f,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x0483, 0x0487,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x0620, 0x0669,
+	0x066e, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x0897, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0963,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x0971, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x1000, 0x1049,
+	0x1050, 0x109d,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1369, 0x1371,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1734,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17d3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1946, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
+	0x1abf, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+	0x203f, 0x2040,
+	0x2054, 0x2054,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
+	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
+	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2118, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x302f,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66f,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa827,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
+	0xa930, 0xa953,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
+	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff65, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11046,
+	0x11066, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x11144, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11173,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111c4,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111ce, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d3,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1144a,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x1145e, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
+	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11640,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11739,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183a,
+	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11943,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13440, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_ID_Continue */
+
+/* 'XID_Start': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_XID_Start[] = {
+	691,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0370, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0620, 0x064a,
+	0x066e, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06d5,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x06ee, 0x06ef,
+	0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x0710,
+	0x0712, 0x072f,
+	0x074d, 0x07a5,
+	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
+	0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x0815,
+	0x081a, 0x081a,
+	0x0824, 0x0824,
+	0x0828, 0x0828,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x0904, 0x0939,
+	0x093d, 0x093d,
+	0x0950, 0x0950,
+	0x0958, 0x0961,
+	0x0971, 0x0980,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e1,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0abd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c80,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cbd,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d04, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+	0x0e32, 0x0e32,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
+	0x0eb2, 0x0eb2,
+	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+	0x1000, 0x102a,
+	0x103f, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x1055,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1061,
+	0x1065, 0x1066,
+	0x106e, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x108e, 0x108e,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1711,
+	0x171f, 0x1731,
+	0x1740, 0x1751,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dc,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18a8,
+	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a16,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1b05, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c23,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+	0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2118, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa61f,
+	0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa67f, 0xa69d,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa801,
+	0xa803, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa80a,
+	0xa80c, 0xa822,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa882, 0xa8b3,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa8fe,
+	0xa90a, 0xa925,
+	0xa930, 0xa946,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa984, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
+	0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
+	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabe2,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
+	0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfc5d,
+	0xfc64, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdf9,
+	0xfe71, 0xfe71,
+	0xfe73, 0xfe73,
+	0xfe77, 0xfe77,
+	0xfe79, 0xfe79,
+	0xfe7b, 0xfe7b,
+	0xfe7d, 0xfe7d,
+	0xfe7f, 0xfefc,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff66, 0xff9d,
+	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x10375,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d23,
+	0x10d4a, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11003, 0x11037,
+	0x11071, 0x11072,
+	0x11075, 0x11075,
+	0x11083, 0x110af,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x11144, 0x11144,
+	0x11147, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11183, 0x111b2,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+	0x111da, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1122b,
+	0x1123f, 0x11240,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112de,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x1135d, 0x11361,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113b7,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d3,
+	0x11400, 0x11434,
+	0x11447, 0x1144a,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114af,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x11580, 0x115ae,
+	0x115d8, 0x115db,
+	0x11600, 0x1162f,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11680, 0x116aa,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b8,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1182b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118df,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
+	0x11941, 0x11941,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d0,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e3,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a3a, 0x11a3a,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c2e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d89,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
+	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1611d,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f50,
+	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5f0,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6e2,
+	0x1e6e4, 0x1e6e5,
+	0x1e6e7, 0x1e6ed,
+	0x1e6f0, 0x1e6f4,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_XID_Start */
+
+/* 'XID_Continue': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_XID_Continue[] = {
+	806,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x005f, 0x005f,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00b5, 0x00b5,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+	0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ec,
+	0x02ee, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x0374,
+	0x0376, 0x0377,
+	0x037b, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0386, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+	0x03f7, 0x0481,
+	0x0483, 0x0487,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0560, 0x0588,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f2,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x0620, 0x0669,
+	0x066e, 0x06d3,
+	0x06d5, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06fc,
+	0x06ff, 0x06ff,
+	0x0710, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07f5,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0887,
+	0x0889, 0x088f,
+	0x0897, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0963,
+	0x0966, 0x096f,
+	0x0971, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09f1,
+	0x09fc, 0x09fc,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f00,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x1000, 0x1049,
+	0x1050, 0x109d,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1369, 0x1371,
+	0x1380, 0x138f,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1401, 0x166c,
+	0x166f, 0x167f,
+	0x1681, 0x169a,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1734,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17d3,
+	0x17d7, 0x17d7,
+	0x17dc, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1946, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abd,
+	0x1abf, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+	0x1fbe, 0x1fbe,
+	0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+	0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+	0x203f, 0x2040,
+	0x2054, 0x2054,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
+	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
+	0x20e5, 0x20f0,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2118, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0x2128, 0x2128,
+	0x212a, 0x2139,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x2c00, 0x2ce4,
+	0x2ceb, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x3005, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x302f,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x3038, 0x303c,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x30a1, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0xa48c,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+	0xa500, 0xa60c,
+	0xa610, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66f,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa67f, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa717, 0xa71f,
+	0xa722, 0xa788,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa827,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa840, 0xa873,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f7,
+	0xa8fb, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa8fd, 0xa92d,
+	0xa930, 0xa953,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf2, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab69,
+	0xab70, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb28,
+	0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfc5d,
+	0xfc64, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdf9,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xfe33, 0xfe34,
+	0xfe4d, 0xfe4f,
+	0xfe71, 0xfe71,
+	0xfe73, 0xfe73,
+	0xfe77, 0xfe77,
+	0xfe79, 0xfe79,
+	0xfe7b, 0xfe7b,
+	0xfe7d, 0xfe7d,
+	0xfe7f, 0xfefc,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff3f, 0xff3f,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0xff65, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10140, 0x10174,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031f,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+	0x103d1, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10860, 0x10876,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x10900, 0x10915,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+	0x10ac9, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d85,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f1c,
+	0x10f27, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f85,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fc4,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11046,
+	0x11066, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x1113f,
+	0x11144, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11173,
+	0x11176, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111c4,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111ce, 0x111da,
+	0x111dc, 0x111dc,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a8,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d3,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1144a,
+	0x11450, 0x11459,
+	0x1145e, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c5,
+	0x114c7, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115c0,
+	0x115d8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11640,
+	0x11644, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11739,
+	0x11740, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183a,
+	0x118a0, 0x118e9,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11943,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e1,
+	0x119e3, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a99,
+	0x11a9d, 0x11a9d,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be0,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c40,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c59,
+	0x11c72, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f50, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff0,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13440, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b36,
+	0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16d70, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e7f,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1ccf0, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14e,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_XID_Continue */
+
+/* 'Default_Ignorable_Code_Point': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point[] = {
+	17,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x034f, 0x034f,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x115f, 0x1160,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x180b, 0x180f,
+	0x200b, 0x200f,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2060, 0x206f,
+	0x3164, 0x3164,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xffa0, 0xffa0,
+	0xfff0, 0xfff8,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
+	0xe0000, 0xe0fff,
+}; /* CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Extend': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Extend[] = {
+	383,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0483, 0x0489,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x0819,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0902,
+	0x093a, 0x093a,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x0941, 0x0948,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0981,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09be,
+	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b3f,
+	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
+	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
+	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbf, 0x0cc0,
+	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
+	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
+	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
+	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102d, 0x1030,
+	0x1032, 0x1037,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x103d, 0x103e,
+	0x1058, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x1082,
+	0x1085, 0x1086,
+	0x108d, 0x108d,
+	0x109d, 0x109d,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1715,
+	0x1732, 0x1734,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
+	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x1922,
+	0x1927, 0x1928,
+	0x1932, 0x1932,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
+	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
+	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
+	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
+	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b3d,
+	0x1b42, 0x1b44,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
+	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
+	0x1ba8, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
+	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
+	0x1bef, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x200c, 0x200c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x302a, 0x302f,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xa66f, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa825, 0xa826,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa951,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa980, 0xa982,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
+	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
+	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
+	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
+	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
+	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11001, 0x11001,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11081,
+	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x1112b,
+	0x1112d, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11181,
+	0x111b6, 0x111be,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122f, 0x11231,
+	0x11234, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112df,
+	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11301,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
+	0x11340, 0x11340,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113b8, 0x113b8,
+	0x113bb, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113c9,
+	0x113ce, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11438, 0x1143f,
+	0x11442, 0x11444,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
+	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
+	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
+	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
+	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115af, 0x115af,
+	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
+	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11633, 0x1163a,
+	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
+	0x1163f, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
+	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
+	0x116b0, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1171d,
+	0x1171f, 0x1171f,
+	0x11722, 0x11725,
+	0x11727, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182f, 0x11837,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x11930, 0x11930,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193e,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119db,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
+	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b60,
+	0x11b62, 0x11b64,
+	0x11b66, 0x11b66,
+	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
+	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
+	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f40, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13440, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x16129,
+	0x1612d, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Extend */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Base': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Base[] = {
+	904,
+	0x0020, 0x007e,
+	0x00a0, 0x00ac,
+	0x00ae, 0x02ff,
+	0x0370, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0482,
+	0x048a, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x05be, 0x05be,
+	0x05c0, 0x05c0,
+	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
+	0x05c6, 0x05c6,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0606, 0x060f,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061d, 0x064a,
+	0x0660, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06d5,
+	0x06de, 0x06de,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x06e9, 0x06e9,
+	0x06ee, 0x070d,
+	0x0710, 0x0710,
+	0x0712, 0x072f,
+	0x074d, 0x07a5,
+	0x07b1, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07ea,
+	0x07f4, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fe, 0x0815,
+	0x081a, 0x081a,
+	0x0824, 0x0824,
+	0x0828, 0x0828,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x0858,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x088f,
+	0x08a0, 0x08c9,
+	0x0903, 0x0939,
+	0x093b, 0x093b,
+	0x093d, 0x0940,
+	0x0949, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x0950,
+	0x0958, 0x0961,
+	0x0964, 0x0980,
+	0x0982, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bd, 0x09bd,
+	0x09bf, 0x09c0,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x09ce, 0x09ce,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e1,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fd,
+	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
+	0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a76, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abd, 0x0ac0,
+	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3d, 0x0b3d,
+	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b83, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbf, 0x0bbf,
+	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c3d,
+	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c80,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbd, 0x0cbe,
+	0x0cc1, 0x0cc1,
+	0x0cc3, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d3d,
+	0x0d3f, 0x0d40,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d56,
+	0x0d58, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dd0, 0x0dd1,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0dde,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+	0x0e32, 0x0e33,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e46,
+	0x0e4f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0eb0,
+	0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
+	0x0ebd, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f17,
+	0x0f1a, 0x0f34,
+	0x0f36, 0x0f36,
+	0x0f38, 0x0f38,
+	0x0f3a, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
+	0x0f85, 0x0f85,
+	0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fc5,
+	0x0fc7, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x102c,
+	0x1031, 0x1031,
+	0x1038, 0x1038,
+	0x103b, 0x103c,
+	0x103f, 0x1057,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x1083, 0x1084,
+	0x1087, 0x108c,
+	0x108e, 0x109c,
+	0x109e, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x1360, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1711,
+	0x171f, 0x1731,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1751,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
+	0x17be, 0x17c5,
+	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
+	0x17d4, 0x17dc,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180a,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x1884,
+	0x1887, 0x18a8,
+	0x18aa, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1923, 0x1926,
+	0x1929, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1931,
+	0x1933, 0x1938,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a16,
+	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a55,
+	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
+	0x1a61, 0x1a61,
+	0x1a63, 0x1a64,
+	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
+	0x1a80, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b04, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b3e, 0x1b41,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b6a,
+	0x1b74, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1b82, 0x1ba1,
+	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
+	0x1bae, 0x1be5,
+	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
+	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
+	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c2b,
+	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
+	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf7,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x200a,
+	0x2010, 0x2027,
+	0x202f, 0x205f,
+	0x2070, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2cee,
+	0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x3029,
+	0x3030, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309b, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa66e,
+	0xa673, 0xa673,
+	0xa67e, 0xa69d,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6ef,
+	0xa6f2, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa801,
+	0xa803, 0xa805,
+	0xa807, 0xa80a,
+	0xa80c, 0xa824,
+	0xa827, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8f2, 0xa8fe,
+	0xa900, 0xa925,
+	0xa92e, 0xa946,
+	0xa952, 0xa952,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa983, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
+	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
+	0xa9be, 0xa9bf,
+	0xa9c1, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
+	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+	0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa7d, 0xaaaf,
+	0xaab1, 0xaab1,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+	0xaac0, 0xaac0,
+	0xaac2, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaeb,
+	0xaaee, 0xaaf5,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabe4,
+	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
+	0xabe9, 0xabec,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb1d,
+	0xfb1f, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdff,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xff01, 0xff9d,
+	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfffc, 0xfffd,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x10375,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a40, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae4,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d23,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d6e, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f45,
+	0x10f51, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f81,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x11000,
+	0x11002, 0x11037,
+	0x11047, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x11071, 0x11072,
+	0x11075, 0x11075,
+	0x11082, 0x110b2,
+	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
+	0x110bb, 0x110bc,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11172,
+	0x11174, 0x11176,
+	0x11182, 0x111b5,
+	0x111bf, 0x111bf,
+	0x111c1, 0x111c8,
+	0x111cd, 0x111ce,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1122e,
+	0x11232, 0x11233,
+	0x11238, 0x1123d,
+	0x1123f, 0x11240,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112de,
+	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11302, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133d, 0x1133d,
+	0x1133f, 0x1133f,
+	0x11341, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113b7,
+	0x113b9, 0x113ba,
+	0x113ca, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x113d3, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x11400, 0x11437,
+	0x11440, 0x11441,
+	0x11445, 0x11445,
+	0x11447, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x1145f, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114af,
+	0x114b1, 0x114b2,
+	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
+	0x114bb, 0x114bc,
+	0x114be, 0x114be,
+	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
+	0x114c4, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115ae,
+	0x115b0, 0x115b1,
+	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
+	0x115be, 0x115be,
+	0x115c1, 0x115db,
+	0x11600, 0x11632,
+	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
+	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
+	0x11641, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116aa,
+	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
+	0x116ae, 0x116af,
+	0x116b8, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171e, 0x1171e,
+	0x11720, 0x11721,
+	0x11726, 0x11726,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1182e,
+	0x11838, 0x11838,
+	0x1183b, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x11931, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193f, 0x11942,
+	0x11944, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d3,
+	0x119dc, 0x119df,
+	0x119e1, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a39, 0x11a3a,
+	0x11a3f, 0x11a46,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a89,
+	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
+	0x11a9a, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11b61, 0x11b61,
+	0x11b65, 0x11b65,
+	0x11b67, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c2f,
+	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11c40, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
+	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
+	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d30,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
+	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
+	0x11d98, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef2,
+	0x11ef5, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f35,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f59,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+	0x13441, 0x13446,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x1611d,
+	0x1612a, 0x1612c,
+	0x16130, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9c,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d164,
+	0x1d16a, 0x1d16c,
+	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
+	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
+	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d241,
+	0x1d245, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d9ff,
+	0x1da37, 0x1da3a,
+	0x1da6d, 0x1da74,
+	0x1da76, 0x1da83,
+	0x1da85, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e137, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ad,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2eb,
+	0x1e2f0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4eb,
+	0x1e4f0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ed,
+	0x1e5f0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6e2,
+	0x1e6e4, 0x1e6e5,
+	0x1e6e7, 0x1e6ed,
+	0x1e6f0, 0x1e6f4,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8cf,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e943,
+	0x1e94b, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Base */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Link': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Link[] = {
+	58,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x0a4d, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0c4d, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0ccd, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0e3a, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0eba, 0x0eba,
+	0x0f84, 0x0f84,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x1714, 0x1715,
+	0x1734, 0x1734,
+	0x17d2, 0x17d2,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1b44, 0x1b44,
+	0x1baa, 0x1bab,
+	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x11046, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x1107f, 0x1107f,
+	0x110b9, 0x110b9,
+	0x11133, 0x11134,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x11235, 0x11235,
+	0x112ea, 0x112ea,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x113ce, 0x113d0,
+	0x11442, 0x11442,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c2,
+	0x115bf, 0x115bf,
+	0x1163f, 0x1163f,
+	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
+	0x1172b, 0x1172b,
+	0x11839, 0x11839,
+	0x1193d, 0x1193e,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a34, 0x11a34,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a99, 0x11a99,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11d44, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11f41, 0x11f42,
+	0x1612f, 0x1612f,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Link */
+
+/* 'InCB_Linker': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_InCB_Linker[] = {
+	20,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0c4d, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x1039, 0x1039,
+	0x17d2, 0x17d2,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1b44, 0x1b44,
+	0x1bab, 0x1bab,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x11133, 0x11133,
+	0x113d0, 0x113d0,
+	0x1193e, 0x1193e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a99, 0x11a99,
+	0x11f42, 0x11f42,
+}; /* CR_InCB_Linker */
+
+/* 'InCB_Consonant': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_InCB_Consonant[] = {
+	76,
+	0x0915, 0x0939,
+	0x0958, 0x095f,
+	0x0978, 0x097f,
+	0x0995, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09df,
+	0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+	0x0a95, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b15, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b5f,
+	0x0b71, 0x0b71,
+	0x0c15, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0d15, 0x0d3a,
+	0x1000, 0x102a,
+	0x103f, 0x103f,
+	0x1050, 0x1055,
+	0x105a, 0x105d,
+	0x1061, 0x1061,
+	0x1065, 0x1066,
+	0x106e, 0x1070,
+	0x1075, 0x1081,
+	0x108e, 0x108e,
+	0x1780, 0x17b3,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+	0x1b0b, 0x1b0c,
+	0x1b13, 0x1b33,
+	0x1b45, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+	0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+	0x1bbb, 0x1bbd,
+	0xa989, 0xa98b,
+	0xa98f, 0xa9b2,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+	0xa9e7, 0xa9ef,
+	0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa6f,
+	0xaa71, 0xaa73,
+	0xaa7a, 0xaa7a,
+	0xaa7e, 0xaa7f,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+	0xabc0, 0xabda,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a00,
+	0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x11103, 0x11126,
+	0x11144, 0x11144,
+	0x11147, 0x11147,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x11900, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x1192f,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a00,
+	0x11a0b, 0x11a32,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a50,
+	0x11a5c, 0x11a83,
+	0x11f04, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f33,
+}; /* CR_InCB_Consonant */
+
+/* 'InCB_Extend': Derived Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_InCB_Extend[] = {
+	377,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0483, 0x0489,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x0819,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0902,
+	0x093a, 0x093a,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x0941, 0x0948,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0981,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09be,
+	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b3f,
+	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
+	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
+	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbf, 0x0cc0,
+	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
+	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
+	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
+	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102d, 0x1030,
+	0x1032, 0x1037,
+	0x103a, 0x103a,
+	0x103d, 0x103e,
+	0x1058, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x1082,
+	0x1085, 0x1086,
+	0x108d, 0x108d,
+	0x109d, 0x109d,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1715,
+	0x1732, 0x1734,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
+	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d1,
+	0x17d3, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x1922,
+	0x1927, 0x1928,
+	0x1932, 0x1932,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
+	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
+	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
+	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
+	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b3d,
+	0x1b42, 0x1b43,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
+	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
+	0x1ba8, 0x1baa,
+	0x1bac, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
+	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
+	0x1bef, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x200d, 0x200d,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x302a, 0x302f,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xa66f, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa825, 0xa826,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa951,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa980, 0xa982,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
+	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
+	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
+	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
+	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
+	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
+	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11001, 0x11001,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11081,
+	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x1112b,
+	0x1112d, 0x11132,
+	0x11134, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11181,
+	0x111b6, 0x111be,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122f, 0x11231,
+	0x11234, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112df,
+	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11301,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
+	0x11340, 0x11340,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113b8, 0x113b8,
+	0x113bb, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113c9,
+	0x113ce, 0x113cf,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11438, 0x1143f,
+	0x11442, 0x11444,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
+	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
+	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
+	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
+	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115af, 0x115af,
+	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
+	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11633, 0x1163a,
+	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
+	0x1163f, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
+	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
+	0x116b0, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1171d,
+	0x1171f, 0x1171f,
+	0x11722, 0x11725,
+	0x11727, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182f, 0x11837,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x11930, 0x11930,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193d,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119db,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
+	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a98,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b60,
+	0x11b62, 0x11b64,
+	0x11b66, 0x11b66,
+	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
+	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
+	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f40, 0x11f41,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13440, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x16129,
+	0x1612d, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_InCB_Extend */
+
+/* 'Common': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Common[] = {
+	176,
+	0x0000, 0x0040,
+	0x005b, 0x0060,
+	0x007b, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ab, 0x00b9,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bf,
+	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
+	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
+	0x02b9, 0x02df,
+	0x02e5, 0x02e9,
+	0x02ec, 0x02ff,
+	0x0374, 0x0374,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0385, 0x0385,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x0605, 0x0605,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0640, 0x0640,
+	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
+	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e3f,
+	0x0fd5, 0x0fd8,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x1802, 0x1803,
+	0x1805, 0x1805,
+	0x1cd3, 0x1cd3,
+	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
+	0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+	0x1cee, 0x1cf3,
+	0x1cf5, 0x1cf7,
+	0x1cfa, 0x1cfa,
+	0x2000, 0x200b,
+	0x200e, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x207e,
+	0x2080, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x2100, 0x2125,
+	0x2127, 0x2129,
+	0x212c, 0x2131,
+	0x2133, 0x214d,
+	0x214f, 0x215f,
+	0x2189, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x27ff,
+	0x2900, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2bff,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2ff0, 0x3004,
+	0x3006, 0x3006,
+	0x3008, 0x3020,
+	0x3030, 0x3037,
+	0x303c, 0x303f,
+	0x309b, 0x309c,
+	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fc,
+	0x3190, 0x319f,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x31ef,
+	0x3220, 0x325f,
+	0x327f, 0x32cf,
+	0x32ff, 0x32ff,
+	0x3358, 0x33ff,
+	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
+	0xa700, 0xa721,
+	0xa788, 0xa78a,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa92e, 0xa92e,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xab5b, 0xab5b,
+	0xab6a, 0xab6b,
+	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff20,
+	0xff3b, 0xff40,
+	0xff5b, 0xff65,
+	0xff70, 0xff70,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xfffd,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1013f,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fc,
+	0x102e1, 0x102fb,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d166,
+	0x1d16a, 0x1d17a,
+	0x1d183, 0x1d184,
+	0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9,
+	0x1d1ae, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
+	0x1f201, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+}; /* CR_Common */
+
+/* 'Latin': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Latin[] = {
+	36,
+	0x0041, 0x005a,
+	0x0061, 0x007a,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+	0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+	0x00f8, 0x02b8,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x1d00, 0x1d25,
+	0x1d2c, 0x1d5c,
+	0x1d62, 0x1d65,
+	0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
+	0x1d79, 0x1dbe,
+	0x1e00, 0x1eff,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x212a, 0x212b,
+	0x2132, 0x2132,
+	0x214e, 0x214e,
+	0x2160, 0x2188,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c7f,
+	0xa722, 0xa787,
+	0xa78b, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7ff,
+	0xab30, 0xab5a,
+	0xab5c, 0xab64,
+	0xab66, 0xab69,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xff21, 0xff3a,
+	0xff41, 0xff5a,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+}; /* CR_Latin */
+
+/* 'Greek': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Greek[] = {
+	36,
+	0x0370, 0x0373,
+	0x0375, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037d,
+	0x037f, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x0384,
+	0x0386, 0x0386,
+	0x0388, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03e1,
+	0x03f0, 0x03ff,
+	0x1d26, 0x1d2a,
+	0x1d5d, 0x1d61,
+	0x1d66, 0x1d6a,
+	0x1dbf, 0x1dbf,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2126, 0x2126,
+	0xab65, 0xab65,
+	0x10140, 0x1018e,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+}; /* CR_Greek */
+
+/* 'Cyrillic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cyrillic[] = {
+	10,
+	0x0400, 0x0484,
+	0x0487, 0x052f,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1d2b, 0x1d2b,
+	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0xa640, 0xa69f,
+	0xfe2e, 0xfe2f,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+}; /* CR_Cyrillic */
+
+/* 'Armenian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Armenian[] = {
+	4,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+}; /* CR_Armenian */
+
+/* 'Hebrew': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hebrew[] = {
+	9,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfb4f,
+}; /* CR_Hebrew */
+
+/* 'Arabic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Arabic[] = {
+	56,
+	0x0600, 0x0604,
+	0x0606, 0x060b,
+	0x060d, 0x061a,
+	0x061c, 0x061e,
+	0x0620, 0x063f,
+	0x0641, 0x064a,
+	0x0656, 0x066f,
+	0x0671, 0x06dc,
+	0x06de, 0x06ff,
+	0x0750, 0x077f,
+	0x0870, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x08ff,
+	0xfb50, 0xfd3d,
+	0xfd40, 0xfdcf,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdff,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+}; /* CR_Arabic */
+
+/* 'Syriac': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Syriac[] = {
+	4,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x074f,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+}; /* CR_Syriac */
+
+/* 'Thaana': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Thaana[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0780, 0x07b1,
+}; /* CR_Thaana */
+
+/* 'Devanagari': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Devanagari[] = {
+	5,
+	0x0900, 0x0950,
+	0x0955, 0x0963,
+	0x0966, 0x097f,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8ff,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+}; /* CR_Devanagari */
+
+/* 'Bengali': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bengali[] = {
+	14,
+	0x0980, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+}; /* CR_Bengali */
+
+/* 'Gurmukhi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gurmukhi[] = {
+	16,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+}; /* CR_Gurmukhi */
+
+/* 'Gujarati': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gujarati[] = {
+	14,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+}; /* CR_Gujarati */
+
+/* 'Oriya': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Oriya[] = {
+	14,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+}; /* CR_Oriya */
+
+/* 'Tamil': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tamil[] = {
+	18,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x11fff,
+}; /* CR_Tamil */
+
+/* 'Telugu': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Telugu[] = {
+	13,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c7f,
+}; /* CR_Telugu */
+
+/* 'Kannada': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kannada[] = {
+	13,
+	0x0c80, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+}; /* CR_Kannada */
+
+/* 'Malayalam': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Malayalam[] = {
+	7,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+}; /* CR_Malayalam */
+
+/* 'Sinhala': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sinhala[] = {
+	13,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+}; /* CR_Sinhala */
+
+/* 'Thai': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Thai[] = {
+	2,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e5b,
+}; /* CR_Thai */
+
+/* 'Lao': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lao[] = {
+	11,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+}; /* CR_Lao */
+
+/* 'Tibetan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tibetan[] = {
+	7,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fd4,
+	0x0fd9, 0x0fda,
+}; /* CR_Tibetan */
+
+/* 'Myanmar': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Myanmar[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1000, 0x109f,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa7f,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+}; /* CR_Myanmar */
+
+/* 'Georgian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Georgian[] = {
+	10,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+	0x10fc, 0x10ff,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cbf,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+}; /* CR_Georgian */
+
+/* 'Hangul': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hangul[] = {
+	14,
+	0x1100, 0x11ff,
+	0x302e, 0x302f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3200, 0x321e,
+	0x3260, 0x327e,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xffa0, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+}; /* CR_Hangul */
+
+/* 'Ethiopic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ethiopic[] = {
+	36,
+	0x1200, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+}; /* CR_Ethiopic */
+
+/* 'Cherokee': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cherokee[] = {
+	3,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+}; /* CR_Cherokee */
+
+/* 'Canadian_Aboriginal': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Canadian_Aboriginal[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1400, 0x167f,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11abf,
+}; /* CR_Canadian_Aboriginal */
+
+/* 'Ogham': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ogham[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+}; /* CR_Ogham */
+
+/* 'Runic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Runic[] = {
+	2,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+	0x16ee, 0x16f8,
+}; /* CR_Runic */
+
+/* 'Khmer': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khmer[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
+}; /* CR_Khmer */
+
+/* 'Mongolian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mongolian[] = {
+	6,
+	0x1800, 0x1801,
+	0x1804, 0x1804,
+	0x1806, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+}; /* CR_Mongolian */
+
+/* 'Hiragana': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hiragana[] = {
+	6,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x309d, 0x309f,
+	0x1b001, 0x1b11f,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1f200, 0x1f200,
+}; /* CR_Hiragana */
+
+/* 'Katakana': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Katakana[] = {
+	14,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+	0x30fd, 0x30ff,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3357,
+	0xff66, 0xff6f,
+	0xff71, 0xff9d,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b000,
+	0x1b120, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+}; /* CR_Katakana */
+
+/* 'Bopomofo': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bopomofo[] = {
+	3,
+	0x02ea, 0x02eb,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+}; /* CR_Bopomofo */
+
+/* 'Han': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Han[] = {
+	21,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x3005, 0x3005,
+	0x3007, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3038, 0x303b,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0x16fe2, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Han */
+
+/* 'Yi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Yi[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+}; /* CR_Yi */
+
+/* 'Old_Italic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Italic[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1032f,
+}; /* CR_Old_Italic */
+
+/* 'Gothic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gothic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+}; /* CR_Gothic */
+
+/* 'Deseret': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Deseret[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10400, 0x1044f,
+}; /* CR_Deseret */
+
+/* 'Inherited': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inherited[] = {
+	30,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0485, 0x0486,
+	0x064b, 0x0655,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x0951, 0x0954,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x302a, 0x302d,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2d,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133b,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Inherited */
+
+/* 'Tagalog': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tagalog[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x171f,
+}; /* CR_Tagalog */
+
+/* 'Hanunoo': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hanunoo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1720, 0x1734,
+}; /* CR_Hanunoo */
+
+/* 'Buhid': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Buhid[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+}; /* CR_Buhid */
+
+/* 'Tagbanwa': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tagbanwa[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+}; /* CR_Tagbanwa */
+
+/* 'Limbu': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Limbu[] = {
+	5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x194f,
+}; /* CR_Limbu */
+
+/* 'Tai_Le': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Le[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1950, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+}; /* CR_Tai_Le */
+
+/* 'Linear_B': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Linear_B[] = {
+	7,
+	0x10000, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+}; /* CR_Linear_B */
+
+/* 'Ugaritic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ugaritic[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+}; /* CR_Ugaritic */
+
+/* 'Shavian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Shavian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10450, 0x1047f,
+}; /* CR_Shavian */
+
+/* 'Osmanya': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Osmanya[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10480, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+}; /* CR_Osmanya */
+
+/* 'Cypriot': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cypriot[] = {
+	6,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
+}; /* CR_Cypriot */
+
+/* 'Braille': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Braille[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2800, 0x28ff,
+}; /* CR_Braille */
+
+/* 'Buginese': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Buginese[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+}; /* CR_Buginese */
+
+/* 'Coptic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Coptic[] = {
+	3,
+	0x03e2, 0x03ef,
+	0x2c80, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cff,
+}; /* CR_Coptic */
+
+/* 'New_Tai_Lue': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_New_Tai_Lue[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x19df,
+}; /* CR_New_Tai_Lue */
+
+/* 'Glagolitic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Glagolitic[] = {
+	6,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c5f,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+}; /* CR_Glagolitic */
+
+/* 'Tifinagh': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tifinagh[] = {
+	3,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+}; /* CR_Tifinagh */
+
+/* 'Syloti_Nagri': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Syloti_Nagri[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa800, 0xa82c,
+}; /* CR_Syloti_Nagri */
+
+/* 'Old_Persian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Persian[] = {
+	2,
+	0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+}; /* CR_Old_Persian */
+
+/* 'Kharoshthi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kharoshthi[] = {
+	8,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+}; /* CR_Kharoshthi */
+
+/* 'Balinese': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Balinese[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b7f,
+}; /* CR_Balinese */
+
+/* 'Cuneiform': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cuneiform[] = {
+	4,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+}; /* CR_Cuneiform */
+
+/* 'Phoenician': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Phoenician[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+}; /* CR_Phoenician */
+
+/* 'Phags_Pa': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Phags_Pa[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+}; /* CR_Phags_Pa */
+
+/* 'Nko': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nko[] = {
+	2,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x07ff,
+}; /* CR_Nko */
+
+/* 'Sundanese': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sundanese[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bbf,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+}; /* CR_Sundanese */
+
+/* 'Lepcha': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lepcha[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+}; /* CR_Lepcha */
+
+/* 'Ol_Chiki': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ol_Chiki[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1c50, 0x1c7f,
+}; /* CR_Ol_Chiki */
+
+/* 'Vai': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Vai[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa500, 0xa62b,
+}; /* CR_Vai */
+
+/* 'Saurashtra': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Saurashtra[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+}; /* CR_Saurashtra */
+
+/* 'Kayah_Li': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kayah_Li[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa900, 0xa92d,
+	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
+}; /* CR_Kayah_Li */
+
+/* 'Rejang': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Rejang[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa930, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
+}; /* CR_Rejang */
+
+/* 'Lycian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lycian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+}; /* CR_Lycian */
+
+/* 'Carian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Carian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+}; /* CR_Carian */
+
+/* 'Lydian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lydian[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10920, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+}; /* CR_Lydian */
+
+/* 'Cham': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cham[] = {
+	4,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
+}; /* CR_Cham */
+
+/* 'Tai_Tham': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Tham[] = {
+	5,
+	0x1a20, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+}; /* CR_Tai_Tham */
+
+/* 'Tai_Viet': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Viet[] = {
+	2,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
+}; /* CR_Tai_Viet */
+
+/* 'Avestan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Avestan[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b3f,
+}; /* CR_Avestan */
+
+/* 'Egyptian_Hieroglyphs': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
+	2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+}; /* CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs */
+
+/* 'Samaritan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Samaritan[] = {
+	2,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+}; /* CR_Samaritan */
+
+/* 'Lisu': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Lisu[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4ff,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+}; /* CR_Lisu */
+
+/* 'Bamum': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bamum[] = {
+	2,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+}; /* CR_Bamum */
+
+/* 'Javanese': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Javanese[] = {
+	3,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+}; /* CR_Javanese */
+
+/* 'Meetei_Mayek': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meetei_Mayek[] = {
+	3,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+}; /* CR_Meetei_Mayek */
+
+/* 'Imperial_Aramaic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Imperial_Aramaic[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10840, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+}; /* CR_Imperial_Aramaic */
+
+/* 'Old_South_Arabian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_South_Arabian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+}; /* CR_Old_South_Arabian */
+
+/* 'Inscriptional_Parthian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inscriptional_Parthian[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b5f,
+}; /* CR_Inscriptional_Parthian */
+
+/* 'Inscriptional_Pahlavi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+}; /* CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi */
+
+/* 'Old_Turkic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Turkic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+}; /* CR_Old_Turkic */
+
+/* 'Kaithi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kaithi[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11080, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+}; /* CR_Kaithi */
+
+/* 'Batak': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Batak[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1bc0, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1bff,
+}; /* CR_Batak */
+
+/* 'Brahmi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Brahmi[] = {
+	3,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x1107f,
+}; /* CR_Brahmi */
+
+/* 'Mandaic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mandaic[] = {
+	2,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+}; /* CR_Mandaic */
+
+/* 'Chakma': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Chakma[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+}; /* CR_Chakma */
+
+/* 'Meroitic_Cursive': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meroitic_Cursive[] = {
+	3,
+	0x109a0, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x109ff,
+}; /* CR_Meroitic_Cursive */
+
+/* 'Meroitic_Hieroglyphs': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10980, 0x1099f,
+}; /* CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs */
+
+/* 'Miao': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Miao[] = {
+	3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+}; /* CR_Miao */
+
+/* 'Sharada': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sharada[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+}; /* CR_Sharada */
+
+/* 'Sora_Sompeng': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sora_Sompeng[] = {
+	2,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+}; /* CR_Sora_Sompeng */
+
+/* 'Takri': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Takri[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+}; /* CR_Takri */
+
+/* 'Caucasian_Albanian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Caucasian_Albanian[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+}; /* CR_Caucasian_Albanian */
+
+/* 'Bassa_Vah': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bassa_Vah[] = {
+	2,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+}; /* CR_Bassa_Vah */
+
+/* 'Duployan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Duployan[] = {
+	5,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bc9f,
+}; /* CR_Duployan */
+
+/* 'Elbasan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Elbasan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+}; /* CR_Elbasan */
+
+/* 'Grantha': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grantha[] = {
+	15,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133c, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+}; /* CR_Grantha */
+
+/* 'Pahawh_Hmong': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pahawh_Hmong[] = {
+	5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+}; /* CR_Pahawh_Hmong */
+
+/* 'Khojki': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khojki[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+}; /* CR_Khojki */
+
+/* 'Linear_A': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Linear_A[] = {
+	3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+}; /* CR_Linear_A */
+
+/* 'Mahajani': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mahajani[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+}; /* CR_Mahajani */
+
+/* 'Manichaean': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Manichaean[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+}; /* CR_Manichaean */
+
+/* 'Mende_Kikakui': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mende_Kikakui[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+}; /* CR_Mende_Kikakui */
+
+/* 'Modi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Modi[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+}; /* CR_Modi */
+
+/* 'Mro': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Mro[] = {
+	3,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+}; /* CR_Mro */
+
+/* 'Old_North_Arabian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_North_Arabian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10a80, 0x10a9f,
+}; /* CR_Old_North_Arabian */
+
+/* 'Nabataean': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nabataean[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10880, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+}; /* CR_Nabataean */
+
+/* 'Palmyrene': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Palmyrene[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10860, 0x1087f,
+}; /* CR_Palmyrene */
+
+/* 'Pau_Cin_Hau': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pau_Cin_Hau[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+}; /* CR_Pau_Cin_Hau */
+
+/* 'Old_Permic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Permic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+}; /* CR_Old_Permic */
+
+/* 'Psalter_Pahlavi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Psalter_Pahlavi[] = {
+	3,
+	0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+}; /* CR_Psalter_Pahlavi */
+
+/* 'Siddham': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Siddham[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+}; /* CR_Siddham */
+
+/* 'Khudawadi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khudawadi[] = {
+	2,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+}; /* CR_Khudawadi */
+
+/* 'Tirhuta': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tirhuta[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+}; /* CR_Tirhuta */
+
+/* 'Warang_Citi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Warang_Citi[] = {
+	2,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+}; /* CR_Warang_Citi */
+
+/* 'Ahom': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ahom[] = {
+	3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+}; /* CR_Ahom */
+
+/* 'Anatolian_Hieroglyphs': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+}; /* CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs */
+
+/* 'Hatran': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hatran[] = {
+	3,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x108ff,
+}; /* CR_Hatran */
+
+/* 'Multani': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Multani[] = {
+	5,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+}; /* CR_Multani */
+
+/* 'Old_Hungarian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Hungarian[] = {
+	3,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+}; /* CR_Old_Hungarian */
+
+/* 'SignWriting': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_SignWriting[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1d800, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+}; /* CR_SignWriting */
+
+/* 'Adlam': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Adlam[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+}; /* CR_Adlam */
+
+/* 'Bhaiksuki': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bhaiksuki[] = {
+	4,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+}; /* CR_Bhaiksuki */
+
+/* 'Marchen': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Marchen[] = {
+	3,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+}; /* CR_Marchen */
+
+/* 'Newa': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Newa[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+}; /* CR_Newa */
+
+/* 'Osage': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Osage[] = {
+	2,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+}; /* CR_Osage */
+
+/* 'Tangut': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tangut[] = {
+	4,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe0,
+	0x17000, 0x18aff,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+}; /* CR_Tangut */
+
+/* 'Masaram_Gondi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Masaram_Gondi[] = {
+	7,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+}; /* CR_Masaram_Gondi */
+
+/* 'Nushu': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nushu[] = {
+	2,
+	0x16fe1, 0x16fe1,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+}; /* CR_Nushu */
+
+/* 'Soyombo': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Soyombo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+}; /* CR_Soyombo */
+
+/* 'Zanabazar_Square': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Zanabazar_Square[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+}; /* CR_Zanabazar_Square */
+
+/* 'Dogra': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dogra[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+}; /* CR_Dogra */
+
+/* 'Gunjala_Gondi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gunjala_Gondi[] = {
+	6,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+}; /* CR_Gunjala_Gondi */
+
+/* 'Makasar': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Makasar[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+}; /* CR_Makasar */
+
+/* 'Medefaidrin': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Medefaidrin[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+}; /* CR_Medefaidrin */
+
+/* 'Hanifi_Rohingya': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hanifi_Rohingya[] = {
+	2,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+}; /* CR_Hanifi_Rohingya */
+
+/* 'Sogdian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sogdian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+}; /* CR_Sogdian */
+
+/* 'Old_Sogdian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Sogdian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+}; /* CR_Old_Sogdian */
+
+/* 'Elymaic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Elymaic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+}; /* CR_Elymaic */
+
+/* 'Nandinagari': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nandinagari[] = {
+	3,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+}; /* CR_Nandinagari */
+
+/* 'Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+}; /* CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong */
+
+/* 'Wancho': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Wancho[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+}; /* CR_Wancho */
+
+/* 'Chorasmian': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Chorasmian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+}; /* CR_Chorasmian */
+
+/* 'Dives_Akuru': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dives_Akuru[] = {
+	8,
+	0x11900, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+}; /* CR_Dives_Akuru */
+
+/* 'Khitan_Small_Script': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Khitan_Small_Script[] = {
+	3,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x18b00, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18cff,
+}; /* CR_Khitan_Small_Script */
+
+/* 'Yezidi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Yezidi[] = {
+	3,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+}; /* CR_Yezidi */
+
+/* 'Cypro_Minoan': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Cypro_Minoan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+}; /* CR_Cypro_Minoan */
+
+/* 'Old_Uyghur': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Old_Uyghur[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+}; /* CR_Old_Uyghur */
+
+/* 'Tangsa': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tangsa[] = {
+	2,
+	0x16a70, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+}; /* CR_Tangsa */
+
+/* 'Toto': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Toto[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+}; /* CR_Toto */
+
+/* 'Vithkuqi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Vithkuqi[] = {
+	8,
+	0x10570, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+}; /* CR_Vithkuqi */
+
+/* 'Kawi': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kawi[] = {
+	3,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+}; /* CR_Kawi */
+
+/* 'Nag_Mundari': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Nag_Mundari[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+}; /* CR_Nag_Mundari */
+
+/* 'Garay': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Garay[] = {
+	3,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+}; /* CR_Garay */
+
+/* 'Gurung_Khema': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Gurung_Khema[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+}; /* CR_Gurung_Khema */
+
+/* 'Kirat_Rai': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Kirat_Rai[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+}; /* CR_Kirat_Rai */
+
+/* 'Ol_Onal': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ol_Onal[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+}; /* CR_Ol_Onal */
+
+/* 'Sunuwar': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sunuwar[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+}; /* CR_Sunuwar */
+
+/* 'Todhri': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Todhri[] = {
+	1,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+}; /* CR_Todhri */
+
+/* 'Tulu_Tigalari': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tulu_Tigalari[] = {
+	11,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+}; /* CR_Tulu_Tigalari */
+
+/* 'Sidetic': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sidetic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10940, 0x10959,
+}; /* CR_Sidetic */
+
+/* 'Tai_Yo': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tai_Yo[] = {
+	3,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+}; /* CR_Tai_Yo */
+
+/* 'Tolong_Siki': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Tolong_Siki[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+}; /* CR_Tolong_Siki */
+
+/* 'Beria_Erfe': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Beria_Erfe[] = {
+	2,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+}; /* CR_Beria_Erfe */
+
+/* 'White_Space': Binary Property */
+#define CR_White_Space CR_Space
+
+/* 'Bidi_Control': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Bidi_Control[] = {
+	4,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x200e, 0x200f,
+	0x202a, 0x202e,
+	0x2066, 0x2069,
+}; /* CR_Bidi_Control */
+
+/* 'Join_Control': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Join_Control[] = {
+	1,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+}; /* CR_Join_Control */
+
+/* 'Dash': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Dash[] = {
+	24,
+	0x002d, 0x002d,
+	0x058a, 0x058a,
+	0x05be, 0x05be,
+	0x1400, 0x1400,
+	0x1806, 0x1806,
+	0x2010, 0x2015,
+	0x2053, 0x2053,
+	0x207b, 0x207b,
+	0x208b, 0x208b,
+	0x2212, 0x2212,
+	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
+	0x2e1a, 0x2e1a,
+	0x2e3a, 0x2e3b,
+	0x2e40, 0x2e40,
+	0x2e5d, 0x2e5d,
+	0x301c, 0x301c,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x30a0, 0x30a0,
+	0xfe31, 0xfe32,
+	0xfe58, 0xfe58,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
+	0x10d6e, 0x10d6e,
+	0x10ead, 0x10ead,
+}; /* CR_Dash */
+
+/* 'Hyphen': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hyphen[] = {
+	10,
+	0x002d, 0x002d,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x058a, 0x058a,
+	0x1806, 0x1806,
+	0x2010, 0x2011,
+	0x2e17, 0x2e17,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xff0d, 0xff0d,
+	0xff65, 0xff65,
+}; /* CR_Hyphen */
+
+/* 'Quotation_Mark': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Quotation_Mark[] = {
+	13,
+	0x0022, 0x0022,
+	0x0027, 0x0027,
+	0x00ab, 0x00ab,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
+	0x2018, 0x201f,
+	0x2039, 0x203a,
+	0x2e42, 0x2e42,
+	0x300c, 0x300f,
+	0x301d, 0x301f,
+	0xfe41, 0xfe44,
+	0xff02, 0xff02,
+	0xff07, 0xff07,
+	0xff62, 0xff63,
+}; /* CR_Quotation_Mark */
+
+/* 'Terminal_Punctuation': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Terminal_Punctuation[] = {
+	116,
+	0x0021, 0x0021,
+	0x002c, 0x002c,
+	0x002e, 0x002e,
+	0x003a, 0x003b,
+	0x003f, 0x003f,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x05c3, 0x05c3,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061d, 0x061f,
+	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
+	0x0700, 0x070a,
+	0x070c, 0x070c,
+	0x07f8, 0x07f9,
+	0x0830, 0x0835,
+	0x0837, 0x083e,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x0e5a, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0f08, 0x0f08,
+	0x0f0d, 0x0f12,
+	0x104a, 0x104b,
+	0x1361, 0x1368,
+	0x166e, 0x166e,
+	0x16eb, 0x16ed,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x17d4, 0x17d6,
+	0x17da, 0x17da,
+	0x1802, 0x1805,
+	0x1808, 0x1809,
+	0x1944, 0x1945,
+	0x1aa8, 0x1aab,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b4f,
+	0x1b5a, 0x1b5b,
+	0x1b5d, 0x1b5f,
+	0x1b7d, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c3f,
+	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
+	0x2024, 0x2024,
+	0x203c, 0x203d,
+	0x2047, 0x2049,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cfb,
+	0x2e2e, 0x2e2e,
+	0x2e3c, 0x2e3c,
+	0x2e41, 0x2e41,
+	0x2e4c, 0x2e4c,
+	0x2e4e, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e53, 0x2e54,
+	0x3001, 0x3002,
+	0xa4fe, 0xa4ff,
+	0xa60d, 0xa60f,
+	0xa6f3, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa876, 0xa877,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
+	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
+	0xa9c7, 0xa9c9,
+	0xaa5d, 0xaa5f,
+	0xaadf, 0xaadf,
+	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
+	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
+	0xfe12, 0xfe12,
+	0xfe15, 0xfe16,
+	0xfe50, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe57,
+	0xff01, 0xff01,
+	0xff0c, 0xff0c,
+	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
+	0xff1a, 0xff1b,
+	0xff1f, 0xff1f,
+	0xff61, 0xff61,
+	0xff64, 0xff64,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+	0x103d0, 0x103d0,
+	0x10857, 0x10857,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+	0x10a56, 0x10a57,
+	0x10af0, 0x10af5,
+	0x10b3a, 0x10b3f,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x11047, 0x1104d,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x11141, 0x11143,
+	0x111c5, 0x111c6,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111de, 0x111df,
+	0x11238, 0x1123c,
+	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
+	0x113d4, 0x113d5,
+	0x1144b, 0x1144d,
+	0x1145a, 0x1145b,
+	0x115c2, 0x115c5,
+	0x115c9, 0x115d7,
+	0x11641, 0x11642,
+	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
+	0x11944, 0x11944,
+	0x11946, 0x11946,
+	0x11a42, 0x11a43,
+	0x11a9b, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11aa1, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11c41, 0x11c43,
+	0x11c71, 0x11c71,
+	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f44,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b39,
+	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
+	0x16d6e, 0x16d6f,
+	0x16e97, 0x16e98,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1da87, 0x1da8a,
+}; /* CR_Terminal_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'Other_Math': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Math[] = {
+	134,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d2,
+	0x03d5, 0x03d5,
+	0x03f0, 0x03f1,
+	0x03f4, 0x03f5,
+	0x2016, 0x2016,
+	0x2032, 0x2034,
+	0x2040, 0x2040,
+	0x2061, 0x2064,
+	0x207d, 0x207e,
+	0x208d, 0x208e,
+	0x20d0, 0x20dc,
+	0x20e1, 0x20e1,
+	0x20e5, 0x20e6,
+	0x20eb, 0x20ef,
+	0x2102, 0x2102,
+	0x2107, 0x2107,
+	0x210a, 0x2113,
+	0x2115, 0x2115,
+	0x2119, 0x211d,
+	0x2124, 0x2124,
+	0x2128, 0x2129,
+	0x212c, 0x212d,
+	0x212f, 0x2131,
+	0x2133, 0x2138,
+	0x213c, 0x213f,
+	0x2145, 0x2149,
+	0x2195, 0x2199,
+	0x219c, 0x219f,
+	0x21a1, 0x21a2,
+	0x21a4, 0x21a5,
+	0x21a7, 0x21a7,
+	0x21a9, 0x21ad,
+	0x21b0, 0x21b1,
+	0x21b6, 0x21b7,
+	0x21bc, 0x21cd,
+	0x21d0, 0x21d1,
+	0x21d3, 0x21d3,
+	0x21d5, 0x21db,
+	0x21dd, 0x21dd,
+	0x21e4, 0x21e5,
+	0x2308, 0x230b,
+	0x23b4, 0x23b5,
+	0x23b7, 0x23b7,
+	0x23d0, 0x23d0,
+	0x23e2, 0x23e2,
+	0x25a0, 0x25a1,
+	0x25ae, 0x25b6,
+	0x25bc, 0x25c0,
+	0x25c6, 0x25c7,
+	0x25ca, 0x25cb,
+	0x25cf, 0x25d3,
+	0x25e2, 0x25e2,
+	0x25e4, 0x25e4,
+	0x25e7, 0x25ec,
+	0x2605, 0x2606,
+	0x2640, 0x2640,
+	0x2642, 0x2642,
+	0x2660, 0x2663,
+	0x266d, 0x266e,
+	0x27c5, 0x27c6,
+	0x27e6, 0x27ef,
+	0x2983, 0x2998,
+	0x29d8, 0x29db,
+	0x29fc, 0x29fd,
+	0xfe61, 0xfe61,
+	0xfe63, 0xfe63,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe68,
+	0xff3c, 0xff3c,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+	0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+	0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+	0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+	0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+	0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+	0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+	0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+	0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+	0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+	0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+}; /* CR_Other_Math */
+
+/* 'Hex_Digit': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Hex_Digit[] = {
+	6,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x0041, 0x0046,
+	0x0061, 0x0066,
+	0xff10, 0xff19,
+	0xff21, 0xff26,
+	0xff41, 0xff46,
+}; /* CR_Hex_Digit */
+
+/* 'ASCII_Hex_Digit': Binary Property */
+#define CR_ASCII_Hex_Digit CR_XDigit
+
+/* 'Other_Alphabetic': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Alphabetic[] = {
+	255,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x0363, 0x036f,
+	0x05b0, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x0657,
+	0x0659, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06e1, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ed, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x073f,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x0816, 0x0817,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082c,
+	0x0897, 0x0897,
+	0x08d4, 0x08df,
+	0x08e3, 0x08e9,
+	0x08f0, 0x0903,
+	0x093a, 0x093b,
+	0x093e, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x094f,
+	0x0955, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4c,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0abe, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0afc,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4c,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccc,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e4d, 0x0e4d,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ecd, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f83,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x102b, 0x1036,
+	0x1038, 0x1038,
+	0x103b, 0x103e,
+	0x1056, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1062, 0x1064,
+	0x1067, 0x106d,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x108d,
+	0x108f, 0x108f,
+	0x109a, 0x109d,
+	0x1712, 0x1713,
+	0x1732, 0x1733,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b6, 0x17c8,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1938,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a55, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a61, 0x1a74,
+	0x1abf, 0x1ac0,
+	0x1acc, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b04,
+	0x1b35, 0x1b43,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b82,
+	0x1ba1, 0x1ba9,
+	0x1bac, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be7, 0x1bf1,
+	0x1c24, 0x1c36,
+	0x1dd3, 0x1df4,
+	0x24b6, 0x24e9,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0xa674, 0xa67b,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa823, 0xa827,
+	0xa880, 0xa881,
+	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa8c5, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92a,
+	0xa947, 0xa952,
+	0xa980, 0xa983,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9bf,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabe,
+	0xaaeb, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
+	0xabe3, 0xabea,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d69,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10efc,
+	0x11000, 0x11002,
+	0x11038, 0x11045,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x11080, 0x11082,
+	0x110b0, 0x110b8,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x11132,
+	0x11145, 0x11146,
+	0x11180, 0x11182,
+	0x111b3, 0x111bf,
+	0x111ce, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122c, 0x11234,
+	0x11237, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112e8,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x1133e, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11362, 0x11363,
+	0x113b8, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x11435, 0x11441,
+	0x11443, 0x11445,
+	0x114b0, 0x114c1,
+	0x115af, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115be,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11630, 0x1163e,
+	0x11640, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116b5,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172a,
+	0x1182c, 0x11838,
+	0x11930, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193c,
+	0x11940, 0x11940,
+	0x11942, 0x11942,
+	0x119d1, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119df,
+	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a35, 0x11a39,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a97,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11c2f, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d41,
+	0x11d43, 0x11d43,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d96,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
+	0x11f34, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f40,
+	0x1611e, 0x1612e,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1bc9e, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e947, 0x1e947,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+}; /* CR_Other_Alphabetic */
+
+/* 'Ideographic': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Ideographic[] = {
+	21,
+	0x3006, 0x3007,
+	0x3021, 0x3029,
+	0x3038, 0x303a,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
+	0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Ideographic */
+
+/* 'Diacritic': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Diacritic[] = {
+	220,
+	0x005e, 0x005e,
+	0x0060, 0x0060,
+	0x00a8, 0x00a8,
+	0x00af, 0x00af,
+	0x00b4, 0x00b4,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b8,
+	0x02b0, 0x034e,
+	0x0350, 0x0357,
+	0x035d, 0x0362,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x0384, 0x0385,
+	0x0483, 0x0487,
+	0x0559, 0x0559,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x064b, 0x0652,
+	0x0657, 0x0658,
+	0x06df, 0x06e0,
+	0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ec,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f5,
+	0x0818, 0x0819,
+	0x0898, 0x089f,
+	0x08c9, 0x08d2,
+	0x08e3, 0x08fe,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x0951, 0x0954,
+	0x0971, 0x0971,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a4d, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0afd, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b55,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c4d, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0ccd, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0e3a, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4c,
+	0x0e4e, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eba, 0x0eba,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecc,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
+	0x0f82, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x1037, 0x1037,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x1063, 0x1064,
+	0x1069, 0x106d,
+	0x1087, 0x108d,
+	0x108f, 0x108f,
+	0x109a, 0x109b,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1714, 0x1715,
+	0x1734, 0x1734,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1a75, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1ac1, 0x1acb,
+	0x1acf, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b34,
+	0x1b44, 0x1b44,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1baa, 0x1bab,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c78, 0x1c7d,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf7, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
+	0x1d9b, 0x1dbe,
+	0x1dc4, 0x1dcf,
+	0x1df5, 0x1dff,
+	0x1fbd, 0x1fbd,
+	0x1fbf, 0x1fc1,
+	0x1fcd, 0x1fcf,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fdf,
+	0x1fed, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ffd, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2e2f, 0x2e2f,
+	0x302a, 0x302f,
+	0x3099, 0x309c,
+	0x30fc, 0x30fc,
+	0xa66f, 0xa66f,
+	0xa67c, 0xa67d,
+	0xa67f, 0xa67f,
+	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa700, 0xa721,
+	0xa788, 0xa78a,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f1,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa92b, 0xa92e,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa7b, 0xaa7d,
+	0xaabf, 0xaac2,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab5b, 0xab5f,
+	0xab69, 0xab6b,
+	0xabec, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xff3e, 0xff3e,
+	0xff40, 0xff40,
+	0xff70, 0xff70,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0xffe3, 0xffe3,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d22, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d4e, 0x10d4e,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10efa, 0x10efa,
+	0x10efd, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11046, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x11133, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x111ca, 0x111cc,
+	0x11235, 0x11236,
+	0x112e9, 0x112ea,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113ce, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d3,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11442, 0x11442,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x1163f, 0x1163f,
+	0x116b6, 0x116b7,
+	0x1172b, 0x1172b,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x1193d, 0x1193e,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a34, 0x11a34,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a99, 0x11a99,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11d42, 0x11d42,
+	0x11d44, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11dd9, 0x11dd9,
+	0x11f41, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1612f, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16d6b, 0x16d6c,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d167, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e946,
+	0x1e948, 0x1e94a,
+}; /* CR_Diacritic */
+
+/* 'Extender': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Extender[] = {
+	43,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
+	0x02d0, 0x02d1,
+	0x0640, 0x0640,
+	0x07fa, 0x07fa,
+	0x0a71, 0x0a71,
+	0x0afb, 0x0afb,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b55,
+	0x0e46, 0x0e46,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x180a, 0x180a,
+	0x1843, 0x1843,
+	0x1aa7, 0x1aa7,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c36,
+	0x1c7b, 0x1c7b,
+	0x3005, 0x3005,
+	0x3031, 0x3035,
+	0x309d, 0x309e,
+	0x30fc, 0x30fe,
+	0xa015, 0xa015,
+	0xa60c, 0xa60c,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9cf,
+	0xa9e6, 0xa9e6,
+	0xaa70, 0xaa70,
+	0xaadd, 0xaadd,
+	0xaaf3, 0xaaf4,
+	0xff70, 0xff70,
+	0x10781, 0x10782,
+	0x10d4e, 0x10d4e,
+	0x10d6a, 0x10d6a,
+	0x10d6f, 0x10d6f,
+	0x11237, 0x11237,
+	0x1135d, 0x1135d,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d3,
+	0x115c6, 0x115c8,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a98,
+	0x11dd9, 0x11dd9,
+	0x16b42, 0x16b43,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x16fe3, 0x16fe3,
+	0x16ff2, 0x16ff3,
+	0x1e13c, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e5ef, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e946,
+}; /* CR_Extender */
+
+/* 'Other_Lowercase': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Lowercase[] = {
+	28,
+	0x00aa, 0x00aa,
+	0x00ba, 0x00ba,
+	0x02b0, 0x02b8,
+	0x02c0, 0x02c1,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+	0x0345, 0x0345,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x10fc, 0x10fc,
+	0x1d2c, 0x1d6a,
+	0x1d78, 0x1d78,
+	0x1d9b, 0x1dbf,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x207f, 0x207f,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x2170, 0x217f,
+	0x24d0, 0x24e9,
+	0x2c7c, 0x2c7d,
+	0xa69c, 0xa69d,
+	0xa770, 0xa770,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa7f4,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa7f9,
+	0xab5c, 0xab5f,
+	0xab69, 0xab69,
+	0x10780, 0x10780,
+	0x10783, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+}; /* CR_Other_Lowercase */
+
+/* 'Other_Uppercase': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Uppercase[] = {
+	5,
+	0x2160, 0x216f,
+	0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f149,
+	0x1f150, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f189,
+}; /* CR_Other_Uppercase */
+
+/* 'Noncharacter_Code_Point': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point[] = {
+	18,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
+	0xfffe, 0xffff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xefffe, 0xeffff,
+	0xffffe, 0xfffff,
+	0x10fffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point */
+
+/* 'Other_Grapheme_Extend': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend[] = {
+	49,
+	0x09be, 0x09be,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b3e,
+	0x0b57, 0x0b57,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0cc0, 0x0cc0,
+	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
+	0x0cc7, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccb,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
+	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
+	0x1715, 0x1715,
+	0x1734, 0x1734,
+	0x1b35, 0x1b35,
+	0x1b3b, 0x1b3b,
+	0x1b3d, 0x1b3d,
+	0x1b43, 0x1b44,
+	0x1baa, 0x1baa,
+	0x1bf2, 0x1bf3,
+	0x200c, 0x200c,
+	0x302e, 0x302f,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x11235, 0x11235,
+	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x113b8, 0x113b8,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113c9,
+	0x113cf, 0x113cf,
+	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
+	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
+	0x115af, 0x115af,
+	0x116b6, 0x116b6,
+	0x11930, 0x11930,
+	0x1193d, 0x1193d,
+	0x11f41, 0x11f41,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d166,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+}; /* CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend */
+
+/* 'IDS_Binary_Operator': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_IDS_Binary_Operator[] = {
+	3,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ff1,
+	0x2ff4, 0x2ffd,
+	0x31ef, 0x31ef,
+}; /* CR_IDS_Binary_Operator */
+
+/* 'IDS_Trinary_Operator': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2ff2, 0x2ff3,
+}; /* CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator */
+
+/* 'IDS_Unary_Operator': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_IDS_Unary_Operator[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2ffe, 0x2fff,
+}; /* CR_IDS_Unary_Operator */
+
+/* 'Radical': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Radical[] = {
+	3,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+}; /* CR_Radical */
+
+/* 'Unified_Ideograph': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Unified_Ideograph[] = {
+	16,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
+	0xfa0e, 0xfa0f,
+	0xfa11, 0xfa11,
+	0xfa13, 0xfa14,
+	0xfa1f, 0xfa1f,
+	0xfa21, 0xfa21,
+	0xfa23, 0xfa24,
+	0xfa27, 0xfa29,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x30000, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+}; /* CR_Unified_Ideograph */
+
+/* 'Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point[] = {
+	11,
+	0x034f, 0x034f,
+	0x115f, 0x1160,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x2065, 0x2065,
+	0x3164, 0x3164,
+	0xffa0, 0xffa0,
+	0xfff0, 0xfff8,
+	0xe0000, 0xe0000,
+	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
+	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0xe0fff,
+}; /* CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point */
+
+/* 'Deprecated': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Deprecated[] = {
+	8,
+	0x0149, 0x0149,
+	0x0673, 0x0673,
+	0x0f77, 0x0f77,
+	0x0f79, 0x0f79,
+	0x17a3, 0x17a4,
+	0x206a, 0x206f,
+	0x2329, 0x232a,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+}; /* CR_Deprecated */
+
+/* 'Soft_Dotted': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Soft_Dotted[] = {
+	34,
+	0x0069, 0x006a,
+	0x012f, 0x012f,
+	0x0249, 0x0249,
+	0x0268, 0x0268,
+	0x029d, 0x029d,
+	0x02b2, 0x02b2,
+	0x03f3, 0x03f3,
+	0x0456, 0x0456,
+	0x0458, 0x0458,
+	0x1d62, 0x1d62,
+	0x1d96, 0x1d96,
+	0x1da4, 0x1da4,
+	0x1da8, 0x1da8,
+	0x1e2d, 0x1e2d,
+	0x1ecb, 0x1ecb,
+	0x2071, 0x2071,
+	0x2148, 0x2149,
+	0x2c7c, 0x2c7c,
+	0x1d422, 0x1d423,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d457,
+	0x1d48a, 0x1d48b,
+	0x1d4be, 0x1d4bf,
+	0x1d4f2, 0x1d4f3,
+	0x1d526, 0x1d527,
+	0x1d55a, 0x1d55b,
+	0x1d58e, 0x1d58f,
+	0x1d5c2, 0x1d5c3,
+	0x1d5f6, 0x1d5f7,
+	0x1d62a, 0x1d62b,
+	0x1d65e, 0x1d65f,
+	0x1d692, 0x1d693,
+	0x1df1a, 0x1df1a,
+	0x1e04c, 0x1e04d,
+	0x1e068, 0x1e068,
+}; /* CR_Soft_Dotted */
+
+/* 'Logical_Order_Exception': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Logical_Order_Exception[] = {
+	7,
+	0x0e40, 0x0e44,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x19b5, 0x19b7,
+	0x19ba, 0x19ba,
+	0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+	0xaab9, 0xaab9,
+	0xaabb, 0xaabc,
+}; /* CR_Logical_Order_Exception */
+
+/* 'Other_ID_Start': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_ID_Start[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x2118, 0x2118,
+	0x212e, 0x212e,
+	0x309b, 0x309c,
+}; /* CR_Other_ID_Start */
+
+/* 'Other_ID_Continue': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Other_ID_Continue[] = {
+	7,
+	0x00b7, 0x00b7,
+	0x0387, 0x0387,
+	0x1369, 0x1371,
+	0x19da, 0x19da,
+	0x200c, 0x200d,
+	0x30fb, 0x30fb,
+	0xff65, 0xff65,
+}; /* CR_Other_ID_Continue */
+
+/* 'ID_Compat_Math_Continue': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Compat_Math_Continue[] = {
+	18,
+	0x00b2, 0x00b3,
+	0x00b9, 0x00b9,
+	0x2070, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x207e,
+	0x2080, 0x208e,
+	0x2202, 0x2202,
+	0x2207, 0x2207,
+	0x221e, 0x221e,
+	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
+	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
+	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
+	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
+	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
+	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
+	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
+	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
+	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
+	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
+}; /* CR_ID_Compat_Math_Continue */
+
+/* 'ID_Compat_Math_Start': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_ID_Compat_Math_Start[] = {
+	13,
+	0x2202, 0x2202,
+	0x2207, 0x2207,
+	0x221e, 0x221e,
+	0x1d6c1, 0x1d6c1,
+	0x1d6db, 0x1d6db,
+	0x1d6fb, 0x1d6fb,
+	0x1d715, 0x1d715,
+	0x1d735, 0x1d735,
+	0x1d74f, 0x1d74f,
+	0x1d76f, 0x1d76f,
+	0x1d789, 0x1d789,
+	0x1d7a9, 0x1d7a9,
+	0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c3,
+}; /* CR_ID_Compat_Math_Start */
+
+/* 'Sentence_Terminal': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Sentence_Terminal[] = {
+	88,
+	0x0021, 0x0021,
+	0x002e, 0x002e,
+	0x003f, 0x003f,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x061d, 0x061f,
+	0x06d4, 0x06d4,
+	0x0700, 0x0702,
+	0x07f9, 0x07f9,
+	0x0837, 0x0837,
+	0x0839, 0x0839,
+	0x083d, 0x083e,
+	0x0964, 0x0965,
+	0x104a, 0x104b,
+	0x1362, 0x1362,
+	0x1367, 0x1368,
+	0x166e, 0x166e,
+	0x1735, 0x1736,
+	0x17d4, 0x17d5,
+	0x1803, 0x1803,
+	0x1809, 0x1809,
+	0x1944, 0x1945,
+	0x1aa8, 0x1aab,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1b4f,
+	0x1b5a, 0x1b5b,
+	0x1b5e, 0x1b5f,
+	0x1b7d, 0x1b7f,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c3c,
+	0x1c7e, 0x1c7f,
+	0x2024, 0x2024,
+	0x203c, 0x203d,
+	0x2047, 0x2049,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2cfb,
+	0x2e2e, 0x2e2e,
+	0x2e3c, 0x2e3c,
+	0x2e53, 0x2e54,
+	0x3002, 0x3002,
+	0xa4ff, 0xa4ff,
+	0xa60e, 0xa60f,
+	0xa6f3, 0xa6f3,
+	0xa6f7, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa876, 0xa877,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8cf,
+	0xa92f, 0xa92f,
+	0xa9c8, 0xa9c9,
+	0xaa5d, 0xaa5f,
+	0xaaf0, 0xaaf1,
+	0xabeb, 0xabeb,
+	0xfe12, 0xfe12,
+	0xfe15, 0xfe16,
+	0xfe52, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe56, 0xfe57,
+	0xff01, 0xff01,
+	0xff0e, 0xff0e,
+	0xff1f, 0xff1f,
+	0xff61, 0xff61,
+	0x10a56, 0x10a57,
+	0x10f55, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f86, 0x10f89,
+	0x11047, 0x11048,
+	0x110be, 0x110c1,
+	0x11141, 0x11143,
+	0x111c5, 0x111c6,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111de, 0x111df,
+	0x11238, 0x11239,
+	0x1123b, 0x1123c,
+	0x112a9, 0x112a9,
+	0x113d4, 0x113d5,
+	0x1144b, 0x1144c,
+	0x115c2, 0x115c3,
+	0x115c9, 0x115d7,
+	0x11641, 0x11642,
+	0x1173c, 0x1173e,
+	0x11944, 0x11944,
+	0x11946, 0x11946,
+	0x11a42, 0x11a43,
+	0x11a9b, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11c41, 0x11c42,
+	0x11ef7, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f43, 0x11f44,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16af5, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b37, 0x16b38,
+	0x16b44, 0x16b44,
+	0x16d6e, 0x16d6f,
+	0x16e98, 0x16e98,
+	0x1bc9f, 0x1bc9f,
+	0x1da88, 0x1da88,
+}; /* CR_Sentence_Terminal */
+
+/* 'Variation_Selector': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Variation_Selector[] = {
+	4,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Variation_Selector */
+
+/* 'Pattern_White_Space': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pattern_White_Space[] = {
+	5,
+	0x0009, 0x000d,
+	0x0020, 0x0020,
+	0x0085, 0x0085,
+	0x200e, 0x200f,
+	0x2028, 0x2029,
+}; /* CR_Pattern_White_Space */
+
+/* 'Pattern_Syntax': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Pattern_Syntax[] = {
+	28,
+	0x0021, 0x002f,
+	0x003a, 0x0040,
+	0x005b, 0x005e,
+	0x0060, 0x0060,
+	0x007b, 0x007e,
+	0x00a1, 0x00a7,
+	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ab, 0x00ac,
+	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
+	0x00b0, 0x00b1,
+	0x00b6, 0x00b6,
+	0x00bb, 0x00bb,
+	0x00bf, 0x00bf,
+	0x00d7, 0x00d7,
+	0x00f7, 0x00f7,
+	0x2010, 0x2027,
+	0x2030, 0x203e,
+	0x2041, 0x2053,
+	0x2055, 0x205e,
+	0x2190, 0x245f,
+	0x2500, 0x2775,
+	0x2794, 0x2bff,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e7f,
+	0x3001, 0x3003,
+	0x3008, 0x3020,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0xfd3e, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfe45, 0xfe46,
+}; /* CR_Pattern_Syntax */
+
+/* 'Prepended_Concatenation_Mark': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark[] = {
+	7,
+	0x0600, 0x0605,
+	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
+	0x070f, 0x070f,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
+	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+}; /* CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark */
+
+/* 'Regional_Indicator': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Regional_Indicator[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
+}; /* CR_Regional_Indicator */
+
+/* 'Modifier_Combining_Mark': Binary Property */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Modifier_Combining_Mark[] = {
+	9,
+	0x0654, 0x0655,
+	0x0658, 0x0658,
+	0x06dc, 0x06dc,
+	0x06e3, 0x06e3,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x08ca, 0x08cb,
+	0x08cd, 0x08cf,
+	0x08d3, 0x08d3,
+	0x08f3, 0x08f3,
+}; /* CR_Modifier_Combining_Mark */
+
+/* 'Emoji': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji[] = {
+	151,
+	0x0023, 0x0023,
+	0x002a, 0x002a,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
+	0x203c, 0x203c,
+	0x2049, 0x2049,
+	0x2122, 0x2122,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x2194, 0x2199,
+	0x21a9, 0x21aa,
+	0x231a, 0x231b,
+	0x2328, 0x2328,
+	0x23cf, 0x23cf,
+	0x23e9, 0x23f3,
+	0x23f8, 0x23fa,
+	0x24c2, 0x24c2,
+	0x25aa, 0x25ab,
+	0x25b6, 0x25b6,
+	0x25c0, 0x25c0,
+	0x25fb, 0x25fe,
+	0x2600, 0x2604,
+	0x260e, 0x260e,
+	0x2611, 0x2611,
+	0x2614, 0x2615,
+	0x2618, 0x2618,
+	0x261d, 0x261d,
+	0x2620, 0x2620,
+	0x2622, 0x2623,
+	0x2626, 0x2626,
+	0x262a, 0x262a,
+	0x262e, 0x262f,
+	0x2638, 0x263a,
+	0x2640, 0x2640,
+	0x2642, 0x2642,
+	0x2648, 0x2653,
+	0x265f, 0x2660,
+	0x2663, 0x2663,
+	0x2665, 0x2666,
+	0x2668, 0x2668,
+	0x267b, 0x267b,
+	0x267e, 0x267f,
+	0x2692, 0x2697,
+	0x2699, 0x2699,
+	0x269b, 0x269c,
+	0x26a0, 0x26a1,
+	0x26a7, 0x26a7,
+	0x26aa, 0x26ab,
+	0x26b0, 0x26b1,
+	0x26bd, 0x26be,
+	0x26c4, 0x26c5,
+	0x26c8, 0x26c8,
+	0x26ce, 0x26cf,
+	0x26d1, 0x26d1,
+	0x26d3, 0x26d4,
+	0x26e9, 0x26ea,
+	0x26f0, 0x26f5,
+	0x26f7, 0x26fa,
+	0x26fd, 0x26fd,
+	0x2702, 0x2702,
+	0x2705, 0x2705,
+	0x2708, 0x270d,
+	0x270f, 0x270f,
+	0x2712, 0x2712,
+	0x2714, 0x2714,
+	0x2716, 0x2716,
+	0x271d, 0x271d,
+	0x2721, 0x2721,
+	0x2728, 0x2728,
+	0x2733, 0x2734,
+	0x2744, 0x2744,
+	0x2747, 0x2747,
+	0x274c, 0x274c,
+	0x274e, 0x274e,
+	0x2753, 0x2755,
+	0x2757, 0x2757,
+	0x2763, 0x2764,
+	0x2795, 0x2797,
+	0x27a1, 0x27a1,
+	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
+	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
+	0x2934, 0x2935,
+	0x2b05, 0x2b07,
+	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
+	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x303d, 0x303d,
+	0x3297, 0x3297,
+	0x3299, 0x3299,
+	0x1f004, 0x1f004,
+	0x1f0cf, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f171,
+	0x1f17e, 0x1f17f,
+	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
+	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
+	0x1f201, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
+	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
+	0x1f232, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f321,
+	0x1f324, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f396, 0x1f397,
+	0x1f399, 0x1f39b,
+	0x1f39e, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f3f3, 0x1f3f5,
+	0x1f3f7, 0x1f4fd,
+	0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f549, 0x1f54e,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f56f, 0x1f570,
+	0x1f573, 0x1f57a,
+	0x1f587, 0x1f587,
+	0x1f58a, 0x1f58d,
+	0x1f590, 0x1f590,
+	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
+	0x1f5a4, 0x1f5a5,
+	0x1f5a8, 0x1f5a8,
+	0x1f5b1, 0x1f5b2,
+	0x1f5bc, 0x1f5bc,
+	0x1f5c2, 0x1f5c4,
+	0x1f5d1, 0x1f5d3,
+	0x1f5dc, 0x1f5de,
+	0x1f5e1, 0x1f5e1,
+	0x1f5e3, 0x1f5e3,
+	0x1f5e8, 0x1f5e8,
+	0x1f5ef, 0x1f5ef,
+	0x1f5f3, 0x1f5f3,
+	0x1f5fa, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f6cb, 0x1f6d2,
+	0x1f6d5, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6e5,
+	0x1f6e9, 0x1f6e9,
+	0x1f6eb, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f0,
+	0x1f6f3, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
+	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
+	0x1f947, 0x1f9ff,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+}; /* CR_Emoji */
+
+/* 'Emoji_Presentation': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Presentation[] = {
+	81,
+	0x231a, 0x231b,
+	0x23e9, 0x23ec,
+	0x23f0, 0x23f0,
+	0x23f3, 0x23f3,
+	0x25fd, 0x25fe,
+	0x2614, 0x2615,
+	0x2648, 0x2653,
+	0x267f, 0x267f,
+	0x2693, 0x2693,
+	0x26a1, 0x26a1,
+	0x26aa, 0x26ab,
+	0x26bd, 0x26be,
+	0x26c4, 0x26c5,
+	0x26ce, 0x26ce,
+	0x26d4, 0x26d4,
+	0x26ea, 0x26ea,
+	0x26f2, 0x26f3,
+	0x26f5, 0x26f5,
+	0x26fa, 0x26fa,
+	0x26fd, 0x26fd,
+	0x2705, 0x2705,
+	0x270a, 0x270b,
+	0x2728, 0x2728,
+	0x274c, 0x274c,
+	0x274e, 0x274e,
+	0x2753, 0x2755,
+	0x2757, 0x2757,
+	0x2795, 0x2797,
+	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
+	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
+	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
+	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
+	0x1f004, 0x1f004,
+	0x1f0cf, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
+	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
+	0x1f201, 0x1f201,
+	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
+	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
+	0x1f232, 0x1f236,
+	0x1f238, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
+	0x1f32d, 0x1f335,
+	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
+	0x1f37e, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3ca,
+	0x1f3cf, 0x1f3d3,
+	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f3f4, 0x1f3f4,
+	0x1f3f8, 0x1f43e,
+	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f4fc,
+	0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f54b, 0x1f54e,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f57a, 0x1f57a,
+	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
+	0x1f5a4, 0x1f5a4,
+	0x1f5fb, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f6cc, 0x1f6cc,
+	0x1f6d0, 0x1f6d2,
+	0x1f6d5, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6df,
+	0x1f6eb, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f4, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
+	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
+	0x1f947, 0x1f9ff,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+}; /* CR_Emoji_Presentation */
+
+/* 'Emoji_Modifier': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Modifier[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+}; /* CR_Emoji_Modifier */
+
+/* 'Emoji_Modifier_Base': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base[] = {
+	40,
+	0x261d, 0x261d,
+	0x26f9, 0x26f9,
+	0x270a, 0x270d,
+	0x1f385, 0x1f385,
+	0x1f3c2, 0x1f3c4,
+	0x1f3c7, 0x1f3c7,
+	0x1f3ca, 0x1f3cc,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f443,
+	0x1f446, 0x1f450,
+	0x1f466, 0x1f478,
+	0x1f47c, 0x1f47c,
+	0x1f481, 0x1f483,
+	0x1f485, 0x1f487,
+	0x1f48f, 0x1f48f,
+	0x1f491, 0x1f491,
+	0x1f4aa, 0x1f4aa,
+	0x1f574, 0x1f575,
+	0x1f57a, 0x1f57a,
+	0x1f590, 0x1f590,
+	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f647,
+	0x1f64b, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f6a3, 0x1f6a3,
+	0x1f6b4, 0x1f6b6,
+	0x1f6c0, 0x1f6c0,
+	0x1f6cc, 0x1f6cc,
+	0x1f90c, 0x1f90c,
+	0x1f90f, 0x1f90f,
+	0x1f918, 0x1f91f,
+	0x1f926, 0x1f926,
+	0x1f930, 0x1f939,
+	0x1f93c, 0x1f93e,
+	0x1f977, 0x1f977,
+	0x1f9b5, 0x1f9b6,
+	0x1f9b8, 0x1f9b9,
+	0x1f9bb, 0x1f9bb,
+	0x1f9cd, 0x1f9cf,
+	0x1f9d1, 0x1f9dd,
+	0x1fac3, 0x1fac5,
+	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
+}; /* CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base */
+
+/* 'Emoji_Component': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Emoji_Component[] = {
+	10,
+	0x0023, 0x0023,
+	0x002a, 0x002a,
+	0x0030, 0x0039,
+	0x200d, 0x200d,
+	0x20e3, 0x20e3,
+	0xfe0f, 0xfe0f,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f1ff,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+	0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b3,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+}; /* CR_Emoji_Component */
+
+/* 'Extended_Pictographic': Emoji */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Extended_Pictographic[] = {
+	156,
+	0x00a9, 0x00a9,
+	0x00ae, 0x00ae,
+	0x203c, 0x203c,
+	0x2049, 0x2049,
+	0x2122, 0x2122,
+	0x2139, 0x2139,
+	0x2194, 0x2199,
+	0x21a9, 0x21aa,
+	0x231a, 0x231b,
+	0x2328, 0x2328,
+	0x23cf, 0x23cf,
+	0x23e9, 0x23f3,
+	0x23f8, 0x23fa,
+	0x24c2, 0x24c2,
+	0x25aa, 0x25ab,
+	0x25b6, 0x25b6,
+	0x25c0, 0x25c0,
+	0x25fb, 0x25fe,
+	0x2600, 0x2604,
+	0x260e, 0x260e,
+	0x2611, 0x2611,
+	0x2614, 0x2615,
+	0x2618, 0x2618,
+	0x261d, 0x261d,
+	0x2620, 0x2620,
+	0x2622, 0x2623,
+	0x2626, 0x2626,
+	0x262a, 0x262a,
+	0x262e, 0x262f,
+	0x2638, 0x263a,
+	0x2640, 0x2640,
+	0x2642, 0x2642,
+	0x2648, 0x2653,
+	0x265f, 0x2660,
+	0x2663, 0x2663,
+	0x2665, 0x2666,
+	0x2668, 0x2668,
+	0x267b, 0x267b,
+	0x267e, 0x267f,
+	0x2692, 0x2697,
+	0x2699, 0x2699,
+	0x269b, 0x269c,
+	0x26a0, 0x26a1,
+	0x26a7, 0x26a7,
+	0x26aa, 0x26ab,
+	0x26b0, 0x26b1,
+	0x26bd, 0x26be,
+	0x26c4, 0x26c5,
+	0x26c8, 0x26c8,
+	0x26ce, 0x26cf,
+	0x26d1, 0x26d1,
+	0x26d3, 0x26d4,
+	0x26e9, 0x26ea,
+	0x26f0, 0x26f5,
+	0x26f7, 0x26fa,
+	0x26fd, 0x26fd,
+	0x2702, 0x2702,
+	0x2705, 0x2705,
+	0x2708, 0x270d,
+	0x270f, 0x270f,
+	0x2712, 0x2712,
+	0x2714, 0x2714,
+	0x2716, 0x2716,
+	0x271d, 0x271d,
+	0x2721, 0x2721,
+	0x2728, 0x2728,
+	0x2733, 0x2734,
+	0x2744, 0x2744,
+	0x2747, 0x2747,
+	0x274c, 0x274c,
+	0x274e, 0x274e,
+	0x2753, 0x2755,
+	0x2757, 0x2757,
+	0x2763, 0x2764,
+	0x2795, 0x2797,
+	0x27a1, 0x27a1,
+	0x27b0, 0x27b0,
+	0x27bf, 0x27bf,
+	0x2934, 0x2935,
+	0x2b05, 0x2b07,
+	0x2b1b, 0x2b1c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b50,
+	0x2b55, 0x2b55,
+	0x3030, 0x3030,
+	0x303d, 0x303d,
+	0x3297, 0x3297,
+	0x3299, 0x3299,
+	0x1f004, 0x1f004,
+	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
+	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
+	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
+	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
+	0x1f0cf, 0x1f0d0,
+	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f171,
+	0x1f17e, 0x1f17f,
+	0x1f18e, 0x1f18e,
+	0x1f191, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
+	0x1f201, 0x1f20f,
+	0x1f21a, 0x1f21a,
+	0x1f22f, 0x1f22f,
+	0x1f232, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
+	0x1f249, 0x1f25f,
+	0x1f266, 0x1f321,
+	0x1f324, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f396, 0x1f397,
+	0x1f399, 0x1f39b,
+	0x1f39e, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f3f3, 0x1f3f5,
+	0x1f3f7, 0x1f3fa,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f4fd,
+	0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f549, 0x1f54e,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f56f, 0x1f570,
+	0x1f573, 0x1f57a,
+	0x1f587, 0x1f587,
+	0x1f58a, 0x1f58d,
+	0x1f590, 0x1f590,
+	0x1f595, 0x1f596,
+	0x1f5a4, 0x1f5a5,
+	0x1f5a8, 0x1f5a8,
+	0x1f5b1, 0x1f5b2,
+	0x1f5bc, 0x1f5bc,
+	0x1f5c2, 0x1f5c4,
+	0x1f5d1, 0x1f5d3,
+	0x1f5dc, 0x1f5de,
+	0x1f5e1, 0x1f5e1,
+	0x1f5e3, 0x1f5e3,
+	0x1f5e8, 0x1f5e8,
+	0x1f5ef, 0x1f5ef,
+	0x1f5f3, 0x1f5f3,
+	0x1f5fa, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f6cb, 0x1f6d2,
+	0x1f6d5, 0x1f6e5,
+	0x1f6e9, 0x1f6e9,
+	0x1f6eb, 0x1f6f0,
+	0x1f6f3, 0x1f6ff,
+	0x1f7da, 0x1f7ff,
+	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
+	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
+	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
+	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
+	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
+	0x1f8bc, 0x1f8bf,
+	0x1f8c2, 0x1f8cf,
+	0x1f8d9, 0x1f8ff,
+	0x1f90c, 0x1f93a,
+	0x1f93c, 0x1f945,
+	0x1f947, 0x1f9ff,
+	0x1fa58, 0x1fa5f,
+	0x1fa6e, 0x1faff,
+	0x1fc00, 0x1fffd,
+}; /* CR_Extended_Pictographic */
+
+/* 'Unknown': Script */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Unknown[] = {
+	733,
+	0x0378, 0x0379,
+	0x0380, 0x0383,
+	0x038b, 0x038b,
+	0x038d, 0x038d,
+	0x03a2, 0x03a2,
+	0x0530, 0x0530,
+	0x0557, 0x0558,
+	0x058b, 0x058c,
+	0x0590, 0x0590,
+	0x05c8, 0x05cf,
+	0x05eb, 0x05ee,
+	0x05f5, 0x05ff,
+	0x070e, 0x070e,
+	0x074b, 0x074c,
+	0x07b2, 0x07bf,
+	0x07fb, 0x07fc,
+	0x082e, 0x082f,
+	0x083f, 0x083f,
+	0x085c, 0x085d,
+	0x085f, 0x085f,
+	0x086b, 0x086f,
+	0x0892, 0x0896,
+	0x0984, 0x0984,
+	0x098d, 0x098e,
+	0x0991, 0x0992,
+	0x09a9, 0x09a9,
+	0x09b1, 0x09b1,
+	0x09b3, 0x09b5,
+	0x09ba, 0x09bb,
+	0x09c5, 0x09c6,
+	0x09c9, 0x09ca,
+	0x09cf, 0x09d6,
+	0x09d8, 0x09db,
+	0x09de, 0x09de,
+	0x09e4, 0x09e5,
+	0x09ff, 0x0a00,
+	0x0a04, 0x0a04,
+	0x0a0b, 0x0a0e,
+	0x0a11, 0x0a12,
+	0x0a29, 0x0a29,
+	0x0a31, 0x0a31,
+	0x0a34, 0x0a34,
+	0x0a37, 0x0a37,
+	0x0a3a, 0x0a3b,
+	0x0a3d, 0x0a3d,
+	0x0a43, 0x0a46,
+	0x0a49, 0x0a4a,
+	0x0a4e, 0x0a50,
+	0x0a52, 0x0a58,
+	0x0a5d, 0x0a5d,
+	0x0a5f, 0x0a65,
+	0x0a77, 0x0a80,
+	0x0a84, 0x0a84,
+	0x0a8e, 0x0a8e,
+	0x0a92, 0x0a92,
+	0x0aa9, 0x0aa9,
+	0x0ab1, 0x0ab1,
+	0x0ab4, 0x0ab4,
+	0x0aba, 0x0abb,
+	0x0ac6, 0x0ac6,
+	0x0aca, 0x0aca,
+	0x0ace, 0x0acf,
+	0x0ad1, 0x0adf,
+	0x0ae4, 0x0ae5,
+	0x0af2, 0x0af8,
+	0x0b00, 0x0b00,
+	0x0b04, 0x0b04,
+	0x0b0d, 0x0b0e,
+	0x0b11, 0x0b12,
+	0x0b29, 0x0b29,
+	0x0b31, 0x0b31,
+	0x0b34, 0x0b34,
+	0x0b3a, 0x0b3b,
+	0x0b45, 0x0b46,
+	0x0b49, 0x0b4a,
+	0x0b4e, 0x0b54,
+	0x0b58, 0x0b5b,
+	0x0b5e, 0x0b5e,
+	0x0b64, 0x0b65,
+	0x0b78, 0x0b81,
+	0x0b84, 0x0b84,
+	0x0b8b, 0x0b8d,
+	0x0b91, 0x0b91,
+	0x0b96, 0x0b98,
+	0x0b9b, 0x0b9b,
+	0x0b9d, 0x0b9d,
+	0x0ba0, 0x0ba2,
+	0x0ba5, 0x0ba7,
+	0x0bab, 0x0bad,
+	0x0bba, 0x0bbd,
+	0x0bc3, 0x0bc5,
+	0x0bc9, 0x0bc9,
+	0x0bce, 0x0bcf,
+	0x0bd1, 0x0bd6,
+	0x0bd8, 0x0be5,
+	0x0bfb, 0x0bff,
+	0x0c0d, 0x0c0d,
+	0x0c11, 0x0c11,
+	0x0c29, 0x0c29,
+	0x0c3a, 0x0c3b,
+	0x0c45, 0x0c45,
+	0x0c49, 0x0c49,
+	0x0c4e, 0x0c54,
+	0x0c57, 0x0c57,
+	0x0c5b, 0x0c5b,
+	0x0c5e, 0x0c5f,
+	0x0c64, 0x0c65,
+	0x0c70, 0x0c76,
+	0x0c8d, 0x0c8d,
+	0x0c91, 0x0c91,
+	0x0ca9, 0x0ca9,
+	0x0cb4, 0x0cb4,
+	0x0cba, 0x0cbb,
+	0x0cc5, 0x0cc5,
+	0x0cc9, 0x0cc9,
+	0x0cce, 0x0cd4,
+	0x0cd7, 0x0cdb,
+	0x0cdf, 0x0cdf,
+	0x0ce4, 0x0ce5,
+	0x0cf0, 0x0cf0,
+	0x0cf4, 0x0cff,
+	0x0d0d, 0x0d0d,
+	0x0d11, 0x0d11,
+	0x0d45, 0x0d45,
+	0x0d49, 0x0d49,
+	0x0d50, 0x0d53,
+	0x0d64, 0x0d65,
+	0x0d80, 0x0d80,
+	0x0d84, 0x0d84,
+	0x0d97, 0x0d99,
+	0x0db2, 0x0db2,
+	0x0dbc, 0x0dbc,
+	0x0dbe, 0x0dbf,
+	0x0dc7, 0x0dc9,
+	0x0dcb, 0x0dce,
+	0x0dd5, 0x0dd5,
+	0x0dd7, 0x0dd7,
+	0x0de0, 0x0de5,
+	0x0df0, 0x0df1,
+	0x0df5, 0x0e00,
+	0x0e3b, 0x0e3e,
+	0x0e5c, 0x0e80,
+	0x0e83, 0x0e83,
+	0x0e85, 0x0e85,
+	0x0e8b, 0x0e8b,
+	0x0ea4, 0x0ea4,
+	0x0ea6, 0x0ea6,
+	0x0ebe, 0x0ebf,
+	0x0ec5, 0x0ec5,
+	0x0ec7, 0x0ec7,
+	0x0ecf, 0x0ecf,
+	0x0eda, 0x0edb,
+	0x0ee0, 0x0eff,
+	0x0f48, 0x0f48,
+	0x0f6d, 0x0f70,
+	0x0f98, 0x0f98,
+	0x0fbd, 0x0fbd,
+	0x0fcd, 0x0fcd,
+	0x0fdb, 0x0fff,
+	0x10c6, 0x10c6,
+	0x10c8, 0x10cc,
+	0x10ce, 0x10cf,
+	0x1249, 0x1249,
+	0x124e, 0x124f,
+	0x1257, 0x1257,
+	0x1259, 0x1259,
+	0x125e, 0x125f,
+	0x1289, 0x1289,
+	0x128e, 0x128f,
+	0x12b1, 0x12b1,
+	0x12b6, 0x12b7,
+	0x12bf, 0x12bf,
+	0x12c1, 0x12c1,
+	0x12c6, 0x12c7,
+	0x12d7, 0x12d7,
+	0x1311, 0x1311,
+	0x1316, 0x1317,
+	0x135b, 0x135c,
+	0x137d, 0x137f,
+	0x139a, 0x139f,
+	0x13f6, 0x13f7,
+	0x13fe, 0x13ff,
+	0x169d, 0x169f,
+	0x16f9, 0x16ff,
+	0x1716, 0x171e,
+	0x1737, 0x173f,
+	0x1754, 0x175f,
+	0x176d, 0x176d,
+	0x1771, 0x1771,
+	0x1774, 0x177f,
+	0x17de, 0x17df,
+	0x17ea, 0x17ef,
+	0x17fa, 0x17ff,
+	0x181a, 0x181f,
+	0x1879, 0x187f,
+	0x18ab, 0x18af,
+	0x18f6, 0x18ff,
+	0x191f, 0x191f,
+	0x192c, 0x192f,
+	0x193c, 0x193f,
+	0x1941, 0x1943,
+	0x196e, 0x196f,
+	0x1975, 0x197f,
+	0x19ac, 0x19af,
+	0x19ca, 0x19cf,
+	0x19db, 0x19dd,
+	0x1a1c, 0x1a1d,
+	0x1a5f, 0x1a5f,
+	0x1a7d, 0x1a7e,
+	0x1a8a, 0x1a8f,
+	0x1a9a, 0x1a9f,
+	0x1aae, 0x1aaf,
+	0x1ade, 0x1adf,
+	0x1aec, 0x1aff,
+	0x1b4d, 0x1b4d,
+	0x1bf4, 0x1bfb,
+	0x1c38, 0x1c3a,
+	0x1c4a, 0x1c4c,
+	0x1c8b, 0x1c8f,
+	0x1cbb, 0x1cbc,
+	0x1cc8, 0x1ccf,
+	0x1cfb, 0x1cff,
+	0x1f16, 0x1f17,
+	0x1f1e, 0x1f1f,
+	0x1f46, 0x1f47,
+	0x1f4e, 0x1f4f,
+	0x1f58, 0x1f58,
+	0x1f5a, 0x1f5a,
+	0x1f5c, 0x1f5c,
+	0x1f5e, 0x1f5e,
+	0x1f7e, 0x1f7f,
+	0x1fb5, 0x1fb5,
+	0x1fc5, 0x1fc5,
+	0x1fd4, 0x1fd5,
+	0x1fdc, 0x1fdc,
+	0x1ff0, 0x1ff1,
+	0x1ff5, 0x1ff5,
+	0x1fff, 0x1fff,
+	0x2065, 0x2065,
+	0x2072, 0x2073,
+	0x208f, 0x208f,
+	0x209d, 0x209f,
+	0x20c2, 0x20cf,
+	0x20f1, 0x20ff,
+	0x218c, 0x218f,
+	0x242a, 0x243f,
+	0x244b, 0x245f,
+	0x2b74, 0x2b75,
+	0x2cf4, 0x2cf8,
+	0x2d26, 0x2d26,
+	0x2d28, 0x2d2c,
+	0x2d2e, 0x2d2f,
+	0x2d68, 0x2d6e,
+	0x2d71, 0x2d7e,
+	0x2d97, 0x2d9f,
+	0x2da7, 0x2da7,
+	0x2daf, 0x2daf,
+	0x2db7, 0x2db7,
+	0x2dbf, 0x2dbf,
+	0x2dc7, 0x2dc7,
+	0x2dcf, 0x2dcf,
+	0x2dd7, 0x2dd7,
+	0x2ddf, 0x2ddf,
+	0x2e5e, 0x2e7f,
+	0x2e9a, 0x2e9a,
+	0x2ef4, 0x2eff,
+	0x2fd6, 0x2fef,
+	0x3040, 0x3040,
+	0x3097, 0x3098,
+	0x3100, 0x3104,
+	0x3130, 0x3130,
+	0x318f, 0x318f,
+	0x31e6, 0x31ee,
+	0x321f, 0x321f,
+	0xa48d, 0xa48f,
+	0xa4c7, 0xa4cf,
+	0xa62c, 0xa63f,
+	0xa6f8, 0xa6ff,
+	0xa7dd, 0xa7f0,
+	0xa82d, 0xa82f,
+	0xa83a, 0xa83f,
+	0xa878, 0xa87f,
+	0xa8c6, 0xa8cd,
+	0xa8da, 0xa8df,
+	0xa954, 0xa95e,
+	0xa97d, 0xa97f,
+	0xa9ce, 0xa9ce,
+	0xa9da, 0xa9dd,
+	0xa9ff, 0xa9ff,
+	0xaa37, 0xaa3f,
+	0xaa4e, 0xaa4f,
+	0xaa5a, 0xaa5b,
+	0xaac3, 0xaada,
+	0xaaf7, 0xab00,
+	0xab07, 0xab08,
+	0xab0f, 0xab10,
+	0xab17, 0xab1f,
+	0xab27, 0xab27,
+	0xab2f, 0xab2f,
+	0xab6c, 0xab6f,
+	0xabee, 0xabef,
+	0xabfa, 0xabff,
+	0xd7a4, 0xd7af,
+	0xd7c7, 0xd7ca,
+	0xd7fc, 0xf8ff,
+	0xfa6e, 0xfa6f,
+	0xfada, 0xfaff,
+	0xfb07, 0xfb12,
+	0xfb18, 0xfb1c,
+	0xfb37, 0xfb37,
+	0xfb3d, 0xfb3d,
+	0xfb3f, 0xfb3f,
+	0xfb42, 0xfb42,
+	0xfb45, 0xfb45,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdef,
+	0xfe1a, 0xfe1f,
+	0xfe53, 0xfe53,
+	0xfe67, 0xfe67,
+	0xfe6c, 0xfe6f,
+	0xfe75, 0xfe75,
+	0xfefd, 0xfefe,
+	0xff00, 0xff00,
+	0xffbf, 0xffc1,
+	0xffc8, 0xffc9,
+	0xffd0, 0xffd1,
+	0xffd8, 0xffd9,
+	0xffdd, 0xffdf,
+	0xffe7, 0xffe7,
+	0xffef, 0xfff8,
+	0xfffe, 0xffff,
+	0x1000c, 0x1000c,
+	0x10027, 0x10027,
+	0x1003b, 0x1003b,
+	0x1003e, 0x1003e,
+	0x1004e, 0x1004f,
+	0x1005e, 0x1007f,
+	0x100fb, 0x100ff,
+	0x10103, 0x10106,
+	0x10134, 0x10136,
+	0x1018f, 0x1018f,
+	0x1019d, 0x1019f,
+	0x101a1, 0x101cf,
+	0x101fe, 0x1027f,
+	0x1029d, 0x1029f,
+	0x102d1, 0x102df,
+	0x102fc, 0x102ff,
+	0x10324, 0x1032c,
+	0x1034b, 0x1034f,
+	0x1037b, 0x1037f,
+	0x1039e, 0x1039e,
+	0x103c4, 0x103c7,
+	0x103d6, 0x103ff,
+	0x1049e, 0x1049f,
+	0x104aa, 0x104af,
+	0x104d4, 0x104d7,
+	0x104fc, 0x104ff,
+	0x10528, 0x1052f,
+	0x10564, 0x1056e,
+	0x1057b, 0x1057b,
+	0x1058b, 0x1058b,
+	0x10593, 0x10593,
+	0x10596, 0x10596,
+	0x105a2, 0x105a2,
+	0x105b2, 0x105b2,
+	0x105ba, 0x105ba,
+	0x105bd, 0x105bf,
+	0x105f4, 0x105ff,
+	0x10737, 0x1073f,
+	0x10756, 0x1075f,
+	0x10768, 0x1077f,
+	0x10786, 0x10786,
+	0x107b1, 0x107b1,
+	0x107bb, 0x107ff,
+	0x10806, 0x10807,
+	0x10809, 0x10809,
+	0x10836, 0x10836,
+	0x10839, 0x1083b,
+	0x1083d, 0x1083e,
+	0x10856, 0x10856,
+	0x1089f, 0x108a6,
+	0x108b0, 0x108df,
+	0x108f3, 0x108f3,
+	0x108f6, 0x108fa,
+	0x1091c, 0x1091e,
+	0x1093a, 0x1093e,
+	0x1095a, 0x1097f,
+	0x109b8, 0x109bb,
+	0x109d0, 0x109d1,
+	0x10a04, 0x10a04,
+	0x10a07, 0x10a0b,
+	0x10a14, 0x10a14,
+	0x10a18, 0x10a18,
+	0x10a36, 0x10a37,
+	0x10a3b, 0x10a3e,
+	0x10a49, 0x10a4f,
+	0x10a59, 0x10a5f,
+	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
+	0x10ae7, 0x10aea,
+	0x10af7, 0x10aff,
+	0x10b36, 0x10b38,
+	0x10b56, 0x10b57,
+	0x10b73, 0x10b77,
+	0x10b92, 0x10b98,
+	0x10b9d, 0x10ba8,
+	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
+	0x10c49, 0x10c7f,
+	0x10cb3, 0x10cbf,
+	0x10cf3, 0x10cf9,
+	0x10d28, 0x10d2f,
+	0x10d3a, 0x10d3f,
+	0x10d66, 0x10d68,
+	0x10d86, 0x10d8d,
+	0x10d90, 0x10e5f,
+	0x10e7f, 0x10e7f,
+	0x10eaa, 0x10eaa,
+	0x10eae, 0x10eaf,
+	0x10eb2, 0x10ec1,
+	0x10ec8, 0x10ecf,
+	0x10ed9, 0x10ef9,
+	0x10f28, 0x10f2f,
+	0x10f5a, 0x10f6f,
+	0x10f8a, 0x10faf,
+	0x10fcc, 0x10fdf,
+	0x10ff7, 0x10fff,
+	0x1104e, 0x11051,
+	0x11076, 0x1107e,
+	0x110c3, 0x110cc,
+	0x110ce, 0x110cf,
+	0x110e9, 0x110ef,
+	0x110fa, 0x110ff,
+	0x11135, 0x11135,
+	0x11148, 0x1114f,
+	0x11177, 0x1117f,
+	0x111e0, 0x111e0,
+	0x111f5, 0x111ff,
+	0x11212, 0x11212,
+	0x11242, 0x1127f,
+	0x11287, 0x11287,
+	0x11289, 0x11289,
+	0x1128e, 0x1128e,
+	0x1129e, 0x1129e,
+	0x112aa, 0x112af,
+	0x112eb, 0x112ef,
+	0x112fa, 0x112ff,
+	0x11304, 0x11304,
+	0x1130d, 0x1130e,
+	0x11311, 0x11312,
+	0x11329, 0x11329,
+	0x11331, 0x11331,
+	0x11334, 0x11334,
+	0x1133a, 0x1133a,
+	0x11345, 0x11346,
+	0x11349, 0x1134a,
+	0x1134e, 0x1134f,
+	0x11351, 0x11356,
+	0x11358, 0x1135c,
+	0x11364, 0x11365,
+	0x1136d, 0x1136f,
+	0x11375, 0x1137f,
+	0x1138a, 0x1138a,
+	0x1138c, 0x1138d,
+	0x1138f, 0x1138f,
+	0x113b6, 0x113b6,
+	0x113c1, 0x113c1,
+	0x113c3, 0x113c4,
+	0x113c6, 0x113c6,
+	0x113cb, 0x113cb,
+	0x113d6, 0x113d6,
+	0x113d9, 0x113e0,
+	0x113e3, 0x113ff,
+	0x1145c, 0x1145c,
+	0x11462, 0x1147f,
+	0x114c8, 0x114cf,
+	0x114da, 0x1157f,
+	0x115b6, 0x115b7,
+	0x115de, 0x115ff,
+	0x11645, 0x1164f,
+	0x1165a, 0x1165f,
+	0x1166d, 0x1167f,
+	0x116ba, 0x116bf,
+	0x116ca, 0x116cf,
+	0x116e4, 0x116ff,
+	0x1171b, 0x1171c,
+	0x1172c, 0x1172f,
+	0x11747, 0x117ff,
+	0x1183c, 0x1189f,
+	0x118f3, 0x118fe,
+	0x11907, 0x11908,
+	0x1190a, 0x1190b,
+	0x11914, 0x11914,
+	0x11917, 0x11917,
+	0x11936, 0x11936,
+	0x11939, 0x1193a,
+	0x11947, 0x1194f,
+	0x1195a, 0x1199f,
+	0x119a8, 0x119a9,
+	0x119d8, 0x119d9,
+	0x119e5, 0x119ff,
+	0x11a48, 0x11a4f,
+	0x11aa3, 0x11aaf,
+	0x11af9, 0x11aff,
+	0x11b0a, 0x11b5f,
+	0x11b68, 0x11bbf,
+	0x11be2, 0x11bef,
+	0x11bfa, 0x11bff,
+	0x11c09, 0x11c09,
+	0x11c37, 0x11c37,
+	0x11c46, 0x11c4f,
+	0x11c6d, 0x11c6f,
+	0x11c90, 0x11c91,
+	0x11ca8, 0x11ca8,
+	0x11cb7, 0x11cff,
+	0x11d07, 0x11d07,
+	0x11d0a, 0x11d0a,
+	0x11d37, 0x11d39,
+	0x11d3b, 0x11d3b,
+	0x11d3e, 0x11d3e,
+	0x11d48, 0x11d4f,
+	0x11d5a, 0x11d5f,
+	0x11d66, 0x11d66,
+	0x11d69, 0x11d69,
+	0x11d8f, 0x11d8f,
+	0x11d92, 0x11d92,
+	0x11d99, 0x11d9f,
+	0x11daa, 0x11daf,
+	0x11ddc, 0x11ddf,
+	0x11dea, 0x11edf,
+	0x11ef9, 0x11eff,
+	0x11f11, 0x11f11,
+	0x11f3b, 0x11f3d,
+	0x11f5b, 0x11faf,
+	0x11fb1, 0x11fbf,
+	0x11ff2, 0x11ffe,
+	0x1239a, 0x123ff,
+	0x1246f, 0x1246f,
+	0x12475, 0x1247f,
+	0x12544, 0x12f8f,
+	0x12ff3, 0x12fff,
+	0x13456, 0x1345f,
+	0x143fb, 0x143ff,
+	0x14647, 0x160ff,
+	0x1613a, 0x167ff,
+	0x16a39, 0x16a3f,
+	0x16a5f, 0x16a5f,
+	0x16a6a, 0x16a6d,
+	0x16abf, 0x16abf,
+	0x16aca, 0x16acf,
+	0x16aee, 0x16aef,
+	0x16af6, 0x16aff,
+	0x16b46, 0x16b4f,
+	0x16b5a, 0x16b5a,
+	0x16b62, 0x16b62,
+	0x16b78, 0x16b7c,
+	0x16b90, 0x16d3f,
+	0x16d7a, 0x16e3f,
+	0x16e9b, 0x16e9f,
+	0x16eb9, 0x16eba,
+	0x16ed4, 0x16eff,
+	0x16f4b, 0x16f4e,
+	0x16f88, 0x16f8e,
+	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
+	0x16fe5, 0x16fef,
+	0x16ff7, 0x16fff,
+	0x18cd6, 0x18cfe,
+	0x18d1f, 0x18d7f,
+	0x18df3, 0x1afef,
+	0x1aff4, 0x1aff4,
+	0x1affc, 0x1affc,
+	0x1afff, 0x1afff,
+	0x1b123, 0x1b131,
+	0x1b133, 0x1b14f,
+	0x1b153, 0x1b154,
+	0x1b156, 0x1b163,
+	0x1b168, 0x1b16f,
+	0x1b2fc, 0x1bbff,
+	0x1bc6b, 0x1bc6f,
+	0x1bc7d, 0x1bc7f,
+	0x1bc89, 0x1bc8f,
+	0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9b,
+	0x1bca4, 0x1cbff,
+	0x1ccfd, 0x1ccff,
+	0x1ceb4, 0x1ceb9,
+	0x1ced1, 0x1cedf,
+	0x1cef1, 0x1ceff,
+	0x1cf2e, 0x1cf2f,
+	0x1cf47, 0x1cf4f,
+	0x1cfc4, 0x1cfff,
+	0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff,
+	0x1d127, 0x1d128,
+	0x1d1eb, 0x1d1ff,
+	0x1d246, 0x1d2bf,
+	0x1d2d4, 0x1d2df,
+	0x1d2f4, 0x1d2ff,
+	0x1d357, 0x1d35f,
+	0x1d379, 0x1d3ff,
+	0x1d455, 0x1d455,
+	0x1d49d, 0x1d49d,
+	0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1,
+	0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4,
+	0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8,
+	0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ad,
+	0x1d4ba, 0x1d4ba,
+	0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bc,
+	0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c4,
+	0x1d506, 0x1d506,
+	0x1d50b, 0x1d50c,
+	0x1d515, 0x1d515,
+	0x1d51d, 0x1d51d,
+	0x1d53a, 0x1d53a,
+	0x1d53f, 0x1d53f,
+	0x1d545, 0x1d545,
+	0x1d547, 0x1d549,
+	0x1d551, 0x1d551,
+	0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a7,
+	0x1d7cc, 0x1d7cd,
+	0x1da8c, 0x1da9a,
+	0x1daa0, 0x1daa0,
+	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
+	0x1df1f, 0x1df24,
+	0x1df2b, 0x1dfff,
+	0x1e007, 0x1e007,
+	0x1e019, 0x1e01a,
+	0x1e022, 0x1e022,
+	0x1e025, 0x1e025,
+	0x1e02b, 0x1e02f,
+	0x1e06e, 0x1e08e,
+	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
+	0x1e12d, 0x1e12f,
+	0x1e13e, 0x1e13f,
+	0x1e14a, 0x1e14d,
+	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
+	0x1e2af, 0x1e2bf,
+	0x1e2fa, 0x1e2fe,
+	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
+	0x1e4fa, 0x1e5cf,
+	0x1e5fb, 0x1e5fe,
+	0x1e600, 0x1e6bf,
+	0x1e6df, 0x1e6df,
+	0x1e6f6, 0x1e6fd,
+	0x1e700, 0x1e7df,
+	0x1e7e7, 0x1e7e7,
+	0x1e7ec, 0x1e7ec,
+	0x1e7ef, 0x1e7ef,
+	0x1e7ff, 0x1e7ff,
+	0x1e8c5, 0x1e8c6,
+	0x1e8d7, 0x1e8ff,
+	0x1e94c, 0x1e94f,
+	0x1e95a, 0x1e95d,
+	0x1e960, 0x1ec70,
+	0x1ecb5, 0x1ed00,
+	0x1ed3e, 0x1edff,
+	0x1ee04, 0x1ee04,
+	0x1ee20, 0x1ee20,
+	0x1ee23, 0x1ee23,
+	0x1ee25, 0x1ee26,
+	0x1ee28, 0x1ee28,
+	0x1ee33, 0x1ee33,
+	0x1ee38, 0x1ee38,
+	0x1ee3a, 0x1ee3a,
+	0x1ee3c, 0x1ee41,
+	0x1ee43, 0x1ee46,
+	0x1ee48, 0x1ee48,
+	0x1ee4a, 0x1ee4a,
+	0x1ee4c, 0x1ee4c,
+	0x1ee50, 0x1ee50,
+	0x1ee53, 0x1ee53,
+	0x1ee55, 0x1ee56,
+	0x1ee58, 0x1ee58,
+	0x1ee5a, 0x1ee5a,
+	0x1ee5c, 0x1ee5c,
+	0x1ee5e, 0x1ee5e,
+	0x1ee60, 0x1ee60,
+	0x1ee63, 0x1ee63,
+	0x1ee65, 0x1ee66,
+	0x1ee6b, 0x1ee6b,
+	0x1ee73, 0x1ee73,
+	0x1ee78, 0x1ee78,
+	0x1ee7d, 0x1ee7d,
+	0x1ee7f, 0x1ee7f,
+	0x1ee8a, 0x1ee8a,
+	0x1ee9c, 0x1eea0,
+	0x1eea4, 0x1eea4,
+	0x1eeaa, 0x1eeaa,
+	0x1eebc, 0x1eeef,
+	0x1eef2, 0x1efff,
+	0x1f02c, 0x1f02f,
+	0x1f094, 0x1f09f,
+	0x1f0af, 0x1f0b0,
+	0x1f0c0, 0x1f0c0,
+	0x1f0d0, 0x1f0d0,
+	0x1f0f6, 0x1f0ff,
+	0x1f1ae, 0x1f1e5,
+	0x1f203, 0x1f20f,
+	0x1f23c, 0x1f23f,
+	0x1f249, 0x1f24f,
+	0x1f252, 0x1f25f,
+	0x1f266, 0x1f2ff,
+	0x1f6d9, 0x1f6db,
+	0x1f6ed, 0x1f6ef,
+	0x1f6fd, 0x1f6ff,
+	0x1f7da, 0x1f7df,
+	0x1f7ec, 0x1f7ef,
+	0x1f7f1, 0x1f7ff,
+	0x1f80c, 0x1f80f,
+	0x1f848, 0x1f84f,
+	0x1f85a, 0x1f85f,
+	0x1f888, 0x1f88f,
+	0x1f8ae, 0x1f8af,
+	0x1f8bc, 0x1f8bf,
+	0x1f8c2, 0x1f8cf,
+	0x1f8d9, 0x1f8ff,
+	0x1fa58, 0x1fa5f,
+	0x1fa6e, 0x1fa6f,
+	0x1fa7d, 0x1fa7f,
+	0x1fa8b, 0x1fa8d,
+	0x1fac7, 0x1fac7,
+	0x1fac9, 0x1facc,
+	0x1fadd, 0x1fade,
+	0x1faeb, 0x1faee,
+	0x1faf9, 0x1faff,
+	0x1fb93, 0x1fb93,
+	0x1fbfb, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
+	0x2b81e, 0x2b81f,
+	0x2ceae, 0x2ceaf,
+	0x2ebe1, 0x2ebef,
+	0x2ee5e, 0x2f7ff,
+	0x2fa1e, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3134b, 0x3134f,
+	0x3347a, 0xe0000,
+	0xe0002, 0xe001f,
+	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Unknown */
+
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+/* 'Age_1_1': Derived Age 1.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_1_1[] = {
+	288,
+	0x0000, 0x01f5,
+	0x01fa, 0x0217,
+	0x0250, 0x02a8,
+	0x02b0, 0x02de,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
+	0x0300, 0x0345,
+	0x0360, 0x0361,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
+	0x0401, 0x040c,
+	0x040e, 0x044f,
+	0x0451, 0x045c,
+	0x045e, 0x0486,
+	0x0490, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
+	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x05b0, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c3,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0652,
+	0x0660, 0x066d,
+	0x0670, 0x06b7,
+	0x06ba, 0x06be,
+	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
+	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9a,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x202e,
+	0x2030, 0x2046,
+	0x206a, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20aa,
+	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
+	0x2100, 0x2138,
+	0x2153, 0x2182,
+	0x2190, 0x21ea,
+	0x2200, 0x22f1,
+	0x2300, 0x2300,
+	0x2302, 0x237a,
+	0x2400, 0x2424,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24ea,
+	0x2500, 0x2595,
+	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
+	0x2600, 0x2613,
+	0x261a, 0x266f,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2767,
+	0x2776, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x3000, 0x3037,
+	0x303f, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3094,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x319f,
+	0x3200, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3260, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xe000, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
+	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff5e,
+	0xff61, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfffd, 0xffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_1_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_2_0': Derived Age 2.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_2_0[] = {
+	312,
+	0x0000, 0x01f5,
+	0x01fa, 0x0217,
+	0x0250, 0x02a8,
+	0x02b0, 0x02de,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
+	0x0300, 0x0345,
+	0x0360, 0x0361,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
+	0x0401, 0x040c,
+	0x040e, 0x044f,
+	0x0451, 0x045c,
+	0x045e, 0x0486,
+	0x0490, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
+	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0652,
+	0x0660, 0x066d,
+	0x0670, 0x06b7,
+	0x06ba, 0x06be,
+	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
+	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f69,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f95,
+	0x0f97, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fad,
+	0x0fb1, 0x0fb7,
+	0x0fb9, 0x0fb9,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x202e,
+	0x2030, 0x2046,
+	0x206a, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20ab,
+	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
+	0x2100, 0x2138,
+	0x2153, 0x2182,
+	0x2190, 0x21ea,
+	0x2200, 0x22f1,
+	0x2300, 0x2300,
+	0x2302, 0x237a,
+	0x2400, 0x2424,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24ea,
+	0x2500, 0x2595,
+	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
+	0x2600, 0x2613,
+	0x261a, 0x266f,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2767,
+	0x2776, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x3000, 0x3037,
+	0x303f, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3094,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x319f,
+	0x3200, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3260, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
+	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff5e,
+	0xff61, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfffd, 0xffff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_2_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_2_1': Derived Age 2.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_2_1[] = {
+	312,
+	0x0000, 0x01f5,
+	0x01fa, 0x0217,
+	0x0250, 0x02a8,
+	0x02b0, 0x02de,
+	0x02e0, 0x02e9,
+	0x0300, 0x0345,
+	0x0360, 0x0361,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d6,
+	0x03da, 0x03da,
+	0x03dc, 0x03dc,
+	0x03de, 0x03de,
+	0x03e0, 0x03e0,
+	0x03e2, 0x03f3,
+	0x0401, 0x040c,
+	0x040e, 0x044f,
+	0x0451, 0x045c,
+	0x045e, 0x0486,
+	0x0490, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
+	0x04d0, 0x04eb,
+	0x04ee, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x0589,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0652,
+	0x0660, 0x066d,
+	0x0670, 0x06b7,
+	0x06ba, 0x06be,
+	0x06c0, 0x06ce,
+	0x06d0, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f69,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f95,
+	0x0f97, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fad,
+	0x0fb1, 0x0fb7,
+	0x0fb9, 0x0fb9,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x202e,
+	0x2030, 0x2046,
+	0x206a, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20ac,
+	0x20d0, 0x20e1,
+	0x2100, 0x2138,
+	0x2153, 0x2182,
+	0x2190, 0x21ea,
+	0x2200, 0x22f1,
+	0x2300, 0x2300,
+	0x2302, 0x237a,
+	0x2400, 0x2424,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24ea,
+	0x2500, 0x2595,
+	0x25a0, 0x25ef,
+	0x2600, 0x2613,
+	0x261a, 0x266f,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2767,
+	0x2776, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x3000, 0x3037,
+	0x303f, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3094,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x319f,
+	0x3200, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3260, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
+	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff5e,
+	0xff61, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfffc, 0xffff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_2_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_3_0': Derived Age 3.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_0[] = {
+	369,
+	0x0000, 0x021f,
+	0x0222, 0x0233,
+	0x0250, 0x02ad,
+	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x034e,
+	0x0360, 0x0362,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d7,
+	0x03da, 0x03f3,
+	0x0400, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x0489,
+	0x048c, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
+	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0655,
+	0x0660, 0x066d,
+	0x0670, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x072c,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x0780, 0x07b0,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1206,
+	0x1208, 0x1246,
+	0x1248, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1286,
+	0x1288, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12ae,
+	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
+	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
+	0x12f0, 0x130e,
+	0x1310, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x131e,
+	0x1320, 0x1346,
+	0x1348, 0x135a,
+	0x1361, 0x137c,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1780, 0x17dc,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2046,
+	0x2048, 0x204d,
+	0x206a, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20af,
+	0x20d0, 0x20e3,
+	0x2100, 0x213a,
+	0x2153, 0x2183,
+	0x2190, 0x21f3,
+	0x2200, 0x22f1,
+	0x2300, 0x237b,
+	0x237d, 0x239a,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24ea,
+	0x2500, 0x2595,
+	0x25a0, 0x25f7,
+	0x2600, 0x2613,
+	0x2619, 0x2671,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2767,
+	0x2776, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x2800, 0x28ff,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303a,
+	0x303e, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3094,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x3200, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3260, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x3400, 0x4db5,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4a1,
+	0xa4a4, 0xa4b3,
+	0xa4b5, 0xa4c0,
+	0xa4c2, 0xa4c4,
+	0xa4c6, 0xa4c6,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
+	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff5e,
+	0xff61, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xffff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_3_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_3_1': Derived Age 3.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_1[] = {
+	402,
+	0x0000, 0x021f,
+	0x0222, 0x0233,
+	0x0250, 0x02ad,
+	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x034e,
+	0x0360, 0x0362,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03d7,
+	0x03da, 0x03f5,
+	0x0400, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x0489,
+	0x048c, 0x04c4,
+	0x04c7, 0x04c8,
+	0x04cb, 0x04cc,
+	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0655,
+	0x0660, 0x066d,
+	0x0670, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x072c,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x0780, 0x07b0,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f6,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1206,
+	0x1208, 0x1246,
+	0x1248, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1286,
+	0x1288, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12ae,
+	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
+	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
+	0x12f0, 0x130e,
+	0x1310, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x131e,
+	0x1320, 0x1346,
+	0x1348, 0x135a,
+	0x1361, 0x137c,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1780, 0x17dc,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2046,
+	0x2048, 0x204d,
+	0x206a, 0x2070,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20af,
+	0x20d0, 0x20e3,
+	0x2100, 0x213a,
+	0x2153, 0x2183,
+	0x2190, 0x21f3,
+	0x2200, 0x22f1,
+	0x2300, 0x237b,
+	0x237d, 0x239a,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24ea,
+	0x2500, 0x2595,
+	0x25a0, 0x25f7,
+	0x2600, 0x2613,
+	0x2619, 0x2671,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2767,
+	0x2776, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x2800, 0x28ff,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303a,
+	0x303e, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3094,
+	0x3099, 0x309e,
+	0x30a1, 0x30fe,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x3200, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3260, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32b0,
+	0x32c0, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x3400, 0x4db5,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4a1,
+	0xa4a4, 0xa4b3,
+	0xa4b5, 0xa4c0,
+	0xa4c2, 0xa4c4,
+	0xa4c6, 0xa4c6,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfb,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe44,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe72,
+	0xfe74, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xff5e,
+	0xff61, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xffff,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10400, 0x10425,
+	0x10428, 0x1044d,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c0,
+	0x1d4c2, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_3_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_3_2': Derived Age 3.2 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_3_2[] = {
+	397,
+	0x0000, 0x0220,
+	0x0222, 0x0233,
+	0x0250, 0x02ad,
+	0x02b0, 0x02ee,
+	0x0300, 0x034f,
+	0x0360, 0x036f,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03f6,
+	0x0400, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x04ce,
+	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0500, 0x050f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x060c, 0x060c,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0655,
+	0x0660, 0x06ed,
+	0x06f0, 0x06fe,
+	0x0700, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x072c,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x0780, 0x07b1,
+	0x0901, 0x0903,
+	0x0905, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a02, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8b,
+	0x0a8d, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae0,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b36, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b70,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bf2,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f8,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1206,
+	0x1208, 0x1246,
+	0x1248, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1286,
+	0x1288, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12ae,
+	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
+	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
+	0x12f0, 0x130e,
+	0x1310, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x131e,
+	0x1320, 0x1346,
+	0x1348, 0x135a,
+	0x1361, 0x137c,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dc,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2052,
+	0x2057, 0x2057,
+	0x205f, 0x2063,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20ea,
+	0x2100, 0x213a,
+	0x213d, 0x214b,
+	0x2153, 0x2183,
+	0x2190, 0x23ce,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x24fe,
+	0x2500, 0x2613,
+	0x2616, 0x2617,
+	0x2619, 0x267d,
+	0x2680, 0x2689,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
+	0x27f0, 0x2aff,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31f0, 0x321c,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3251, 0x327b,
+	0x327f, 0x32cb,
+	0x32d0, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x3376,
+	0x337b, 0x33dd,
+	0x33e0, 0x33fe,
+	0x3400, 0x4db5,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fa5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfc,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe46,
+	0xfe49, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0xffff,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10400, 0x10425,
+	0x10428, 0x1044d,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c0,
+	0x1d4c2, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_3_2 */
+
+/* 'Age_4_0': Derived Age 4.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_4_0[] = {
+	412,
+	0x0000, 0x0236,
+	0x0250, 0x0357,
+	0x035d, 0x036f,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x03fb,
+	0x0400, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x04ce,
+	0x04d0, 0x04f5,
+	0x04f8, 0x04f9,
+	0x0500, 0x050f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05a1,
+	0x05a3, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c4,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x060c, 0x0615,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061f, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x0658,
+	0x0660, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x074f,
+	0x0780, 0x07b1,
+	0x0901, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb5,
+	0x0bb7, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be7, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fcf,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10f8,
+	0x10fb, 0x10fb,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1206,
+	0x1208, 0x1246,
+	0x1248, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1286,
+	0x1288, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12ae,
+	0x12b0, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12ce,
+	0x12d0, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x12ee,
+	0x12f0, 0x130e,
+	0x1310, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x131e,
+	0x1320, 0x1346,
+	0x1348, 0x135a,
+	0x1361, 0x137c,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
+	0x1d00, 0x1d6b,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2054,
+	0x2057, 0x2057,
+	0x205f, 0x2063,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20ea,
+	0x2100, 0x213b,
+	0x213d, 0x214b,
+	0x2153, 0x2183,
+	0x2190, 0x23d0,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2617,
+	0x2619, 0x267d,
+	0x2680, 0x2691,
+	0x26a0, 0x26a1,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
+	0x27f0, 0x2b0d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3250, 0x327d,
+	0x327f, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fa5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1013f,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x1039f,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a3,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_4_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_4_1': Derived Age 4.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_4_1[] = {
+	430,
+	0x0000, 0x0241,
+	0x0250, 0x036f,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037a,
+	0x037e, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x04ce,
+	0x04d0, 0x04f9,
+	0x0500, 0x050f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05b9,
+	0x05bb, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x060b, 0x0615,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x065e,
+	0x0660, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x076d,
+	0x0780, 0x07b1,
+	0x0901, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x097d, 0x097d,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fd1,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135f, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19a9,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dc3,
+	0x1e00, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2063,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x2094,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
+	0x20d0, 0x20eb,
+	0x2100, 0x214c,
+	0x2153, 0x2183,
+	0x2190, 0x23db,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x269c,
+	0x26a0, 0x26b1,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27c0, 0x27c6,
+	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
+	0x27f0, 0x2b13,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e17,
+	0x2e1c, 0x2e1d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31c0, 0x31cf,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3250, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fbb,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa700, 0xa716,
+	0xa800, 0xa82b,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_4_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_5_0': Derived Age 5.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_0[] = {
+	440,
+	0x0000, 0x036f,
+	0x0374, 0x0375,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x03ce,
+	0x03d0, 0x0486,
+	0x0488, 0x0513,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x060b, 0x0615,
+	0x061b, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x063a,
+	0x0640, 0x065e,
+	0x0660, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x076d,
+	0x0780, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0901, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0970,
+	0x097b, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a74,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b43,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d43,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6a,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fcf, 0x0fd1,
+	0x1000, 0x1021,
+	0x1023, 0x1027,
+	0x1029, 0x102a,
+	0x102c, 0x1032,
+	0x1036, 0x1039,
+	0x1040, 0x1059,
+	0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135f, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18a9,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19a9,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1d00, 0x1dca,
+	0x1dfe, 0x1e9b,
+	0x1ea0, 0x1ef9,
+	0x1f00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2063,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x2094,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
+	0x20d0, 0x20ef,
+	0x2100, 0x214e,
+	0x2153, 0x2184,
+	0x2190, 0x23e7,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x269c,
+	0x26a0, 0x26b2,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
+	0x27d0, 0x27eb,
+	0x27f0, 0x2b1a,
+	0x2b20, 0x2b23,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c6c,
+	0x2c74, 0x2c77,
+	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e17,
+	0x2e1c, 0x2e1d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312c,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31c0, 0x31cf,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3250, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fbb,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa700, 0xa71a,
+	0xa720, 0xa721,
+	0xa800, 0xa82b,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe23,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
+	0x10900, 0x10919,
+	0x1091f, 0x1091f,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d12a, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_5_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_5_1': Derived Age 5.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_1[] = {
+	455,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0523,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x0606, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x065e,
+	0x0660, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0901, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094d,
+	0x0950, 0x0954,
+	0x0958, 0x0972,
+	0x097b, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fa,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fd4,
+	0x1000, 0x1099,
+	0x109e, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
+	0x1100, 0x1159,
+	0x115f, 0x11a2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11f9,
+	0x1200, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135f, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1401, 0x1676,
+	0x1680, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19a9,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a1f,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
+	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfe, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x2094,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b5,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x214f,
+	0x2153, 0x2188,
+	0x2190, 0x23e7,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x269d,
+	0x26a0, 0x26bc,
+	0x26c0, 0x26c3,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x2756,
+	0x2758, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
+	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
+	0x27d0, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b54,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c6f,
+	0x2c71, 0x2c7d,
+	0x2c80, 0x2cea,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e30,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x3243,
+	0x3250, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fc3,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa500, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa65f,
+	0xa662, 0xa673,
+	0xa67c, 0xa697,
+	0xa700, 0xa78c,
+	0xa7fb, 0xa82b,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa95f,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa5f,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6a,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x1083f,
+	0x10900, 0x10919,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_5_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_5_2': Derived Age 5.2 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_5_2[] = {
+	495,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0525,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x0606, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x061f,
+	0x0621, 0x065e,
+	0x0660, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0900, 0x0939,
+	0x093c, 0x094e,
+	0x0950, 0x0955,
+	0x0958, 0x0972,
+	0x0979, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b71,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d28,
+	0x0d2a, 0x0d39,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f8b,
+	0x0f90, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fd8,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
+	0x1100, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135f, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
+	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf2,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfd, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x2094,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b8,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23e8,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x26cd,
+	0x26cf, 0x26e1,
+	0x26e3, 0x26e3,
+	0x26e8, 0x26ff,
+	0x2701, 0x2704,
+	0x2706, 0x2709,
+	0x270c, 0x2727,
+	0x2729, 0x274b,
+	0x274d, 0x274d,
+	0x274f, 0x2752,
+	0x2756, 0x275e,
+	0x2761, 0x2794,
+	0x2798, 0x27af,
+	0x27b1, 0x27be,
+	0x27c0, 0x27ca,
+	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
+	0x27d0, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d6f,
+	0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e31,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31b7,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcb,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa65f,
+	0xa662, 0xa673,
+	0xa67c, 0xa697,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78c,
+	0xa7fb, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11080, 0x110c1,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f131, 0x1f131,
+	0x1f13d, 0x1f13d,
+	0x1f13f, 0x1f13f,
+	0x1f142, 0x1f142,
+	0x1f146, 0x1f146,
+	0x1f14a, 0x1f14e,
+	0x1f157, 0x1f157,
+	0x1f15f, 0x1f15f,
+	0x1f179, 0x1f179,
+	0x1f17b, 0x1f17c,
+	0x1f17f, 0x1f17f,
+	0x1f18a, 0x1f18d,
+	0x1f190, 0x1f190,
+	0x1f200, 0x1f200,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f231,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_5_2 */
+
+/* 'Age_6_0': Derived Age 6.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_0[] = {
+	511,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0527,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0603,
+	0x0606, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0900, 0x0977,
+	0x0979, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+	0x0af1, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edd,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10d0, 0x10fc,
+	0x1100, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1baa,
+	0x1bae, 0x1bb9,
+	0x1bc0, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf2,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b9,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23f3,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x26ff,
+	0x2701, 0x27ca,
+	0x27cc, 0x27cc,
+	0x27ce, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d65,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e31,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcb,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa673,
+	0xa67c, 0xa697,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa791,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7a9,
+	0xa7fa, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaadf,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa2d,
+	0xfa30, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x11080, 0x110c1,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f169,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
+	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
+	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
+	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
+	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
+	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
+	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
+	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
+	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f5fb, 0x1f5ff,
+	0x1f601, 0x1f610,
+	0x1f612, 0x1f614,
+	0x1f616, 0x1f616,
+	0x1f618, 0x1f618,
+	0x1f61a, 0x1f61a,
+	0x1f61c, 0x1f61e,
+	0x1f620, 0x1f625,
+	0x1f628, 0x1f62b,
+	0x1f62d, 0x1f62d,
+	0x1f630, 0x1f633,
+	0x1f635, 0x1f640,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_6_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_6_1': Derived Age 6.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_1[] = {
+	549,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0527,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058f, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0604,
+	0x0606, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
+	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
+	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
+	0x0900, 0x0977,
+	0x0979, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20b9,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23f3,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x26ff,
+	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa697,
+	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa793,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x11080, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11180, 0x111c8,
+	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
+	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
+	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
+	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
+	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
+	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
+	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
+	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
+	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_6_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_6_2': Derived Age 6.2 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_2[] = {
+	549,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0527,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058f, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0604,
+	0x0606, 0x061b,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
+	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
+	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
+	0x0900, 0x0977,
+	0x0979, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x206a, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20ba,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23f3,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x26ff,
+	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa697,
+	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa793,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x11080, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11180, 0x111c8,
+	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
+	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
+	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
+	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
+	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
+	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
+	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
+	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
+	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_6_2 */
+
+/* 'Age_6_3': Derived Age 6.3 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_6_3[] = {
+	549,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037e,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x0527,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058f, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x0604,
+	0x0606, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08a0,
+	0x08a2, 0x08ac,
+	0x08e4, 0x08fe,
+	0x0900, 0x0977,
+	0x0979, 0x097f,
+	0x0981, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c33,
+	0x0c35, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f0,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191c,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1d00, 0x1de6,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20ba,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23f3,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x26ff,
+	0x2701, 0x2b4c,
+	0x2b50, 0x2b59,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e3b,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa697,
+	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa793,
+	0xa7a0, 0xa7aa,
+	0xa7f8, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9df,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaa7b,
+	0xaa80, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe26,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018a,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x10300, 0x1031e,
+	0x10320, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1085f,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a7f,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b7f,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x11080, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11180, 0x111c8,
+	0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x12000, 0x1236e,
+	0x12400, 0x12462,
+	0x12470, 0x12473,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0be,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0df,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10a,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f320,
+	0x1f330, 0x1f335,
+	0x1f337, 0x1f37c,
+	0x1f380, 0x1f393,
+	0x1f3a0, 0x1f3c4,
+	0x1f3c6, 0x1f3ca,
+	0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f43e,
+	0x1f440, 0x1f440,
+	0x1f442, 0x1f4f7,
+	0x1f4f9, 0x1f4fc,
+	0x1f500, 0x1f53d,
+	0x1f540, 0x1f543,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f567,
+	0x1f5fb, 0x1f640,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f64f,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6c5,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_6_3 */
+
+/* 'Age_7_0': Derived Age 7.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_7_0[] = {
+	610,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b2,
+	0x08e4, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d60, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bd,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x2189,
+	0x2190, 0x23fa,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
+	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
+	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e42,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fcc,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa69d,
+	0xa69f, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa78e,
+	0xa790, 0xa7ad,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b1,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fb,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab5f,
+	0xab64, 0xab65,
+	0xabc0, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2d,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018c,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x10900, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109be, 0x109bf,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111c8,
+	0x111cd, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111da,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123d,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11301, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133c, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115c9,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x12000, 0x12398,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1dd,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f32c,
+	0x1f330, 0x1f37d,
+	0x1f380, 0x1f3ce,
+	0x1f3d4, 0x1f3f7,
+	0x1f400, 0x1f4fe,
+	0x1f500, 0x1f54a,
+	0x1f550, 0x1f579,
+	0x1f57b, 0x1f5a3,
+	0x1f5a5, 0x1f642,
+	0x1f645, 0x1f6cf,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f3,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_7_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_8_0': Derived Age 8.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_8_0[] = {
+	623,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08e3, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c7f,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4e,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d5f, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d75,
+	0x0d79, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c7f,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
+	0x1dfc, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20be,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x23fa,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
+	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
+	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
+	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e42,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fd5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ad,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c4,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab65,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018c,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123d,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133c, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x11719,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f19a,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23a,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f579,
+	0x1f57b, 0x1f5a3,
+	0x1f5a5, 0x1f6d0,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f3,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f910, 0x1f918,
+	0x1f980, 0x1f984,
+	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_8_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_9_0': Derived Age 9.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_9_0[] = {
+	648,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
+	0x08d4, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fb,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0af9,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d01, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+	0x0d3d, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf6,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df5,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20be,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x23fe,
+	0x2400, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
+	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
+	0x2bca, 0x2bd1,
+	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e44,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312d,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fd5,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab65,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x10330, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133c, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x11459,
+	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x11719,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe0,
+	0x17000, 0x187ec,
+	0x18800, 0x18af2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d2,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f6,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f910, 0x1f91e,
+	0x1f920, 0x1f927,
+	0x1f930, 0x1f930,
+	0x1f933, 0x1f93e,
+	0x1f940, 0x1f94b,
+	0x1f950, 0x1f95e,
+	0x1f980, 0x1f991,
+	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_9_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_10_0': Derived Age 10.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_10_0[] = {
+	659,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x055f,
+	0x0561, 0x0587,
+	0x0589, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05f0, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x0800, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
+	0x08d4, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fd,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c83,
+	0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1877,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2bb9,
+	0x2bbd, 0x2bc8,
+	0x2bca, 0x2bd2,
+	0x2bec, 0x2bef,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e49,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312e,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fea,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ae,
+	0xa7b0, 0xa7b7,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8fd,
+	0xa900, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab65,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a47,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10cff,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11143,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133c, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x11459,
+	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145d,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x11719,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a83,
+	0x11a86, 0x11a9c,
+	0x11a9e, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x17000, 0x187ec,
+	0x18800, 0x18af2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d371,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f12e,
+	0x1f130, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d4,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f8,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d4,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
+	0x1f910, 0x1f93e,
+	0x1f940, 0x1f94c,
+	0x1f950, 0x1f96b,
+	0x1f980, 0x1f997,
+	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c0,
+	0x1f9d0, 0x1f9e6,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_10_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_11_0': Derived Age 11.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_11_0[] = {
+	668,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
+	0x08d3, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c78, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+	0x0e8a, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8d, 0x0e8d,
+	0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+	0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+	0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ea7,
+	0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+	0x0ead, 0x0eb9,
+	0x0ebb, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2bc8,
+	0x2bca, 0x2bfe,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e4e,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7b9,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab65,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11146,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x11459,
+	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145e,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b7,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11a83,
+	0x11a86, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x12000, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+	0x16f50, 0x16f7e,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f1,
+	0x18800, 0x18af2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94a,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f16b,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d4,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6f9,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
+	0x1f910, 0x1f93e,
+	0x1f940, 0x1f970,
+	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
+	0x1f97a, 0x1f97a,
+	0x1f97c, 0x1f9a2,
+	0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b9,
+	0x1f9c0, 0x1f9c2,
+	0x1f9d0, 0x1f9ff,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_11_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_12_0': Derived Age 12.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_12_0[] = {
+	677,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
+	0x08d3, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x32fe,
+	0x3300, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c6,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab67,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11146,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x11459,
+	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145f,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x13430, 0x13438,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18af2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f16c,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d5,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fa,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
+	0x1f90d, 0x1f971,
+	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
+	0x1f97a, 0x1f9a2,
+	0x1f9a5, 0x1f9aa,
+	0x1f9ae, 0x1f9ca,
+	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa73,
+	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa82,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1fa95,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_12_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_12_1': Derived Age 12.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_12_1[] = {
+	676,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08bd,
+	0x08d3, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b56, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1abe,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b98, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e4f,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31ba,
+	0x31c0, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x4db5,
+	0x4dc0, 0x9fef,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7c6,
+	0xa7f7, 0xa82b,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab67,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019b,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11146,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111cd,
+	0x111d0, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x11459,
+	0x1145b, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x1145f,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x118ff,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x13430, 0x13438,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe3,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18af2,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f10c,
+	0x1f110, 0x1f16c,
+	0x1f170, 0x1f1ac,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d5,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fa,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f90b,
+	0x1f90d, 0x1f971,
+	0x1f973, 0x1f976,
+	0x1f97a, 0x1f9a2,
+	0x1f9a5, 0x1f9aa,
+	0x1f9ae, 0x1f9ca,
+	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa73,
+	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa82,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1fa95,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6d6,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x2ffff,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_12_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_13_0': Derived Age 13.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_13_0[] = {
+	686,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x061c,
+	0x061e, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x08a0, 0x08b4,
+	0x08b6, 0x08c7,
+	0x08d3, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3d, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cde, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x170c,
+	0x170e, 0x1714,
+	0x1720, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x180e,
+	0x1810, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1ac0,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4b,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7c,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1df9,
+	0x1dfb, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20bf,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b97, 0x2c2e,
+	0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+	0x2c60, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e52,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0x9ffc,
+	0xa000, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7bf,
+	0xa7c2, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7f5, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc1,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd3f,
+	0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdd0, 0xfdfd,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1056f,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x1106f,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c1,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b8,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x1173f,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x13430, 0x13438,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16a6f,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b11e,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1e8,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
+	0x1f6e0, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f978,
+	0x1f97a, 0x1f9cb,
+	0x1f9cd, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa74,
+	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7a,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa86,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1faa8,
+	0x1fab0, 0x1fab6,
+	0x1fac0, 0x1fac2,
+	0x1fad0, 0x1fad6,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6dd,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_13_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_14_0': Derived Age 14.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_14_0[] = {
+	706,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x088e,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x0898, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ecd,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x1123e,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x1342e,
+	0x13430, 0x13438,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
+	0x1f6dd, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f773,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7d8,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa74,
+	0x1fa78, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa86,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1faac,
+	0x1fab0, 0x1faba,
+	0x1fac0, 0x1fac5,
+	0x1fad0, 0x1fad9,
+	0x1fae0, 0x1fae7,
+	0x1faf0, 0x1faf6,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b738,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_14_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_15_0': Derived Age 15.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_15_0[] = {
+	715,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x088e,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x0898, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2ffb,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e3,
+	0x31f0, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
+	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
+	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
+	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
+	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
+	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x323af,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_15_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_15_1': Derived Age 15.1 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_15_1[] = {
+	715,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x088e,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x0898, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b50, 0x1b7e,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c88,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2426,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e3,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7ca,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7d9,
+	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10efd, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f59,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d08,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
+	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8b1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa88,
+	0x1fa90, 0x1fabd,
+	0x1fabf, 0x1fac5,
+	0x1face, 0x1fadb,
+	0x1fae0, 0x1fae8,
+	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbca,
+	0x1fbf0, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x323af,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_15_1 */
+
+/* 'Age_16_0': Derived Age 16.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_16_0[] = {
+	739,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x088e,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5d, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdd, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1ace,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c0,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2b95,
+	0x2b97, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7cd,
+	0xa7d0, 0xa7d1,
+	0xa7d3, 0xa7d3,
+	0xa7d5, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f2, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfbc2,
+	0xfbd3, 0xfd8f,
+	0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+	0xfdcf, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x1093f,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec4,
+	0x10efc, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x17000, 0x187f7,
+	0x18800, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d08,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccf9,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d7,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f776,
+	0x1f77b, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa53,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa89,
+	0x1fa8f, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1face, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1fae9,
+	0x1faf0, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbf9,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b739,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cea1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x323af,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_16_0 */
+
+/* 'Age_17_0': Derived Age 17.0 */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Age_17_0[] = {
+	743,
+	0x0000, 0x0377,
+	0x037a, 0x037f,
+	0x0384, 0x038a,
+	0x038c, 0x038c,
+	0x038e, 0x03a1,
+	0x03a3, 0x052f,
+	0x0531, 0x0556,
+	0x0559, 0x058a,
+	0x058d, 0x058f,
+	0x0591, 0x05c7,
+	0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+	0x05ef, 0x05f4,
+	0x0600, 0x070d,
+	0x070f, 0x074a,
+	0x074d, 0x07b1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07fa,
+	0x07fd, 0x082d,
+	0x0830, 0x083e,
+	0x0840, 0x085b,
+	0x085e, 0x085e,
+	0x0860, 0x086a,
+	0x0870, 0x0891,
+	0x0897, 0x0983,
+	0x0985, 0x098c,
+	0x098f, 0x0990,
+	0x0993, 0x09a8,
+	0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+	0x09b2, 0x09b2,
+	0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+	0x09bc, 0x09c4,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09ce,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+	0x09df, 0x09e3,
+	0x09e6, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+	0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+	0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+	0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+	0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+	0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+	0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+	0x0a5e, 0x0a5e,
+	0x0a66, 0x0a76,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a83,
+	0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+	0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+	0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+	0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+	0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+	0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+	0x0abc, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ad0, 0x0ad0,
+	0x0ae0, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0ae6, 0x0af1,
+	0x0af9, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+	0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+	0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+	0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+	0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+	0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+	0x0b5f, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b66, 0x0b77,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b83,
+	0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+	0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+	0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+	0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+	0x0b9c, 0x0b9c,
+	0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+	0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+	0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+	0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd0, 0x0bd0,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0be6, 0x0bfa,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c0c,
+	0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+	0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+	0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c58, 0x0c5a,
+	0x0c5c, 0x0c5d,
+	0x0c60, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+	0x0c77, 0x0c8c,
+	0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+	0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+	0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+	0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0cdc, 0x0cde,
+	0x0ce0, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+	0x0cf1, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d0c,
+	0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+	0x0d12, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4f,
+	0x0d54, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d66, 0x0d7f,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d83,
+	0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+	0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+	0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+	0x0dbd, 0x0dbd,
+	0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0de6, 0x0def,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df4,
+	0x0e01, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e3f, 0x0e5b,
+	0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+	0x0e84, 0x0e84,
+	0x0e86, 0x0e8a,
+	0x0e8c, 0x0ea3,
+	0x0ea5, 0x0ea5,
+	0x0ea7, 0x0ebd,
+	0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+	0x0ec6, 0x0ec6,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+	0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+	0x0f00, 0x0f47,
+	0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fbe, 0x0fcc,
+	0x0fce, 0x0fda,
+	0x1000, 0x10c5,
+	0x10c7, 0x10c7,
+	0x10cd, 0x10cd,
+	0x10d0, 0x1248,
+	0x124a, 0x124d,
+	0x1250, 0x1256,
+	0x1258, 0x1258,
+	0x125a, 0x125d,
+	0x1260, 0x1288,
+	0x128a, 0x128d,
+	0x1290, 0x12b0,
+	0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+	0x12b8, 0x12be,
+	0x12c0, 0x12c0,
+	0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+	0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+	0x12d8, 0x1310,
+	0x1312, 0x1315,
+	0x1318, 0x135a,
+	0x135d, 0x137c,
+	0x1380, 0x1399,
+	0x13a0, 0x13f5,
+	0x13f8, 0x13fd,
+	0x1400, 0x169c,
+	0x16a0, 0x16f8,
+	0x1700, 0x1715,
+	0x171f, 0x1736,
+	0x1740, 0x1753,
+	0x1760, 0x176c,
+	0x176e, 0x1770,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x1780, 0x17dd,
+	0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+	0x17f0, 0x17f9,
+	0x1800, 0x1819,
+	0x1820, 0x1878,
+	0x1880, 0x18aa,
+	0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+	0x1900, 0x191e,
+	0x1920, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x193b,
+	0x1940, 0x1940,
+	0x1944, 0x196d,
+	0x1970, 0x1974,
+	0x1980, 0x19ab,
+	0x19b0, 0x19c9,
+	0x19d0, 0x19da,
+	0x19de, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a1e, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a89,
+	0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+	0x1aa0, 0x1aad,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b4c,
+	0x1b4e, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1bfc, 0x1c37,
+	0x1c3b, 0x1c49,
+	0x1c4d, 0x1c8a,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cba,
+	0x1cbd, 0x1cc7,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cfa,
+	0x1d00, 0x1f15,
+	0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+	0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+	0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+	0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+	0x1f59, 0x1f59,
+	0x1f5b, 0x1f5b,
+	0x1f5d, 0x1f5d,
+	0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+	0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+	0x1fb6, 0x1fc4,
+	0x1fc6, 0x1fd3,
+	0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+	0x1fdd, 0x1fef,
+	0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+	0x1ff6, 0x1ffe,
+	0x2000, 0x2064,
+	0x2066, 0x2071,
+	0x2074, 0x208e,
+	0x2090, 0x209c,
+	0x20a0, 0x20c1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2100, 0x218b,
+	0x2190, 0x2429,
+	0x2440, 0x244a,
+	0x2460, 0x2b73,
+	0x2b76, 0x2cf3,
+	0x2cf9, 0x2d25,
+	0x2d27, 0x2d27,
+	0x2d2d, 0x2d2d,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+	0x2d6f, 0x2d70,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d96,
+	0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+	0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+	0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+	0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+	0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+	0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+	0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+	0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+	0x2de0, 0x2e5d,
+	0x2e80, 0x2e99,
+	0x2e9b, 0x2ef3,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fd5,
+	0x2ff0, 0x303f,
+	0x3041, 0x3096,
+	0x3099, 0x30ff,
+	0x3105, 0x312f,
+	0x3131, 0x318e,
+	0x3190, 0x31e5,
+	0x31ef, 0x321e,
+	0x3220, 0xa48c,
+	0xa490, 0xa4c6,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa62b,
+	0xa640, 0xa6f7,
+	0xa700, 0xa7dc,
+	0xa7f1, 0xa82c,
+	0xa830, 0xa839,
+	0xa840, 0xa877,
+	0xa880, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8ce, 0xa8d9,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa953,
+	0xa95f, 0xa97c,
+	0xa980, 0xa9cd,
+	0xa9cf, 0xa9d9,
+	0xa9de, 0xa9fe,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa40, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+	0xaa5c, 0xaac2,
+	0xaadb, 0xaaf6,
+	0xab01, 0xab06,
+	0xab09, 0xab0e,
+	0xab11, 0xab16,
+	0xab20, 0xab26,
+	0xab28, 0xab2e,
+	0xab30, 0xab6b,
+	0xab70, 0xabed,
+	0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+	0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+	0xd800, 0xfa6d,
+	0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+	0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+	0xfb1d, 0xfb36,
+	0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+	0xfb3e, 0xfb3e,
+	0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+	0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+	0xfb46, 0xfe19,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe52,
+	0xfe54, 0xfe66,
+	0xfe68, 0xfe6b,
+	0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+	0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xff01, 0xffbe,
+	0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+	0xffca, 0xffcf,
+	0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+	0xffda, 0xffdc,
+	0xffe0, 0xffe6,
+	0xffe8, 0xffee,
+	0xfff9, 0x1000b,
+	0x1000d, 0x10026,
+	0x10028, 0x1003a,
+	0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+	0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+	0x10050, 0x1005d,
+	0x10080, 0x100fa,
+	0x10100, 0x10102,
+	0x10107, 0x10133,
+	0x10137, 0x1018e,
+	0x10190, 0x1019c,
+	0x101a0, 0x101a0,
+	0x101d0, 0x101fd,
+	0x10280, 0x1029c,
+	0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+	0x102e0, 0x102fb,
+	0x10300, 0x10323,
+	0x1032d, 0x1034a,
+	0x10350, 0x1037a,
+	0x10380, 0x1039d,
+	0x1039f, 0x103c3,
+	0x103c8, 0x103d5,
+	0x10400, 0x1049d,
+	0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+	0x104b0, 0x104d3,
+	0x104d8, 0x104fb,
+	0x10500, 0x10527,
+	0x10530, 0x10563,
+	0x1056f, 0x1057a,
+	0x1057c, 0x1058a,
+	0x1058c, 0x10592,
+	0x10594, 0x10595,
+	0x10597, 0x105a1,
+	0x105a3, 0x105b1,
+	0x105b3, 0x105b9,
+	0x105bb, 0x105bc,
+	0x105c0, 0x105f3,
+	0x10600, 0x10736,
+	0x10740, 0x10755,
+	0x10760, 0x10767,
+	0x10780, 0x10785,
+	0x10787, 0x107b0,
+	0x107b2, 0x107ba,
+	0x10800, 0x10805,
+	0x10808, 0x10808,
+	0x1080a, 0x10835,
+	0x10837, 0x10838,
+	0x1083c, 0x1083c,
+	0x1083f, 0x10855,
+	0x10857, 0x1089e,
+	0x108a7, 0x108af,
+	0x108e0, 0x108f2,
+	0x108f4, 0x108f5,
+	0x108fb, 0x1091b,
+	0x1091f, 0x10939,
+	0x1093f, 0x10959,
+	0x10980, 0x109b7,
+	0x109bc, 0x109cf,
+	0x109d2, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a13,
+	0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+	0x10a19, 0x10a35,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a48,
+	0x10a50, 0x10a58,
+	0x10a60, 0x10a9f,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10aeb, 0x10af6,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+	0x10b39, 0x10b55,
+	0x10b58, 0x10b72,
+	0x10b78, 0x10b91,
+	0x10b99, 0x10b9c,
+	0x10ba9, 0x10baf,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cb2,
+	0x10cc0, 0x10cf2,
+	0x10cfa, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d30, 0x10d39,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d65,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d85,
+	0x10d8e, 0x10d8f,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7e,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ea9,
+	0x10eab, 0x10ead,
+	0x10eb0, 0x10eb1,
+	0x10ec2, 0x10ec7,
+	0x10ed0, 0x10ed8,
+	0x10efa, 0x10f27,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f59,
+	0x10f70, 0x10f89,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fcb,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10ff6,
+	0x11000, 0x1104d,
+	0x11052, 0x11075,
+	0x1107f, 0x110c2,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+	0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+	0x11100, 0x11134,
+	0x11136, 0x11147,
+	0x11150, 0x11176,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+	0x111e1, 0x111f4,
+	0x11200, 0x11211,
+	0x11213, 0x11241,
+	0x11280, 0x11286,
+	0x11288, 0x11288,
+	0x1128a, 0x1128d,
+	0x1128f, 0x1129d,
+	0x1129f, 0x112a9,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ea,
+	0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+	0x11300, 0x11303,
+	0x11305, 0x1130c,
+	0x1130f, 0x11310,
+	0x11313, 0x11328,
+	0x1132a, 0x11330,
+	0x11332, 0x11333,
+	0x11335, 0x11339,
+	0x1133b, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134d,
+	0x11350, 0x11350,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x1135d, 0x11363,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x11380, 0x11389,
+	0x1138b, 0x1138b,
+	0x1138e, 0x1138e,
+	0x11390, 0x113b5,
+	0x113b7, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113d5,
+	0x113d7, 0x113d8,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11400, 0x1145b,
+	0x1145d, 0x11461,
+	0x11480, 0x114c7,
+	0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+	0x11580, 0x115b5,
+	0x115b8, 0x115dd,
+	0x11600, 0x11644,
+	0x11650, 0x11659,
+	0x11660, 0x1166c,
+	0x11680, 0x116b9,
+	0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+	0x116d0, 0x116e3,
+	0x11700, 0x1171a,
+	0x1171d, 0x1172b,
+	0x11730, 0x11746,
+	0x11800, 0x1183b,
+	0x118a0, 0x118f2,
+	0x118ff, 0x11906,
+	0x11909, 0x11909,
+	0x1190c, 0x11913,
+	0x11915, 0x11916,
+	0x11918, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x1193b, 0x11946,
+	0x11950, 0x11959,
+	0x119a0, 0x119a7,
+	0x119aa, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aa2,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11af8,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b09,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b67,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11be1,
+	0x11bf0, 0x11bf9,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c08,
+	0x11c0a, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c45,
+	0x11c50, 0x11c6c,
+	0x11c70, 0x11c8f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d06,
+	0x11d08, 0x11d09,
+	0x11d0b, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d50, 0x11d59,
+	0x11d60, 0x11d65,
+	0x11d67, 0x11d68,
+	0x11d6a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d98,
+	0x11da0, 0x11da9,
+	0x11db0, 0x11ddb,
+	0x11de0, 0x11de9,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11ef8,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f10,
+	0x11f12, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f5a,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fb0,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11ff1,
+	0x11fff, 0x12399,
+	0x12400, 0x1246e,
+	0x12470, 0x12474,
+	0x12480, 0x12543,
+	0x12f90, 0x12ff2,
+	0x13000, 0x13455,
+	0x13460, 0x143fa,
+	0x14400, 0x14646,
+	0x16100, 0x16139,
+	0x16800, 0x16a38,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+	0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+	0x16a6e, 0x16abe,
+	0x16ac0, 0x16ac9,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af5,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b45,
+	0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+	0x16b5b, 0x16b61,
+	0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+	0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d79,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9a,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16eb8,
+	0x16ebb, 0x16ed3,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f4a,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f87,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f9f,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff6,
+	0x17000, 0x18cd5,
+	0x18cff, 0x18d1e,
+	0x18d80, 0x18df2,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1aff3,
+	0x1aff5, 0x1affb,
+	0x1affd, 0x1affe,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b122,
+	0x1b132, 0x1b132,
+	0x1b150, 0x1b152,
+	0x1b155, 0x1b155,
+	0x1b164, 0x1b167,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2fb,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+	0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+	0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+	0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+	0x1bc9c, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1ccfc,
+	0x1cd00, 0x1ceb3,
+	0x1ceba, 0x1ced0,
+	0x1cee0, 0x1cef0,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1cf50, 0x1cfc3,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0f5,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d126,
+	0x1d129, 0x1d1ea,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d245,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2d3,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2f3,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d356,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d378,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+	0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+	0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+	0x1d4a2, 0x1d4a2,
+	0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+	0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+	0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+	0x1d4bb, 0x1d4bb,
+	0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+	0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+	0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+	0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+	0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+	0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+	0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+	0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+	0x1d546, 0x1d546,
+	0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+	0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+	0x1d6a8, 0x1d7cb,
+	0x1d7ce, 0x1da8b,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1df00, 0x1df1e,
+	0x1df25, 0x1df2a,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e06d,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e12c,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e13d,
+	0x1e140, 0x1e149,
+	0x1e14e, 0x1e14f,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2f9,
+	0x1e2ff, 0x1e2ff,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4f9,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5fa,
+	0x1e5ff, 0x1e5ff,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6de,
+	0x1e6e0, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e6fe, 0x1e6ff,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7e6,
+	0x1e7e8, 0x1e7eb,
+	0x1e7ed, 0x1e7ee,
+	0x1e7f0, 0x1e7fe,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+	0x1e8c7, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e94b,
+	0x1e950, 0x1e959,
+	0x1e95e, 0x1e95f,
+	0x1ec71, 0x1ecb4,
+	0x1ed01, 0x1ed3d,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+	0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+	0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+	0x1ee24, 0x1ee24,
+	0x1ee27, 0x1ee27,
+	0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+	0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+	0x1ee39, 0x1ee39,
+	0x1ee3b, 0x1ee3b,
+	0x1ee42, 0x1ee42,
+	0x1ee47, 0x1ee47,
+	0x1ee49, 0x1ee49,
+	0x1ee4b, 0x1ee4b,
+	0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+	0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+	0x1ee54, 0x1ee54,
+	0x1ee57, 0x1ee57,
+	0x1ee59, 0x1ee59,
+	0x1ee5b, 0x1ee5b,
+	0x1ee5d, 0x1ee5d,
+	0x1ee5f, 0x1ee5f,
+	0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+	0x1ee64, 0x1ee64,
+	0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+	0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+	0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+	0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+	0x1ee7e, 0x1ee7e,
+	0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+	0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+	0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+	0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+	0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+	0x1eef0, 0x1eef1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02b,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f093,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ae,
+	0x1f0b1, 0x1f0bf,
+	0x1f0c1, 0x1f0cf,
+	0x1f0d1, 0x1f0f5,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ad,
+	0x1f1e6, 0x1f202,
+	0x1f210, 0x1f23b,
+	0x1f240, 0x1f248,
+	0x1f250, 0x1f251,
+	0x1f260, 0x1f265,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f6d8,
+	0x1f6dc, 0x1f6ec,
+	0x1f6f0, 0x1f6fc,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f7d9,
+	0x1f7e0, 0x1f7eb,
+	0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f80b,
+	0x1f810, 0x1f847,
+	0x1f850, 0x1f859,
+	0x1f860, 0x1f887,
+	0x1f890, 0x1f8ad,
+	0x1f8b0, 0x1f8bb,
+	0x1f8c0, 0x1f8c1,
+	0x1f8d0, 0x1f8d8,
+	0x1f900, 0x1fa57,
+	0x1fa60, 0x1fa6d,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c,
+	0x1fa80, 0x1fa8a,
+	0x1fa8e, 0x1fac6,
+	0x1fac8, 0x1fac8,
+	0x1facd, 0x1fadc,
+	0x1fadf, 0x1faea,
+	0x1faef, 0x1faf8,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fb92,
+	0x1fb94, 0x1fbfa,
+	0x1fffe, 0x2a6df,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b81d,
+	0x2b820, 0x2cead,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebe0,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5d,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+	0x2fffe, 0x3134a,
+	0x31350, 0x33479,
+	0x3fffe, 0x3ffff,
+	0x4fffe, 0x4ffff,
+	0x5fffe, 0x5ffff,
+	0x6fffe, 0x6ffff,
+	0x7fffe, 0x7ffff,
+	0x8fffe, 0x8ffff,
+	0x9fffe, 0x9ffff,
+	0xafffe, 0xaffff,
+	0xbfffe, 0xbffff,
+	0xcfffe, 0xcffff,
+	0xdfffe, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0001, 0xe0001,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+	0xefffe, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_Age_17_0 */
+
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Prepend */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend[] = {
+	15,
+	0x0600, 0x0605,
+	0x06dd, 0x06dd,
+	0x070f, 0x070f,
+	0x0890, 0x0891,
+	0x08e2, 0x08e2,
+	0x0d4e, 0x0d4e,
+	0x110bd, 0x110bd,
+	0x110cd, 0x110cd,
+	0x111c2, 0x111c3,
+	0x113d1, 0x113d1,
+	0x1193f, 0x1193f,
+	0x11941, 0x11941,
+	0x11a84, 0x11a89,
+	0x11d46, 0x11d46,
+	0x11f02, 0x11f02,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=CR */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR[] = {
+	1,
+	0x000d, 0x000d,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LF */
+#define CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF CR_NEWLINE
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Control */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control[] = {
+	19,
+	0x0000, 0x0009,
+	0x000b, 0x000c,
+	0x000e, 0x001f,
+	0x007f, 0x009f,
+	0x00ad, 0x00ad,
+	0x061c, 0x061c,
+	0x180e, 0x180e,
+	0x200b, 0x200b,
+	0x200e, 0x200f,
+	0x2028, 0x202e,
+	0x2060, 0x206f,
+	0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+	0xfff0, 0xfffb,
+	0x13430, 0x1343f,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bca3,
+	0x1d173, 0x1d17a,
+	0xe0000, 0xe001f,
+	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0xe0fff,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Extend */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend[] = {
+	384,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+	0x0483, 0x0489,
+	0x0591, 0x05bd,
+	0x05bf, 0x05bf,
+	0x05c1, 0x05c2,
+	0x05c4, 0x05c5,
+	0x05c7, 0x05c7,
+	0x0610, 0x061a,
+	0x064b, 0x065f,
+	0x0670, 0x0670,
+	0x06d6, 0x06dc,
+	0x06df, 0x06e4,
+	0x06e7, 0x06e8,
+	0x06ea, 0x06ed,
+	0x0711, 0x0711,
+	0x0730, 0x074a,
+	0x07a6, 0x07b0,
+	0x07eb, 0x07f3,
+	0x07fd, 0x07fd,
+	0x0816, 0x0819,
+	0x081b, 0x0823,
+	0x0825, 0x0827,
+	0x0829, 0x082d,
+	0x0859, 0x085b,
+	0x0897, 0x089f,
+	0x08ca, 0x08e1,
+	0x08e3, 0x0902,
+	0x093a, 0x093a,
+	0x093c, 0x093c,
+	0x0941, 0x0948,
+	0x094d, 0x094d,
+	0x0951, 0x0957,
+	0x0962, 0x0963,
+	0x0981, 0x0981,
+	0x09bc, 0x09bc,
+	0x09be, 0x09be,
+	0x09c1, 0x09c4,
+	0x09cd, 0x09cd,
+	0x09d7, 0x09d7,
+	0x09e2, 0x09e3,
+	0x09fe, 0x09fe,
+	0x0a01, 0x0a02,
+	0x0a3c, 0x0a3c,
+	0x0a41, 0x0a42,
+	0x0a47, 0x0a48,
+	0x0a4b, 0x0a4d,
+	0x0a51, 0x0a51,
+	0x0a70, 0x0a71,
+	0x0a75, 0x0a75,
+	0x0a81, 0x0a82,
+	0x0abc, 0x0abc,
+	0x0ac1, 0x0ac5,
+	0x0ac7, 0x0ac8,
+	0x0acd, 0x0acd,
+	0x0ae2, 0x0ae3,
+	0x0afa, 0x0aff,
+	0x0b01, 0x0b01,
+	0x0b3c, 0x0b3c,
+	0x0b3e, 0x0b3f,
+	0x0b41, 0x0b44,
+	0x0b4d, 0x0b4d,
+	0x0b55, 0x0b57,
+	0x0b62, 0x0b63,
+	0x0b82, 0x0b82,
+	0x0bbe, 0x0bbe,
+	0x0bc0, 0x0bc0,
+	0x0bcd, 0x0bcd,
+	0x0bd7, 0x0bd7,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c00,
+	0x0c04, 0x0c04,
+	0x0c3c, 0x0c3c,
+	0x0c3e, 0x0c40,
+	0x0c46, 0x0c48,
+	0x0c4a, 0x0c4d,
+	0x0c55, 0x0c56,
+	0x0c62, 0x0c63,
+	0x0c81, 0x0c81,
+	0x0cbc, 0x0cbc,
+	0x0cbf, 0x0cc0,
+	0x0cc2, 0x0cc2,
+	0x0cc6, 0x0cc8,
+	0x0cca, 0x0ccd,
+	0x0cd5, 0x0cd6,
+	0x0ce2, 0x0ce3,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d01,
+	0x0d3b, 0x0d3c,
+	0x0d3e, 0x0d3e,
+	0x0d41, 0x0d44,
+	0x0d4d, 0x0d4d,
+	0x0d57, 0x0d57,
+	0x0d62, 0x0d63,
+	0x0d81, 0x0d81,
+	0x0dca, 0x0dca,
+	0x0dcf, 0x0dcf,
+	0x0dd2, 0x0dd4,
+	0x0dd6, 0x0dd6,
+	0x0ddf, 0x0ddf,
+	0x0e31, 0x0e31,
+	0x0e34, 0x0e3a,
+	0x0e47, 0x0e4e,
+	0x0eb1, 0x0eb1,
+	0x0eb4, 0x0ebc,
+	0x0ec8, 0x0ece,
+	0x0f18, 0x0f19,
+	0x0f35, 0x0f35,
+	0x0f37, 0x0f37,
+	0x0f39, 0x0f39,
+	0x0f71, 0x0f7e,
+	0x0f80, 0x0f84,
+	0x0f86, 0x0f87,
+	0x0f8d, 0x0f97,
+	0x0f99, 0x0fbc,
+	0x0fc6, 0x0fc6,
+	0x102d, 0x1030,
+	0x1032, 0x1037,
+	0x1039, 0x103a,
+	0x103d, 0x103e,
+	0x1058, 0x1059,
+	0x105e, 0x1060,
+	0x1071, 0x1074,
+	0x1082, 0x1082,
+	0x1085, 0x1086,
+	0x108d, 0x108d,
+	0x109d, 0x109d,
+	0x135d, 0x135f,
+	0x1712, 0x1715,
+	0x1732, 0x1734,
+	0x1752, 0x1753,
+	0x1772, 0x1773,
+	0x17b4, 0x17b5,
+	0x17b7, 0x17bd,
+	0x17c6, 0x17c6,
+	0x17c9, 0x17d3,
+	0x17dd, 0x17dd,
+	0x180b, 0x180d,
+	0x180f, 0x180f,
+	0x1885, 0x1886,
+	0x18a9, 0x18a9,
+	0x1920, 0x1922,
+	0x1927, 0x1928,
+	0x1932, 0x1932,
+	0x1939, 0x193b,
+	0x1a17, 0x1a18,
+	0x1a1b, 0x1a1b,
+	0x1a56, 0x1a56,
+	0x1a58, 0x1a5e,
+	0x1a60, 0x1a60,
+	0x1a62, 0x1a62,
+	0x1a65, 0x1a6c,
+	0x1a73, 0x1a7c,
+	0x1a7f, 0x1a7f,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1add,
+	0x1ae0, 0x1aeb,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b03,
+	0x1b34, 0x1b3d,
+	0x1b42, 0x1b44,
+	0x1b6b, 0x1b73,
+	0x1b80, 0x1b81,
+	0x1ba2, 0x1ba5,
+	0x1ba8, 0x1bad,
+	0x1be6, 0x1be6,
+	0x1be8, 0x1be9,
+	0x1bed, 0x1bed,
+	0x1bef, 0x1bf3,
+	0x1c2c, 0x1c33,
+	0x1c36, 0x1c37,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cd2,
+	0x1cd4, 0x1ce0,
+	0x1ce2, 0x1ce8,
+	0x1ced, 0x1ced,
+	0x1cf4, 0x1cf4,
+	0x1cf8, 0x1cf9,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+	0x200c, 0x200c,
+	0x20d0, 0x20f0,
+	0x2cef, 0x2cf1,
+	0x2d7f, 0x2d7f,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+	0x302a, 0x302f,
+	0x3099, 0x309a,
+	0xa66f, 0xa672,
+	0xa674, 0xa67d,
+	0xa69e, 0xa69f,
+	0xa6f0, 0xa6f1,
+	0xa802, 0xa802,
+	0xa806, 0xa806,
+	0xa80b, 0xa80b,
+	0xa825, 0xa826,
+	0xa82c, 0xa82c,
+	0xa8c4, 0xa8c5,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8f1,
+	0xa8ff, 0xa8ff,
+	0xa926, 0xa92d,
+	0xa947, 0xa951,
+	0xa953, 0xa953,
+	0xa980, 0xa982,
+	0xa9b3, 0xa9b3,
+	0xa9b6, 0xa9b9,
+	0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
+	0xa9c0, 0xa9c0,
+	0xa9e5, 0xa9e5,
+	0xaa29, 0xaa2e,
+	0xaa31, 0xaa32,
+	0xaa35, 0xaa36,
+	0xaa43, 0xaa43,
+	0xaa4c, 0xaa4c,
+	0xaa7c, 0xaa7c,
+	0xaab0, 0xaab0,
+	0xaab2, 0xaab4,
+	0xaab7, 0xaab8,
+	0xaabe, 0xaabf,
+	0xaac1, 0xaac1,
+	0xaaec, 0xaaed,
+	0xaaf6, 0xaaf6,
+	0xabe5, 0xabe5,
+	0xabe8, 0xabe8,
+	0xabed, 0xabed,
+	0xfb1e, 0xfb1e,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+	0xff9e, 0xff9f,
+	0x101fd, 0x101fd,
+	0x102e0, 0x102e0,
+	0x10376, 0x1037a,
+	0x10a01, 0x10a03,
+	0x10a05, 0x10a06,
+	0x10a0c, 0x10a0f,
+	0x10a38, 0x10a3a,
+	0x10a3f, 0x10a3f,
+	0x10ae5, 0x10ae6,
+	0x10d24, 0x10d27,
+	0x10d69, 0x10d6d,
+	0x10eab, 0x10eac,
+	0x10efa, 0x10eff,
+	0x10f46, 0x10f50,
+	0x10f82, 0x10f85,
+	0x11001, 0x11001,
+	0x11038, 0x11046,
+	0x11070, 0x11070,
+	0x11073, 0x11074,
+	0x1107f, 0x11081,
+	0x110b3, 0x110b6,
+	0x110b9, 0x110ba,
+	0x110c2, 0x110c2,
+	0x11100, 0x11102,
+	0x11127, 0x1112b,
+	0x1112d, 0x11134,
+	0x11173, 0x11173,
+	0x11180, 0x11181,
+	0x111b6, 0x111be,
+	0x111c0, 0x111c0,
+	0x111c9, 0x111cc,
+	0x111cf, 0x111cf,
+	0x1122f, 0x11231,
+	0x11234, 0x11237,
+	0x1123e, 0x1123e,
+	0x11241, 0x11241,
+	0x112df, 0x112df,
+	0x112e3, 0x112ea,
+	0x11300, 0x11301,
+	0x1133b, 0x1133c,
+	0x1133e, 0x1133e,
+	0x11340, 0x11340,
+	0x1134d, 0x1134d,
+	0x11357, 0x11357,
+	0x11366, 0x1136c,
+	0x11370, 0x11374,
+	0x113b8, 0x113b8,
+	0x113bb, 0x113c0,
+	0x113c2, 0x113c2,
+	0x113c5, 0x113c5,
+	0x113c7, 0x113c9,
+	0x113ce, 0x113d0,
+	0x113d2, 0x113d2,
+	0x113e1, 0x113e2,
+	0x11438, 0x1143f,
+	0x11442, 0x11444,
+	0x11446, 0x11446,
+	0x1145e, 0x1145e,
+	0x114b0, 0x114b0,
+	0x114b3, 0x114b8,
+	0x114ba, 0x114ba,
+	0x114bd, 0x114bd,
+	0x114bf, 0x114c0,
+	0x114c2, 0x114c3,
+	0x115af, 0x115af,
+	0x115b2, 0x115b5,
+	0x115bc, 0x115bd,
+	0x115bf, 0x115c0,
+	0x115dc, 0x115dd,
+	0x11633, 0x1163a,
+	0x1163d, 0x1163d,
+	0x1163f, 0x11640,
+	0x116ab, 0x116ab,
+	0x116ad, 0x116ad,
+	0x116b0, 0x116b7,
+	0x1171d, 0x1171d,
+	0x1171f, 0x1171f,
+	0x11722, 0x11725,
+	0x11727, 0x1172b,
+	0x1182f, 0x11837,
+	0x11839, 0x1183a,
+	0x11930, 0x11930,
+	0x1193b, 0x1193e,
+	0x11943, 0x11943,
+	0x119d4, 0x119d7,
+	0x119da, 0x119db,
+	0x119e0, 0x119e0,
+	0x11a01, 0x11a0a,
+	0x11a33, 0x11a38,
+	0x11a3b, 0x11a3e,
+	0x11a47, 0x11a47,
+	0x11a51, 0x11a56,
+	0x11a59, 0x11a5b,
+	0x11a8a, 0x11a96,
+	0x11a98, 0x11a99,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b60,
+	0x11b62, 0x11b64,
+	0x11b66, 0x11b66,
+	0x11c30, 0x11c36,
+	0x11c38, 0x11c3d,
+	0x11c3f, 0x11c3f,
+	0x11c92, 0x11ca7,
+	0x11caa, 0x11cb0,
+	0x11cb2, 0x11cb3,
+	0x11cb5, 0x11cb6,
+	0x11d31, 0x11d36,
+	0x11d3a, 0x11d3a,
+	0x11d3c, 0x11d3d,
+	0x11d3f, 0x11d45,
+	0x11d47, 0x11d47,
+	0x11d90, 0x11d91,
+	0x11d95, 0x11d95,
+	0x11d97, 0x11d97,
+	0x11ef3, 0x11ef4,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f01,
+	0x11f36, 0x11f3a,
+	0x11f40, 0x11f42,
+	0x11f5a, 0x11f5a,
+	0x13440, 0x13440,
+	0x13447, 0x13455,
+	0x1611e, 0x16129,
+	0x1612d, 0x1612f,
+	0x16af0, 0x16af4,
+	0x16b30, 0x16b36,
+	0x16f4f, 0x16f4f,
+	0x16f8f, 0x16f92,
+	0x16fe4, 0x16fe4,
+	0x16ff0, 0x16ff1,
+	0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9e,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cf2d,
+	0x1cf30, 0x1cf46,
+	0x1d165, 0x1d169,
+	0x1d16d, 0x1d172,
+	0x1d17b, 0x1d182,
+	0x1d185, 0x1d18b,
+	0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ad,
+	0x1d242, 0x1d244,
+	0x1da00, 0x1da36,
+	0x1da3b, 0x1da6c,
+	0x1da75, 0x1da75,
+	0x1da84, 0x1da84,
+	0x1da9b, 0x1da9f,
+	0x1daa1, 0x1daaf,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e006,
+	0x1e008, 0x1e018,
+	0x1e01b, 0x1e021,
+	0x1e023, 0x1e024,
+	0x1e026, 0x1e02a,
+	0x1e08f, 0x1e08f,
+	0x1e130, 0x1e136,
+	0x1e2ae, 0x1e2ae,
+	0x1e2ec, 0x1e2ef,
+	0x1e4ec, 0x1e4ef,
+	0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef,
+	0x1e6e3, 0x1e6e3,
+	0x1e6e6, 0x1e6e6,
+	0x1e6ee, 0x1e6ef,
+	0x1e6f5, 0x1e6f5,
+	0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6,
+	0x1e944, 0x1e94a,
+	0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff,
+	0xe0020, 0xe007f,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=Regional_Indicator */
+#define CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator CR_Regional_Indicator
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=SpacingMark */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark[] = {
+	158,
+	0x0903, 0x0903,
+	0x093b, 0x093b,
+	0x093e, 0x0940,
+	0x0949, 0x094c,
+	0x094e, 0x094f,
+	0x0982, 0x0983,
+	0x09bf, 0x09c0,
+	0x09c7, 0x09c8,
+	0x09cb, 0x09cc,
+	0x0a03, 0x0a03,
+	0x0a3e, 0x0a40,
+	0x0a83, 0x0a83,
+	0x0abe, 0x0ac0,
+	0x0ac9, 0x0ac9,
+	0x0acb, 0x0acc,
+	0x0b02, 0x0b03,
+	0x0b40, 0x0b40,
+	0x0b47, 0x0b48,
+	0x0b4b, 0x0b4c,
+	0x0bbf, 0x0bbf,
+	0x0bc1, 0x0bc2,
+	0x0bc6, 0x0bc8,
+	0x0bca, 0x0bcc,
+	0x0c01, 0x0c03,
+	0x0c41, 0x0c44,
+	0x0c82, 0x0c83,
+	0x0cbe, 0x0cbe,
+	0x0cc1, 0x0cc1,
+	0x0cc3, 0x0cc4,
+	0x0cf3, 0x0cf3,
+	0x0d02, 0x0d03,
+	0x0d3f, 0x0d40,
+	0x0d46, 0x0d48,
+	0x0d4a, 0x0d4c,
+	0x0d82, 0x0d83,
+	0x0dd0, 0x0dd1,
+	0x0dd8, 0x0dde,
+	0x0df2, 0x0df3,
+	0x0e33, 0x0e33,
+	0x0eb3, 0x0eb3,
+	0x0f3e, 0x0f3f,
+	0x0f7f, 0x0f7f,
+	0x1031, 0x1031,
+	0x103b, 0x103c,
+	0x1056, 0x1057,
+	0x1084, 0x1084,
+	0x17b6, 0x17b6,
+	0x17be, 0x17c5,
+	0x17c7, 0x17c8,
+	0x1923, 0x1926,
+	0x1929, 0x192b,
+	0x1930, 0x1931,
+	0x1933, 0x1938,
+	0x1a19, 0x1a1a,
+	0x1a55, 0x1a55,
+	0x1a57, 0x1a57,
+	0x1a6d, 0x1a72,
+	0x1b04, 0x1b04,
+	0x1b3e, 0x1b41,
+	0x1b82, 0x1b82,
+	0x1ba1, 0x1ba1,
+	0x1ba6, 0x1ba7,
+	0x1be7, 0x1be7,
+	0x1bea, 0x1bec,
+	0x1bee, 0x1bee,
+	0x1c24, 0x1c2b,
+	0x1c34, 0x1c35,
+	0x1ce1, 0x1ce1,
+	0x1cf7, 0x1cf7,
+	0xa823, 0xa824,
+	0xa827, 0xa827,
+	0xa880, 0xa881,
+	0xa8b4, 0xa8c3,
+	0xa952, 0xa952,
+	0xa983, 0xa983,
+	0xa9b4, 0xa9b5,
+	0xa9ba, 0xa9bb,
+	0xa9be, 0xa9bf,
+	0xaa2f, 0xaa30,
+	0xaa33, 0xaa34,
+	0xaa4d, 0xaa4d,
+	0xaaeb, 0xaaeb,
+	0xaaee, 0xaaef,
+	0xaaf5, 0xaaf5,
+	0xabe3, 0xabe4,
+	0xabe6, 0xabe7,
+	0xabe9, 0xabea,
+	0xabec, 0xabec,
+	0x11000, 0x11000,
+	0x11002, 0x11002,
+	0x11082, 0x11082,
+	0x110b0, 0x110b2,
+	0x110b7, 0x110b8,
+	0x1112c, 0x1112c,
+	0x11145, 0x11146,
+	0x11182, 0x11182,
+	0x111b3, 0x111b5,
+	0x111bf, 0x111bf,
+	0x111ce, 0x111ce,
+	0x1122c, 0x1122e,
+	0x11232, 0x11233,
+	0x112e0, 0x112e2,
+	0x11302, 0x11303,
+	0x1133f, 0x1133f,
+	0x11341, 0x11344,
+	0x11347, 0x11348,
+	0x1134b, 0x1134c,
+	0x11362, 0x11363,
+	0x113b9, 0x113ba,
+	0x113ca, 0x113ca,
+	0x113cc, 0x113cd,
+	0x11435, 0x11437,
+	0x11440, 0x11441,
+	0x11445, 0x11445,
+	0x114b1, 0x114b2,
+	0x114b9, 0x114b9,
+	0x114bb, 0x114bc,
+	0x114be, 0x114be,
+	0x114c1, 0x114c1,
+	0x115b0, 0x115b1,
+	0x115b8, 0x115bb,
+	0x115be, 0x115be,
+	0x11630, 0x11632,
+	0x1163b, 0x1163c,
+	0x1163e, 0x1163e,
+	0x116ac, 0x116ac,
+	0x116ae, 0x116af,
+	0x1171e, 0x1171e,
+	0x11726, 0x11726,
+	0x1182c, 0x1182e,
+	0x11838, 0x11838,
+	0x11931, 0x11935,
+	0x11937, 0x11938,
+	0x11940, 0x11940,
+	0x11942, 0x11942,
+	0x119d1, 0x119d3,
+	0x119dc, 0x119df,
+	0x119e4, 0x119e4,
+	0x11a39, 0x11a39,
+	0x11a57, 0x11a58,
+	0x11a97, 0x11a97,
+	0x11b61, 0x11b61,
+	0x11b65, 0x11b65,
+	0x11b67, 0x11b67,
+	0x11c2f, 0x11c2f,
+	0x11c3e, 0x11c3e,
+	0x11ca9, 0x11ca9,
+	0x11cb1, 0x11cb1,
+	0x11cb4, 0x11cb4,
+	0x11d8a, 0x11d8e,
+	0x11d93, 0x11d94,
+	0x11d96, 0x11d96,
+	0x11ef5, 0x11ef6,
+	0x11f03, 0x11f03,
+	0x11f34, 0x11f35,
+	0x11f3e, 0x11f3f,
+	0x1612a, 0x1612c,
+	0x16f51, 0x16f87,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=L */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L[] = {
+	2,
+	0x1100, 0x115f,
+	0xa960, 0xa97c,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=V */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V[] = {
+	4,
+	0x1160, 0x11a7,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+	0x16d63, 0x16d63,
+	0x16d67, 0x16d6a,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=T */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T[] = {
+	2,
+	0x11a8, 0x11ff,
+	0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LV */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV[] = {
+	399,
+	0xac00, 0xac00,
+	0xac1c, 0xac1c,
+	0xac38, 0xac38,
+	0xac54, 0xac54,
+	0xac70, 0xac70,
+	0xac8c, 0xac8c,
+	0xaca8, 0xaca8,
+	0xacc4, 0xacc4,
+	0xace0, 0xace0,
+	0xacfc, 0xacfc,
+	0xad18, 0xad18,
+	0xad34, 0xad34,
+	0xad50, 0xad50,
+	0xad6c, 0xad6c,
+	0xad88, 0xad88,
+	0xada4, 0xada4,
+	0xadc0, 0xadc0,
+	0xaddc, 0xaddc,
+	0xadf8, 0xadf8,
+	0xae14, 0xae14,
+	0xae30, 0xae30,
+	0xae4c, 0xae4c,
+	0xae68, 0xae68,
+	0xae84, 0xae84,
+	0xaea0, 0xaea0,
+	0xaebc, 0xaebc,
+	0xaed8, 0xaed8,
+	0xaef4, 0xaef4,
+	0xaf10, 0xaf10,
+	0xaf2c, 0xaf2c,
+	0xaf48, 0xaf48,
+	0xaf64, 0xaf64,
+	0xaf80, 0xaf80,
+	0xaf9c, 0xaf9c,
+	0xafb8, 0xafb8,
+	0xafd4, 0xafd4,
+	0xaff0, 0xaff0,
+	0xb00c, 0xb00c,
+	0xb028, 0xb028,
+	0xb044, 0xb044,
+	0xb060, 0xb060,
+	0xb07c, 0xb07c,
+	0xb098, 0xb098,
+	0xb0b4, 0xb0b4,
+	0xb0d0, 0xb0d0,
+	0xb0ec, 0xb0ec,
+	0xb108, 0xb108,
+	0xb124, 0xb124,
+	0xb140, 0xb140,
+	0xb15c, 0xb15c,
+	0xb178, 0xb178,
+	0xb194, 0xb194,
+	0xb1b0, 0xb1b0,
+	0xb1cc, 0xb1cc,
+	0xb1e8, 0xb1e8,
+	0xb204, 0xb204,
+	0xb220, 0xb220,
+	0xb23c, 0xb23c,
+	0xb258, 0xb258,
+	0xb274, 0xb274,
+	0xb290, 0xb290,
+	0xb2ac, 0xb2ac,
+	0xb2c8, 0xb2c8,
+	0xb2e4, 0xb2e4,
+	0xb300, 0xb300,
+	0xb31c, 0xb31c,
+	0xb338, 0xb338,
+	0xb354, 0xb354,
+	0xb370, 0xb370,
+	0xb38c, 0xb38c,
+	0xb3a8, 0xb3a8,
+	0xb3c4, 0xb3c4,
+	0xb3e0, 0xb3e0,
+	0xb3fc, 0xb3fc,
+	0xb418, 0xb418,
+	0xb434, 0xb434,
+	0xb450, 0xb450,
+	0xb46c, 0xb46c,
+	0xb488, 0xb488,
+	0xb4a4, 0xb4a4,
+	0xb4c0, 0xb4c0,
+	0xb4dc, 0xb4dc,
+	0xb4f8, 0xb4f8,
+	0xb514, 0xb514,
+	0xb530, 0xb530,
+	0xb54c, 0xb54c,
+	0xb568, 0xb568,
+	0xb584, 0xb584,
+	0xb5a0, 0xb5a0,
+	0xb5bc, 0xb5bc,
+	0xb5d8, 0xb5d8,
+	0xb5f4, 0xb5f4,
+	0xb610, 0xb610,
+	0xb62c, 0xb62c,
+	0xb648, 0xb648,
+	0xb664, 0xb664,
+	0xb680, 0xb680,
+	0xb69c, 0xb69c,
+	0xb6b8, 0xb6b8,
+	0xb6d4, 0xb6d4,
+	0xb6f0, 0xb6f0,
+	0xb70c, 0xb70c,
+	0xb728, 0xb728,
+	0xb744, 0xb744,
+	0xb760, 0xb760,
+	0xb77c, 0xb77c,
+	0xb798, 0xb798,
+	0xb7b4, 0xb7b4,
+	0xb7d0, 0xb7d0,
+	0xb7ec, 0xb7ec,
+	0xb808, 0xb808,
+	0xb824, 0xb824,
+	0xb840, 0xb840,
+	0xb85c, 0xb85c,
+	0xb878, 0xb878,
+	0xb894, 0xb894,
+	0xb8b0, 0xb8b0,
+	0xb8cc, 0xb8cc,
+	0xb8e8, 0xb8e8,
+	0xb904, 0xb904,
+	0xb920, 0xb920,
+	0xb93c, 0xb93c,
+	0xb958, 0xb958,
+	0xb974, 0xb974,
+	0xb990, 0xb990,
+	0xb9ac, 0xb9ac,
+	0xb9c8, 0xb9c8,
+	0xb9e4, 0xb9e4,
+	0xba00, 0xba00,
+	0xba1c, 0xba1c,
+	0xba38, 0xba38,
+	0xba54, 0xba54,
+	0xba70, 0xba70,
+	0xba8c, 0xba8c,
+	0xbaa8, 0xbaa8,
+	0xbac4, 0xbac4,
+	0xbae0, 0xbae0,
+	0xbafc, 0xbafc,
+	0xbb18, 0xbb18,
+	0xbb34, 0xbb34,
+	0xbb50, 0xbb50,
+	0xbb6c, 0xbb6c,
+	0xbb88, 0xbb88,
+	0xbba4, 0xbba4,
+	0xbbc0, 0xbbc0,
+	0xbbdc, 0xbbdc,
+	0xbbf8, 0xbbf8,
+	0xbc14, 0xbc14,
+	0xbc30, 0xbc30,
+	0xbc4c, 0xbc4c,
+	0xbc68, 0xbc68,
+	0xbc84, 0xbc84,
+	0xbca0, 0xbca0,
+	0xbcbc, 0xbcbc,
+	0xbcd8, 0xbcd8,
+	0xbcf4, 0xbcf4,
+	0xbd10, 0xbd10,
+	0xbd2c, 0xbd2c,
+	0xbd48, 0xbd48,
+	0xbd64, 0xbd64,
+	0xbd80, 0xbd80,
+	0xbd9c, 0xbd9c,
+	0xbdb8, 0xbdb8,
+	0xbdd4, 0xbdd4,
+	0xbdf0, 0xbdf0,
+	0xbe0c, 0xbe0c,
+	0xbe28, 0xbe28,
+	0xbe44, 0xbe44,
+	0xbe60, 0xbe60,
+	0xbe7c, 0xbe7c,
+	0xbe98, 0xbe98,
+	0xbeb4, 0xbeb4,
+	0xbed0, 0xbed0,
+	0xbeec, 0xbeec,
+	0xbf08, 0xbf08,
+	0xbf24, 0xbf24,
+	0xbf40, 0xbf40,
+	0xbf5c, 0xbf5c,
+	0xbf78, 0xbf78,
+	0xbf94, 0xbf94,
+	0xbfb0, 0xbfb0,
+	0xbfcc, 0xbfcc,
+	0xbfe8, 0xbfe8,
+	0xc004, 0xc004,
+	0xc020, 0xc020,
+	0xc03c, 0xc03c,
+	0xc058, 0xc058,
+	0xc074, 0xc074,
+	0xc090, 0xc090,
+	0xc0ac, 0xc0ac,
+	0xc0c8, 0xc0c8,
+	0xc0e4, 0xc0e4,
+	0xc100, 0xc100,
+	0xc11c, 0xc11c,
+	0xc138, 0xc138,
+	0xc154, 0xc154,
+	0xc170, 0xc170,
+	0xc18c, 0xc18c,
+	0xc1a8, 0xc1a8,
+	0xc1c4, 0xc1c4,
+	0xc1e0, 0xc1e0,
+	0xc1fc, 0xc1fc,
+	0xc218, 0xc218,
+	0xc234, 0xc234,
+	0xc250, 0xc250,
+	0xc26c, 0xc26c,
+	0xc288, 0xc288,
+	0xc2a4, 0xc2a4,
+	0xc2c0, 0xc2c0,
+	0xc2dc, 0xc2dc,
+	0xc2f8, 0xc2f8,
+	0xc314, 0xc314,
+	0xc330, 0xc330,
+	0xc34c, 0xc34c,
+	0xc368, 0xc368,
+	0xc384, 0xc384,
+	0xc3a0, 0xc3a0,
+	0xc3bc, 0xc3bc,
+	0xc3d8, 0xc3d8,
+	0xc3f4, 0xc3f4,
+	0xc410, 0xc410,
+	0xc42c, 0xc42c,
+	0xc448, 0xc448,
+	0xc464, 0xc464,
+	0xc480, 0xc480,
+	0xc49c, 0xc49c,
+	0xc4b8, 0xc4b8,
+	0xc4d4, 0xc4d4,
+	0xc4f0, 0xc4f0,
+	0xc50c, 0xc50c,
+	0xc528, 0xc528,
+	0xc544, 0xc544,
+	0xc560, 0xc560,
+	0xc57c, 0xc57c,
+	0xc598, 0xc598,
+	0xc5b4, 0xc5b4,
+	0xc5d0, 0xc5d0,
+	0xc5ec, 0xc5ec,
+	0xc608, 0xc608,
+	0xc624, 0xc624,
+	0xc640, 0xc640,
+	0xc65c, 0xc65c,
+	0xc678, 0xc678,
+	0xc694, 0xc694,
+	0xc6b0, 0xc6b0,
+	0xc6cc, 0xc6cc,
+	0xc6e8, 0xc6e8,
+	0xc704, 0xc704,
+	0xc720, 0xc720,
+	0xc73c, 0xc73c,
+	0xc758, 0xc758,
+	0xc774, 0xc774,
+	0xc790, 0xc790,
+	0xc7ac, 0xc7ac,
+	0xc7c8, 0xc7c8,
+	0xc7e4, 0xc7e4,
+	0xc800, 0xc800,
+	0xc81c, 0xc81c,
+	0xc838, 0xc838,
+	0xc854, 0xc854,
+	0xc870, 0xc870,
+	0xc88c, 0xc88c,
+	0xc8a8, 0xc8a8,
+	0xc8c4, 0xc8c4,
+	0xc8e0, 0xc8e0,
+	0xc8fc, 0xc8fc,
+	0xc918, 0xc918,
+	0xc934, 0xc934,
+	0xc950, 0xc950,
+	0xc96c, 0xc96c,
+	0xc988, 0xc988,
+	0xc9a4, 0xc9a4,
+	0xc9c0, 0xc9c0,
+	0xc9dc, 0xc9dc,
+	0xc9f8, 0xc9f8,
+	0xca14, 0xca14,
+	0xca30, 0xca30,
+	0xca4c, 0xca4c,
+	0xca68, 0xca68,
+	0xca84, 0xca84,
+	0xcaa0, 0xcaa0,
+	0xcabc, 0xcabc,
+	0xcad8, 0xcad8,
+	0xcaf4, 0xcaf4,
+	0xcb10, 0xcb10,
+	0xcb2c, 0xcb2c,
+	0xcb48, 0xcb48,
+	0xcb64, 0xcb64,
+	0xcb80, 0xcb80,
+	0xcb9c, 0xcb9c,
+	0xcbb8, 0xcbb8,
+	0xcbd4, 0xcbd4,
+	0xcbf0, 0xcbf0,
+	0xcc0c, 0xcc0c,
+	0xcc28, 0xcc28,
+	0xcc44, 0xcc44,
+	0xcc60, 0xcc60,
+	0xcc7c, 0xcc7c,
+	0xcc98, 0xcc98,
+	0xccb4, 0xccb4,
+	0xccd0, 0xccd0,
+	0xccec, 0xccec,
+	0xcd08, 0xcd08,
+	0xcd24, 0xcd24,
+	0xcd40, 0xcd40,
+	0xcd5c, 0xcd5c,
+	0xcd78, 0xcd78,
+	0xcd94, 0xcd94,
+	0xcdb0, 0xcdb0,
+	0xcdcc, 0xcdcc,
+	0xcde8, 0xcde8,
+	0xce04, 0xce04,
+	0xce20, 0xce20,
+	0xce3c, 0xce3c,
+	0xce58, 0xce58,
+	0xce74, 0xce74,
+	0xce90, 0xce90,
+	0xceac, 0xceac,
+	0xcec8, 0xcec8,
+	0xcee4, 0xcee4,
+	0xcf00, 0xcf00,
+	0xcf1c, 0xcf1c,
+	0xcf38, 0xcf38,
+	0xcf54, 0xcf54,
+	0xcf70, 0xcf70,
+	0xcf8c, 0xcf8c,
+	0xcfa8, 0xcfa8,
+	0xcfc4, 0xcfc4,
+	0xcfe0, 0xcfe0,
+	0xcffc, 0xcffc,
+	0xd018, 0xd018,
+	0xd034, 0xd034,
+	0xd050, 0xd050,
+	0xd06c, 0xd06c,
+	0xd088, 0xd088,
+	0xd0a4, 0xd0a4,
+	0xd0c0, 0xd0c0,
+	0xd0dc, 0xd0dc,
+	0xd0f8, 0xd0f8,
+	0xd114, 0xd114,
+	0xd130, 0xd130,
+	0xd14c, 0xd14c,
+	0xd168, 0xd168,
+	0xd184, 0xd184,
+	0xd1a0, 0xd1a0,
+	0xd1bc, 0xd1bc,
+	0xd1d8, 0xd1d8,
+	0xd1f4, 0xd1f4,
+	0xd210, 0xd210,
+	0xd22c, 0xd22c,
+	0xd248, 0xd248,
+	0xd264, 0xd264,
+	0xd280, 0xd280,
+	0xd29c, 0xd29c,
+	0xd2b8, 0xd2b8,
+	0xd2d4, 0xd2d4,
+	0xd2f0, 0xd2f0,
+	0xd30c, 0xd30c,
+	0xd328, 0xd328,
+	0xd344, 0xd344,
+	0xd360, 0xd360,
+	0xd37c, 0xd37c,
+	0xd398, 0xd398,
+	0xd3b4, 0xd3b4,
+	0xd3d0, 0xd3d0,
+	0xd3ec, 0xd3ec,
+	0xd408, 0xd408,
+	0xd424, 0xd424,
+	0xd440, 0xd440,
+	0xd45c, 0xd45c,
+	0xd478, 0xd478,
+	0xd494, 0xd494,
+	0xd4b0, 0xd4b0,
+	0xd4cc, 0xd4cc,
+	0xd4e8, 0xd4e8,
+	0xd504, 0xd504,
+	0xd520, 0xd520,
+	0xd53c, 0xd53c,
+	0xd558, 0xd558,
+	0xd574, 0xd574,
+	0xd590, 0xd590,
+	0xd5ac, 0xd5ac,
+	0xd5c8, 0xd5c8,
+	0xd5e4, 0xd5e4,
+	0xd600, 0xd600,
+	0xd61c, 0xd61c,
+	0xd638, 0xd638,
+	0xd654, 0xd654,
+	0xd670, 0xd670,
+	0xd68c, 0xd68c,
+	0xd6a8, 0xd6a8,
+	0xd6c4, 0xd6c4,
+	0xd6e0, 0xd6e0,
+	0xd6fc, 0xd6fc,
+	0xd718, 0xd718,
+	0xd734, 0xd734,
+	0xd750, 0xd750,
+	0xd76c, 0xd76c,
+	0xd788, 0xd788,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=LVT */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT[] = {
+	399,
+	0xac01, 0xac1b,
+	0xac1d, 0xac37,
+	0xac39, 0xac53,
+	0xac55, 0xac6f,
+	0xac71, 0xac8b,
+	0xac8d, 0xaca7,
+	0xaca9, 0xacc3,
+	0xacc5, 0xacdf,
+	0xace1, 0xacfb,
+	0xacfd, 0xad17,
+	0xad19, 0xad33,
+	0xad35, 0xad4f,
+	0xad51, 0xad6b,
+	0xad6d, 0xad87,
+	0xad89, 0xada3,
+	0xada5, 0xadbf,
+	0xadc1, 0xaddb,
+	0xaddd, 0xadf7,
+	0xadf9, 0xae13,
+	0xae15, 0xae2f,
+	0xae31, 0xae4b,
+	0xae4d, 0xae67,
+	0xae69, 0xae83,
+	0xae85, 0xae9f,
+	0xaea1, 0xaebb,
+	0xaebd, 0xaed7,
+	0xaed9, 0xaef3,
+	0xaef5, 0xaf0f,
+	0xaf11, 0xaf2b,
+	0xaf2d, 0xaf47,
+	0xaf49, 0xaf63,
+	0xaf65, 0xaf7f,
+	0xaf81, 0xaf9b,
+	0xaf9d, 0xafb7,
+	0xafb9, 0xafd3,
+	0xafd5, 0xafef,
+	0xaff1, 0xb00b,
+	0xb00d, 0xb027,
+	0xb029, 0xb043,
+	0xb045, 0xb05f,
+	0xb061, 0xb07b,
+	0xb07d, 0xb097,
+	0xb099, 0xb0b3,
+	0xb0b5, 0xb0cf,
+	0xb0d1, 0xb0eb,
+	0xb0ed, 0xb107,
+	0xb109, 0xb123,
+	0xb125, 0xb13f,
+	0xb141, 0xb15b,
+	0xb15d, 0xb177,
+	0xb179, 0xb193,
+	0xb195, 0xb1af,
+	0xb1b1, 0xb1cb,
+	0xb1cd, 0xb1e7,
+	0xb1e9, 0xb203,
+	0xb205, 0xb21f,
+	0xb221, 0xb23b,
+	0xb23d, 0xb257,
+	0xb259, 0xb273,
+	0xb275, 0xb28f,
+	0xb291, 0xb2ab,
+	0xb2ad, 0xb2c7,
+	0xb2c9, 0xb2e3,
+	0xb2e5, 0xb2ff,
+	0xb301, 0xb31b,
+	0xb31d, 0xb337,
+	0xb339, 0xb353,
+	0xb355, 0xb36f,
+	0xb371, 0xb38b,
+	0xb38d, 0xb3a7,
+	0xb3a9, 0xb3c3,
+	0xb3c5, 0xb3df,
+	0xb3e1, 0xb3fb,
+	0xb3fd, 0xb417,
+	0xb419, 0xb433,
+	0xb435, 0xb44f,
+	0xb451, 0xb46b,
+	0xb46d, 0xb487,
+	0xb489, 0xb4a3,
+	0xb4a5, 0xb4bf,
+	0xb4c1, 0xb4db,
+	0xb4dd, 0xb4f7,
+	0xb4f9, 0xb513,
+	0xb515, 0xb52f,
+	0xb531, 0xb54b,
+	0xb54d, 0xb567,
+	0xb569, 0xb583,
+	0xb585, 0xb59f,
+	0xb5a1, 0xb5bb,
+	0xb5bd, 0xb5d7,
+	0xb5d9, 0xb5f3,
+	0xb5f5, 0xb60f,
+	0xb611, 0xb62b,
+	0xb62d, 0xb647,
+	0xb649, 0xb663,
+	0xb665, 0xb67f,
+	0xb681, 0xb69b,
+	0xb69d, 0xb6b7,
+	0xb6b9, 0xb6d3,
+	0xb6d5, 0xb6ef,
+	0xb6f1, 0xb70b,
+	0xb70d, 0xb727,
+	0xb729, 0xb743,
+	0xb745, 0xb75f,
+	0xb761, 0xb77b,
+	0xb77d, 0xb797,
+	0xb799, 0xb7b3,
+	0xb7b5, 0xb7cf,
+	0xb7d1, 0xb7eb,
+	0xb7ed, 0xb807,
+	0xb809, 0xb823,
+	0xb825, 0xb83f,
+	0xb841, 0xb85b,
+	0xb85d, 0xb877,
+	0xb879, 0xb893,
+	0xb895, 0xb8af,
+	0xb8b1, 0xb8cb,
+	0xb8cd, 0xb8e7,
+	0xb8e9, 0xb903,
+	0xb905, 0xb91f,
+	0xb921, 0xb93b,
+	0xb93d, 0xb957,
+	0xb959, 0xb973,
+	0xb975, 0xb98f,
+	0xb991, 0xb9ab,
+	0xb9ad, 0xb9c7,
+	0xb9c9, 0xb9e3,
+	0xb9e5, 0xb9ff,
+	0xba01, 0xba1b,
+	0xba1d, 0xba37,
+	0xba39, 0xba53,
+	0xba55, 0xba6f,
+	0xba71, 0xba8b,
+	0xba8d, 0xbaa7,
+	0xbaa9, 0xbac3,
+	0xbac5, 0xbadf,
+	0xbae1, 0xbafb,
+	0xbafd, 0xbb17,
+	0xbb19, 0xbb33,
+	0xbb35, 0xbb4f,
+	0xbb51, 0xbb6b,
+	0xbb6d, 0xbb87,
+	0xbb89, 0xbba3,
+	0xbba5, 0xbbbf,
+	0xbbc1, 0xbbdb,
+	0xbbdd, 0xbbf7,
+	0xbbf9, 0xbc13,
+	0xbc15, 0xbc2f,
+	0xbc31, 0xbc4b,
+	0xbc4d, 0xbc67,
+	0xbc69, 0xbc83,
+	0xbc85, 0xbc9f,
+	0xbca1, 0xbcbb,
+	0xbcbd, 0xbcd7,
+	0xbcd9, 0xbcf3,
+	0xbcf5, 0xbd0f,
+	0xbd11, 0xbd2b,
+	0xbd2d, 0xbd47,
+	0xbd49, 0xbd63,
+	0xbd65, 0xbd7f,
+	0xbd81, 0xbd9b,
+	0xbd9d, 0xbdb7,
+	0xbdb9, 0xbdd3,
+	0xbdd5, 0xbdef,
+	0xbdf1, 0xbe0b,
+	0xbe0d, 0xbe27,
+	0xbe29, 0xbe43,
+	0xbe45, 0xbe5f,
+	0xbe61, 0xbe7b,
+	0xbe7d, 0xbe97,
+	0xbe99, 0xbeb3,
+	0xbeb5, 0xbecf,
+	0xbed1, 0xbeeb,
+	0xbeed, 0xbf07,
+	0xbf09, 0xbf23,
+	0xbf25, 0xbf3f,
+	0xbf41, 0xbf5b,
+	0xbf5d, 0xbf77,
+	0xbf79, 0xbf93,
+	0xbf95, 0xbfaf,
+	0xbfb1, 0xbfcb,
+	0xbfcd, 0xbfe7,
+	0xbfe9, 0xc003,
+	0xc005, 0xc01f,
+	0xc021, 0xc03b,
+	0xc03d, 0xc057,
+	0xc059, 0xc073,
+	0xc075, 0xc08f,
+	0xc091, 0xc0ab,
+	0xc0ad, 0xc0c7,
+	0xc0c9, 0xc0e3,
+	0xc0e5, 0xc0ff,
+	0xc101, 0xc11b,
+	0xc11d, 0xc137,
+	0xc139, 0xc153,
+	0xc155, 0xc16f,
+	0xc171, 0xc18b,
+	0xc18d, 0xc1a7,
+	0xc1a9, 0xc1c3,
+	0xc1c5, 0xc1df,
+	0xc1e1, 0xc1fb,
+	0xc1fd, 0xc217,
+	0xc219, 0xc233,
+	0xc235, 0xc24f,
+	0xc251, 0xc26b,
+	0xc26d, 0xc287,
+	0xc289, 0xc2a3,
+	0xc2a5, 0xc2bf,
+	0xc2c1, 0xc2db,
+	0xc2dd, 0xc2f7,
+	0xc2f9, 0xc313,
+	0xc315, 0xc32f,
+	0xc331, 0xc34b,
+	0xc34d, 0xc367,
+	0xc369, 0xc383,
+	0xc385, 0xc39f,
+	0xc3a1, 0xc3bb,
+	0xc3bd, 0xc3d7,
+	0xc3d9, 0xc3f3,
+	0xc3f5, 0xc40f,
+	0xc411, 0xc42b,
+	0xc42d, 0xc447,
+	0xc449, 0xc463,
+	0xc465, 0xc47f,
+	0xc481, 0xc49b,
+	0xc49d, 0xc4b7,
+	0xc4b9, 0xc4d3,
+	0xc4d5, 0xc4ef,
+	0xc4f1, 0xc50b,
+	0xc50d, 0xc527,
+	0xc529, 0xc543,
+	0xc545, 0xc55f,
+	0xc561, 0xc57b,
+	0xc57d, 0xc597,
+	0xc599, 0xc5b3,
+	0xc5b5, 0xc5cf,
+	0xc5d1, 0xc5eb,
+	0xc5ed, 0xc607,
+	0xc609, 0xc623,
+	0xc625, 0xc63f,
+	0xc641, 0xc65b,
+	0xc65d, 0xc677,
+	0xc679, 0xc693,
+	0xc695, 0xc6af,
+	0xc6b1, 0xc6cb,
+	0xc6cd, 0xc6e7,
+	0xc6e9, 0xc703,
+	0xc705, 0xc71f,
+	0xc721, 0xc73b,
+	0xc73d, 0xc757,
+	0xc759, 0xc773,
+	0xc775, 0xc78f,
+	0xc791, 0xc7ab,
+	0xc7ad, 0xc7c7,
+	0xc7c9, 0xc7e3,
+	0xc7e5, 0xc7ff,
+	0xc801, 0xc81b,
+	0xc81d, 0xc837,
+	0xc839, 0xc853,
+	0xc855, 0xc86f,
+	0xc871, 0xc88b,
+	0xc88d, 0xc8a7,
+	0xc8a9, 0xc8c3,
+	0xc8c5, 0xc8df,
+	0xc8e1, 0xc8fb,
+	0xc8fd, 0xc917,
+	0xc919, 0xc933,
+	0xc935, 0xc94f,
+	0xc951, 0xc96b,
+	0xc96d, 0xc987,
+	0xc989, 0xc9a3,
+	0xc9a5, 0xc9bf,
+	0xc9c1, 0xc9db,
+	0xc9dd, 0xc9f7,
+	0xc9f9, 0xca13,
+	0xca15, 0xca2f,
+	0xca31, 0xca4b,
+	0xca4d, 0xca67,
+	0xca69, 0xca83,
+	0xca85, 0xca9f,
+	0xcaa1, 0xcabb,
+	0xcabd, 0xcad7,
+	0xcad9, 0xcaf3,
+	0xcaf5, 0xcb0f,
+	0xcb11, 0xcb2b,
+	0xcb2d, 0xcb47,
+	0xcb49, 0xcb63,
+	0xcb65, 0xcb7f,
+	0xcb81, 0xcb9b,
+	0xcb9d, 0xcbb7,
+	0xcbb9, 0xcbd3,
+	0xcbd5, 0xcbef,
+	0xcbf1, 0xcc0b,
+	0xcc0d, 0xcc27,
+	0xcc29, 0xcc43,
+	0xcc45, 0xcc5f,
+	0xcc61, 0xcc7b,
+	0xcc7d, 0xcc97,
+	0xcc99, 0xccb3,
+	0xccb5, 0xcccf,
+	0xccd1, 0xcceb,
+	0xcced, 0xcd07,
+	0xcd09, 0xcd23,
+	0xcd25, 0xcd3f,
+	0xcd41, 0xcd5b,
+	0xcd5d, 0xcd77,
+	0xcd79, 0xcd93,
+	0xcd95, 0xcdaf,
+	0xcdb1, 0xcdcb,
+	0xcdcd, 0xcde7,
+	0xcde9, 0xce03,
+	0xce05, 0xce1f,
+	0xce21, 0xce3b,
+	0xce3d, 0xce57,
+	0xce59, 0xce73,
+	0xce75, 0xce8f,
+	0xce91, 0xceab,
+	0xcead, 0xcec7,
+	0xcec9, 0xcee3,
+	0xcee5, 0xceff,
+	0xcf01, 0xcf1b,
+	0xcf1d, 0xcf37,
+	0xcf39, 0xcf53,
+	0xcf55, 0xcf6f,
+	0xcf71, 0xcf8b,
+	0xcf8d, 0xcfa7,
+	0xcfa9, 0xcfc3,
+	0xcfc5, 0xcfdf,
+	0xcfe1, 0xcffb,
+	0xcffd, 0xd017,
+	0xd019, 0xd033,
+	0xd035, 0xd04f,
+	0xd051, 0xd06b,
+	0xd06d, 0xd087,
+	0xd089, 0xd0a3,
+	0xd0a5, 0xd0bf,
+	0xd0c1, 0xd0db,
+	0xd0dd, 0xd0f7,
+	0xd0f9, 0xd113,
+	0xd115, 0xd12f,
+	0xd131, 0xd14b,
+	0xd14d, 0xd167,
+	0xd169, 0xd183,
+	0xd185, 0xd19f,
+	0xd1a1, 0xd1bb,
+	0xd1bd, 0xd1d7,
+	0xd1d9, 0xd1f3,
+	0xd1f5, 0xd20f,
+	0xd211, 0xd22b,
+	0xd22d, 0xd247,
+	0xd249, 0xd263,
+	0xd265, 0xd27f,
+	0xd281, 0xd29b,
+	0xd29d, 0xd2b7,
+	0xd2b9, 0xd2d3,
+	0xd2d5, 0xd2ef,
+	0xd2f1, 0xd30b,
+	0xd30d, 0xd327,
+	0xd329, 0xd343,
+	0xd345, 0xd35f,
+	0xd361, 0xd37b,
+	0xd37d, 0xd397,
+	0xd399, 0xd3b3,
+	0xd3b5, 0xd3cf,
+	0xd3d1, 0xd3eb,
+	0xd3ed, 0xd407,
+	0xd409, 0xd423,
+	0xd425, 0xd43f,
+	0xd441, 0xd45b,
+	0xd45d, 0xd477,
+	0xd479, 0xd493,
+	0xd495, 0xd4af,
+	0xd4b1, 0xd4cb,
+	0xd4cd, 0xd4e7,
+	0xd4e9, 0xd503,
+	0xd505, 0xd51f,
+	0xd521, 0xd53b,
+	0xd53d, 0xd557,
+	0xd559, 0xd573,
+	0xd575, 0xd58f,
+	0xd591, 0xd5ab,
+	0xd5ad, 0xd5c7,
+	0xd5c9, 0xd5e3,
+	0xd5e5, 0xd5ff,
+	0xd601, 0xd61b,
+	0xd61d, 0xd637,
+	0xd639, 0xd653,
+	0xd655, 0xd66f,
+	0xd671, 0xd68b,
+	0xd68d, 0xd6a7,
+	0xd6a9, 0xd6c3,
+	0xd6c5, 0xd6df,
+	0xd6e1, 0xd6fb,
+	0xd6fd, 0xd717,
+	0xd719, 0xd733,
+	0xd735, 0xd74f,
+	0xd751, 0xd76b,
+	0xd76d, 0xd787,
+	0xd789, 0xd7a3,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT */
+
+/* 'Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ': Grapheme_Cluster_Break=ZWJ */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ[] = {
+	1,
+	0x200d, 0x200d,
+}; /* CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ */
+
+/* 'In_Basic_Latin': Block */
+#define CR_In_Basic_Latin CR_ASCII
+
+/* 'In_Latin_1_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0080, 0x00ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0100, 0x017f,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0180, 0x024f,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_IPA_Extensions': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_IPA_Extensions[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0250, 0x02af,
+}; /* CR_In_IPA_Extensions */
+
+/* 'In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters[] = {
+	1,
+	0x02b0, 0x02ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters */
+
+/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0300, 0x036f,
+}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks */
+
+/* 'In_Greek_and_Coptic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0370, 0x03ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic */
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0400, 0x04ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic */
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0500, 0x052f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Armenian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Armenian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0530, 0x058f,
+}; /* CR_In_Armenian */
+
+/* 'In_Hebrew': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hebrew[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0590, 0x05ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Hebrew */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0600, 0x06ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic */
+
+/* 'In_Syriac': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syriac[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0700, 0x074f,
+}; /* CR_In_Syriac */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0750, 0x077f,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Thaana': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Thaana[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0780, 0x07bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Thaana */
+
+/* 'In_NKo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_NKo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x07c0, 0x07ff,
+}; /* CR_In_NKo */
+
+/* 'In_Samaritan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Samaritan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0800, 0x083f,
+}; /* CR_In_Samaritan */
+
+/* 'In_Mandaic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mandaic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0840, 0x085f,
+}; /* CR_In_Mandaic */
+
+/* 'In_Syriac_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syriac_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0860, 0x086f,
+}; /* CR_In_Syriac_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0870, 0x089f,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x08a0, 0x08ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Devanagari': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0900, 0x097f,
+}; /* CR_In_Devanagari */
+
+/* 'In_Bengali': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bengali[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0980, 0x09ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Bengali */
+
+/* 'In_Gurmukhi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gurmukhi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0a00, 0x0a7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Gurmukhi */
+
+/* 'In_Gujarati': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gujarati[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0a80, 0x0aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Gujarati */
+
+/* 'In_Oriya': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Oriya[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0b00, 0x0b7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Oriya */
+
+/* 'In_Tamil': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tamil[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0b80, 0x0bff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tamil */
+
+/* 'In_Telugu': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Telugu[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0c00, 0x0c7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Telugu */
+
+/* 'In_Kannada': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kannada[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0c80, 0x0cff,
+}; /* CR_In_Kannada */
+
+/* 'In_Malayalam': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Malayalam[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0d00, 0x0d7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Malayalam */
+
+/* 'In_Sinhala': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sinhala[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0d80, 0x0dff,
+}; /* CR_In_Sinhala */
+
+/* 'In_Thai': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Thai[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0e00, 0x0e7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Thai */
+
+/* 'In_Lao': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lao[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0e80, 0x0eff,
+}; /* CR_In_Lao */
+
+/* 'In_Tibetan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tibetan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x0f00, 0x0fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tibetan */
+
+/* 'In_Myanmar': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1000, 0x109f,
+}; /* CR_In_Myanmar */
+
+/* 'In_Georgian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10a0, 0x10ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Georgian */
+
+/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1100, 0x11ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo */
+
+/* 'In_Ethiopic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1200, 0x137f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic */
+
+/* 'In_Ethiopic_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1380, 0x139f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Cherokee': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cherokee[] = {
+	1,
+	0x13a0, 0x13ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Cherokee */
+
+/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1400, 0x167f,
+}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics */
+
+/* 'In_Ogham': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ogham[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1680, 0x169f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ogham */
+
+/* 'In_Runic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Runic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16a0, 0x16ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Runic */
+
+/* 'In_Tagalog': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tagalog[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1700, 0x171f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tagalog */
+
+/* 'In_Hanunoo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hanunoo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1720, 0x173f,
+}; /* CR_In_Hanunoo */
+
+/* 'In_Buhid': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Buhid[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1740, 0x175f,
+}; /* CR_In_Buhid */
+
+/* 'In_Tagbanwa': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tagbanwa[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1760, 0x177f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tagbanwa */
+
+/* 'In_Khmer': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khmer[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1780, 0x17ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Khmer */
+
+/* 'In_Mongolian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mongolian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1800, 0x18af,
+}; /* CR_In_Mongolian */
+
+/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x18b0, 0x18ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Limbu': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Limbu[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1900, 0x194f,
+}; /* CR_In_Limbu */
+
+/* 'In_Tai_Le': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Le[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1950, 0x197f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tai_Le */
+
+/* 'In_New_Tai_Lue': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_New_Tai_Lue[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1980, 0x19df,
+}; /* CR_In_New_Tai_Lue */
+
+/* 'In_Khmer_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khmer_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x19e0, 0x19ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Khmer_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Buginese': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Buginese[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1a00, 0x1a1f,
+}; /* CR_In_Buginese */
+
+/* 'In_Tai_Tham': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Tham[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1a20, 0x1aaf,
+}; /* CR_In_Tai_Tham */
+
+/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1ab0, 0x1aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Balinese': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Balinese[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b00, 0x1b7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Balinese */
+
+/* 'In_Sundanese': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sundanese[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b80, 0x1bbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Sundanese */
+
+/* 'In_Batak': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Batak[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1bc0, 0x1bff,
+}; /* CR_In_Batak */
+
+/* 'In_Lepcha': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lepcha[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1c00, 0x1c4f,
+}; /* CR_In_Lepcha */
+
+/* 'In_Ol_Chiki': Block */
+#define CR_In_Ol_Chiki CR_Ol_Chiki
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1c80, 0x1c8f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C */
+
+/* 'In_Georgian_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1c90, 0x1cbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Georgian_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Sundanese_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1cc0, 0x1ccf,
+}; /* CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Vedic_Extensions': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vedic_Extensions[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1cd0, 0x1cff,
+}; /* CR_In_Vedic_Extensions */
+
+/* 'In_Phonetic_Extensions': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d00, 0x1d7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions */
+
+/* 'In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d80, 0x1dbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1dc0, 0x1dff,
+}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_Additional': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e00, 0x1eff,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional */
+
+/* 'In_Greek_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Greek_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f00, 0x1fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Greek_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_General_Punctuation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_General_Punctuation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2000, 0x206f,
+}; /* CR_In_General_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2070, 0x209f,
+}; /* CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts */
+
+/* 'In_Currency_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Currency_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x20a0, 0x20cf,
+}; /* CR_In_Currency_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x20d0, 0x20ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Letterlike_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2100, 0x214f,
+}; /* CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Number_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Number_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2150, 0x218f,
+}; /* CR_In_Number_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Arrows': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arrows[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2190, 0x21ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arrows */
+
+/* 'In_Mathematical_Operators': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mathematical_Operators[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2200, 0x22ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Mathematical_Operators */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Technical': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2300, 0x23ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical */
+
+/* 'In_Control_Pictures': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Control_Pictures[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2400, 0x243f,
+}; /* CR_In_Control_Pictures */
+
+/* 'In_Optical_Character_Recognition': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2440, 0x245f,
+}; /* CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition */
+
+/* 'In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2460, 0x24ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics */
+
+/* 'In_Box_Drawing': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Box_Drawing[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2500, 0x257f,
+}; /* CR_In_Box_Drawing */
+
+/* 'In_Block_Elements': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Block_Elements[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2580, 0x259f,
+}; /* CR_In_Block_Elements */
+
+/* 'In_Geometric_Shapes': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Geometric_Shapes[] = {
+	1,
+	0x25a0, 0x25ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Geometric_Shapes */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2600, 0x26ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Dingbats': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dingbats[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2700, 0x27bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Dingbats */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x27c0, 0x27ef,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A */
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x27f0, 0x27ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A */
+
+/* 'In_Braille_Patterns': Block */
+#define CR_In_Braille_Patterns CR_Braille
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2900, 0x297f,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2980, 0x29ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B */
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2a00, 0x2aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2b00, 0x2bff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows */
+
+/* 'In_Glagolitic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Glagolitic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2c00, 0x2c5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Glagolitic */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2c60, 0x2c7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_C */
+
+/* 'In_Coptic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Coptic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2c80, 0x2cff,
+}; /* CR_In_Coptic */
+
+/* 'In_Georgian_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Georgian_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2d00, 0x2d2f,
+}; /* CR_In_Georgian_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Tifinagh': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tifinagh[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2d30, 0x2d7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tifinagh */
+
+/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2d80, 0x2ddf,
+}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2de0, 0x2dff,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Punctuation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2e00, 0x2e7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2e80, 0x2eff,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Kangxi_Radicals': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2f00, 0x2fdf,
+}; /* CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals */
+
+/* 'In_Ideographic_Description_Characters': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2ff0, 0x2fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3000, 0x303f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'In_Hiragana': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hiragana[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3040, 0x309f,
+}; /* CR_In_Hiragana */
+
+/* 'In_Katakana': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Katakana[] = {
+	1,
+	0x30a0, 0x30ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Katakana */
+
+/* 'In_Bopomofo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bopomofo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3100, 0x312f,
+}; /* CR_In_Bopomofo */
+
+/* 'In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3130, 0x318f,
+}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo */
+
+/* 'In_Kanbun': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kanbun[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3190, 0x319f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kanbun */
+
+/* 'In_Bopomofo_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x31a0, 0x31bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Strokes': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Strokes[] = {
+	1,
+	0x31c0, 0x31ef,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Strokes */
+
+/* 'In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions[] = {
+	1,
+	0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions */
+
+/* 'In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3200, 0x32ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3300, 0x33ff,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x3400, 0x4dbf,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A */
+
+/* 'In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x4dc0, 0x4dff,
+}; /* CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x4e00, 0x9fff,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs */
+
+/* 'In_Yi_Syllables': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yi_Syllables[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa000, 0xa48f,
+}; /* CR_In_Yi_Syllables */
+
+/* 'In_Yi_Radicals': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yi_Radicals[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa490, 0xa4cf,
+}; /* CR_In_Yi_Radicals */
+
+/* 'In_Lisu': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lisu[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa4d0, 0xa4ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Lisu */
+
+/* 'In_Vai': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vai[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa500, 0xa63f,
+}; /* CR_In_Vai */
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa640, 0xa69f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_Bamum': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bamum[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa6a0, 0xa6ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Bamum */
+
+/* 'In_Modifier_Tone_Letters': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa700, 0xa71f,
+}; /* CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_D': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_D[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa720, 0xa7ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_D */
+
+/* 'In_Syloti_Nagri': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Syloti_Nagri[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa800, 0xa82f,
+}; /* CR_In_Syloti_Nagri */
+
+/* 'In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa830, 0xa83f,
+}; /* CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Phags_pa': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phags_pa[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa840, 0xa87f,
+}; /* CR_In_Phags_pa */
+
+/* 'In_Saurashtra': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Saurashtra[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa880, 0xa8df,
+}; /* CR_In_Saurashtra */
+
+/* 'In_Devanagari_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa8e0, 0xa8ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Devanagari_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Kayah_Li': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kayah_Li[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa900, 0xa92f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kayah_Li */
+
+/* 'In_Rejang': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Rejang[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa930, 0xa95f,
+}; /* CR_In_Rejang */
+
+/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa960, 0xa97f,
+}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Javanese': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Javanese[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa980, 0xa9df,
+}; /* CR_In_Javanese */
+
+/* 'In_Myanmar_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0xa9e0, 0xa9ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_Cham': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cham[] = {
+	1,
+	0xaa00, 0xaa5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cham */
+
+/* 'In_Myanmar_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0xaa60, 0xaa7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Tai_Viet': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Viet[] = {
+	1,
+	0xaa80, 0xaadf,
+}; /* CR_In_Tai_Viet */
+
+/* 'In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions[] = {
+	1,
+	0xaae0, 0xaaff,
+}; /* CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions */
+
+/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0xab00, 0xab2f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_E': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_E[] = {
+	1,
+	0xab30, 0xab6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_E */
+
+/* 'In_Cherokee_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0xab70, 0xabbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Meetei_Mayek': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meetei_Mayek[] = {
+	1,
+	0xabc0, 0xabff,
+}; /* CR_In_Meetei_Mayek */
+
+/* 'In_Hangul_Syllables': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Syllables[] = {
+	1,
+	0xac00, 0xd7af,
+}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Syllables */
+
+/* 'In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0xd7b0, 0xd7ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_High_Surrogates': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_High_Surrogates[] = {
+	1,
+	0xd800, 0xdb7f,
+}; /* CR_In_High_Surrogates */
+
+/* 'In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates[] = {
+	1,
+	0xdb80, 0xdbff,
+}; /* CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates */
+
+/* 'In_Low_Surrogates': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Low_Surrogates[] = {
+	1,
+	0xdc00, 0xdfff,
+}; /* CR_In_Low_Surrogates */
+
+/* 'In_Private_Use_Area': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Private_Use_Area[] = {
+	1,
+	0xe000, 0xf8ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Private_Use_Area */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs[] = {
+	1,
+	0xf900, 0xfaff,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs */
+
+/* 'In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfb00, 0xfb4f,
+}; /* CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfb50, 0xfdff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A */
+
+/* 'In_Variation_Selectors': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Variation_Selectors[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe00, 0xfe0f,
+}; /* CR_In_Variation_Selectors */
+
+/* 'In_Vertical_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vertical_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe10, 0xfe1f,
+}; /* CR_In_Vertical_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Combining_Half_Marks': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe20, 0xfe2f,
+}; /* CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe30, 0xfe4f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Small_Form_Variants': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Small_Form_Variants[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe50, 0xfe6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Small_Form_Variants */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfe70, 0xfeff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B */
+
+/* 'In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms[] = {
+	1,
+	0xff00, 0xffef,
+}; /* CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms */
+
+/* 'In_Specials': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Specials[] = {
+	1,
+	0xfff0, 0xffff,
+}; /* CR_In_Specials */
+
+/* 'In_Linear_B_Syllabary': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10000, 0x1007f,
+}; /* CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary */
+
+/* 'In_Linear_B_Ideograms': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10080, 0x100ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms */
+
+/* 'In_Aegean_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Aegean_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10100, 0x1013f,
+}; /* CR_In_Aegean_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10140, 0x1018f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Ancient_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10190, 0x101cf,
+}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Phaistos_Disc': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phaistos_Disc[] = {
+	1,
+	0x101d0, 0x101ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Phaistos_Disc */
+
+/* 'In_Lycian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lycian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10280, 0x1029f,
+}; /* CR_In_Lycian */
+
+/* 'In_Carian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Carian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x102a0, 0x102df,
+}; /* CR_In_Carian */
+
+/* 'In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x102e0, 0x102ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Italic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Italic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10300, 0x1032f,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Italic */
+
+/* 'In_Gothic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gothic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10330, 0x1034f,
+}; /* CR_In_Gothic */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Permic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Permic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10350, 0x1037f,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Permic */
+
+/* 'In_Ugaritic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ugaritic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10380, 0x1039f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ugaritic */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Persian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Persian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x103a0, 0x103df,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Persian */
+
+/* 'In_Deseret': Block */
+#define CR_In_Deseret CR_Deseret
+
+/* 'In_Shavian': Block */
+#define CR_In_Shavian CR_Shavian
+
+/* 'In_Osmanya': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Osmanya[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10480, 0x104af,
+}; /* CR_In_Osmanya */
+
+/* 'In_Osage': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Osage[] = {
+	1,
+	0x104b0, 0x104ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Osage */
+
+/* 'In_Elbasan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Elbasan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10500, 0x1052f,
+}; /* CR_In_Elbasan */
+
+/* 'In_Caucasian_Albanian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10530, 0x1056f,
+}; /* CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian */
+
+/* 'In_Vithkuqi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Vithkuqi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10570, 0x105bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Vithkuqi */
+
+/* 'In_Todhri': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Todhri[] = {
+	1,
+	0x105c0, 0x105ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Todhri */
+
+/* 'In_Linear_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Linear_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10600, 0x1077f,
+}; /* CR_In_Linear_A */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_F': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_F[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10780, 0x107bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_F */
+
+/* 'In_Cypriot_Syllabary': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10800, 0x1083f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary */
+
+/* 'In_Imperial_Aramaic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10840, 0x1085f,
+}; /* CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic */
+
+/* 'In_Palmyrene': Block */
+#define CR_In_Palmyrene CR_Palmyrene
+
+/* 'In_Nabataean': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nabataean[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10880, 0x108af,
+}; /* CR_In_Nabataean */
+
+/* 'In_Hatran': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hatran[] = {
+	1,
+	0x108e0, 0x108ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Hatran */
+
+/* 'In_Phoenician': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Phoenician[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10900, 0x1091f,
+}; /* CR_In_Phoenician */
+
+/* 'In_Lydian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lydian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10920, 0x1093f,
+}; /* CR_In_Lydian */
+
+/* 'In_Sidetic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sidetic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10940, 0x1095f,
+}; /* CR_In_Sidetic */
+
+/* 'In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs': Block */
+#define CR_In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs
+
+/* 'In_Meroitic_Cursive': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive[] = {
+	1,
+	0x109a0, 0x109ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive */
+
+/* 'In_Kharoshthi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kharoshthi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10a00, 0x10a5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kharoshthi */
+
+/* 'In_Old_South_Arabian': Block */
+#define CR_In_Old_South_Arabian CR_Old_South_Arabian
+
+/* 'In_Old_North_Arabian': Block */
+#define CR_In_Old_North_Arabian CR_Old_North_Arabian
+
+/* 'In_Manichaean': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Manichaean[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10ac0, 0x10aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Manichaean */
+
+/* 'In_Avestan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Avestan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10b00, 0x10b3f,
+}; /* CR_In_Avestan */
+
+/* 'In_Inscriptional_Parthian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10b40, 0x10b5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian */
+
+/* 'In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10b60, 0x10b7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi */
+
+/* 'In_Psalter_Pahlavi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10b80, 0x10baf,
+}; /* CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Turkic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Turkic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10c00, 0x10c4f,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Turkic */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Hungarian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Hungarian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10c80, 0x10cff,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Hungarian */
+
+/* 'In_Hanifi_Rohingya': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10d00, 0x10d3f,
+}; /* CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya */
+
+/* 'In_Garay': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Garay[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10d40, 0x10d8f,
+}; /* CR_In_Garay */
+
+/* 'In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10e60, 0x10e7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Yezidi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Yezidi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10e80, 0x10ebf,
+}; /* CR_In_Yezidi */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Extended_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10ec0, 0x10eff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Sogdian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Sogdian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f00, 0x10f2f,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Sogdian */
+
+/* 'In_Sogdian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sogdian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f30, 0x10f6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Sogdian */
+
+/* 'In_Old_Uyghur': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Old_Uyghur[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10f70, 0x10faf,
+}; /* CR_In_Old_Uyghur */
+
+/* 'In_Chorasmian': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chorasmian[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10fb0, 0x10fdf,
+}; /* CR_In_Chorasmian */
+
+/* 'In_Elymaic': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Elymaic[] = {
+	1,
+	0x10fe0, 0x10fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Elymaic */
+
+/* 'In_Brahmi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Brahmi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11000, 0x1107f,
+}; /* CR_In_Brahmi */
+
+/* 'In_Kaithi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kaithi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11080, 0x110cf,
+}; /* CR_In_Kaithi */
+
+/* 'In_Sora_Sompeng': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sora_Sompeng[] = {
+	1,
+	0x110d0, 0x110ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Sora_Sompeng */
+
+/* 'In_Chakma': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chakma[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11100, 0x1114f,
+}; /* CR_In_Chakma */
+
+/* 'In_Mahajani': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mahajani[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11150, 0x1117f,
+}; /* CR_In_Mahajani */
+
+/* 'In_Sharada': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sharada[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11180, 0x111df,
+}; /* CR_In_Sharada */
+
+/* 'In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x111e0, 0x111ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Khojki': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khojki[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11200, 0x1124f,
+}; /* CR_In_Khojki */
+
+/* 'In_Multani': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Multani[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11280, 0x112af,
+}; /* CR_In_Multani */
+
+/* 'In_Khudawadi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khudawadi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x112b0, 0x112ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Khudawadi */
+
+/* 'In_Grantha': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Grantha[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11300, 0x1137f,
+}; /* CR_In_Grantha */
+
+/* 'In_Tulu_Tigalari': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tulu_Tigalari[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11380, 0x113ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tulu_Tigalari */
+
+/* 'In_Newa': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Newa[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11400, 0x1147f,
+}; /* CR_In_Newa */
+
+/* 'In_Tirhuta': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tirhuta[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11480, 0x114df,
+}; /* CR_In_Tirhuta */
+
+/* 'In_Siddham': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Siddham[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11580, 0x115ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Siddham */
+
+/* 'In_Modi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Modi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11600, 0x1165f,
+}; /* CR_In_Modi */
+
+/* 'In_Mongolian_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11660, 0x1167f,
+}; /* CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Takri': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Takri[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11680, 0x116cf,
+}; /* CR_In_Takri */
+
+/* 'In_Myanmar_Extended_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x116d0, 0x116ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_C */
+
+/* 'In_Ahom': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ahom[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11700, 0x1174f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ahom */
+
+/* 'In_Dogra': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dogra[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11800, 0x1184f,
+}; /* CR_In_Dogra */
+
+/* 'In_Warang_Citi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Warang_Citi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x118a0, 0x118ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Warang_Citi */
+
+/* 'In_Dives_Akuru': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Dives_Akuru[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11900, 0x1195f,
+}; /* CR_In_Dives_Akuru */
+
+/* 'In_Nandinagari': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nandinagari[] = {
+	1,
+	0x119a0, 0x119ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Nandinagari */
+
+/* 'In_Zanabazar_Square': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Zanabazar_Square[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11a00, 0x11a4f,
+}; /* CR_In_Zanabazar_Square */
+
+/* 'In_Soyombo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Soyombo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11a50, 0x11aaf,
+}; /* CR_In_Soyombo */
+
+/* 'In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11ab0, 0x11abf,
+}; /* CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Pau_Cin_Hau': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11ac0, 0x11aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau */
+
+/* 'In_Devanagari_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11b00, 0x11b5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Sharada_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sharada_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11b60, 0x11b7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Sharada_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Sunuwar': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sunuwar[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11bc0, 0x11bff,
+}; /* CR_In_Sunuwar */
+
+/* 'In_Bhaiksuki': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bhaiksuki[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11c00, 0x11c6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Bhaiksuki */
+
+/* 'In_Marchen': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Marchen[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11c70, 0x11cbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Marchen */
+
+/* 'In_Masaram_Gondi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Masaram_Gondi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11d00, 0x11d5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Masaram_Gondi */
+
+/* 'In_Gunjala_Gondi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11d60, 0x11daf,
+}; /* CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi */
+
+/* 'In_Tolong_Siki': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tolong_Siki[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11db0, 0x11def,
+}; /* CR_In_Tolong_Siki */
+
+/* 'In_Makasar': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Makasar[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11ee0, 0x11eff,
+}; /* CR_In_Makasar */
+
+/* 'In_Kawi': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kawi[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11f00, 0x11f5f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kawi */
+
+/* 'In_Lisu_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Lisu_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11fb0, 0x11fbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Lisu_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Tamil_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tamil_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x11fc0, 0x11fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tamil_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Cuneiform': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cuneiform[] = {
+	1,
+	0x12000, 0x123ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Cuneiform */
+
+/* 'In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x12400, 0x1247f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform[] = {
+	1,
+	0x12480, 0x1254f,
+}; /* CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform */
+
+/* 'In_Cypro_Minoan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cypro_Minoan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x12f90, 0x12fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Cypro_Minoan */
+
+/* 'In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x13000, 0x1342f,
+}; /* CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs */
+
+/* 'In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls[] = {
+	1,
+	0x13430, 0x1345f,
+}; /* CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls */
+
+/* 'In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x13460, 0x143ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x14400, 0x1467f,
+}; /* CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs */
+
+/* 'In_Gurung_Khema': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Gurung_Khema[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16100, 0x1613f,
+}; /* CR_In_Gurung_Khema */
+
+/* 'In_Bamum_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bamum_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16800, 0x16a3f,
+}; /* CR_In_Bamum_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Mro': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mro[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16a40, 0x16a6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Mro */
+
+/* 'In_Tangsa': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangsa[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16a70, 0x16acf,
+}; /* CR_In_Tangsa */
+
+/* 'In_Bassa_Vah': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Bassa_Vah[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16ad0, 0x16aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Bassa_Vah */
+
+/* 'In_Pahawh_Hmong': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16b00, 0x16b8f,
+}; /* CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong */
+
+/* 'In_Kirat_Rai': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kirat_Rai[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16d40, 0x16d7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kirat_Rai */
+
+/* 'In_Medefaidrin': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Medefaidrin[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16e40, 0x16e9f,
+}; /* CR_In_Medefaidrin */
+
+/* 'In_Beria_Erfe': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Beria_Erfe[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16ea0, 0x16edf,
+}; /* CR_In_Beria_Erfe */
+
+/* 'In_Miao': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miao[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16f00, 0x16f9f,
+}; /* CR_In_Miao */
+
+/* 'In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x16fe0, 0x16fff,
+}; /* CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation */
+
+/* 'In_Tangut': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut[] = {
+	1,
+	0x17000, 0x187ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tangut */
+
+/* 'In_Tangut_Components': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut_Components[] = {
+	1,
+	0x18800, 0x18aff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tangut_Components */
+
+/* 'In_Khitan_Small_Script': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script[] = {
+	1,
+	0x18b00, 0x18cff,
+}; /* CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script */
+
+/* 'In_Tangut_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x18d00, 0x18d7f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tangut_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Tangut_Components_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tangut_Components_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x18d80, 0x18dff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tangut_Components_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Kana_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1aff0, 0x1afff,
+}; /* CR_In_Kana_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_Kana_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b000, 0x1b0ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Kana_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Kana_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kana_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b100, 0x1b12f,
+}; /* CR_In_Kana_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Small_Kana_Extension': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b130, 0x1b16f,
+}; /* CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension */
+
+/* 'In_Nushu': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nushu[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1b170, 0x1b2ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Nushu */
+
+/* 'In_Duployan': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Duployan[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1bc00, 0x1bc9f,
+}; /* CR_In_Duployan */
+
+/* 'In_Shorthand_Format_Controls': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1bca0, 0x1bcaf,
+}; /* CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls */
+
+/* 'In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1cc00, 0x1cebf,
+}; /* CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1cec0, 0x1ceff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1cf00, 0x1cfcf,
+}; /* CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation */
+
+/* 'In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d000, 0x1d0ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Musical_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Musical_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d100, 0x1d1ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Musical_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d200, 0x1d24f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation */
+
+/* 'In_Kaktovik_Numerals': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d2c0, 0x1d2df,
+}; /* CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals */
+
+/* 'In_Mayan_Numerals': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mayan_Numerals[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d2e0, 0x1d2ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Mayan_Numerals */
+
+/* 'In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d300, 0x1d35f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Counting_Rod_Numerals': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d360, 0x1d37f,
+}; /* CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals */
+
+/* 'In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d400, 0x1d7ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Sutton_SignWriting': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1d800, 0x1daaf,
+}; /* CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting */
+
+/* 'In_Latin_Extended_G': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Latin_Extended_G[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1df00, 0x1dfff,
+}; /* CR_In_Latin_Extended_G */
+
+/* 'In_Glagolitic_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e000, 0x1e02f,
+}; /* CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Cyrillic_Extended_D': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e030, 0x1e08f,
+}; /* CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D */
+
+/* 'In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e100, 0x1e14f,
+}; /* CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong */
+
+/* 'In_Toto': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Toto[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e290, 0x1e2bf,
+}; /* CR_In_Toto */
+
+/* 'In_Wancho': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Wancho[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e2c0, 0x1e2ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Wancho */
+
+/* 'In_Nag_Mundari': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Nag_Mundari[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e4d0, 0x1e4ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Nag_Mundari */
+
+/* 'In_Ol_Onal': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ol_Onal[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e5d0, 0x1e5ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Ol_Onal */
+
+/* 'In_Tai_Yo': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tai_Yo[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e6c0, 0x1e6ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Tai_Yo */
+
+/* 'In_Ethiopic_Extended_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e7e0, 0x1e7ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B */
+
+/* 'In_Mende_Kikakui': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mende_Kikakui[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e800, 0x1e8df,
+}; /* CR_In_Mende_Kikakui */
+
+/* 'In_Adlam': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Adlam[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1e900, 0x1e95f,
+}; /* CR_In_Adlam */
+
+/* 'In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1ec70, 0x1ecbf,
+}; /* CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1ed00, 0x1ed4f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers */
+
+/* 'In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1ee00, 0x1eeff,
+}; /* CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Mahjong_Tiles': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f000, 0x1f02f,
+}; /* CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles */
+
+/* 'In_Domino_Tiles': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Domino_Tiles[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f030, 0x1f09f,
+}; /* CR_In_Domino_Tiles */
+
+/* 'In_Playing_Cards': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Playing_Cards[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f0a0, 0x1f0ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Playing_Cards */
+
+/* 'In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f100, 0x1f1ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f200, 0x1f2ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f300, 0x1f5ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs */
+
+/* 'In_Emoticons': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Emoticons[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f600, 0x1f64f,
+}; /* CR_In_Emoticons */
+
+/* 'In_Ornamental_Dingbats': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f650, 0x1f67f,
+}; /* CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats */
+
+/* 'In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f680, 0x1f6ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Alchemical_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f700, 0x1f77f,
+}; /* CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f780, 0x1f7ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended */
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Arrows_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f800, 0x1f8ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C */
+
+/* 'In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1f900, 0x1f9ff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs */
+
+/* 'In_Chess_Symbols': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Chess_Symbols[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1fa00, 0x1fa6f,
+}; /* CR_In_Chess_Symbols */
+
+/* 'In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1fa70, 0x1faff,
+}; /* CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A */
+
+/* 'In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing[] = {
+	1,
+	0x1fb00, 0x1fbff,
+}; /* CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x20000, 0x2a6df,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2a700, 0x2b73f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2b740, 0x2b81f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2b820, 0x2ceaf,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2ceb0, 0x2ebef,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2ebf0, 0x2ee5f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0x2f800, 0x2fa1f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G[] = {
+	1,
+	0x30000, 0x3134f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H[] = {
+	1,
+	0x31350, 0x323af,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H */
+
+/* 'In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_J': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_J[] = {
+	1,
+	0x323b0, 0x3347f,
+}; /* CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_J */
+
+/* 'In_Tags': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Tags[] = {
+	1,
+	0xe0000, 0xe007f,
+}; /* CR_In_Tags */
+
+/* 'In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement[] = {
+	1,
+	0xe0100, 0xe01ef,
+}; /* CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement */
+
+/* 'In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A[] = {
+	1,
+	0xf0000, 0xfffff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A */
+
+/* 'In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B[] = {
+	1,
+	0x100000, 0x10ffff,
+}; /* CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B */
+
+/* 'In_No_Block': Block */
+static const OnigCodePoint CR_In_No_Block[] = {
+	51,
+	0x2fe0, 0x2fef,
+	0x10200, 0x1027f,
+	0x103e0, 0x103ff,
+	0x107c0, 0x107ff,
+	0x108b0, 0x108df,
+	0x10960, 0x1097f,
+	0x10aa0, 0x10abf,
+	0x10bb0, 0x10bff,
+	0x10c50, 0x10c7f,
+	0x10d90, 0x10e5f,
+	0x11250, 0x1127f,
+	0x114e0, 0x1157f,
+	0x11750, 0x117ff,
+	0x11850, 0x1189f,
+	0x11960, 0x1199f,
+	0x11b80, 0x11bbf,
+	0x11cc0, 0x11cff,
+	0x11df0, 0x11edf,
+	0x11f60, 0x11faf,
+	0x12550, 0x12f8f,
+	0x14680, 0x160ff,
+	0x16140, 0x167ff,
+	0x16b90, 0x16d3f,
+	0x16d80, 0x16e3f,
+	0x16ee0, 0x16eff,
+	0x16fa0, 0x16fdf,
+	0x18e00, 0x1afef,
+	0x1b300, 0x1bbff,
+	0x1bcb0, 0x1cbff,
+	0x1cfd0, 0x1cfff,
+	0x1d250, 0x1d2bf,
+	0x1d380, 0x1d3ff,
+	0x1dab0, 0x1deff,
+	0x1e090, 0x1e0ff,
+	0x1e150, 0x1e28f,
+	0x1e300, 0x1e4cf,
+	0x1e500, 0x1e5cf,
+	0x1e600, 0x1e6bf,
+	0x1e700, 0x1e7df,
+	0x1e8e0, 0x1e8ff,
+	0x1e960, 0x1ec6f,
+	0x1ecc0, 0x1ecff,
+	0x1ed50, 0x1edff,
+	0x1ef00, 0x1efff,
+	0x1fc00, 0x1ffff,
+	0x2a6e0, 0x2a6ff,
+	0x2ee60, 0x2f7ff,
+	0x2fa20, 0x2ffff,
+	0x33480, 0xdffff,
+	0xe0080, 0xe00ff,
+	0xe01f0, 0xeffff,
+}; /* CR_In_No_Block */
+
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+static const OnigCodePoint* const CodeRanges[] = {
+  CR_NEWLINE,
+  CR_Alpha,
+  CR_Blank,
+  CR_Cntrl,
+  CR_Digit,
+  CR_Graph,
+  CR_Lower,
+  CR_Print,
+  CR_XPosixPunct,
+  CR_Space,
+  CR_Upper,
+  CR_XDigit,
+  CR_Word,
+  CR_Alnum,
+  CR_ASCII,
+  CR_Punct,
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+  CR_Any,
+  CR_Assigned,
+  CR_C,
+  CR_Cc,
+  CR_Cf,
+  CR_Cn,
+  CR_Co,
+  CR_Cs,
+  CR_L,
+  CR_LC,
+  CR_Ll,
+  CR_Lm,
+  CR_Lo,
+  CR_Lt,
+  CR_Lu,
+  CR_M,
+  CR_Mc,
+  CR_Me,
+  CR_Mn,
+  CR_N,
+  CR_Nd,
+  CR_Nl,
+  CR_No,
+  CR_P,
+  CR_Pc,
+  CR_Pd,
+  CR_Pe,
+  CR_Pf,
+  CR_Pi,
+  CR_Po,
+  CR_Ps,
+  CR_S,
+  CR_Sc,
+  CR_Sk,
+  CR_Sm,
+  CR_So,
+  CR_Z,
+  CR_Zl,
+  CR_Zp,
+  CR_Zs,
+  CR_Math,
+  CR_Alphabetic,
+  CR_Lowercase,
+  CR_Uppercase,
+  CR_Cased,
+  CR_Case_Ignorable,
+  CR_Changes_When_Lowercased,
+  CR_Changes_When_Uppercased,
+  CR_Changes_When_Titlecased,
+  CR_Changes_When_Casefolded,
+  CR_Changes_When_Casemapped,
+  CR_ID_Start,
+  CR_ID_Continue,
+  CR_XID_Start,
+  CR_XID_Continue,
+  CR_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point,
+  CR_Grapheme_Extend,
+  CR_Grapheme_Base,
+  CR_Grapheme_Link,
+  CR_InCB_Linker,
+  CR_InCB_Consonant,
+  CR_InCB_Extend,
+  CR_Common,
+  CR_Latin,
+  CR_Greek,
+  CR_Cyrillic,
+  CR_Armenian,
+  CR_Hebrew,
+  CR_Arabic,
+  CR_Syriac,
+  CR_Thaana,
+  CR_Devanagari,
+  CR_Bengali,
+  CR_Gurmukhi,
+  CR_Gujarati,
+  CR_Oriya,
+  CR_Tamil,
+  CR_Telugu,
+  CR_Kannada,
+  CR_Malayalam,
+  CR_Sinhala,
+  CR_Thai,
+  CR_Lao,
+  CR_Tibetan,
+  CR_Myanmar,
+  CR_Georgian,
+  CR_Hangul,
+  CR_Ethiopic,
+  CR_Cherokee,
+  CR_Canadian_Aboriginal,
+  CR_Ogham,
+  CR_Runic,
+  CR_Khmer,
+  CR_Mongolian,
+  CR_Hiragana,
+  CR_Katakana,
+  CR_Bopomofo,
+  CR_Han,
+  CR_Yi,
+  CR_Old_Italic,
+  CR_Gothic,
+  CR_Deseret,
+  CR_Inherited,
+  CR_Tagalog,
+  CR_Hanunoo,
+  CR_Buhid,
+  CR_Tagbanwa,
+  CR_Limbu,
+  CR_Tai_Le,
+  CR_Linear_B,
+  CR_Ugaritic,
+  CR_Shavian,
+  CR_Osmanya,
+  CR_Cypriot,
+  CR_Braille,
+  CR_Buginese,
+  CR_Coptic,
+  CR_New_Tai_Lue,
+  CR_Glagolitic,
+  CR_Tifinagh,
+  CR_Syloti_Nagri,
+  CR_Old_Persian,
+  CR_Kharoshthi,
+  CR_Balinese,
+  CR_Cuneiform,
+  CR_Phoenician,
+  CR_Phags_Pa,
+  CR_Nko,
+  CR_Sundanese,
+  CR_Lepcha,
+  CR_Ol_Chiki,
+  CR_Vai,
+  CR_Saurashtra,
+  CR_Kayah_Li,
+  CR_Rejang,
+  CR_Lycian,
+  CR_Carian,
+  CR_Lydian,
+  CR_Cham,
+  CR_Tai_Tham,
+  CR_Tai_Viet,
+  CR_Avestan,
+  CR_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_Samaritan,
+  CR_Lisu,
+  CR_Bamum,
+  CR_Javanese,
+  CR_Meetei_Mayek,
+  CR_Imperial_Aramaic,
+  CR_Old_South_Arabian,
+  CR_Inscriptional_Parthian,
+  CR_Inscriptional_Pahlavi,
+  CR_Old_Turkic,
+  CR_Kaithi,
+  CR_Batak,
+  CR_Brahmi,
+  CR_Mandaic,
+  CR_Chakma,
+  CR_Meroitic_Cursive,
+  CR_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_Miao,
+  CR_Sharada,
+  CR_Sora_Sompeng,
+  CR_Takri,
+  CR_Caucasian_Albanian,
+  CR_Bassa_Vah,
+  CR_Duployan,
+  CR_Elbasan,
+  CR_Grantha,
+  CR_Pahawh_Hmong,
+  CR_Khojki,
+  CR_Linear_A,
+  CR_Mahajani,
+  CR_Manichaean,
+  CR_Mende_Kikakui,
+  CR_Modi,
+  CR_Mro,
+  CR_Old_North_Arabian,
+  CR_Nabataean,
+  CR_Palmyrene,
+  CR_Pau_Cin_Hau,
+  CR_Old_Permic,
+  CR_Psalter_Pahlavi,
+  CR_Siddham,
+  CR_Khudawadi,
+  CR_Tirhuta,
+  CR_Warang_Citi,
+  CR_Ahom,
+  CR_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_Hatran,
+  CR_Multani,
+  CR_Old_Hungarian,
+  CR_SignWriting,
+  CR_Adlam,
+  CR_Bhaiksuki,
+  CR_Marchen,
+  CR_Newa,
+  CR_Osage,
+  CR_Tangut,
+  CR_Masaram_Gondi,
+  CR_Nushu,
+  CR_Soyombo,
+  CR_Zanabazar_Square,
+  CR_Dogra,
+  CR_Gunjala_Gondi,
+  CR_Makasar,
+  CR_Medefaidrin,
+  CR_Hanifi_Rohingya,
+  CR_Sogdian,
+  CR_Old_Sogdian,
+  CR_Elymaic,
+  CR_Nandinagari,
+  CR_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong,
+  CR_Wancho,
+  CR_Chorasmian,
+  CR_Dives_Akuru,
+  CR_Khitan_Small_Script,
+  CR_Yezidi,
+  CR_Cypro_Minoan,
+  CR_Old_Uyghur,
+  CR_Tangsa,
+  CR_Toto,
+  CR_Vithkuqi,
+  CR_Kawi,
+  CR_Nag_Mundari,
+  CR_Garay,
+  CR_Gurung_Khema,
+  CR_Kirat_Rai,
+  CR_Ol_Onal,
+  CR_Sunuwar,
+  CR_Todhri,
+  CR_Tulu_Tigalari,
+  CR_Sidetic,
+  CR_Tai_Yo,
+  CR_Tolong_Siki,
+  CR_Beria_Erfe,
+  CR_White_Space,
+  CR_Bidi_Control,
+  CR_Join_Control,
+  CR_Dash,
+  CR_Hyphen,
+  CR_Quotation_Mark,
+  CR_Terminal_Punctuation,
+  CR_Other_Math,
+  CR_Hex_Digit,
+  CR_ASCII_Hex_Digit,
+  CR_Other_Alphabetic,
+  CR_Ideographic,
+  CR_Diacritic,
+  CR_Extender,
+  CR_Other_Lowercase,
+  CR_Other_Uppercase,
+  CR_Noncharacter_Code_Point,
+  CR_Other_Grapheme_Extend,
+  CR_IDS_Binary_Operator,
+  CR_IDS_Trinary_Operator,
+  CR_IDS_Unary_Operator,
+  CR_Radical,
+  CR_Unified_Ideograph,
+  CR_Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point,
+  CR_Deprecated,
+  CR_Soft_Dotted,
+  CR_Logical_Order_Exception,
+  CR_Other_ID_Start,
+  CR_Other_ID_Continue,
+  CR_ID_Compat_Math_Continue,
+  CR_ID_Compat_Math_Start,
+  CR_Sentence_Terminal,
+  CR_Variation_Selector,
+  CR_Pattern_White_Space,
+  CR_Pattern_Syntax,
+  CR_Prepended_Concatenation_Mark,
+  CR_Regional_Indicator,
+  CR_Modifier_Combining_Mark,
+  CR_Emoji,
+  CR_Emoji_Presentation,
+  CR_Emoji_Modifier,
+  CR_Emoji_Modifier_Base,
+  CR_Emoji_Component,
+  CR_Extended_Pictographic,
+  CR_Unknown,
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+  CR_Age_1_1,
+  CR_Age_2_0,
+  CR_Age_2_1,
+  CR_Age_3_0,
+  CR_Age_3_1,
+  CR_Age_3_2,
+  CR_Age_4_0,
+  CR_Age_4_1,
+  CR_Age_5_0,
+  CR_Age_5_1,
+  CR_Age_5_2,
+  CR_Age_6_0,
+  CR_Age_6_1,
+  CR_Age_6_2,
+  CR_Age_6_3,
+  CR_Age_7_0,
+  CR_Age_8_0,
+  CR_Age_9_0,
+  CR_Age_10_0,
+  CR_Age_11_0,
+  CR_Age_12_0,
+  CR_Age_12_1,
+  CR_Age_13_0,
+  CR_Age_14_0,
+  CR_Age_15_0,
+  CR_Age_15_1,
+  CR_Age_16_0,
+  CR_Age_17_0,
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Prepend,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_CR,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LF,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Control,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Extend,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_Regional_Indicator,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_SpacingMark,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_L,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_V,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_T,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LV,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_LVT,
+  CR_Grapheme_Cluster_Break_ZWJ,
+  CR_In_Basic_Latin,
+  CR_In_Latin_1_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_IPA_Extensions,
+  CR_In_Spacing_Modifier_Letters,
+  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks,
+  CR_In_Greek_and_Coptic,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Armenian,
+  CR_In_Hebrew,
+  CR_In_Arabic,
+  CR_In_Syriac,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Thaana,
+  CR_In_NKo,
+  CR_In_Samaritan,
+  CR_In_Mandaic,
+  CR_In_Syriac_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Devanagari,
+  CR_In_Bengali,
+  CR_In_Gurmukhi,
+  CR_In_Gujarati,
+  CR_In_Oriya,
+  CR_In_Tamil,
+  CR_In_Telugu,
+  CR_In_Kannada,
+  CR_In_Malayalam,
+  CR_In_Sinhala,
+  CR_In_Thai,
+  CR_In_Lao,
+  CR_In_Tibetan,
+  CR_In_Myanmar,
+  CR_In_Georgian,
+  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo,
+  CR_In_Ethiopic,
+  CR_In_Ethiopic_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Cherokee,
+  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics,
+  CR_In_Ogham,
+  CR_In_Runic,
+  CR_In_Tagalog,
+  CR_In_Hanunoo,
+  CR_In_Buhid,
+  CR_In_Tagbanwa,
+  CR_In_Khmer,
+  CR_In_Mongolian,
+  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended,
+  CR_In_Limbu,
+  CR_In_Tai_Le,
+  CR_In_New_Tai_Lue,
+  CR_In_Khmer_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Buginese,
+  CR_In_Tai_Tham,
+  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Extended,
+  CR_In_Balinese,
+  CR_In_Sundanese,
+  CR_In_Batak,
+  CR_In_Lepcha,
+  CR_In_Ol_Chiki,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_C,
+  CR_In_Georgian_Extended,
+  CR_In_Sundanese_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Vedic_Extensions,
+  CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions,
+  CR_In_Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_Additional,
+  CR_In_Greek_Extended,
+  CR_In_General_Punctuation,
+  CR_In_Superscripts_and_Subscripts,
+  CR_In_Currency_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Letterlike_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Number_Forms,
+  CR_In_Arrows,
+  CR_In_Mathematical_Operators,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Technical,
+  CR_In_Control_Pictures,
+  CR_In_Optical_Character_Recognition,
+  CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumerics,
+  CR_In_Box_Drawing,
+  CR_In_Block_Elements,
+  CR_In_Geometric_Shapes,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Dingbats,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_A,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_A,
+  CR_In_Braille_Patterns,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_B,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols_B,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows,
+  CR_In_Glagolitic,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_C,
+  CR_In_Coptic,
+  CR_In_Georgian_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Tifinagh,
+  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Punctuation,
+  CR_In_CJK_Radicals_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Kangxi_Radicals,
+  CR_In_Ideographic_Description_Characters,
+  CR_In_CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation,
+  CR_In_Hiragana,
+  CR_In_Katakana,
+  CR_In_Bopomofo,
+  CR_In_Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo,
+  CR_In_Kanbun,
+  CR_In_Bopomofo_Extended,
+  CR_In_CJK_Strokes,
+  CR_In_Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions,
+  CR_In_Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months,
+  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_A,
+  CR_In_Yijing_Hexagram_Symbols,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs,
+  CR_In_Yi_Syllables,
+  CR_In_Yi_Radicals,
+  CR_In_Lisu,
+  CR_In_Vai,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_Bamum,
+  CR_In_Modifier_Tone_Letters,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_D,
+  CR_In_Syloti_Nagri,
+  CR_In_Common_Indic_Number_Forms,
+  CR_In_Phags_pa,
+  CR_In_Saurashtra,
+  CR_In_Devanagari_Extended,
+  CR_In_Kayah_Li,
+  CR_In_Rejang,
+  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Javanese,
+  CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_Cham,
+  CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Tai_Viet,
+  CR_In_Meetei_Mayek_Extensions,
+  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_E,
+  CR_In_Cherokee_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Meetei_Mayek,
+  CR_In_Hangul_Syllables,
+  CR_In_Hangul_Jamo_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_High_Surrogates,
+  CR_In_High_Private_Use_Surrogates,
+  CR_In_Low_Surrogates,
+  CR_In_Private_Use_Area,
+  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs,
+  CR_In_Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_A,
+  CR_In_Variation_Selectors,
+  CR_In_Vertical_Forms,
+  CR_In_Combining_Half_Marks,
+  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Forms,
+  CR_In_Small_Form_Variants,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Presentation_Forms_B,
+  CR_In_Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms,
+  CR_In_Specials,
+  CR_In_Linear_B_Syllabary,
+  CR_In_Linear_B_Ideograms,
+  CR_In_Aegean_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Ancient_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Phaistos_Disc,
+  CR_In_Lycian,
+  CR_In_Carian,
+  CR_In_Coptic_Epact_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Old_Italic,
+  CR_In_Gothic,
+  CR_In_Old_Permic,
+  CR_In_Ugaritic,
+  CR_In_Old_Persian,
+  CR_In_Deseret,
+  CR_In_Shavian,
+  CR_In_Osmanya,
+  CR_In_Osage,
+  CR_In_Elbasan,
+  CR_In_Caucasian_Albanian,
+  CR_In_Vithkuqi,
+  CR_In_Todhri,
+  CR_In_Linear_A,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_F,
+  CR_In_Cypriot_Syllabary,
+  CR_In_Imperial_Aramaic,
+  CR_In_Palmyrene,
+  CR_In_Nabataean,
+  CR_In_Hatran,
+  CR_In_Phoenician,
+  CR_In_Lydian,
+  CR_In_Sidetic,
+  CR_In_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_In_Meroitic_Cursive,
+  CR_In_Kharoshthi,
+  CR_In_Old_South_Arabian,
+  CR_In_Old_North_Arabian,
+  CR_In_Manichaean,
+  CR_In_Avestan,
+  CR_In_Inscriptional_Parthian,
+  CR_In_Inscriptional_Pahlavi,
+  CR_In_Psalter_Pahlavi,
+  CR_In_Old_Turkic,
+  CR_In_Old_Hungarian,
+  CR_In_Hanifi_Rohingya,
+  CR_In_Garay,
+  CR_In_Rumi_Numeral_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Yezidi,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Extended_C,
+  CR_In_Old_Sogdian,
+  CR_In_Sogdian,
+  CR_In_Old_Uyghur,
+  CR_In_Chorasmian,
+  CR_In_Elymaic,
+  CR_In_Brahmi,
+  CR_In_Kaithi,
+  CR_In_Sora_Sompeng,
+  CR_In_Chakma,
+  CR_In_Mahajani,
+  CR_In_Sharada,
+  CR_In_Sinhala_Archaic_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Khojki,
+  CR_In_Multani,
+  CR_In_Khudawadi,
+  CR_In_Grantha,
+  CR_In_Tulu_Tigalari,
+  CR_In_Newa,
+  CR_In_Tirhuta,
+  CR_In_Siddham,
+  CR_In_Modi,
+  CR_In_Mongolian_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Takri,
+  CR_In_Myanmar_Extended_C,
+  CR_In_Ahom,
+  CR_In_Dogra,
+  CR_In_Warang_Citi,
+  CR_In_Dives_Akuru,
+  CR_In_Nandinagari,
+  CR_In_Zanabazar_Square,
+  CR_In_Soyombo,
+  CR_In_Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Pau_Cin_Hau,
+  CR_In_Devanagari_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Sharada_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Sunuwar,
+  CR_In_Bhaiksuki,
+  CR_In_Marchen,
+  CR_In_Masaram_Gondi,
+  CR_In_Gunjala_Gondi,
+  CR_In_Tolong_Siki,
+  CR_In_Makasar,
+  CR_In_Kawi,
+  CR_In_Lisu_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Tamil_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Cuneiform,
+  CR_In_Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation,
+  CR_In_Early_Dynastic_Cuneiform,
+  CR_In_Cypro_Minoan,
+  CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyph_Format_Controls,
+  CR_In_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Anatolian_Hieroglyphs,
+  CR_In_Gurung_Khema,
+  CR_In_Bamum_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Mro,
+  CR_In_Tangsa,
+  CR_In_Bassa_Vah,
+  CR_In_Pahawh_Hmong,
+  CR_In_Kirat_Rai,
+  CR_In_Medefaidrin,
+  CR_In_Beria_Erfe,
+  CR_In_Miao,
+  CR_In_Ideographic_Symbols_and_Punctuation,
+  CR_In_Tangut,
+  CR_In_Tangut_Components,
+  CR_In_Khitan_Small_Script,
+  CR_In_Tangut_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Tangut_Components_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Kana_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_Kana_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Kana_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Small_Kana_Extension,
+  CR_In_Nushu,
+  CR_In_Duployan,
+  CR_In_Shorthand_Format_Controls,
+  CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Znamenny_Musical_Notation,
+  CR_In_Byzantine_Musical_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Musical_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Ancient_Greek_Musical_Notation,
+  CR_In_Kaktovik_Numerals,
+  CR_In_Mayan_Numerals,
+  CR_In_Tai_Xuan_Jing_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Counting_Rod_Numerals,
+  CR_In_Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Sutton_SignWriting,
+  CR_In_Latin_Extended_G,
+  CR_In_Glagolitic_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Cyrillic_Extended_D,
+  CR_In_Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong,
+  CR_In_Toto,
+  CR_In_Wancho,
+  CR_In_Nag_Mundari,
+  CR_In_Ol_Onal,
+  CR_In_Tai_Yo,
+  CR_In_Ethiopic_Extended_B,
+  CR_In_Mende_Kikakui,
+  CR_In_Adlam,
+  CR_In_Indic_Siyaq_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Ottoman_Siyaq_Numbers,
+  CR_In_Arabic_Mathematical_Alphabetic_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Mahjong_Tiles,
+  CR_In_Domino_Tiles,
+  CR_In_Playing_Cards,
+  CR_In_Enclosed_Alphanumeric_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Pictographs,
+  CR_In_Emoticons,
+  CR_In_Ornamental_Dingbats,
+  CR_In_Transport_and_Map_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Alchemical_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Geometric_Shapes_Extended,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Arrows_C,
+  CR_In_Supplemental_Symbols_and_Pictographs,
+  CR_In_Chess_Symbols,
+  CR_In_Symbols_and_Pictographs_Extended_A,
+  CR_In_Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I,
+  CR_In_CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs_Supplement,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H,
+  CR_In_CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_J,
+  CR_In_Tags,
+  CR_In_Variation_Selectors_Supplement,
+  CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_A,
+  CR_In_Supplementary_Private_Use_Area_B,
+  CR_In_No_Block,
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+};
+struct uniname2ctype_struct {
+  short name;
+  unsigned short ctype;
+};
+#define uniname2ctype_offset(str) offsetof(struct uniname2ctype_pool_t, uniname2ctype_pool_##str)
+
+static const struct uniname2ctype_struct *uniname2ctype_p(register const char *str, register size_t len);
+
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 15
+#define MIN_WORD_LENGTH 4
+#define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 11
+#define MIN_HASH_VALUE 6
+#define MAX_HASH_VALUE 20
+/* maximum key range = 15, duplicates = 0 */
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 916
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+#define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 944
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+#define MIN_WORD_LENGTH 1
+#define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 45
+#define MIN_HASH_VALUE 10
+#define MAX_HASH_VALUE 6068
+/* maximum key range = 6059, duplicates = 0 */
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
+#endif
+static unsigned int
+uniname2ctype_hash (register const char *str, register size_t len)
+{
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+  static const unsigned char asso_values[] =
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+  static const unsigned short asso_values[] =
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    {
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
+      21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,  3, 12,  5,
+       4, 21, 21, 10, 21,  1, 21, 21, 11, 21,
+       2,  1,  1, 21,  1,  7,  4,  6, 21,  1,
+       4, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,    8, 6069,    2,    1,
+         4,   31,   11,   20,   27,   15,   23,   17, 6069, 6069,
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      6069,    1, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,
+      6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069,   22,   28,  165,
+       250,  131, 1160, 1288,  949,    4,   12, 1918,  452,    7,
+         8,    1,  756, 2041,  623,   20,   68, 1025, 1509,  246,
+      1475,  944,  814,    2, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069, 6069
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    };
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+  return len + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[2]] + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[0]];
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+  register unsigned int hval = (unsigned int)len;
+
+  switch (hval)
+    {
+      default:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[15]];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 15:
+      case 14:
+      case 13:
+      case 12:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[11]];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 11:
+      case 10:
+      case 9:
+      case 8:
+      case 7:
+      case 6:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[5]];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 5:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[4]];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 4:
+      case 3:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[2]];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 2:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[1]+1];
+      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+      case 1:
+        hval += asso_values[(unsigned char)str[0]+1];
+        break;
+    }
+  return hval + asso_values[(unsigned char)str[len - 1]];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+}
+
+struct uniname2ctype_pool_t
+  {
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str6[sizeof("word")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str7[sizeof("print")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str8[sizeof("punct")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str9[sizeof("alpha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str10[sizeof("alnum")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str11[sizeof("xdigit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str12[sizeof("upper")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str13[sizeof("ascii")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str14[sizeof("cntrl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str15[sizeof("space")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str16[sizeof("xposixpunct")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str17[sizeof("lower")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str18[sizeof("graph")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str19[sizeof("digit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str20[sizeof("blank")];
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str10[sizeof("n")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str16[sizeof("m")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str19[sizeof("mn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str24[sizeof("lm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str27[sizeof("inmro")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str28[sizeof("innko")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str33[sizeof("mro")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str34[sizeof("mroo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str38[sizeof("ri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str40[sizeof("lao")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str41[sizeof("laoo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str44[sizeof("ahom")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str45[sizeof("hano")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str47[sizeof("miao")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str48[sizeof("hani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str50[sizeof("inmiao")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str51[sizeof("han")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str52[sizeof("mani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str53[sizeof("lina")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str56[sizeof("inahom")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str57[sizeof("hanunoo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str58[sizeof("limb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str59[sizeof("linb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str60[sizeof("inmanichaean")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str62[sizeof("alnum")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str63[sizeof("armi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str64[sizeof("nandinagari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str67[sizeof("armn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str69[sizeof("lana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str70[sizeof("zanb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str74[sizeof("inosmanya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str81[sizeof("insamaritan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str82[sizeof("inbhaiksuki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str83[sizeof("armenian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str85[sizeof("sm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str88[sizeof("inmasaramgondi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str89[sizeof("s")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str90[sizeof("innabataean")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str92[sizeof("zs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str93[sizeof("inbasiclatin")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str96[sizeof("innumberforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str102[sizeof("arab")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str107[sizeof("inmusicalsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str115[sizeof("latn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str117[sizeof("inthai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str124[sizeof("latin")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str135[sizeof("shavian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str141[sizeof("initialpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str144[sizeof("hatran")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str149[sizeof("di")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str155[sizeof("inthaana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str157[sizeof("intoto")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str164[sizeof("nabataean")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str169[sizeof("intaitham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str175[sizeof("inarabicpresentationformsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str180[sizeof("inbraillepatterns")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str181[sizeof("inarabicpresentationformsb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str186[sizeof("ids")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str190[sizeof("dia")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str191[sizeof("inarmenian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str195[sizeof("idsb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str199[sizeof("intransportandmapsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str202[sizeof("inideographicsymbolsandpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str203[sizeof("inavestan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str209[sizeof("inipaextensions")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str211[sizeof("inelbasan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str213[sizeof("inopticalcharacterrecognition")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str215[sizeof("brai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str219[sizeof("bamum")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str220[sizeof("incham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str227[sizeof("inideographicdescriptioncharacters")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str228[sizeof("brahmi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str235[sizeof("idst")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str237[sizeof("bass")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str242[sizeof("mandaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str244[sizeof("inemoticons")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str247[sizeof("incommonindicnumberforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str257[sizeof("intibetan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str258[sizeof("inarabic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str260[sizeof("nbat")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str261[sizeof("cn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str267[sizeof("inancientsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str268[sizeof("ci")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str274[sizeof("ascii")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str275[sizeof("mcm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str279[sizeof("ideo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str284[sizeof("inmodi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str285[sizeof("vai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str286[sizeof("vaii")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str287[sizeof("cham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str289[sizeof("inmyanmarextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str291[sizeof("nand")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str295[sizeof("inmyanmarextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str298[sizeof("mand")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str310[sizeof("cans")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str312[sizeof("inoldsogdian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str315[sizeof("chorasmian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str317[sizeof("innewa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str333[sizeof("chakma")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str335[sizeof("incuneiform")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str336[sizeof("vs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str340[sizeof("cs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str342[sizeof("sind")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str344[sizeof("shaw")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str359[sizeof("inspecials")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str364[sizeof("inchesssymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str366[sizeof("avst")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str373[sizeof("inblockelements")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str384[sizeof("nd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str395[sizeof("sharada")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str398[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str400[sizeof("inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str402[sizeof("sidt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str406[sizeof("inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str407[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbolsandarrows")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str410[sizeof("arabic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str412[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbolsandpictographs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str416[sizeof("c")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str424[sizeof("lc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str425[sizeof("mc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str426[sizeof("inmedefaidrin")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str432[sizeof("inmyanmarextendedc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str433[sizeof("insundanese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str438[sizeof("indominotiles")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str440[sizeof("insymbolsandpictographsextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str441[sizeof("inwancho")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str444[sizeof("inolditalic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str447[sizeof("inmodifiertoneletters")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str448[sizeof("incb=consonant")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str451[sizeof("sd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str452[sizeof("inmandaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str456[sizeof("inmiscellaneoussymbolssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str458[sizeof("nko")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str459[sizeof("nkoo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str460[sizeof("l")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str461[sizeof("inmeeteimayekextensions")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str462[sizeof("nl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str463[sizeof("zl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str468[sizeof("ll")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str472[sizeof("inlao")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str473[sizeof("khoj")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str476[sizeof("idc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str477[sizeof("innewtailue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str483[sizeof("inolonal")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str485[sizeof("sc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str491[sizeof("indeseret")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str496[sizeof("incuneiformnumbersandpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str502[sizeof("krai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str505[sizeof("inarabicextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str508[sizeof("inoldturkic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str510[sizeof("avestan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str511[sizeof("inarabicextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str512[sizeof("inmalayalam")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str513[sizeof("kharoshthi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str514[sizeof("kana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str523[sizeof("inadlam")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str525[sizeof("idcontinue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str549[sizeof("insiddham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str551[sizeof("intamil")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str553[sizeof("inmultani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str554[sizeof("intolongsiki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str556[sizeof("kits")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str571[sizeof("incb=extend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str574[sizeof("sidetic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str584[sizeof("sidd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str587[sizeof("incontrolpictures")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str588[sizeof("insidetic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str591[sizeof("sinhala")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str605[sizeof("inlatinextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str617[sizeof("inlatinextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str622[sizeof("adlm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str630[sizeof("adlam")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str635[sizeof("inlineara")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str637[sizeof("intamilsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str638[sizeof("inbalinese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str645[sizeof("inspacingmodifierletters")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str648[sizeof("inarabicextendedc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str650[sizeof("inlycian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str653[sizeof("bali")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str665[sizeof("hira")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str667[sizeof("cc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str674[sizeof("insmallkanaextension")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str675[sizeof("intaile")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str681[sizeof("qaai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str682[sizeof("inmyanmar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str684[sizeof("narb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str687[sizeof("inarrows")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str701[sizeof("lineara")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str707[sizeof("linearb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str709[sizeof("insharada")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str716[sizeof("inruminumeralsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str721[sizeof("masaramgondi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str727[sizeof("hatr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str729[sizeof("knda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str730[sizeof("samr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str734[sizeof("kawi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str735[sizeof("inlydian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str747[sizeof("samaritan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str751[sizeof("sarb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str760[sizeof("no")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str762[sizeof("bidic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str766[sizeof("lo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str780[sizeof("hmnp")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str784[sizeof("onao")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str788[sizeof("inlowsurrogates")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str789[sizeof("kannada")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str795[sizeof("inlinearbideograms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str799[sizeof("inletterlikesymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str803[sizeof("cased")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str809[sizeof("inbopomofo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str810[sizeof("inberiaerfe")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str815[sizeof("lineseparator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str817[sizeof("z")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str818[sizeof("insymbolsforlegacycomputingsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str820[sizeof("inrunic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str821[sizeof("incarian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str823[sizeof("inlatinextendede")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str825[sizeof("inmarchen")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str827[sizeof("so")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str828[sizeof("marc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str829[sizeof("oriya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str830[sizeof("inchorasmian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str832[sizeof("yi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str833[sizeof("insyriac")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str838[sizeof("yiii")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str840[sizeof("alpha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str842[sizeof("qaac")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str852[sizeof("insundanesesupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str857[sizeof("osma")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str880[sizeof("inmiscellaneoustechnical")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str883[sizeof("idstart")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str890[sizeof("inenclosedcjklettersandmonths")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str891[sizeof("inlatinextendedc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str894[sizeof("dsrt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str898[sizeof("odi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str901[sizeof("chrs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str909[sizeof("cari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str919[sizeof("innandinagari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str923[sizeof("balinese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str924[sizeof("inwarangciti")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str929[sizeof("inphoenician")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str940[sizeof("kali")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str942[sizeof("inoldnortharabian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str944[sizeof("radical")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str945[sizeof("carian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str947[sizeof("idsbinaryoperator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str949[sizeof("shrd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str954[sizeof("inoldsoutharabian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str966[sizeof("diacritic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str970[sizeof("mlym")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str975[sizeof("zinh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str978[sizeof("inphaistosdisc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str980[sizeof("incyrillic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str985[sizeof("ininscriptionalpahlavi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str988[sizeof("insoyombo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str990[sizeof("ininscriptionalparthian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str991[sizeof("inoriya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str994[sizeof("lyci")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str999[sizeof("inogham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1001[sizeof("mahj")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1003[sizeof("gran")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1005[sizeof("inmahajani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1009[sizeof("co")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1012[sizeof("cher")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1016[sizeof("alphabetic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1021[sizeof("insinhala")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1022[sizeof("modi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1024[sizeof("inbrahmi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1028[sizeof("loe")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1030[sizeof("lycian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1031[sizeof("mahajani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1036[sizeof("common")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1037[sizeof("intaiyo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1038[sizeof("inhanifirohingya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1040[sizeof("inbassavah")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1041[sizeof("sinh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1042[sizeof("oids")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1044[sizeof("inlatinextendedadditional")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1045[sizeof("inyijinghexagramsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1048[sizeof("inoldpersian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1056[sizeof("bidicontrol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1057[sizeof("math")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1058[sizeof("inarabicsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1059[sizeof("thai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1061[sizeof("inlatinextendedd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1064[sizeof("taiyo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1068[sizeof("lisu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1072[sizeof("tnsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1073[sizeof("incherokee")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1077[sizeof("thaa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1079[sizeof("lydi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1087[sizeof("inbamum")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1090[sizeof("khmr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1094[sizeof("inbyzantinemusicalsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1102[sizeof("lt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1105[sizeof("khar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1109[sizeof("thaana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1113[sizeof("osage")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1115[sizeof("lydian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1117[sizeof("inanatolianhieroglyphs")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1120[sizeof("age=11.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1121[sizeof("age=10.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1122[sizeof("age=12.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1123[sizeof("age=12.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1125[sizeof("age=1.1")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1126[sizeof("insylotinagri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1127[sizeof("anatolianhieroglyphs")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1128[sizeof("age=2.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1129[sizeof("age=2.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1130[sizeof("age=14.0")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1131[sizeof("tangsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1132[sizeof("dash")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1133[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarks")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1134[sizeof("age=17.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1135[sizeof("age=4.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1136[sizeof("age=4.0")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1137[sizeof("tibt")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1138[sizeof("age=15.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1139[sizeof("age=15.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1140[sizeof("age=7.0")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1141[sizeof("inolchiki")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1142[sizeof("age=9.0")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1143[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarksforsymbols")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1144[sizeof("age=5.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1145[sizeof("age=5.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1146[sizeof("age=16.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1147[sizeof("age=5.2")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1148[sizeof("age=8.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1150[sizeof("age=13.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1151[sizeof("age=6.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1152[sizeof("age=6.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1154[sizeof("age=6.2")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1155[sizeof("age=3.1")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1156[sizeof("age=3.0")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1158[sizeof("age=3.2")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1159[sizeof("inarabicmathematicalalphabeticsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1160[sizeof("brah")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1170[sizeof("tibetan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1172[sizeof("mtei")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1175[sizeof("incoptic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1176[sizeof("manichaean")];
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1181[sizeof("age=6.3")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1182[sizeof("emoji")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1187[sizeof("oidc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1191[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarkssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1192[sizeof("idsu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1195[sizeof("saurashtra")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1196[sizeof("inoldpermic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1199[sizeof("closepunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1209[sizeof("incombininghalfmarks")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1214[sizeof("incopticepactnumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1221[sizeof("elba")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1225[sizeof("xdigit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1228[sizeof("cntrl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1229[sizeof("bamu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1230[sizeof("xids")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1239[sizeof("inoldhungarian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1241[sizeof("grext")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1242[sizeof("mongolian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1243[sizeof("sterm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1249[sizeof("braille")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1251[sizeof("inbuhid")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1252[sizeof("elbasan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1259[sizeof("zanabazarsquare")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1260[sizeof("incountingrodnumerals")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1264[sizeof("inenclosedalphanumerics")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1265[sizeof("incb=linker")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1267[sizeof("taiviet")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1269[sizeof("inelymaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1272[sizeof("inethiopic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1275[sizeof("sgnw")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1277[sizeof("olditalic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1279[sizeof("vith")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1285[sizeof("grbase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1286[sizeof("hluw")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1292[sizeof("intodhri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1299[sizeof("asciihexdigit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1301[sizeof("me")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1312[sizeof("hmng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1315[sizeof("siddham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1321[sizeof("inenclosedalphanumericsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1324[sizeof("taile")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1328[sizeof("nagm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1332[sizeof("hang")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1334[sizeof("inscriptionalparthian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1335[sizeof("inmongolian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1336[sizeof("innagmundari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1339[sizeof("sylo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1347[sizeof("ingunjalagondi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1349[sizeof("ingujarati")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1350[sizeof("inbengali")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1351[sizeof("khitansmallscript")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1357[sizeof("xidcontinue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1362[sizeof("ingrantha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1363[sizeof("insinhalaarchaicnumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1368[sizeof("connectorpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1370[sizeof("inpalmyrene")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1371[sizeof("incombiningdiacriticalmarksextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1372[sizeof("xidstart")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1375[sizeof("xidc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1397[sizeof("inancientgreekmusicalnotation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1401[sizeof("inancientgreeknumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1407[sizeof("intangsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1415[sizeof("intags")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1416[sizeof("inlepcha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1420[sizeof("caucasianalbanian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1421[sizeof("sylotinagri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1423[sizeof("emod")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1425[sizeof("incaucasianalbanian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1429[sizeof("intagbanwa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1430[sizeof("mend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1433[sizeof("newa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1435[sizeof("inearlydynasticcuneiform")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1447[sizeof("kaithi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1453[sizeof("intangut")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1456[sizeof("mymr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1462[sizeof("inosage")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1467[sizeof("inmahjongtiles")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1470[sizeof("malayalam")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1473[sizeof("sora")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1474[sizeof("inbuginese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1479[sizeof("emojimodifierbase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1489[sizeof("induployan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1497[sizeof("ingeometricshapes")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1498[sizeof("ingeneralpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1503[sizeof("myanmar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1510[sizeof("inlatin1supplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1515[sizeof("ital")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1516[sizeof("taml")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1517[sizeof("inaegeannumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1528[sizeof("insharadasupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1530[sizeof("mathsymbol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1532[sizeof("inlimbu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1535[sizeof("invai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1551[sizeof("emojicomponent")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1552[sizeof("insuttonsignwriting")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1572[sizeof("digit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1573[sizeof("newtailue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1581[sizeof("inshavian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1588[sizeof("insogdian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1589[sizeof("indingbats")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1590[sizeof("imperialaramaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1598[sizeof("intulutigalari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1600[sizeof("incyprominoan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1606[sizeof("glagolitic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1614[sizeof("ebase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1615[sizeof("intaixuanjingsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1618[sizeof("inbamumsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1626[sizeof("gara")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1633[sizeof("insyriacsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1634[sizeof("casedletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1636[sizeof("zzzz")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1639[sizeof("inhiragana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1640[sizeof("tale")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1641[sizeof("canadianaboriginal")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1642[sizeof("ahex")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1644[sizeof("inmayannumerals")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1648[sizeof("inzanabazarsquare")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1654[sizeof("inyiradicals")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1655[sizeof("inscriptionalpahlavi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1668[sizeof("inalchemicalsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1669[sizeof("inhatran")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1670[sizeof("assigned")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1671[sizeof("intaiviet")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1674[sizeof("syrc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1682[sizeof("bopo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1684[sizeof("intirhuta")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1688[sizeof("oldnortharabian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1690[sizeof("insupplementalmathematicaloperators")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1694[sizeof("bopomofo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1696[sizeof("olonal")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1697[sizeof("injavanese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1698[sizeof("insunuwar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1707[sizeof("inmathematicalalphanumericsymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1713[sizeof("inimperialaramaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1714[sizeof("khmer")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1724[sizeof("gonm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1727[sizeof("hyphen")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1731[sizeof("insuperscriptsandsubscripts")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1733[sizeof("inenclosedideographicsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1735[sizeof("ingeometricshapesextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1737[sizeof("insaurashtra")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1738[sizeof("ogam")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1746[sizeof("orya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1748[sizeof("saur")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1754[sizeof("marchen")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1755[sizeof("sundanese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1762[sizeof("khudawadi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1773[sizeof("soyo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1775[sizeof("whitespace")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1778[sizeof("uideo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1785[sizeof("oldpersian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1787[sizeof("inyezidi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1790[sizeof("kiratrai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1793[sizeof("inlisusupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1796[sizeof("mero")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1800[sizeof("symbol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1811[sizeof("soyombo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1812[sizeof("osmanya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1814[sizeof("indevanagari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1816[sizeof("unassigned")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1818[sizeof("bengali")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1819[sizeof("hebr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1821[sizeof("hebrew")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1824[sizeof("inornamentaldingbats")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1829[sizeof("invedicextensions")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1834[sizeof("copt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1836[sizeof("ingreekextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1839[sizeof("sund")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1847[sizeof("cyprominoan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1848[sizeof("inherited")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1854[sizeof("toto")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1858[sizeof("inugaritic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1863[sizeof("syriac")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1864[sizeof("cwt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1867[sizeof("inhebrew")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1872[sizeof("runic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1877[sizeof("inmongoliansupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1884[sizeof("inshorthandformatcontrols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1900[sizeof("cypriot")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1901[sizeof("cwcm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1910[sizeof("ingreekandcoptic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1920[sizeof("any")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1923[sizeof("inolduyghur")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1936[sizeof("inznamennymusicalnotation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1937[sizeof("lowercase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1941[sizeof("oldpermic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1943[sizeof("ingeorgian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1945[sizeof("ingurmukhi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1947[sizeof("emojimodifier")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1956[sizeof("inkhojki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1958[sizeof("aghb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1960[sizeof("merc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1966[sizeof("inrejang")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1969[sizeof("tamil")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1972[sizeof("indevanagariextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1974[sizeof("inalphabeticpresentationforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1975[sizeof("hangul")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1977[sizeof("inmeroitichieroglyphs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1978[sizeof("inkannada")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1979[sizeof("hiragana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1980[sizeof("maka")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1983[sizeof("inkanbun")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str1987[sizeof("insorasompeng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2001[sizeof("inmathematicaloperators")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2002[sizeof("tayo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2005[sizeof("inhanunoo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2010[sizeof("multani")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2015[sizeof("inkaithi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2022[sizeof("innushu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2023[sizeof("emojipresentation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2028[sizeof("insymbolsforlegacycomputing")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2029[sizeof("meroiticcursive")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2037[sizeof("grantha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2040[sizeof("inlinearbsyllabary")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2041[sizeof("mult")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2042[sizeof("taitham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2047[sizeof("nshu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2049[sizeof("incyrillicsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2051[sizeof("dashpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2053[sizeof("inkatakana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2056[sizeof("inbatak")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2059[sizeof("pi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2064[sizeof("mong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2074[sizeof("oldhungarian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2076[sizeof("phoenician")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2077[sizeof("insmallformvariants")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2078[sizeof("idsunaryoperator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2080[sizeof("variationselector")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2081[sizeof("limbu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2085[sizeof("inyisyllables")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2087[sizeof("diak")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2090[sizeof("oldsoutharabian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2092[sizeof("lepc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2093[sizeof("inottomansiyaqnumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2097[sizeof("control")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2102[sizeof("coptic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2104[sizeof("inkhmersymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2107[sizeof("titlecaseletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2110[sizeof("inphagspa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2111[sizeof("bhks")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2113[sizeof("gothic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2117[sizeof("sogo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2122[sizeof("elym")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2131[sizeof("ps")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2137[sizeof("prti")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2138[sizeof("changeswhencasemapped")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2140[sizeof("deseret")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2142[sizeof("bhaiksuki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2143[sizeof("cyrl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2147[sizeof("olower")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2148[sizeof("inchakma")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2152[sizeof("wara")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2153[sizeof("sogdian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2155[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=zwj")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2164[sizeof("runr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2165[sizeof("changeswhentitlecased")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2168[sizeof("incjkstrokes")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2176[sizeof("incherokeesupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2179[sizeof("intangutcomponents")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2182[sizeof("patws")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2183[sizeof("batk")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2186[sizeof("caseignorable")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2191[sizeof("inkawi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2199[sizeof("indevanagariextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2203[sizeof("indogra")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2204[sizeof("intifinagh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2206[sizeof("print")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2207[sizeof("cakm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2209[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=t")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2211[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lvt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2214[sizeof("inmendekikakui")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2216[sizeof("inpsalterpahlavi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2224[sizeof("dogra")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2228[sizeof("tangut")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2235[sizeof("oalpha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2237[sizeof("intangutcomponentssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2239[sizeof("idcompatmathcontinue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2241[sizeof("beriaerfe")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2243[sizeof("ext")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2244[sizeof("inkanasupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2247[sizeof("osge")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2248[sizeof("inkanaextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2249[sizeof("inverticalforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2252[sizeof("decimalnumber")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2254[sizeof("inkanaextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2255[sizeof("idstrinaryoperator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2257[sizeof("tols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2260[sizeof("lower")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2270[sizeof("glag")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2272[sizeof("inhanguljamo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2279[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2281[sizeof("inmeeteimayek")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2285[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2288[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabics")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2296[sizeof("privateuse")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2299[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2302[sizeof("sentenceterminal")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2308[sizeof("pcm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2309[sizeof("elymaic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2310[sizeof("cpmn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2312[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2313[sizeof("inphoneticextensions")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2317[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityideographs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2320[sizeof("oldsogdian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2341[sizeof("inethiopicsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2345[sizeof("graphemebase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2350[sizeof("intangutsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2353[sizeof("tang")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2361[sizeof("ideographic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2364[sizeof("nagmundari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2366[sizeof("sogd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2370[sizeof("psalterpahlavi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2371[sizeof("inphoneticextensionssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2373[sizeof("tagb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2374[sizeof("invariationselectors")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2375[sizeof("incjkcompatibilityideographssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2379[sizeof("inindicsiyaqnumbers")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2389[sizeof("khojki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2392[sizeof("inplayingcards")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2396[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=extend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2397[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=prepend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2398[sizeof("space")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2401[sizeof("tagbanwa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2416[sizeof("extpict")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2421[sizeof("insupplementaryprivateuseareaa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2422[sizeof("insupplementalarrowsc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2424[sizeof("pd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2427[sizeof("insupplementaryprivateuseareab")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2428[sizeof("innoblock")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2432[sizeof("invariationselectorssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2433[sizeof("inhanguljamoextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2434[sizeof("kthi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2439[sizeof("inhanguljamoextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2440[sizeof("sk")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2443[sizeof("cherokee")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2451[sizeof("nchar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2458[sizeof("pc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2466[sizeof("graphemeextend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2468[sizeof("wancho")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2473[sizeof("inprivateusearea")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2483[sizeof("sunuwar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2491[sizeof("ingothic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2495[sizeof("softdotted")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2503[sizeof("lowercaseletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2505[sizeof("phli")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2518[sizeof("katakana")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2526[sizeof("inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2528[sizeof("hanifirohingya")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2532[sizeof("palm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2534[sizeof("talu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2541[sizeof("inlisu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2543[sizeof("lu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2553[sizeof("invithkuqi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2570[sizeof("finalpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2571[sizeof("incyrillicextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2577[sizeof("incyrillicextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2579[sizeof("noncharactercodepoint")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2581[sizeof("mark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2582[sizeof("medf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2590[sizeof("inkiratrai")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2591[sizeof("intelugu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2592[sizeof("inmakasar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2593[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=l")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2596[sizeof("inkharoshthi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2599[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=control")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2603[sizeof("deprecated")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2612[sizeof("insupplementalsymbolsandpictographs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2613[sizeof("tirh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2614[sizeof("sunu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2618[sizeof("letter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2619[sizeof("medefaidrin")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2625[sizeof("beng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2626[sizeof("makasar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2632[sizeof("cwl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2633[sizeof("intakri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2634[sizeof("tavt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2658[sizeof("todr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2668[sizeof("todhri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2671[sizeof("insupplementalpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2672[sizeof("modifiersymbol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2673[sizeof("ogham")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2679[sizeof("wcho")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2688[sizeof("intagalog")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2689[sizeof("omath")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2699[sizeof("inkhmer")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2700[sizeof("cf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2701[sizeof("bassavah")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2705[sizeof("extendedpictographic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2708[sizeof("zyyy")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2714[sizeof("incyrillicextendedc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2725[sizeof("ugaritic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2726[sizeof("goth")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2728[sizeof("idcompatmathstart")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2729[sizeof("divesakuru")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2732[sizeof("wspace")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2737[sizeof("geor")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2764[sizeof("cyrillic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2765[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=cr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2767[sizeof("sorasompeng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2780[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=regionalindicator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2782[sizeof("tirhuta")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2791[sizeof("inbopomofoextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2796[sizeof("yezi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2798[sizeof("p")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2799[sizeof("incyrillicextendedd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2800[sizeof("po")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2801[sizeof("zp")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2802[sizeof("dogr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2806[sizeof("dep")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2813[sizeof("hung")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2819[sizeof("term")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2826[sizeof("deva")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2831[sizeof("format")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2835[sizeof("oldturkic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2836[sizeof("kayahli")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2844[sizeof("devanagari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2850[sizeof("olck")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2852[sizeof("dupl")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2857[sizeof("incurrencysymbols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2861[sizeof("olchiki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2863[sizeof("inethiopicextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2869[sizeof("inethiopicextendedb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2872[sizeof("phagspa")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2877[sizeof("buhd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2878[sizeof("inhangulsyllables")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2881[sizeof("inlatinextendedf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2883[sizeof("modifierletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2894[sizeof("graph")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2897[sizeof("ingaray")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2900[sizeof("number")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2910[sizeof("inkayahli")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2922[sizeof("lepcha")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2925[sizeof("plrd")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2926[sizeof("incjksymbolsandpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2928[sizeof("ecomp")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2947[sizeof("cuneiform")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2953[sizeof("inglagolitic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2960[sizeof("gunjalagondi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2970[sizeof("bugi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2984[sizeof("takri")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2986[sizeof("cprt")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2987[sizeof("spaceseparator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2991[sizeof("ingurungkhema")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2993[sizeof("incypriotsyllabary")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str2995[sizeof("inpaucinhau")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3005[sizeof("gong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3013[sizeof("joinc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3015[sizeof("currencysymbol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3017[sizeof("rohg")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3021[sizeof("logicalorderexception")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3022[sizeof("grek")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3041[sizeof("changeswhenlowercased")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3049[sizeof("inpahawhhmong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3052[sizeof("yezidi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3054[sizeof("cwcf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3061[sizeof("extender")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3068[sizeof("inhangulcompatibilityjamo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3078[sizeof("tulutigalari")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3080[sizeof("terminalpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3086[sizeof("inkatakanaphoneticextensions")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3090[sizeof("inethiopicextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3097[sizeof("gujr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3103[sizeof("patsyn")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3107[sizeof("ugar")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3108[sizeof("word")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3112[sizeof("berf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3121[sizeof("xpeo")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3122[sizeof("regionalindicator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3127[sizeof("gujarati")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3128[sizeof("buhid")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3137[sizeof("inlatinextendedg")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3142[sizeof("ethi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3165[sizeof("inkhitansmallscript")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3169[sizeof("ingeorgiansupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3177[sizeof("inegyptianhieroglyphs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3184[sizeof("tifinagh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3188[sizeof("inegyptianhieroglyphsextendeda")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3190[sizeof("inegyptianhieroglyphformatcontrols")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3221[sizeof("inkhudawadi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3231[sizeof("incjkcompatibility")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3238[sizeof("rjng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3240[sizeof("buginese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3245[sizeof("mendekikakui")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3247[sizeof("letternumber")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3257[sizeof("phlp")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3261[sizeof("separator")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3263[sizeof("pauc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3281[sizeof("vithkuqi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3287[sizeof("inkangxiradicals")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3291[sizeof("changeswhencasefolded")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3302[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3307[sizeof("joincontrol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3326[sizeof("inmeroiticcursive")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3334[sizeof("pe")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3335[sizeof("patternwhitespace")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3357[sizeof("duployan")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3359[sizeof("phag")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3363[sizeof("meeteimayek")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3407[sizeof("innyiakengpuachuehmong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3408[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensioni")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3414[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3416[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionj")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3418[sizeof("georgian")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3426[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiona")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3432[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionb")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3436[sizeof("warangciti")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3444[sizeof("inhighprivateusesurrogates")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3469[sizeof("meroitichieroglyphs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3481[sizeof("java")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3493[sizeof("garay")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3497[sizeof("nonspacingmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3505[sizeof("otheridstart")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3507[sizeof("otheridcontinue")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3516[sizeof("xsux")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3532[sizeof("phnx")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3535[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensione")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3536[sizeof("signwriting")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3543[sizeof("tolongsiki")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3569[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionc")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3579[sizeof("combiningmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3585[sizeof("nushu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3598[sizeof("takr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3613[sizeof("tfng")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3614[sizeof("changeswhenuppercased")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3622[sizeof("inglagoliticsupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3629[sizeof("surrogate")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3647[sizeof("orkh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3650[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=v")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3651[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=lv")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3654[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiond")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3666[sizeof("telu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3669[sizeof("inhalfwidthandfullwidthforms")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3686[sizeof("otheralphabetic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3690[sizeof("unknown")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3699[sizeof("punct")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3718[sizeof("tglg")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3733[sizeof("javanese")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3770[sizeof("otherdefaultignorablecodepoint")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3778[sizeof("cwu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3782[sizeof("rejang")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3813[sizeof("egyp")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3835[sizeof("perm")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3836[sizeof("othersymbol")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3869[sizeof("epres")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3877[sizeof("olduyghur")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3894[sizeof("tutg")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3901[sizeof("enclosingmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3918[sizeof("ingeorgianextended")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3945[sizeof("ogrext")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3965[sizeof("indivesakuru")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3972[sizeof("otherlowercase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3981[sizeof("other")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str3995[sizeof("othernumber")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4007[sizeof("hexdigit")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4018[sizeof("incjkradicalssupplement")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4035[sizeof("blank")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4064[sizeof("ethiopic")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4069[sizeof("graphemeclusterbreak=spacingmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4072[sizeof("spacingmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4089[sizeof("tagalog")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4102[sizeof("batak")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4110[sizeof("guru")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4117[sizeof("hex")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4140[sizeof("paucinhau")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4153[sizeof("modifiercombiningmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4163[sizeof("otherpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4180[sizeof("ougr")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4228[sizeof("palmyrene")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4318[sizeof("othermath")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4353[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4354[sizeof("inboxdrawing")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4401[sizeof("patternsyntax")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4404[sizeof("oupper")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4410[sizeof("gurungkhema")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4414[sizeof("prependedconcatenationmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4439[sizeof("otherletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4491[sizeof("pf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4494[sizeof("qmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4543[sizeof("inhighsurrogates")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4544[sizeof("xposixpunct")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4545[sizeof("otheruppercase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4564[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensionf")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4670[sizeof("punctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4692[sizeof("incjkunifiedideographsextensiong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4731[sizeof("egyptianhieroglyphs")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4775[sizeof("defaultignorablecodepoint")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4777[sizeof("quotationmark")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4800[sizeof("openpunctuation")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4851[sizeof("unifiedideograph")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4941[sizeof("greek")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str4985[sizeof("othergraphemeextend")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5002[sizeof("inkaktoviknumerals")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5234[sizeof("uppercase")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5271[sizeof("grlink")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5290[sizeof("nyiakengpuachuehmong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5329[sizeof("gukh")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5512[sizeof("pahawhhmong")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5557[sizeof("upper")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5800[sizeof("uppercaseletter")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5919[sizeof("graphemelink")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str5981[sizeof("telugu")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str6036[sizeof("gurmukhi")];
+    char uniname2ctype_pool_str6068[sizeof("paragraphseparator")];
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+  };
+static const struct uniname2ctype_pool_t uniname2ctype_pool_contents =
+  {
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "word",
+    "print",
+    "punct",
+    "alpha",
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "n",
+    "m",
+    "mn",
+    "lm",
+    "inmro",
+    "innko",
+    "mro",
+    "mroo",
+    "ri",
+    "lao",
+    "laoo",
+    "ahom",
+    "hano",
+    "miao",
+    "hani",
+    "inmiao",
+    "han",
+    "mani",
+    "lina",
+    "inahom",
+    "hanunoo",
+    "limb",
+    "linb",
+    "inmanichaean",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "alnum",
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "xdigit",
+    "upper",
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "armi",
+    "nandinagari",
+    "armn",
+    "lana",
+    "zanb",
+    "inosmanya",
+    "insamaritan",
+    "inbhaiksuki",
+    "armenian",
+    "sm",
+    "inmasaramgondi",
+    "s",
+    "innabataean",
+    "zs",
+    "inbasiclatin",
+    "innumberforms",
+    "arab",
+    "inmusicalsymbols",
+    "latn",
+    "inthai",
+    "latin",
+    "shavian",
+    "initialpunctuation",
+    "hatran",
+    "di",
+    "inthaana",
+    "intoto",
+    "nabataean",
+    "intaitham",
+    "inarabicpresentationformsa",
+    "inbraillepatterns",
+    "inarabicpresentationformsb",
+    "ids",
+    "dia",
+    "inarmenian",
+    "idsb",
+    "intransportandmapsymbols",
+    "inideographicsymbolsandpunctuation",
+    "inavestan",
+    "inipaextensions",
+    "inelbasan",
+    "inopticalcharacterrecognition",
+    "brai",
+    "bamum",
+    "incham",
+    "inideographicdescriptioncharacters",
+    "brahmi",
+    "idst",
+    "bass",
+    "mandaic",
+    "inemoticons",
+    "incommonindicnumberforms",
+    "intibetan",
+    "inarabic",
+    "nbat",
+    "cn",
+    "inancientsymbols",
+    "ci",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "ascii",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "mcm",
+    "ideo",
+    "inmodi",
+    "vai",
+    "vaii",
+    "cham",
+    "inmyanmarextendeda",
+    "nand",
+    "inmyanmarextendedb",
+    "mand",
+    "cans",
+    "inoldsogdian",
+    "chorasmian",
+    "innewa",
+    "chakma",
+    "incuneiform",
+    "vs",
+    "cs",
+    "sind",
+    "shaw",
+    "inspecials",
+    "inchesssymbols",
+    "avst",
+    "inblockelements",
+    "nd",
+    "sharada",
+    "inmiscellaneoussymbols",
+    "inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsa",
+    "sidt",
+    "inmiscellaneousmathematicalsymbolsb",
+    "inmiscellaneoussymbolsandarrows",
+    "arabic",
+    "inmiscellaneoussymbolsandpictographs",
+    "c",
+    "lc",
+    "mc",
+    "inmedefaidrin",
+    "inmyanmarextendedc",
+    "insundanese",
+    "indominotiles",
+    "insymbolsandpictographsextendeda",
+    "inwancho",
+    "inolditalic",
+    "inmodifiertoneletters",
+    "incb=consonant",
+    "sd",
+    "inmandaic",
+    "inmiscellaneoussymbolssupplement",
+    "nko",
+    "nkoo",
+    "l",
+    "inmeeteimayekextensions",
+    "nl",
+    "zl",
+    "ll",
+    "inlao",
+    "khoj",
+    "idc",
+    "innewtailue",
+    "inolonal",
+    "sc",
+    "indeseret",
+    "incuneiformnumbersandpunctuation",
+    "krai",
+    "inarabicextendeda",
+    "inoldturkic",
+    "avestan",
+    "inarabicextendedb",
+    "inmalayalam",
+    "kharoshthi",
+    "kana",
+    "inadlam",
+    "idcontinue",
+    "insiddham",
+    "intamil",
+    "inmultani",
+    "intolongsiki",
+    "kits",
+    "incb=extend",
+    "sidetic",
+    "sidd",
+    "incontrolpictures",
+    "insidetic",
+    "sinhala",
+    "inlatinextendeda",
+    "inlatinextendedb",
+    "adlm",
+    "adlam",
+    "inlineara",
+    "intamilsupplement",
+    "inbalinese",
+    "inspacingmodifierletters",
+    "inarabicextendedc",
+    "inlycian",
+    "bali",
+    "hira",
+    "cc",
+    "insmallkanaextension",
+    "intaile",
+    "qaai",
+    "inmyanmar",
+    "narb",
+    "inarrows",
+    "lineara",
+    "linearb",
+    "insharada",
+    "inruminumeralsymbols",
+    "masaramgondi",
+    "hatr",
+    "knda",
+    "samr",
+    "kawi",
+    "inlydian",
+    "samaritan",
+    "sarb",
+    "no",
+    "bidic",
+    "lo",
+    "hmnp",
+    "onao",
+    "inlowsurrogates",
+    "kannada",
+    "inlinearbideograms",
+    "inletterlikesymbols",
+    "cased",
+    "inbopomofo",
+    "inberiaerfe",
+    "lineseparator",
+    "z",
+    "insymbolsforlegacycomputingsupplement",
+    "inrunic",
+    "incarian",
+    "inlatinextendede",
+    "inmarchen",
+    "so",
+    "marc",
+    "oriya",
+    "inchorasmian",
+    "yi",
+    "insyriac",
+    "yiii",
+    "alpha",
+    "qaac",
+    "insundanesesupplement",
+    "osma",
+    "inmiscellaneoustechnical",
+    "idstart",
+    "inenclosedcjklettersandmonths",
+    "inlatinextendedc",
+    "dsrt",
+    "odi",
+    "chrs",
+    "cari",
+    "innandinagari",
+    "balinese",
+    "inwarangciti",
+    "inphoenician",
+    "kali",
+    "inoldnortharabian",
+    "radical",
+    "carian",
+    "idsbinaryoperator",
+    "shrd",
+    "inoldsoutharabian",
+    "diacritic",
+    "mlym",
+    "zinh",
+    "inphaistosdisc",
+    "incyrillic",
+    "ininscriptionalpahlavi",
+    "insoyombo",
+    "ininscriptionalparthian",
+    "inoriya",
+    "lyci",
+    "inogham",
+    "mahj",
+    "gran",
+    "inmahajani",
+    "co",
+    "cher",
+    "alphabetic",
+    "insinhala",
+    "modi",
+    "inbrahmi",
+    "loe",
+    "lycian",
+    "mahajani",
+    "common",
+    "intaiyo",
+    "inhanifirohingya",
+    "inbassavah",
+    "sinh",
+    "oids",
+    "inlatinextendedadditional",
+    "inyijinghexagramsymbols",
+    "inoldpersian",
+    "bidicontrol",
+    "math",
+    "inarabicsupplement",
+    "thai",
+    "inlatinextendedd",
+    "taiyo",
+    "lisu",
+    "tnsa",
+    "incherokee",
+    "thaa",
+    "lydi",
+    "inbamum",
+    "khmr",
+    "inbyzantinemusicalsymbols",
+    "lt",
+    "khar",
+    "thaana",
+    "osage",
+    "lydian",
+    "inanatolianhieroglyphs",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=11.0",
+    "age=10.0",
+    "age=12.1",
+    "age=12.0",
+    "age=1.1",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "insylotinagri",
+    "anatolianhieroglyphs",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=2.1",
+    "age=2.0",
+    "age=14.0",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "tangsa",
+    "dash",
+    "incombiningdiacriticalmarks",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=17.0",
+    "age=4.1",
+    "age=4.0",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "tibt",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=15.1",
+    "age=15.0",
+    "age=7.0",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "inolchiki",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=9.0",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "incombiningdiacriticalmarksforsymbols",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=5.1",
+    "age=5.0",
+    "age=16.0",
+    "age=5.2",
+    "age=8.0",
+    "age=13.0",
+    "age=6.1",
+    "age=6.0",
+    "age=6.2",
+    "age=3.1",
+    "age=3.0",
+    "age=3.2",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "inarabicmathematicalalphabeticsymbols",
+    "brah",
+    "tibetan",
+    "mtei",
+    "incoptic",
+    "manichaean",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+    "age=6.3",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+    "emoji",
+    "oidc",
+    "incombiningdiacriticalmarkssupplement",
+    "idsu",
+    "saurashtra",
+    "inoldpermic",
+    "closepunctuation",
+    "incombininghalfmarks",
+    "incopticepactnumbers",
+    "elba",
+    "xdigit",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "cntrl",
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "space",
+    "xposixpunct",
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "bamu",
+    "xids",
+    "inoldhungarian",
+    "grext",
+    "mongolian",
+    "sterm",
+    "braille",
+    "inbuhid",
+    "elbasan",
+    "zanabazarsquare",
+    "incountingrodnumerals",
+    "inenclosedalphanumerics",
+    "incb=linker",
+    "taiviet",
+    "inelymaic",
+    "inethiopic",
+    "sgnw",
+    "olditalic",
+    "vith",
+    "grbase",
+    "hluw",
+    "intodhri",
+    "asciihexdigit",
+    "me",
+    "hmng",
+    "siddham",
+    "inenclosedalphanumericsupplement",
+    "taile",
+    "nagm",
+    "hang",
+    "inscriptionalparthian",
+    "inmongolian",
+    "innagmundari",
+    "sylo",
+    "ingunjalagondi",
+    "ingujarati",
+    "inbengali",
+    "khitansmallscript",
+    "xidcontinue",
+    "ingrantha",
+    "insinhalaarchaicnumbers",
+    "connectorpunctuation",
+    "inpalmyrene",
+    "incombiningdiacriticalmarksextended",
+    "xidstart",
+    "xidc",
+    "inancientgreekmusicalnotation",
+    "inancientgreeknumbers",
+    "intangsa",
+    "intags",
+    "inlepcha",
+    "caucasianalbanian",
+    "sylotinagri",
+    "emod",
+    "incaucasianalbanian",
+    "intagbanwa",
+    "mend",
+    "newa",
+    "inearlydynasticcuneiform",
+    "kaithi",
+    "intangut",
+    "mymr",
+    "inosage",
+    "inmahjongtiles",
+    "malayalam",
+    "sora",
+    "inbuginese",
+    "emojimodifierbase",
+    "induployan",
+    "ingeometricshapes",
+    "ingeneralpunctuation",
+    "myanmar",
+    "inlatin1supplement",
+    "ital",
+    "taml",
+    "inaegeannumbers",
+    "insharadasupplement",
+    "mathsymbol",
+    "inlimbu",
+    "invai",
+    "emojicomponent",
+    "insuttonsignwriting",
+    "digit",
+    "newtailue",
+    "inshavian",
+    "insogdian",
+    "indingbats",
+    "imperialaramaic",
+    "intulutigalari",
+    "incyprominoan",
+    "glagolitic",
+    "ebase",
+    "intaixuanjingsymbols",
+    "inbamumsupplement",
+    "gara",
+    "insyriacsupplement",
+    "casedletter",
+    "zzzz",
+    "inhiragana",
+    "tale",
+    "canadianaboriginal",
+    "ahex",
+    "inmayannumerals",
+    "inzanabazarsquare",
+    "inyiradicals",
+    "inscriptionalpahlavi",
+    "inalchemicalsymbols",
+    "inhatran",
+    "assigned",
+    "intaiviet",
+    "syrc",
+    "bopo",
+    "intirhuta",
+    "oldnortharabian",
+    "insupplementalmathematicaloperators",
+    "bopomofo",
+    "olonal",
+    "injavanese",
+    "insunuwar",
+    "inmathematicalalphanumericsymbols",
+    "inimperialaramaic",
+    "khmer",
+    "gonm",
+    "hyphen",
+    "insuperscriptsandsubscripts",
+    "inenclosedideographicsupplement",
+    "ingeometricshapesextended",
+    "insaurashtra",
+    "ogam",
+    "orya",
+    "saur",
+    "marchen",
+    "sundanese",
+    "khudawadi",
+    "soyo",
+    "whitespace",
+    "uideo",
+    "oldpersian",
+    "inyezidi",
+    "kiratrai",
+    "inlisusupplement",
+    "mero",
+    "symbol",
+    "soyombo",
+    "osmanya",
+    "indevanagari",
+    "unassigned",
+    "bengali",
+    "hebr",
+    "hebrew",
+    "inornamentaldingbats",
+    "invedicextensions",
+    "copt",
+    "ingreekextended",
+    "sund",
+    "cyprominoan",
+    "inherited",
+    "toto",
+    "inugaritic",
+    "syriac",
+    "cwt",
+    "inhebrew",
+    "runic",
+    "inmongoliansupplement",
+    "inshorthandformatcontrols",
+    "cypriot",
+    "cwcm",
+    "ingreekandcoptic",
+    "any",
+    "inolduyghur",
+    "inznamennymusicalnotation",
+    "lowercase",
+    "oldpermic",
+    "ingeorgian",
+    "ingurmukhi",
+    "emojimodifier",
+    "inkhojki",
+    "aghb",
+    "merc",
+    "inrejang",
+    "tamil",
+    "indevanagariextendeda",
+    "inalphabeticpresentationforms",
+    "hangul",
+    "inmeroitichieroglyphs",
+    "inkannada",
+    "hiragana",
+    "maka",
+    "inkanbun",
+    "insorasompeng",
+    "inmathematicaloperators",
+    "tayo",
+    "inhanunoo",
+    "multani",
+    "inkaithi",
+    "innushu",
+    "emojipresentation",
+    "insymbolsforlegacycomputing",
+    "meroiticcursive",
+    "grantha",
+    "inlinearbsyllabary",
+    "mult",
+    "taitham",
+    "nshu",
+    "incyrillicsupplement",
+    "dashpunctuation",
+    "inkatakana",
+    "inbatak",
+    "pi",
+    "mong",
+    "oldhungarian",
+    "phoenician",
+    "insmallformvariants",
+    "idsunaryoperator",
+    "variationselector",
+    "limbu",
+    "inyisyllables",
+    "diak",
+    "oldsoutharabian",
+    "lepc",
+    "inottomansiyaqnumbers",
+    "control",
+    "coptic",
+    "inkhmersymbols",
+    "titlecaseletter",
+    "inphagspa",
+    "bhks",
+    "gothic",
+    "sogo",
+    "elym",
+    "ps",
+    "prti",
+    "changeswhencasemapped",
+    "deseret",
+    "bhaiksuki",
+    "cyrl",
+    "olower",
+    "inchakma",
+    "wara",
+    "sogdian",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=zwj",
+    "runr",
+    "changeswhentitlecased",
+    "incjkstrokes",
+    "incherokeesupplement",
+    "intangutcomponents",
+    "patws",
+    "batk",
+    "caseignorable",
+    "inkawi",
+    "indevanagariextended",
+    "indogra",
+    "intifinagh",
+    "print",
+    "cakm",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=t",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=lvt",
+    "inmendekikakui",
+    "inpsalterpahlavi",
+    "dogra",
+    "tangut",
+    "oalpha",
+    "intangutcomponentssupplement",
+    "idcompatmathcontinue",
+    "beriaerfe",
+    "ext",
+    "inkanasupplement",
+    "osge",
+    "inkanaextendeda",
+    "inverticalforms",
+    "decimalnumber",
+    "inkanaextendedb",
+    "idstrinaryoperator",
+    "tols",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "lower",
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "glag",
+    "inhanguljamo",
+    "insupplementalarrowsa",
+    "inmeeteimayek",
+    "insupplementalarrowsb",
+    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabics",
+    "privateuse",
+    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextendeda",
+    "sentenceterminal",
+    "pcm",
+    "elymaic",
+    "cpmn",
+    "incjkcompatibilityforms",
+    "inphoneticextensions",
+    "incjkcompatibilityideographs",
+    "oldsogdian",
+    "inethiopicsupplement",
+    "graphemebase",
+    "intangutsupplement",
+    "tang",
+    "ideographic",
+    "nagmundari",
+    "sogd",
+    "psalterpahlavi",
+    "inphoneticextensionssupplement",
+    "tagb",
+    "invariationselectors",
+    "incjkcompatibilityideographssupplement",
+    "inindicsiyaqnumbers",
+    "khojki",
+    "inplayingcards",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=extend",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=prepend",
+    "space",
+    "tagbanwa",
+    "extpict",
+    "insupplementaryprivateuseareaa",
+    "insupplementalarrowsc",
+    "pd",
+    "insupplementaryprivateuseareab",
+    "innoblock",
+    "invariationselectorssupplement",
+    "inhanguljamoextendeda",
+    "kthi",
+    "inhanguljamoextendedb",
+    "sk",
+    "cherokee",
+    "nchar",
+    "pc",
+    "graphemeextend",
+    "wancho",
+    "inprivateusearea",
+    "sunuwar",
+    "ingothic",
+    "softdotted",
+    "lowercaseletter",
+    "phli",
+    "katakana",
+    "inunifiedcanadianaboriginalsyllabicsextended",
+    "hanifirohingya",
+    "palm",
+    "talu",
+    "inlisu",
+    "lu",
+    "invithkuqi",
+    "finalpunctuation",
+    "incyrillicextendeda",
+    "incyrillicextendedb",
+    "noncharactercodepoint",
+    "mark",
+    "medf",
+    "inkiratrai",
+    "intelugu",
+    "inmakasar",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=l",
+    "inkharoshthi",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=control",
+    "deprecated",
+    "insupplementalsymbolsandpictographs",
+    "tirh",
+    "sunu",
+    "letter",
+    "medefaidrin",
+    "beng",
+    "makasar",
+    "cwl",
+    "intakri",
+    "tavt",
+    "todr",
+    "todhri",
+    "insupplementalpunctuation",
+    "modifiersymbol",
+    "ogham",
+    "wcho",
+    "intagalog",
+    "omath",
+    "inkhmer",
+    "cf",
+    "bassavah",
+    "extendedpictographic",
+    "zyyy",
+    "incyrillicextendedc",
+    "ugaritic",
+    "goth",
+    "idcompatmathstart",
+    "divesakuru",
+    "wspace",
+    "geor",
+    "cyrillic",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=cr",
+    "sorasompeng",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=regionalindicator",
+    "tirhuta",
+    "inbopomofoextended",
+    "yezi",
+    "p",
+    "incyrillicextendedd",
+    "po",
+    "zp",
+    "dogr",
+    "dep",
+    "hung",
+    "term",
+    "deva",
+    "format",
+    "oldturkic",
+    "kayahli",
+    "devanagari",
+    "olck",
+    "dupl",
+    "incurrencysymbols",
+    "olchiki",
+    "inethiopicextendeda",
+    "inethiopicextendedb",
+    "phagspa",
+    "buhd",
+    "inhangulsyllables",
+    "inlatinextendedf",
+    "modifierletter",
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "graph",
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+    "digit",
+    "blank"
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    "ingaray",
+    "number",
+    "inkayahli",
+    "lepcha",
+    "plrd",
+    "incjksymbolsandpunctuation",
+    "ecomp",
+    "cuneiform",
+    "inglagolitic",
+    "gunjalagondi",
+    "bugi",
+    "takri",
+    "cprt",
+    "spaceseparator",
+    "ingurungkhema",
+    "incypriotsyllabary",
+    "inpaucinhau",
+    "gong",
+    "joinc",
+    "currencysymbol",
+    "rohg",
+    "logicalorderexception",
+    "grek",
+    "changeswhenlowercased",
+    "inpahawhhmong",
+    "yezidi",
+    "cwcf",
+    "extender",
+    "inhangulcompatibilityjamo",
+    "tulutigalari",
+    "terminalpunctuation",
+    "inkatakanaphoneticextensions",
+    "inethiopicextended",
+    "gujr",
+    "patsyn",
+    "ugar",
+    "word",
+    "berf",
+    "xpeo",
+    "regionalindicator",
+    "gujarati",
+    "buhid",
+    "inlatinextendedg",
+    "ethi",
+    "inkhitansmallscript",
+    "ingeorgiansupplement",
+    "inegyptianhieroglyphs",
+    "tifinagh",
+    "inegyptianhieroglyphsextendeda",
+    "inegyptianhieroglyphformatcontrols",
+    "inkhudawadi",
+    "incjkcompatibility",
+    "rjng",
+    "buginese",
+    "mendekikakui",
+    "letternumber",
+    "phlp",
+    "separator",
+    "pauc",
+    "vithkuqi",
+    "inkangxiradicals",
+    "changeswhencasefolded",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=lf",
+    "joincontrol",
+    "inmeroiticcursive",
+    "pe",
+    "patternwhitespace",
+    "duployan",
+    "phag",
+    "meeteimayek",
+    "innyiakengpuachuehmong",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensioni",
+    "incjkunifiedideographs",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionj",
+    "georgian",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiona",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionb",
+    "warangciti",
+    "inhighprivateusesurrogates",
+    "meroitichieroglyphs",
+    "java",
+    "garay",
+    "nonspacingmark",
+    "otheridstart",
+    "otheridcontinue",
+    "xsux",
+    "phnx",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensione",
+    "signwriting",
+    "tolongsiki",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionc",
+    "combiningmark",
+    "nushu",
+    "takr",
+    "tfng",
+    "changeswhenuppercased",
+    "inglagoliticsupplement",
+    "surrogate",
+    "orkh",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=v",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=lv",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiond",
+    "telu",
+    "inhalfwidthandfullwidthforms",
+    "otheralphabetic",
+    "unknown",
+    "punct",
+    "tglg",
+    "javanese",
+    "otherdefaultignorablecodepoint",
+    "cwu",
+    "rejang",
+    "egyp",
+    "perm",
+    "othersymbol",
+    "epres",
+    "olduyghur",
+    "tutg",
+    "enclosingmark",
+    "ingeorgianextended",
+    "ogrext",
+    "indivesakuru",
+    "otherlowercase",
+    "other",
+    "othernumber",
+    "hexdigit",
+    "incjkradicalssupplement",
+    "blank",
+    "ethiopic",
+    "graphemeclusterbreak=spacingmark",
+    "spacingmark",
+    "tagalog",
+    "batak",
+    "guru",
+    "hex",
+    "paucinhau",
+    "modifiercombiningmark",
+    "otherpunctuation",
+    "ougr",
+    "palmyrene",
+    "othermath",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionh",
+    "inboxdrawing",
+    "patternsyntax",
+    "oupper",
+    "gurungkhema",
+    "prependedconcatenationmark",
+    "otherletter",
+    "pf",
+    "qmark",
+    "inhighsurrogates",
+    "xposixpunct",
+    "otheruppercase",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensionf",
+    "punctuation",
+    "incjkunifiedideographsextensiong",
+    "egyptianhieroglyphs",
+    "defaultignorablecodepoint",
+    "quotationmark",
+    "openpunctuation",
+    "unifiedideograph",
+    "greek",
+    "othergraphemeextend",
+    "inkaktoviknumerals",
+    "uppercase",
+    "grlink",
+    "nyiakengpuachuehmong",
+    "gukh",
+    "pahawhhmong",
+    "upper",
+    "uppercaseletter",
+    "graphemelink",
+    "telugu",
+    "gurmukhi",
+    "paragraphseparator"
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+  };
+#define uniname2ctype_pool ((const char *) &uniname2ctype_pool_contents)
+const struct uniname2ctype_struct *
+uniname2ctype_p (register const char *str, register size_t len)
+{
+  static const struct uniname2ctype_struct wordlist[] =
+    {
+#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str10), 35},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str16), 31},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str19), 34},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str24), 27},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str27), 606},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str28), 354},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str33), 192},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str34), 192},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str38), 288},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str40), 98},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str41), 98},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str44), 203},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str45), 120},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str47), 176},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str48), 113},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str50), 613},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str51), 113},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str52), 189},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str53), 187},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str56), 575},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str57), 120},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str58), 123},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str59), 125},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str60), 539},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str62), 13},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str63), 164},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str64), 227},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str67), 82},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str69), 155},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str70), 218},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str74), 518},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str6), 12},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str7), 7},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str8), 15},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str9), 1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str10), 13},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str11), 11},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str12), 10},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str13), 14},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str14), 3},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str15), 9},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str16), 8},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str17), 6},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str18), 5},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str19), 4},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str20), 2}
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str81), 355},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str82), 587},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str83), 82},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str85), 50},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str88), 589},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str89), 47},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str90), 529},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str92), 55},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str93), 338},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str96), 415},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str102), 84},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str107), 631},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str115), 79},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str117), 370},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str124), 79},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str135), 127},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str141), 44},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str144), 205},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str149), 71},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str155), 353},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str157), 643},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str164), 194},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str169), 394},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str175), 493},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str180), 429},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str181), 499},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str186), 67},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str190), 264},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str191), 348},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str195), 270},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str199), 662},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str202), 614},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str203), 540},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str209), 342},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str211), 520},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str213), 420},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str215), 130},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str219), 161},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str220), 477},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str227), 444},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str228), 171},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str235), 271},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str237), 181},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str242), 172},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str244), 660},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str247), 468},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str257), 372},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str258), 350},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str260), 194},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str261), 21},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str267), 506},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str268), 61},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str274), 14},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str275), 289},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str279), 263},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str284), 571},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str285), 147},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str286), 147},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str287), 154},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str289), 478},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str291), 227},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str295), 476},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str298), 172},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str310), 105},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str312), 551},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str315), 230},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str317), 568},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str333), 173},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str335), 596},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str336), 284},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str340), 23},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str342), 200},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str344), 127},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str359), 501},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str364), 667},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str366), 157},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str373), 423},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str384), 36},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str395), 177},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str398), 425},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str400), 427},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str402), 248},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str406), 431},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str407), 433},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str410), 84},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str412), 659},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str416), 18},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str424), 25},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str425), 32},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str426), 611},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str432), 574},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str433), 397},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str438), 655},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str440), 668},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str441), 644},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str444), 511},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str447), 465},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str448), 76},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str451), 277},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str452), 356},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str456), 628},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str458), 143},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str459), 143},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str460), 24},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str461), 480},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str462), 37},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str463), 53},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str468), 26},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str472), 371},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str473), 186},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str476), 68},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str477), 391},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str483), 646},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str485), 48},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str491), 516},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str496), 597},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str502), 243},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str505), 359},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str508), 544},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str510), 157},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str511), 358},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str512), 368},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str513), 138},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str514), 111},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str523), 650},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str525), 68},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str549), 570},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str551), 365},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str553), 564},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str554), 591},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str556), 232},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str571), 77},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str574), 248},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str584), 199},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str587), 419},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str588), 533},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str591), 96},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str605), 340},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str617), 341},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str622), 209},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str630), 209},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str635), 524},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str637), 595},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str638), 396},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str645), 343},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str648), 550},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str650), 508},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str653), 139},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str665), 110},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str667), 19},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str674), 623},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str675), 390},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str681), 118},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str682), 373},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str684), 193},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str687), 416},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str701), 187},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str707), 125},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str709), 561},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str716), 548},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str721), 215},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str727), 205},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str729), 94},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str730), 159},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str734), 239},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str735), 532},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str747), 159},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str751), 165},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str760), 38},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str762), 253},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str766), 28},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str780), 228},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str784), 244},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str788), 489},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str789), 94},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str795), 503},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str799), 414},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str803), 60},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str809), 448},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str810), 612},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str815), 53},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str817), 52},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str818), 627},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str820), 381},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str821), 509},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str823), 482},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str825), 588},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str827), 51},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str828), 211},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str829), 91},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str830), 554},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str832), 114},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str833), 351},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str838), 114},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str840), 1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str842), 132},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str852), 403},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str857), 128},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str880), 418},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str883), 67},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str890), 454},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str891), 435},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str894), 117},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str898), 275},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str901), 230},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str909), 152},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str919), 579},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str923), 139},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str924), 577},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str929), 531},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str940), 149},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str942), 538},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str944), 273},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str945), 152},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str947), 270},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str949), 177},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str954), 537},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str966), 264},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str970), 95},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str975), 118},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str978), 507},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str980), 346},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str985), 542},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str988), 581},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str990), 541},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str991), 364},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str994), 151},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str999), 380},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1001), 188},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1003), 184},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1005), 560},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1009), 22},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1012), 104},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1016), 57},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1021), 369},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1022), 191},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1024), 556},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1028), 278},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1030), 151},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1031), 188},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1036), 78},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1037), 647},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1038), 546},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1040), 608},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1041), 96},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1042), 279},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1044), 408},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1045), 457},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1048), 515},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1056), 253},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1057), 56},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1058), 352},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1059), 97},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1061), 466},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1064), 249},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1068), 160},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1072), 236},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1073), 378},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1077), 86},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1079), 153},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1087), 464},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1090), 108},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1094), 630},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1102), 29},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1105), 138},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1109), 86},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1113), 213},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1115), 153},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1117), 603},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1120), 316},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1121), 315},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1122), 318},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1123), 317},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1125), 297},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1126), 467},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1127), 204},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1128), 299},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1129), 298},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1130), 320},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1131), 236},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1132), 255},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1133), 344},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1134), 324},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1135), 304},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1136), 303},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1137), 99},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1138), 322},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1139), 321},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1140), 312},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1141), 400},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1142), 314},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1143), 413},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1144), 306},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1145), 305},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1146), 323},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1147), 307},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1148), 313},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1150), 319},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1151), 309},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1152), 308},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1154), 310},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1155), 301},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1156), 300},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1158), 302},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1159), 653},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1160), 171},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1170), 99},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1172), 163},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1175), 436},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1176), 189},
+#ifndef USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+#else /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1181), 311},
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_AGE_PROPERTIES */
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1182), 290},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1187), 280},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1191), 407},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1192), 272},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1195), 148},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1196), 513},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1199), 42},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1209), 496},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1214), 510},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1221), 183},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1225), 11},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1228), 3},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1229), 161},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1230), 69},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1239), 545},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1241), 72},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1242), 109},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1243), 283},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1249), 130},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1251), 384},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1252), 183},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1259), 218},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1260), 636},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1264), 421},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1265), 75},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1267), 156},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1269), 555},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1272), 376},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1275), 208},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1277), 115},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1279), 238},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1285), 73},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1286), 204},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1292), 523},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1299), 261},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1301), 33},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1312), 185},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1315), 199},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1321), 657},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1324), 124},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1328), 240},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1332), 102},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1334), 166},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1335), 387},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1336), 645},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1339), 136},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1347), 590},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1349), 363},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1350), 361},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1351), 232},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1357), 70},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1362), 566},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1363), 562},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1368), 40},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1370), 528},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1371), 395},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1372), 69},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1375), 70},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1397), 632},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1401), 505},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1407), 607},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1415), 680},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1416), 399},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1420), 180},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1421), 136},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1423), 292},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1425), 521},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1429), 385},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1430), 190},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1433), 212},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1435), 598},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1447), 169},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1453), 615},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1456), 100},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1462), 519},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1467), 654},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1470), 95},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1473), 178},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1474), 393},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1479), 293},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1489), 625},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1497), 424},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1498), 410},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1503), 100},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1510), 339},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1515), 115},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1516), 92},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1517), 504},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1528), 585},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1530), 50},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1532), 389},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1535), 462},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1551), 294},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1552), 638},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1572), 4},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1573), 133},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1581), 517},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1588), 552},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1589), 426},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1590), 164},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1598), 567},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1600), 599},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1606), 134},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1614), 293},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1615), 635},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1618), 605},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1626), 241},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1633), 357},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1634), 25},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1636), 296},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1639), 446},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1640), 124},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1641), 105},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1642), 261},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1644), 634},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1648), 580},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1654), 460},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1655), 167},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1668), 663},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1669), 530},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1670), 17},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1671), 479},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1674), 85},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1682), 112},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1684), 569},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1714), 108},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1738), 106},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1755), 144},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1812), 128},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1819), 83},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1864), 64},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1901), 66},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1910), 345},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1937), 58},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1},
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+      {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1972), 584},
+      {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1975), 102},
+      {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1978), 367},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1979), 110},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str1980), 221},
+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2002), 249},
+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2023), 291},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2042), 155},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2077), 498},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2138), 66},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2143), 81},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2153), 224},
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+      {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2204), 438},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2207), 173},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2244), 621},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2309), 226},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2310), 234},
+      {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2421), 682},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2422), 665},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2427), 683},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2428), 684},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2433), 474},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2434), 169},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str2592), 592},
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+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4180), 235},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4228), 195},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4318), 259},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4353), 678},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4354), 422},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4401), 286},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4404), 267},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4410), 242},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4414), 287},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4439), 28},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4491), 43},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4494), 257},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4543), 487},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4544), 8},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4545), 267},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4564), 674},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4670), 39},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4692), 677},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4731), 158},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4775), 71},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4777), 257},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4800), 46},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4851), 274},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4941), 80},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str4985), 269},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5002), 633},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5234), 59},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5271), 74},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5290), 228},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5329), 242},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5512), 185},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5557), 10},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5800), 30},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5919), 74},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str5981), 93},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str6036), 89},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
+      {uniname2ctype_offset(str6068), 54}
+#endif /* USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES */
+    };
+
+  if (len <= MAX_WORD_LENGTH && len >= MIN_WORD_LENGTH)
+    {
+      register unsigned int key = uniname2ctype_hash (str, len);
+
+      if (key <= MAX_HASH_VALUE)
+        {
+          register int o = wordlist[key].name;
+          if (o >= 0)
+            {
+              register const char *s = o + uniname2ctype_pool;
+
+              if (*str == *s && !strncmp (str + 1, s + 1, len - 1) && s[len] == '\0')
+                return &wordlist[key];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+uniname2ctype(const UChar *name, unsigned int len)
+{
+  const struct uniname2ctype_struct *p = uniname2ctype_p((const char *)name, len);
+  if (p) return p->ctype;
+  return -1;
+}
+#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING && !( \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR == 17 && \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY == 0 && \
+      1)
+# error ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING mismatch
+#endif
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING "17.0.0"
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MAJOR 17
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_MINOR 0
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_TEENY 0
+#if defined ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING && !( \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MAJOR == 17 && \
+      ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MINOR == 0 && \
+      1)
+# error ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING mismatch
+#endif
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_STRING "17.0"
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MAJOR 17
+#define ONIG_UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION_MINOR 0
diff --git a/enc/us_ascii.c b/enc/us_ascii.c
index 08f9072c43..253ee69572 100644
--- a/enc/us_ascii.c
+++ b/enc/us_ascii.c
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(us_ascii, US_ASCII) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   ENCINDEX_US_ASCII,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/utf_16be.c b/enc/utf_16be.c
index f9dd7119d6..0086040b5d 100644
--- a/enc/utf_16be.c
+++ b/enc/utf_16be.c
@@ -249,7 +249,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(utf_16be, UTF_16BE) = {
   onigenc_utf16_32_get_ctype_code_range,
   utf16be_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_false_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_unicode_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_UNICODE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/utf_16le.c b/enc/utf_16le.c
index 2c8438d0be..ca0fce5387 100644
--- a/enc/utf_16le.c
+++ b/enc/utf_16le.c
@@ -242,7 +242,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(utf_16le, UTF_16LE) = {
   onigenc_utf16_32_get_ctype_code_range,
   utf16le_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_false_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_unicode_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_UNICODE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/utf_32be.c b/enc/utf_32be.c
index 17841e52a4..e05cfaf1b2 100644
--- a/enc/utf_32be.c
+++ b/enc/utf_32be.c
@@ -199,7 +199,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(utf_32be, UTF_32BE) = {
   onigenc_utf16_32_get_ctype_code_range,
   utf32be_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_false_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_unicode_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_UNICODE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/utf_32le.c b/enc/utf_32le.c
index 18b798f102..651efdcec5 100644
--- a/enc/utf_32le.c
+++ b/enc/utf_32le.c
@@ -199,7 +199,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(utf_32le, UTF_32LE) = {
   onigenc_utf16_32_get_ctype_code_range,
   utf32le_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_false_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_unicode_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_UNICODE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/utf_8.c b/enc/utf_8.c
index cdf2510d84..ae7c98469d 100644
--- a/enc/utf_8.c
+++ b/enc/utf_8.c
@@ -431,7 +431,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(utf_8, UTF_8) = {
   get_ctype_code_range,
   left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_unicode_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   ENCINDEX_UTF_8,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_UNICODE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1250.c b/enc/windows_1250.c
index daf23e9d1e..d38d50a01d 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1250.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1250.c
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ cp1250_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -239,6 +240,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1250, Windows_1250) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -257,7 +259,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1250, Windows_1250) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1251.c b/enc/windows_1251.c
index 6c892c1b8c..81641d0337 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1251.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1251.c
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ cp1251_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1251, Windows_1251) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -239,7 +241,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1251, Windows_1251) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1252.c b/enc/windows_1252.c
index b685878d3f..6aece95c0a 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1252.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1252.c
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ cp1252_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1252, Windows_1252) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -246,7 +248,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1252, Windows_1252) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1253.c b/enc/windows_1253.c
index b2a43581c3..c95ea3f41c 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1253.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1253.c
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 static int
 case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
 	 const OnigUChar* end, OnigUChar* to, OnigUChar* to_end,
@@ -272,6 +273,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1253, Windows_1253) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -290,7 +292,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1253, Windows_1253) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1254.c b/enc/windows_1254.c
index 5e6d92d3d2..c8d5991686 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1254.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1254.c
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 #define DOTLESS_i        (0xFD)
 #define I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE (0xDD)
 static int
@@ -277,6 +278,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1254, Windows_1254) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -295,7 +297,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1254, Windows_1254) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_1257.c b/enc/windows_1257.c
index ada03b72bf..def13c8c49 100644
--- a/enc/windows_1257.c
+++ b/enc/windows_1257.c
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ get_case_fold_codes_by_str(OnigCaseFoldType flag,
 	     flag, p, end, items);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
 #define DOTLESS_i        (0xB9)
 #define I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE (0xA9)
 static int
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ case_map(OnigCaseFoldType* flagP, const OnigUChar** pp,
   *flagP = flags;
   return (int )(to - to_start);
 }
+#endif
 
 OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1257, Windows_1257) = {
   onigenc_single_byte_mbc_enc_len,
@@ -297,7 +299,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_1257, Windows_1257) = {
   onigenc_not_support_get_ctype_code_range,
   onigenc_single_byte_left_adjust_char_head,
   onigenc_always_true_is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/enc/windows_31j.c b/enc/windows_31j.c
index 1eb859596a..cd8bd83fdd 100644
--- a/enc/windows_31j.c
+++ b/enc/windows_31j.c
@@ -48,7 +48,11 @@ OnigEncodingDefine(windows_31j, Windows_31J) = {
   get_ctype_code_range,
   left_adjust_char_head,
   is_allowed_reverse_match,
+#ifdef USE_CASE_MAP_API
   onigenc_ascii_only_case_map,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
   0,
   ONIGENC_FLAG_NONE,
 };
diff --git a/encoding.c b/encoding.c
index e6b49ef145..c17f118eef 100644
--- a/encoding.c
+++ b/encoding.c
@@ -24,10 +24,13 @@
 #include "internal/string.h"
 #include "internal/vm.h"
 #include "regenc.h"
+#include "ruby/atomic.h"
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "ruby/ractor.h"
 #include "ruby_assert.h"
 #include "vm_sync.h"
+#include "ruby_atomic.h"
 
 #ifndef ENC_DEBUG
 #define ENC_DEBUG 0
@@ -53,13 +56,14 @@ int rb_encdb_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig);
 #pragma GCC visibility pop
 #endif
 
-static ID id_encoding;
+static ID id_encoding, id_i_name;
 VALUE rb_cEncoding;
 
 #define ENCODING_LIST_CAPA 256
 static VALUE rb_encoding_list;
 
 struct rb_encoding_entry {
+    rb_atomic_t loaded;
     const char *name;
     rb_encoding *enc;
     rb_encoding *base;
@@ -93,15 +97,14 @@ static rb_encoding *global_enc_ascii,
                    *global_enc_utf_8,
                    *global_enc_us_ascii;
 
-#define GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table) struct enc_table *enc_table = &global_enc_table; RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER()
-#define GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE()                                                           RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE()
-#define GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_EVAL(enc_table, expr) do { \
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table); \
-    { \
-        expr; \
-    } \
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE(); \
-} while (0)
+static int filesystem_encindex = ENCINDEX_ASCII_8BIT;
+static rb_atomic_t locale_alias_registered;
+
+#define GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(tbl) \
+    for (struct enc_table *tbl = &global_enc_table, **locking = &tbl; \
+         locking; \
+         locking = NULL) \
+        RB_VM_LOCKING()
 
 
 #define ENC_DUMMY_FLAG (1<<24)
@@ -123,8 +126,9 @@ static const rb_data_type_t encoding_data_type = {
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
-#define is_data_encoding(obj) (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) && RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == &encoding_data_type)
-#define is_obj_encoding(obj) (RB_TYPE_P((obj), T_DATA) && is_data_encoding(obj))
+#define is_encoding_type(obj) (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == &encoding_data_type)
+#define is_data_encoding(obj) is_encoding_type(obj)
+#define is_obj_encoding(obj) (rbimpl_obj_typeddata_p(obj) && is_encoding_type(obj))
 
 int
 rb_data_is_encoding(VALUE obj)
@@ -136,8 +140,8 @@ static VALUE
 enc_new(rb_encoding *encoding)
 {
     VALUE enc = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cEncoding, &encoding_data_type, (void *)encoding);
-    rb_obj_freeze(enc);
-    FL_SET_RAW(enc, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE);
+    rb_ivar_set(enc, id_i_name, rb_fstring_cstr(encoding->name));
+    RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(enc);
     return enc;
 }
 
@@ -146,10 +150,16 @@ enc_list_update(int index, rb_raw_encoding *encoding)
 {
     RUBY_ASSERT(index < ENCODING_LIST_CAPA);
 
-    VALUE list = rb_encoding_list;
+    VALUE list = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_LOAD(rb_encoding_list);
+
     if (list && NIL_P(rb_ary_entry(list, index))) {
+        VALUE new_list = rb_ary_dup(list);
+        RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(new_list);
         /* initialize encoding data */
-        rb_ary_store(list, index, enc_new(encoding));
+        rb_ary_store(new_list, index, enc_new(encoding));
+        rb_ary_freeze(new_list);
+        FL_SET_RAW(new_list, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE);
+        RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_SET(rb_encoding_list, new_list);
     }
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ enc_list_lookup(int idx)
     VALUE list, enc = Qnil;
 
     if (idx < ENCODING_LIST_CAPA) {
-        list = rb_encoding_list;
+        list = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_LOAD(rb_encoding_list);
         RUBY_ASSERT(list);
         enc = rb_ary_entry(list, idx);
     }
@@ -217,7 +227,7 @@ enc_check_encoding(VALUE obj)
     if (!is_obj_encoding(obj)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    return check_encoding(RDATA(obj)->data);
+    return check_encoding(RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj));
 }
 
 NORETURN(static void not_encoding(VALUE enc));
@@ -235,7 +245,7 @@ must_encoding(VALUE enc)
     if (index < 0) {
         not_encoding(enc);
     }
-    return DATA_PTR(enc);
+    return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(enc);
 }
 
 static rb_encoding *
@@ -246,20 +256,21 @@ must_encindex(int index)
         rb_raise(rb_eEncodingError, "encoding index out of bound: %d",
                  index);
     }
-    if (ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc) != (int)(index & ENC_INDEX_MASK)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eEncodingError, "wrong encoding index %d for %s (expected %d)",
-                 index, rb_enc_name(enc), ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc));
-    }
     if (rb_enc_autoload_p(enc) && rb_enc_autoload(enc) == -1) {
         rb_loaderror("failed to load encoding (%s)",
                      rb_enc_name(enc));
     }
+    if (ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc) != (int)(index & ENC_INDEX_MASK)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eEncodingError, "wrong encoding index %d for %s (expected %d)",
+                 index, rb_enc_name(enc), ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc));
+    }
     return enc;
 }
 
 int
 rb_to_encoding_index(VALUE enc)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking(); // can load encoding, so must not hold VM lock
     int idx;
     const char *name;
 
@@ -322,7 +333,7 @@ str_to_encoding(VALUE enc)
 rb_encoding *
 rb_to_encoding(VALUE enc)
 {
-    if (enc_check_encoding(enc) >= 0) return RDATA(enc)->data;
+    if (enc_check_encoding(enc) >= 0) return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(enc);
     return str_to_encoding(enc);
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ rb_encoding *
 rb_find_encoding(VALUE enc)
 {
     int idx;
-    if (enc_check_encoding(enc) >= 0) return RDATA(enc)->data;
+    if (enc_check_encoding(enc) >= 0) return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(enc);
     idx = str_find_encindex(enc);
     if (idx < 0) return NULL;
     return rb_enc_from_index(idx);
@@ -345,41 +356,81 @@ enc_table_expand(struct enc_table *enc_table, int newsize)
     return newsize;
 }
 
+/* Load an encoding using the values from base_encoding */
+static void
+enc_load_from_base(struct enc_table *enc_table, int index, rb_encoding *base_encoding)
+{
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
+
+    struct rb_encoding_entry *ent = &enc_table->list[index];
+
+    if (ent->loaded) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    rb_raw_encoding *encoding = (rb_raw_encoding *)ent->enc;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(encoding);
+
+    // FIXME: Before the base is loaded, the encoding may be accessed
+    // concurrently by other Ractors.
+    // We're copying all fields from base_encoding except name and
+    // ruby_encoding_index which we preserve from the original. Since these are
+    // the only fields other threads should read it is likely safe despite
+    // technically being a data race.
+    rb_raw_encoding tmp_encoding = *base_encoding;
+    tmp_encoding.name = encoding->name;
+    tmp_encoding.ruby_encoding_index = encoding->ruby_encoding_index;
+    *encoding = tmp_encoding;
+
+    RUBY_ATOMIC_SET(ent->loaded, encoding->max_enc_len);
+}
+
 static int
 enc_register_at(struct enc_table *enc_table, int index, const char *name, rb_encoding *base_encoding)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
+
     struct rb_encoding_entry *ent = &enc_table->list[index];
     rb_raw_encoding *encoding;
 
-    if (!valid_encoding_name_p(name)) return -1;
-    if (!ent->name) {
-        ent->name = name = strdup(name);
-    }
-    else if (STRCASECMP(name, ent->name)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    encoding = (rb_raw_encoding *)ent->enc;
-    if (!encoding) {
-        encoding = xmalloc(sizeof(rb_encoding));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!ent->loaded);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!ent->name);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!ent->enc);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!ent->base);
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(valid_encoding_name_p(name));
+
+    ent->name = name = strdup(name);
+
+    encoding = ZALLOC(rb_raw_encoding);
+    encoding->name = name;
+    encoding->ruby_encoding_index = index;
+    ent->enc = encoding;
+
+    if (st_insert(enc_table->names, (st_data_t)name, (st_data_t)index)) {
+        rb_bug("encoding name was somehow registered twice");
     }
+
+    enc_list_update(index, encoding);
+
     if (base_encoding) {
-        *encoding = *base_encoding;
+        enc_load_from_base(enc_table, index, base_encoding);
     }
     else {
-        memset(encoding, 0, sizeof(*ent->enc));
+        /* it should not be loaded yet */
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!encoding->max_enc_len);
     }
-    encoding->name = name;
-    encoding->ruby_encoding_index = index;
-    ent->enc = encoding;
-    st_insert(enc_table->names, (st_data_t)name, (st_data_t)index);
 
-    enc_list_update(index, encoding);
     return index;
 }
 
 static int
 enc_register(struct enc_table *enc_table, const char *name, rb_encoding *encoding)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
+
+    if (!valid_encoding_name_p(name)) return -1;
+
     int index = enc_table->count;
 
     enc_table->count = enc_table_expand(enc_table, index + 1);
@@ -395,7 +446,9 @@ enc_from_index(struct enc_table *enc_table, int index)
     if (UNLIKELY(index < 0 || enc_table->count <= (index &= ENC_INDEX_MASK))) {
         return 0;
     }
-    return enc_table->list[index].enc;
+    rb_encoding *enc = enc_table->list[index].enc;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc) == index);
+    return enc;
 }
 
 rb_encoding *
@@ -409,8 +462,7 @@ rb_enc_register(const char *name, rb_encoding *encoding)
 {
     int index;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         index = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
 
         if (index >= 0) {
@@ -419,7 +471,7 @@ rb_enc_register(const char *name, rb_encoding *encoding)
                 index = enc_register(enc_table, name, encoding);
             }
             else if (rb_enc_autoload_p(oldenc) || !ENC_DUMMY_P(oldenc)) {
-                enc_register_at(enc_table, index, name, encoding);
+                enc_load_from_base(enc_table, index, encoding);
             }
             else {
                 rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "encoding %s is already registered", name);
@@ -430,13 +482,13 @@ rb_enc_register(const char *name, rb_encoding *encoding)
             set_encoding_const(name, rb_enc_from_index(index));
         }
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
     return index;
 }
 
 int
 enc_registered(struct enc_table *enc_table, const char *name)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
     st_data_t idx = 0;
 
     if (!name) return -1;
@@ -447,18 +499,26 @@ enc_registered(struct enc_table *enc_table, const char *name)
     return -1;
 }
 
+int
+rb_enc_registered(const char *name)
+{
+    int idx;
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        idx = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
+    }
+    return idx;
+}
+
 void
 rb_encdb_declare(const char *name)
 {
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         int idx = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
         if (idx < 0) {
             idx = enc_register(enc_table, name, 0);
         }
         set_encoding_const(name, rb_enc_from_index(idx));
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 }
 
 static void
@@ -490,13 +550,11 @@ set_base_encoding(struct enc_table *enc_table, int index, rb_encoding *base)
 void
 rb_enc_set_base(const char *name, const char *orig)
 {
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         int idx = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
         int origidx = enc_registered(enc_table, orig);
         set_base_encoding(enc_table, idx, rb_enc_from_index(origidx));
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 }
 
 /* for encdb.h
@@ -530,7 +588,7 @@ enc_replicate_with_index(struct enc_table *enc_table, const char *name, rb_encod
         idx = enc_register(enc_table, name, origenc);
     }
     else {
-        idx = enc_register_at(enc_table, idx, name, origenc);
+        enc_load_from_base(enc_table, idx, origenc);
     }
     if (idx >= 0) {
         set_base_encoding(enc_table, idx, origenc);
@@ -547,8 +605,7 @@ rb_encdb_replicate(const char *name, const char *orig)
 {
     int r;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         int origidx = enc_registered(enc_table, orig);
         int idx = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
 
@@ -557,7 +614,6 @@ rb_encdb_replicate(const char *name, const char *orig)
         }
         r = enc_replicate_with_index(enc_table, name, rb_enc_from_index(origidx), idx);
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return r;
 }
@@ -567,13 +623,11 @@ rb_define_dummy_encoding(const char *name)
 {
     int index;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         index = enc_replicate(enc_table, name, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
         rb_encoding *enc = enc_table->list[index].enc;
         ENC_SET_DUMMY((rb_raw_encoding *)enc);
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return index;
 }
@@ -583,15 +637,13 @@ rb_encdb_dummy(const char *name)
 {
     int index;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         index = enc_replicate_with_index(enc_table, name,
                                          rb_ascii8bit_encoding(),
                                          enc_registered(enc_table, name));
         rb_encoding *enc = enc_table->list[index].enc;
         ENC_SET_DUMMY((rb_raw_encoding *)enc);
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return index;
 }
@@ -653,6 +705,7 @@ enc_dup_name(st_data_t name)
 static int
 enc_alias_internal(struct enc_table *enc_table, const char *alias, int idx)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
     return st_insert2(enc_table->names, (st_data_t)alias, (st_data_t)idx,
                       enc_dup_name);
 }
@@ -670,18 +723,16 @@ int
 rb_enc_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig)
 {
     int idx, r;
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        enc_check_addable(enc_table, alias); // can raise
+    }
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
-        enc_check_addable(enc_table, alias);
-        if ((idx = rb_enc_find_index(orig)) < 0) {
-            r =  -1;
-        }
-        else {
-            r = enc_alias(enc_table, alias, idx);
-        }
+    idx = rb_enc_find_index(orig);
+    if (idx < 0) return -1;
+
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        r = enc_alias(enc_table, alias, idx);
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return r;
 }
@@ -691,8 +742,7 @@ rb_encdb_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig)
 {
     int r;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         int idx = enc_registered(enc_table, orig);
 
         if (idx < 0) {
@@ -700,7 +750,6 @@ rb_encdb_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig)
         }
         r = enc_alias(enc_table, alias, idx);
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return r;
 }
@@ -708,6 +757,7 @@ rb_encdb_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig)
 static void
 rb_enc_init(struct enc_table *enc_table)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
     enc_table_expand(enc_table, ENCODING_COUNT + 1);
     if (!enc_table->names) {
         enc_table->names = st_init_strcasetable_with_size(ENCODING_LIST_CAPA);
@@ -748,6 +798,7 @@ int rb_require_internal_silent(VALUE fname);
 static int
 load_encoding(const char *name)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking();
     VALUE enclib = rb_sprintf("enc/%s.so", name);
     VALUE debug = ruby_debug;
     VALUE errinfo;
@@ -763,12 +814,11 @@ load_encoding(const char *name)
     enclib = rb_fstring(enclib);
     ruby_debug = Qfalse;
     errinfo = rb_errinfo();
-    loaded = rb_require_internal_silent(enclib);
+    loaded = rb_require_internal_silent(enclib); // must run without VM_LOCK
     ruby_debug = debug;
     rb_set_errinfo(errinfo);
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         if (loaded < 0 || 1 < loaded) {
             idx = -1;
         }
@@ -779,51 +829,73 @@ load_encoding(const char *name)
             idx = -1;
         }
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return idx;
 }
 
 static int
-enc_autoload_body(struct enc_table *enc_table, rb_encoding *enc)
+enc_autoload_body(rb_encoding *enc)
 {
-    rb_encoding *base = enc_table->list[ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc)].base;
+    rb_encoding *base;
+    int i = 0;
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking();
+
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        base = enc_table->list[ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc)].base;
+    }
 
     if (base) {
-        int i = 0;
-        do {
-            if (i >= enc_table->count) return -1;
-        } while (enc_table->list[i].enc != base && (++i, 1));
+        bool do_register = true;
         if (rb_enc_autoload_p(base)) {
-            if (rb_enc_autoload(base) < 0) return -1;
+            if (rb_enc_autoload(base) < 0) {
+                do_register = false;
+                i = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (do_register) {
+            GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+                i = ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc);
+                enc_load_from_base(enc_table, i, base);
+                RUBY_ASSERT(((rb_raw_encoding *)enc)->ruby_encoding_index == i);
+            }
         }
-        i = enc->ruby_encoding_index;
-        enc_register_at(enc_table, i & ENC_INDEX_MASK, rb_enc_name(enc), base);
-        ((rb_raw_encoding *)enc)->ruby_encoding_index = i;
-        i &= ENC_INDEX_MASK;
-        return i;
     }
     else {
-        return -2;
+        i = -2;
     }
+
+    return i;
 }
 
 int
 rb_enc_autoload(rb_encoding *enc)
 {
-    int i;
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_EVAL(enc_table, i = enc_autoload_body(enc_table, enc));
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking();
+    int i = enc_autoload_body(enc);
     if (i == -2) {
         i = load_encoding(rb_enc_name(enc));
     }
     return i;
 }
 
+bool
+rb_enc_autoload_p(rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    int idx = ENC_TO_ENCINDEX(enc);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_enc_from_index(idx) == enc);
+    return !RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(global_enc_table.list[idx].loaded);
+}
+
 /* Return encoding index or UNSPECIFIED_ENCODING from encoding name */
 int
 rb_enc_find_index(const char *name)
 {
-    int i = enc_registered(&global_enc_table, name);
+    int i;
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking(); // it needs to be unlocked so it can call `load_encoding` if necessary
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        i = enc_registered(enc_table, name);
+    }
     rb_encoding *enc;
 
     if (i < 0) {
@@ -996,7 +1068,6 @@ rb_enc_associate_index(VALUE obj, int idx)
     rb_encoding *enc;
     int oldidx, oldtermlen, termlen;
 
-/*    enc_check_capable(obj);*/
     rb_check_frozen(obj);
     oldidx = rb_enc_get_index(obj);
     if (oldidx == idx)
@@ -1154,9 +1225,12 @@ rb_enc_copy(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj.encoding   -> encoding
+ *     encoding -> encoding
+ *
+ *  Returns an Encoding object that represents the encoding of +self+;
+ *  see {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc].
  *
- *  Returns the Encoding object that represents the encoding of obj.
+ *  Related: see {Querying}[rdoc-ref:String@Querying].
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -1273,10 +1347,10 @@ enc_inspect(VALUE self)
 {
     rb_encoding *enc;
 
-    if (!is_data_encoding(self)) {
+    if (!is_obj_encoding(self)) { /* do not resolve autoload */
         not_encoding(self);
     }
-    if (!(enc = DATA_PTR(self)) || rb_enc_from_index(rb_enc_to_index(enc)) != enc) {
+    if (!(enc = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(self)) || rb_enc_from_index(rb_enc_to_index(enc)) != enc) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "broken Encoding");
     }
 
@@ -1287,20 +1361,6 @@ enc_inspect(VALUE self)
                           rb_enc_autoload_p(enc) ? " (autoload)" : "");
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   enc.name -> string
- *   enc.to_s -> string
- *
- * Returns the name of the encoding.
- *
- *   Encoding::UTF_8.name      #=> "UTF-8"
- */
-static VALUE
-enc_name(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_fstring_cstr(rb_enc_name((rb_encoding*)DATA_PTR(self)));
-}
 
 static int
 enc_names_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t idx, st_data_t args)
@@ -1329,7 +1389,10 @@ enc_names(VALUE self)
 
     args[0] = (VALUE)rb_to_encoding_index(self);
     args[1] = rb_ary_new2(0);
-    st_foreach(global_enc_table.names, enc_names_i, (st_data_t)args);
+
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        st_foreach(enc_table->names, enc_names_i, (st_data_t)args);
+    }
     return args[1];
 }
 
@@ -1354,9 +1417,8 @@ enc_names(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 enc_list(VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(0);
-    rb_ary_replace(ary, rb_encoding_list);
-    return ary;
+    VALUE list = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_LOAD(rb_encoding_list);
+    return rb_ary_dup(list);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1442,7 +1504,7 @@ static VALUE
 enc_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    return enc_name(self);
+    return rb_attr_get(self, id_i_name);
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
@@ -1500,20 +1562,24 @@ int rb_locale_charmap_index(void);
 int
 rb_locale_encindex(void)
 {
+    // `rb_locale_charmap_index` can call `enc_find_index`, which can
+    // load an encoding. This needs to be done without VM lock held.
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking();
     int idx = rb_locale_charmap_index();
 
     if (idx < 0) idx = ENCINDEX_UTF_8;
 
-    if (enc_registered(&global_enc_table, "locale") < 0) {
+    if (!RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(locale_alias_registered)) {
+        GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+            if (enc_registered(enc_table, "locale") < 0) {
 # if defined _WIN32
-        void Init_w32_codepage(void);
-        Init_w32_codepage();
+                void Init_w32_codepage(void);
+                Init_w32_codepage();
 # endif
-        GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-        {
-            enc_alias_internal(enc_table, "locale", idx);
+                enc_alias_internal(enc_table, "locale", idx);
+            }
+            RUBY_ATOMIC_SET(locale_alias_registered, 1);
         }
-        GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
     }
 
     return idx;
@@ -1528,9 +1594,7 @@ rb_locale_encoding(void)
 int
 rb_filesystem_encindex(void)
 {
-    int idx = enc_registered(&global_enc_table, "filesystem");
-    if (idx < 0) idx = ENCINDEX_ASCII_8BIT;
-    return idx;
+    return filesystem_encindex;
 }
 
 rb_encoding *
@@ -1555,8 +1619,13 @@ enc_set_default_encoding(struct default_encoding *def, VALUE encoding, const cha
         /* Already set */
         overridden = TRUE;
 
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_ENTER(enc_table);
-    {
+    int index = 0;
+    if (!NIL_P(encoding)) {
+        enc_check_encoding(encoding); // loads it if necessary. Needs to be done outside of VM lock.
+        index = rb_enc_to_index(rb_to_encoding(encoding));
+    }
+
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
         if (NIL_P(encoding)) {
             def->index = -1;
             def->enc = 0;
@@ -1571,16 +1640,17 @@ enc_set_default_encoding(struct default_encoding *def, VALUE encoding, const cha
                       (st_data_t)UNSPECIFIED_ENCODING);
         }
         else {
-            def->index = rb_enc_to_index(rb_to_encoding(encoding));
+            def->index = index;
             def->enc = 0;
             enc_alias_internal(enc_table, name, def->index);
         }
 
         if (def == &default_external) {
-            enc_alias_internal(enc_table, "filesystem", Init_enc_set_filesystem_encoding());
+            int fs_idx = Init_enc_set_filesystem_encoding();
+            enc_alias_internal(enc_table, "filesystem", fs_idx);
+            filesystem_encindex = fs_idx;
         }
     }
-    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LEAVE();
 
     return overridden;
 }
@@ -1827,8 +1897,11 @@ rb_enc_name_list_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t idx, st_data_t arg)
 static VALUE
 rb_enc_name_list(VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(global_enc_table.names->num_entries);
-    st_foreach(global_enc_table.names, rb_enc_name_list_i, (st_data_t)ary);
+    VALUE ary;
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        ary = rb_ary_new2(enc_table->names->num_entries);
+        st_foreach(enc_table->names, rb_enc_name_list_i, (st_data_t)ary);
+    }
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -1874,7 +1947,9 @@ rb_enc_aliases(VALUE klass)
     aliases[0] = rb_hash_new();
     aliases[1] = rb_ary_new();
 
-    st_foreach(global_enc_table.names, rb_enc_aliases_enc_i, (st_data_t)aliases);
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        st_foreach(enc_table->names, rb_enc_aliases_enc_i, (st_data_t)aliases);
+    }
 
     return aliases[0];
 }
@@ -1916,12 +1991,19 @@ Init_Encoding(void)
     VALUE list;
     int i;
 
+    id_i_name = rb_intern_const("@name");
     rb_cEncoding = rb_define_class("Encoding", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cEncoding, enc_s_alloc);
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cEncoding), "new");
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "to_s", enc_name, 0);
+
+    /* The name of the encoding.
+     *
+     *   Encoding::UTF_8.name      #=> "UTF-8"
+     */
+    rb_attr(rb_cEncoding, rb_intern("name"), TRUE, FALSE, Qfalse);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cEncoding, "to_s", "name");
+
     rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "inspect", enc_inspect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "name", enc_name, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "names", enc_names, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "dummy?", enc_dummy_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cEncoding, "ascii_compatible?", enc_ascii_compatible_p, 0);
@@ -1942,9 +2024,9 @@ Init_Encoding(void)
 
     struct enc_table *enc_table = &global_enc_table;
 
+    rb_gc_register_address(&rb_encoding_list);
     list = rb_encoding_list = rb_ary_new2(ENCODING_LIST_CAPA);
     RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(list);
-    rb_vm_register_global_object(list);
 
     for (i = 0; i < enc_table->count; ++i) {
         rb_ary_push(list, enc_new(enc_table->list[i].enc));
@@ -1954,6 +2036,18 @@ Init_Encoding(void)
 }
 
 void
+Init_unicode_version(void)
+{
+    extern const char onigenc_unicode_version_string[];
+
+    VALUE str = rb_usascii_str_new_static(onigenc_unicode_version_string,
+                                          strlen(onigenc_unicode_version_string));
+    OBJ_FREEZE(str);
+    /* The supported Unicode version. */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cEncoding, "UNICODE_VERSION", str);
+}
+
+void
 Init_encodings(void)
 {
     rb_enc_init(&global_enc_table);
@@ -1964,5 +2058,7 @@ Init_encodings(void)
 void
 rb_enc_foreach_name(int (*func)(st_data_t name, st_data_t idx, st_data_t arg), st_data_t arg)
 {
-    st_foreach(global_enc_table.names, func, arg);
+    GLOBAL_ENC_TABLE_LOCKING(enc_table) {
+        st_foreach(enc_table->names, func, arg);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/enum.c b/enum.c
index adaa660001..a2941dd7dd 100644
--- a/enum.c
+++ b/enum.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ static VALUE
 enum_grep0(VALUE obj, VALUE pat, VALUE test)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-    struct MEMO *memo = MEMO_NEW(pat, ary, test);
+    struct MEMO *memo = rb_imemo_memo_new_value(pat, ary, test);
     rb_block_call_func_t fn;
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
         fn = grep_iter_i;
@@ -207,27 +207,32 @@ enum_grep_v(VALUE obj, VALUE pat)
     return enum_grep0(obj, pat, Qfalse);
 }
 
-#define COUNT_BIGNUM IMEMO_FL_USER0
-#define MEMO_V3_SET(m, v) RB_OBJ_WRITE((m), &(m)->u3.value, (v))
+static inline void
+MEMO_V3_SET(struct MEMO *m, VALUE v)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(m, &m->u3.value, v);
+    m->flags |= MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE;
+}
 
 static void
 imemo_count_up(struct MEMO *memo)
 {
-    if (memo->flags & COUNT_BIGNUM) {
+    if (memo->flags & MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(memo->u3.value, T_BIGNUM));
         MEMO_V3_SET(memo, rb_int_succ(memo->u3.value));
     }
     else if (++memo->u3.cnt == 0) {
         /* overflow */
         unsigned long buf[2] = {0, 1};
         MEMO_V3_SET(memo, rb_big_unpack(buf, 2));
-        memo->flags |= COUNT_BIGNUM;
     }
 }
 
 static VALUE
 imemo_count_value(struct MEMO *memo)
 {
-    if (memo->flags & COUNT_BIGNUM) {
+    if (memo->flags & MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(memo->u3.value, T_BIGNUM));
         return memo->u3.value;
     }
     else {
@@ -317,14 +322,15 @@ enum_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
         func = count_i;
     }
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(item, 0, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(item, 0, 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, func, (VALUE)memo);
     return imemo_count_value(memo);
 }
 
 NORETURN(static void found(VALUE i, VALUE memop));
 static void
-found(VALUE i, VALUE memop) {
+found(VALUE i, VALUE memop)
+{
     struct MEMO *memo = MEMO_CAST(memop);
     MEMO_V1_SET(memo, i);
     memo->u3.cnt = 1;
@@ -381,7 +387,7 @@ enum_find(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 
     if_none = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
     RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv);
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(Qundef, 0, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(Qundef, 0, 0);
     if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable())
         rb_block_call2(obj, id_each, 0, 0, find_i_fast, (VALUE)memo, RB_BLOCK_NO_USE_PACKED_ARGS);
     else
@@ -466,7 +472,7 @@ enum_find_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
         func = find_index_i;
     }
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(Qnil, condition_value, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(Qnil, condition_value, 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, func, (VALUE)memo);
     return memo->v1;
 }
@@ -1083,7 +1089,7 @@ enum_inject(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
         return ary_inject_op(obj, init, op);
     }
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(init, Qnil, op);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new_value(init, Qnil, op);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, iter, (VALUE)memo);
     if (UNDEF_P(memo->v1)) return Qnil;
     return memo->v1;
@@ -1141,7 +1147,7 @@ enum_partition(VALUE obj)
 
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0, enum_size);
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(rb_ary_new(), rb_ary_new(), 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(rb_ary_new(), rb_ary_new(), 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, partition_i, (VALUE)memo);
 
     return rb_assoc_new(memo->v1, memo->v2);
@@ -1214,14 +1220,15 @@ tally_up(st_data_t *group, st_data_t *value, st_data_t arg, int existing)
         RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, tally);
     }
     *value = (st_data_t)tally;
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(*group)) RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, *group);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 rb_enum_tally_up(VALUE hash, VALUE group)
 {
-    rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, group, tally_up, (st_data_t)hash);
+    if (!rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, group, tally_up, (st_data_t)hash)) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, group);
+    }
     return hash;
 }
 
@@ -1343,7 +1350,7 @@ enum_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
         return enum_take(obj, argv[0]);
     }
     else {
-        memo = MEMO_NEW(Qnil, 0, 0);
+        memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(Qnil, 0, 0);
         rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, first_i, (VALUE)memo);
         return memo->v1;
     }
@@ -1720,7 +1727,7 @@ enum_sort_by(VALUE obj)
     RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary);
     buf = rb_ary_hidden_new(SORT_BY_BUFSIZE*2);
     rb_ary_store(buf, SORT_BY_BUFSIZE*2-1, Qnil);
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(0, 0, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(0, 0, 0);
     data = (struct sort_by_data *)&memo->v1;
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(memo, &data->ary, ary);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(memo, &data->buf, buf);
@@ -1764,7 +1771,7 @@ enum_sort_by(VALUE obj)
 #define ENUM_BLOCK_CALL(name) \
     rb_block_call2(obj, id_each, 0, 0, ENUMFUNC(name), (VALUE)memo, rb_block_given_p() && rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable() ? RB_BLOCK_NO_USE_PACKED_ARGS : 0);
 
-#define MEMO_ENUM_NEW(v1) (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1), MEMO_NEW((v1), (argc ? *argv : 0), 0))
+#define MEMO_ENUM_NEW(v1) (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1), rb_imemo_memo_new((v1), (argc ? *argv : 0), 0))
 
 #define DEFINE_ENUMFUNCS(name) \
 static VALUE enum_##name##_func(VALUE result, struct MEMO *memo); \
@@ -2752,7 +2759,7 @@ enum_min_by(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     if (argc && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
         return rb_nmin_run(obj, num, 1, 0, 0);
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(Qundef, Qnil, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(Qundef, Qnil, 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, min_by_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return memo->v2;
 }
@@ -2826,7 +2833,7 @@ enum_max_by(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     if (argc && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
         return rb_nmin_run(obj, num, 1, 1, 0);
 
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(Qundef, Qnil, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(Qundef, Qnil, 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, max_by_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return memo->v2;
 }
@@ -2977,7 +2984,7 @@ member_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(iter, args))
 static VALUE
 enum_member(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
 {
-    struct MEMO *memo = MEMO_NEW(val, Qfalse, 0);
+    struct MEMO *memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(val, Qfalse, 0);
 
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, member_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return memo->v2;
@@ -3229,7 +3236,7 @@ enum_each_slice(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
     size = limit_by_enum_size(obj, size);
     ary = rb_ary_new2(size);
     arity = rb_block_arity();
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(ary, dont_recycle_block_arg(arity), size);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(ary, dont_recycle_block_arg(arity), size);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, each_slice_i, (VALUE)memo);
     ary = memo->v1;
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 0) rb_yield(ary);
@@ -3305,7 +3312,7 @@ enum_each_cons(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(obj, 1, &n, enum_each_cons_size);
     arity = rb_block_arity();
     if (enum_size_over_p(obj, size)) return obj;
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(rb_ary_new2(size), dont_recycle_block_arg(arity), size);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(rb_ary_new2(size), dont_recycle_block_arg(arity), size);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, each_cons_i, (VALUE)memo);
 
     return obj;
@@ -3534,7 +3541,7 @@ enum_zip(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     }
 
     /* TODO: use NODE_DOT2 as memo(v, v, -) */
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(result, args, 0);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(result, args, 0);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, allary ? zip_ary : zip_i, (VALUE)memo);
 
     return result;
@@ -3577,7 +3584,7 @@ enum_take(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
 
     if (len == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
     result = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(result, 0, len);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(result, 0, len);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return result;
 }
@@ -3665,7 +3672,7 @@ enum_drop(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
     }
 
     result = rb_ary_new();
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(result, 0, len);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(result, 0, len);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, drop_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return result;
 }
@@ -3703,6 +3710,17 @@ drop_while_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, args))
  *
  *  With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
  *
+ *    e = (1..4).drop_while
+ *    p e #=> #<Enumerator: 1..4:drop_while>
+ *    i = e.next; p i; e.feed(i < 3) #=> 1
+ *    i = e.next; p i; e.feed(i < 3) #=> 2
+ *    i = e.next; p i; e.feed(i < 3) #=> 3
+ *    begin
+ *      e.next
+ *    rescue StopIteration
+ *      p $!.result #=> [3, 4]
+ *    end
+ *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3713,7 +3731,7 @@ enum_drop_while(VALUE obj)
 
     RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
     result = rb_ary_new();
-    memo = MEMO_NEW(result, 0, FALSE);
+    memo = rb_imemo_memo_new(result, 0, FALSE);
     rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, drop_while_i, (VALUE)memo);
     return result;
 }
@@ -3933,7 +3951,7 @@ chunk_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(yielder, enumerator))
  *    ["F", 6860]
  *
  *  You can use the special symbol <tt>:_alone</tt> to force an element
- *  into its own separate chuck:
+ *  into its own separate chunk:
  *
  *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1]
  *    e = a.chunk{|i| i.even? ? :_alone : true }
@@ -5107,6 +5125,82 @@ enum_compact(VALUE obj)
  *   For some methods, though, the usage would not make sense,
  *   and so it is not shown.  Example: #tally would find exactly one of each Hash entry.
  *
+ * == Extended Methods
+ *
+ * A Enumerable class may define extended methods. This section describes the standard
+ * behavior of extension methods for reference purposes.
+ *
+ * === #size
+ *
+ * \Enumerator has a #size method.
+ * It uses the size function argument passed to +Enumerator.new+.
+ *
+ *   e = Enumerator.new(-> { 3 }) {|y| p y; y.yield :a; y.yield :b; y.yield :c; :z }
+ *   p e.size #=> 3
+ *   p e.next #=> :a
+ *   p e.next #=> :b
+ *   p e.next #=> :c
+ *   begin
+ *     e.next
+ *   rescue StopIteration
+ *     p $!.result #=> :z
+ *   end
+ *
+ * The result of the size function should represent the number of iterations
+ * (i.e., the number of times you yield to the block argument).
+ * In the above example, the block calls #yield three times, and
+ * the size function, +-> { 3 }+, returns 3 accordingly.
+ * The result of the size function can be an integer, +Float::INFINITY+,
+ * or +nil+.
+ * An integer means the exact number of times #yield will be called,
+ * as shown above.
+ * +Float::INFINITY+ indicates an infinite number of #yield calls.
+ * +nil+ means the number of #yield calls is difficult or impossible to
+ * determine.
+ *
+ * Many iteration methods return an \Enumerator object with an
+ * appropriate size function if no block is given.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *   ["a", "b", "c"].each.size #=> 3
+ *   {a: "x", b: "y", c: "z"}.each.size #=> 3
+ *   (0..20).to_a.permutation.size #=> 51090942171709440000
+ *   loop.size #=> Float::INFINITY
+ *   (1..100).drop_while.size #=> nil  # size depends on the block's behavior
+ *   STDIN.each.size #=> nil # cannot be computed without consuming input
+ *   File.open("/etc/resolv.conf").each.size #=> nil # cannot be computed without reading the file
+ *
+ * The behavior of #size for Range-based enumerators depends on the #begin element:
+ *
+ * - If the #begin element is an Integer, the #size method returns an Integer or +Float::INFINITY+.
+ * - If the #begin element is an object with a #succ method (other than Integer), #size returns +nil+.
+ *   (Computing the size would require repeatedly calling #succ, which may be too slow.)
+ * - If the #begin element does not have a #succ method, #size raises a TypeError.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *   (10..42).each.size #=> 33
+ *   (10..42.9).each.size #=> 33 (the #end element may be a non-integer numeric)
+ *   (10..).each.size #=> Float::INFINITY
+ *   ("a".."z").each.size #=> nil
+ *   ("a"..).each.size #=> nil
+ *   (1.0..9.0).each.size # raises TypeError (Float does not have #succ)
+ *   (..10).each.size # raises TypeError (beginless range has nil as its #begin)
+ *
+ * The \Enumerable module itself does not define a #size method.
+ * A class that includes \Enumerable may define its own #size method.
+ * It is recommended that such a #size method be consistent with
+ * Enumerator#size.
+ *
+ * Array and Hash implement #size and return values consistent with
+ * Enumerator#size.
+ * IO and Dir do not define #size, which is also consistent because the
+ * corresponding enumerator's size function returns +nil+.
+ *
+ * However, it is not strictly required for a class's #size method to match Enumerator#size.
+ * For example, File#size returns the number of bytes in the file, not the number of lines.
+ *
  */
 
 void
diff --git a/enumerator.c b/enumerator.c
index faaa77cb49..69c96b2d8f 100644
--- a/enumerator.c
+++ b/enumerator.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <float.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <limits.h>
 #include "id.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/class.h"
@@ -33,79 +34,93 @@
 /*
  * Document-class: Enumerator
  *
- * A class which allows both internal and external iteration.
+ * \Class \Enumerator supports:
  *
- * An Enumerator can be created by the following methods.
- * - Object#to_enum
- * - Object#enum_for
- * - Enumerator.new
+ * - {External iteration}[rdoc-ref:Enumerator@External+Iteration].
+ * - {Internal iteration}[rdoc-ref:Enumerator@Internal+Iteration].
  *
- * Most methods have two forms: a block form where the contents
- * are evaluated for each item in the enumeration, and a non-block form
- * which returns a new Enumerator wrapping the iteration.
+ * An \Enumerator may be created by the following methods:
  *
- *   enumerator = %w(one two three).each
- *   puts enumerator.class # => Enumerator
+ * - Object#to_enum.
+ * - Object#enum_for.
+ * - Enumerator.new.
  *
- *   enumerator.each_with_object("foo") do |item, obj|
- *     puts "#{obj}: #{item}"
- *   end
+ * In addition, certain Ruby methods return \Enumerator objects:
+ * a Ruby iterator method that accepts a block
+ * may return an \Enumerator if no block is given.
+ * There are many such methods, for example, in classes Array and Hash.
+ * (In the documentation for those classes, search for `new_enumerator`.)
  *
- *   # foo: one
- *   # foo: two
- *   # foo: three
+ * == Internal Iteration
  *
- *   enum_with_obj = enumerator.each_with_object("foo")
- *   puts enum_with_obj.class # => Enumerator
+ * In _internal iteration_, an iterator method drives the iteration
+ * and the caller's block handles the processing;
+ * this example uses method #each_with_index:
  *
- *   enum_with_obj.each do |item, obj|
- *     puts "#{obj}: #{item}"
- *   end
+ *   words = %w[foo bar baz] # => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+ *   enumerator = words.each # => #<Enumerator: ...>
+ *   enumerator.each_with_index {|word, i| puts "#{i}: #{word}" }
+ *   0: foo
+ *   1: bar
+ *   2: baz
  *
- *   # foo: one
- *   # foo: two
- *   # foo: three
+ * Iterator methods in class \Enumerator include:
  *
- * This allows you to chain Enumerators together.  For example, you
- * can map a list's elements to strings containing the index
- * and the element as a string via:
+ * - #each:
+ *   passes each item to the block.
+ * - #each_with_index:
+ *   passes each item and its index to the block.
+ * - #each_with_object (aliased as #with_object):
+ *   passes each item and a given object to the block.
+ * - #with_index:
+ *   like #each_with_index, but starting at a given offset (instead of zero).
  *
- *   puts %w[foo bar baz].map.with_index { |w, i| "#{i}:#{w}" }
- *   # => ["0:foo", "1:bar", "2:baz"]
+ * \Class \Enumerator includes module Enumerable,
+ * which provides many more iterator methods.
  *
  * == External Iteration
  *
- * An Enumerator can also be used as an external iterator.
- * For example, Enumerator#next returns the next value of the iterator
- * or raises StopIteration if the Enumerator is at the end.
- *
- *   e = [1,2,3].each   # returns an enumerator object.
- *   puts e.next   # => 1
- *   puts e.next   # => 2
- *   puts e.next   # => 3
- *   puts e.next   # raises StopIteration
- *
- * +next+, +next_values+, +peek+, and +peek_values+ are the only methods
- * which use external iteration (and Array#zip(Enumerable-not-Array) which uses +next+ internally).
- *
- * These methods do not affect other internal enumeration methods,
- * unless the underlying iteration method itself has side-effect, e.g. IO#each_line.
- *
- * FrozenError will be raised if these methods are called against a frozen enumerator.
- * Since +rewind+ and +feed+ also change state for external iteration,
- * these methods may raise FrozenError too.
- *
- * External iteration differs *significantly* from internal iteration
- * due to using a Fiber:
- * - The Fiber adds some overhead compared to internal enumeration.
- * - The stacktrace will only include the stack from the Enumerator, not above.
- * - Fiber-local variables are *not* inherited inside the Enumerator Fiber,
- *   which instead starts with no Fiber-local variables.
- * - Fiber storage variables *are* inherited and are designed
- *   to handle Enumerator Fibers. Assigning to a Fiber storage variable
- *   only affects the current Fiber, so if you want to change state
- *   in the caller Fiber of the Enumerator Fiber, you need to use an
- *   extra indirection (e.g., use some object in the Fiber storage
+ * In _external iteration_, the user's program both drives the iteration
+ * and handles the processing in stream-like fashion;
+ * this example uses method #next:
+ *
+ *   words = %w[foo bar baz]
+ *   enumerator = words.each
+ *   enumerator.next # => "foo"
+ *   enumerator.next # => "bar"
+ *   enumerator.next # => "baz"
+ *   enumerator.next # Raises StopIteration: iteration reached an end
+ *
+ * External iteration methods in class \Enumerator include:
+ *
+ * - #feed:
+ *   sets the value that is next to be returned.
+ * - #next:
+ *   returns the next value and increments the position.
+ * - #next_values:
+ *   returns the next value in a 1-element array and increments the position.
+ * - #peek:
+ *   returns the next value but does not increment the position.
+ * - #peek_values:
+ *   returns the next value in a 1-element array but does not increment the position.
+ * - #rewind:
+ *   sets the position to zero.
+ *
+ * Each of these methods raises FrozenError if called from a frozen \Enumerator.
+ *
+ * == External Iteration and \Fiber
+ *
+ * External iteration that uses Fiber differs *significantly* from internal iteration:
+ *
+ * - Using \Fiber adds some overhead compared to internal enumeration.
+ * - The stacktrace will only include the stack from the \Enumerator, not above.
+ * - \Fiber-local variables are *not* inherited inside the \Enumerator \Fiber,
+ *   which instead starts with no \Fiber-local variables.
+ * - \Fiber storage variables *are* inherited and are designed
+ *   to handle \Enumerator Fibers. Assigning to a \Fiber storage variable
+ *   only affects the current \Fiber, so if you want to change state
+ *   in the caller \Fiber of the \Enumerator \Fiber, you need to use an
+ *   extra indirection (e.g., use some object in the \Fiber storage
  *   variable and mutate some ivar of it).
  *
  * Concretely:
@@ -125,7 +140,7 @@
  *   e.each { p _1 }
  *   p Fiber[:storage_var] # => 2 (it ran in the same Fiber/"stack" as the current Fiber)
  *
- * == Convert External Iteration to Internal Iteration
+ * == Converting External Iteration to Internal Iteration
  *
  * You can use an external iterator to implement an internal iterator as follows:
  *
@@ -162,10 +177,9 @@
  */
 VALUE rb_cEnumerator;
 static VALUE rb_cLazy;
-static ID id_rewind, id_new, id_to_enum, id_each_entry;
+static ID id_rewind, id_to_enum, id_each_entry;
 static ID id_next, id_result, id_receiver, id_arguments, id_memo, id_method, id_force;
-static ID id_begin, id_end, id_step, id_exclude_end;
-static VALUE sym_each, sym_cycle, sym_yield;
+static VALUE sym_each, sym_yield;
 
 static VALUE lazy_use_super_method;
 
@@ -222,6 +236,7 @@ struct yielder {
 struct producer {
     VALUE init;
     VALUE proc;
+    VALUE size;
 };
 
 typedef struct MEMO *lazyenum_proc_func(VALUE, struct MEMO *, VALUE, long);
@@ -281,28 +296,20 @@ enumerator_ptr(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static void
-proc_entry_mark(void *p)
-{
-    struct proc_entry *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->proc);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->memo);
-}
-
-static void
-proc_entry_compact(void *p)
+proc_entry_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct proc_entry *ptr = p;
-    ptr->proc = rb_gc_location(ptr->proc);
-    ptr->memo = rb_gc_location(ptr->memo);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->proc);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->memo);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t proc_entry_data_type = {
     "proc_entry",
     {
-        proc_entry_mark,
+        proc_entry_mark_and_move,
         RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
         NULL, // Nothing allocated externally, so don't need a memsize function
-        proc_entry_compact,
+        proc_entry_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
@@ -452,28 +459,31 @@ convert_to_feasible_size_value(VALUE obj)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   Enumerator.new(size = nil) { |yielder| ... }
+ *   Enumerator.new(size = nil) {|yielder| ... }
  *
- * Creates a new Enumerator object, which can be used as an
- * Enumerable.
+ * Returns a new \Enumerator object that can be used for iteration.
  *
- * Iteration is defined by the given block, in
- * which a "yielder" object, given as block parameter, can be used to
- * yield a value by calling the +yield+ method (aliased as <code><<</code>):
+ * The given block defines the iteration;
+ * it is called with a "yielder" object that can yield an object
+ * via a call to method <tt>yielder.yield</tt>:
  *
- *   fib = Enumerator.new do |y|
- *     a = b = 1
- *     loop do
- *       y << a
- *       a, b = b, a + b
+ *   fib = Enumerator.new do |yielder|
+ *     n = next_n = 1
+ *     while true do
+ *       yielder.yield(n)
+ *       n, next_n = next_n, n + next_n
  *     end
  *   end
  *
  *   fib.take(10) # => [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
  *
- * The optional parameter can be used to specify how to calculate the size
- * in a lazy fashion (see Enumerator#size). It can either be a value or
- * a callable object.
+ * Parameter +size+ specifies how the size is to be calculated (see #size);
+ * it can either be a value or a callable object:
+ *
+ *   Enumerator.new{}.size          # => nil
+ *   Enumerator.new(42){}.size      # => 42
+ *   Enumerator.new(-> {42}){}.size # => 42
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
 enumerator_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
@@ -679,7 +689,7 @@ enumerator_with_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv, enumerator_enum_size);
     memo = (!argc || NIL_P(memo = argv[0])) ? INT2FIX(0) : rb_to_int(memo);
-    return enumerator_block_call(obj, enumerator_with_index_i, (VALUE)MEMO_NEW(memo, 0, 0));
+    return enumerator_block_call(obj, enumerator_with_index_i, (VALUE)rb_imemo_memo_new(memo, 0, 0));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1093,6 +1103,7 @@ enumerator_rewind(VALUE obj)
 
 static struct generator *generator_ptr(VALUE obj);
 static VALUE append_method(VALUE obj, VALUE str, ID default_method, VALUE default_args);
+static VALUE append_method_args(VALUE obj, VALUE str, VALUE default_args);
 
 static VALUE
 inspect_enumerator(VALUE obj, VALUE dummy, int recur)
@@ -1165,7 +1176,7 @@ kwd_append(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE str)
 static VALUE
 append_method(VALUE obj, VALUE str, ID default_method, VALUE default_args)
 {
-    VALUE method, eargs;
+    VALUE method;
 
     method = rb_attr_get(obj, id_method);
     if (method != Qfalse) {
@@ -1179,6 +1190,13 @@ append_method(VALUE obj, VALUE str, ID default_method, VALUE default_args)
         rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ":");
         rb_str_buf_append(str, method);
     }
+    return append_method_args(obj, str, default_args);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+append_method_args(VALUE obj, VALUE str, VALUE default_args)
+{
+    VALUE eargs;
 
     eargs = rb_attr_get(obj, id_arguments);
     if (NIL_P(eargs)) {
@@ -1208,10 +1226,11 @@ append_method(VALUE obj, VALUE str, ID default_method, VALUE default_args)
             if (!NIL_P(kwds)) {
                 rb_hash_foreach(kwds, kwd_append, str);
             }
-            rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-2);
+            rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-2); /* drop the last ", " */
             rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ")");
         }
     }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(eargs);
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -1238,6 +1257,24 @@ enumerator_inspect(VALUE obj)
  *   (1..100).to_a.permutation(4).size # => 94109400
  *   loop.size # => Float::INFINITY
  *   (1..100).drop_while.size # => nil
+ *
+ * Note that enumerator size might be inaccurate, and should be rather treated as a hint.
+ * For example, there is no check that the size provided to ::new is accurate:
+ *
+ *   e = Enumerator.new(5) { |y| 2.times { y << it} }
+ *   e.size # => 5
+ *   e.to_a.size # => 2
+ *
+ * Another example is an enumerator created by ::produce without a +size+ argument.
+ * Such enumerators return +Infinity+ for size, but this is inaccurate if the passed
+ * block raises StopIteration:
+ *
+ *   e = Enumerator.produce(1) { it + 1 }
+ *   e.size # => Infinity
+ *
+ *   e = Enumerator.produce(1) { it > 3 ? raise(StopIteration) : it + 1 }
+ *   e.size # => Infinity
+ *   e.to_a.size # => 4
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1281,26 +1318,19 @@ enumerator_size(VALUE obj)
  * Yielder
  */
 static void
-yielder_mark(void *p)
+yielder_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct yielder *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->proc);
-}
-
-static void
-yielder_compact(void *p)
-{
-    struct yielder *ptr = p;
-    ptr->proc = rb_gc_location(ptr->proc);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->proc);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t yielder_data_type = {
     "yielder",
     {
-        yielder_mark,
+        yielder_mark_and_move,
         RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
         NULL,
-        yielder_compact,
+        yielder_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
@@ -1411,28 +1441,20 @@ yielder_new(void)
  * Generator
  */
 static void
-generator_mark(void *p)
-{
-    struct generator *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->proc);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->obj);
-}
-
-static void
-generator_compact(void *p)
+generator_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct generator *ptr = p;
-    ptr->proc = rb_gc_location(ptr->proc);
-    ptr->obj = rb_gc_location(ptr->obj);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->proc);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->obj);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t generator_data_type = {
     "generator",
     {
-        generator_mark,
+        generator_mark_and_move,
         RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
         NULL,
-        generator_compact,
+        generator_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
@@ -1603,6 +1625,11 @@ lazy_init_block_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(val, m))
 #define LAZY_MEMO_SET_PACKED(memo) ((memo)->memo_flags |= LAZY_MEMO_PACKED)
 #define LAZY_MEMO_RESET_PACKED(memo) ((memo)->memo_flags &= ~LAZY_MEMO_PACKED)
 
+#define LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(func) \
+    if (!rb_block_given_p()) { \
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy " #func " without a block"); \
+    }
+
 static VALUE lazy_yielder_result(struct MEMO *result, VALUE yielder, VALUE procs_array, VALUE memos, long i);
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1613,7 +1640,7 @@ lazy_init_yielder(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(_, m))
     VALUE memos = rb_attr_get(yielder, id_memo);
     struct MEMO *result;
 
-    result = MEMO_NEW(m, rb_enum_values_pack(argc, argv),
+    result = rb_imemo_memo_new(m, rb_enum_values_pack(argc, argv),
                       argc > 1 ? LAZY_MEMO_PACKED : 0);
     return lazy_yielder_result(result, yielder, procs_array, memos, 0);
 }
@@ -1806,9 +1833,7 @@ lazy_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     VALUE generator;
 
     rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy new without a block");
-    }
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(new);
     obj = argv[0];
     if (argc > 1) {
         size = argv[1];
@@ -2066,10 +2091,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_map_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_map(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy map without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(map);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_map_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2151,10 +2173,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_flat_map_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_flat_map(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy flat_map without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(flat_map);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_flat_map_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2181,10 +2200,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_select_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_select(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy select without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(select);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_select_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2215,10 +2231,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_filter_map_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_filter_map(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy filter_map without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(filter_map);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_filter_map_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2244,10 +2257,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_reject_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_reject(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy reject without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(reject);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_reject_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2530,10 +2540,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_take_while_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_take_while(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy take_while without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(take_while);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_take_while_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2628,10 +2635,7 @@ static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_drop_while_funcs = {
 static VALUE
 lazy_drop_while(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy drop_while without a block");
-    }
-
+    LAZY_NEED_BLOCK(drop_while);
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qfalse, Qnil, &lazy_drop_while_funcs);
 }
 
@@ -2776,6 +2780,52 @@ lazy_with_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, memo, rb_ary_new_from_values(1, &memo), &lazy_with_index_funcs);
 }
 
+static struct MEMO *
+lazy_tap_each_proc(VALUE proc_entry, struct MEMO *result, VALUE memos, long memo_index)
+{
+    struct proc_entry *entry = proc_entry_ptr(proc_entry);
+
+    rb_proc_call_with_block(entry->proc, 1, &result->memo_value, Qnil);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static const lazyenum_funcs lazy_tap_each_funcs = {
+    lazy_tap_each_proc, 0,
+};
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     lazy.tap_each { |item| ... } -> lazy_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Passes each element through to the block for side effects only,
+ *  without modifying the element or affecting the enumeration.
+ *  Returns a new lazy enumerator.
+ *
+ *  This is useful for debugging or logging inside lazy chains,
+ *  without breaking laziness or misusing +map+.
+ *
+ *     (1..).lazy
+ *           .tap_each { |x| puts "got #{x}" }
+ *           .select(&:even?)
+ *           .first(3)
+ *     # prints: got 1, got 2, ..., got 6
+ *     # returns: [2, 4, 6]
+ *
+ *  Similar in intent to Java's Stream#peek.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+lazy_tap_each(VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (!rb_block_given_p())
+    {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to call lazy tap_each without a block");
+    }
+
+    return lazy_add_method(obj, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil, &lazy_tap_each_funcs);
+}
+
 #if 0 /* for RDoc */
 
 /*
@@ -2913,19 +2963,12 @@ stop_result(VALUE self)
  */
 
 static void
-producer_mark(void *p)
-{
-    struct producer *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->init);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->proc);
-}
-
-static void
-producer_compact(void *p)
+producer_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct producer *ptr = p;
-    ptr->init = rb_gc_location(ptr->init);
-    ptr->proc = rb_gc_location(ptr->proc);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->init);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->proc);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->size);
 }
 
 #define producer_free RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
@@ -2939,10 +2982,10 @@ producer_memsize(const void *p)
 static const rb_data_type_t producer_data_type = {
     "producer",
     {
-        producer_mark,
+        producer_mark_and_move,
         producer_free,
         producer_memsize,
-        producer_compact,
+        producer_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
@@ -2969,12 +3012,13 @@ producer_allocate(VALUE klass)
     obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct producer, &producer_data_type, ptr);
     ptr->init = Qundef;
     ptr->proc = Qundef;
+    ptr->size = Qnil;
 
     return obj;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-producer_init(VALUE obj, VALUE init, VALUE proc)
+producer_init(VALUE obj, VALUE init, VALUE proc, VALUE size)
 {
     struct producer *ptr;
 
@@ -2986,6 +3030,7 @@ producer_init(VALUE obj, VALUE init, VALUE proc)
 
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr->init, init);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr->proc, proc);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr->size, size);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -3036,12 +3081,18 @@ producer_each(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 producer_size(VALUE obj, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 {
-    return DBL2NUM(HUGE_VAL);
+    struct producer *ptr = producer_ptr(obj);
+    VALUE size = ptr->size;
+
+    if (NIL_P(size)) return Qnil;
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(size) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(size)) return size;
+
+    return rb_funcall(size, id_call, 0);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Enumerator.produce(initial = nil) { |prev| block } -> enumerator
+ *    Enumerator.produce(initial = nil, size: nil) { |prev| block } -> enumerator
  *
  * Creates an infinite enumerator from any block, just called over and
  * over.  The result of the previous iteration is passed to the next one.
@@ -3073,19 +3124,50 @@ producer_size(VALUE obj, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
  *   PATTERN = %r{\d+|[-/+*]}
  *   Enumerator.produce { scanner.scan(PATTERN) }.slice_after { scanner.eos? }.first
  *   # => ["7", "+", "38", "/", "6"]
+ *
+ * The optional +size+ keyword argument specifies the size of the enumerator,
+ * which can be retrieved by Enumerator#size.  It can be an integer,
+ * +Float::INFINITY+, a callable object (such as a lambda), or +nil+ to
+ * indicate unknown size.  When not specified, the size defaults to
+ * +Float::INFINITY+.
+ *
+ *   # Infinite enumerator
+ *   enum = Enumerator.produce(1, size: Float::INFINITY, &:succ)
+ *   enum.size  # => Float::INFINITY
+ *
+ *   # Finite enumerator with known/computable size
+ *   abs_dir = File.expand_path("./baz") # => "/foo/bar/baz"
+ *   traverser = Enumerator.produce(abs_dir, size: -> { abs_dir.count("/") + 1 }) {
+ *     raise StopIteration if it == "/"
+ *     File.dirname(it)
+ *   }
+ *   traverser.size  # => 4
+ *
+ *   # Finite enumerator with unknown size
+ *   calendar = Enumerator.produce(Date.today, size: nil) {
+ *     it.monday? ? raise(StopIteration) : it + 1
+ *   }
+ *   calendar.size  # => nil
  */
 static VALUE
 enumerator_s_produce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE init, producer;
+    VALUE init, producer, opts, size;
+    ID keyword_ids[1];
 
     if (!rb_block_given_p()) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no block given");
 
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &init) == 0) {
+    keyword_ids[0] = rb_intern("size");
+    rb_scan_args_kw(RB_SCAN_ARGS_LAST_HASH_KEYWORDS, argc, argv, "01:", &init, &opts);
+    rb_get_kwargs(opts, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &size);
+
+    size = UNDEF_P(size) ? DBL2NUM(HUGE_VAL) : convert_to_feasible_size_value(size);
+
+    if (argc == 0 || (argc == 1 && !NIL_P(opts))) {
         init = Qundef;
     }
 
-    producer = producer_init(producer_allocate(rb_cEnumProducer), init, rb_block_proc());
+    producer = producer_init(producer_allocate(rb_cEnumProducer), init, rb_block_proc(), size);
 
     return rb_enumeratorize_with_size_kw(producer, sym_each, 0, 0, producer_size, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
 }
@@ -3101,17 +3183,10 @@ enumerator_s_produce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  */
 
 static void
-enum_chain_mark(void *p)
-{
-    struct enum_chain *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->enums);
-}
-
-static void
-enum_chain_compact(void *p)
+enum_chain_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct enum_chain *ptr = p;
-    ptr->enums = rb_gc_location(ptr->enums);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->enums);
 }
 
 #define enum_chain_free RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
@@ -3125,12 +3200,12 @@ enum_chain_memsize(const void *p)
 static const rb_data_type_t enum_chain_data_type = {
     "chain",
     {
-        enum_chain_mark,
+        enum_chain_mark_and_move,
         enum_chain_free,
         enum_chain_memsize,
-        enum_chain_compact,
+        enum_chain_mark_and_move,
     },
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
 static struct enum_chain *
@@ -3180,7 +3255,7 @@ enum_chain_initialize(VALUE obj, VALUE enums)
 
     if (!ptr) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated chain");
 
-    ptr->enums = rb_ary_freeze(enums);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr->enums, rb_ary_freeze(enums));
     ptr->pos = -1;
 
     return obj;
@@ -3214,7 +3289,7 @@ enum_chain_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig)
 
     if (!ptr1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated chain");
 
-    ptr1->enums = ptr0->enums;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr1->enums, ptr0->enums);
     ptr1->pos = ptr0->pos;
 
     return obj;
@@ -3423,17 +3498,10 @@ enumerator_plus(VALUE obj, VALUE eobj)
  */
 
 static void
-enum_product_mark(void *p)
+enum_product_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     struct enum_product *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->enums);
-}
-
-static void
-enum_product_compact(void *p)
-{
-    struct enum_product *ptr = p;
-    ptr->enums = rb_gc_location(ptr->enums);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->enums);
 }
 
 #define enum_product_free RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
@@ -3447,12 +3515,12 @@ enum_product_memsize(const void *p)
 static const rb_data_type_t enum_product_data_type = {
     "product",
     {
-        enum_product_mark,
+        enum_product_mark_and_move,
         enum_product_free,
         enum_product_memsize,
-        enum_product_compact,
+        enum_product_mark_and_move,
     },
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
 static struct enum_product *
@@ -3508,7 +3576,7 @@ enum_product_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 
     if (!ptr) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated product");
 
-    ptr->enums = rb_ary_freeze(enums);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr->enums, rb_ary_freeze(enums));
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -3526,7 +3594,7 @@ enum_product_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig)
 
     if (!ptr1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated product");
 
-    ptr1->enums = ptr0->enums;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ptr1->enums, ptr0->enums);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -3586,9 +3654,9 @@ enum_product_enum_size(VALUE obj, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 struct product_state {
     VALUE  obj;
     VALUE  block;
+    int    index;
     int    argc;
     VALUE *argv;
-    int    index;
 };
 
 static VALUE product_each(VALUE, struct product_state *);
@@ -3627,15 +3695,23 @@ enum_product_run(VALUE obj, VALUE block)
 {
     struct enum_product *ptr = enum_product_ptr(obj);
     int argc = RARRAY_LENINT(ptr->enums);
+    if (argc == 0) { /* no need to allocate state.argv */
+        rb_funcall(block, id_call, 1, rb_ary_new());
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    VALUE argsbuf = 0;
     struct product_state state = {
         .obj = obj,
         .block = block,
         .index = 0,
         .argc = argc,
-        .argv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc),
+        .argv = ALLOCV_N(VALUE, argsbuf, argc),
     };
 
-    return product_each(obj, &state);
+    VALUE ret = product_each(obj, &state);
+    ALLOCV_END(argsbuf);
+    return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3748,6 +3824,55 @@ enumerator_s_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
+struct arith_seq {
+    struct enumerator enumerator;
+    VALUE begin;
+    VALUE end;
+    VALUE step;
+    bool exclude_end;
+};
+
+RUBY_REFERENCES(arith_seq_refs) = {
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, obj),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, args),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, fib),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, dst),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, lookahead),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, feedvalue),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, stop_exc),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, size),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct enumerator, procs),
+
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct arith_seq, begin),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct arith_seq, end),
+    RUBY_REF_EDGE(struct arith_seq, step),
+    RUBY_REF_END
+};
+
+static const rb_data_type_t arith_seq_data_type = {
+    "arithmetic_sequence",
+    {
+        RUBY_REFS_LIST_PTR(arith_seq_refs),
+        RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
+        NULL, // Nothing allocated externally, so don't need a memsize function
+        NULL,
+    },
+    .parent = &enumerator_data_type,
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_DECL_MARKING | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+};
+
+static VALUE
+arith_seq_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    VALUE enum_obj;
+
+    enum_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct arith_seq, &arith_seq_data_type, ptr);
+    ptr->enumerator.obj = Qundef;
+
+    return enum_obj;
+}
+
 /*
  * Document-class: Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
  *
@@ -3765,12 +3890,16 @@ rb_arith_seq_new(VALUE obj, VALUE meth, int argc, VALUE const *argv,
                  rb_enumerator_size_func *size_fn,
                  VALUE beg, VALUE end, VALUE step, int excl)
 {
-    VALUE aseq = enumerator_init(enumerator_allocate(rb_cArithSeq),
+    VALUE aseq = enumerator_init(arith_seq_allocate(rb_cArithSeq),
                                  obj, meth, argc, argv, size_fn, Qnil, rb_keyword_given_p());
-    rb_ivar_set(aseq, id_begin, beg);
-    rb_ivar_set(aseq, id_end, end);
-    rb_ivar_set(aseq, id_step, step);
-    rb_ivar_set(aseq, id_exclude_end, RBOOL(excl));
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(aseq, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(aseq, &ptr->begin, beg);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(aseq, &ptr->end, end);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(aseq, &ptr->step, step);
+    ptr->exclude_end = excl;
+
     return aseq;
 }
 
@@ -3783,7 +3912,9 @@ rb_arith_seq_new(VALUE obj, VALUE meth, int argc, VALUE const *argv,
 static inline VALUE
 arith_seq_begin(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_begin);
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+    return ptr->begin;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3794,7 +3925,9 @@ arith_seq_begin(VALUE self)
 static inline VALUE
 arith_seq_end(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_end);
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+    return ptr->end;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3806,7 +3939,9 @@ arith_seq_end(VALUE self)
 static inline VALUE
 arith_seq_step(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_step);
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+    return ptr->step;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3817,13 +3952,17 @@ arith_seq_step(VALUE self)
 static inline VALUE
 arith_seq_exclude_end(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_exclude_end);
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+    return RBOOL(ptr->exclude_end);
 }
 
 static inline int
 arith_seq_exclude_end_p(VALUE self)
 {
-    return RTEST(arith_seq_exclude_end(self));
+    struct arith_seq *ptr;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct arith_seq, &enumerator_data_type, ptr);
+    return ptr->exclude_end;
 }
 
 int
@@ -3890,46 +4029,14 @@ rb_arithmetic_sequence_beg_len_step(VALUE obj, long *begp, long *lenp, long *ste
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   aseq.first -> num or nil
- *   aseq.first(n) -> an_array
- *
- * Returns the first number in this arithmetic sequence,
- * or an array of the first +n+ elements.
- */
 static VALUE
-arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+arith_seq_take(VALUE self, VALUE num)
 {
     VALUE b, e, s, ary;
     long n;
     int x;
 
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-
-    b = arith_seq_begin(self);
-    e = arith_seq_end(self);
-    s = arith_seq_step(self);
-    if (argc == 0) {
-        if (NIL_P(b)) {
-            return Qnil;
-        }
-        if (!NIL_P(e)) {
-            VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
-            int r = rb_cmpint(rb_num_coerce_cmp(s, zero, idCmp), s, zero);
-            if (r > 0 && RTEST(rb_funcall(b, '>', 1, e))) {
-                return Qnil;
-            }
-            if (r < 0 && RTEST(rb_funcall(b, '<', 1, e))) {
-                return Qnil;
-            }
-        }
-        return b;
-    }
-
-    // TODO: the following code should be extracted as arith_seq_take
-
-    n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+    n = NUM2LONG(num);
     if (n < 0) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to take negative size");
     }
@@ -3937,6 +4044,9 @@ arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         return rb_ary_new_capa(0);
     }
 
+    b = arith_seq_begin(self);
+    e = arith_seq_end(self);
+    s = arith_seq_step(self);
     x = arith_seq_exclude_end_p(self);
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(b) && NIL_P(e) && FIXNUM_P(s)) {
@@ -3971,7 +4081,7 @@ arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
             ary = rb_ary_new_capa((n < len) ? n : len);
             while (n > 0 && i < end) {
                 rb_ary_push(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-                if (i + unit < i) break;
+                if (i > LONG_MAX - unit) break;
                 i += unit;
                 --n;
             }
@@ -3984,7 +4094,7 @@ arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
             ary = rb_ary_new_capa((n < len) ? n : len);
             while (n > 0 && i > end) {
                 rb_ary_push(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-                if (i + unit > i) break;
+                if (i < LONG_MIN - unit) break;
                 i += unit;
                 --n;
             }
@@ -4031,7 +4141,49 @@ arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         return ary;
     }
 
-    return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+    {
+        VALUE argv[1];
+        argv[0] = num;
+        return rb_call_super(1, argv);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   aseq.first -> num or nil
+ *   aseq.first(n) -> an_array
+ *
+ * Returns the first number in this arithmetic sequence,
+ * or an array of the first +n+ elements.
+ */
+static VALUE
+arith_seq_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE b, e, s;
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+
+    b = arith_seq_begin(self);
+    e = arith_seq_end(self);
+    s = arith_seq_step(self);
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        if (NIL_P(b)) {
+            return Qnil;
+        }
+        if (!NIL_P(e)) {
+            VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
+            int r = rb_cmpint(rb_num_coerce_cmp(s, zero, idCmp), s, zero);
+            if (r > 0 && RTEST(rb_funcall(b, '>', 1, e))) {
+                return Qnil;
+            }
+            if (r < 0 && RTEST(rb_funcall(b, '<', 1, e))) {
+                return Qnil;
+            }
+        }
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    return arith_seq_take(self, argv[0]);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
@@ -4197,7 +4349,7 @@ static VALUE
 arith_seq_inspect(VALUE self)
 {
     struct enumerator *e;
-    VALUE eobj, str, eargs;
+    VALUE eobj, str;
     int range_p;
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct enumerator, &enumerator_data_type, e);
@@ -4211,39 +4363,7 @@ arith_seq_inspect(VALUE self)
     str = rb_sprintf("(%s%"PRIsVALUE"%s.", range_p ? "(" : "", eobj, range_p ? ")" : "");
 
     rb_str_buf_append(str, rb_id2str(e->meth));
-
-    eargs = rb_attr_get(eobj, id_arguments);
-    if (NIL_P(eargs)) {
-        eargs = e->args;
-    }
-    if (eargs != Qfalse) {
-        long argc = RARRAY_LEN(eargs);
-        const VALUE *argv = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(eargs); /* WB: no new reference */
-
-        if (argc > 0) {
-            VALUE kwds = Qnil;
-
-            rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "(");
-
-            if (RB_TYPE_P(argv[argc-1], T_HASH)) {
-                int all_key = TRUE;
-                rb_hash_foreach(argv[argc-1], key_symbol_p, (VALUE)&all_key);
-                if (all_key) kwds = argv[--argc];
-            }
-
-            while (argc--) {
-                VALUE arg = *argv++;
-
-                rb_str_append(str, rb_inspect(arg));
-                rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
-            }
-            if (!NIL_P(kwds)) {
-                rb_hash_foreach(kwds, kwd_append, str);
-            }
-            rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-2); /* drop the last ", " */
-            rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ")");
-        }
-    }
+    append_method_args(eobj, str, e->args);
 
     rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ")");
 
@@ -4549,6 +4669,7 @@ InitVM_Enumerator(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cLazy, "uniq", lazy_uniq, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cLazy, "compact", lazy_compact, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cLazy, "with_index", lazy_with_index, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cLazy, "tap_each", lazy_tap_each, 0);
 
     lazy_use_super_method = rb_hash_new_with_size(18);
     rb_hash_aset(lazy_use_super_method, sym("map"), sym("_enumerable_map"));
@@ -4585,7 +4706,7 @@ InitVM_Enumerator(void)
     rb_eStopIteration = rb_define_class("StopIteration", rb_eIndexError);
     rb_define_method(rb_eStopIteration, "result", stop_result, 0);
 
-    /* Generator */
+    /* :nodoc: Generator */
     rb_cGenerator = rb_define_class_under(rb_cEnumerator, "Generator", rb_cObject);
     rb_include_module(rb_cGenerator, rb_mEnumerable);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cGenerator, generator_allocate);
@@ -4593,7 +4714,7 @@ InitVM_Enumerator(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cGenerator, "initialize_copy", generator_init_copy, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cGenerator, "each", generator_each, -1);
 
-    /* Yielder */
+    /* :nodoc: Yielder */
     rb_cYielder = rb_define_class_under(rb_cEnumerator, "Yielder", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cYielder, yielder_allocate);
     rb_define_method(rb_cYielder, "initialize", yielder_initialize, 0);
@@ -4601,7 +4722,7 @@ InitVM_Enumerator(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cYielder, "<<", yielder_yield_push, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cYielder, "to_proc", yielder_to_proc, 0);
 
-    /* Producer */
+    /* :nodoc: Producer */
     rb_cEnumProducer = rb_define_class_under(rb_cEnumerator, "Producer", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cEnumProducer, producer_allocate);
     rb_define_method(rb_cEnumProducer, "each", producer_each, 0);
@@ -4664,7 +4785,6 @@ void
 Init_Enumerator(void)
 {
     id_rewind = rb_intern_const("rewind");
-    id_new = rb_intern_const("new");
     id_next = rb_intern_const("next");
     id_result = rb_intern_const("result");
     id_receiver = rb_intern_const("receiver");
@@ -4674,12 +4794,7 @@ Init_Enumerator(void)
     id_force = rb_intern_const("force");
     id_to_enum = rb_intern_const("to_enum");
     id_each_entry = rb_intern_const("each_entry");
-    id_begin = rb_intern_const("begin");
-    id_end = rb_intern_const("end");
-    id_step = rb_intern_const("step");
-    id_exclude_end = rb_intern_const("exclude_end");
     sym_each = ID2SYM(id_each);
-    sym_cycle = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("cycle"));
     sym_yield = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("yield"));
 
     InitVM(Enumerator);
diff --git a/error.c b/error.c
index 1a8a4cd430..7a08fd2b9e 100644
--- a/error.c
+++ b/error.c
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #include "ruby_assert.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "yjit.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 #include "builtin.h"
 
@@ -908,6 +909,10 @@ bug_report_file(const char *file, int line, rb_pid_t *pid)
     int len = err_position_0(buf, sizeof(buf), file, line);
 
     if (out) {
+        /* Disable buffering so crash report output is not lost if
+         * rb_vm_bugreport() triggers a secondary crash (e.g. SIGSEGV
+         * while walking JIT frames). */
+        setvbuf(out, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
         if ((ssize_t)fwrite(buf, 1, len, out) == (ssize_t)len) return out;
         fclose(out);
     }
@@ -1077,9 +1082,14 @@ static void
 die(void)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION) && RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
+    /* mingw32 declares in stdlib.h but does not provide. */
     _set_abort_behavior( 0, _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
 #endif
 
+    /* Reset SIGABRT to default so that abort() does not trigger our custom
+     * handler (sigabrt), which would re-open the crash report file with "w"
+     * and truncate the report already written by rb_bug(). */
+    signal(SIGABRT, SIG_DFL);
     abort();
 }
 
@@ -1090,7 +1100,7 @@ rb_bug_without_die_internal(const char *fmt, va_list args)
     const char *file = NULL;
     int line = 0;
 
-    if (GET_EC()) {
+    if (rb_current_execution_context(false)) {
         file = rb_source_location_cstr(&line);
     }
 
@@ -1123,7 +1133,7 @@ rb_bug_for_fatal_signal(ruby_sighandler_t default_sighandler, int sig, const voi
     const char *file = NULL;
     int line = 0;
 
-    if (GET_EC()) {
+    if (rb_current_execution_context(false)) {
         file = rb_source_location_cstr(&line);
     }
 
@@ -1312,6 +1322,20 @@ rb_builtin_class_name(VALUE x)
 COLDFUNC NORETURN(static void unexpected_type(VALUE, int, int));
 #define UNDEF_LEAKED "undef leaked to the Ruby space"
 
+void
+rb_unexpected_typeddata(const rb_data_type_t *actual, const rb_data_type_t *expected)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected %s)",
+             actual->wrap_struct_name, expected->wrap_struct_name);
+}
+
+void
+rb_unexpected_object_type(VALUE obj, const char *expected)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected %s)",
+             displaying_class_of(obj), expected);
+}
+
 static void
 unexpected_type(VALUE x, int xt, int t)
 {
@@ -1319,9 +1343,7 @@ unexpected_type(VALUE x, int xt, int t)
     VALUE mesg, exc = rb_eFatal;
 
     if (tname) {
-        mesg = rb_sprintf("wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected %s)",
-                          displaying_class_of(x), tname);
-        exc = rb_eTypeError;
+        rb_unexpected_object_type(x, tname);
     }
     else if (xt > T_MASK && xt <= 0x3f) {
         mesg = rb_sprintf("unknown type 0x%x (0x%x given, probably comes"
@@ -1342,8 +1364,7 @@ rb_check_type(VALUE x, int t)
         rb_bug(UNDEF_LEAKED);
     }
 
-    xt = TYPE(x);
-    if (xt != t || (xt == T_DATA && rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(x))) {
+    if (t == T_DATA) {
         /*
          * Typed data is not simple `T_DATA`, but in a sense an
          * extension of `struct RVALUE`, which are incompatible with
@@ -1352,6 +1373,10 @@ rb_check_type(VALUE x, int t)
          * So it is not enough to just check `T_DATA`, it must be
          * identified by its `type` using `Check_TypedStruct` instead.
          */
+        rb_unexpected_object_type(x, builtin_types[t]);
+    }
+    xt = TYPE(x);
+    if (xt != t) {
         unexpected_type(x, xt, t);
     }
 }
@@ -1366,24 +1391,18 @@ rb_unexpected_type(VALUE x, int t)
     unexpected_type(x, TYPE(x), t);
 }
 
+#undef rb_typeddata_inherited_p
 int
 rb_typeddata_inherited_p(const rb_data_type_t *child, const rb_data_type_t *parent)
 {
-    while (child) {
-        if (child == parent) return 1;
-        child = child->parent;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return rbimpl_typeddata_inherited_p_inline(child, parent);
 }
 
+#undef rb_typeddata_is_kind_of
 int
 rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type)
 {
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_DATA) ||
-        !RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) || !rb_typeddata_inherited_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj), data_type)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return 1;
+    return rbimpl_typeddata_is_kind_of_inline(obj, data_type);
 }
 
 #undef rb_typeddata_is_instance_of
@@ -1396,26 +1415,7 @@ rb_typeddata_is_instance_of(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type)
 void *
 rb_check_typeddata(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type)
 {
-    VALUE actual;
-
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_DATA)) {
-        actual = displaying_class_of(obj);
-    }
-    else if (!RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
-        actual = displaying_class_of(obj);
-    }
-    else if (!rb_typeddata_inherited_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj), data_type)) {
-        const char *name = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name;
-        actual = rb_str_new_cstr(name); /* or rb_fstring_cstr? not sure... */
-    }
-    else {
-        return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
-    }
-
-    const char *expected = data_type->wrap_struct_name;
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected %s)",
-             actual, expected);
-    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
+    return rbimpl_check_typeddata(obj, data_type);
 }
 
 /* exception classes */
@@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ exc_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE exc)
  *
  *    x0 = StandardError.new('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom>
  *    x1 = x0.exception              # => #<StandardError: Boom>
- *    x0.__id__ == x1.__id__         # => true
+ *    x0.equal?(x1)                  # => true
  *
  *  With {string-convertible object}[rdoc-ref:implicit_conversion.rdoc@String-Convertible+Objects]
  *  +message+ (even the same as the original message),
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ exc_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE exc)
  *  and whose message is the given +message+:
  *
  *    x1 = x0.exception('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom>
- *    x0..equal?(x1)            # => false
+ *    x0.equal?(x1)             # => false
  *
  */
 
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ check_order_keyword(VALUE opt)
  *   - If the value of keyword +order+ is +:top+ (the default),
  *     lists the error message and the innermost backtrace entry first.
  *   - If the value of keyword +order+ is +:bottom+,
- *     lists the error message the the innermost entry last.
+ *     lists the error message the innermost entry last.
  *
  * Example:
  *
@@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ exc_inspect(VALUE exc)
  *      # String
  *    end
  *
- *  The value returned by this method migth be adjusted when raising (see Kernel#raise),
+ *  The value returned by this method might be adjusted when raising (see Kernel#raise),
  *  or during intermediate handling by #set_backtrace.
  *
  *  See also #backtrace_locations that provide the same value, as structured objects.
@@ -2171,9 +2171,9 @@ try_convert_to_exception(VALUE obj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self == object -> true or false
+ *    self == other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns whether +object+ is the same class as +self+
+ *  Returns whether +other+ is the same class as +self+
  *  and its #message and #backtrace are equal to those of +self+.
  *
  */
@@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ name_err_init_attr(VALUE exc, VALUE recv, VALUE method)
     rb_ivar_set(exc, id_name, method);
     err_init_recv(exc, recv);
     if (cfp && VM_FRAME_TYPE(cfp) != VM_FRAME_MAGIC_DUMMY) {
-        rb_ivar_set(exc, id_iseq, rb_iseqw_new(cfp->iseq));
+        rb_ivar_set(exc, id_iseq, rb_iseqw_new(CFP_ISEQ(cfp)));
     }
     return exc;
 }
@@ -2517,30 +2517,21 @@ typedef struct name_error_message_struct {
 } name_error_message_t;
 
 static void
-name_err_mesg_mark(void *p)
+name_err_mesg_mark_and_move(void *p)
 {
     name_error_message_t *ptr = (name_error_message_t *)p;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->mesg);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->recv);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(ptr->name);
-}
-
-static void
-name_err_mesg_update(void *p)
-{
-    name_error_message_t *ptr = (name_error_message_t *)p;
-    ptr->mesg = rb_gc_location(ptr->mesg);
-    ptr->recv = rb_gc_location(ptr->recv);
-    ptr->name = rb_gc_location(ptr->name);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->mesg);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->recv);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ptr->name);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t name_err_mesg_data_type = {
     "name_err_mesg",
     {
-        name_err_mesg_mark,
+        name_err_mesg_mark_and_move,
         RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
         NULL, // No external memory to report,
-        name_err_mesg_update,
+        name_err_mesg_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
@@ -2628,7 +2619,7 @@ name_err_mesg_to_str(VALUE obj)
     VALUE mesg = ptr->mesg;
     if (NIL_P(mesg)) return Qnil;
     else {
-        struct RString s_str, c_str, d_str;
+        struct RString s_str = {RBASIC_INIT}, c_str = {RBASIC_INIT}, d_str = {RBASIC_INIT};
         VALUE c, s, d = 0, args[4], c2;
         int state = 0;
         rb_encoding *usascii = rb_usascii_encoding();
@@ -2779,6 +2770,68 @@ nometh_err_private_call_p(VALUE self)
     return rb_attr_get(self, id_private_call_p);
 }
 
+static const char *
+type_err_cname(VALUE val)
+{
+    if (NIL_P(val)) {
+        return "nil";
+    }
+    else if (val == Qtrue) {
+        return "true";
+    }
+    else if (val == Qfalse) {
+        return "false";
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void type_err_raise(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *msg));
+static void
+type_err_raise(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *msg)
+{
+    const char *cname = type_err_cname(val);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+    if (cname) {
+        rb_enc_raise(enc, rb_eTypeError, "%s %s into %s", msg, cname, tname);
+    }
+    rb_enc_raise(enc, rb_eTypeError, "%s %"PRIsVALUE" into %s", msg, rb_obj_class(val), tname);
+}
+
+NORETURN(void rb_no_implicit_conversion(VALUE val, const char *tname));
+void
+rb_no_implicit_conversion(VALUE val, const char *tname)
+{
+    type_err_raise(val, tname, "no implicit conversion of");
+}
+
+NORETURN(void rb_cant_convert(VALUE val, const char *tname));
+void
+rb_cant_convert(VALUE val, const char *tname)
+{
+    type_err_raise(val, tname, "can't convert");
+}
+
+NORETURN(void rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method_name, VALUE ret));
+void
+rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method_name, VALUE ret)
+{
+    const char *cname = type_err_cname(val);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+    if (cname) {
+        rb_enc_raise(
+            enc, rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %s into %s (%s#%s gives %s)",
+            cname, tname, cname, method_name, type_err_cname(ret));
+    }
+    VALUE klass = rb_obj_class(val);
+    const char *retname = type_err_cname(ret);
+    if (!retname) {
+        retname = rb_obj_classname(ret);
+    }
+    rb_enc_raise(
+        enc, rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into %s (%"PRIsVALUE"#%s gives %s)",
+        klass, tname, klass, method_name, retname);
+}
+
 void
 rb_invalid_str(const char *str, const char *type)
 {
@@ -3500,6 +3553,18 @@ syserr_eqq(VALUE self, VALUE exc)
  */
 
 /*
+ *  Document-class: NoMatchingPatternError
+ *
+ *  Raised when matching pattern not found.
+ */
+
+/*
+ *  Document-class: NoMatchingPatternKeyError
+ *
+ *  Raised when matching key not found.
+ */
+
+/*
  * Document-class: fatal
  *
  * +fatal+ is an Exception that is raised when Ruby has encountered a fatal
@@ -4159,7 +4224,7 @@ rb_error_frozen_object(VALUE frozen_obj)
     rb_yjit_lazy_push_frame(GET_EC()->cfp->pc);
 
     VALUE mesg = rb_sprintf("can't modify frozen %"PRIsVALUE": ",
-                            CLASS_OF(frozen_obj));
+                            rb_obj_class(frozen_obj));
     VALUE exc = rb_exc_new_str(rb_eFrozenError, mesg);
 
     rb_ivar_set(exc, id_recv, frozen_obj);
@@ -4195,7 +4260,8 @@ rb_warn_unchilled_literal(VALUE obj)
         VALUE created = get_created_info(str, &line);
         if (NIL_P(created)) {
             rb_str_cat2(mesg, " (run with --debug-frozen-string-literal for more information)\n");
-        } else {
+        }
+        else {
             rb_str_cat2(mesg, "\n");
             rb_str_append(mesg, created);
             if (line) rb_str_catf(mesg, ":%d", line);
diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c
index dba196c170..b6fedf11f3 100644
--- a/eval.c
+++ b/eval.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "ruby/vm.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "ractor_core.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 NORETURN(static void rb_raise_jump(VALUE, VALUE));
 void rb_ec_clear_current_thread_trace_func(const rb_execution_context_t *ec);
@@ -78,7 +79,10 @@ ruby_setup(void)
 #endif
     Init_BareVM();
     rb_vm_encoded_insn_data_table_init();
+    Init_enable_box();
     Init_vm_objects();
+    Init_master_box();
+    Init_fstring_table();
 
     EC_PUSH_TAG(GET_EC());
     if ((state = EC_EXEC_TAG()) == TAG_NONE) {
@@ -326,17 +330,24 @@ ruby_exec_node(void *n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Module.nesting    -> array
- *
- *  Returns the list of +Modules+ nested at the point of call.
+ *     Module.nesting -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns nested module as an array of Module objects:
+ *
+ *    module M0
+ *      def self.speak = Module.nesting
+ *      module M1
+ *        def self.speak = Module.nesting
+ *        module M2
+ *          def self.speak = Module.nesting
+ *        end
+ *      end
+ *    end
+ *    M0.speak             # => [M0]
+ *    M0.speak.first.class # => Module
+ *    M0::M1.speak         # => [M0::M1, M0]
+ *    M0::M1::M2.speak     # => [M0::M1::M2, M0::M1, M0]
  *
- *     module M1
- *       module M2
- *         $a = Module.nesting
- *       end
- *     end
- *     $a           #=> [M1::M2, M1]
- *     $a[0].name   #=> "M1::M2"
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -421,43 +432,14 @@ rb_class_modify_check(VALUE klass)
         Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
     }
     if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
-        rb_module_set_initialized(klass);
+        // TODO: shouldn't this only happen in a few places?
+        rb_class_set_initialized(klass);
     }
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(klass)) {
-        const char *desc;
-
         if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
-            desc = "object";
             klass = RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(klass);
-            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(klass)) {
-                switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass)) {
-                  case T_MODULE:
-                  case T_ICLASS:
-                    desc = "Module";
-                    break;
-                  case T_CLASS:
-                    desc = "Class";
-                    break;
-                  default:
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass)) {
-              case T_MODULE:
-              case T_ICLASS:
-                desc = "module";
-                break;
-              case T_CLASS:
-                desc = "class";
-                break;
-              default:
-                Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
-                UNREACHABLE;
-            }
         }
-        rb_frozen_error_raise(klass, "can't modify frozen %s: %"PRIsVALUE, desc, klass);
+        rb_error_frozen_object(klass);
     }
 }
 
@@ -528,10 +510,14 @@ exc_setup_message(const rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE mesg, VALUE *cause)
         rb_exc_check_circular_cause(*cause);
 #else
         VALUE c = *cause;
-        while (!NIL_P(c = rb_attr_get(c, id_cause))) {
+        while (!NIL_P(c)) {
             if (c == mesg) {
                 rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "circular causes");
             }
+            if (THROW_DATA_P(c)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            c = rb_attr_get(c, id_cause);
         }
 #endif
     }
@@ -696,49 +682,142 @@ rb_interrupt(void)
     rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new(rb_eInterrupt, 0, 0));
 }
 
-enum {raise_opt_cause, raise_max_opt}; /*< \private */
-
 static int
-extract_raise_opts(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE *opts)
+extract_raise_options(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE *cause)
 {
-    int i;
+    // Keyword arguments:
+    static ID keywords[1] = {0};
+    if (!keywords[0]) {
+        CONST_ID(keywords[0], "cause");
+    }
+
     if (argc > 0) {
-        VALUE opt;
-        argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "*:", NULL, &opt);
-        if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
-            if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(opt)) {
-                ID keywords[1];
-                CONST_ID(keywords[0], "cause");
-                rb_get_kwargs(opt, keywords, 0, -1-raise_max_opt, opts);
-                if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(opt)) argv[argc++] = opt;
-                return argc;
+        VALUE options;
+        argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "*:", NULL, &options);
+
+        if (!NIL_P(options)) {
+            if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(options)) {
+                // Extract optional cause keyword argument, leaving any other options alone:
+                rb_get_kwargs(options, keywords, 0, -2, cause);
+
+                // If there were any other options, add them back to the arguments:
+                if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(options)) argv[argc++] = options;
             }
         }
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < raise_max_opt; ++i) {
-        opts[i] = Qundef;
-    }
+
     return argc;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Complete exception setup for cross-context raises (Thread#raise, Fiber#raise).
+ * Handles keyword extraction, validation, exception creation, and cause assignment.
+ *
+ * @param[in]     argc        Number of arguments
+ * @param[in]     argv        Argument array (will be modified for keyword extraction)
+ * @return                    Prepared exception object with cause applied
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_exception_setup(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+
+    // Extract cause keyword argument:
+    VALUE cause = Qundef;
+    argc = extract_raise_options(argc, argv, &cause);
+
+    // Validate cause-only case:
+    if (argc == 0 && !UNDEF_P(cause)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "only cause is given with no arguments");
+    }
+
+    // Create exception:
+    VALUE exception;
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        exception = rb_exc_new(rb_eRuntimeError, 0, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        exception = rb_make_exception(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    VALUE resolved_cause = Qnil;
+
+    // Resolve cause with validation:
+    if (UNDEF_P(cause)) {
+        // No explicit cause - use automatic cause chaining from calling context:
+        resolved_cause = rb_ec_get_errinfo(ec);
+
+        // Prevent self-referential cause (e.g. `raise $!`):
+        if (resolved_cause == exception) {
+            resolved_cause = Qnil;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (NIL_P(cause)) {
+        // Explicit nil cause - prevent chaining:
+        resolved_cause = Qnil;
+    }
+    else {
+        // Explicit cause - validate and assign:
+        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(cause, rb_eException)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "exception object expected");
+        }
+
+        if (cause == exception) {
+            // Prevent self-referential cause (e.g. `raise error, cause: error`) - although I'm not sure this is good behaviour, it's inherited from `Kernel#raise`.
+            resolved_cause = Qnil;
+        }
+        else {
+            // Check for circular causes:
+            VALUE current_cause = cause;
+            while (!NIL_P(current_cause)) {
+                // We guarantee that the cause chain is always terminated. Then, creating an exception with an existing cause is not circular as long as exception is not an existing cause of any other exception.
+                if (current_cause == exception) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "circular causes");
+                }
+                if (THROW_DATA_P(current_cause)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                current_cause = rb_attr_get(current_cause, id_cause);
+            }
+            resolved_cause = cause;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply cause to exception object (duplicate if frozen):
+    if (!UNDEF_P(resolved_cause)) {
+        if (OBJ_FROZEN(exception)) {
+            exception = rb_obj_dup(exception);
+        }
+        rb_ivar_set(exception, id_cause, resolved_cause);
+    }
+
+    return exception;
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_f_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
-    VALUE err;
-    VALUE opts[raise_max_opt], *const cause = &opts[raise_opt_cause];
+    VALUE cause = Qundef;
+    argc = extract_raise_options(argc, argv, &cause);
 
-    argc = extract_raise_opts(argc, argv, opts);
+    VALUE exception;
+
+    // Bare re-raise case:
     if (argc == 0) {
-        if (!UNDEF_P(*cause)) {
+        // Cause was extracted, but no arguments were provided:
+        if (!UNDEF_P(cause)) {
             rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "only cause is given with no arguments");
         }
-        err = get_errinfo();
-        if (!NIL_P(err)) {
+
+        // Otherwise, re-raise the current exception:
+        exception = get_errinfo();
+        if (!NIL_P(exception)) {
             argc = 1;
-            argv = &err;
+            argv = &exception;
         }
     }
-    rb_raise_jump(rb_make_exception(argc, argv), *cause);
+
+    rb_raise_jump(rb_make_exception(argc, argv), cause);
 
     UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
 }
@@ -851,6 +930,9 @@ rb_f_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv)
  *  With argument +exception+ not given,
  *  argument +message+ and keyword argument +cause+ may be given,
  *  but argument +backtrace+ may not be given.
+ *
+ *  +cause+ can not be given as an only argument.
+ *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1062,12 +1144,11 @@ rb_protect(VALUE (* proc) (VALUE), VALUE data, int *pstate)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2)
+rb_ec_ensure(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2)
 {
     enum ruby_tag_type state;
     volatile VALUE result = Qnil;
     VALUE errinfo;
-    rb_execution_context_t * volatile ec = GET_EC();
     EC_PUSH_TAG(ec);
     if ((state = EC_EXEC_TAG()) == TAG_NONE) {
         result = (*b_proc) (data1);
@@ -1084,6 +1165,12 @@ rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE dat
     return result;
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2)
+{
+    return rb_ec_ensure(GET_EC(), b_proc, data1, e_proc, data2);
+}
+
 static ID
 frame_func_id(const rb_control_frame_t *cfp)
 {
@@ -1191,6 +1278,8 @@ rb_mod_append_features(VALUE module, VALUE include)
     return module;
 }
 
+static VALUE refinement_import_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE refinement);
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     include(module, ...)    -> self
@@ -1344,9 +1433,11 @@ rb_using_refinement(rb_cref_t *cref, VALUE klass, VALUE module)
     }
     superclass = refinement_superclass(superclass);
     c = iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, superclass);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(c, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c), klass);
+    RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS(c, klass);
 
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(c) = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
+    RCLASS_WRITE_M_TBL(c, RCLASS_M_TBL(module));
+
+    rb_class_subclass_add(klass, iclass);
 
     rb_hash_aset(CREF_REFINEMENTS(cref), klass, iclass);
 }
@@ -1401,6 +1492,12 @@ rb_using_module(const rb_cref_t *cref, VALUE module)
     rb_clear_all_refinement_method_cache();
 }
 
+void
+rb_vm_using_module(VALUE module)
+{
+    rb_using_module(rb_vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref(), module);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     target    -> class_or_module
@@ -1441,43 +1538,26 @@ add_activated_refinement(VALUE activated_refinements,
     }
     superclass = refinement_superclass(superclass);
     c = iclass = rb_include_class_new(refinement, superclass);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(c, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c), klass);
+    RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS(c, klass);
+    rb_class_subclass_add(klass, iclass);
     refinement = RCLASS_SUPER(refinement);
     while (refinement && refinement != klass) {
-        c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, rb_include_class_new(refinement, RCLASS_SUPER(c)));
-        RB_OBJ_WRITE(c, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c), klass);
+        c = rb_class_set_super(c, rb_include_class_new(refinement, RCLASS_SUPER(c)));
+        RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS(c, klass);
+        rb_class_subclass_add(klass, c);
         refinement = RCLASS_SUPER(refinement);
     }
     rb_hash_aset(activated_refinements, klass, iclass);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     refine(mod) { block }   -> module
- *
- *  Refine <i>mod</i> in the receiver.
- *
- *  Returns a module, where refined methods are defined.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_mod_refine(VALUE module, VALUE klass)
+void
+rb_refinement_setup(struct rb_refinements_data *data, VALUE module, VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE refinement;
     ID id_refinements, id_activated_refinements,
        id_refined_class, id_defined_at;
     VALUE refinements, activated_refinements;
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    VALUE block_handler = rb_vm_frame_block_handler(th->ec->cfp);
 
-    if (block_handler == VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no block given");
-    }
-    if (vm_block_handler_type(block_handler) != block_handler_type_iseq) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't pass a Proc as a block to Module#refine");
-    }
-
-    ensure_class_or_module(klass);
     CONST_ID(id_refinements, "__refinements__");
     refinements = rb_attr_get(module, id_refinements);
     if (NIL_P(refinements)) {
@@ -1495,7 +1575,7 @@ rb_mod_refine(VALUE module, VALUE klass)
     if (NIL_P(refinement)) {
         VALUE superclass = refinement_superclass(klass);
         refinement = rb_refinement_new();
-        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(refinement, superclass);
+        rb_class_set_super(refinement, superclass);
         RUBY_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(refinement) == T_MODULE);
         FL_SET(refinement, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT);
         CONST_ID(id_refined_class, "__refined_class__");
@@ -1505,8 +1585,41 @@ rb_mod_refine(VALUE module, VALUE klass)
         rb_hash_aset(refinements, klass, refinement);
         add_activated_refinement(activated_refinements, klass, refinement);
     }
-    rb_yield_refine_block(refinement, activated_refinements);
-    return refinement;
+
+    data->refinement = refinement;
+    data->refinements = activated_refinements;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     refine(mod) { block }   -> module
+ *
+ *  Refine <i>mod</i> in the receiver.
+ *
+ *  Returns a module, where refined methods are defined.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_mod_refine(VALUE module, VALUE klass)
+{
+    /* module is the receiver of #refine, klass is a module to be refined (`mod` in the doc) */
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE block_handler = rb_vm_frame_block_handler(th->ec->cfp);
+    struct rb_refinements_data data;
+
+    if (block_handler == VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no block given");
+    }
+    if (vm_block_handler_type(block_handler) != block_handler_type_iseq) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't pass a Proc as a block to Module#refine");
+    }
+
+    ensure_class_or_module(klass);
+
+    rb_refinement_setup(&data, module, klass);
+
+    rb_yield_refine_block(data.refinement, data.refinements);
+    return data.refinement;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1898,10 +2011,10 @@ errinfo_place(const rb_execution_context_t *ec)
 
     while (RUBY_VM_VALID_CONTROL_FRAME_P(cfp, end_cfp)) {
         if (VM_FRAME_RUBYFRAME_P(cfp)) {
-            if (ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+            if (ISEQ_BODY(CFP_ISEQ(cfp))->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
                 return &cfp->ep[VM_ENV_INDEX_LAST_LVAR];
             }
-            else if (ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE &&
+            else if (ISEQ_BODY(CFP_ISEQ(cfp))->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE &&
                      !THROW_DATA_P(cfp->ep[VM_ENV_INDEX_LAST_LVAR]) &&
                      !FIXNUM_P(cfp->ep[VM_ENV_INDEX_LAST_LVAR])) {
                 return &cfp->ep[VM_ENV_INDEX_LAST_LVAR];
@@ -2111,6 +2224,9 @@ Init_eval(void)
     rb_gvar_ractor_local("$@");
     rb_gvar_ractor_local("$!");
 
+    rb_gvar_box_dynamic("$@");
+    rb_gvar_box_dynamic("$!");
+
     rb_define_global_function("raise", f_raise, -1);
     rb_define_global_function("fail", f_raise, -1);
 
diff --git a/eval_intern.h b/eval_intern.h
index ab0577e8ed..954ba6a184 100644
--- a/eval_intern.h
+++ b/eval_intern.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 static inline void
 vm_passed_block_handler_set(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE block_handler)
@@ -102,8 +103,18 @@ extern int select_large_fdset(int, fd_set *, fd_set *, fd_set *, struct timeval
   _tag.tag = Qundef; \
   _tag.prev = _ec->tag; \
   _tag.lock_rec = rb_ec_vm_lock_rec(_ec); \
+  EC_SAVE_TAG_CFP(_tag, _ec); \
   rb_vm_tag_jmpbuf_init(&_tag.buf); \
 
+// Remember the CFP as of EC_PUSH_TAG so that ZJIT can materialize frames
+// only up to longjmp's target CFP. When a C method does longjmp inside it,
+// the target CFP may not be equal to the VM_FRAME_FLAG_FINISH frame.
+#if USE_ZJIT
+# define EC_SAVE_TAG_CFP(_tag, _ec) _tag.cfp = _ec->cfp
+#else
+# define EC_SAVE_TAG_CFP(_tag, _ec)
+#endif
+
 #define EC_POP_TAG() \
   _ec->tag = _tag.prev; \
   rb_vm_tag_jmpbuf_deinit(&_tag.buf); \
@@ -155,6 +166,9 @@ static inline void
 rb_ec_tag_jump(const rb_execution_context_t *ec, enum ruby_tag_type st)
 {
     RUBY_ASSERT(st > TAG_NONE && st <= TAG_FATAL, ": Invalid tag jump: %d", (int)st);
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    rb_zjit_materialize_frames(ec, ec->cfp);
+#endif
     ec->tag->state = st;
     ruby_longjmp(RB_VM_TAG_JMPBUF_GET(ec->tag->buf), 1);
 }
@@ -172,9 +186,10 @@ rb_ec_tag_jump(const rb_execution_context_t *ec, enum ruby_tag_type st)
 
 /* CREF operators */
 
-#define CREF_FL_PUSHED_BY_EVAL IMEMO_FL_USER1
-#define CREF_FL_OMOD_SHARED    IMEMO_FL_USER2
-#define CREF_FL_SINGLETON      IMEMO_FL_USER3
+#define CREF_FL_PUSHED_BY_EVAL    IMEMO_FL_USER1
+#define CREF_FL_OMOD_SHARED      IMEMO_FL_USER2
+#define CREF_FL_SINGLETON        IMEMO_FL_USER3
+#define CREF_FL_DYNAMIC_CREF IMEMO_FL_USER4
 
 static inline int CREF_SINGLETON(const rb_cref_t *cref);
 
@@ -260,6 +275,18 @@ CREF_OMOD_SHARED_SET(rb_cref_t *cref)
     cref->flags |= CREF_FL_OMOD_SHARED;
 }
 
+static inline int
+CREF_DYNAMIC(const rb_cref_t *cref)
+{
+    return cref->flags & CREF_FL_DYNAMIC_CREF;
+}
+
+static inline void
+CREF_DYNAMIC_SET(rb_cref_t *cref)
+{
+    cref->flags |= CREF_FL_DYNAMIC_CREF;
+}
+
 static inline void
 CREF_OMOD_SHARED_UNSET(rb_cref_t *cref)
 {
@@ -296,6 +323,11 @@ VALUE rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump(enum ruby_tag_type state, VALUE val);
 rb_cref_t *rb_vm_cref(void);
 rb_cref_t *rb_vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref(void);
 VALUE rb_vm_call_cfunc(VALUE recv, VALUE (*func)(VALUE), VALUE arg, VALUE block_handler, VALUE filename);
+VALUE rb_vm_call_cfunc_in_box(VALUE recv, VALUE (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg1, VALUE arg2, VALUE filename, const rb_box_t *box);
+void rb_vm_frame_flag_set_box_require(const rb_execution_context_t *ec);
+const rb_box_t *rb_vm_current_box(const rb_execution_context_t *ec);
+const rb_box_t *rb_vm_caller_box(const rb_execution_context_t *ec);
+const rb_box_t *rb_vm_loading_box(const rb_execution_context_t *ec);
 void rb_vm_set_progname(VALUE filename);
 VALUE rb_vm_cbase(void);
 
diff --git a/eval_jump.c b/eval_jump.c
index 7593a35e36..6ee8ff4a6f 100644
--- a/eval_jump.c
+++ b/eval_jump.c
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ exec_end_procs_chain(struct end_proc_data *volatile *procs, VALUE *errp)
     while ((link = *procs) != 0) {
         *procs = link->next;
         endproc = *link;
-        xfree(link);
+        SIZED_FREE(link);
         (*endproc.func) (endproc.data);
         *errp = errinfo;
     }
diff --git a/ext/-test-/RUBY_ALIGNOF/depend b/ext/-test-/RUBY_ALIGNOF/depend
index 25364e55fb..103d20b33c 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/RUBY_ALIGNOF/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/RUBY_ALIGNOF/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 c.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/abi/depend b/ext/-test-/abi/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..716a7b1356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/abi/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+abi.o: abi.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/arith_seq/beg_len_step/depend b/ext/-test-/arith_seq/beg_len_step/depend
index 702a0037a8..098c8ff1f0 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/arith_seq/beg_len_step/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/arith_seq/beg_len_step/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 beg_len_step.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/arith_seq/extract/depend b/ext/-test-/arith_seq/extract/depend
index fdbd71dfbc..5c07cea4b4 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/arith_seq/extract/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/arith_seq/extract/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 extract.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/array/concat/depend b/ext/-test-/array/concat/depend
index f2213a42ea..8edf45465f 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/array/concat/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/array/concat/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 to_ary_concat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/array/resize/depend b/ext/-test-/array/resize/depend
index f88a9d03c1..e6a228b43d 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/array/resize/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/array/resize/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 resize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/asan/asan.c b/ext/-test-/asan/asan.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 45b6253fda..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/asan/asan.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-
-static VALUE
-asan_enabled_p(VALUE self)
-{
-#if defined(__has_feature)
-    /* clang uses __has_feature for determining asan */
-    return __has_feature(address_sanitizer) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-#elif defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__)
-    /* GCC sets __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ for determining asan */
-    return Qtrue;
-#else
-    return Qfalse;
-#endif
-}
-
-void
-Init_asan(void)
-{
-    VALUE m = rb_define_module("Test");
-    VALUE c = rb_define_class_under(m, "ASAN", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(c, "enabled?", asan_enabled_p, 0);
-}
-
diff --git a/ext/-test-/asan/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/asan/extconf.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ec02742b81..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/asan/extconf.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require 'mkmf'
-create_makefile('-test-/asan')
diff --git a/ext/-test-/bignum/depend b/ext/-test-/bignum/depend
index 078915ab72..82972f1032 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/bignum/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/bignum/depend
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 big2str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 big2str.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+big2str.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 big2str.o: big2str.c
 bigzero.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 bigzero.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
@@ -166,6 +169,7 @@ bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -287,6 +291,7 @@ bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -318,6 +323,7 @@ bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 bigzero.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 bigzero.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+bigzero.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 bigzero.o: bigzero.c
 div.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 div.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
@@ -326,6 +332,7 @@ div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -447,6 +454,7 @@ div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -478,6 +486,7 @@ div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 div.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 div.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+div.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 div.o: div.c
 init.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 init.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
@@ -608,6 +617,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -646,6 +656,7 @@ intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -767,6 +778,7 @@ intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -798,6 +810,7 @@ intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 intpack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 intpack.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+intpack.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 intpack.o: intpack.c
 mul.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 mul.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
@@ -806,6 +819,7 @@ mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -927,6 +941,7 @@ mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -958,6 +973,7 @@ mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 mul.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 mul.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+mul.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 mul.o: mul.c
 str2big.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 str2big.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
@@ -966,6 +982,7 @@ str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -1087,6 +1104,7 @@ str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1118,5 +1136,6 @@ str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 str2big.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 str2big.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+str2big.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 str2big.o: str2big.c
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay1/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54387cedf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+create_makefile('-test-/box/yay1')
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.c b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..564a221c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "yay1.h"
+
+VALUE
+yay_value(void)
+{
+    return rb_str_new_cstr("yay");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+yay1_f_version(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return rb_str_new_cstr("1.0.0");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+yay1_yay(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return yay_value();
+}
+
+void
+Init_yay1(void)
+{
+    VALUE mod = rb_define_module("Yay");
+    rb_define_const(mod, "VERSION", rb_str_new_cstr("1.0.0"));
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "version", yay1_f_version, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "yay", yay1_yay, 0);
+}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.def b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..510fbe7017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.def
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+EXPORTS
+  Init_yay1
+  yay_value
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.h b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4dade928a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay1/yay1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
+
+RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE yay_value(void);
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay2/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..850ef3edc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+create_makefile('-test-/box/yay2')
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.c b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b632ae8495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "yay2.h"
+
+VALUE
+yay_value(void)
+{
+    return rb_str_new_cstr("yaaay");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+yay2_f_version(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return rb_str_new_cstr("2.0.0");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+yay2_yay(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return yay_value();
+}
+
+void
+Init_yay2(void)
+{
+    VALUE mod = rb_define_module("Yay");
+    rb_define_const(mod, "VERSION", rb_str_new_cstr("2.0.0"));
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "version", yay2_f_version, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "yay", yay2_yay, 0);
+}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.def b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..163fc44c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.def
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+EXPORTS
+  Init_yay2
+  yay_value
diff --git a/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.h b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4dade928a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/box/yay2/yay2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
+
+RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE yay_value(void);
diff --git a/ext/-test-/bug-14834/depend b/ext/-test-/bug-14834/depend
index 38429918b1..f83939d559 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/bug-14834/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/bug-14834/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bug-14834.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/bug-3571/depend b/ext/-test-/bug-3571/depend
index 84517a9c15..69c970b6f2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/bug-3571/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/bug-3571/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/bug-5832/depend b/ext/-test-/bug-5832/depend
index 84517a9c15..69c970b6f2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/bug-5832/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/bug-5832/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/bug_reporter/depend b/ext/-test-/bug_reporter/depend
index 1c73234247..e9993c3295 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/bug_reporter/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/bug_reporter/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bug_reporter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/class/depend b/ext/-test-/class/depend
index b0595fdc46..557206cefb 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/class/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/class/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 class2name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -287,6 +288,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/cxxanyargs.cpp b/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/cxxanyargs.cpp
index eded13e2ee..c7df7f9038 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/cxxanyargs.cpp
+++ b/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/cxxanyargs.cpp
@@ -97,31 +97,6 @@ struct test_rb_define_hooked_variable {
 };
 VALUE test_rb_define_hooked_variable::v = Qundef;
 
-namespace test_rb_iterate {
-    VALUE
-    iter(VALUE self)
-    {
-        return rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("yield"), 0);
-    }
-
-    VALUE
-    block(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(arg, param))
-    {
-        return rb_funcall(arg, rb_intern("=="), 1, param);
-    }
-
-    VALUE
-    test(VALUE self)
-    {
-#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
-        rb_iterate(iter, self, nullptr, self);
-#endif
-
-        rb_iterate(iter, self, RUBY_METHOD_FUNC(block), self); // old
-        return rb_iterate(iter, self, block, self); // new
-    }
-}
-
 namespace test_rb_block_call {
     VALUE
     block(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(arg, param))
@@ -936,7 +911,6 @@ Init_cxxanyargs(void)
 
     test(rb_define_virtual_variable);
     test(rb_define_hooked_variable);
-    test(rb_iterate);
     test(rb_block_call);
     test(rb_rescue);
     test(rb_rescue2);
diff --git a/ext/-test-/debug/depend b/ext/-test-/debug/depend
index 67e32c6aa6..4ae0378ef2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/debug/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/debug/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 inspector.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 profile_frames.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/dln/empty/depend b/ext/-test-/dln/empty/depend
index d3e606df57..58f1508598 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/dln/empty/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/dln/empty/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 empty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/econv/depend b/ext/-test-/econv/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a5bc9c659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/econv/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+append.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+append.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/encoding.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
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+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
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+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/encoding.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/pathname.h
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+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
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+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/onigmo.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+append.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+append.o: append.c
+init.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+init.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
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+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+init.o: init.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/ensure_and_callcc/depend b/ext/-test-/ensure_and_callcc/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54431847a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/ensure_and_callcc/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
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+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
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+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
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+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
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+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+ensure_and_callcc.o: ensure_and_callcc.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/enumerator_kw/depend b/ext/-test-/enumerator_kw/depend
index 85daa55b53..b6d2f0a998 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/enumerator_kw/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/enumerator_kw/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enumerator_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/eval/depend b/ext/-test-/eval/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03a1c7d7ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/eval/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+eval.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+eval.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+eval.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+eval.o: eval.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/exception/depend b/ext/-test-/exception/depend
index 7a0544b1e1..690e5ad377 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/exception/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/exception/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 dataerror.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -297,6 +298,7 @@ enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc_raise.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -459,6 +461,7 @@ ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ensured.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -619,6 +622,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/fatal/depend b/ext/-test-/fatal/depend
index 36b0ad4205..306bc9099c 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/fatal/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/fatal/depend
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -289,6 +290,7 @@ invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 invalid.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -449,6 +451,7 @@ rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rb_fatal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/fatal/invalid.c b/ext/-test-/fatal/invalid.c
index 393465416a..6fd970b181 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/fatal/invalid.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/fatal/invalid.c
@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 #include <ruby.h>
 
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
-# define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULONG(x)
-#elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
-# define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULL(x)
-#endif
-
 static VALUE
 invalid_call(VALUE obj, VALUE address)
 {
diff --git a/ext/-test-/file/depend b/ext/-test-/file/depend
index e985f914b2..fe320f3d44 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/file/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/file/depend
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 fs.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -300,6 +301,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 newline_conv.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -641,6 +644,7 @@ stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 stat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/float/depend b/ext/-test-/float/depend
index 3e34818d5f..334ed33c3b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/float/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/float/depend
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 nextafter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/funcall/depend b/ext/-test-/funcall/depend
index a5a30873ac..e54370306f 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/funcall/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/funcall/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 funcall.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/depend b/ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/depend
index 6463d4527d..236d1e1d3b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 call_without_gvl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/hash/depend b/ext/-test-/hash/depend
index 4bc4bfcdd6..416b93f9de 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/hash/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/hash/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 delete.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/integer/depend b/ext/-test-/integer/depend
index d89965e3d9..d0589b5e5d 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/integer/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/integer/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -158,8 +159,11 @@ core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 core_ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
+core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
+core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 core_ext.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
@@ -296,6 +300,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -456,6 +461,7 @@ my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 my_integer.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/iseq_load/depend b/ext/-test-/iseq_load/depend
index fd07b3199c..9361ddb938 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/iseq_load/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/iseq_load/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 iseq_load.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/iter/depend b/ext/-test-/iter/depend
index cff4b1bb43..161947382c 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/iter/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/iter/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 break.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 yield.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/dot.dot/depend b/ext/-test-/load/dot.dot/depend
index f9be79e957..339837d183 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/load/dot.dot/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/dot.dot/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 dot.dot.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/protect/depend b/ext/-test-/load/protect/depend
index 324c17237a..c76c6f88ed 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/load/protect/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/protect/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 protect.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_resolver/depend b/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_resolver/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f422898b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_resolver/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+resolve_symbol_resolver.o: resolve_symbol_resolver.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_target/depend b/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_target/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa0b5327be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/resolve_symbol_target/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+resolve_symbol_target.o: resolve_symbol_target.c
+resolve_symbol_target.o: resolve_symbol_target.h
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/stringify_symbols/depend b/ext/-test-/load/stringify_symbols/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4d79a7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/stringify_symbols/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+stringify_symbols.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+stringify_symbols.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+stringify_symbols.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/util.h
+stringify_symbols.o: stringify_symbols.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/load/stringify_target/depend b/ext/-test-/load/stringify_target/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c66575d4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/load/stringify_target/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+stringify_target.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+stringify_target.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+stringify_target.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+stringify_target.o: stringify_target.c
+stringify_target.o: stringify_target.h
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/marshal/compat/depend b/ext/-test-/marshal/compat/depend
index 8bcd9f8b5e..36b9235c23 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/marshal/compat/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/marshal/compat/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 usrcompat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/depend b/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/depend
index f8be031efc..a2e093d809 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 internal_ivar.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/internal_ivar.c b/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/internal_ivar.c
index b2188f737a..2e2f9cb235 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/internal_ivar.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/marshal/internal_ivar/internal_ivar.c
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #include <ruby.h>
 
-static ID id_normal_ivar, id_internal_ivar, id_encoding_short;
+static ID id_normal_ivar, id_internal_ivar, id_encoding_short, id_encoding_long;
 
 static VALUE
-init(VALUE self, VALUE arg1, VALUE arg2, VALUE arg3)
+init(VALUE self, VALUE arg1, VALUE arg2, VALUE arg3, VALUE arg4)
 {
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_normal_ivar, arg1);
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_internal_ivar, arg2);
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_encoding_short, arg3);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_encoding_long, arg4);
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -29,6 +30,12 @@ get_encoding_short(VALUE self)
     return rb_attr_get(self, id_encoding_short);
 }
 
+static VALUE
+get_encoding_long(VALUE self)
+{
+    return rb_attr_get(self, id_encoding_long);
+}
+
 void
 Init_internal_ivar(void)
 {
@@ -38,8 +45,10 @@ Init_internal_ivar(void)
     id_normal_ivar = rb_intern_const("normal");
     id_internal_ivar = rb_intern_const("K");
     id_encoding_short = rb_intern_const("E");
-    rb_define_method(newclass, "initialize", init, 3);
+    id_encoding_long = rb_intern_const("encoding");
+    rb_define_method(newclass, "initialize", init, 4);
     rb_define_method(newclass, "normal", get_normal, 0);
     rb_define_method(newclass, "internal", get_internal, 0);
     rb_define_method(newclass, "encoding_short", get_encoding_short, 0);
+    rb_define_method(newclass, "encoding_long", get_encoding_long, 0);
 }
diff --git a/ext/-test-/marshal/usr/depend b/ext/-test-/marshal/usr/depend
index 09e8207d3a..5ffb8c58de 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/marshal/usr/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/marshal/usr/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 usrmarshal.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/memory_view/depend b/ext/-test-/memory_view/depend
index 0c92fc1236..a6ffd76f45 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/memory_view/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/memory_view/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 memory_view.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/method/depend b/ext/-test-/method/depend
index dce2a815a4..95745b3dae 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/method/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/method/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 arity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/notimplement/depend b/ext/-test-/notimplement/depend
index 84517a9c15..69c970b6f2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/notimplement/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/notimplement/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bug.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/num2int/depend b/ext/-test-/num2int/depend
index 5550033be7..75536363ac 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/num2int/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/num2int/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 num2int.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/path_to_class/depend b/ext/-test-/path_to_class/depend
index a1657c9574..e535058e09 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/path_to_class/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/path_to_class/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 path_to_class.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/depend b/ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/depend
index 1904e64e59..0b8932e8b8 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 infinite_loop_dlsym.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/postponed_job/depend b/ext/-test-/postponed_job/depend
index 72250896b0..ff567e3921 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/postponed_job/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/postponed_job/depend
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 postponed_job.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/postponed_job/postponed_job.c b/ext/-test-/postponed_job/postponed_job.c
index 9ac866ae77..4426fc3104 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/postponed_job/postponed_job.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/postponed_job/postponed_job.c
@@ -36,38 +36,6 @@ pjob_callback(void *data)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-pjob_register(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    counter = 0;
-    rb_postponed_job_register(0, pjob_callback, (void *)obj);
-    rb_gc_start();
-    counter++;
-    rb_gc_start();
-    counter++;
-    rb_gc_start();
-    counter++;
-    return self;
-}
-
-static void
-pjob_one_callback(void *data)
-{
-    VALUE ary = (VALUE)data;
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-
-    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(1));
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pjob_register_one(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
 pjob_call_direct(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 {
     counter = 0;
@@ -83,48 +51,6 @@ pjob_call_direct(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 
 static void pjob_noop_callback(void *data) { }
 
-static VALUE
-pjob_register_one_same(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_gc_start();
-    int r1 = rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_noop_callback, NULL);
-    int r2 = rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_noop_callback, NULL);
-    int r3 = rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_noop_callback, NULL);
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(r1));
-    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(r2));
-    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(r3));
-    return ary;
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_H
-#include <pthread.h>
-
-static void *
-pjob_register_in_c_thread_i(void *obj)
-{
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    rb_postponed_job_register_one(0, pjob_one_callback, (void *)obj);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pjob_register_in_c_thread(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    pthread_t thread;
-    if (pthread_create(&thread, NULL, pjob_register_in_c_thread_i, (void *)obj)) {
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
-    if (pthread_join(thread, NULL)) {
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-#endif
-
 static void
 pjob_preregistered_callback(void *data)
 {
@@ -216,13 +142,7 @@ void
 Init_postponed_job(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE mBug = rb_define_module("Bug");
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_register", pjob_register, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_register_one", pjob_register_one, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_call_direct", pjob_call_direct, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_register_one_same", pjob_register_one_same, 0);
-#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_H
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_register_in_c_thread", pjob_register_in_c_thread, 1);
-#endif
     rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_preregister_and_call_with_sleep", pjob_preregister_and_call_with_sleep, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_preregister_and_call_without_sleep", pjob_preregister_and_call_without_sleep, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(mBug, "postponed_job_preregister_multiple_times", pjob_preregister_multiple_times, 0);
diff --git a/ext/-test-/printf/depend b/ext/-test-/printf/depend
index 0530df78bf..be895cf769 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/printf/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/printf/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 printf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/proc/depend b/ext/-test-/proc/depend
index 45e12bcd09..97834db0a2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/proc/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/proc/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 receiver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 super.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/random/depend b/ext/-test-/random/depend
index 71f5f6e1e6..380c30fbe4 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/random/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/random/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bad_version.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -447,6 +449,7 @@ loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 loop.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/rational/depend b/ext/-test-/rational/depend
index 363d779302..d949fca66b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/rational/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/rational/depend
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -162,8 +163,11 @@ rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 rat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
+rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
+rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
 rat.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/rb_call_super_kw/depend b/ext/-test-/rb_call_super_kw/depend
index 04a0fac12c..bf34323ca7 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/rb_call_super_kw/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/rb_call_super_kw/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rb_call_super_kw.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/recursion/depend b/ext/-test-/recursion/depend
index 2a65c98b09..b6487eb4df 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/recursion/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/recursion/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 recursion.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/regexp/depend b/ext/-test-/regexp/depend
index 0127a66a2e..5ba1b92f18 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/regexp/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/regexp/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 parse_depth_limit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/sanitizers/depend b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e6e632803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+sanitizers.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+sanitizers.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+sanitizers.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+sanitizers.o: sanitizers.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/sanitizers/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c94a96de6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+create_makefile('-test-/sanitizers')
diff --git a/ext/-test-/sanitizers/sanitizers.c b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/sanitizers.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97a85b26ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/sanitizers/sanitizers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+
+static VALUE
+asan_enabled_p(VALUE self)
+{
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    /* clang uses __has_feature for determining asan */
+    return __has_feature(address_sanitizer) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+#elif defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__)
+    /* GCC sets __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ for determining asan */
+    return Qtrue;
+#else
+    return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lsan_enabled_p(VALUE self)
+{
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    /* clang uses __has_feature for determining LSAN */
+    return __has_feature(leak_sanitizer) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+#else
+    return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+Init_sanitizers(void)
+{
+    VALUE m = rb_define_module("Test");
+    VALUE c = rb_define_class_under(m, "Sanitizers", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(c, "asan_enabled?", asan_enabled_p, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(c, "lsan_enabled?", lsan_enabled_p, 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/ext/-test-/scan_args/depend b/ext/-test-/scan_args/depend
index 922e5bbd5c..ca0fc19238 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/scan_args/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/scan_args/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 scan_args.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/scheduler/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/scheduler/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..159699bd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/scheduler/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+create_makefile("-test-/scheduler")
diff --git a/ext/-test-/scheduler/scheduler.c b/ext/-test-/scheduler/scheduler.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b742a5573b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/scheduler/scheduler.c
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
+#include "ruby/io.h"
+#include "ruby/fiber/scheduler.h"
+
+/*
+ * Test extension for reproducing the gRPC interrupt handling bug.
+ *
+ * This reproduces the exact issue from grpc/grpc commit 69f229e (June 2025):
+ * https://github.com/grpc/grpc/commit/69f229edd1d79ab7a7dfda98e3aef6fd807adcad
+ *
+ * The bug occurs when:
+ * 1. A fiber scheduler uses Thread.handle_interrupt(::SignalException => :never)
+ *    (like Async::Scheduler does)
+ * 2. Native code uses rb_thread_call_without_gvl in a retry loop that checks
+ *    the interrupted flag and retries (like gRPC's completion queue)
+ * 3. A signal (SIGINT/SIGTERM) is sent
+ * 4. The unblock_func sets interrupted=1, but Thread.handle_interrupt defers the signal
+ * 5. The loop sees interrupted=1 and retries without yielding to the scheduler
+ * 6. The deferred interrupt never gets processed -> infinite hang
+ *
+ * The fix is in vm_check_ints_blocking() in thread.c, which should yield to
+ * the fiber scheduler when interrupts are pending, allowing the scheduler to
+ * detect Thread.pending_interrupt? and exit its run loop.
+ */
+
+struct blocking_state {
+    int notify_descriptor;
+    volatile int interrupted;
+};
+
+static void
+unblock_callback(void *argument)
+{
+    struct blocking_state *blocking_state = (struct blocking_state *)argument;
+    blocking_state->interrupted = 1;
+}
+
+static void *
+blocking_operation(void *argument)
+{
+    struct blocking_state *blocking_state = (struct blocking_state *)argument;
+
+    ssize_t ret = write(blocking_state->notify_descriptor, "x", 1);
+    (void)ret; // ignore the result for now
+
+    while (!blocking_state->interrupted) {
+        struct timeval tv = {1, 0};  // 1 second timeout.
+        int result = select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+
+        if (result == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
+            blocking_state->interrupted = 1;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, timeout -> loop again.
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+scheduler_blocking_loop(VALUE self, VALUE notify)
+{
+    struct blocking_state blocking_state = {
+        .notify_descriptor = rb_io_descriptor(notify),
+        .interrupted = 0,
+    };
+
+    while (true) {
+        blocking_state.interrupted = 0;
+
+        rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+            blocking_operation, &blocking_state,
+            unblock_callback, &blocking_state
+        );
+
+        // The bug: When interrupted, loop retries without yielding to scheduler.
+        // With Thread.handle_interrupt(:never), this causes an infinite hang,
+        // because the deferred interrupt never gets a chance to be processed.
+    } while (blocking_state.interrupted);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+void
+Init_scheduler(void)
+{
+    VALUE mBug = rb_define_module("Bug");
+    VALUE mScheduler = rb_define_module_under(mBug, "Scheduler");
+
+    rb_define_module_function(mScheduler, "blocking_loop", scheduler_blocking_loop, 1);
+}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/st/foreach/depend b/ext/-test-/st/foreach/depend
index 36273f8df8..29aab2bb29 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/st/foreach/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/st/foreach/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 foreach.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c b/ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c
index 7fbf064694..5c1bfd1631 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c
@@ -14,13 +14,9 @@ force_unpack_check(struct checker *c, st_data_t key, st_data_t val)
     if (c->nr == 0) {
         st_data_t i;
 
-        if (c->tbl->bins != NULL) rb_bug("should be packed");
-
         /* force unpacking during iteration: */
         for (i = 1; i < expect_size; i++)
             st_add_direct(c->tbl, i, i);
-
-        if (c->tbl->bins == NULL) rb_bug("should be unpacked");
     }
 
     if (key != c->nr) {
@@ -84,8 +80,6 @@ unp_fec(VALUE self, VALUE test)
 
     st_add_direct(tbl, 0, 0);
 
-    if (tbl->bins != NULL) rb_bug("should still be packed");
-
     st_foreach_check(tbl, unp_fec_i, (st_data_t)&c, -1);
 
     if (c.test == ID2SYM(rb_intern("delete2"))) {
@@ -98,8 +92,6 @@ unp_fec(VALUE self, VALUE test)
                 (VALUE)c.nr, (VALUE)expect_size);
     }
 
-    if (tbl->bins == NULL) rb_bug("should be unpacked");
-
     st_free_table(tbl);
 
     return Qnil;
@@ -145,8 +137,6 @@ unp_fe(VALUE self, VALUE test)
 
     st_add_direct(tbl, 0, 0);
 
-    if (tbl->bins != NULL) rb_bug("should still be packed");
-
     st_foreach(tbl, unp_fe_i, (st_data_t)&c);
 
     if (c.test == ID2SYM(rb_intern("unpack_delete"))) {
@@ -159,8 +149,6 @@ unp_fe(VALUE self, VALUE test)
                 (VALUE)c.nr, (VALUE)expect_size);
     }
 
-    if (tbl->bins == NULL) rb_bug("should be unpacked");
-
     st_free_table(tbl);
 
     return Qnil;
diff --git a/ext/-test-/st/numhash/depend b/ext/-test-/st/numhash/depend
index a0916183b6..18320d55f5 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/st/numhash/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/st/numhash/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 numhash.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/st/update/depend b/ext/-test-/st/update/depend
index 96ba194df0..247f0efd6b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/st/update/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/st/update/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 update.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/stack/depend b/ext/-test-/stack/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77e93bb201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/stack/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+stack.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+stack.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/encoding.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/ctype.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/encoding.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/pathname.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/re.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/sprintf.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/symbol.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/transcode.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/onigmo.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+stack.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+stack.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+stack.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+stack.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+stack.o: stack.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/stack/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/stack/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d786b15db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/stack/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+require_relative "../auto_ext.rb"
+auto_ext(inc: true)
diff --git a/ext/-test-/stack/stack.c b/ext/-test-/stack/stack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0e65e74b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/stack/stack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "internal/string.h"
+
+static VALUE
+stack_overflow(VALUE self)
+{
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    while (1) {
+        // Allocate and touch memory to force actual stack usage:
+        volatile char *stack = alloca(1024);
+        stack[0] = (char)i;
+        stack[1023] = (char)i;
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+asan_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+#if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__) || __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+    return Qtrue;
+#else
+    return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+Init_stack(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cThread, "stack_overflow", stack_overflow, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cThread, "asan?", asan_p, 0);
+}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/string/cstr.c b/ext/-test-/string/cstr.c
index b0b1ef5374..931220b46b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/string/cstr.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/string/cstr.c
@@ -111,9 +111,10 @@ bug_str_s_cstr_noembed(VALUE self, VALUE str)
     FL_SET((str2), STR_NOEMBED);
     memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(str), capacity);
     RBASIC(str2)->flags &= ~(STR_SHARED | FL_USER5 | FL_USER6);
-    RSTRING(str2)->as.heap.aux.capa = capacity;
+    RSTRING(str2)->as.heap.aux.capa = RSTRING_LEN(str);
     RSTRING(str2)->as.heap.ptr = buf;
     RSTRING(str2)->len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+
     TERM_FILL(RSTRING_END(str2), TERM_LEN(str));
     return str2;
 }
diff --git a/ext/-test-/string/depend b/ext/-test-/string/depend
index 044b6109ff..478ae3b82b 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/string/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/string/depend
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@ capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 capacity.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+capacity.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
 capacity.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 capacity.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 capacity.o: capacity.c
@@ -472,6 +474,7 @@ coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 coderange.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -644,6 +647,7 @@ cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -676,6 +680,7 @@ cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 cstr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+cstr.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
 cstr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 cstr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 cstr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
@@ -809,6 +814,7 @@ ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ellipsize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -979,6 +985,7 @@ enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc_associate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1151,6 +1158,7 @@ enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc_dummy.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1322,6 +1330,7 @@ enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 enc_str_buf_cat.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1495,6 +1504,7 @@ fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1527,6 +1537,7 @@ fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 fstring.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+fstring.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
 fstring.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 fstring.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 fstring.o: fstring.c
@@ -1659,6 +1670,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1819,6 +1831,7 @@ modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 modify.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1989,6 +2002,7 @@ new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2151,6 +2165,7 @@ nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 nofree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2320,6 +2335,7 @@ normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 normalize.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2493,6 +2509,7 @@ qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 qsort.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2656,6 +2673,7 @@ rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rb_interned_str.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2816,6 +2834,7 @@ rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rb_str_dup.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2976,6 +2995,7 @@ set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 set_len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/string/fstring.c b/ext/-test-/string/fstring.c
index 71c4b7f97e..0b5940f28c 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/string/fstring.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/string/fstring.c
@@ -12,20 +12,20 @@ VALUE
 bug_s_fstring_fake_str(VALUE self)
 {
     static const char literal[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-    struct RString fake_str;
+    struct RString fake_str = {RBASIC_INIT};
     return rb_str_to_interned_str(rb_setup_fake_str(&fake_str, literal, sizeof(literal) - 1, 0));
 }
 
 VALUE
 bug_s_rb_enc_interned_str(VALUE self, VALUE encoding)
 {
-    return rb_enc_interned_str("foo", 3, NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : RDATA(encoding)->data);
+    return rb_enc_interned_str("foo", 3, NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(encoding));
 }
 
 VALUE
 bug_s_rb_enc_str_new(VALUE self, VALUE encoding)
 {
-    return rb_enc_str_new("foo", 3, NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : RDATA(encoding)->data);
+    return rb_enc_str_new("foo", 3, NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(encoding));
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/ext/-test-/struct/depend b/ext/-test-/struct/depend
index 951dddd5dd..e2638e4cdf 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/struct/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/struct/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 data.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 duplicate.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -608,6 +611,7 @@ len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 len.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -768,6 +772,7 @@ member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 member.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/symbol/depend b/ext/-test-/symbol/depend
index 7c76596fdf..b1d8e1aab6 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/symbol/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/symbol/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 type.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread/id/depend b/ext/-test-/thread/id/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b76b31ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/thread/id/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+id.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+id.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+id.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+id.o: id.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/depend b/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/depend
index a37e4d5675..63e1c7e44f 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 instrumentation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/instrumentation.c b/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/instrumentation.c
index d81bc0f2a7..25e2902a78 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/instrumentation.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/thread/instrumentation/instrumentation.c
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #  define RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
 #endif
 
-static VALUE last_thread = Qnil;
 static VALUE timeline_value = Qnil;
 
 struct thread_event {
@@ -211,9 +210,8 @@ Init_instrumentation(void)
     VALUE mBug = rb_define_module("Bug");
     VALUE klass = rb_define_module_under(mBug, "ThreadInstrumentation");
     rb_global_variable(&timeline_value);
-    timeline_value = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &event_timeline_type, 0);
+    timeline_value = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &event_timeline_type, (void *)1);
 
-    rb_global_variable(&last_thread);
     rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "register_callback", thread_register_callback, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "unregister_callback", thread_unregister_callback, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "register_and_unregister_callbacks", thread_register_and_unregister_callback, 0);
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread/lock_native_thread/depend b/ext/-test-/thread/lock_native_thread/depend
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a32843e531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/-test-/thread/lock_native_thread/depend
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
+lock_native_thread.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+lock_native_thread.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+lock_native_thread.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/thread.h
+lock_native_thread.o: lock_native_thread.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/depend b/ext/-test-/thread_fd/depend
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fda9f6dbf..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/depend
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
-thread_fd.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
-thread_fd.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
-thread_fd.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
-thread_fd.o: thread_fd.c
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/extconf.rb b/ext/-test-/thread_fd/extconf.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a8bbe9d169..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/extconf.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-create_makefile('-test-/thread_fd')
diff --git a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/thread_fd.c b/ext/-test-/thread_fd/thread_fd.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 042b799dc8..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/thread_fd/thread_fd.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-
-static VALUE
-thread_fd_close(VALUE ign, VALUE fd)
-{
-    rb_thread_fd_close(NUM2INT(fd));
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-thread_fd_wait(VALUE ign, VALUE fd)
-{
-    int ret = rb_thread_wait_fd(NUM2INT(fd));
-    return INT2NUM(ret);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-thread_fd_writable(VALUE ign, VALUE fd)
-{
-    int ret = rb_thread_fd_writable(NUM2INT(fd));
-    return INT2NUM(ret);
-}
-
-void
-Init_thread_fd(void)
-{
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cIO, "thread_fd_close", thread_fd_close, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cIO, "thread_fd_wait", thread_fd_wait, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cIO, "thread_fd_writable", thread_fd_writable, 1);
-}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/time/depend b/ext/-test-/time/depend
index 5ed791bcc5..e5b05f3113 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/time/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/time/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -289,6 +290,7 @@ leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 leap_second.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -453,6 +455,7 @@ new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 new.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/time/leap_second.c b/ext/-test-/time/leap_second.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ee7011fa97..0000000000
--- a/ext/-test-/time/leap_second.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "internal/time.h"
-
-static VALUE
-bug_time_s_reset_leap_second_info(VALUE klass)
-{
-    ruby_reset_leap_second_info();
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-void
-Init_time_leap_second(VALUE klass)
-{
-    rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "reset_leap_second_info", bug_time_s_reset_leap_second_info, 0);
-}
diff --git a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/depend b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/depend
index 133663b3bd..014ba83b16 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 gc_hook.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 tracepoint.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/gc_hook.c b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/gc_hook.c
index 54c06c54a5..525be6da63 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/gc_hook.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/gc_hook.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "ruby/debug.h"
 
 static int invoking; /* TODO: should not be global variable */
+extern VALUE tp_mBug;
 
 static VALUE
 invoke_proc_ensure(VALUE _)
@@ -17,9 +18,9 @@ invoke_proc_begin(VALUE proc)
 }
 
 static void
-invoke_proc(void *data)
+invoke_proc(void *ivar_name)
 {
-    VALUE proc = (VALUE)data;
+    VALUE proc = rb_ivar_get(tp_mBug, rb_intern(ivar_name));
     invoking += 1;
     rb_ensure(invoke_proc_begin, proc, invoke_proc_ensure, 0);
 }
@@ -40,16 +41,16 @@ gc_start_end_i(VALUE tpval, void *data)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-set_gc_hook(VALUE module, VALUE proc, rb_event_flag_t event, const char *tp_str, const char *proc_str)
+set_gc_hook(VALUE proc, rb_event_flag_t event, const char *tp_str, const char *proc_str)
 {
     VALUE tpval;
     ID tp_key = rb_intern(tp_str);
 
     /* disable previous keys */
-    if (rb_ivar_defined(module, tp_key) != 0 &&
-        RTEST(tpval = rb_ivar_get(module, tp_key))) {
+    if (rb_ivar_defined(tp_mBug, tp_key) != 0 &&
+        RTEST(tpval = rb_ivar_get(tp_mBug, tp_key))) {
         rb_tracepoint_disable(tpval);
-        rb_ivar_set(module, tp_key, Qnil);
+        rb_ivar_set(tp_mBug, tp_key, Qnil);
     }
 
     if (RTEST(proc)) {
@@ -57,8 +58,9 @@ set_gc_hook(VALUE module, VALUE proc, rb_event_flag_t event, const char *tp_str,
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "trace_func needs to be Proc");
         }
 
-        tpval = rb_tracepoint_new(0, event, gc_start_end_i, (void *)proc);
-        rb_ivar_set(module, tp_key, tpval);
+        rb_ivar_set(tp_mBug, rb_intern(proc_str), proc);
+        tpval = rb_tracepoint_new(0, event, gc_start_end_i, (void *)proc_str);
+        rb_ivar_set(tp_mBug, tp_key, tpval);
         rb_tracepoint_enable(tpval);
     }
 
@@ -66,16 +68,16 @@ set_gc_hook(VALUE module, VALUE proc, rb_event_flag_t event, const char *tp_str,
 }
 
 static VALUE
-set_after_gc_start(VALUE module, VALUE proc)
+set_after_gc_start(VALUE _self, VALUE proc)
 {
-    return set_gc_hook(module, proc, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_START,
+    return set_gc_hook(proc, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_START,
                        "__set_after_gc_start_tpval__", "__set_after_gc_start_proc__");
 }
 
 static VALUE
-start_after_gc_exit(VALUE module, VALUE proc)
+start_after_gc_exit(VALUE _self, VALUE proc)
 {
-    return set_gc_hook(module, proc, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT,
+    return set_gc_hook(proc, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT,
                        "__set_after_gc_exit_tpval__", "__set_after_gc_exit_proc__");
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/tracepoint.c b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/tracepoint.c
index 2826cc038c..001d9513b2 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/tracepoint/tracepoint.c
+++ b/ext/-test-/tracepoint/tracepoint.c
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/debug.h"
 
+VALUE tp_mBug;
+
 struct tracepoint_track {
     size_t newobj_count;
     size_t free_count;
@@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ void Init_gc_hook(VALUE);
 void
 Init_tracepoint(void)
 {
-    VALUE mBug = rb_define_module("Bug");
-    Init_gc_hook(mBug);
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "tracepoint_track_objspace_events", tracepoint_track_objspace_events, 0);
-    rb_define_module_function(mBug, "tracepoint_specify_normal_and_internal_events", tracepoint_specify_normal_and_internal_events, 0);
+    tp_mBug = rb_define_module("Bug"); // GC root
+    Init_gc_hook(tp_mBug);
+    rb_define_module_function(tp_mBug, "tracepoint_track_objspace_events", tracepoint_track_objspace_events, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(tp_mBug, "tracepoint_specify_normal_and_internal_events", tracepoint_specify_normal_and_internal_events, 0);
 }
diff --git a/ext/-test-/typeddata/depend b/ext/-test-/typeddata/depend
index 6c0847c82d..b9b4915eee 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/typeddata/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/typeddata/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 typeddata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/vm/depend b/ext/-test-/vm/depend
index 422b40a32d..9313f2ee36 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/vm/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/vm/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 at_exit.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/-test-/wait/depend b/ext/-test-/wait/depend
index 7997a16709..f793d84831 100644
--- a/ext/-test-/wait/depend
+++ b/ext/-test-/wait/depend
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/.document b/ext/.document
index 0efd511a61..d75c5c3d35 100644
--- a/ext/.document
+++ b/ext/.document
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # Add files to this as they become documented
 
-bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c
-bigdecimal/lib
 cgi/escape/escape.c
 continuation/continuation.c
 coverage/coverage.c
@@ -21,24 +19,12 @@ digest/sha2/sha2init.c
 digest/sha2/lib
 etc/etc.c
 fcntl/fcntl.c
-fiddle/closure.c
-fiddle/conversions.c
-fiddle/fiddle.c
-fiddle/function.c
-fiddle/pinned.c
-fiddle/pointer.c
-fiddle/handle.c
-fiddle/lib
 io/console/
 io/nonblock/nonblock.c
 io/wait/wait.c
 json/generator/generator.c
 json/lib
 json/parser/parser.c
-monitor/lib
-monitor/monitor.c
-nkf/lib
-nkf/nkf.c
 objspace/objspace.c
 objspace/objspace_dump.c
 objspace/object_tracing.c
@@ -76,8 +62,6 @@ openssl/ossl_x509name.c
 openssl/ossl_x509req.c
 openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
 openssl/ossl_x509store.c
-pathname/lib
-pathname/pathname.c
 psych/lib
 psych/psych.c
 psych/psych_emitter.c
@@ -86,17 +70,12 @@ psych/psych_to_ruby.c
 psych/psych_yaml_tree.c
 pty/lib
 pty/pty.c
-racc/cparse/cparse.c
 rbconfig/sizeof/*.c
-readline/readline.c
 ripper/lib
 socket
 stringio/stringio.c
+strscan/lib
 strscan/strscan.c
-syslog/syslog.c
-syslog/lib
 win32/lib
 win32/resolv/*.c
-win32ole/lib
-win32ole/*.c
 zlib/zlib.c
diff --git a/ext/Setup b/ext/Setup
index 9c3e2f48fe..5cd4e95e27 100644
--- a/ext/Setup
+++ b/ext/Setup
@@ -1,39 +1,34 @@
 #option nodynamic
 
-#bigdecimal
 #cgi/escape
 #continuation
 #coverage
 #date
-#digest/bubblebabble
 #digest
+#digest/bubblebabble
 #digest/md5
 #digest/rmd160
 #digest/sha1
 #digest/sha2
+#erb/escape
 #etc
 #fcntl
-#fiddle
 #io/console
 #io/nonblock
 #io/wait
 #json
 #json/generator
 #json/parser
-#nkf
 #objspace
 #openssl
-#pathname
 #psych
 #pty
-#racc/cparse
 #rbconfig/sizeof
-#readline
 #ripper
+#rubyvm
 #socket
 #stringio
 #strscan
-#syslog
 #win32
-#win32ole
+#win32/resolv
 #zlib
diff --git a/ext/Setup.atheos b/ext/Setup.atheos
index 91f73f32f9..73c8d5d5a8 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.atheos
+++ b/ext/Setup.atheos
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 option nodynamic
 
-bigdecimal
 cgi/escape
-digest
-digest/md5
-digest/rmd160
-digest/sha1
-digest/sha2
+continuation
+coverage
+date
+digest/*
+erb/escape
 etc
 fcntl
-io/wait
-nkf
+io/*
+json
+json/*
+objspace
 #openssl
 pty
-#racc/cparse
-readline
+rbconfig/sizeof
 ripper
 socket
 stringio
 strscan
 syslog
-#win32ole
 zlib
diff --git a/ext/Setup.nt b/ext/Setup.nt
index 1278f183e4..a9e87249d3 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.nt
+++ b/ext/Setup.nt
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
 #option platform cygwin|mingw|mswin
 #option nodynamic
 
-bigdecimal
 cgi/escape
-digest
-digest/md5
-digest/rmd160
-digest/sha1
-digest/sha2
+continuation
+coverage
+date
+digest/*
+erb/escape
 etc
 fcntl
-#io/wait
-nkf
+io/*
+json
+json/*
+objspace
 #openssl
-#pty
-#racc/cparse
-#readline
+rbconfig/sizeof
 #ripper
 socket
 stringio
 strscan
 #syslog
-win32ole
 #zlib
diff --git a/ext/cgi/escape/depend b/ext/cgi/escape/depend
index 746b47246a..05b59bfdea 100644
--- a/ext/cgi/escape/depend
+++ b/ext/cgi/escape/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 escape.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c b/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
index 495ad83aa3..4773186603 100644
--- a/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
+++ b/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RUBY_EXTERN const signed char ruby_digit36_to_number_table[];
 #define upper_hexdigits (ruby_hexdigits+16)
 #define char_to_number(c) ruby_digit36_to_number_table[(unsigned char)(c)]
 
-static VALUE rb_cCGI, rb_mUtil, rb_mEscape;
+static VALUE rb_cCGI, rb_mEscape, rb_mEscapeExt;
 static ID id_accept_charset;
 
 #define HTML_ESCAPE_MAX_LEN 6
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ escaped_length(VALUE str)
 static VALUE
 optimized_escape_html(VALUE str)
 {
+    VALUE escaped;
     VALUE vbuf;
     char *buf = ALLOCV_N(char, vbuf, escaped_length(str));
     const char *cstr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
@@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ optimized_escape_html(VALUE str)
         }
     }
 
-    VALUE escaped;
     if (RSTRING_LEN(str) < (dest - buf)) {
         escaped = rb_str_new(buf, dest - buf);
         preserve_original_state(str, escaped);
@@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ Init_escape(void)
 void
 InitVM_escape(void)
 {
-    rb_cCGI    = rb_define_class("CGI", rb_cObject);
-    rb_mEscape = rb_define_module_under(rb_cCGI, "Escape");
-    rb_mUtil   = rb_define_module_under(rb_cCGI, "Util");
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "escapeHTML", cgiesc_escape_html, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "unescapeHTML", cgiesc_unescape_html, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "escapeURIComponent", cgiesc_escape_uri_component, 1);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_mEscape, "escape_uri_component", "escapeURIComponent");
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "unescapeURIComponent", cgiesc_unescape_uri_component, -1);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_mEscape, "unescape_uri_component", "unescapeURIComponent");
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "escape", cgiesc_escape, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEscape, "unescape", cgiesc_unescape, -1);
-    rb_prepend_module(rb_mUtil, rb_mEscape);
-    rb_extend_object(rb_cCGI, rb_mEscape);
+    rb_cCGI       = rb_define_class("CGI", rb_cObject);
+    rb_mEscapeExt = rb_define_module_under(rb_cCGI, "EscapeExt");
+    rb_mEscape    = rb_define_module_under(rb_cCGI, "Escape");
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "escapeHTML", cgiesc_escape_html, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "unescapeHTML", cgiesc_unescape_html, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "escapeURIComponent", cgiesc_escape_uri_component, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_mEscapeExt, "escape_uri_component", "escapeURIComponent");
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "unescapeURIComponent", cgiesc_unescape_uri_component, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_mEscapeExt, "unescape_uri_component", "unescapeURIComponent");
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "escape", cgiesc_escape, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEscapeExt, "unescape", cgiesc_unescape, -1);
+    rb_prepend_module(rb_mEscape, rb_mEscapeExt);
+    rb_extend_object(rb_cCGI, rb_mEscapeExt);
 }
diff --git a/ext/continuation/depend b/ext/continuation/depend
index b40e52e29b..b395d3d4d7 100644
--- a/ext/continuation/depend
+++ b/ext/continuation/depend
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 continuation.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/coverage/coverage.c b/ext/coverage/coverage.c
index 1519b559cd..1b0280b460 100644
--- a/ext/coverage/coverage.c
+++ b/ext/coverage/coverage.c
@@ -52,17 +52,29 @@ rb_coverage_supported(VALUE self, VALUE _mode)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Coverage.setup                                                          => nil
- *    Coverage.setup(:all)                                                    => nil
- *    Coverage.setup(lines: bool, branches: bool, methods: bool, eval: bool)  => nil
- *    Coverage.setup(oneshot_lines: true)                                     => nil
+ *    Coverage.setup -> nil
+ *    Coverage.setup(type) -> nil
+ *    Coverage.setup(lines: false, branches: false, methods: false, eval: false, oneshot_lines: false) -> nil
  *
- * Set up the coverage measurement.
+ * Performs setup for coverage measurement, but does not start coverage measurement.
+ * To start coverage measurement, use Coverage.resume.
  *
- * Note that this method does not start the measurement itself.
- * Use Coverage.resume to start the measurement.
+ * To perform both setup and start coverage measurement, Coverage.start can be used.
  *
- * You may want to use Coverage.start to setup and then start the measurement.
+ * With argument +type+ given and +type+ is symbol +:all+, enables all types of coverage
+ * (lines, branches, methods, and eval).
+ *
+ * Keyword arguments or hash +type+ can be given with each of the following keys:
+ *
+ * - +lines+: Enables line coverage that records the number of times each line was executed.
+ *   If +lines+ is enabled, +oneshot_lines+ cannot be enabled.
+ *   See {Lines Coverage}[rdoc-ref:Coverage@Lines+Coverage].
+ * - +branches+: Enables branch coverage that records the number of times each
+ *   branch in each conditional was executed. See {Branches Coverage}[rdoc-ref:Coverage@Branches+Coverage].
+ * - +methods+: Enables method coverage that records the number of times each method was exectued.
+ *   See {Methods Coverage}[rdoc-ref:Coverage@Methods+Coverage].
+ * - +eval+: Enables coverage for evaluations (e.g. Kernel#eval, Module#class_eval).
+ *   See {Eval Coverage}[rdoc-ref:Coverage@Eval+Coverage].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_coverage_setup(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
@@ -152,14 +164,14 @@ rb_coverage_resume(VALUE klass)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Coverage.start                                                          => nil
- *    Coverage.start(:all)                                                    => nil
- *    Coverage.start(lines: bool, branches: bool, methods: bool, eval: bool)  => nil
- *    Coverage.start(oneshot_lines: true)                                     => nil
- *
- * Enables the coverage measurement.
- * See the documentation of Coverage class in detail.
- * This is equivalent to Coverage.setup and Coverage.resume.
+ *    Coverage.start -> nil
+ *    Coverage.start(type) -> nil
+ *    Coverage.start(lines: false, branches: false, methods: false, eval: false, oneshot_lines: false) -> nil
+ *
+ * Enables coverage measurement.
+ * This method is equivalent to calling Coverage.setup with the arguments provided,
+ * and then calling Coverage.resume. See their respective documentation for more
+ * details.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_coverage_start(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
@@ -337,7 +349,7 @@ coverage_peek_result_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t h)
  *     Coverage.peek_result  => hash
  *
  * Returns a hash that contains filename as key and coverage array as value.
- * This is the same as `Coverage.result(stop: false, clear: false)`.
+ * This is the same as <tt>Coverage.result(stop: false, clear: false)</tt>.
  *
  *   {
  *     "file.rb" => [1, 2, nil],
@@ -352,7 +364,6 @@ rb_coverage_peek_result(VALUE klass)
     if (!RTEST(coverages)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "coverage measurement is not enabled");
     }
-    OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(coverages);
 
     rb_hash_foreach(coverages, coverage_peek_result_i, ncoverages);
 
@@ -468,151 +479,217 @@ rb_coverage_running(VALUE klass)
     return current_state == RUNNING ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/* Coverage provides coverage measurement feature for Ruby.
- * This feature is experimental, so these APIs may be changed in future.
+/* \Coverage provides coverage measurement feature for Ruby.
  *
- * Caveat: Currently, only process-global coverage measurement is supported.
- * You cannot measure per-thread coverage.
+ * Only process-global coverage measurement is supported, meaning
+ * that coverage cannot be measure on a per-thread basis.
  *
- * = Usage
+ * = Quick Start
  *
- * 1. require "coverage"
- * 2. do Coverage.start
- * 3. require or load Ruby source file
- * 4. Coverage.result will return a hash that contains filename as key and
- *    coverage array as value. A coverage array gives, for each line, the
- *    number of line execution by the interpreter. A +nil+ value means
- *    coverage is disabled for this line (lines like +else+ and +end+).
+ * 1. Load coverage using <tt>require "coverage"</tt>.
+ * 2. Call Coverage.start to set up and begin coverage measurement.
+ * 3. All Ruby code loaded following the call to Coverage.start will have
+ *    coverage measurement.
+ * 4. Coverage results can be fetched by calling Coverage.result, which returns a
+ *    hash that contains filenames as the keys and coverage arrays as the values.
+ *    Each element of the coverage array gives the number of times each line was
+ *    executed. A +nil+ value means coverage was disabled for that line (e.g.
+ *    lines like +else+ and +end+).
  *
  * = Examples
  *
- *   [foo.rb]
- *   s = 0
- *   10.times do |x|
- *     s += x
- *   end
+ * In file +fib.rb+:
  *
- *   if s == 45
- *     p :ok
- *   else
- *     p :ng
+ *   def fibonacci(n)
+ *     if n == 0
+ *       0
+ *     elsif n == 1
+ *       1
+ *     else
+ *       fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
+ *     end
  *   end
- *   [EOF]
+ *
+ *   puts fibonacci(10)
+ *
+ * In another file, coverage can be measured:
  *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start
- *   require "foo.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result  #=> {"foo.rb"=>[1, 1, 10, nil, nil, 1, 1, nil, 0, nil]}
+ *   require "fib.rb"
+ *   Coverage.result # => {"fib.rb" => [1, 177, 34, 143, 55, nil, 88, nil, nil, nil, 1]}
  *
- * == Lines Coverage
+ * == Lines \Coverage
  *
- * If a coverage mode is not explicitly specified when starting coverage, lines
- * coverage is what will run. It reports the number of line executions for each
- * line.
+ * Lines coverage reports the number of line executions for each line.
+ * If the coverage mode is not explicitly specified when starting coverage,
+ * lines coverage is used as the default.
  *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start(lines: true)
- *   require "foo.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result #=> {"foo.rb"=>{:lines=>[1, 1, 10, nil, nil, 1, 1, nil, 0, nil]}}
+ *   require "fib"
+ *   Coverage.result # => {"fib.rb" => {lines: [1, 177, 34, 143, 55, nil, 88, nil, nil, nil, 1]}}
+ *
+ * The returned hash differs depending on how Coverage.setup or Coverage.start
+ * was executed.
+ *
+ * If Coverage.start or Coverage.setup was called with no arguments, it returns a
+ * hash which contains filenames as the keys and coverage arrays as the values.
  *
- * The value of the lines coverage result is an array containing how many times
- * each line was executed. Order in this array is important. For example, the
- * first item in this array, at index 0, reports how many times line 1 of this
- * file was executed while coverage was run (which, in this example, is one
- * time).
+ * If Coverage.start or Coverage.setup was called with <tt>line: true</tt>, it
+ * returns a hash which contains filenames as the keys and hashes as the values.
+ * The value hash has a key +:lines+ where the value is a coverage array.
  *
- * A +nil+ value means coverage is disabled for this line (lines like +else+
- * and +end+).
+ * Each element of the coverage array gives the number of times the line was
+ * executed. A +nil+ value in the coverage array means coverage was disabled
+ * for that line (e.g. lines like +else+ and +end+).
  *
- * == Oneshot Lines Coverage
+ * == Oneshot Lines \Coverage
  *
- * Oneshot lines coverage tracks and reports on the executed lines while
- * coverage is running. It will not report how many times a line was executed,
- * only that it was executed.
+ * Oneshot lines coverage is similar to lines coverage, but instead of reporting
+ * the number of times a line was executed, it only reports the lines that were
+ * executed.
  *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start(oneshot_lines: true)
- *   require "foo.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result #=> {"foo.rb"=>{:oneshot_lines=>[1, 2, 3, 6, 7]}}
+ *   require "fib"
+ *   Coverage.result # => {"fib.rb" => {oneshot_lines: [1, 11, 2, 4, 7, 5, 3]}}
  *
  * The value of the oneshot lines coverage result is an array containing the
  * line numbers that were executed.
  *
- * == Branches Coverage
+ * == Branches \Coverage
  *
- * Branches coverage reports how many times each branch within each conditional
+ * Branches coverage reports the number of times each branch within each conditional
  * was executed.
  *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start(branches: true)
- *   require "foo.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result #=> {"foo.rb"=>{:branches=>{[:if, 0, 6, 0, 10, 3]=>{[:then, 1, 7, 2, 7, 7]=>1, [:else, 2, 9, 2, 9, 7]=>0}}}}
+ *   require "fib"
+ *   Coverage.result
+ *   # => {"fib.rb" => {
+ *   #      branches: {
+ *   #        [:if, 0, 2, 2, 8, 5] => {
+ *   #          [:then, 1, 3, 4, 3, 5] => 34,
+ *   #          [:else, 2, 4, 2, 8, 5] => 143},
+ *   #        [:if, 3, 4, 2, 8, 5] => {
+ *   #          [:then, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5] => 55,
+ *   #          [:else, 5, 7, 4, 7, 39] => 88}}}}
  *
  * Each entry within the branches hash is a conditional, the value of which is
- * another hash where each entry is a branch in that conditional. The values
- * are the number of times the method was executed, and the keys are identifying
- * information about the branch.
+ * another hash where each entry is a branch in that conditional. The keys are
+ * arrays containing information about the branch and the values are the number
+ * of times the branch was executed.
  *
- * The information that makes up each key identifying branches or conditionals
- * is the following, from left to right:
+ * The information that makes up the array that are the keys for conditional or
+ * branches are the following, from left to right:
  *
- * 1. A label for the type of branch or conditional.
+ * 1. A label for the type of branch or conditional (e.g. +:if+, +:then+, +:else+).
  * 2. A unique identifier.
- * 3. The starting line number it appears on in the file.
- * 4. The starting column number it appears on in the file.
- * 5. The ending line number it appears on in the file.
- * 6. The ending column number it appears on in the file.
+ * 3. Starting line number.
+ * 4. Starting column number.
+ * 5. Ending line number.
+ * 6. Ending column number.
  *
- * == Methods Coverage
+ * == Methods \Coverage
  *
  * Methods coverage reports how many times each method was executed.
  *
- *   [foo_method.rb]
- *   class Greeter
- *     def greet
- *       "welcome!"
- *     end
- *   end
- *
- *   def hello
- *     "Hi"
- *   end
- *
- *   hello()
- *   Greeter.new.greet()
- *   [EOF]
- *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start(methods: true)
- *   require "foo_method.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result #=> {"foo_method.rb"=>{:methods=>{[Object, :hello, 7, 0, 9, 3]=>1, [Greeter, :greet, 2, 2, 4, 5]=>1}}}
+ *   require "fib"
+ *   p Coverage.result #=> {"fib.rb" => {methods: {[Object, :fibonacci, 1, 0, 9, 3] => 177}}}
  *
- * Each entry within the methods hash represents a method. The values in this
- * hash are the number of times the method was executed, and the keys are
+ * Each entry within the methods hash represents a method. The keys are arrays
+ * containing hash are the number of times the method was executed, and the keys are
  * identifying information about the method.
  *
  * The information that makes up each key identifying a method is the following,
  * from left to right:
  *
- * 1. The class.
- * 2. The method name.
- * 3. The starting line number the method appears on in the file.
- * 4. The starting column number the method appears on in the file.
- * 5. The ending line number the method appears on in the file.
- * 6. The ending column number the method appears on in the file.
+ * 1. Class that the method was defined in.
+ * 2. Method name as a Symbol.
+ * 3. Starting line number of the method.
+ * 4. Starting column number of the method.
+ * 5. Ending line number of the method.
+ * 6. Ending column number of the method.
  *
- * == All Coverage Modes
+ * == Eval \Coverage
  *
- * You can also run all modes of coverage simultaneously with this shortcut.
- * Note that running all coverage modes does not run both lines and oneshot
- * lines. Those modes cannot be run simultaneously. Lines coverage is run in
- * this case, because you can still use it to determine whether or not a line
- * was executed.
+ * Eval coverage can be combined with the coverage types above to track
+ * coverage for eval.
+ *
+ *   require "coverage"
+ *   Coverage.start(eval: true, lines: true)
+ *
+ *   eval(<<~RUBY, nil, "eval 1")
+ *     ary = []
+ *     10.times do |i|
+ *       ary << "hello" * i
+ *     end
+ *   RUBY
+ *
+ *   Coverage.result # => {"eval 1" => {lines: [1, 1, 10, nil]}}
+ *
+ * Note that the eval must have a filename assigned, otherwise coverage
+ * will not be measured.
+ *
+ *   require "coverage"
+ *   Coverage.start(eval: true, lines: true)
+ *
+ *   eval(<<~RUBY)
+ *     ary = []
+ *     10.times do |i|
+ *       ary << "hello" * i
+ *     end
+ *   RUBY
+ *
+ *   Coverage.result # => {"(eval)" => {lines: [nil, nil, nil, nil]}}
+ *
+ * Also note that if a line number is assigned to the eval and it is not 1,
+ * then the resulting coverage will be padded with +nil+ if the line number is
+ * greater than 1, and truncated if the line number is less than 1.
+ *
+ *   require "coverage"
+ *   Coverage.start(eval: true, lines: true)
+ *
+ *   eval(<<~RUBY, nil, "eval 1", 3)
+ *     ary = []
+ *     10.times do |i|
+ *       ary << "hello" * i
+ *     end
+ *   RUBY
+ *
+ *  eval(<<~RUBY, nil, "eval 2", -1)
+ *     ary = []
+ *     10.times do |i|
+ *       ary << "hello" * i
+ *     end
+ *   RUBY
+ *
+ *   Coverage.result
+ *   # => {"eval 1" => {lines: [nil, nil, 1, 1, 10, nil]}, "eval 2" => {lines: [10, nil]}}
+ *
+ * == All \Coverage Modes
+ *
+ * All modes of coverage can be enabled simultaneously using the Symbol +:all+.
+ * However, note that this mode runs lines coverage and not oneshot lines since
+ * they cannot be ran simultaneously.
  *
  *   require "coverage"
  *   Coverage.start(:all)
- *   require "foo.rb"
- *   p Coverage.result #=> {"foo.rb"=>{:lines=>[1, 1, 10, nil, nil, 1, 1, nil, 0, nil], :branches=>{[:if, 0, 6, 0, 10, 3]=>{[:then, 1, 7, 2, 7, 7]=>1, [:else, 2, 9, 2, 9, 7]=>0}}, :methods=>{}}}
+ *   require "fib"
+ *   Coverage.result
+ *   # => {"fib.rb" => {
+ *   #      lines: [1, 177, 34, 143, 55, nil, 88, nil, nil, nil, 1],
+ *   #      branches: {
+ *   #        [:if, 0, 2, 2, 8, 5] => {
+ *   #          [:then, 1, 3, 4, 3, 5] => 34,
+ *   #          [:else, 2, 4, 2, 8, 5] => 143},
+ *   #        [:if, 3, 4, 2, 8, 5] => {
+ *   #          [:then, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5] => 55,
+ *   #          [:else, 5, 7, 4, 7, 39] => 88}}}},
+ *   #      methods: {[Object, :fibonacci, 1, 0, 9, 3] => 177}}}
  */
 void
 Init_coverage(void)
diff --git a/ext/coverage/depend b/ext/coverage/depend
index 1be81c5e9a..fb7f9a95af 100644
--- a/ext/coverage/depend
+++ b/ext/coverage/depend
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 coverage.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -182,12 +183,14 @@ coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
 coverage.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
diff --git a/ext/coverage/lib/coverage.rb b/ext/coverage/lib/coverage.rb
index f1923ef366..4bd20e22cb 100644
--- a/ext/coverage/lib/coverage.rb
+++ b/ext/coverage/lib/coverage.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 require "coverage.so"
 
 module Coverage
+  # call-seq:
+  #   line_stub(file) -> array
+  #
+  # A simple helper function that creates the "stub" of line coverage
+  # from a given source code.
   def self.line_stub(file)
     lines = File.foreach(file).map { nil }
     iseqs = [RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_file(file)]
diff --git a/ext/date/date.gemspec b/ext/date/date.gemspec
index f118456810..cb439bd0a5 100644
--- a/ext/date/date.gemspec
+++ b/ext/date/date.gemspec
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     s.require_path = %w{lib}
 
     s.files = [
-      "README.md",
+      "README.md", "COPYING", "BSDL",
       "lib/date.rb", "ext/date/date_core.c", "ext/date/date_parse.c", "ext/date/date_strftime.c",
       "ext/date/date_strptime.c", "ext/date/date_tmx.h", "ext/date/extconf.rb", "ext/date/prereq.mk",
       "ext/date/zonetab.h", "ext/date/zonetab.list"
diff --git a/ext/date/date_core.c b/ext/date/date_core.c
index b80d948b00..72d697c8ea 100644
--- a/ext/date/date_core.c
+++ b/ext/date/date_core.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static VALUE eDateError;
 static VALUE half_days_in_day, day_in_nanoseconds;
 static double positive_inf, negative_inf;
 
-// used by deconstruct_keys
+/* used by deconstruct_keys */
 static VALUE sym_year, sym_month, sym_day, sym_yday, sym_wday;
 static VALUE sym_hour, sym_min, sym_sec, sym_sec_fraction, sym_zone;
 
@@ -452,11 +452,43 @@ do {\
 static int c_valid_civil_p(int, int, int, double,
 			   int *, int *, int *, int *);
 
+/* Check if using pure Gregorian calendar (sg == -Infinity) */
+#define c_gregorian_only_p(sg) (isinf(sg) && (sg) < 0)
+
+/*
+ * Fast path macros for pure Gregorian calendar.
+ * Sets *rjd to the JD value, *ns to 1 (new style), and returns.
+ */
+#define GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH_RET(sg, jd_expr, rjd, ns) \
+    if (c_gregorian_only_p(sg)) { \
+	*(rjd) = (jd_expr); \
+	*(ns) = 1; \
+	return 1; \
+    }
+
+#define GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH(sg, jd_expr, rjd, ns) \
+    if (c_gregorian_only_p(sg)) { \
+	*(rjd) = (jd_expr); \
+	*(ns) = 1; \
+	return; \
+    }
+
+/* Forward declarations for Neri-Schneider optimized functions */
+static int c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(int y, int m, int d);
+static void c_gregorian_jd_to_civil(int jd, int *ry, int *rm, int *rd);
+static int c_gregorian_fdoy(int y);
+static int c_gregorian_ldoy(int y);
+static int c_gregorian_ldom_jd(int y, int m);
+static int ns_jd_in_range(int jd);
+
 static int
 c_find_fdoy(int y, double sg, int *rjd, int *ns)
 {
     int d, rm, rd;
 
+    GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH_RET(sg, c_gregorian_fdoy(y), rjd, ns);
+
+    /* Keep existing loop for Julian/reform period */
     for (d = 1; d < 31; d++)
 	if (c_valid_civil_p(y, 1, d, sg, &rm, &rd, rjd, ns))
 	    return 1;
@@ -468,6 +500,9 @@ c_find_ldoy(int y, double sg, int *rjd, int *ns)
 {
     int i, rm, rd;
 
+    GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH_RET(sg, c_gregorian_ldoy(y), rjd, ns);
+
+    /* Keep existing loop for Julian/reform period */
     for (i = 0; i < 30; i++)
 	if (c_valid_civil_p(y, 12, 31 - i, sg, &rm, &rd, rjd, ns))
 	    return 1;
@@ -493,6 +528,9 @@ c_find_ldom(int y, int m, double sg, int *rjd, int *ns)
 {
     int i, rm, rd;
 
+    GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH_RET(sg, c_gregorian_ldom_jd(y, m), rjd, ns);
+
+    /* Keep existing loop for Julian/reform period */
     for (i = 0; i < 30; i++)
 	if (c_valid_civil_p(y, m, 31 - i, sg, &rm, &rd, rjd, ns))
 	    return 1;
@@ -502,55 +540,69 @@ c_find_ldom(int y, int m, double sg, int *rjd, int *ns)
 static void
 c_civil_to_jd(int y, int m, int d, double sg, int *rjd, int *ns)
 {
-    double a, b, jd;
+    int jd;
+
+    GREGORIAN_JD_FAST_PATH(sg, c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(y, m, d), rjd, ns);
+
+    /* Calculate Gregorian JD using optimized algorithm */
+    jd = c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(y, m, d);
 
-    if (m <= 2) {
-	y -= 1;
-	m += 12;
-    }
-    a = floor(y / 100.0);
-    b = 2 - a + floor(a / 4.0);
-    jd = floor(365.25 * (y + 4716)) +
-	floor(30.6001 * (m + 1)) +
-	d + b - 1524;
     if (jd < sg) {
-	jd -= b;
+	/* Before Gregorian switchover - use Julian calendar */
+	int y2 = y, m2 = m;
+	if (m2 <= 2) {
+	    y2 -= 1;
+	    m2 += 12;
+	}
+	jd = (int)(floor(365.25 * (y2 + 4716)) +
+		   floor(30.6001 * (m2 + 1)) +
+		   d - 1524);
 	*ns = 0;
     }
-    else
+    else {
 	*ns = 1;
+    }
 
-    *rjd = (int)jd;
+    *rjd = jd;
 }
 
 static void
 c_jd_to_civil(int jd, double sg, int *ry, int *rm, int *rdom)
 {
-    double x, a, b, c, d, e, y, m, dom;
-
-    if (jd < sg)
-	a = jd;
-    else {
-	x = floor((jd - 1867216.25) / 36524.25);
-	a = jd + 1 + x - floor(x / 4.0);
-    }
-    b = a + 1524;
-    c = floor((b - 122.1) / 365.25);
-    d = floor(365.25 * c);
-    e = floor((b - d) / 30.6001);
-    dom = b - d - floor(30.6001 * e);
-    if (e <= 13) {
-	m = e - 1;
-	y = c - 4716;
-    }
-    else {
-	m = e - 13;
-	y = c - 4715;
+    /* Fast path: pure Gregorian or date after switchover, within safe range */
+    if ((c_gregorian_only_p(sg) || jd >= sg) && ns_jd_in_range(jd)) {
+	c_gregorian_jd_to_civil(jd, ry, rm, rdom);
+	return;
     }
 
-    *ry = (int)y;
-    *rm = (int)m;
-    *rdom = (int)dom;
+    /* Original algorithm for Julian calendar or extreme dates */
+    {
+	double x, a, b, c, d, e, y, m, dom;
+
+	if (jd < sg)
+	    a = jd;
+	else {
+	    x = floor((jd - 1867216.25) / 36524.25);
+	    a = jd + 1 + x - floor(x / 4.0);
+	}
+	b = a + 1524;
+	c = floor((b - 122.1) / 365.25);
+	d = floor(365.25 * c);
+	e = floor((b - d) / 30.6001);
+	dom = b - d - floor(30.6001 * e);
+	if (e <= 13) {
+	    m = e - 1;
+	    y = c - 4716;
+	}
+	else {
+	    m = e - 13;
+	    y = c - 4715;
+	}
+
+	*ry = (int)y;
+	*rm = (int)m;
+	*rdom = (int)dom;
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -725,6 +777,147 @@ c_gregorian_last_day_of_month(int y, int m)
     return monthtab[c_gregorian_leap_p(y) ? 1 : 0][m];
 }
 
+/*
+ * Neri-Schneider algorithm for optimized Gregorian date conversion.
+ * Reference: Neri & Schneider, "Euclidean Affine Functions and Applications
+ *            to Calendar Algorithms", Software: Practice and Experience, 2023.
+ *            https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.06959
+ *
+ * This algorithm provides ~2-3x speedup over traditional floating-point
+ * implementations by using pure integer arithmetic with multiplication
+ * and bit-shifts instead of expensive division operations.
+ */
+
+/* JDN of March 1, Year 0 in proleptic Gregorian calendar */
+#define NS_EPOCH 1721120
+
+/* Days in a 4-year cycle (3 normal years + 1 leap year) */
+#define NS_DAYS_IN_4_YEARS 1461
+
+/* Days in a 400-year Gregorian cycle (97 leap years in 400 years) */
+#define NS_DAYS_IN_400_YEARS 146097
+
+/* Years per century */
+#define NS_YEARS_PER_CENTURY 100
+
+/*
+ * Multiplier for extracting year within century using fixed-point arithmetic.
+ * This is ceil(2^32 / NS_DAYS_IN_4_YEARS) for the Euclidean affine function.
+ */
+#define NS_YEAR_MULTIPLIER 2939745
+
+/*
+ * Coefficients for month calculation from day-of-year.
+ * Maps day-of-year to month using: month = (NS_MONTH_COEFF * doy + NS_MONTH_OFFSET) >> 16
+ */
+#define NS_MONTH_COEFF 2141
+#define NS_MONTH_OFFSET 197913
+
+/*
+ * Coefficients for civil date to JDN month contribution.
+ * Maps month to accumulated days: days = (NS_CIVIL_MONTH_COEFF * m - NS_CIVIL_MONTH_OFFSET) / 32
+ */
+#define NS_CIVIL_MONTH_COEFF 979
+#define NS_CIVIL_MONTH_OFFSET 2919
+#define NS_CIVIL_MONTH_DIVISOR 32
+
+/* Days from March 1 to December 31 (for Jan/Feb year adjustment) */
+#define NS_DAYS_BEFORE_NEW_YEAR 306
+
+/*
+ * Safe bounds for Neri-Schneider algorithm to avoid integer overflow.
+ * These correspond to approximately years -1,000,000 to +1,000,000.
+ */
+#define NS_JD_MIN -364000000
+#define NS_JD_MAX  538000000
+
+inline static int
+ns_jd_in_range(int jd)
+{
+    return jd >= NS_JD_MIN && jd <= NS_JD_MAX;
+}
+
+/* Optimized: Gregorian date -> Julian Day Number */
+static int
+c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(int y, int m, int d)
+{
+    /* Shift epoch to March 1 of year 0 (Jan/Feb belong to previous year) */
+    int j = (m < 3) ? 1 : 0;
+    int y0 = y - j;
+    int m0 = j ? m + 12 : m;
+    int d0 = d - 1;
+
+    /* Calculate year contribution with leap year correction */
+    int q1 = DIV(y0, NS_YEARS_PER_CENTURY);
+    int yc = DIV(NS_DAYS_IN_4_YEARS * y0, 4) - q1 + DIV(q1, 4);
+
+    /* Calculate month contribution using integer arithmetic */
+    int mc = (NS_CIVIL_MONTH_COEFF * m0 - NS_CIVIL_MONTH_OFFSET) / NS_CIVIL_MONTH_DIVISOR;
+
+    /* Combine and add epoch offset to get JDN */
+    return yc + mc + d0 + NS_EPOCH;
+}
+
+/* Optimized: Julian Day Number -> Gregorian date */
+static void
+c_gregorian_jd_to_civil(int jd, int *ry, int *rm, int *rd)
+{
+    int r0, n1, q1, r1, n2, q2, r2, n3, q3, r3, y0, j;
+    uint64_t u2;
+
+    /* Convert JDN to rata die (March 1, Year 0 epoch) */
+    r0 = jd - NS_EPOCH;
+
+    /* Extract century and day within 400-year cycle */
+    /* Use Euclidean (floor) division for negative values */
+    n1 = 4 * r0 + 3;
+    q1 = DIV(n1, NS_DAYS_IN_400_YEARS);
+    r1 = MOD(n1, NS_DAYS_IN_400_YEARS) / 4;
+
+    /* Calculate year within century and day of year */
+    n2 = 4 * r1 + 3;
+    /* Use 64-bit arithmetic to avoid overflow */
+    u2 = (uint64_t)NS_YEAR_MULTIPLIER * (uint64_t)n2;
+    q2 = (int)(u2 >> 32);
+    r2 = (int)((uint32_t)u2 / NS_YEAR_MULTIPLIER / 4);
+
+    /* Calculate month and day using integer arithmetic */
+    n3 = NS_MONTH_COEFF * r2 + NS_MONTH_OFFSET;
+    q3 = n3 >> 16;
+    r3 = (n3 & 0xFFFF) / NS_MONTH_COEFF;
+
+    /* Combine century and year */
+    y0 = NS_YEARS_PER_CENTURY * q1 + q2;
+
+    /* Adjust for January/February (shift from fiscal year) */
+    j = (r2 >= NS_DAYS_BEFORE_NEW_YEAR) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    *ry = y0 + j;
+    *rm = j ? q3 - 12 : q3;
+    *rd = r3 + 1;
+}
+
+/* O(1) first day of year for Gregorian calendar */
+inline static int
+c_gregorian_fdoy(int y)
+{
+    return c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(y, 1, 1);
+}
+
+/* O(1) last day of year for Gregorian calendar */
+inline static int
+c_gregorian_ldoy(int y)
+{
+    return c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(y, 12, 31);
+}
+
+/* O(1) last day of month (JDN) for Gregorian calendar */
+inline static int
+c_gregorian_ldom_jd(int y, int m)
+{
+    return c_gregorian_civil_to_jd(y, m, c_gregorian_last_day_of_month(y, m));
+}
+
 static int
 c_valid_julian_p(int y, int m, int d, int *rm, int *rd)
 {
@@ -1599,7 +1792,7 @@ m_ajd(union DateData *x)
 
     if (simple_dat_p(x)) {
 	r = m_real_jd(x);
-	if (FIXNUM_P(r) && FIX2LONG(r) <= (FIXNUM_MAX / 2)) {
+	if (FIXNUM_P(r) && FIX2LONG(r) <= (FIXNUM_MAX / 2) && FIX2LONG(r) >= (FIXNUM_MIN + 1) / 2) {
 	    long ir = FIX2LONG(r);
 	    ir = ir * 2 - 1;
 	    return rb_rational_new2(LONG2FIX(ir), INT2FIX(2));
@@ -2498,7 +2691,7 @@ date_s__valid_jd_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  *   Date.valid_jd?(2451944) # => true
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd.
  */
@@ -2592,7 +2785,7 @@ date_s__valid_civil_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date.valid_date?(2001, 2, 29) # => false
  *   Date.valid_date?(2001, 2, -1) # => true
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd, Date.new.
  */
@@ -2680,7 +2873,7 @@ date_s__valid_ordinal_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date.valid_ordinal?(2001, 34)  # => true
  *   Date.valid_ordinal?(2001, 366) # => false
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd, Date.ordinal.
  */
@@ -2770,7 +2963,7 @@ date_s__valid_commercial_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See Date.commercial.
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd, Date.commercial.
  */
@@ -3350,7 +3543,7 @@ static VALUE d_lite_plus(VALUE, VALUE);
  *
  *     Date.jd(Date::ITALY - 1).julian?    # => true
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.new.
  */
@@ -3415,7 +3608,7 @@ date_s_jd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * Raises an exception if +yday+ is zero or out of range.
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd, Date.new.
  */
@@ -3492,7 +3685,7 @@ date_s_civil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  * where +n+ is the number of days in the month;
  * when the argument is negative, counts backward from the end of the month.
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd.
  */
@@ -3598,7 +3791,7 @@ date_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *     Date.commercial(2020, 1, 1).to_s # => "2019-12-30"
        Date.commercial(2020, 1, 7).to_s # => "2020-01-05"
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * Related: Date.jd, Date.new, Date.ordinal.
  */
@@ -3783,7 +3976,7 @@ static void set_sg(union DateData *, double);
  *
  *   Date.today.to_s # => "2022-07-06"
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -3878,7 +4071,6 @@ static VALUE
 rt_complete_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash)
 {
     static VALUE tab = Qnil;
-    int g;
     long e;
     VALUE k, a, d;
 
@@ -3975,9 +4167,13 @@ rt_complete_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash)
 	rb_gc_register_mark_object(tab);
     }
 
+    k = a = Qnil;
+
     {
-	long i, eno = 0, idx = 0;
+	long i, eno = 0;
+	VALUE t = Qnil;
 
+	e = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(tab); i++) {
 	    VALUE x, a;
 
@@ -3992,23 +4188,20 @@ rt_complete_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash)
 			n++;
 		if (n > eno) {
 		    eno = n;
-		    idx = i;
+		    t = x;
 		}
 	    }
 	}
-	if (eno == 0)
-	    g = 0;
-	else {
-	    g = 1;
-	    k = RARRAY_AREF(RARRAY_AREF(tab, idx), 0);
-	    a = RARRAY_AREF(RARRAY_AREF(tab, idx), 1);
-	    e =	eno;
+	if (eno > 0) {
+	    k = RARRAY_AREF(t, 0);
+	    a = RARRAY_AREF(t, 1);
 	}
+	e = eno;
     }
 
     d = Qnil;
 
-    if (g && !NIL_P(k) && (RARRAY_LEN(a) - e)) {
+    if (!NIL_P(k) && (RARRAY_LEN(a) > e)) {
 	if (k == sym("ordinal")) {
 	    if (NIL_P(ref_hash("year"))) {
 		if (NIL_P(d))
@@ -4095,7 +4288,7 @@ rt_complete_frags(VALUE klass, VALUE hash)
 	}
     }
 
-    if (g && k == sym("time")) {
+    if (k == sym("time")) {
 	if (f_le_p(klass, cDateTime)) {
 	    if (NIL_P(d))
 		d = date_s_today(0, (VALUE *)0, cDate);
@@ -4335,6 +4528,7 @@ date_s__strptime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass,
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &vstr, &vfmt);
 
     StringValue(vstr);
+    if (argc > 1) StringValue(vfmt);
     if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(vstr))
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
 		 "string should have ASCII compatible encoding");
@@ -4345,7 +4539,6 @@ date_s__strptime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass,
 	flen = strlen(default_fmt);
     }
     else {
-	StringValue(vfmt);
 	if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(vfmt))
 	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
 		     "format should have ASCII compatible encoding");
@@ -4383,7 +4576,7 @@ date_s__strptime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass,
  *   Date._strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
  *
  * For other formats, see
- * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc].
+ * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc].
  * (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)
  *
  * See also {strptime(3)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/strptime.3.html].
@@ -4412,10 +4605,10 @@ date_s__strptime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date.strptime('sat3feb01', '%a%d%b%y')   # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
  *
  * For other formats, see
- * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc].
+ * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc].
  * (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  * See also {strptime(3)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/strptime.3.html].
  *
@@ -4464,11 +4657,10 @@ get_limit(VALUE opt)
 #define rb_category_warn(category, fmt) rb_warn(fmt)
 #endif
 
-static void
+static VALUE
 check_limit(VALUE str, VALUE opt)
 {
     size_t slen, limit;
-    if (NIL_P(str)) return;
     StringValue(str);
     slen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
     limit = get_limit(opt);
@@ -4476,6 +4668,7 @@ check_limit(VALUE str, VALUE opt)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
 		 "string length (%"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u) exceeds the limit %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", slen, limit);
     }
+    return str;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4484,8 +4677,7 @@ date_s__parse_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE vstr, vcomp, hash, opt;
 
     argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &vstr, &vcomp, &opt);
-    check_limit(vstr, opt);
-    StringValue(vstr);
+    vstr = check_limit(vstr, opt);
     if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(vstr))
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
 		 "string should have ASCII compatible encoding");
@@ -4505,7 +4697,7 @@ date_s__parse_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  * This method recognizes many forms in +string+,
  * but it is not a validator.
  * For formats, see
- * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
+ * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
  *
  * If +string+ does not specify a valid date,
  * the result is unpredictable;
@@ -4540,7 +4732,7 @@ date_s__parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  * This method recognizes many forms in +string+,
  * but it is not a validator.
  * For formats, see
- * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
+ * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
  * If +string+ does not specify a valid date,
  * the result is unpredictable;
  * consider using Date._strptime instead.
@@ -4560,7 +4752,7 @@ date_s__parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._parse (returns a hash).
@@ -4604,7 +4796,7 @@ VALUE date__jisx0301(VALUE);
  *   Date._iso8601(string, limit: 128) -> hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of values parsed from +string+, which should contain
- * an {ISO 8601 formatted date}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]:
+ * an {ISO 8601 formatted date}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.iso8601    # => "2001-02-03"
@@ -4620,7 +4812,7 @@ date_s__iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__iso8601(str);
 }
@@ -4631,7 +4823,7 @@ date_s__iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * Returns a new \Date object with values parsed from +string+,
  * which should contain
- * an {ISO 8601 formatted date}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]:
+ * an {ISO 8601 formatted date}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.iso8601   # => "2001-02-03"
@@ -4639,7 +4831,7 @@ date_s__iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._iso8601 (returns a hash).
@@ -4673,7 +4865,7 @@ date_s_iso8601(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date._rfc3339(string, limit: 128) -> hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of values parsed from +string+, which should be a valid
- * {RFC 3339 format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+3339+Format]:
+ * {RFC 3339 format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+3339+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.rfc3339     # => "2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00"
@@ -4690,7 +4882,7 @@ date_s__rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__rfc3339(str);
 }
@@ -4701,7 +4893,7 @@ date_s__rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * Returns a new \Date object with values parsed from +string+,
  * which should be a valid
- * {RFC 3339 format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+3339+Format]:
+ * {RFC 3339 format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+3339+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.rfc3339   # => "2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00"
@@ -4709,7 +4901,7 @@ date_s__rfc3339(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._rfc3339 (returns a hash).
@@ -4759,7 +4951,7 @@ date_s__xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__xmlschema(str);
 }
@@ -4777,7 +4969,7 @@ date_s__xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._xmlschema (returns a hash).
@@ -4811,7 +5003,7 @@ date_s_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date._rfc2822(string, limit: 128) -> hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of values parsed from +string+, which should be a valid
- * {RFC 2822 date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+2822+Format]:
+ * {RFC 2822 date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+2822+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.rfc2822 # => "Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000"
@@ -4828,7 +5020,7 @@ date_s__rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__rfc2822(str);
 }
@@ -4839,7 +5031,7 @@ date_s__rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * Returns a new \Date object with values parsed from +string+,
  * which should be a valid
- * {RFC 2822 date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+2822+Format]:
+ * {RFC 2822 date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@RFC+2822+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.rfc2822   # => "Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000"
@@ -4847,7 +5039,7 @@ date_s__rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._rfc2822 (returns a hash).
@@ -4881,7 +5073,7 @@ date_s_rfc2822(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date._httpdate(string, limit: 128) -> hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of values parsed from +string+, which should be a valid
- * {HTTP date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@HTTP+Format]:
+ * {HTTP date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@HTTP+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.httpdate # => "Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT"
@@ -4896,7 +5088,7 @@ date_s__httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__httpdate(str);
 }
@@ -4907,7 +5099,7 @@ date_s__httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * Returns a new \Date object with values parsed from +string+,
  * which should be a valid
- * {HTTP date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@HTTP+Format]:
+ * {HTTP date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@HTTP+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
      s = d.httpdate   # => "Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT"
@@ -4915,7 +5107,7 @@ date_s__httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._httpdate (returns a hash).
@@ -4949,7 +5141,7 @@ date_s_httpdate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date._jisx0301(string, limit: 128) -> hash
  *
  * Returns a hash of values parsed from +string+, which should be a valid
- * {JIS X 0301 date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@JIS+X+0301+Format]:
+ * {JIS X 0301 date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@JIS+X+0301+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.jisx0301    # => "H13.02.03"
@@ -4965,7 +5157,7 @@ date_s__jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE str, opt;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opt);
-    check_limit(str, opt);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) str = check_limit(str, opt);
 
     return date__jisx0301(str);
 }
@@ -4975,7 +5167,7 @@ date_s__jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *   Date.jisx0301(string = '-4712-01-01', start = Date::ITALY, limit: 128) -> date
  *
  * Returns a new \Date object with values parsed from +string+,
- * which should be a valid {JIS X 0301 format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@JIS+X+0301+Format]:
+ * which should be a valid {JIS X 0301 format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@JIS+X+0301+Format]:
  *
  *   d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
  *   s = d.jisx0301   # => "H13.02.03"
@@ -4987,7 +5179,7 @@ date_s__jisx0301(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *
  * See:
  *
- * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * - Argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  * - Argument {limit}[rdoc-ref:Date@Argument+limit].
  *
  * Related: Date._jisx0301 (returns a hash).
@@ -5745,7 +5937,7 @@ d_lite_leap_p(VALUE self)
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::GREGORIAN).start # => -Infinity
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::JULIAN).start    # => Infinity
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -5811,7 +6003,7 @@ dup_obj_with_new_start(VALUE obj, double sg)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   new_start(start = Date::ITALY]) -> new_date
+ *   new_start(start = Date::ITALY) -> new_date
  *
  * Returns a copy of +self+ with the given +start+ value:
  *
@@ -5820,7 +6012,7 @@ dup_obj_with_new_start(VALUE obj, double sg)
  *   d1 = d0.new_start(Date::JULIAN)
  *   d1.julian? # => true
  *
- * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
+ * See argument {start}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc@Argument+start].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -6936,13 +7128,24 @@ d_lite_eql_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 static VALUE
 d_lite_hash(VALUE self)
 {
-    st_index_t v, h[4];
+    st_index_t v, h[5];
+    VALUE nth;
 
     get_d1(self);
-    h[0] = m_nth(dat);
-    h[1] = m_jd(dat);
-    h[2] = m_df(dat);
-    h[3] = m_sf(dat);
+    nth = m_nth(dat);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(nth)) {
+        h[0] = 0;
+        h[1] = (st_index_t)nth;
+    } else {
+        h[0] = 1;
+        h[1] = (st_index_t)FIX2LONG(rb_hash(nth));
+    }
+
+    h[2] = m_jd(dat);
+    h[3] = m_df(dat);
+    h[4] = m_sf(dat);
+
     v = rb_memhash(h, sizeof(h));
     return ST2FIX(v);
 }
@@ -6957,7 +7160,7 @@ static VALUE strftimev(const char *, VALUE,
  *   to_s -> string
  *
  * Returns a string representation of the date in +self+
- * in {ISO 8601 extended date format}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]
+ * in {ISO 8601 extended date format}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@ISO+8601+Format+Specifications]
  * (<tt>'%Y-%m-%d'</tt>):
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).to_s # => "2001-02-03"
@@ -7238,7 +7441,7 @@ date_strftime_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self,
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).strftime # => "2001-02-03"
  *
  * For other formats, see
- * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc].
+ * {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -7270,12 +7473,12 @@ strftimev(const char *fmt, VALUE self,
  *   asctime -> string
  *
  * Equivalent to #strftime with argument <tt>'%a %b %e %T %Y'</tt>
- * (or its {shorthand form}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Shorthand+Conversion+Specifiers]
+ * (or its {shorthand form}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@Shorthand+Conversion+Specifiers]
  * <tt>'%c'</tt>):
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).asctime # => "Sat Feb  3 00:00:00 2001"
  *
- * See {asctime}[https://linux.die.net/man/3/asctime].
+ * See {asctime}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/asctime.3p.html].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -7289,7 +7492,7 @@ d_lite_asctime(VALUE self)
  *   iso8601    ->  string
  *
  * Equivalent to #strftime with argument <tt>'%Y-%m-%d'</tt>
- * (or its {shorthand form}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Shorthand+Conversion+Specifiers]
+ * (or its {shorthand form}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@Shorthand+Conversion+Specifiers]
  * <tt>'%F'</tt>);
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).iso8601 # => "2001-02-03"
@@ -7306,7 +7509,7 @@ d_lite_iso8601(VALUE self)
  *   rfc3339 -> string
  *
  * Equivalent to #strftime with argument <tt>'%FT%T%:z'</tt>;
- * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
+ * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).rfc3339 # => "2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00"
  *
@@ -7322,7 +7525,7 @@ d_lite_rfc3339(VALUE self)
  *   rfc2822 -> string
  *
  * Equivalent to #strftime with argument <tt>'%a, %-d %b %Y %T %z'</tt>;
- * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
+ * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).rfc2822 # => "Sat, 3 Feb 2001 00:00:00 +0000"
  *
@@ -7338,7 +7541,7 @@ d_lite_rfc2822(VALUE self)
  *   httpdate -> string
  *
  * Equivalent to #strftime with argument <tt>'%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT'</tt>;
- * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
+ * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
  *
  *   Date.new(2001, 2, 3).httpdate # => "Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT"
  *
@@ -7517,10 +7720,7 @@ d_lite_marshal_dump_old(VALUE self)
 		    m_of_in_day(dat),
 		    DBL2NUM(m_sg(dat)));
 
-    if (FL_TEST(self, FL_EXIVAR)) {
-	rb_copy_generic_ivar(a, self);
-	FL_SET(a, FL_EXIVAR);
-    }
+    rb_copy_generic_ivar(a, self);
 
     return a;
 }
@@ -7542,10 +7742,8 @@ d_lite_marshal_dump(VALUE self)
 		    INT2FIX(m_of(dat)),
 		    DBL2NUM(m_sg(dat)));
 
-    if (FL_TEST(self, FL_EXIVAR)) {
-	rb_copy_generic_ivar(a, self);
-	FL_SET(a, FL_EXIVAR);
-    }
+
+    rb_copy_generic_ivar(a, self);
 
     return a;
 }
@@ -7618,10 +7816,7 @@ d_lite_marshal_load(VALUE self, VALUE a)
 		       HAVE_JD | HAVE_DF);
     }
 
-    if (FL_TEST(a, FL_EXIVAR)) {
-	rb_copy_generic_ivar(self, a);
-	FL_SET(self, FL_EXIVAR);
-    }
+    rb_copy_generic_ivar(self, a);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -8715,7 +8910,7 @@ dt_lite_to_s(VALUE self)
  *   DateTime.now.strftime # => "2022-07-01T11:03:19-05:00"
  *
  * For other formats,
- * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
+ * see {Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc]:
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -9494,6 +9689,7 @@ Init_date_core(void)
     sym_zone = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("zone"));
 
     half_days_in_day = rb_rational_new2(INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(2));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(half_days_in_day);
 
 #if (LONG_MAX / DAY_IN_SECONDS) > SECOND_IN_NANOSECONDS
     day_in_nanoseconds = LONG2NUM((long)DAY_IN_SECONDS *
@@ -9505,8 +9701,6 @@ Init_date_core(void)
     day_in_nanoseconds = f_mul(INT2FIX(DAY_IN_SECONDS),
 			       INT2FIX(SECOND_IN_NANOSECONDS));
 #endif
-
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(half_days_in_day);
     rb_gc_register_mark_object(day_in_nanoseconds);
 
     positive_inf = +INFINITY;
@@ -9522,7 +9716,7 @@ Init_date_core(void)
      *
      * - You need both dates and times; \Date handles only dates.
      * - You need only Gregorian dates (and not Julian dates);
-     *   see {Julian and Gregorian Calendars}[rdoc-ref:date/calendars.rdoc].
+     *   see {Julian and Gregorian Calendars}[rdoc-ref:language/calendars.rdoc].
      *
      * A \Date object, once created, is immutable, and cannot be modified.
      *
@@ -9569,7 +9763,7 @@ Init_date_core(void)
      *     Date.strptime('fri31dec99', '%a%d%b%y')  # => #<Date: 1999-12-31>
      *
      * See also the specialized methods in
-     * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
+     * {"Specialized Format Strings" in Formats for Dates and Times}[rdoc-ref:language/strftime_formatting.rdoc@Specialized+Format+Strings]
      *
      * == Argument +limit+
      *
diff --git a/ext/date/date_strptime.c b/ext/date/date_strptime.c
index f1c8201de8..1dde5fa3ec 100644
--- a/ext/date/date_strptime.c
+++ b/ext/date/date_strptime.c
@@ -661,6 +661,9 @@ date__strptime(const char *str, size_t slen,
 
     si = date__strptime_internal(str, slen, fmt, flen, hash);
 
+    if (fail_p())
+	return Qnil;
+
     if (slen > si) {
 	VALUE s;
 
@@ -668,9 +671,6 @@ date__strptime(const char *str, size_t slen,
 	set_hash("leftover", s);
     }
 
-    if (fail_p())
-	return Qnil;
-
     cent = del_hash("_cent");
     if (!NIL_P(cent)) {
 	VALUE year;
diff --git a/ext/date/depend b/ext/date/depend
index d07f10a593..4fb78149a1 100644
--- a/ext/date/depend
+++ b/ext/date/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 date_core.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -313,6 +314,7 @@ date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 date_parse.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -478,6 +480,7 @@ date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 date_strftime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -650,6 +653,7 @@ date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 date_strptime.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/date/lib/date.rb b/ext/date/lib/date.rb
index aa630eb6d1..0cb763017f 100644
--- a/ext/date/lib/date.rb
+++ b/ext/date/lib/date.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'date_core'
 
 class Date
-  VERSION = "3.4.1" # :nodoc:
+  VERSION = "3.5.1" # :nodoc:
 
   # call-seq:
   #   infinite? -> false
diff --git a/ext/digest/bubblebabble/depend b/ext/digest/bubblebabble/depend
index 0da9c223ee..02d88e960c 100644
--- a/ext/digest/bubblebabble/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/bubblebabble/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 bubblebabble.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/digest/defs.h b/ext/digest/defs.h
index 77a134f364..9b11f4eca9 100644
--- a/ext/digest/defs.h
+++ b/ext/digest/defs.h
@@ -16,4 +16,26 @@
 # define __END_DECLS
 #endif
 
+#define RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(compiler, op, flag) _Pragma(STRINGIZE(compiler diagnostic op flag))
+#ifdef RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(flag)
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_PUSH() RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH()
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_POP() RBIMPL_WARNING_POP()
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(clang, ignored, #flag)
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_PUSH() _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_POP() _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#else /* __GNUC__ */
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(GCC, ignored, #flag)
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_PUSH() _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+# define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_POP() _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#endif
+#ifdef RBIMPL_HAS_WARNING
+# define RB_DIGEST_HAS_WARNING(_) RBIMPL_HAS_WARNING(_)
+#elif defined(__has_warning)
+# define RB_DIGEST_HAS_WARNING(_) __has_warning(_)
+#else
+# define RB_DIGEST_HAS_WARNING(_) 0
+#endif
+
 #endif /* DEFS_H */
diff --git a/ext/digest/depend b/ext/digest/depend
index cb9e8d4813..3eabb1d1d6 100644
--- a/ext/digest/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/digest/digest.c b/ext/digest/digest.c
index bd8d3e815f..28f6022754 100644
--- a/ext/digest/digest.c
+++ b/ext/digest/digest.c
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ static rb_digest_metadata_t *
 get_digest_base_metadata(VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE p;
-    VALUE obj;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
     rb_digest_metadata_t *algo;
 
     for (p = klass; !NIL_P(p); p = rb_class_superclass(p)) {
diff --git a/ext/digest/digest_conf.rb b/ext/digest/digest_conf.rb
index 36a7d75289..099d20fcbe 100644
--- a/ext/digest/digest_conf.rb
+++ b/ext/digest/digest_conf.rb
@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@
 
 def digest_conf(name)
   unless with_config("bundled-#{name}")
-    cc = with_config("common-digest")
-    if cc != false or /\b#{name}\b/ =~ cc
-      if File.exist?("#$srcdir/#{name}cc.h") and
-        have_header("CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h")
-        $defs << "-D#{name.upcase}_USE_COMMONDIGEST"
-        $headers << "#{name}cc.h"
-        return :commondigest
-      end
+    case cc = with_config("common-digest", true)
+    when true, false
+    else
+      cc = cc.split(/[\s,]++/).any? {|pat| File.fnmatch?(pat, name)}
+    end
+    if cc and File.exist?("#$srcdir/#{name}cc.h") and
+      have_header("CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h")
+      $defs << "-D#{name.upcase}_USE_COMMONDIGEST"
+      $headers << "#{name}cc.h"
+      return :commondigest
     end
   end
   $objs << "#{name}.#{$OBJEXT}"
diff --git a/ext/digest/lib/digest/version.rb b/ext/digest/lib/digest/version.rb
index 854106165c..a56e80c54e 100644
--- a/ext/digest/lib/digest/version.rb
+++ b/ext/digest/lib/digest/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Digest
-  VERSION = "3.2.0"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "3.2.1"
 end
diff --git a/ext/digest/md5/depend b/ext/digest/md5/depend
index e71915e5b4..d1c25c28c8 100644
--- a/ext/digest/md5/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/md5/depend
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 md5.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 md5init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/digest/md5/md5cc.h b/ext/digest/md5/md5cc.h
index 657f573f85..a002c17604 100644
--- a/ext/digest/md5/md5cc.h
+++ b/ext/digest/md5/md5cc.h
@@ -2,14 +2,6 @@
 #include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
-# define RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(compiler, op, flag) _Pragma(STRINGIZE(compiler diagnostic op flag))
-# ifdef RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED
-#   define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(flag)
-# elif defined(__clang__)
-#   define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(clang, ignored, #flag)
-# else /* __GNUC__ */
-#   define RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) RB_DIGEST_DIAGNOSTIC(GCC, ignored, #flag)
-# endif
 RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wdeprecated-declarations)
 /* Suppress deprecation warnings of MD5 from Xcode 11.1 */
 /* Although we know MD5 is deprecated too, provide just for backward
diff --git a/ext/digest/md5/md5init.c b/ext/digest/md5/md5init.c
index b81fd94864..c919060587 100644
--- a/ext/digest/md5/md5init.c
+++ b/ext/digest/md5/md5init.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 #include "../digest.h"
+#include "../defs.h"
 #if defined(MD5_USE_COMMONDIGEST)
 #include "md5cc.h"
 #else
diff --git a/ext/digest/rmd160/depend b/ext/digest/rmd160/depend
index 09558ad92b..aec484f7b3 100644
--- a/ext/digest/rmd160/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/rmd160/depend
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rmd160.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 rmd160init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/digest/sha1/depend b/ext/digest/sha1/depend
index 827b8a0852..e6bd9d8f73 100644
--- a/ext/digest/sha1/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/sha1/depend
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sha1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sha1init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c b/ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c
index 5311227549..003c87d224 100644
--- a/ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c
+++ b/ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c
@@ -220,20 +220,28 @@ int SHA1_Init(SHA1_CTX *context)
  */
 void SHA1_Update(SHA1_CTX *context, const uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 {
-    uint32_t i, j;
+    size_t i;
+    uint32_t j;
 
     _DIAGASSERT(context != 0);
     _DIAGASSERT(data != 0);
 
     j = context->count[0];
     if ((context->count[0] += len << 3) < j)
-	context->count[1] += (len>>29)+1;
+	context->count[1]++;
+    context->count[1] += (uint32_t)(len >> 29);
     j = (j >> 3) & 63;
     if ((j + len) > 63) {
 	(void)memcpy(&context->buffer[j], data, (i = 64-j));
 	SHA1_Transform(context->state, context->buffer);
-	for ( ; i + 63 < len; i += 64)
+	for ( ; i + 63 < len; i += 64) {
+	    RB_DIGEST_WARNING_PUSH();
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ >= 11
+	    RB_DIGEST_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wstringop-overread);
+#endif
 	    SHA1_Transform(context->state, &data[i]);
+	    RB_DIGEST_WARNING_POP();
+	}
 	j = 0;
     } else {
 	i = 0;
diff --git a/ext/digest/sha2/depend b/ext/digest/sha2/depend
index af1600d346..2b74776b3e 100644
--- a/ext/digest/sha2/depend
+++ b/ext/digest/sha2/depend
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sha2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sha2init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/erb/escape/escape.c b/ext/erb/escape/escape.c
index 67b2d1ef34..1794fc30eb 100644
--- a/ext/erb/escape/escape.c
+++ b/ext/erb/escape/escape.c
@@ -39,35 +39,50 @@ static VALUE
 optimized_escape_html(VALUE str)
 {
     VALUE vbuf;
-    char *buf = ALLOCV_N(char, vbuf, escaped_length(str));
+    char *buf = NULL;
     const char *cstr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
     const char *end = cstr + RSTRING_LEN(str);
 
-    char *dest = buf;
+    const char *segment_start = cstr;
+    char *dest = NULL;
     while (cstr < end) {
         const unsigned char c = *cstr++;
         uint8_t len = html_escape_table[c].len;
         if (len) {
+            size_t segment_len = cstr - segment_start - 1;
+            if (!buf) {
+                buf = ALLOCV_N(char, vbuf, escaped_length(str));
+                dest = buf;
+            }
+            if (segment_len) {
+                memcpy(dest, segment_start, segment_len);
+                dest += segment_len;
+            }
+            segment_start = cstr;
             memcpy(dest, html_escape_table[c].str, len);
             dest += len;
         }
-        else {
-            *dest++ = c;
-        }
     }
-
     VALUE escaped = str;
-    if (RSTRING_LEN(str) < (dest - buf)) {
+    if (buf) {
+        size_t segment_len = cstr - segment_start;
+        if (segment_len) {
+            memcpy(dest, segment_start, segment_len);
+            dest += segment_len;
+        }
         escaped = rb_str_new(buf, dest - buf);
         preserve_original_state(str, escaped);
+        ALLOCV_END(vbuf);
     }
-    ALLOCV_END(vbuf);
     return escaped;
 }
 
-// ERB::Util.html_escape is different from CGI.escapeHTML in the following two parts:
-//   * ERB::Util.html_escape converts an argument with #to_s first (only if it's not T_STRING)
-//   * ERB::Util.html_escape does not allocate a new string when nothing needs to be escaped
+/*
+ * ERB::Util.html_escape is similar to CGI.escapeHTML but different in the following two parts:
+ *
+ * * ERB::Util.html_escape converts an argument with #to_s first (only if it's not T_STRING)
+ * * ERB::Util.html_escape does not allocate a new string when nothing needs to be escaped
+ */
 static VALUE
 erb_escape_html(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 {
@@ -86,6 +101,10 @@ erb_escape_html(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 void
 Init_escape(void)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
+
     rb_cERB = rb_define_class("ERB", rb_cObject);
     rb_mEscape = rb_define_module_under(rb_cERB, "Escape");
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mEscape, "html_escape", erb_escape_html, 1);
diff --git a/ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb b/ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb
index 783e8c1f55..b211a9783f 100644
--- a/ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ case RUBY_ENGINE
 when 'jruby', 'truffleruby'
   File.write('Makefile', dummy_makefile($srcdir).join)
 else
+  have_func("rb_ext_ractor_safe", "ruby.h")
   create_makefile 'erb/escape'
 end
diff --git a/ext/etc/depend b/ext/etc/depend
index 675699b129..77fe56a6bf 100644
--- a/ext/etc/depend
+++ b/ext/etc/depend
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 etc.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/etc/etc.c b/ext/etc/etc.c
index 08edfb8f59..8d50a96a62 100644
--- a/ext/etc/etc.c
+++ b/ext/etc/etc.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static VALUE sGroup;
 #endif
 RUBY_EXTERN char *getlogin(void);
 
-#define RUBY_ETC_VERSION "1.4.5"
+#define RUBY_ETC_VERSION "1.4.6"
 
 #define SYMBOL_LIT(str) ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(str ""))
 
@@ -832,11 +832,7 @@ etc_uname(VALUE obj)
 			 rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(v.szCSDVersion, rb_utf8_encoding()));
     rb_hash_aset(result, SYMBOL_LIT("version"), version);
 
-# if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER < 1300
-#   define GET_COMPUTER_NAME(ptr, plen) GetComputerNameW(ptr, plen)
-# else
 #   define GET_COMPUTER_NAME(ptr, plen) GetComputerNameExW(ComputerNameDnsFullyQualified, ptr, plen)
-# endif
     GET_COMPUTER_NAME(NULL, &len);
     buf = ALLOCV_N(WCHAR, vbuf, len);
     if (GET_COMPUTER_NAME(buf, &len)) {
@@ -1163,14 +1159,26 @@ Init_etc(void)
 {
     VALUE mEtc;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-    RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE(true);
-#endif
     mEtc = rb_define_module("Etc");
     /* The version */
     rb_define_const(mEtc, "VERSION", rb_str_new_cstr(RUBY_ETC_VERSION));
     init_constants(mEtc);
 
+    /* Ractor-safe methods */
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE(true);
+#endif
+    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "systmpdir", etc_systmpdir, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "uname", etc_uname, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "sysconf", etc_sysconf, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "confstr", etc_confstr, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "pathconf", io_pathconf, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "nprocessors", etc_nprocessors, 0);
+
+    /* Non-Ractor-safe methods, see https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21115 */
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE(false);
+#endif
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "getlogin", etc_getlogin, 0);
 
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "getpwuid", etc_getpwuid, -1);
@@ -1186,13 +1194,9 @@ Init_etc(void)
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "setgrent", etc_setgrent, 0);
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "endgrent", etc_endgrent, 0);
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "getgrent", etc_getgrent, 0);
+
+    /* Uses RbConfig::CONFIG so does not work in a Ractor */
     rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "sysconfdir", etc_sysconfdir, 0);
-    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "systmpdir", etc_systmpdir, 0);
-    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "uname", etc_uname, 0);
-    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "sysconf", etc_sysconf, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "confstr", etc_confstr, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "pathconf", io_pathconf, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mEtc, "nprocessors", etc_nprocessors, 0);
 
     sPasswd =  rb_struct_define_under(mEtc, "Passwd",
 				      "name",
@@ -1303,4 +1307,8 @@ Init_etc(void)
     rb_extend_object(sGroup, rb_mEnumerable);
     rb_define_singleton_method(sGroup, "each", etc_each_group, 0);
 #endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_GETPWENT) || defined(HAVE_GETGRENT)
+    (void)safe_setup_str;
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/ext/etc/etc.gemspec b/ext/etc/etc.gemspec
index 3facc74866..0e9803dc62 100644
--- a/ext/etc/etc.gemspec
+++ b/ext/etc/etc.gemspec
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
   spec.extensions    = %w{ext/etc/extconf.rb}
 
-  spec.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.6.0"
+  spec.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.7.0"
 end
diff --git a/ext/etc/extconf.rb b/ext/etc/extconf.rb
index 2e28d58037..497303a4fa 100644
--- a/ext/etc/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/etc/extconf.rb
@@ -10,8 +10,30 @@ headers = []
 have_library("sun", "getpwnam")	# NIS (== YP) interface for IRIX 4
 have_func("uname((struct utsname *)NULL)", headers)
 have_func("getlogin")
-have_func("getpwent")
-have_func("getgrent")
+if have_func("getpwent")
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_gecos', 'pwd.h')
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_change', 'pwd.h')
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_quota', 'pwd.h')
+  if have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_age', 'pwd.h')
+    case what_type?('struct passwd', 'pw_age', 'pwd.h')
+    when "string"
+      f = "safe_setup_str"
+    when "long long"
+      f = "LL2NUM"
+    else
+      f = "INT2NUM"
+    end
+    $defs.push("-DPW_AGE2VAL="+f)
+  end
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_class', 'pwd.h')
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_comment', 'pwd.h') unless /cygwin/ === RUBY_PLATFORM
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_expire', 'pwd.h')
+  have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_passwd', 'pwd.h')
+end
+if have_func("getgrent")
+  have_struct_member('struct group', 'gr_passwd', 'grp.h')
+end
+
 if (sysconfdir = RbConfig::CONFIG["sysconfdir"] and
     !RbConfig.expand(sysconfdir.dup, "prefix"=>"", "DESTDIR"=>"").empty?)
   $defs.push("-DSYSCONFDIR=#{Shellwords.escape(sysconfdir.dump)}")
@@ -21,26 +43,6 @@ have_func("sysconf")
 have_func("confstr")
 have_func("fpathconf")
 
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_gecos', 'pwd.h')
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_change', 'pwd.h')
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_quota', 'pwd.h')
-if have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_age', 'pwd.h')
-  case what_type?('struct passwd', 'pw_age', 'pwd.h')
-  when "string"
-    f = "safe_setup_str"
-  when "long long"
-    f = "LL2NUM"
-  else
-    f = "INT2NUM"
-  end
-  $defs.push("-DPW_AGE2VAL="+f)
-end
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_class', 'pwd.h')
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_comment', 'pwd.h') unless /cygwin/ === RUBY_PLATFORM
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_expire', 'pwd.h')
-have_struct_member('struct passwd', 'pw_passwd', 'pwd.h')
-have_struct_member('struct group', 'gr_passwd', 'grp.h')
-
 # for https://github.com/ruby/etc
 srcdir = File.expand_path("..", __FILE__)
 constdefs = "#{srcdir}/constdefs.h"
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ end
 # TODO: remove when dropping 2.7 support, as exported since 3.0
 have_func('rb_deprecate_constant(Qnil, "None")')
 
-have_func("rb_io_descriptor")
+have_func("rb_io_descriptor", "ruby/io.h")
 
 $distcleanfiles << "constdefs.h"
 
diff --git a/ext/extmk.rb b/ext/extmk.rb
index 39cbce1bc9..f5244f72c8 100755
--- a/ext/extmk.rb
+++ b/ext/extmk.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ module Gem
     RbConfig::CONFIG
   end
 end
-# only needs Gem::Platform
-require 'rubygems/platform'
 
 # :stopdoc:
 $extension = nil
@@ -36,13 +34,16 @@ DUMMY_SIGNATURE = "***DUMMY MAKEFILE***"
 
 srcdir = File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__))
 unless defined?(CROSS_COMPILING) and CROSS_COMPILING
-  $:.replace([File.expand_path("lib", srcdir), Dir.pwd])
+  $:.replace([Dir.pwd, File.expand_path("lib", srcdir)])
 end
-$:.unshift(srcdir)
 require 'rbconfig'
 
+# only needs Gem::Platform
+require 'rubygems/platform'
+
 $topdir = "."
 $top_srcdir = srcdir
+$extmk = true
 inplace = File.identical?($top_srcdir, $topdir)
 
 $" << "mkmf.rb"
@@ -138,14 +139,6 @@ def extract_makefile(makefile, keep = true)
   true
 end
 
-def create_makefile(target, srcprefix = nil)
-  if $static and target.include?("/")
-    base = File.basename(target)
-    $defs << "-DInit_#{base}=Init_#{target.tr('/', '_')}"
-  end
-  super
-end
-
 def extmake(target, basedir = 'ext', maybestatic = true)
   FileUtils.mkpath target unless File.directory?(target)
   begin
@@ -566,6 +559,7 @@ extend Module.new {
       if $static and (target = args.first).include?("/")
         base = File.basename(target)
         $defs << "-DInit_#{base}=Init_#{target.tr('/', '_')}"
+        $defs << "-DInitVM_#{base}=InitVM_#{target.tr('/', '_')}"
       end
       return super
     end
@@ -598,6 +592,7 @@ gem = #{@gemname}
 build_complete = $(TARGET_GEM_DIR)/gem.build_complete
 install-so: build_complete
 clean-so:: clean-build_complete
+$(build_complete) $(OBJS): $(TARGET_SO_DIR_TIMESTAMP)
 
 build_complete: $(build_complete)
 $(build_complete): $(TARGET_SO)
diff --git a/ext/fcntl/depend b/ext/fcntl/depend
index 5ed652563b..57ea0f2106 100644
--- a/ext/fcntl/depend
+++ b/ext/fcntl/depend
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 fcntl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/fcntl/fcntl.c b/ext/fcntl/fcntl.c
index 86bee5fb45..b987e237dd 100644
--- a/ext/fcntl/fcntl.c
+++ b/ext/fcntl/fcntl.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pack up your own arguments to pass as args for locking functions, etc.
  *
  */
 
-#define FCNTL_VERSION "1.2.0"
+#define FCNTL_VERSION "1.3.0"
 
 void
 Init_fcntl(void)
@@ -251,4 +251,50 @@ Init_fcntl(void)
      */
     rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC", INT2NUM(F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC));
 #endif
+
+#ifdef F_PREALLOCATE
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used for preallocating file space.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_PREALLOCATE", INT2NUM(F_PREALLOCATE));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F_ALLOCATECONTIG
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used with F_PREALLOCATE for allocating contiguous
+     * space.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_ALLOCATECONTIG", INT2NUM(F_ALLOCATECONTIG));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F_ALLOCATEALL
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used with F_PREALLOCATE for allocating all contiguous
+     * space or no space.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_ALLOCATEALL", INT2NUM(F_ALLOCATEALL));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F_ALLOCATEPERSIST
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used with F_PREALLOCATE. Allocate space that is not
+     * freed when close is called.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_ALLOCATEPERSIST", INT2NUM(F_ALLOCATEPERSIST));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F_PEOFPOSMODE
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used with F_PREALLOCATE. Allocate from the physical
+     * end of file
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_PEOFPOSMODE", INT2NUM(F_PEOFPOSMODE));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F_VOLPOSMODE
+    /*
+     * macOS specific flag used with F_PREALLOCATE. Allocate from the volume offset.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(mFcntl, "F_VOLPOSMODE", INT2NUM(F_VOLPOSMODE));
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/ext/io/console/console.c b/ext/io/console/console.c
index 80c1cddd5a..5f3c9478f7 100644
--- a/ext/io/console/console.c
+++ b/ext/io/console/console.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 static const char *const
-IO_CONSOLE_VERSION = "0.8.0";
+IO_CONSOLE_VERSION = "0.8.2";
 
 #include "ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/io.h"
@@ -840,6 +840,9 @@ console_winsize(VALUE io)
     return rb_assoc_new(INT2NUM(winsize_row(&ws)), INT2NUM(winsize_col(&ws)));
 }
 
+static VALUE console_scroll(VALUE io, int line);
+static VALUE console_goto(VALUE io, VALUE y, VALUE x);
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   io.winsize = [rows, columns]
@@ -856,7 +859,8 @@ console_set_winsize(VALUE io, VALUE size)
 #if defined _WIN32
     HANDLE wh;
     int newrow, newcol;
-    BOOL ret;
+    COORD oldsize;
+    SMALL_RECT oldwindow;
 #endif
     VALUE row, col, xpixel, ypixel;
     const VALUE *sz;
@@ -891,18 +895,62 @@ console_set_winsize(VALUE io, VALUE size)
     if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(wh, &ws)) {
 	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo");
     }
+    oldsize = ws.dwSize;
+    oldwindow = ws.srWindow;
+    if (ws.srWindow.Right + 1 < newcol) {
+        ws.dwSize.X = newcol;
+    }
+    if (ws.dwSize.Y < newrow) {
+        ws.dwSize.Y = newrow;
+    }
+    /* expand screen buffer first if needed */
+    if (!SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, ws.dwSize)) {
+        rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "SetConsoleScreenBufferInfo");
+    }
+    /* refresh ws for new dwMaximumWindowSize */
+    if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(wh, &ws)) {
+        rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo");
+    }
+    /* check new size before modifying buffer content */
+    if (newrow <= 0 || newcol <= 0 ||
+        newrow > ws.dwMaximumWindowSize.Y ||
+        newcol > ws.dwMaximumWindowSize.X) {
+        SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, oldsize);
+        /* remove scrollbar if possible */
+        SetConsoleWindowInfo(wh, TRUE, &oldwindow);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "out of range winsize: [%d, %d]", newrow, newcol);
+    }
+    /* shrink screen buffer width */
     ws.dwSize.X = newcol;
-    ret = SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, ws.dwSize);
+    /* shrink screen buffer height if window height were the same */
+    if (oldsize.Y == ws.srWindow.Bottom - ws.srWindow.Top + 1) {
+        ws.dwSize.Y = newrow;
+    }
     ws.srWindow.Left = 0;
-    ws.srWindow.Top = 0;
-    ws.srWindow.Right = newcol-1;
-    ws.srWindow.Bottom = newrow-1;
+    ws.srWindow.Right = newcol - 1;
+    ws.srWindow.Bottom = ws.srWindow.Top + newrow -1;
+    if (ws.dwCursorPosition.Y > ws.srWindow.Bottom) {
+        console_scroll(io, ws.dwCursorPosition.Y - ws.srWindow.Bottom);
+        ws.dwCursorPosition.Y = ws.srWindow.Bottom;
+        console_goto(io, INT2FIX(ws.dwCursorPosition.Y), INT2FIX(ws.dwCursorPosition.X));
+    }
+    if (ws.srWindow.Bottom > ws.dwSize.Y - 1) {
+        console_scroll(io, ws.srWindow.Bottom - (ws.dwSize.Y - 1));
+        ws.dwCursorPosition.Y -= ws.srWindow.Bottom - (ws.dwSize.Y - 1);
+        console_goto(io, INT2FIX(ws.dwCursorPosition.Y), INT2FIX(ws.dwCursorPosition.X));
+	ws.srWindow.Bottom = ws.dwSize.Y - 1;
+    }
+    ws.srWindow.Top = ws.srWindow.Bottom - (newrow - 1);
+    /* perform changes to winsize */
     if (!SetConsoleWindowInfo(wh, TRUE, &ws.srWindow)) {
-	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "SetConsoleWindowInfo");
+        int last_error = LAST_ERROR;
+        SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, oldsize);
+	rb_syserr_fail(last_error, "SetConsoleWindowInfo");
     }
-    /* retry when shrinking buffer after shrunk window */
-    if (!ret && !SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, ws.dwSize)) {
-	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "SetConsoleScreenBufferInfo");
+    /* perform screen buffer shrinking if necessary */
+    if ((ws.dwSize.Y < oldsize.Y || ws.dwSize.X < oldsize.X) &&
+        !SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(wh, ws.dwSize)) {
+        rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, "SetConsoleScreenBufferInfo");
     }
     /* remove scrollbar if possible */
     if (!SetConsoleWindowInfo(wh, TRUE, &ws.srWindow)) {
@@ -1221,7 +1269,7 @@ console_cursor_pos(VALUE io)
     if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo((HANDLE)rb_w32_get_osfhandle(fd), &ws)) {
 	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, 0);
     }
-    return rb_assoc_new(UINT2NUM(ws.dwCursorPosition.Y), UINT2NUM(ws.dwCursorPosition.X));
+    return rb_assoc_new(UINT2NUM(ws.dwCursorPosition.Y - ws.srWindow.Top), UINT2NUM(ws.dwCursorPosition.X));
 #else
     static const struct query_args query = {"\033[6n", 0};
     VALUE resp = console_vt_response(0, 0, io, &query);
@@ -1254,11 +1302,17 @@ static VALUE
 console_goto(VALUE io, VALUE y, VALUE x)
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    COORD pos;
-    int fd = GetWriteFD(io);
-    pos.X = NUM2UINT(x);
-    pos.Y = NUM2UINT(y);
-    if (!SetConsoleCursorPosition((HANDLE)rb_w32_get_osfhandle(fd), pos)) {
+    HANDLE h;
+    rb_console_size_t ws;
+    COORD *pos = &ws.dwCursorPosition;
+
+    h = (HANDLE)rb_w32_get_osfhandle(GetWriteFD(io));
+    if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(h, &ws)) {
+	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, 0);
+    }
+    pos->X = NUM2UINT(x);
+    pos->Y = ws.srWindow.Top + NUM2UINT(y);
+    if (!SetConsoleCursorPosition(h, *pos)) {
 	rb_syserr_fail(LAST_ERROR, 0);
     }
 #else
@@ -1651,13 +1705,11 @@ console_dev(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE con = 0;
     VALUE sym = 0;
 
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
-
     if (argc) {
         Check_Type(sym = argv[0], T_SYMBOL);
     }
 
-    // Force the class to be File.
+    /* Force the class to be File. */
     if (klass == rb_cIO) klass = rb_cFile;
 
     if (console_dev_get(klass, &con)) {
@@ -1948,14 +2000,13 @@ InitVM_console(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "ttyname", console_ttyname, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cIO, "console", console_dev, -1);
     {
-	/* :stopdoc: */
+	/* :nodoc: */
 	VALUE mReadable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "generic_readable");
-	/* :startdoc: */
 	rb_define_method(mReadable, "getch", io_getch, -1);
 	rb_define_method(mReadable, "getpass", io_getpass, -1);
     }
     {
-	/* :stopdoc: */
+	/* :nodoc: */
         cConmode = rb_define_class_under(rb_cIO, "ConsoleMode", rb_cObject);
         rb_define_const(cConmode, "VERSION", rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(IO_CONSOLE_VERSION)));
         rb_define_alloc_func(cConmode, conmode_alloc);
@@ -1964,6 +2015,5 @@ InitVM_console(void)
         rb_define_method(cConmode, "echo=", conmode_set_echo, 1);
         rb_define_method(cConmode, "raw!", conmode_set_raw, -1);
         rb_define_method(cConmode, "raw", conmode_raw_new, -1);
-	/* :startdoc: */
     }
 }
diff --git a/ext/io/console/depend b/ext/io/console/depend
index e66b6f4f5d..150a138d4d 100644
--- a/ext/io/console/depend
+++ b/ext/io/console/depend
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 console.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/io/console/extconf.rb b/ext/io/console/extconf.rb
index 4ad7ed6996..dd3d221ae5 100644
--- a/ext/io/console/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/io/console/extconf.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ have_func("rb_syserr_new_str(0, Qnil)") or
   abort
 
 have_func("rb_interned_str_cstr")
-have_func("rb_io_path")
-have_func("rb_io_descriptor")
-have_func("rb_io_get_write_io")
-have_func("rb_io_closed_p")
-have_func("rb_io_open_descriptor")
+have_func("rb_io_path", "ruby/io.h")
+have_func("rb_io_descriptor", "ruby/io.h")
+have_func("rb_io_get_write_io", "ruby/io.h")
+have_func("rb_io_closed_p", "ruby/io.h")
+have_func("rb_io_open_descriptor", "ruby/io.h")
 have_func("rb_ractor_local_storage_value_newkey")
 
 is_wasi = /wasi/ =~ MakeMakefile::RbConfig::CONFIG["platform"]
diff --git a/ext/io/nonblock/depend b/ext/io/nonblock/depend
index 20a96f1252..e78a05c316 100644
--- a/ext/io/nonblock/depend
+++ b/ext/io/nonblock/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 nonblock.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/io/nonblock/extconf.rb b/ext/io/nonblock/extconf.rb
index a1e6075c9b..505c9e6252 100644
--- a/ext/io/nonblock/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/io/nonblock/extconf.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ unless RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby'
   return
 end
 
-have_func("rb_io_descriptor")
+have_func("rb_io_descriptor", "ruby/io.h")
 
 hdr = %w"fcntl.h"
 if have_macro("O_NONBLOCK", hdr) and
diff --git a/ext/io/nonblock/io-nonblock.gemspec b/ext/io/nonblock/io-nonblock.gemspec
index 2df8b8e3a6..4f5b8cef6f 100644
--- a/ext/io/nonblock/io-nonblock.gemspec
+++ b/ext/io/nonblock/io-nonblock.gemspec
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.name          = "io-nonblock"
-  spec.version       = "0.3.1"
+  spec.version       = "0.3.2"
   spec.authors       = ["Nobu Nakada"]
   spec.email         = ["nobu@ruby-lang.org"]
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.description   = %q{Enables non-blocking mode with IO class}
   spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/io-nonblock"
   spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.3.0")
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.0")
 
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
diff --git a/ext/io/wait/depend b/ext/io/wait/depend
index 70317b1497..41d53c1400 100644
--- a/ext/io/wait/depend
+++ b/ext/io/wait/depend
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
-# wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h # not in 2.6
 wait.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
 wait.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
@@ -139,6 +138,7 @@ wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 wait.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/io/wait/extconf.rb b/ext/io/wait/extconf.rb
index e63c046187..00c455a45c 100644
--- a/ext/io/wait/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/io/wait/extconf.rb
@@ -1,25 +1,4 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: false
 require 'mkmf'
 
-if RUBY_VERSION < "2.6"
-  File.write("Makefile", dummy_makefile($srcdir).join(""))
-else
-  target = "io/wait"
-  have_func("rb_io_wait")
-  have_func("rb_io_descriptor")
-  unless macro_defined?("DOSISH", "#include <ruby.h>")
-    have_header(ioctl_h = "sys/ioctl.h") or ioctl_h = nil
-    fionread = %w[sys/ioctl.h sys/filio.h sys/socket.h].find do |h|
-      have_macro("FIONREAD", [h, ioctl_h].compact)
-    end
-    if fionread
-      $defs << "-DFIONREAD_HEADER=\"<#{fionread}>\""
-      create_makefile(target)
-    end
-  else
-    if have_func("rb_w32_ioctlsocket", "ruby.h")
-      have_func("rb_w32_is_socket", "ruby.h")
-      create_makefile(target)
-    end
-  end
-end
+create_makefile("io/wait")
diff --git a/ext/io/wait/io-wait.gemspec b/ext/io/wait/io-wait.gemspec
index e850e10bf9..c1c6172589 100644
--- a/ext/io/wait/io-wait.gemspec
+++ b/ext/io/wait/io-wait.gemspec
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-_VERSION = "0.3.1"
+_VERSION = "0.4.0"
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.name          = "io-wait"
@@ -10,24 +10,25 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.description   = %q{Waits until IO is readable or writable without blocking.}
   spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/io-wait"
   spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.2")
 
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
 
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
-      File.identical?(f, __FILE__) || f.match(%r{\A(?:(?:bin|test|spec|features|rakelib)/|\.(?:git|travis|circleci)|appveyor|Rakefile)})
-    end
-  end
+  jruby = true if Gem::Platform.new('java') =~ spec.platform or RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
+  dir, gemspec = File.split(__FILE__)
+  excludes = [
+    *%w[:^/.git* :^/Gemfile* :^/Rakefile* :^/bin/ :^/test/ :^/rakelib/ :^*.java],
+    *(jruby ? %w[:^/ext/io] : %w[:^/ext/java]),
+    ":(exclude,literal,top)#{gemspec}"
+  ]
+  files = IO.popen(%w[git ls-files -z --] + excludes, chdir: dir, &:read).split("\x0")
+
+  spec.files = files
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.executables   = []
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 
-  jruby = true if Gem::Platform.new('java') =~ spec.platform or RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
-  spec.files.delete_if do |f|
-    f.end_with?(".java") or
-      f.start_with?("ext/") && (jruby ^ f.start_with?("ext/java/"))
-  end
   if jruby
     spec.platform = 'java'
     spec.files << "lib/io/wait.jar"
diff --git a/ext/io/wait/wait.c b/ext/io/wait/wait.c
index 8835670e59..f7575191fe 100644
--- a/ext/io/wait/wait.c
+++ b/ext/io/wait/wait.c
@@ -11,427 +11,13 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/io.h"
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#if defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && (defined(__sun))
-#include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H)
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(FIONREAD_HEADER)
-#include FIONREAD_HEADER
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_W32_IOCTLSOCKET
-#define ioctl ioctlsocket
-#define ioctl_arg u_long
-#define ioctl_arg2num(i) ULONG2NUM(i)
-#else
-#define ioctl_arg int
-#define ioctl_arg2num(i) INT2NUM(i)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_W32_IS_SOCKET
-#define FIONREAD_POSSIBLE_P(fd) rb_w32_is_socket(fd)
-#else
-#define FIONREAD_POSSIBLE_P(fd) ((void)(fd),Qtrue)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-static struct timeval *
-get_timeout(int argc, VALUE *argv, struct timeval *timerec)
-{
-    VALUE timeout = Qnil;
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    if (!argc || NIL_P(timeout = argv[0])) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    else {
-        *timerec = rb_time_interval(timeout);
-        return timerec;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-wait_for_single_fd(rb_io_t *fptr, int events, struct timeval *tv)
-{
-    int i = rb_wait_for_single_fd(fptr->fd, events, tv);
-    if (i < 0)
-        rb_sys_fail(0);
-    rb_io_check_closed(fptr);
-    return (i & events);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.nread -> int
- *
- * Returns number of bytes that can be read without blocking.
- * Returns zero if no information available.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-io_nread(VALUE io)
-{
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-    int len;
-    ioctl_arg n;
-
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-    len = rb_io_read_pending(fptr);
-    if (len > 0) return INT2FIX(len);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_DESCRIPTOR
-    int fd = rb_io_descriptor(io);
-#else
-    int fd = fptr->fd;
-#endif
-
-    if (!FIONREAD_POSSIBLE_P(fd)) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &n)) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (n > 0) return ioctl_arg2num(n);
-    return INT2FIX(0);
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-static VALUE
-io_wait_event(VALUE io, int event, VALUE timeout, int return_io)
-{
-    VALUE result = rb_io_wait(io, RB_INT2NUM(event), timeout);
-
-    if (!RB_TEST(result)) {
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-
-    int mask = RB_NUM2INT(result);
-
-    if (mask & event) {
-        if (return_io)
-            return io;
-        else
-            return result;
-    }
-    else {
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.ready? -> truthy or falsy
- *
- * Returns a truthy value if input available without blocking, or a
- * falsy value.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-io_ready_p(VALUE io)
-{
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    struct timeval tv = {0, 0};
-#endif
-
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-    if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) return Qtrue;
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    return wait_for_single_fd(fptr, RB_WAITFD_IN, &tv) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-#else
-    return io_wait_event(io, RUBY_IO_READABLE, RB_INT2NUM(0), 1);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* Ruby 3.2+ can define these methods. This macro indicates that case. */
-#ifndef RUBY_IO_WAIT_METHODS
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.wait_readable          -> truthy or falsy
- *   io.wait_readable(timeout) -> truthy or falsy
- *
- * Waits until IO is readable and returns a truthy value, or a falsy
- * value when times out.  Returns a truthy value immediately when
- * buffered data is available.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-io_wait_readable(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
-{
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    struct timeval timerec;
-    struct timeval *tv;
-#endif
-
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    tv = get_timeout(argc, argv, &timerec);
-#endif
-    if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) return Qtrue;
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    if (wait_for_single_fd(fptr, RB_WAITFD_IN, tv)) {
-        return io;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-#else
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE timeout = (argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-
-    return io_wait_event(io, RUBY_IO_READABLE, timeout, 1);
-#endif
-}
+#include "ruby.h"		/* abi_version */
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.wait_writable          -> truthy or falsy
- *   io.wait_writable(timeout) -> truthy or falsy
- *
- * Waits until IO is writable and returns a truthy value or a falsy
- * value when times out.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-static VALUE
-io_wait_writable(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
-{
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    struct timeval timerec;
-    struct timeval *tv;
-#endif
-
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    tv = get_timeout(argc, argv, &timerec);
-    if (wait_for_single_fd(fptr, RB_WAITFD_OUT, tv)) {
-        return io;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-#else
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE timeout = (argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-
-    return io_wait_event(io, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE, timeout, 1);
-#endif
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.wait_priority          -> truthy or falsy
- *   io.wait_priority(timeout) -> truthy or falsy
- *
- * Waits until IO is priority and returns a truthy value or a falsy
- * value when times out. Priority data is sent and received using
- * the Socket::MSG_OOB flag and is typically limited to streams.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-static VALUE
-io_wait_priority(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
-{
-    rb_io_t *fptr = NULL;
-
-    RB_IO_POINTER(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-
-    if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) return Qtrue;
-
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE timeout = argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil;
-
-    return io_wait_event(io, RUBY_IO_PRIORITY, timeout, 1);
-}
-#endif
-
-static int
-wait_mode_sym(VALUE mode)
-{
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("r"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("read"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("readable"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("w"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("write"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("writable"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("rw"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN|RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("read_write"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN|RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    if (mode == ID2SYM(rb_intern("readable_writable"))) {
-        return RB_WAITFD_IN|RB_WAITFD_OUT;
-    }
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported mode: %"PRIsVALUE, mode);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-static inline rb_io_event_t
-io_event_from_value(VALUE value)
-{
-    int events = RB_NUM2INT(value);
-
-    if (events <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Events must be positive integer!");
-
-    return events;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   io.wait(events, timeout) -> event mask, false or nil
- *   io.wait(timeout = nil, mode = :read) -> self, true, or false
- *
- * Waits until the IO becomes ready for the specified events and returns the
- * subset of events that become ready, or a falsy value when times out.
- *
- * The events can be a bit mask of +IO::READABLE+, +IO::WRITABLE+ or
- * +IO::PRIORITY+.
- *
- * Returns a truthy value immediately when buffered data is available.
- *
- * Optional parameter +mode+ is one of +:read+, +:write+, or
- * +:read_write+.
- *
- * You must require 'io/wait' to use this method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-io_wait(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
-{
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-    struct timeval timerec;
-    struct timeval *tv = NULL;
-    int event = 0;
-    int i;
-
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-        if (SYMBOL_P(argv[i])) {
-            event |= wait_mode_sym(argv[i]);
-        }
-        else {
-            *(tv = &timerec) = rb_time_interval(argv[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    /* rb_time_interval() and might_mode() might convert the argument */
-    rb_io_check_closed(fptr);
-    if (!event) event = RB_WAITFD_IN;
-    if ((event & RB_WAITFD_IN) && rb_io_read_pending(fptr))
-        return Qtrue;
-    if (wait_for_single_fd(fptr, event, tv))
-        return io;
-    return Qnil;
-#else
-    VALUE timeout = Qundef;
-    rb_io_event_t events = 0;
-    int i, return_io = 0;
-
-    /* The documented signature for this method is actually incorrect.
-     * A single timeout is allowed in any position, and multiple symbols can be given.
-     * Whether this is intentional or not, I don't know, and as such I consider this to
-     * be a legacy/slow path. */
-    if (argc != 2 || (RB_SYMBOL_P(argv[0]) || RB_SYMBOL_P(argv[1]))) {
-        /* We'd prefer to return the actual mask, but this form would return the io itself: */
-        return_io = 1;
-
-        /* Slow/messy path: */
-        for (i = 0; i < argc; i += 1) {
-            if (RB_SYMBOL_P(argv[i])) {
-                events |= wait_mode_sym(argv[i]);
-            }
-            else if (timeout == Qundef) {
-                rb_time_interval(timeout = argv[i]);
-            }
-            else {
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "timeout given more than once");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (timeout == Qundef) timeout = Qnil;
-
-        if (events == 0) {
-            events = RUBY_IO_READABLE;
-        }
-    }
-    else /* argc == 2 and neither are symbols */ {
-        /* This is the fast path: */
-        events = io_event_from_value(argv[0]);
-        timeout = argv[1];
-    }
-
-    if (events & RUBY_IO_READABLE) {
-        rb_io_t *fptr = NULL;
-        RB_IO_POINTER(io, fptr);
-
-        if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) {
-            /* This was the original behaviour: */
-            if (return_io) return Qtrue;
-            /* New behaviour always returns an event mask: */
-            else return RB_INT2NUM(RUBY_IO_READABLE);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return io_wait_event(io, events, timeout, return_io);
-#endif
-}
-
-#endif /* RUBY_IO_WAIT_METHODS */
-
-/*
- * IO wait methods
+ * IO wait methods are built in ruby now, just for backward compatibility.
  */
 
 void
 Init_wait(void)
 {
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-    RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE(true);
-#endif
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "nread", io_nread, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "ready?", io_ready_p, 0);
-
-#ifndef RUBY_IO_WAIT_METHODS
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "wait", io_wait, -1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "wait_readable", io_wait_readable, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "wait_writable", io_wait_writable, -1);
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_WAIT
-    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "wait_priority", io_wait_priority, -1);
-#endif
-#endif
 }
diff --git a/ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h b/ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h
index 4c42e14b6f..b84a073554 100644
--- a/ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h
+++ b/ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h
@@ -1,39 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef _FBUFFER_H_
 #define _FBUFFER_H_
 
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
-
-/* shims */
-/* This is the fallback definition from Ruby 3.4 */
-
-#ifndef RBIMPL_STDBOOL_H
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-# if defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
-#  include <cstdbool>
-# endif
-#elif defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H)
-# include <stdbool.h>
-#elif !defined(HAVE__BOOL)
-typedef unsigned char _Bool;
-# define bool  _Bool
-# define true  ((_Bool)+1)
-# define false ((_Bool)+0)
-# define __bool_true_false_are_defined
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RB_UNLIKELY
-#define RB_UNLIKELY(expr) expr
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RB_LIKELY
-#define RB_LIKELY(expr) expr
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MAYBE_UNUSED
-# define MAYBE_UNUSED(x) x
-#endif
+#include "../json.h"
+#include "../vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h"
 
 enum fbuffer_type {
     FBUFFER_HEAP_ALLOCATED = 0,
@@ -42,9 +11,12 @@ enum fbuffer_type {
 
 typedef struct FBufferStruct {
     enum fbuffer_type type;
-    unsigned long initial_length;
-    unsigned long len;
-    unsigned long capa;
+    size_t initial_length;
+    size_t len;
+    size_t capa;
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    size_t requested;
+#endif
     char *ptr;
     VALUE io;
 } FBuffer;
@@ -60,12 +32,12 @@ typedef struct FBufferStruct {
 
 static void fbuffer_free(FBuffer *fb);
 static void fbuffer_clear(FBuffer *fb);
-static void fbuffer_append(FBuffer *fb, const char *newstr, unsigned long len);
+static void fbuffer_append(FBuffer *fb, const char *newstr, size_t len);
 static void fbuffer_append_long(FBuffer *fb, long number);
 static inline void fbuffer_append_char(FBuffer *fb, char newchr);
 static VALUE fbuffer_finalize(FBuffer *fb);
 
-static void fbuffer_stack_init(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long initial_length, char *stack_buffer, long stack_buffer_size)
+static void fbuffer_stack_init(FBuffer *fb, size_t initial_length, char *stack_buffer, size_t stack_buffer_size)
 {
     fb->initial_length = (initial_length > 0) ? initial_length : FBUFFER_INITIAL_LENGTH_DEFAULT;
     if (stack_buffer) {
@@ -73,6 +45,20 @@ static void fbuffer_stack_init(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long initial_length, char *
         fb->ptr = stack_buffer;
         fb->capa = stack_buffer_size;
     }
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    fb->requested = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void fbuffer_consumed(FBuffer *fb, size_t consumed)
+{
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    if (consumed > fb->requested) {
+        rb_bug("fbuffer: Out of bound write");
+    }
+    fb->requested = 0;
+#endif
+    fb->len += consumed;
 }
 
 static void fbuffer_free(FBuffer *fb)
@@ -93,7 +79,7 @@ static void fbuffer_flush(FBuffer *fb)
     fbuffer_clear(fb);
 }
 
-static void fbuffer_realloc(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long required)
+static void fbuffer_realloc(FBuffer *fb, size_t required)
 {
     if (required > fb->capa) {
         if (fb->type == FBUFFER_STACK_ALLOCATED) {
@@ -108,7 +94,7 @@ static void fbuffer_realloc(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long required)
     }
 }
 
-static void fbuffer_do_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long requested)
+static void fbuffer_do_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, size_t requested)
 {
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(fb->io)) {
         if (fb->capa < FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE) {
@@ -122,7 +108,7 @@ static void fbuffer_do_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long requested)
         }
     }
 
-    unsigned long required;
+    size_t required;
 
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(!fb->ptr)) {
         fb->ptr = ALLOC_N(char, fb->initial_length);
@@ -134,72 +120,141 @@ static void fbuffer_do_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long requested)
     fbuffer_realloc(fb, required);
 }
 
-static inline void fbuffer_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, unsigned long requested)
+static inline void fbuffer_inc_capa(FBuffer *fb, size_t requested)
 {
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    fb->requested = requested;
+#endif
+
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(requested > fb->capa - fb->len)) {
         fbuffer_do_inc_capa(fb, requested);
     }
 }
 
-static void fbuffer_append(FBuffer *fb, const char *newstr, unsigned long len)
+static inline size_t fbuffer_size_mul_or_raise(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+    size_t result = a * b;
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(a != 0 && (result / a) != b)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Buffer overflow, the resulting document is too large to be generated");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static inline void fbuffer_append_reserved(FBuffer *fb, const char *newstr, size_t len)
+{
+    MEMCPY(fb->ptr + fb->len, newstr, char, len);
+    fbuffer_consumed(fb, len);
+}
+
+static inline void fbuffer_append(FBuffer *fb, const char *newstr, size_t len)
 {
     if (len > 0) {
         fbuffer_inc_capa(fb, len);
-        MEMCPY(fb->ptr + fb->len, newstr, char, len);
-        fb->len += len;
+        fbuffer_append_reserved(fb, newstr, len);
     }
 }
 
+/* Appends a character into a buffer. The buffer needs to have sufficient capacity, via fbuffer_inc_capa(...). */
+static inline void fbuffer_append_reserved_char(FBuffer *fb, char chr)
+{
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    if (fb->requested < 1) {
+        rb_bug("fbuffer: unreserved write");
+    }
+    fb->requested--;
+#endif
+
+    fb->ptr[fb->len] = chr;
+    fb->len++;
+}
+
 static void fbuffer_append_str(FBuffer *fb, VALUE str)
 {
-    const char *newstr = StringValuePtr(str);
-    unsigned long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+    const char *ptr;
+    size_t len;
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(str, ptr, len);
 
+    fbuffer_append(fb, ptr, len);
     RB_GC_GUARD(str);
+}
 
-    fbuffer_append(fb, newstr, len);
+static void fbuffer_append_str_repeat(FBuffer *fb, VALUE str, size_t repeat)
+{
+    const char *ptr;
+    size_t len;
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(str, ptr, len);
+
+    fbuffer_inc_capa(fb, fbuffer_size_mul_or_raise(repeat, len));
+    while (repeat) {
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+        fb->requested = len;
+#endif
+        fbuffer_append_reserved(fb, ptr, len);
+        repeat--;
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
 }
 
 static inline void fbuffer_append_char(FBuffer *fb, char newchr)
 {
     fbuffer_inc_capa(fb, 1);
     *(fb->ptr + fb->len) = newchr;
-    fb->len++;
+    fbuffer_consumed(fb, 1);
 }
 
-static long fltoa(long number, char *buf)
+static inline char *fbuffer_cursor(FBuffer *fb)
 {
-    static const char digits[] = "0123456789";
-    long sign = number;
-    char* tmp = buf;
+    return fb->ptr + fb->len;
+}
 
-    if (sign < 0) number = -number;
-    do *tmp-- = digits[number % 10]; while (number /= 10);
-    if (sign < 0) *tmp-- = '-';
-    return buf - tmp;
+static inline void fbuffer_advance_to(FBuffer *fb, char *end)
+{
+    fbuffer_consumed(fb, (end - fb->ptr) - fb->len);
 }
 
-#define LONG_BUFFER_SIZE 20
+/*
+ * Appends the decimal string representation of \a number into the buffer.
+ */
 static void fbuffer_append_long(FBuffer *fb, long number)
 {
-    char buf[LONG_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    char *buffer_end = buf + LONG_BUFFER_SIZE;
-    long len = fltoa(number, buffer_end - 1);
-    fbuffer_append(fb, buffer_end - len, len);
+    /*
+     * The jeaiii_ultoa() function produces digits left-to-right,
+     * allowing us to write directly into the buffer, but we don't know
+     * the number of resulting characters.
+     *
+     * We do know, however, that the `number` argument is always in the
+     * range 0xc000000000000000 to 0x3fffffffffffffff, or, in decimal,
+     * -4611686018427387904 to 4611686018427387903. The max number of chars
+     * generated is therefore 20 (including a potential sign character).
+     */
+
+    static const int MAX_CHARS_FOR_LONG = 20;
+
+    fbuffer_inc_capa(fb, MAX_CHARS_FOR_LONG);
+
+    if (number < 0) {
+        fbuffer_append_reserved_char(fb, '-');
+
+        /*
+         * Since number is always > LONG_MIN, `-number` will not overflow
+         * and is always the positive abs() value.
+         */
+        number = -number;
+    }
+
+    char *end = jeaiii_ultoa(fbuffer_cursor(fb), number);
+    fbuffer_advance_to(fb, end);
 }
 
 static VALUE fbuffer_finalize(FBuffer *fb)
 {
     if (fb->io) {
         fbuffer_flush(fb);
-        fbuffer_free(fb);
         rb_io_flush(fb->io);
         return fb->io;
     } else {
-        VALUE result = rb_utf8_str_new(FBUFFER_PTR(fb), FBUFFER_LEN(fb));
-        fbuffer_free(fb);
-        return result;
+        return rb_utf8_str_new(FBUFFER_PTR(fb), FBUFFER_LEN(fb));
     }
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif // _FBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/ext/json/generator/depend b/ext/json/generator/depend
index 65be7b8665..3ba4acfdd2 100644
--- a/ext/json/generator/depend
+++ b/ext/json/generator/depend
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -177,5 +178,9 @@ generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 generator.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 generator.o: $(srcdir)/../fbuffer/fbuffer.h
+generator.o: $(srcdir)/../json.h
+generator.o: $(srcdir)/../simd/simd.h
+generator.o: $(srcdir)/../vendor/fpconv.c
+generator.o: $(srcdir)/../vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h
 generator.o: generator.c
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/json/generator/extconf.rb b/ext/json/generator/extconf.rb
index 078068cf63..205a887e78 100644
--- a/ext/json/generator/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/json/generator/extconf.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,14 @@ if RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
   File.write('Makefile', dummy_makefile("").join)
 else
   append_cflags("-std=c99")
+  have_const("RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.3
+
   $defs << "-DJSON_GENERATOR"
+  $defs << "-DJSON_DEBUG" if ENV.fetch("JSON_DEBUG", "0") != "0"
+
+  if enable_config('generator-use-simd', default=!ENV["JSON_DISABLE_SIMD"])
+    load __dir__ + "/../simd/conf.rb"
+  end
+
   create_makefile 'json/ext/generator'
 end
diff --git a/ext/json/generator/generator.c b/ext/json/generator/generator.c
index 0833885370..110b5f6b32 100644
--- a/ext/json/generator/generator.c
+++ b/ext/json/generator/generator.c
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
-#include "ruby.h"
+#include "../json.h"
 #include "../fbuffer/fbuffer.h"
+#include "../vendor/fpconv.c"
 
 #include <math.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
+#include "../simd/simd.h"
+
 /* ruby api and some helpers */
 
+enum duplicate_key_action {
+    JSON_DEPRECATED = 0,
+    JSON_IGNORE,
+    JSON_RAISE,
+};
+
 typedef struct JSON_Generator_StateStruct {
     VALUE indent;
     VALUE space;
@@ -18,20 +27,19 @@ typedef struct JSON_Generator_StateStruct {
     long depth;
     long buffer_initial_length;
 
+    enum duplicate_key_action on_duplicate_key;
+
+    bool as_json_single_arg;
     bool allow_nan;
     bool ascii_only;
     bool script_safe;
     bool strict;
 } JSON_Generator_State;
 
-#ifndef RB_UNLIKELY
-#define RB_UNLIKELY(cond) (cond)
-#endif
-
-static VALUE mJSON, cState, cFragment, mString_Extend, eGeneratorError, eNestingError, Encoding_UTF_8;
+static VALUE mJSON, cState, cFragment, eGeneratorError, eNestingError, Encoding_UTF_8;
 
-static ID i_to_s, i_to_json, i_new, i_pack, i_unpack, i_create_id, i_extend, i_encode;
-static VALUE sym_indent, sym_space, sym_space_before, sym_object_nl, sym_array_nl, sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan,
+static ID i_to_s, i_to_json, i_new, i_encode;
+static VALUE sym_indent, sym_space, sym_space_before, sym_object_nl, sym_array_nl, sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan, sym_allow_duplicate_key,
              sym_ascii_only, sym_depth, sym_buffer_initial_length, sym_script_safe, sym_escape_slash, sym_strict, sym_as_json;
 
 
@@ -44,7 +52,7 @@ static VALUE sym_indent, sym_space, sym_space_before, sym_object_nl, sym_array_n
 
 struct generate_json_data;
 
-typedef void (*generator_func)(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
+typedef void (*generator_func)(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
 
 struct generate_json_data {
     FBuffer *buffer;
@@ -52,44 +60,39 @@ struct generate_json_data {
     JSON_Generator_State *state;
     VALUE obj;
     generator_func func;
+    long depth;
 };
 
+static SIMD_Implementation simd_impl;
+
 static VALUE cState_from_state_s(VALUE self, VALUE opts);
 static VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, generator_func, VALUE io);
-static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_null(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_false(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_true(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
-static void generate_json_integer(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-#endif
-static void generate_json_fixnum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
-static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_null(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_false(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_true(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_fixnum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj);
 
 static int usascii_encindex, utf8_encindex, binary_encindex;
 
-#ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
-#endif
-static void raise_generator_error_str(VALUE invalid_object, VALUE str)
+NORETURN(static void) raise_generator_error_str(VALUE invalid_object, VALUE str)
 {
+    rb_enc_associate_index(str, utf8_encindex);
     VALUE exc = rb_exc_new_str(eGeneratorError, str);
     rb_ivar_set(exc, rb_intern("@invalid_object"), invalid_object);
     rb_exc_raise(exc);
 }
 
-#ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
-#endif
 #ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_FORMAT
 RBIMPL_ATTR_FORMAT(RBIMPL_PRINTF_FORMAT, 2, 3)
 #endif
-static void raise_generator_error(VALUE invalid_object, const char *fmt, ...)
+NORETURN(static void) raise_generator_error(VALUE invalid_object, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
@@ -108,12 +111,34 @@ typedef struct _search_state {
     const char *end;
     const char *cursor;
     FBuffer *buffer;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+    const char *chunk_base;
+    const char *chunk_end;
+    bool has_matches;
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SIMD_NEON)
+    uint64_t matches_mask;
+#elif defined(HAVE_SIMD_SSE2)
+    int matches_mask;
+#else
+#error "Unknown SIMD Implementation."
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD_NEON */
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
 } search_state;
 
-static inline void search_flush(search_state *search)
-{
-    fbuffer_append(search->buffer, search->cursor, search->ptr - search->cursor);
-    search->cursor = search->ptr;
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) void search_flush(search_state *search)
+{
+    // Do not remove this conditional without profiling, specifically escape-heavy text.
+    // escape_UTF8_char_basic will advance search->ptr and search->cursor (effectively a search_flush).
+    // For back-to-back characters that need to be escaped, specifically for the SIMD code paths, this method
+    // will be called just before calling escape_UTF8_char_basic. There will be no characters to append for the
+    // consecutive characters that need to be escaped. While the fbuffer_append is a no-op if
+    // nothing needs to be flushed, we can save a few memory references with this conditional.
+    if (search->ptr > search->cursor) {
+        fbuffer_append(search->buffer, search->cursor, search->ptr - search->cursor);
+        search->cursor = search->ptr;
+    }
 }
 
 static const unsigned char escape_table_basic[256] = {
@@ -143,7 +168,8 @@ static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic(search_state *search)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static inline void escape_UTF8_char_basic(search_state *search) {
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) void escape_UTF8_char_basic(search_state *search)
+{
     const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
     switch (ch) {
         case '"':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
@@ -183,14 +209,43 @@ static inline void escape_UTF8_char_basic(search_state *search) {
  * Everything else (should be UTF-8) is just passed through and
  * appended to the result.
  */
+
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SIMD_NEON)
+static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic_neon(search_state *search);
+#elif defined(HAVE_SIMD_SSE2)
+static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic_sse2(search_state *search);
+#endif
+
+static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic(search_state *search);
+
 static inline void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(search_state *search)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+#if defined(HAVE_SIMD_NEON)
+    while (search_escape_basic_neon(search)) {
+        escape_UTF8_char_basic(search);
+    }
+#elif defined(HAVE_SIMD_SSE2)
+    if (simd_impl == SIMD_SSE2) {
+        while (search_escape_basic_sse2(search)) {
+            escape_UTF8_char_basic(search);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
     while (search_escape_basic(search)) {
         escape_UTF8_char_basic(search);
     }
+#endif
+#else
+    while (search_escape_basic(search)) {
+        escape_UTF8_char_basic(search);
+    }
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
 }
 
-static inline void escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len) {
+static inline void escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len)
+{
     const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
     switch (ch_len) {
         case 1: {
@@ -226,6 +281,236 @@ static inline void escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len)
     search->cursor = (search->ptr += ch_len);
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) char *copy_remaining_bytes(search_state *search, unsigned long vec_len, unsigned long len)
+{
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len < vec_len);
+
+    // Flush the buffer so everything up until the last 'len' characters are unflushed.
+    search_flush(search);
+
+    FBuffer *buf = search->buffer;
+    fbuffer_inc_capa(buf, vec_len);
+
+    char *s = (buf->ptr + buf->len);
+
+    // Pad the buffer with dummy characters that won't need escaping.
+    // This seem wasteful at first sight, but memset of vector length is very fast.
+    // This is a space as it can be directly represented as an immediate on AArch64.
+    memset(s, ' ', vec_len);
+
+    // Optimistically copy the remaining 'len' characters to the output FBuffer. If there are no characters
+    // to escape, then everything ends up in the correct spot. Otherwise it was convenient temporary storage.
+    if (vec_len == 16) {
+        RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len >= SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD);
+        json_fast_memcpy16(s, search->ptr, len);
+    } else {
+        MEMCPY(s, search->ptr, char, len);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD_NEON
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) unsigned char neon_next_match(search_state *search)
+{
+    uint64_t mask = search->matches_mask;
+    uint32_t index = trailing_zeros64(mask) >> 2;
+
+    // It is assumed escape_UTF8_char_basic will only ever increase search->ptr by at most one character.
+    // If we want to use a similar approach for full escaping we'll need to ensure:
+    //     search->chunk_base + index >= search->ptr
+    // However, since we know escape_UTF8_char_basic only increases search->ptr by one, if the next match
+    // is one byte after the previous match then:
+    //     search->chunk_base + index == search->ptr
+    search->ptr = search->chunk_base + index;
+    mask &= mask - 1;
+    search->matches_mask = mask;
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic_neon(search_state *search)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(search->has_matches)) {
+        // There are more matches if search->matches_mask > 0.
+        if (search->matches_mask > 0) {
+            return neon_next_match(search);
+        } else {
+            // neon_next_match will only advance search->ptr up to the last matching character.
+            // Skip over any characters in the last chunk that occur after the last match.
+            search->has_matches = false;
+            search->ptr = search->chunk_end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    * The code below implements an SIMD-based algorithm to determine if N bytes at a time
+    * need to be escaped.
+    *
+    * Assume the ptr = "Te\sting!" (the double quotes are included in the string)
+    *
+    * The explanation will be limited to the first 8 bytes of the string for simplicity. However
+    * the vector insructions may work on larger vectors.
+    *
+    * First, we load three constants 'lower_bound', 'backslash' and 'dblquote" in vector registers.
+    *
+    * lower_bound: [20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20]
+    * backslash:   [5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C]
+    * dblquote:    [22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22]
+    *
+    * Next we load the first chunk of the ptr:
+    * [22 54 65 5C 73 74 69 6E] ("  T  e  \  s  t  i  n)
+    *
+    * First we check if any byte in chunk is less than 32 (0x20). This returns the following vector
+    * as no bytes are less than 32 (0x20):
+    * [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
+    *
+    * Next, we check if any byte in chunk is equal to a backslash:
+    * [0 0 0 FF 0 0 0 0]
+    *
+    * Finally we check if any byte in chunk is equal to a double quote:
+    * [FF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
+    *
+    * Now we have three vectors where each byte indicates if the corresponding byte in chunk
+    * needs to be escaped. We combine these vectors with a series of logical OR instructions.
+    * This is the needs_escape vector and it is equal to:
+    * [FF 0 0 FF 0 0 0 0]
+    *
+    * Next we compute the bitwise AND between each byte and 0x1 and compute the horizontal sum of
+    * the values in the vector. This computes how many bytes need to be escaped within this chunk.
+    *
+    * Finally we compute a mask that indicates which bytes need to be escaped. If the mask is 0 then,
+    * no bytes need to be escaped and we can continue to the next chunk. If the mask is not 0 then we
+    * have at least one byte that needs to be escaped.
+    */
+
+    if (string_scan_simd_neon(&search->ptr, search->end, &search->matches_mask)) {
+        search->has_matches = true;
+        search->chunk_base = search->ptr;
+        search->chunk_end = search->ptr + sizeof(uint8x16_t);
+        return neon_next_match(search);
+    }
+
+    // There are fewer than 16 bytes left.
+    unsigned long remaining = (search->end - search->ptr);
+    if (remaining >= SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD) {
+        char *s = copy_remaining_bytes(search, sizeof(uint8x16_t), remaining);
+
+        uint64_t mask = compute_chunk_mask_neon(s);
+
+        if (!mask) {
+            // Nothing to escape, ensure search_flush doesn't do anything by setting
+            // search->cursor to search->ptr.
+            fbuffer_consumed(search->buffer, remaining);
+            search->ptr = search->end;
+            search->cursor = search->end;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        search->matches_mask = mask;
+        search->has_matches = true;
+        search->chunk_end = search->end;
+        search->chunk_base = search->ptr;
+        return neon_next_match(search);
+    }
+
+    if (search->ptr < search->end) {
+        return search_escape_basic(search);
+    }
+
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD_NEON */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD_SSE2
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) unsigned char sse2_next_match(search_state *search)
+{
+    int mask = search->matches_mask;
+    int index = trailing_zeros(mask);
+
+    // It is assumed escape_UTF8_char_basic will only ever increase search->ptr by at most one character.
+    // If we want to use a similar approach for full escaping we'll need to ensure:
+    //     search->chunk_base + index >= search->ptr
+    // However, since we know escape_UTF8_char_basic only increases search->ptr by one, if the next match
+    // is one byte after the previous match then:
+    //     search->chunk_base + index == search->ptr
+    search->ptr = search->chunk_base + index;
+    mask &= mask - 1;
+    search->matches_mask = mask;
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#define TARGET_SSE2 __attribute__((target("sse2")))
+#else
+#define TARGET_SSE2
+#endif
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) TARGET_SSE2 unsigned char search_escape_basic_sse2(search_state *search)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(search->has_matches)) {
+        // There are more matches if search->matches_mask > 0.
+        if (search->matches_mask > 0) {
+            return sse2_next_match(search);
+        } else {
+            // sse2_next_match will only advance search->ptr up to the last matching character.
+            // Skip over any characters in the last chunk that occur after the last match.
+            search->has_matches = false;
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(search->chunk_base + sizeof(__m128i) >= search->end)) {
+                search->ptr = search->end;
+            } else {
+                search->ptr = search->chunk_base + sizeof(__m128i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string_scan_simd_sse2(&search->ptr, search->end, &search->matches_mask)) {
+        search->has_matches = true;
+        search->chunk_base = search->ptr;
+        search->chunk_end = search->ptr + sizeof(__m128i);
+        return sse2_next_match(search);
+    }
+
+    // There are fewer than 16 bytes left.
+    unsigned long remaining = (search->end - search->ptr);
+    if (remaining >= SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD) {
+        char *s = copy_remaining_bytes(search, sizeof(__m128i), remaining);
+
+        int needs_escape_mask = compute_chunk_mask_sse2(s);
+
+        if (needs_escape_mask == 0) {
+            // Nothing to escape, ensure search_flush doesn't do anything by setting
+            // search->cursor to search->ptr.
+            fbuffer_consumed(search->buffer, remaining);
+            search->ptr = search->end;
+            search->cursor = search->end;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        search->has_matches = true;
+        search->matches_mask = needs_escape_mask;
+        search->chunk_base = search->ptr;
+        return sse2_next_match(search);
+    }
+
+    if (search->ptr < search->end) {
+        return search_escape_basic(search);
+    }
+
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD_SSE2 */
+
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
+
 static const unsigned char script_safe_escape_table[256] = {
     // ASCII Control Characters
      9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -329,7 +614,8 @@ static inline unsigned char search_ascii_only_escape(search_state *search, const
     return 0;
 }
 
-static inline void full_escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len) {
+static inline void full_escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len)
+{
     const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
     switch (ch_len) {
         case 1: {
@@ -359,7 +645,7 @@ static inline void full_escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_
 
             uint32_t wchar = 0;
 
-            switch(ch_len) {
+            switch (ch_len) {
                 case 2:
                     wchar = ch & 0x1F;
                     break;
@@ -414,288 +700,6 @@ static void convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(search_state *search, const unsigned
     }
 }
 
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator
- *
- * This is the JSON generator implemented as a C extension. It can be
- * configured to be used by setting
- *
- *  JSON.generator = JSON::Ext::Generator
- *
- * with the method generator= in JSON.
- *
- */
-
-/* Explanation of the following: that's the only way to not pollute
- * standard library's docs with GeneratorMethods::<ClassName> which
- * are uninformative and take a large place in a list of classes
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Array
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Bignum
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::FalseClass
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Fixnum
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Float
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Hash
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Integer
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::NilClass
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Object
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::String
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::String::Extend
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::TrueClass
- * :nodoc:
- */
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(state = nil)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string containing a JSON object, that is generated from
- * this Hash instance.
- * _state_ is a JSON::State object, that can also be used to configure the
- * produced JSON string output further.
- */
-static VALUE mHash_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_object, Qfalse);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(state = nil)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string containing a JSON array, that is generated from
- * this Array instance.
- * _state_ is a JSON::State object, that can also be used to configure the
- * produced JSON string output further.
- */
-static VALUE mArray_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_array, Qfalse);
-}
-
-#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string representation for this Integer number.
- */
-static VALUE mInteger_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_integer, Qfalse);
-}
-
-#else
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string representation for this Integer number.
- */
-static VALUE mFixnum_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_fixnum, Qfalse);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string representation for this Integer number.
- */
-static VALUE mBignum_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_bignum, Qfalse);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string representation for this Float number.
- */
-static VALUE mFloat_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_float, Qfalse);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: String.included(modul)
- *
- * Extends _modul_ with the String::Extend module.
- */
-static VALUE mString_included_s(VALUE self, VALUE modul) {
-    VALUE result = rb_funcall(modul, i_extend, 1, mString_Extend);
-    rb_call_super(1, &modul);
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * This string should be encoded with UTF-8 A call to this method
- * returns a JSON string encoded with UTF16 big endian characters as
- * \u????.
- */
-static VALUE mString_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    VALUE Vstate = cState_from_state_s(cState, argc == 1 ? argv[0] : Qnil);
-    return cState_partial_generate(Vstate, self, generate_json_string, Qfalse);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json_raw_object()
- *
- * This method creates a raw object hash, that can be nested into
- * other data structures and will be generated as a raw string. This
- * method should be used, if you want to convert raw strings to JSON
- * instead of UTF-8 strings, e. g. binary data.
- */
-static VALUE mString_to_json_raw_object(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    VALUE result = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_hash_aset(result, rb_funcall(mJSON, i_create_id, 0), rb_class_name(rb_obj_class(self)));
-    ary = rb_funcall(self, i_unpack, 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
-    rb_hash_aset(result, rb_utf8_str_new_lit("raw"), ary);
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json_raw(*args)
- *
- * This method creates a JSON text from the result of a call to
- * to_json_raw_object of this String.
- */
-static VALUE mString_to_json_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE obj = mString_to_json_raw_object(self);
-    Check_Type(obj, T_HASH);
-    return mHash_to_json(argc, argv, obj);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: json_create(o)
- *
- * Raw Strings are JSON Objects (the raw bytes are stored in an array for the
- * key "raw"). The Ruby String can be created by this module method.
- */
-static VALUE mString_Extend_json_create(VALUE self, VALUE o)
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    Check_Type(o, T_HASH);
-    ary = rb_hash_aref(o, rb_str_new2("raw"));
-    return rb_funcall(ary, i_pack, 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string for true: 'true'.
- */
-static VALUE mTrueClass_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    return rb_utf8_str_new("true", 4);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string for false: 'false'.
- */
-static VALUE mFalseClass_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    return rb_utf8_str_new("false", 5);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Returns a JSON string for nil: 'null'.
- */
-static VALUE mNilClass_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
-    return rb_utf8_str_new("null", 4);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq: to_json(*)
- *
- * Converts this object to a string (calling #to_s), converts
- * it to a JSON string, and returns the result. This is a fallback, if no
- * special method #to_json was defined for some object.
- */
-static VALUE mObject_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE state;
-    VALUE string = rb_funcall(self, i_to_s, 0);
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &state);
-    Check_Type(string, T_STRING);
-    state = cState_from_state_s(cState, state);
-    return cState_partial_generate(state, string, generate_json_string, Qfalse);
-}
-
 static void State_mark(void *ptr)
 {
     JSON_Generator_State *state = ptr;
@@ -718,32 +722,20 @@ static void State_compact(void *ptr)
     state->as_json = rb_gc_location(state->as_json);
 }
 
-static void State_free(void *ptr)
-{
-    JSON_Generator_State *state = ptr;
-    ruby_xfree(state);
-}
-
 static size_t State_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
     return sizeof(JSON_Generator_State);
 }
 
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-#   undef RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE
-#   define RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE 0
-#endif
-
 static const rb_data_type_t JSON_Generator_State_type = {
-    "JSON/Generator/State",
-    {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "JSON/Generator/State",
+    .function = {
         .dmark = State_mark,
-        .dfree = State_free,
+        .dfree = RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE,
         .dsize = State_memsize,
         .dcompact = State_compact,
     },
-    0, 0,
-    RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE,
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
 };
 
 static void state_init(JSON_Generator_State *state)
@@ -775,19 +767,193 @@ static void vstate_spill(struct generate_json_data *data)
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(vstate, Qundef, state->as_json);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE vstate_get(struct generate_json_data *data)
+static inline VALUE json_call_to_json(struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(!data->vstate)) {
         vstate_spill(data);
     }
-    return data->vstate;
+    GET_STATE(data->vstate);
+    state->depth = data->depth;
+    VALUE tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_json, 1, data->vstate);
+    // no need to restore state->depth, vstate is just a temporary State
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+json_call_as_json(JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE object, VALUE is_key)
+{
+    VALUE proc_args[2] = {object, is_key};
+    return rb_proc_call_with_block(state->as_json, 2, proc_args, Qnil);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+convert_string_subclass(VALUE key)
+{
+    VALUE key_to_s = rb_funcall(key, i_to_s, 0);
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(key_to_s, T_STRING))) {
+        VALUE cname = rb_obj_class(key);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
+                 "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" to %s (%"PRIsVALUE"#%s gives %"PRIsVALUE")",
+                 cname, "String", cname, "to_s", rb_obj_class(key_to_s));
+    }
+
+    return key_to_s;
+}
+
+static bool enc_utf8_compatible_p(int enc_idx)
+{
+    if (enc_idx == usascii_encindex) return true;
+    if (enc_idx == utf8_encindex) return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static VALUE encode_json_string_try(VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_funcall(str, i_encode, 1, Encoding_UTF_8);
+}
+
+static VALUE encode_json_string_rescue(VALUE str, VALUE exception)
+{
+    raise_generator_error_str(str, rb_funcall(exception, rb_intern("message"), 0));
+    return Qundef;
+}
+
+static inline int json_str_coderange(VALUE str) {
+    int coderange = RB_ENC_CODERANGE(str);
+    if (coderange == RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN) {
+        coderange = rb_enc_str_coderange(str);
+    }
+    return coderange;
+}
+
+static inline bool valid_json_string_p(VALUE str)
+{
+    int coderange = json_str_coderange(str);
+
+    if (RB_LIKELY(coderange == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (RB_LIKELY(coderange == ENC_CODERANGE_VALID)) {
+        return enc_utf8_compatible_p(RB_ENCODING_GET_INLINED(str));
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+NOINLINE(static) VALUE convert_invalid_encoding(struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE str, bool as_json_called, bool is_key)
+{
+    if (!as_json_called && data->state->strict && RTEST(data->state->as_json)) {
+        VALUE coerced_str = json_call_as_json(data->state, str, Qfalse);
+        if (coerced_str != str) {
+            if (RB_TYPE_P(coerced_str, T_STRING)) {
+                if (!valid_json_string_p(coerced_str)) {
+                    raise_generator_error(str, "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
+                }
+            } else {
+                // as_json could return another type than T_STRING
+                if (is_key) {
+                    raise_generator_error(coerced_str, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed as object key in JSON", CLASS_OF(coerced_str));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return coerced_str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (RB_ENCODING_GET_INLINED(str) == binary_encindex) {
+        VALUE utf8_string = rb_enc_associate_index(rb_str_dup(str), utf8_encindex);
+        switch (rb_enc_str_coderange(utf8_string)) {
+            case ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT:
+                return utf8_string;
+            case ENC_CODERANGE_VALID:
+                // For historical reason, we silently reinterpret binary strings as UTF-8 if it would work.
+                // TODO: Raise in 3.0.0
+                rb_warn("JSON.generate: UTF-8 string passed as BINARY, this will raise an encoding error in json 3.0");
+                return utf8_string;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return rb_rescue(encode_json_string_try, str, encode_json_string_rescue, str);
+}
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) VALUE ensure_valid_encoding(struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE str, bool as_json_called, bool is_key)
+{
+    if (RB_LIKELY(valid_json_string_p(str))) {
+        return str;
+    }
+    else {
+        return convert_invalid_encoding(data, str, as_json_called, is_key);
+    }
+}
+
+static void raw_generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
+{
+    fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
+
+    long len;
+    search_state search;
+    search.buffer = buffer;
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(obj, search.ptr, len);
+    search.cursor = search.ptr;
+    search.end = search.ptr + len;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+    search.matches_mask = 0;
+    search.has_matches = false;
+    search.chunk_base = NULL;
+    search.chunk_end = NULL;
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
+
+    switch (json_str_coderange(obj)) {
+        case ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT:
+        case ENC_CODERANGE_VALID:
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->ascii_only)) {
+                convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(&search, data->state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : ascii_only_escape_table);
+            } else if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->script_safe)) {
+                convert_UTF8_to_script_safe_JSON(&search);
+            } else {
+                convert_UTF8_to_JSON(&search);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            raise_generator_error(obj, "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
+            break;
+    }
+    fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
+}
+
+static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
+{
+    obj = ensure_valid_encoding(data, obj, false, false);
+    raw_generate_json_string(buffer, data, obj);
 }
 
 struct hash_foreach_arg {
+    VALUE hash;
     struct generate_json_data *data;
-    int iter;
+    int first_key_type;
+    bool first;
+    bool mixed_keys_encountered;
 };
 
+NOINLINE(static) void
+json_inspect_hash_with_mixed_keys(struct hash_foreach_arg *arg)
+{
+    if (arg->mixed_keys_encountered) {
+        return;
+    }
+    arg->mixed_keys_encountered = true;
+
+    JSON_Generator_State *state = arg->data->state;
+    if (state->on_duplicate_key != JSON_IGNORE) {
+        VALUE do_raise = state->on_duplicate_key == JSON_RAISE ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+        rb_funcall(mJSON, rb_intern("on_mixed_keys_hash"), 2, arg->hash, do_raise);
+    }
+}
+
 static int
 json_object_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
 {
@@ -797,304 +963,257 @@ json_object_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
     FBuffer *buffer = data->buffer;
     JSON_Generator_State *state = data->state;
 
-    long depth = state->depth;
-    int j;
+    long depth = data->depth;
+    int key_type = rb_type(key);
 
-    if (arg->iter > 0) fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ',');
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->object_nl)) {
-        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->object_nl);
+    if (arg->first) {
+        arg->first = false;
+        arg->first_key_type = key_type;
     }
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->indent)) {
-        for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
-            fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->indent);
-        }
+    else {
+        fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ',');
+    }
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->object_nl)) {
+        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->object_nl);
+    }
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->indent)) {
+        fbuffer_append_str_repeat(buffer, data->state->indent, depth);
     }
 
     VALUE key_to_s;
-    switch(rb_type(key)) {
+    bool as_json_called = false;
+
+  start:
+    switch (key_type) {
         case T_STRING:
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(arg->first_key_type != T_STRING)) {
+                json_inspect_hash_with_mixed_keys(arg);
+            }
+
             if (RB_LIKELY(RBASIC_CLASS(key) == rb_cString)) {
                 key_to_s = key;
             } else {
-                key_to_s = rb_funcall(key, i_to_s, 0);
+                key_to_s = convert_string_subclass(key);
             }
             break;
         case T_SYMBOL:
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(arg->first_key_type != T_SYMBOL)) {
+                json_inspect_hash_with_mixed_keys(arg);
+            }
+
             key_to_s = rb_sym2str(key);
             break;
         default:
+            if (data->state->strict) {
+                if (RTEST(data->state->as_json) && !as_json_called) {
+                    key = json_call_as_json(data->state, key, Qtrue);
+                    key_type = rb_type(key);
+                    as_json_called = true;
+                    goto start;
+                } else {
+                    raise_generator_error(key, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed as object key in JSON", CLASS_OF(key));
+                }
+            }
             key_to_s = rb_convert_type(key, T_STRING, "String", "to_s");
             break;
     }
 
+    key_to_s = ensure_valid_encoding(data, key_to_s, as_json_called, true);
+
     if (RB_LIKELY(RBASIC_CLASS(key_to_s) == rb_cString)) {
-        generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, key_to_s);
+        raw_generate_json_string(buffer, data, key_to_s);
     } else {
-        generate_json(buffer, data, state, key_to_s);
+        generate_json(buffer, data, key_to_s);
     }
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->space_before)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->space_before);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->space_before)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->space_before);
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ':');
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->space)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->space);
-    generate_json(buffer, data, state, val);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->space)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->space);
+    generate_json(buffer, data, val);
 
-    arg->iter++;
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static inline long increase_depth(JSON_Generator_State *state)
+static inline long increase_depth(struct generate_json_data *data)
 {
-    long depth = ++state->depth;
+    JSON_Generator_State *state = data->state;
+    long depth = ++data->depth;
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(depth > state->max_nesting && state->max_nesting)) {
-        rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %ld is too deep", --state->depth);
+        rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %ld is too deep. Did you try to serialize objects with circular references?", --data->depth);
     }
     return depth;
 }
 
-static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
-    int j;
-    long depth = increase_depth(state);
+    long depth = increase_depth(data);
 
     if (RHASH_SIZE(obj) == 0) {
         fbuffer_append(buffer, "{}", 2);
-        --state->depth;
+        --data->depth;
         return;
     }
 
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '{');
 
     struct hash_foreach_arg arg = {
+        .hash = obj,
         .data = data,
-        .iter = 0,
+        .first = true,
     };
     rb_hash_foreach(obj, json_object_i, (VALUE)&arg);
 
-    depth = --state->depth;
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->object_nl)) {
-        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->object_nl);
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->indent)) {
-            for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
-                fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->indent);
-            }
+    depth = --data->depth;
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->object_nl)) {
+        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->object_nl);
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->indent)) {
+            fbuffer_append_str_repeat(buffer, data->state->indent, depth);
         }
     }
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '}');
 }
 
-static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
-    int i, j;
-    long depth = increase_depth(state);
+    long depth = increase_depth(data);
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(obj) == 0) {
         fbuffer_append(buffer, "[]", 2);
-        --state->depth;
+        --data->depth;
         return;
     }
 
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '[');
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->array_nl)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->array_nl);
-    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(obj); i++) {
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->array_nl)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->array_nl);
+    for (int i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(obj); i++) {
         if (i > 0) {
             fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ',');
-            if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->array_nl)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->array_nl);
+            if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->array_nl)) fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->array_nl);
         }
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->indent)) {
-            for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
-                fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->indent);
-            }
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->indent)) {
+            fbuffer_append_str_repeat(buffer, data->state->indent, depth);
         }
-        generate_json(buffer, data, state, RARRAY_AREF(obj, i));
+        generate_json(buffer, data, RARRAY_AREF(obj, i));
     }
-    state->depth = --depth;
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->array_nl)) {
-        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->array_nl);
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->indent)) {
-            for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
-                fbuffer_append_str(buffer, state->indent);
-            }
+    data->depth = --depth;
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->array_nl)) {
+        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, data->state->array_nl);
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(data->state->indent)) {
+            fbuffer_append_str_repeat(buffer, data->state->indent, depth);
         }
     }
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ']');
 }
 
-static inline int enc_utf8_compatible_p(int enc_idx)
-{
-    if (enc_idx == usascii_encindex) return 1;
-    if (enc_idx == utf8_encindex) return 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static VALUE encode_json_string_try(VALUE str)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(str, i_encode, 1, Encoding_UTF_8);
-}
-
-static VALUE encode_json_string_rescue(VALUE str, VALUE exception)
-{
-    raise_generator_error_str(str, rb_funcall(exception, rb_intern("message"), 0));
-    return Qundef;
-}
-
-static inline VALUE ensure_valid_encoding(VALUE str)
-{
-    int encindex = RB_ENCODING_GET(str);
-    VALUE utf8_string;
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!enc_utf8_compatible_p(encindex))) {
-        if (encindex == binary_encindex) {
-            utf8_string = rb_enc_associate_index(rb_str_dup(str), utf8_encindex);
-            switch (rb_enc_str_coderange(utf8_string)) {
-                case ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT:
-                    return utf8_string;
-                case ENC_CODERANGE_VALID:
-                    // For historical reason, we silently reinterpret binary strings as UTF-8 if it would work.
-                    // TODO: Raise in 3.0.0
-                    rb_warn("JSON.generate: UTF-8 string passed as BINARY, this will raise an encoding error in json 3.0");
-                    return utf8_string;
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        str = rb_rescue(encode_json_string_try, str, encode_json_string_rescue, str);
-    }
-    return str;
-}
-
-static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
-{
-    obj = ensure_valid_encoding(obj);
-
-    fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
-
-    long len;
-    search_state search;
-    search.buffer = buffer;
-    RSTRING_GETMEM(obj, search.ptr, len);
-    search.cursor = search.ptr;
-    search.end = search.ptr + len;
-
-    switch(rb_enc_str_coderange(obj)) {
-        case ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT:
-        case ENC_CODERANGE_VALID:
-            if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->ascii_only)) {
-                convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(&search, state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : ascii_only_escape_table);
-            } else if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->script_safe)) {
-                convert_UTF8_to_script_safe_JSON(&search);
-            } else {
-                convert_UTF8_to_JSON(&search);
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            raise_generator_error(obj, "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
-            break;
-    }
-    fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
-}
-
-static void generate_json_fallback(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_fallback(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE tmp;
     if (rb_respond_to(obj, i_to_json)) {
-        tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_json, 1, vstate_get(data));
+        tmp = json_call_to_json(data, obj);
         Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
         fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
     } else {
         tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
         Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
-        generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, tmp);
+        generate_json_string(buffer, data, tmp);
     }
 }
 
-static inline void generate_json_symbol(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static inline void generate_json_symbol(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (state->strict) {
-        generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, rb_sym2str(obj));
+    if (data->state->strict) {
+        generate_json_string(buffer, data, rb_sym2str(obj));
     } else {
-        generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, state, obj);
+        generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, obj);
     }
 }
 
-static void generate_json_null(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_null(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append(buffer, "null", 4);
 }
 
-static void generate_json_false(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_false(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append(buffer, "false", 5);
 }
 
-static void generate_json_true(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_true(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append(buffer, "true", 4);
 }
 
-static void generate_json_fixnum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_fixnum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append_long(buffer, FIX2LONG(obj));
 }
 
-static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
-    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
+    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, StringValue(tmp));
 }
 
-#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
-static void generate_json_integer(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (FIXNUM_P(obj))
-        generate_json_fixnum(buffer, data, state, obj);
-    else
-        generate_json_bignum(buffer, data, state, obj);
-}
-#endif
-
-static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(obj);
-    char allow_nan = state->allow_nan;
-    if (!allow_nan) {
-        if (isinf(value) || isnan(value)) {
-            if (state->strict && state->as_json) {
-                VALUE casted_obj = rb_proc_call_with_block(state->as_json, 1, &obj, Qnil);
+    char allow_nan = data->state->allow_nan;
+    if (isinf(value) || isnan(value)) {
+        /* for NaN and Infinity values we either raise an error or rely on Float#to_s. */
+        if (!allow_nan) {
+            if (data->state->strict && data->state->as_json) {
+                VALUE casted_obj = json_call_as_json(data->state, obj, Qfalse);
                 if (casted_obj != obj) {
-                    increase_depth(state);
-                    generate_json(buffer, data, state, casted_obj);
-                    state->depth--;
+                    increase_depth(data);
+                    generate_json(buffer, data, casted_obj);
+                    data->depth--;
                     return;
                 }
             }
             raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0));
         }
+
+        VALUE tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
+        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
+        return;
     }
-    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0));
+
+    /* This implementation writes directly into the buffer. We reserve
+     * the 32 characters that fpconv_dtoa states as its maximum.
+     */
+    fbuffer_inc_capa(buffer, 32);
+    char* d = buffer->ptr + buffer->len;
+    int len = fpconv_dtoa(value, d);
+    /* fpconv_dtoa converts a float to its shortest string representation,
+     * but it adds a ".0" if this is a plain integer.
+     */
+    fbuffer_consumed(buffer, len);
 }
 
-static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE fragment = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, 0);
     Check_Type(fragment, T_STRING);
     fbuffer_append_str(buffer, fragment);
 }
 
-static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static inline void generate_json_general(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj, bool fallback)
 {
     bool as_json_called = false;
 start:
     if (obj == Qnil) {
-        generate_json_null(buffer, data, state, obj);
+        generate_json_null(buffer, data, obj);
     } else if (obj == Qfalse) {
-        generate_json_false(buffer, data, state, obj);
+        generate_json_false(buffer, data, obj);
     } else if (obj == Qtrue) {
-        generate_json_true(buffer, data, state, obj);
+        generate_json_true(buffer, data, obj);
     } else if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
         if (RB_FIXNUM_P(obj)) {
-            generate_json_fixnum(buffer, data, state, obj);
+            generate_json_fixnum(buffer, data, obj);
         } else if (RB_FLONUM_P(obj)) {
-            generate_json_float(buffer, data, state, obj);
+            generate_json_float(buffer, data, obj);
         } else if (RB_STATIC_SYM_P(obj)) {
-            generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, state, obj);
+            generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, obj);
         } else {
             goto general;
         }
@@ -1102,68 +1221,85 @@ start:
         VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(obj);
         switch (RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
             case T_BIGNUM:
-                generate_json_bignum(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                generate_json_bignum(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             case T_HASH:
-                if (klass != rb_cHash) goto general;
-                generate_json_object(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                if (fallback && klass != rb_cHash) goto general;
+                generate_json_object(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             case T_ARRAY:
-                if (klass != rb_cArray) goto general;
-                generate_json_array(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                if (fallback && klass != rb_cArray) goto general;
+                generate_json_array(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             case T_STRING:
-                if (klass != rb_cString) goto general;
-                generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                if (fallback && klass != rb_cString) goto general;
+
+                if (RB_LIKELY(valid_json_string_p(obj))) {
+                    raw_generate_json_string(buffer, data, obj);
+                } else if (as_json_called) {
+                    raise_generator_error(obj, "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
+                } else {
+                    obj = ensure_valid_encoding(data, obj, false, false);
+                    as_json_called = true;
+                    goto start;
+                }
                 break;
             case T_SYMBOL:
-                generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             case T_FLOAT:
-                if (klass != rb_cFloat) goto general;
-                generate_json_float(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                if (fallback && klass != rb_cFloat) goto general;
+                generate_json_float(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             case T_STRUCT:
                 if (klass != cFragment) goto general;
-                generate_json_fragment(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                generate_json_fragment(buffer, data, obj);
                 break;
             default:
             general:
-                if (state->strict) {
-                    if (RTEST(state->as_json) && !as_json_called) {
-                        obj = rb_proc_call_with_block(state->as_json, 1, &obj, Qnil);
+                if (data->state->strict) {
+                    if (RTEST(data->state->as_json) && !as_json_called) {
+                        obj = json_call_as_json(data->state, obj, Qfalse);
                         as_json_called = true;
                         goto start;
                     } else {
                         raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", CLASS_OF(obj));
                     }
                 } else {
-                    generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                    generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, obj);
                 }
         }
     }
 }
 
+static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
+{
+    generate_json_general(buffer, data, obj, true);
+}
+
+static void generate_json_no_fallback(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, VALUE obj)
+{
+    generate_json_general(buffer, data, obj, false);
+}
+
 static VALUE generate_json_try(VALUE d)
 {
     struct generate_json_data *data = (struct generate_json_data *)d;
 
-    data->func(data->buffer, data, data->state, data->obj);
+    data->func(data->buffer, data, data->obj);
 
-    return Qnil;
+    return fbuffer_finalize(data->buffer);
 }
 
-static VALUE generate_json_rescue(VALUE d, VALUE exc)
+static VALUE generate_json_ensure(VALUE d)
 {
     struct generate_json_data *data = (struct generate_json_data *)d;
     fbuffer_free(data->buffer);
 
-    rb_exc_raise(exc);
-
     return Qundef;
 }
 
-static VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, generator_func func, VALUE io)
+static inline VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, generator_func func, VALUE io)
 {
     GET_STATE(self);
 
@@ -1175,14 +1311,13 @@ static VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, generator_func func,
 
     struct generate_json_data data = {
         .buffer = &buffer,
-        .vstate = self,
+        .vstate = Qfalse, // don't use self as it may be frozen and its depth is mutated when calling to_json
         .state = state,
+        .depth = state->depth,
         .obj = obj,
         .func = func
     };
-    rb_rescue(generate_json_try, (VALUE)&data, generate_json_rescue, (VALUE)&data);
-
-    return fbuffer_finalize(&buffer);
+    return rb_ensure(generate_json_try, (VALUE)&data, generate_json_ensure, (VALUE)&data);
 }
 
 /* call-seq:
@@ -1198,10 +1333,16 @@ static VALUE cState_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     VALUE obj = argv[0];
     VALUE io = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : Qnil;
-    VALUE result = cState_partial_generate(self, obj, generate_json, io);
-    GET_STATE(self);
-    (void)state;
-    return result;
+    return cState_partial_generate(self, obj, generate_json, io);
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE cState_generate_no_fallback(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    VALUE obj = argv[0];
+    VALUE io = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : Qnil;
+    return cState_partial_generate(self, obj, generate_json_no_fallback, io);
 }
 
 static VALUE cState_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -1226,12 +1367,14 @@ static VALUE cState_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig)
     if (!objState) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated JSON::State");
 
     MEMCPY(objState, origState, JSON_Generator_State, 1);
-    objState->indent = origState->indent;
-    objState->space = origState->space;
-    objState->space_before = origState->space_before;
-    objState->object_nl = origState->object_nl;
-    objState->array_nl = origState->array_nl;
-    objState->as_json = origState->as_json;
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->indent);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->space);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->space_before);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->object_nl);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->array_nl);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, Qundef, objState->as_json);
+
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -1282,6 +1425,7 @@ static VALUE string_config(VALUE config)
  */
 static VALUE cState_indent_set(VALUE self, VALUE indent)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->indent, string_config(indent));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1307,6 +1451,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_space_set(VALUE self, VALUE space)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->space, string_config(space));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1330,6 +1475,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space_before(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_space_before_set(VALUE self, VALUE space_before)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->space_before, string_config(space_before));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1355,6 +1501,7 @@ static VALUE cState_object_nl(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_object_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE object_nl)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->object_nl, string_config(object_nl));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1378,6 +1525,7 @@ static VALUE cState_array_nl(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_array_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE array_nl)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->array_nl, string_config(array_nl));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1401,6 +1549,7 @@ static VALUE cState_as_json(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_as_json_set(VALUE self, VALUE as_json)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->as_json, rb_convert_type(as_json, T_DATA, "Proc", "to_proc"));
     return Qnil;
@@ -1432,7 +1581,21 @@ static VALUE cState_max_nesting(VALUE self)
 
 static long long_config(VALUE num)
 {
-    return RTEST(num) ? FIX2LONG(num) : 0;
+    return RTEST(num) ? NUM2LONG(num) : 0;
+}
+
+// depth must never be negative; reject early with a clear error.
+static long depth_config(VALUE num)
+{
+    if (!RTEST(num)) return 0;
+    long d = NUM2LONG(num);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(d < 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "depth must be >= 0 (got %ld)", d);
+    }
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(d > INT_MAX)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "depth is too large (got %ld)", d);
+    }
+    return d;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1443,6 +1606,7 @@ static long long_config(VALUE num)
  */
 static VALUE cState_max_nesting_set(VALUE self, VALUE depth)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     state->max_nesting = long_config(depth);
     return Qnil;
@@ -1468,6 +1632,7 @@ static VALUE cState_script_safe(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_script_safe_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     state->script_safe = RTEST(enable);
     return Qnil;
@@ -1499,6 +1664,7 @@ static VALUE cState_strict(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_strict_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     state->strict = RTEST(enable);
     return Qnil;
@@ -1523,6 +1689,7 @@ static VALUE cState_allow_nan_p(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_allow_nan_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     state->allow_nan = RTEST(enable);
     return Qnil;
@@ -1547,11 +1714,25 @@ static VALUE cState_ascii_only_p(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_ascii_only_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     state->ascii_only = RTEST(enable);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static VALUE cState_allow_duplicate_key_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    GET_STATE(self);
+    switch (state->on_duplicate_key) {
+        case JSON_IGNORE:
+            return Qtrue;
+        case JSON_DEPRECATED:
+            return Qnil;
+        default:
+            return Qfalse;
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq: depth
  *
@@ -1571,8 +1752,9 @@ static VALUE cState_depth(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE cState_depth_set(VALUE self, VALUE depth)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
-    state->depth = long_config(depth);
+    state->depth = depth_config(depth);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -1604,33 +1786,54 @@ static void buffer_initial_length_set(JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE buffer_
  */
 static VALUE cState_buffer_initial_length_set(VALUE self, VALUE buffer_initial_length)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
     buffer_initial_length_set(state, buffer_initial_length);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+struct configure_state_data {
+    JSON_Generator_State *state;
+    VALUE vstate;  // Ruby object that owns the state, or Qfalse if stack-allocated
+};
+
+static inline void state_write_value(struct configure_state_data *data, VALUE *field, VALUE value)
+{
+    if (RTEST(data->vstate)) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(data->vstate, field, value);
+    } else {
+        *field = value;
+    }
+}
+
 static int configure_state_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
 {
-    JSON_Generator_State *state = (JSON_Generator_State *)_arg;
+    struct configure_state_data *data = (struct configure_state_data *)_arg;
+    JSON_Generator_State *state = data->state;
 
-         if (key == sym_indent)                { state->indent = string_config(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_space)                 { state->space = string_config(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_space_before)          { state->space_before = string_config(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_object_nl)             { state->object_nl = string_config(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_array_nl)              { state->array_nl = string_config(val); }
+         if (key == sym_indent)                { state_write_value(data, &state->indent, string_config(val)); }
+    else if (key == sym_space)                 { state_write_value(data, &state->space, string_config(val)); }
+    else if (key == sym_space_before)          { state_write_value(data, &state->space_before, string_config(val)); }
+    else if (key == sym_object_nl)             { state_write_value(data, &state->object_nl, string_config(val)); }
+    else if (key == sym_array_nl)              { state_write_value(data, &state->array_nl, string_config(val)); }
     else if (key == sym_max_nesting)           { state->max_nesting = long_config(val); }
     else if (key == sym_allow_nan)             { state->allow_nan = RTEST(val); }
     else if (key == sym_ascii_only)            { state->ascii_only = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_depth)                 { state->depth = long_config(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_depth)                 { state->depth = depth_config(val); }
     else if (key == sym_buffer_initial_length) { buffer_initial_length_set(state, val); }
     else if (key == sym_script_safe)           { state->script_safe = RTEST(val); }
     else if (key == sym_escape_slash)          { state->script_safe = RTEST(val); }
     else if (key == sym_strict)                { state->strict = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_as_json)               { state->as_json = RTEST(val) ? rb_convert_type(val, T_DATA, "Proc", "to_proc") : Qfalse; }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_duplicate_key)   { state->on_duplicate_key = RTEST(val) ? JSON_IGNORE : JSON_RAISE; }
+    else if (key == sym_as_json)               {
+        VALUE proc = RTEST(val) ? rb_convert_type(val, T_DATA, "Proc", "to_proc") : Qfalse;
+        state->as_json_single_arg = proc && rb_proc_arity(proc) == 1;
+        state_write_value(data, &state->as_json, proc);
+    }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static void configure_state(JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE config)
+static void configure_state(JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE vstate, VALUE config)
 {
     if (!RTEST(config)) return;
 
@@ -1638,23 +1841,29 @@ static void configure_state(JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE config)
 
     if (!RHASH_SIZE(config)) return;
 
+    struct configure_state_data data = {
+        .state = state,
+        .vstate = vstate
+    };
+
     // We assume in most cases few keys are set so it's faster to go over
     // the provided keys than to check all possible keys.
-    rb_hash_foreach(config, configure_state_i, (VALUE)state);
+    rb_hash_foreach(config, configure_state_i, (VALUE)&data);
 }
 
 static VALUE cState_configure(VALUE self, VALUE opts)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_STATE(self);
-    configure_state(state, opts);
+    configure_state(state, self, opts);
     return self;
 }
 
-static VALUE cState_m_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE obj, VALUE opts, VALUE io)
+static VALUE cState_m_do_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE obj, VALUE opts, VALUE io, generator_func func)
 {
     JSON_Generator_State state = {0};
     state_init(&state);
-    configure_state(&state, opts);
+    configure_state(&state, Qfalse, opts);
 
     char stack_buffer[FBUFFER_STACK_SIZE];
     FBuffer buffer = {
@@ -1666,17 +1875,23 @@ static VALUE cState_m_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE obj, VALUE opts, VALUE io)
         .buffer = &buffer,
         .vstate = Qfalse,
         .state = &state,
+        .depth = state.depth,
         .obj = obj,
-        .func = generate_json,
+        .func = func,
     };
-    rb_rescue(generate_json_try, (VALUE)&data, generate_json_rescue, (VALUE)&data);
+    return rb_ensure(generate_json_try, (VALUE)&data, generate_json_ensure, (VALUE)&data);
+}
 
-    return fbuffer_finalize(&buffer);
+static VALUE cState_m_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE obj, VALUE opts, VALUE io)
+{
+    return cState_m_do_generate(klass, obj, opts, io, generate_json);
+}
+
+static VALUE cState_m_generate_no_fallback(VALUE klass, VALUE obj, VALUE opts, VALUE io)
+{
+    return cState_m_do_generate(klass, obj, opts, io, generate_json_no_fallback);
 }
 
-/*
- *
- */
 void Init_generator(void)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
@@ -1741,51 +1956,12 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     rb_define_method(cState, "buffer_initial_length", cState_buffer_initial_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "buffer_initial_length=", cState_buffer_initial_length_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "generate", cState_generate, -1);
-    rb_define_alias(cState, "generate_new", "generate"); // :nodoc:
+    rb_define_method(cState, "_generate_no_fallback", cState_generate_no_fallback, -1);
 
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cState, "generate", cState_m_generate, 3);
-
-    VALUE mGeneratorMethods = rb_define_module_under(mGenerator, "GeneratorMethods");
-
-    VALUE mObject = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Object");
-    rb_define_method(mObject, "to_json", mObject_to_json, -1);
-
-    VALUE mHash = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Hash");
-    rb_define_method(mHash, "to_json", mHash_to_json, -1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cState, "allow_duplicate_key?", cState_allow_duplicate_key_p, 0);
 
-    VALUE mArray = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Array");
-    rb_define_method(mArray, "to_json", mArray_to_json, -1);
-
-#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
-    VALUE mInteger = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Integer");
-    rb_define_method(mInteger, "to_json", mInteger_to_json, -1);
-#else
-    VALUE mFixnum = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Fixnum");
-    rb_define_method(mFixnum, "to_json", mFixnum_to_json, -1);
-
-    VALUE mBignum = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Bignum");
-    rb_define_method(mBignum, "to_json", mBignum_to_json, -1);
-#endif
-    VALUE mFloat = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Float");
-    rb_define_method(mFloat, "to_json", mFloat_to_json, -1);
-
-    VALUE mString = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "String");
-    rb_define_singleton_method(mString, "included", mString_included_s, 1);
-    rb_define_method(mString, "to_json", mString_to_json, -1);
-    rb_define_method(mString, "to_json_raw", mString_to_json_raw, -1);
-    rb_define_method(mString, "to_json_raw_object", mString_to_json_raw_object, 0);
-
-    mString_Extend = rb_define_module_under(mString, "Extend");
-    rb_define_method(mString_Extend, "json_create", mString_Extend_json_create, 1);
-
-    VALUE mTrueClass = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "TrueClass");
-    rb_define_method(mTrueClass, "to_json", mTrueClass_to_json, -1);
-
-    VALUE mFalseClass = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "FalseClass");
-    rb_define_method(mFalseClass, "to_json", mFalseClass_to_json, -1);
-
-    VALUE mNilClass = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "NilClass");
-    rb_define_method(mNilClass, "to_json", mNilClass_to_json, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cState, "generate", cState_m_generate, 3);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cState, "_generate_no_fallback", cState_m_generate_no_fallback, 3);
 
     rb_global_variable(&Encoding_UTF_8);
     Encoding_UTF_8 = rb_const_get(rb_path2class("Encoding"), rb_intern("UTF_8"));
@@ -1793,10 +1969,6 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     i_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
     i_to_json = rb_intern("to_json");
     i_new = rb_intern("new");
-    i_pack = rb_intern("pack");
-    i_unpack = rb_intern("unpack");
-    i_create_id = rb_intern("create_id");
-    i_extend = rb_intern("extend");
     i_encode = rb_intern("encode");
 
     sym_indent = ID2SYM(rb_intern("indent"));
@@ -1813,10 +1985,13 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     sym_escape_slash = ID2SYM(rb_intern("escape_slash"));
     sym_strict = ID2SYM(rb_intern("strict"));
     sym_as_json = ID2SYM(rb_intern("as_json"));
+    sym_allow_duplicate_key = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_duplicate_key"));
 
     usascii_encindex = rb_usascii_encindex();
     utf8_encindex = rb_utf8_encindex();
     binary_encindex = rb_ascii8bit_encindex();
 
     rb_require("json/ext/generator/state");
+
+    simd_impl = find_simd_implementation();
 }
diff --git a/ext/json/json.gemspec b/ext/json/json.gemspec
index 943c78aab9..5575731025 100644
--- a/ext/json/json.gemspec
+++ b/ext/json/json.gemspec
@@ -44,15 +44,14 @@ spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     "LEGAL",
     "README.md",
     "json.gemspec",
-    *Dir["lib/**/*.rb"],
-  ]
+  ] + Dir.glob("lib/**/*.rb", base: File.expand_path("..", __FILE__))
 
   if java_ext
     s.platform = 'java'
     s.files += Dir["lib/json/ext/**/*.jar"]
   else
     s.extensions = Dir["ext/json/**/extconf.rb"]
-    s.files += Dir["ext/json/**/*.{c,h}"]
+    s.files += Dir["ext/json/**/*.{c,h,rb}"]
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/json/json.h b/ext/json/json.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8737989a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/json.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#ifndef _JSON_H_
+#define _JSON_H_
+
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifndef RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME
+# define RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(x)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(RUBY_DEBUG) && RUBY_DEBUG
+# define JSON_ASSERT RUBY_ASSERT
+#else
+# ifdef JSON_DEBUG
+#  include <assert.h>
+#  define JSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+# else
+#  define JSON_ASSERT(x)
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* shims */
+
+#if SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define INT64T2NUM(x) LL2NUM(x)
+# define UINT64T2NUM(x) ULL2NUM(x)
+#elif SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define INT64T2NUM(x) LONG2NUM(x)
+# define UINT64T2NUM(x) ULONG2NUM(x)
+#else
+# error No uint64_t conversion
+#endif
+
+/* This is the fallback definition from Ruby 3.4 */
+#ifndef RBIMPL_STDBOOL_H
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+# if defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#  include <cstdbool>
+# endif
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H)
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#elif !defined(HAVE__BOOL)
+typedef unsigned char _Bool;
+# define bool  _Bool
+# define true  ((_Bool)+1)
+# define false ((_Bool)+0)
+# define __bool_true_false_are_defined
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+#   undef RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE
+#   define RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 1
+#else
+# ifdef HAVE_CONST_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 1
+# else
+#  define RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NORETURN
+#if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(noreturn)
+#define NORETURN(x) __attribute__((noreturn)) x
+#else
+#define NORETURN(x) x
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NOINLINE
+#if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(noinline)
+#define NOINLINE(x) __attribute__((noinline)) x
+#else
+#define NOINLINE(x) x
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ALWAYS_INLINE
+#if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(always_inline)
+#define ALWAYS_INLINE(x) inline __attribute__((always_inline)) x
+#else
+#define ALWAYS_INLINE(x) inline x
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RB_UNLIKELY
+#define RB_UNLIKELY(expr) expr
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RB_LIKELY
+#define RB_LIKELY(expr) expr
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAYBE_UNUSED
+# define MAYBE_UNUSED(x) x
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RUBY_DEBUG
+#ifndef JSON_DEBUG
+#define JSON_DEBUG RUBY_DEBUG
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ && INTPTR_MAX == INT64_MAX
+#define JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS 1
+#else
+#define JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS 0
+#endif
+
+#endif // _JSON_H_
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json.rb b/ext/json/lib/json.rb
index dfd9b7dfc2..26d601926f 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ require 'json/common'
 #
 # \JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format.
 #
+# \JSON is easy for us humans to read and write,
+# and equally simple for machines to read (parse) and write (generate).
+#
+# \JSON is language-independent, making it an ideal interchange format
+# for applications in differing programming languages
+# and on differing operating systems.
+#
+# == \JSON Values
+#
 # A \JSON value is one of the following:
 # - Double-quoted text:  <tt>"foo"</tt>.
 # - Number:  +1+, +1.0+, +2.0e2+.
@@ -127,6 +136,24 @@ require 'json/common'
 #
 # ---
 #
+# Option +allow_duplicate_key+ specifies whether duplicate keys in objects
+# should be ignored or cause an error to be raised:
+#
+# When not specified:
+#   # The last value is used and a deprecation warning emitted.
+#   JSON.parse('{"a": 1, "a":2}') => {"a" => 2}
+#   # warning: detected duplicate keys in JSON object.
+#   # This will raise an error in json 3.0 unless enabled via `allow_duplicate_key: true`
+#
+# When set to `+true+`
+#   # The last value is used.
+#   JSON.parse('{"a": 1, "a":2}') => {"a" => 2}
+#
+# When set to `+false+`, the future default:
+#   JSON.parse('{"a": 1, "a":2}') => duplicate key at line 1 column 1 (JSON::ParserError)
+#
+# ---
+#
 # Option +allow_nan+ (boolean) specifies whether to allow
 # NaN, Infinity, and MinusInfinity in +source+;
 # defaults to +false+.
@@ -143,8 +170,47 @@ require 'json/common'
 #   ruby = JSON.parse(source, {allow_nan: true})
 #   ruby # => [NaN, Infinity, -Infinity]
 #
+# ---
+#
+# Option +allow_trailing_comma+ (boolean) specifies whether to allow
+# trailing commas in objects and arrays;
+# defaults to +false+.
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   JSON.parse('[1,]') # unexpected character: ']' at line 1 column 4 (JSON::ParserError)
+#
+# When enabled:
+#   JSON.parse('[1,]', allow_trailing_comma: true) # => [1]
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +allow_control_characters+ (boolean) specifies whether to allow
+# unescaped ASCII control characters, such as newlines, in strings;
+# defaults to +false+.
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   JSON.parse(%{"Hello\nWorld"}) # invalid ASCII control character in string (JSON::ParserError)
+#
+# When enabled:
+#   JSON.parse(%{"Hello\nWorld"}, allow_control_characters: true) # => "Hello\nWorld"
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +allow_invalid_escape+ (boolean) specifies whether to ignore backslahes that are followed
+# by an invalid escape character in strings;
+# defaults to +false+.
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   JSON.parse('"Hell\o"') # invalid escape character in string (JSON::ParserError)
+#
+# When enabled:
+#   JSON.parse('"Hell\o"', allow_invalid_escape: true) # => "Hello"
+#
 # ====== Output Options
 #
+# Option +freeze+ (boolean) specifies whether the returned objects will be frozen;
+# defaults to +false+.
+#
 # Option +symbolize_names+ (boolean) specifies whether returned \Hash keys
 # should be Symbols;
 # defaults to +false+ (use Strings).
@@ -269,8 +335,27 @@ require 'json/common'
 #   JSON.generate(JSON::MinusInfinity)
 #
 # Allow:
-#   ruby = [Float::NaN, Float::Infinity, Float::MinusInfinity]
-#   JSON.generate(ruby, allow_nan: true) # => '[NaN,Infinity,-Infinity]'
+#   ruby = [Float::NAN, Float::INFINITY, JSON::NaN, JSON::Infinity, JSON::MinusInfinity]
+#   JSON.generate(ruby, allow_nan: true) # => '[NaN,Infinity,NaN,Infinity,-Infinity]'
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +allow_duplicate_key+ (boolean) specifies whether
+# hashes with duplicate keys should be allowed or produce an error.
+# defaults to emit a deprecation warning.
+#
+# With the default, (not set):
+#   Warning[:deprecated] = true
+#   JSON.generate({ foo: 1, "foo" => 2 })
+#   # warning: detected duplicate key "foo" in {foo: 1, "foo" => 2}.
+#   # This will raise an error in json 3.0 unless enabled via `allow_duplicate_key: true`
+#   # => '{"foo":1,"foo":2}'
+#
+# With <tt>false</tt>
+#   JSON.generate({ foo: 1, "foo" => 2 }, allow_duplicate_key: false)
+#   # detected duplicate key "foo" in {foo: 1, "foo" => 2} (JSON::GeneratorError)
+#
+# In version 3.0, <tt>false</tt> will become the default.
 #
 # ---
 #
@@ -351,6 +436,9 @@ require 'json/common'
 #
 # == \JSON Additions
 #
+# Note that JSON Additions must only be used with trusted data, and is
+# deprecated.
+#
 # When you "round trip" a non-\String object from Ruby to \JSON and back,
 # you have a new \String, instead of the object you began with:
 #   ruby0 = Range.new(0, 2)
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb
index 485f097fff..61ff454212 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ require 'json/add/date_time'
 require 'json/add/exception'
 require 'json/add/range'
 require 'json/add/regexp'
+require 'json/add/string'
 require 'json/add/struct'
 require 'json/add/symbol'
 require 'json/add/time'
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/add/string.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/add/string.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c3bde27fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/add/string.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+unless defined?(::JSON::JSON_LOADED) and ::JSON::JSON_LOADED
+  require 'json'
+end
+
+class String
+  # call-seq: json_create(o)
+  #
+  # Raw Strings are JSON Objects (the raw bytes are stored in an array for the
+  # key "raw"). The Ruby String can be created by this class method.
+  def self.json_create(object)
+    object["raw"].pack("C*")
+  end
+
+  # call-seq: to_json_raw_object()
+  #
+  # This method creates a raw object hash, that can be nested into
+  # other data structures and will be generated as a raw string. This
+  # method should be used, if you want to convert raw strings to JSON
+  # instead of UTF-8 strings, e. g. binary data.
+  def to_json_raw_object
+    {
+      JSON.create_id => self.class.name,
+      "raw" => unpack("C*"),
+    }
+  end
+
+  # call-seq: to_json_raw(*args)
+  #
+  # This method creates a JSON text from the result of a call to
+  # to_json_raw_object of this String.
+  def to_json_raw(...)
+    to_json_raw_object.to_json(...)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/common.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/common.rb
index 9094df00a5..230bf08012 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/common.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/common.rb
@@ -5,10 +5,119 @@ require 'json/version'
 module JSON
   autoload :GenericObject, 'json/generic_object'
 
-  NOT_SET = Object.new.freeze
-  private_constant :NOT_SET
+  module ParserOptions # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      def prepare(opts)
+        if opts[:object_class] || opts[:array_class]
+          opts = opts.dup
+          on_load = opts[:on_load]
+
+          on_load = object_class_proc(opts[:object_class], on_load) if opts[:object_class]
+          on_load = array_class_proc(opts[:array_class], on_load) if opts[:array_class]
+          opts[:on_load] = on_load
+        end
+
+        if opts.fetch(:create_additions, false) != false
+          opts = create_additions_proc(opts)
+        end
+
+        opts
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def object_class_proc(object_class, on_load)
+        ->(obj) do
+          if Hash === obj
+            object = object_class.new
+            obj.each { |k, v| object[k] = v }
+            obj = object
+          end
+          on_load.nil? ? obj : on_load.call(obj)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def array_class_proc(array_class, on_load)
+        ->(obj) do
+          if Array === obj
+            array = array_class.new
+            obj.each { |v| array << v }
+            obj = array
+          end
+          on_load.nil? ? obj : on_load.call(obj)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # TODO: extract :create_additions support to another gem for version 3.0
+      def create_additions_proc(opts)
+        if opts[:symbolize_names]
+          raise ArgumentError, "options :symbolize_names and :create_additions cannot be  used in conjunction"
+        end
+
+        opts = opts.dup
+        create_additions = opts.fetch(:create_additions, false)
+        on_load = opts[:on_load]
+        object_class = opts[:object_class] || Hash
+
+        opts[:on_load] = ->(object) do
+          case object
+          when String
+            opts[:match_string]&.each do |pattern, klass|
+              if match = pattern.match(object)
+                create_additions_warning if create_additions.nil?
+                object = klass.json_create(object)
+                break
+              end
+            end
+          when object_class
+            if opts[:create_additions] != false
+              if class_path = object[JSON.create_id]
+                klass = begin
+                  Object.const_get(class_path)
+                rescue NameError => e
+                  raise ArgumentError, "can't get const #{class_path}: #{e}"
+                end
+
+                if klass.respond_to?(:json_creatable?) ? klass.json_creatable? : klass.respond_to?(:json_create)
+                  create_additions_warning if create_additions.nil?
+                  object = klass.json_create(object)
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          on_load.nil? ? object : on_load.call(object)
+        end
+
+        opts
+      end
+
+      def create_additions_warning
+        JSON.deprecation_warning "JSON.load implicit support for `create_additions: true` is deprecated " \
+          "and will be removed in 3.0, use JSON.unsafe_load or explicitly " \
+          "pass `create_additions: true`"
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
   class << self
+    def deprecation_warning(message, uplevel = 3) # :nodoc:
+      gem_root = File.expand_path("..", __dir__) + "/"
+      caller_locations(uplevel, 10).each do |frame|
+        if frame.path.nil? || frame.path.start_with?(gem_root) || frame.path.end_with?("/truffle/cext_ruby.rb", ".c")
+          uplevel += 1
+        else
+          break
+        end
+      end
+
+      if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+        warn(message, uplevel: uplevel, category: :deprecated)
+      else
+        warn(message, uplevel: uplevel)
+      end
+    end
+
     # :call-seq:
     #   JSON[object] -> new_array or new_string
     #
@@ -20,7 +129,7 @@ module JSON
     # Otherwise, calls JSON.generate with +object+ and +opts+ (see method #generate):
     #   ruby = [0, 1, nil]
     #   JSON[ruby] # => '[0,1,null]'
-    def [](object, opts = {})
+    def [](object, opts = nil)
       if object.is_a?(String)
         return JSON.parse(object, opts)
       elsif object.respond_to?(:to_str)
@@ -43,64 +152,76 @@ module JSON
       const_set :Parser, parser
     end
 
-    # Return the constant located at _path_. The format of _path_ has to be
-    # either ::A::B::C or A::B::C. In any case, A has to be located at the top
-    # level (absolute namespace path?). If there doesn't exist a constant at
-    # the given path, an ArgumentError is raised.
-    def deep_const_get(path) # :nodoc:
-      Object.const_get(path)
-    rescue NameError => e
-      raise ArgumentError, "can't get const #{path}: #{e}"
-    end
-
     # Set the module _generator_ to be used by JSON.
     def generator=(generator) # :nodoc:
       old, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
       @generator = generator
-      generator_methods = generator::GeneratorMethods
-      for const in generator_methods.constants
-        klass = const_get(const)
-        modul = generator_methods.const_get(const)
-        klass.class_eval do
-          instance_methods(false).each do |m|
-            m.to_s == 'to_json' and remove_method m
+      if generator.const_defined?(:GeneratorMethods)
+        generator_methods = generator::GeneratorMethods
+        for const in generator_methods.constants
+          klass = const_get(const)
+          modul = generator_methods.const_get(const)
+          klass.class_eval do
+            instance_methods(false).each do |m|
+              m.to_s == 'to_json' and remove_method m
+            end
+            include modul
           end
-          include modul
         end
       end
       self.state = generator::State
-      const_set :State, self.state
-      const_set :SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE, State.new # for JRuby
-      const_set :FAST_STATE_PROTOTYPE, create_fast_state
-      const_set :PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE, create_pretty_state
+      const_set :State, state
     ensure
       $VERBOSE = old
     end
 
-    def create_fast_state
-      State.new(
-        :indent         => '',
-        :space          => '',
-        :object_nl      => "",
-        :array_nl       => "",
-        :max_nesting    => false
-      )
-    end
-
-    def create_pretty_state
-      State.new(
-        :indent         => '  ',
-        :space          => ' ',
-        :object_nl      => "\n",
-        :array_nl       => "\n"
-      )
-    end
-
     # Returns the JSON generator module that is used by JSON.
     attr_reader :generator
 
     # Sets or Returns the JSON generator state class that is used by JSON.
     attr_accessor :state
+
+    private
+
+    # Called from the extension when a hash has both string and symbol keys
+    def on_mixed_keys_hash(hash, do_raise)
+      set = {}
+      hash.each_key do |key|
+        key_str = key.to_s
+
+        if set[key_str]
+          message = "detected duplicate key #{key_str.inspect} in #{hash.inspect}"
+          if do_raise
+            raise GeneratorError, message
+          else
+            deprecation_warning("#{message}.\nThis will raise an error in json 3.0 unless enabled via `allow_duplicate_key: true`")
+          end
+        else
+          set[key_str] = true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def deprecated_singleton_attr_accessor(*attrs)
+      args = RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0" ? ", category: :deprecated" : ""
+      attrs.each do |attr|
+        singleton_class.class_eval <<~RUBY
+          def #{attr}
+            warn "JSON.#{attr} is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1 #{args}
+            @#{attr}
+          end
+
+          def #{attr}=(val)
+            warn "JSON.#{attr}= is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1 #{args}
+            @#{attr} = val
+          end
+
+          def _#{attr}
+            @#{attr}
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   # Sets create identifier, which is used to decide if the _json_create_
@@ -116,32 +237,24 @@ module JSON
     Thread.current[:"JSON.create_id"] || 'json_class'
   end
 
-  NaN           = 0.0/0
+  NaN           = Float::NAN
 
-  Infinity      = 1.0/0
+  Infinity      = Float::INFINITY
 
   MinusInfinity = -Infinity
 
   # The base exception for JSON errors.
-  class JSONError < StandardError
-    def self.wrap(exception)
-      obj = new("Wrapped(#{exception.class}): #{exception.message.inspect}")
-      obj.set_backtrace exception.backtrace
-      obj
-    end
-  end
+  class JSONError < StandardError; end
 
   # This exception is raised if a parser error occurs.
-  class ParserError < JSONError; end
+  class ParserError < JSONError
+    attr_reader :line, :column
+  end
 
   # This exception is raised if the nesting of parsed data structures is too
   # deep.
   class NestingError < ParserError; end
 
-  # :stopdoc:
-  class CircularDatastructure < NestingError; end
-  # :startdoc:
-
   # This exception is raised if a generator or unparser error occurs.
   class GeneratorError < JSONError
     attr_reader :invalid_object
@@ -163,13 +276,6 @@ module JSON
     end
   end
 
-  # For backwards compatibility
-  UnparserError = GeneratorError # :nodoc:
-
-  # This exception is raised if the required unicode support is missing on the
-  # system. Usually this means that the iconv library is not installed.
-  class MissingUnicodeSupport < JSONError; end
-
   # Fragment of JSON document that is to be included as is:
   #   fragment = JSON::Fragment.new("[1, 2, 3]")
   #   JSON.generate({ count: 3, items: fragments })
@@ -179,7 +285,7 @@ module JSON
   # to string interpolation.
   #
   # Note: no validation is performed on the provided string. It is the
-  # responsability of the caller to ensure the string contains valid JSON.
+  # responsibility of the caller to ensure the string contains valid JSON.
   Fragment = Struct.new(:json) do
     def initialize(json)
       unless string = String.try_convert(json)
@@ -245,9 +351,16 @@ module JSON
   #   JSON.parse('')
   #
   def parse(source, opts = nil)
+    opts = ParserOptions.prepare(opts) unless opts.nil?
     Parser.parse(source, opts)
   end
 
+  PARSE_L_OPTIONS = {
+    max_nesting: false,
+    allow_nan: true,
+  }.freeze
+  private_constant :PARSE_L_OPTIONS
+
   # :call-seq:
   #   JSON.parse!(source, opts) -> object
   #
@@ -260,12 +373,11 @@ module JSON
   #   which disables checking for nesting depth.
   # - Option +allow_nan+, if not provided, defaults to +true+.
   def parse!(source, opts = nil)
-    options = {
-      :max_nesting  => false,
-      :allow_nan    => true
-    }
-    options.merge!(opts) if opts
-    Parser.new(source, options).parse
+    if opts.nil?
+      parse(source, PARSE_L_OPTIONS)
+    else
+      parse(source, PARSE_L_OPTIONS.merge(opts))
+    end
   end
 
   # :call-seq:
@@ -295,7 +407,7 @@ module JSON
   #
   # Returns a \String containing the generated \JSON data.
   #
-  # See also JSON.fast_generate, JSON.pretty_generate.
+  # See also JSON.pretty_generate.
   #
   # Argument +obj+ is the Ruby object to be converted to \JSON.
   #
@@ -334,13 +446,6 @@ module JSON
     end
   end
 
-  # :stopdoc:
-  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and
-  # later delete them.
-  alias unparse generate
-  module_function :unparse
-  # :startdoc:
-
   # :call-seq:
   #   JSON.fast_generate(obj, opts) -> new_string
   #
@@ -355,19 +460,21 @@ module JSON
   #   # Raises SystemStackError (stack level too deep):
   #   JSON.fast_generate(a)
   def fast_generate(obj, opts = nil)
-    if State === opts
-      state = opts
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "JSON.fast_generate is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
     else
-      state = JSON.create_fast_state.configure(opts)
+      warn "JSON.fast_generate is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1
     end
-    state.generate(obj)
+    generate(obj, opts)
   end
 
-  # :stopdoc:
-  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and later delete them.
-  alias fast_unparse fast_generate
-  module_function :fast_unparse
-  # :startdoc:
+  PRETTY_GENERATE_OPTIONS = {
+    indent: '  ',
+    space: ' ',
+    object_nl: "\n",
+    array_nl: "\n",
+  }.freeze
+  private_constant :PRETTY_GENERATE_OPTIONS
 
   # :call-seq:
   #   JSON.pretty_generate(obj, opts = nil) -> new_string
@@ -400,57 +507,52 @@ module JSON
   #   }
   #
   def pretty_generate(obj, opts = nil)
-    if State === opts
-      state, opts = opts, nil
-    else
-      state = JSON.create_pretty_state
-    end
+    return opts.generate(obj) if State === opts
+
+    options = PRETTY_GENERATE_OPTIONS
+
     if opts
-      if opts.respond_to? :to_hash
-        opts = opts.to_hash
-      elsif opts.respond_to? :to_h
-        opts = opts.to_h
-      else
-        raise TypeError, "can't convert #{opts.class} into Hash"
+      unless opts.is_a?(Hash)
+        if opts.respond_to? :to_hash
+          opts = opts.to_hash
+        elsif opts.respond_to? :to_h
+          opts = opts.to_h
+        else
+          raise TypeError, "can't convert #{opts.class} into Hash"
+        end
       end
-      state.configure(opts)
+      options = options.merge(opts)
     end
-    state.generate(obj)
+
+    State.generate(obj, options, nil)
   end
 
-  # :stopdoc:
-  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and later delete them.
-  alias pretty_unparse pretty_generate
-  module_function :pretty_unparse
-  # :startdoc:
+  # Sets or returns default options for the JSON.unsafe_load method.
+  # Initially:
+  #   opts = JSON.load_default_options
+  #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true, :allow_blank=>true, :create_additions=>true}
+  deprecated_singleton_attr_accessor :unsafe_load_default_options
 
-  class << self
-    # Sets or returns default options for the JSON.unsafe_load method.
-    # Initially:
-    #   opts = JSON.load_default_options
-    #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true, :allow_blank=>true, :create_additions=>true}
-    attr_accessor :unsafe_load_default_options
-  end
-  self.unsafe_load_default_options = {
+  @unsafe_load_default_options = {
     :max_nesting      => false,
     :allow_nan        => true,
     :allow_blank      => true,
     :create_additions => true,
   }
 
-  class << self
-    # Sets or returns default options for the JSON.load method.
-    # Initially:
-    #   opts = JSON.load_default_options
-    #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true, :allow_blank=>true, :create_additions=>true}
-    attr_accessor :load_default_options
-  end
-  self.load_default_options = {
+  # Sets or returns default options for the JSON.load method.
+  # Initially:
+  #   opts = JSON.load_default_options
+  #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true, :allow_blank=>true, :create_additions=>true}
+  deprecated_singleton_attr_accessor :load_default_options
+
+  @load_default_options = {
     :allow_nan        => true,
     :allow_blank      => true,
     :create_additions => nil,
   }
   # :call-seq:
+  #   JSON.unsafe_load(source, options = {}) -> object
   #   JSON.unsafe_load(source, proc = nil, options = {}) -> object
   #
   # Returns the Ruby objects created by parsing the given +source+.
@@ -558,6 +660,7 @@ module JSON
   #     when Array
   #       obj.map! {|v| deserialize_obj v }
   #     end
+  #     obj
   #   })
   #   pp ruby
   # Output:
@@ -581,9 +684,14 @@ module JSON
   #
   def unsafe_load(source, proc = nil, options = nil)
     opts = if options.nil?
-      unsafe_load_default_options
+      if proc && proc.is_a?(Hash)
+        options, proc = proc, nil
+        options
+      else
+        _unsafe_load_default_options
+      end
     else
-      unsafe_load_default_options.merge(options)
+      _unsafe_load_default_options.merge(options)
     end
 
     unless source.is_a?(String)
@@ -599,12 +707,17 @@ module JSON
     if opts[:allow_blank] && (source.nil? || source.empty?)
       source = 'null'
     end
-    result = parse(source, opts)
-    recurse_proc(result, &proc) if proc
-    result
+
+    if proc
+      opts = opts.dup
+      opts[:on_load] = proc.to_proc
+    end
+
+    parse(source, opts)
   end
 
   # :call-seq:
+  #   JSON.load(source, options = {}) -> object
   #   JSON.load(source, proc = nil, options = {}) -> object
   #
   # Returns the Ruby objects created by parsing the given +source+.
@@ -718,6 +831,7 @@ module JSON
   #     when Array
   #       obj.map! {|v| deserialize_obj v }
   #     end
+  #     obj
   #   })
   #   pp ruby
   # Output:
@@ -740,10 +854,20 @@ module JSON
   #      @attributes={"type"=>"Admin", "password"=>"0wn3d"}>}
   #
   def load(source, proc = nil, options = nil)
+    if proc && options.nil? && proc.is_a?(Hash)
+      options = proc
+      proc = nil
+    end
+
     opts = if options.nil?
-      load_default_options
+      if proc && proc.is_a?(Hash)
+        options, proc = proc, nil
+        options
+      else
+        _load_default_options
+      end
     else
-      load_default_options.merge(options)
+      _load_default_options.merge(options)
     end
 
     unless source.is_a?(String)
@@ -756,39 +880,24 @@ module JSON
       end
     end
 
-    if opts[:allow_blank] && (source.nil? || source.empty?)
+    if opts[:allow_blank] && (source.nil? || (String === source && source.empty?))
       source = 'null'
     end
-    result = parse(source, opts)
-    recurse_proc(result, &proc) if proc
-    result
-  end
 
-  # Recursively calls passed _Proc_ if the parsed data structure is an _Array_ or _Hash_
-  def recurse_proc(result, &proc) # :nodoc:
-    case result
-    when Array
-      result.each { |x| recurse_proc x, &proc }
-      proc.call result
-    when Hash
-      result.each { |x, y| recurse_proc x, &proc; recurse_proc y, &proc }
-      proc.call result
-    else
-      proc.call result
+    if proc
+      opts = opts.dup
+      opts[:on_load] = proc.to_proc
     end
-  end
-
-  alias restore load
-  module_function :restore
 
-  class << self
-    # Sets or returns the default options for the JSON.dump method.
-    # Initially:
-    #   opts = JSON.dump_default_options
-    #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true}
-    attr_accessor :dump_default_options
+    parse(source, opts)
   end
-  self.dump_default_options = {
+
+  # Sets or returns the default options for the JSON.dump method.
+  # Initially:
+  #   opts = JSON.dump_default_options
+  #   opts # => {:max_nesting=>false, :allow_nan=>true}
+  deprecated_singleton_attr_accessor :dump_default_options
+  @dump_default_options = {
     :max_nesting => false,
     :allow_nan   => true,
   }
@@ -841,7 +950,7 @@ module JSON
       end
     end
 
-    opts = JSON.dump_default_options
+    opts = JSON._dump_default_options
     opts = opts.merge(:max_nesting => limit) if limit
     opts = opts.merge(kwargs) if kwargs
 
@@ -852,10 +961,67 @@ module JSON
     end
   end
 
-  # Encodes string using String.encode.
-  def self.iconv(to, from, string)
-    string.encode(to, from)
+  # :stopdoc:
+  # All these were meant to be deprecated circa 2009, but were just set as undocumented
+  # so usage still exist in the wild.
+  def unparse(...)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "JSON.unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "JSON.unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1
+    end
+    generate(...)
+  end
+  module_function :unparse
+
+  def fast_unparse(...)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "JSON.fast_unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "JSON.fast_unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.generate", uplevel: 1
+    end
+    generate(...)
+  end
+  module_function :fast_unparse
+
+  def pretty_unparse(...)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "JSON.pretty_unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.pretty_generate", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "JSON.pretty_unparse is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.pretty_generate", uplevel: 1
+    end
+    pretty_generate(...)
+  end
+  module_function :fast_unparse
+
+  def restore(...)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "JSON.restore is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.load", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "JSON.restore is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.load", uplevel: 1
+    end
+    load(...)
   end
+  module_function :restore
+
+  class << self
+    private
+
+    def const_missing(const_name)
+      case const_name
+      when :PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE
+        if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+          warn "JSON::PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.pretty_generate", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+        else
+          warn "JSON::PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0, just use JSON.pretty_generate", uplevel: 1
+        end
+        state.new(PRETTY_GENERATE_OPTIONS)
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # JSON::Coder holds a parser and generator configuration.
   #
@@ -872,10 +1038,11 @@ module JSON
     #   JSON.new(options = nil, &block)
     #
     # Argument +options+, if given, contains a \Hash of options for both parsing and generating.
-    # See {Parsing Options}[#module-JSON-label-Parsing+Options], and {Generating Options}[#module-JSON-label-Generating+Options].
+    # See {Parsing Options}[rdoc-ref:JSON@Parsing+Options],
+    # and {Generating Options}[rdoc-ref:JSON@Generating+Options].
     #
     # For generation, the <tt>strict: true</tt> option is always set. When a Ruby object with no native \JSON counterpart is
-    # encoutered, the block provided to the initialize method is invoked, and must return a Ruby object that has a native
+    # encountered, the block provided to the initialize method is invoked, and must return a Ruby object that has a native
     # \JSON counterpart:
     #
     #  module MyApp
@@ -899,10 +1066,9 @@ module JSON
         options[:strict] = true
       end
       options[:as_json] = as_json if as_json
-      options[:create_additions] = false unless options.key?(:create_additions)
 
       @state = State.new(options).freeze
-      @parser_config = Ext::Parser::Config.new(options)
+      @parser_config = Ext::Parser::Config.new(ParserOptions.prepare(options)).freeze
     end
 
     # call-seq:
@@ -911,7 +1077,7 @@ module JSON
     #
     # Serialize the given object into a \JSON document.
     def dump(object, io = nil)
-      @state.generate_new(object, io)
+      @state.generate(object, io)
     end
     alias_method :generate, :dump
 
@@ -932,6 +1098,30 @@ module JSON
       load(File.read(path, encoding: Encoding::UTF_8))
     end
   end
+
+  module GeneratorMethods
+    # call-seq: to_json(*)
+    #
+    # Converts this object into a JSON string.
+    # If this object doesn't directly maps to a JSON native type,
+    # first convert it to a string (calling #to_s), then converts
+    # it to a JSON string, and returns the result.
+    # This is a fallback, if no special method #to_json was defined for some object.
+    def to_json(state = nil, *)
+      obj = case self
+      when nil, false, true, Integer, Float, Array, Hash
+        self
+      else
+        "#{self}"
+      end
+
+      if state.nil?
+        JSON::State._generate_no_fallback(obj, nil, nil)
+      else
+        JSON::State.from_state(state)._generate_no_fallback(obj)
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 module ::Kernel
@@ -940,8 +1130,14 @@ module ::Kernel
   # Outputs _objs_ to STDOUT as JSON strings in the shortest form, that is in
   # one line.
   def j(*objs)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "Kernel#j is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "Kernel#j is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1
+    end
+
     objs.each do |obj|
-      puts JSON::generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
+      puts JSON.generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
     end
     nil
   end
@@ -949,8 +1145,14 @@ module ::Kernel
   # Outputs _objs_ to STDOUT as JSON strings in a pretty format, with
   # indentation and over many lines.
   def jj(*objs)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0"
+      warn "Kernel#jj is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated
+    else
+      warn "Kernel#jj is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0", uplevel: 1
+    end
+
     objs.each do |obj|
-      puts JSON::pretty_generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
+      puts JSON.pretty_generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
     end
     nil
   end
@@ -961,27 +1163,11 @@ module ::Kernel
   #
   # The _opts_ argument is passed through to generate/parse respectively. See
   # generate and parse for their documentation.
-  def JSON(object, *args)
-    if object.is_a?(String)
-      return JSON.parse(object, args.first)
-    elsif object.respond_to?(:to_str)
-      str = object.to_str
-      if str.is_a?(String)
-        return JSON.parse(object.to_str, args.first)
-      end
-    end
-
-    JSON.generate(object, args.first)
+  def JSON(object, opts = nil)
+    JSON[object, opts]
   end
 end
 
-# Extends any Class to include _json_creatable?_ method.
-class ::Class
-  # Returns true if this class can be used to create an instance
-  # from a serialised JSON string. The class has to implement a class
-  # method _json_create_ that expects a hash as first parameter. The hash
-  # should include the required data.
-  def json_creatable?
-    respond_to?(:json_create)
-  end
+class Object
+  include JSON::GeneratorMethods
 end
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/ext.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/ext.rb
index 1db5ea122c..5bacc5e371 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/ext.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/ext.rb
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ module JSON
 
     if RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
       require 'json/truffle_ruby/generator'
-      JSON.generator = ::JSON::TruffleRuby::Generator
+      JSON.generator = JSON::TruffleRuby::Generator
     else
       require 'json/ext/generator'
       JSON.generator = Generator
     end
   end
 
-  JSON_LOADED = true unless defined?(::JSON::JSON_LOADED)
+  JSON_LOADED = true unless defined?(JSON::JSON_LOADED)
 end
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/ext/generator/state.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/ext/generator/state.rb
index d40c3b5ec3..e4f425af6a 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/ext/generator/state.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/ext/generator/state.rb
@@ -8,20 +8,8 @@ module JSON
         #
         # Instantiates a new State object, configured by _opts_.
         #
-        # _opts_ can have the following keys:
-        #
-        # * *indent*: a string used to indent levels (default: ''),
-        # * *space*: a string that is put after, a : or , delimiter (default: ''),
-        # * *space_before*: a string that is put before a : pair delimiter (default: ''),
-        # * *object_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a JSON object (default: ''),
-        # * *array_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a JSON array (default: ''),
-        # * *allow_nan*: true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be
-        #   generated, otherwise an exception is thrown, if these values are
-        #   encountered. This options defaults to false.
-        # * *ascii_only*: true if only ASCII characters should be generated. This
-        #   option defaults to false.
-        # * *buffer_initial_length*: sets the initial length of the generator's
-        #   internal buffer.
+        # Argument +opts+, if given, contains a \Hash of options for the generation.
+        # See {Generating Options}[rdoc-ref:JSON@Generating+Options].
         def initialize(opts = nil)
           if opts && !opts.empty?
             configure(opts)
@@ -68,6 +56,11 @@ module JSON
             buffer_initial_length: buffer_initial_length,
           }
 
+          allow_duplicate_key = allow_duplicate_key?
+          unless allow_duplicate_key.nil?
+            result[:allow_duplicate_key] = allow_duplicate_key
+          end
+
           instance_variables.each do |iv|
             iv = iv.to_s[1..-1]
             result[iv.to_sym] = self[iv]
@@ -82,6 +75,8 @@ module JSON
         #
         # Returns the value returned by method +name+.
         def [](name)
+          ::JSON.deprecation_warning("JSON::State#[] is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0")
+
           if respond_to?(name)
             __send__(name)
           else
@@ -94,6 +89,8 @@ module JSON
         #
         # Sets the attribute name to value.
         def []=(name, value)
+          ::JSON.deprecation_warning("JSON::State#[]= is deprecated and will be removed in json 3.0.0")
+
           if respond_to?(name_writer = "#{name}=")
             __send__ name_writer, value
           else
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/generic_object.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/generic_object.rb
index ec5aa9dcb2..5c8ace354b 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/generic_object.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/generic_object.rb
@@ -52,14 +52,6 @@ module JSON
       table
     end
 
-    def [](name)
-      __send__(name)
-    end unless method_defined?(:[])
-
-    def []=(name, value)
-      __send__("#{name}=", value)
-    end unless method_defined?(:[]=)
-
     def |(other)
       self.class[other.to_hash.merge(to_hash)]
     end
diff --git a/ext/json/lib/json/version.rb b/ext/json/lib/json/version.rb
index 65bcb976fa..a69590ff9c 100644
--- a/ext/json/lib/json/version.rb
+++ b/ext/json/lib/json/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module JSON
-  VERSION = '2.10.1'
+  VERSION = '2.19.7'
 end
diff --git a/ext/json/parser/depend b/ext/json/parser/depend
index 0c1becfb60..d4737b1dfb 100644
--- a/ext/json/parser/depend
+++ b/ext/json/parser/depend
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -174,5 +175,8 @@ parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 parser.o: $(srcdir)/../fbuffer/fbuffer.h
+parser.o: $(srcdir)/../json.h
+parser.o: $(srcdir)/../simd/simd.h
+parser.o: $(srcdir)/../vendor/ryu.h
 parser.o: parser.c
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/json/parser/extconf.rb b/ext/json/parser/extconf.rb
index a8e21aed4b..f12fc2dddc 100644
--- a/ext/json/parser/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/json/parser/extconf.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'mkmf'
 
-have_func("rb_enc_interned_str", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.0
+$defs << "-DJSON_DEBUG" if ENV.fetch("JSON_DEBUG", "0") != "0"
+have_func("rb_enc_interned_str", "ruby/encoding.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.0
+have_func("rb_str_to_interned_str", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.0
 have_func("rb_hash_new_capa", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.2
 have_func("rb_hash_bulk_insert", "ruby.h") # Missing on TruffleRuby
-have_func("rb_category_warn", "ruby.h") # Missing on TruffleRuby
-have_func("strnlen", "string.h") # Missing on Solaris 10
+
+if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
+  have_const("RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.3
+end
 
 append_cflags("-std=c99")
 
+if enable_config('parser-use-simd', default=!ENV["JSON_DISABLE_SIMD"])
+  load __dir__ + "/../simd/conf.rb"
+end
+
 create_makefile 'json/ext/parser'
diff --git a/ext/json/parser/parser.c b/ext/json/parser/parser.c
index 776eb916f0..503bed1fd4 100644
--- a/ext/json/parser/parser.c
+++ b/ext/json/parser/parser.c
@@ -1,61 +1,22 @@
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
-
-/* shims */
-/* This is the fallback definition from Ruby 3.4 */
-
-#ifndef RBIMPL_STDBOOL_H
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-# if defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
-#  include <cstdbool>
-# endif
-#elif defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H)
-# include <stdbool.h>
-#elif !defined(HAVE__BOOL)
-typedef unsigned char _Bool;
-# define bool  _Bool
-# define true  ((_Bool)+1)
-# define false ((_Bool)+0)
-# define __bool_true_false_are_defined
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RB_UNLIKELY
-#define RB_UNLIKELY(expr) expr
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RB_LIKELY
-#define RB_LIKELY(expr) expr
-#endif
+#include "../json.h"
+#include "../vendor/ryu.h"
+#include "../simd/simd.h"
 
 static VALUE mJSON, eNestingError, Encoding_UTF_8;
 static VALUE CNaN, CInfinity, CMinusInfinity;
 
-static ID i_json_creatable_p, i_json_create, i_create_id,
-          i_chr, i_deep_const_get, i_match, i_aset, i_aref,
-          i_leftshift, i_new, i_try_convert, i_uminus, i_encode;
+static ID i_new, i_try_convert, i_uminus, i_encode;
 
-static VALUE sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan, sym_allow_trailing_comma, sym_symbolize_names, sym_freeze,
-             sym_create_additions, sym_create_id, sym_object_class, sym_array_class,
-             sym_decimal_class, sym_match_string;
+static VALUE sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan, sym_allow_trailing_comma, sym_allow_control_characters,
+             sym_allow_invalid_escape, sym_symbolize_names, sym_freeze, sym_decimal_class, sym_on_load,
+             sym_allow_duplicate_key;
 
 static int binary_encindex;
 static int utf8_encindex;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_CATEGORY_WARN
-# define json_deprecated(message) rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED, message)
-#else
-# define json_deprecated(message) rb_warn(message)
-#endif
-
-static const char deprecated_create_additions_warning[] =
-    "JSON.load implicit support for `create_additions: true` is deprecated "
-    "and will be removed in 3.0, use JSON.unsafe_load or explicitly "
-    "pass `create_additions: true`";
-
 #ifndef HAVE_RB_HASH_BULK_INSERT
 // For TruffleRuby
-void
+static void
 rb_hash_bulk_insert(long count, const VALUE *pairs, VALUE hash)
 {
     long index = 0;
@@ -72,6 +33,12 @@ rb_hash_bulk_insert(long count, const VALUE *pairs, VALUE hash)
 #define rb_hash_new_capa(n) rb_hash_new()
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_RB_STR_TO_INTERNED_STR
+static VALUE rb_str_to_interned_str(VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_freeze(str), i_uminus, 0);
+}
+#endif
 
 /* name cache */
 
@@ -117,116 +84,104 @@ static void rvalue_cache_insert_at(rvalue_cache *cache, int index, VALUE rstring
     cache->entries[index] = rstring;
 }
 
-static inline int rstring_cache_cmp(const char *str, const long length, VALUE rstring)
+#define rstring_cache_memcmp memcmp
+
+#if JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
+#undef rstring_cache_memcmp
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) int rstring_cache_memcmp(const char *str, const char *rptr, const long length)
 {
-    long rstring_length = RSTRING_LEN(rstring);
-    if (length == rstring_length) {
-        return memcmp(str, RSTRING_PTR(rstring), length);
-    } else {
-        return (int)(length - rstring_length);
+    // The libc memcmp has numerous complex optimizations, but in this particular case,
+    // we know the string is small (JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRY_LENGTH), so being able to
+    // inline a simpler memcmp outperforms calling the libc version.
+    long i = 0;
+
+    for (; i + 8 <= length; i += 8) {
+        uint64_t a, b;
+        memcpy(&a, str + i, 8);
+        memcpy(&b, rptr + i, 8);
+        if (a != b) {
+            a = __builtin_bswap64(a);
+            b = __builtin_bswap64(b);
+            return (a < b) ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (; i < length; i++) {
+        if (str[i] != rptr[i]) {
+            return (str[i] < rptr[i]) ? -1 : 1;
+        }
     }
+
+    return 0;
 }
+#endif
+#endif
 
-static VALUE rstring_cache_fetch(rvalue_cache *cache, const char *str, const long length)
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) int rstring_cache_cmp(const char *str, const long length, VALUE rstring)
 {
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(length > JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRY_LENGTH)) {
-        // Common names aren't likely to be very long. So we just don't
-        // cache names above an arbitrary threshold.
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
+    const char *rstring_ptr;
+    long rstring_length;
+
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(rstring, rstring_ptr, rstring_length);
 
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!isalpha((unsigned char)str[0]))) {
-        // Simple heuristic, if the first character isn't a letter,
-        // we're much less likely to see this string again.
-        // We mostly want to cache strings that are likely to be repeated.
-        return Qfalse;
+    if (length == rstring_length) {
+        return rstring_cache_memcmp(str, rstring_ptr, length);
+    } else {
+        return (int)(length - rstring_length);
     }
+}
 
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) VALUE rstring_cache_fetch(rvalue_cache *cache, const char *str, const long length)
+{
     int low = 0;
     int high = cache->length - 1;
-    int mid = 0;
-    int last_cmp = 0;
 
     while (low <= high) {
-        mid = (high + low) >> 1;
+        int mid = (high + low) >> 1;
         VALUE entry = cache->entries[mid];
-        last_cmp = rstring_cache_cmp(str, length, entry);
+        int cmp = rstring_cache_cmp(str, length, entry);
 
-        if (last_cmp == 0) {
+        if (cmp == 0) {
             return entry;
-        } else if (last_cmp > 0) {
+        } else if (cmp > 0) {
             low = mid + 1;
         } else {
             high = mid - 1;
         }
     }
 
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(memchr(str, '\\', length))) {
-        // We assume the overwhelming majority of names don't need to be escaped.
-        // But if they do, we have to fallback to the slow path.
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
     VALUE rstring = build_interned_string(str, length);
 
     if (cache->length < JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_CAPA) {
-        if (last_cmp > 0) {
-            mid += 1;
-        }
-
-        rvalue_cache_insert_at(cache, mid, rstring);
+        rvalue_cache_insert_at(cache, low, rstring);
     }
     return rstring;
 }
 
 static VALUE rsymbol_cache_fetch(rvalue_cache *cache, const char *str, const long length)
 {
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(length > JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRY_LENGTH)) {
-        // Common names aren't likely to be very long. So we just don't
-        // cache names above an arbitrary threshold.
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!isalpha((unsigned char)str[0]))) {
-        // Simple heuristic, if the first character isn't a letter,
-        // we're much less likely to see this string again.
-        // We mostly want to cache strings that are likely to be repeated.
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
     int low = 0;
     int high = cache->length - 1;
-    int mid = 0;
-    int last_cmp = 0;
 
     while (low <= high) {
-        mid = (high + low) >> 1;
+        int mid = (high + low) >> 1;
         VALUE entry = cache->entries[mid];
-        last_cmp = rstring_cache_cmp(str, length, rb_sym2str(entry));
+        int cmp = rstring_cache_cmp(str, length, rb_sym2str(entry));
 
-        if (last_cmp == 0) {
+        if (cmp == 0) {
             return entry;
-        } else if (last_cmp > 0) {
+        } else if (cmp > 0) {
             low = mid + 1;
         } else {
             high = mid - 1;
         }
     }
 
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(memchr(str, '\\', length))) {
-        // We assume the overwhelming majority of names don't need to be escaped.
-        // But if they do, we have to fallback to the slow path.
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-
     VALUE rsymbol = build_symbol(str, length);
 
     if (cache->length < JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_CAPA) {
-        if (last_cmp > 0) {
-            mid += 1;
-        }
-
-        rvalue_cache_insert_at(cache, mid, rsymbol);
+        rvalue_cache_insert_at(cache, low, rsymbol);
     }
     return rsymbol;
 }
@@ -286,17 +241,27 @@ static void rvalue_stack_mark(void *ptr)
 {
     rvalue_stack *stack = (rvalue_stack *)ptr;
     long index;
-    for (index = 0; index < stack->head; index++) {
-        rb_gc_mark(stack->ptr[index]);
+    if (stack && stack->ptr) {
+        for (index = 0; index < stack->head; index++) {
+            rb_gc_mark(stack->ptr[index]);
+        }
     }
 }
 
+static void rvalue_stack_free_buffer(rvalue_stack *stack)
+{
+    ruby_xfree(stack->ptr);
+    stack->ptr = NULL;
+}
+
 static void rvalue_stack_free(void *ptr)
 {
     rvalue_stack *stack = (rvalue_stack *)ptr;
     if (stack) {
-        ruby_xfree(stack->ptr);
+        rvalue_stack_free_buffer(stack);
+#ifndef HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
         ruby_xfree(stack);
+#endif
     }
 }
 
@@ -307,14 +272,13 @@ static size_t rvalue_stack_memsize(const void *ptr)
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t JSON_Parser_rvalue_stack_type = {
-    "JSON::Ext::Parser/rvalue_stack",
-    {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "JSON::Ext::Parser/rvalue_stack",
+    .function = {
         .dmark = rvalue_stack_mark,
         .dfree = rvalue_stack_free,
         .dsize = rvalue_stack_memsize,
     },
-    0, 0,
-    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
 };
 
 static rvalue_stack *rvalue_stack_spill(rvalue_stack *old_stack, VALUE *handle, rvalue_stack **stack_ref)
@@ -336,51 +300,15 @@ static void rvalue_stack_eagerly_release(VALUE handle)
     if (handle) {
         rvalue_stack *stack;
         TypedData_Get_Struct(handle, rvalue_stack, &JSON_Parser_rvalue_stack_type, stack);
-        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(handle) = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+        rvalue_stack_free_buffer(stack);
+#else
         rvalue_stack_free(stack);
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(handle) = NULL;
+#endif
     }
 }
 
-/* unicode */
-
-static const signed char digit_values[256] = {
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
-};
-
-static uint32_t unescape_unicode(const unsigned char *p)
-{
-    const uint32_t replacement_char = 0xFFFD;
-
-    signed char b;
-    uint32_t result = 0;
-    b = digit_values[p[0]];
-    if (b < 0) return replacement_char;
-    result = (result << 4) | (unsigned char)b;
-    b = digit_values[p[1]];
-    if (b < 0) return replacement_char;
-    result = (result << 4) | (unsigned char)b;
-    b = digit_values[p[2]];
-    if (b < 0) return replacement_char;
-    result = (result << 4) | (unsigned char)b;
-    b = digit_values[p[3]];
-    if (b < 0) return replacement_char;
-    result = (result << 4) | (unsigned char)b;
-    return result;
-}
-
 static int convert_UTF32_to_UTF8(char *buf, uint32_t ch)
 {
     int len = 1;
@@ -407,132 +335,276 @@ static int convert_UTF32_to_UTF8(char *buf, uint32_t ch)
     return len;
 }
 
+enum duplicate_key_action {
+    JSON_DEPRECATED = 0,
+    JSON_IGNORE,
+    JSON_RAISE,
+};
+
 typedef struct JSON_ParserStruct {
-    VALUE create_id;
-    VALUE object_class;
-    VALUE array_class;
+    VALUE on_load_proc;
     VALUE decimal_class;
     ID decimal_method_id;
-    VALUE match_string;
+    enum duplicate_key_action on_duplicate_key;
     int max_nesting;
     bool allow_nan;
     bool allow_trailing_comma;
-    bool parsing_name;
+    bool allow_control_characters;
+    bool allow_invalid_escape;
     bool symbolize_names;
     bool freeze;
-    bool create_additions;
-    bool deprecated_create_additions;
 } JSON_ParserConfig;
 
 typedef struct JSON_ParserStateStruct {
-    VALUE stack_handle;
+    VALUE *stack_handle;
+    const char *start;
     const char *cursor;
     const char *end;
     rvalue_stack *stack;
     rvalue_cache name_cache;
     int in_array;
     int current_nesting;
+    unsigned int emitted_deprecations;
 } JSON_ParserState;
 
-#define GET_PARSER_CONFIG                          \
-    JSON_ParserConfig *config;                      \
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, JSON_ParserConfig, &JSON_ParserConfig_type, config)
+static inline size_t rest(JSON_ParserState *state) {
+    return state->end - state->cursor;
+}
 
-static const rb_data_type_t JSON_ParserConfig_type;
+static inline bool eos(JSON_ParserState *state) {
+    return state->cursor >= state->end;
+}
 
-#ifndef HAVE_STRNLEN
-static size_t strnlen(const char *s, size_t maxlen)
+static inline char peek(JSON_ParserState *state)
 {
-    char *p;
-    return ((p = memchr(s, '\0', maxlen)) ? p - s : maxlen);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(eos(state))) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return *state->cursor;
 }
-#endif
 
-#define PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN 32
-#ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
-#endif
-static void raise_parse_error(const char *format, const char *start)
+static void cursor_position(JSON_ParserState *state, long *line_out, long *column_out)
 {
-    unsigned char buffer[PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN + 1];
+    JSON_ASSERT(state->cursor <= state->end);
 
-    size_t len = start ? strnlen(start, PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN) : 0;
-    const char *ptr = start;
+    // Redundant but helpful for hardening
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->cursor > state->end)) {
+        state->cursor = state->end;
+    }
 
-    if (len == PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN) {
-        MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN);
+    const char *cursor = state->cursor;
+    long column = 0;
+    long line = 1;
 
-        while (buffer[len - 1] >= 0x80 && buffer[len - 1] < 0xC0) { // Is continuation byte
-            len--;
+    while (cursor >= state->start) {
+        if (*cursor-- == '\n') {
+            break;
         }
+        column++;
+    }
 
-        if (buffer[len - 1] >= 0xC0) { // multibyte character start
-            len--;
+    while (cursor >= state->start) {
+        if (*cursor-- == '\n') {
+            line++;
         }
+    }
+    *line_out = line;
+    *column_out = column;
+}
 
-        buffer[len] = '\0';
-        ptr = (const char *)buffer;
+static void emit_parse_warning(const char *message, JSON_ParserState *state)
+{
+    long line, column;
+    cursor_position(state, &line, &column);
+
+    VALUE warning = rb_sprintf("%s at line %ld column %ld", message, line, column);
+    rb_funcall(mJSON, rb_intern("deprecation_warning"), 1, warning);
+}
+
+#define PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN 32
+
+static VALUE build_parse_error_message(const char *format, JSON_ParserState *state, long line, long column)
+{
+    unsigned char buffer[PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN + 3];
+
+    const char *ptr = "EOF";
+    if (state->cursor && state->cursor < state->end) {
+        ptr = state->cursor;
+        size_t len = 0;
+        while (len < PARSE_ERROR_FRAGMENT_LEN) {
+            char ch = ptr[len];
+            if (!ch || ch == '\n' || ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\r') {
+                break;
+            }
+            len++;
+        }
+
+        if (len) {
+            buffer[0] = '\'';
+            MEMCPY(buffer + 1, ptr, char, len);
+
+            while (buffer[len] >= 0x80 && buffer[len] < 0xC0) { // Is continuation byte
+                len--;
+            }
+
+            if (buffer[len] >= 0xC0) { // multibyte character start
+                len--;
+            }
+
+            buffer[len + 1] = '\'';
+            buffer[len + 2] = '\0';
+            ptr = (const char *)buffer;
+        }
     }
 
-    rb_enc_raise(enc_utf8, rb_path2class("JSON::ParserError"), format, ptr);
+    VALUE message = rb_enc_sprintf(enc_utf8, format, ptr);
+    rb_str_catf(message, " at line %ld column %ld", line, column);
+    return message;
+}
+
+static VALUE parse_error_new(VALUE message, long line, long column)
+{
+    VALUE exc = rb_exc_new_str(rb_path2class("JSON::ParserError"), message);
+    rb_ivar_set(exc, rb_intern("@line"), LONG2NUM(line));
+    rb_ivar_set(exc, rb_intern("@column"), LONG2NUM(column));
+    return exc;
+}
+
+NORETURN(static) void raise_parse_error(const char *format, JSON_ParserState *state)
+{
+    long line, column;
+    cursor_position(state, &line, &column);
+    VALUE message = build_parse_error_message(format, state, line, column);
+    rb_exc_raise(parse_error_new(message, line, column));
 }
 
-static const bool whitespace[256] = {
-    [' '] = 1,
-    ['\t'] = 1,
-    ['\n'] = 1,
-    ['\r'] = 1,
-    ['/'] = 1,
+NORETURN(static) void raise_parse_error_at(const char *format, JSON_ParserState *state, const char *at)
+{
+    state->cursor = at;
+    raise_parse_error(format, state);
+}
+
+/* unicode */
+
+static const signed char digit_values[256] = {
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
 };
 
+static uint32_t unescape_unicode(JSON_ParserState *state, const char *sp, const char *spe)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(sp > spe - 4)) {
+        raise_parse_error_at("incomplete unicode character escape sequence at %s", state, sp - 2);
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)sp;
+
+    const signed char b0 = digit_values[p[0]];
+    const signed char b1 = digit_values[p[1]];
+    const signed char b2 = digit_values[p[2]];
+    const signed char b3 = digit_values[p[3]];
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY((signed char)(b0 | b1 | b2 | b3) < 0)) {
+        raise_parse_error_at("incomplete unicode character escape sequence at %s", state, sp - 2);
+    }
+
+    return ((uint32_t)b0 << 12) | ((uint32_t)b1 << 8) | ((uint32_t)b2 << 4) | (uint32_t)b3;
+}
+
+#define GET_PARSER_CONFIG                          \
+    JSON_ParserConfig *config;                      \
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, JSON_ParserConfig, &JSON_ParserConfig_type, config)
+
+static const rb_data_type_t JSON_ParserConfig_type;
+
 static void
 json_eat_comments(JSON_ParserState *state)
 {
-    if (state->cursor + 1 < state->end) {
-        switch(state->cursor[1]) {
-            case '/': {
-                state->cursor = memchr(state->cursor, '\n', state->end - state->cursor);
-                if (!state->cursor) {
-                    state->cursor = state->end;
-                } else {
-                    state->cursor++;
-                }
-                break;
+    const char *start = state->cursor;
+    state->cursor++;
+
+    switch (peek(state)) {
+        case '/': {
+            state->cursor = memchr(state->cursor, '\n', state->end - state->cursor);
+            if (!state->cursor) {
+                state->cursor = state->end;
+            } else {
+                state->cursor++;
             }
-            case '*': {
-                state->cursor += 2;
-                while (true) {
-                    state->cursor = memchr(state->cursor, '*', state->end - state->cursor);
-                    if (!state->cursor) {
-                        state->cursor = state->end;
-                        raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input, expected closing '*/'", state->cursor);
-                    } else {
-                        state->cursor++;
-                        if (state->cursor < state->end && *state->cursor == '/') {
-                            state->cursor++;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
+            break;
+        }
+        case '*': {
+            state->cursor++;
+
+            while (true) {
+                const char *next_match = memchr(state->cursor, '*', state->end - state->cursor);
+                if (!next_match) {
+                    raise_parse_error_at("unterminated comment, expected closing '*/'", state, start);
+                }
+
+                state->cursor = next_match + 1;
+                if (peek(state) == '/') {
+                    state->cursor++;
+                    break;
                 }
-                break;
             }
-            default:
-                raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
-                break;
+            break;
         }
-    } else {
-        raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+        default:
+            raise_parse_error_at("unexpected token %s", state, start);
+            break;
     }
 }
 
-static inline void
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) void
 json_eat_whitespace(JSON_ParserState *state)
 {
-    while (state->cursor < state->end && RB_UNLIKELY(whitespace[(unsigned char)*state->cursor])) {
-        if (RB_LIKELY(*state->cursor != '/')) {
-            state->cursor++;
-        } else {
-            json_eat_comments(state);
+    while (true) {
+        switch (peek(state)) {
+            case ' ':
+                state->cursor++;
+                break;
+            case '\n':
+                state->cursor++;
+
+                // Heuristic: if we see a newline, there is likely consecutive spaces after it.
+#if JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS
+                while (rest(state) > 8) {
+                    uint64_t chunk;
+                    memcpy(&chunk, state->cursor, sizeof(uint64_t));
+                    if (chunk == 0x2020202020202020) {
+                        state->cursor += 8;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    uint32_t consecutive_spaces = trailing_zeros64(chunk ^ 0x2020202020202020) / CHAR_BIT;
+                    state->cursor += consecutive_spaces;
+                    break;
+                }
+#endif
+                break;
+            case '\t':
+            case '\r':
+                state->cursor++;
+                break;
+            case '/':
+                json_eat_comments(state);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                return;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -563,11 +635,22 @@ static inline VALUE build_string(const char *start, const char *end, bool intern
     return result;
 }
 
-static inline VALUE json_string_fastpath(JSON_ParserState *state, const char *string, const char *stringEnd, bool is_name, bool intern, bool symbolize)
+static inline bool json_string_cacheable_p(const char *string, size_t length)
+{
+    //  We mostly want to cache strings that are likely to be repeated.
+    // Simple heuristics:
+    //  - Common names aren't likely to be very long. So we just don't cache names above an arbitrary threshold.
+    //  - If the first character isn't a letter, we're much less likely to see this string again.
+    return length <= JSON_RVALUE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRY_LENGTH && rb_isalpha(string[0]);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_string_fastpath(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, const char *string, const char *stringEnd, bool is_name)
 {
+    bool intern = is_name || config->freeze;
+    bool symbolize = is_name && config->symbolize_names;
     size_t bufferSize = stringEnd - string;
 
-    if (is_name && state->in_array) {
+    if (is_name && state->in_array && RB_LIKELY(json_string_cacheable_p(string, bufferSize))) {
         VALUE cached_key;
         if (RB_UNLIKELY(symbolize)) {
             cached_key = rsymbol_cache_fetch(&state->name_cache, string, bufferSize);
@@ -583,104 +666,129 @@ static inline VALUE json_string_fastpath(JSON_ParserState *state, const char *st
     return build_string(string, stringEnd, intern, symbolize);
 }
 
-static VALUE json_string_unescape(JSON_ParserState *state, const char *string, const char *stringEnd, bool is_name, bool intern, bool symbolize)
-{
-    size_t bufferSize = stringEnd - string;
-    const char *p = string, *pe = string, *unescape, *bufferStart;
-    char *buffer;
-    int unescape_len;
-    char buf[4];
+#define JSON_MAX_UNESCAPE_POSITIONS 16
+typedef struct _json_unescape_positions {
+    long size;
+    const char **positions;
+    unsigned long additional_backslashes;
+} JSON_UnescapePositions;
 
-    if (is_name && state->in_array) {
-        VALUE cached_key;
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(symbolize)) {
-            cached_key = rsymbol_cache_fetch(&state->name_cache, string, bufferSize);
-        } else {
-            cached_key = rstring_cache_fetch(&state->name_cache, string, bufferSize);
+static inline const char *json_next_backslash(const char *pe, const char *stringEnd, JSON_UnescapePositions *positions)
+{
+    while (positions->size) {
+        positions->size--;
+        const char *next_position = positions->positions[0];
+        positions->positions++;
+        if (next_position >= pe) {
+            return next_position;
         }
+    }
 
-        if (RB_LIKELY(cached_key)) {
-            return cached_key;
-        }
+    if (positions->additional_backslashes) {
+        positions->additional_backslashes--;
+        return memchr(pe, '\\', stringEnd - pe);
     }
 
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+NOINLINE(static) VALUE json_string_unescape(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, const char *string, const char *stringEnd, bool is_name, JSON_UnescapePositions *positions)
+{
+    bool intern = is_name || config->freeze;
+    bool symbolize = is_name && config->symbolize_names;
+    size_t bufferSize = stringEnd - string;
+    const char *p = string, *pe = string, *bufferStart;
+    char *buffer;
+
     VALUE result = rb_str_buf_new(bufferSize);
     rb_enc_associate_index(result, utf8_encindex);
     buffer = RSTRING_PTR(result);
     bufferStart = buffer;
 
-    while ((pe = memchr(pe, '\\', stringEnd - pe))) {
-        unescape = (char *) "?";
-        unescape_len = 1;
+#define APPEND_CHAR(chr) *buffer++ = chr; p = ++pe;
+
+    while (pe < stringEnd && (pe = json_next_backslash(pe, stringEnd, positions))) {
         if (pe > p) {
           MEMCPY(buffer, p, char, pe - p);
           buffer += pe - p;
         }
         switch (*++pe) {
+            case '"':
+            case '/':
+                p = pe; // nothing to unescape just need to skip the backslash
+                break;
+            case '\\':
+                APPEND_CHAR('\\');
+                break;
             case 'n':
-                unescape = (char *) "\n";
+                APPEND_CHAR('\n');
                 break;
             case 'r':
-                unescape = (char *) "\r";
+                APPEND_CHAR('\r');
                 break;
             case 't':
-                unescape = (char *) "\t";
-                break;
-            case '"':
-                unescape = (char *) "\"";
-                break;
-            case '\\':
-                unescape = (char *) "\\";
+                APPEND_CHAR('\t');
                 break;
             case 'b':
-                unescape = (char *) "\b";
+                APPEND_CHAR('\b');
                 break;
             case 'f':
-                unescape = (char *) "\f";
+                APPEND_CHAR('\f');
                 break;
-            case 'u':
-                if (pe > stringEnd - 5) {
-                  raise_parse_error("incomplete unicode character escape sequence at '%s'", p);
-                } else {
-                    uint32_t ch = unescape_unicode((unsigned char *) ++pe);
-                    pe += 3;
-                    /* To handle values above U+FFFF, we take a sequence of
-                     * \uXXXX escapes in the U+D800..U+DBFF then
-                     * U+DC00..U+DFFF ranges, take the low 10 bits from each
-                     * to make a 20-bit number, then add 0x10000 to get the
-                     * final codepoint.
-                     *
-                     * See Unicode 15: 3.8 "Surrogates", 5.3 "Handling
-                     * Surrogate Pairs in UTF-16", and 23.6 "Surrogates
-                     * Area".
-                     */
-                    if ((ch & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) {
-                        pe++;
-                        if (pe > stringEnd - 6) {
-                          raise_parse_error("incomplete surrogate pair at '%s'", p);
-                        }
-                        if (pe[0] == '\\' && pe[1] == 'u') {
-                            uint32_t sur = unescape_unicode((unsigned char *) pe + 2);
-                            ch = (((ch & 0x3F) << 10) | ((((ch >> 6) & 0xF) + 1) << 16)
-                                    | (sur & 0x3FF));
-                            pe += 5;
-                        } else {
-                            unescape = (char *) "?";
-                            break;
+            case 'u': {
+                uint32_t ch = unescape_unicode(state, ++pe, stringEnd);
+                pe += 3;
+                /* To handle values above U+FFFF, we take a sequence of
+                 * \uXXXX escapes in the U+D800..U+DBFF then
+                 * U+DC00..U+DFFF ranges, take the low 10 bits from each
+                 * to make a 20-bit number, then add 0x10000 to get the
+                 * final codepoint.
+                 *
+                 * See Unicode 15: 3.8 "Surrogates", 5.3 "Handling
+                 * Surrogate Pairs in UTF-16", and 23.6 "Surrogates
+                 * Area".
+                 */
+                if ((ch & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) {
+                    pe++;
+                    if (RB_LIKELY((pe <= stringEnd - 6) && memcmp(pe, "\\u", 2) == 0)) {
+                        uint32_t sur = unescape_unicode(state, pe + 2, stringEnd);
+
+                        if (RB_UNLIKELY((sur & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)) {
+                            raise_parse_error_at("invalid surrogate pair at %s", state, p);
                         }
+
+                        ch = (((ch & 0x3F) << 10) | ((((ch >> 6) & 0xF) + 1) << 16) | (sur & 0x3FF));
+                        pe += 5;
+                    } else {
+                        raise_parse_error_at("incomplete surrogate pair at %s", state, p);
+                        break;
                     }
-                    unescape_len = convert_UTF32_to_UTF8(buf, ch);
-                    unescape = buf;
                 }
+
+                int unescape_len = convert_UTF32_to_UTF8(buffer, ch);
+                buffer += unescape_len;
+                p = ++pe;
                 break;
+            }
             default:
-                p = pe;
-                continue;
+                if ((unsigned char)*pe < 0x20) {
+                    if (!config->allow_control_characters) {
+                        if (*pe == '\n') {
+                            raise_parse_error_at("Invalid unescaped newline character (\\n) in string: %s", state, pe - 1);
+                        }
+                        raise_parse_error_at("invalid ASCII control character in string: %s", state, pe - 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (config->allow_invalid_escape) {
+                    APPEND_CHAR(*pe);
+                } else {
+                    raise_parse_error_at("invalid escape character in string: %s", state, pe - 1);
+                }
+                break;
         }
-        MEMCPY(buffer, unescape, char, unescape_len);
-        buffer += unescape_len;
-        p = ++pe;
     }
+#undef APPEND_CHAR
 
     if (stringEnd > p) {
       MEMCPY(buffer, p, char, stringEnd - p);
@@ -691,97 +799,98 @@ static VALUE json_string_unescape(JSON_ParserState *state, const char *string, c
     if (symbolize) {
         result = rb_str_intern(result);
     } else if (intern) {
-        result = rb_funcall(rb_str_freeze(result), i_uminus, 0);
+        result = rb_str_to_interned_str(result);
     }
 
     return result;
 }
 
 #define MAX_FAST_INTEGER_SIZE 18
-static inline VALUE fast_decode_integer(const char *p, const char *pe)
-{
-    bool negative = false;
-    if (*p == '-') {
-        negative = true;
-        p++;
-    }
+#define MAX_NUMBER_STACK_BUFFER 128
 
-    long long memo = 0;
-    while (p < pe) {
-        memo *= 10;
-        memo += *p - '0';
-        p++;
-    }
+typedef VALUE (*json_number_decode_func_t)(const char *ptr);
 
-    if (negative) {
-        memo = -memo;
+static inline VALUE json_decode_large_number(const char *start, long len, json_number_decode_func_t func)
+{
+    if (RB_LIKELY(len < MAX_NUMBER_STACK_BUFFER)) {
+        char buffer[MAX_NUMBER_STACK_BUFFER];
+        MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, len);
+        buffer[len] = '\0';
+        return func(buffer);
+    } else {
+        VALUE buffer_v = rb_str_tmp_new(len);
+        char *buffer = RSTRING_PTR(buffer_v);
+        MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, len);
+        buffer[len] = '\0';
+        VALUE number = func(buffer);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(buffer_v);
+        return number;
     }
-    return LL2NUM(memo);
 }
 
-static VALUE json_decode_large_integer(const char *start, long len)
+static VALUE json_decode_inum(const char *buffer)
 {
-    VALUE buffer_v;
-    char *buffer = RB_ALLOCV_N(char, buffer_v, len + 1);
-    MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, len);
-    buffer[len] = '\0';
-    VALUE number = rb_cstr2inum(buffer, 10);
-    RB_ALLOCV_END(buffer_v);
-    return number;
+    return rb_cstr2inum(buffer, 10);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-json_decode_integer(const char *start, const char *end)
+NOINLINE(static) VALUE json_decode_large_integer(const char *start, long len)
 {
-        long len = end - start;
-        if (RB_LIKELY(len < MAX_FAST_INTEGER_SIZE)) {
-            return fast_decode_integer(start, end);
+    return json_decode_large_number(start, len, json_decode_inum);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_decode_integer(uint64_t mantissa, int mantissa_digits, bool negative, const char *start, const char *end)
+{
+    if (RB_LIKELY(mantissa_digits < MAX_FAST_INTEGER_SIZE)) {
+        if (negative) {
+            return INT64T2NUM(-((int64_t)mantissa));
         }
-        return json_decode_large_integer(start, len);
+        return UINT64T2NUM(mantissa);
+    }
+
+    return json_decode_large_integer(start, end - start);
 }
 
-static VALUE json_decode_large_float(const char *start, long len)
+static VALUE json_decode_dnum(const char *buffer)
 {
-    VALUE buffer_v;
-    char *buffer = RB_ALLOCV_N(char, buffer_v, len + 1);
-    MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, len);
-    buffer[len] = '\0';
-    VALUE number = DBL2NUM(rb_cstr_to_dbl(buffer, 1));
-    RB_ALLOCV_END(buffer_v);
-    return number;
+    return DBL2NUM(rb_cstr_to_dbl(buffer, 1));
 }
 
-static VALUE json_decode_float(JSON_ParserConfig *config, const char *start, const char *end)
+NOINLINE(static) VALUE json_decode_large_float(const char *start, long len)
 {
-    long len = end - start;
+    return json_decode_large_number(start, len, json_decode_dnum);
+}
 
+/* Ruby JSON optimized float decoder using vendored Ryu algorithm
+ * Accepts pre-extracted mantissa and exponent from first-pass validation
+ */
+static inline VALUE json_decode_float(JSON_ParserConfig *config, uint64_t mantissa, int mantissa_digits, int64_t exponent, bool negative,
+                                          const char *start, const char *end)
+{
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->decimal_class)) {
-        VALUE text = rb_str_new(start, len);
+        VALUE text = rb_str_new(start, end - start);
         return rb_funcallv(config->decimal_class, config->decimal_method_id, 1, &text);
-    } else if (RB_LIKELY(len < 64)) {
-        char buffer[64];
-        MEMCPY(buffer, start, char, len);
-        buffer[len] = '\0';
-        return DBL2NUM(rb_cstr_to_dbl(buffer, 1));
-    } else {
-        return json_decode_large_float(start, len);
     }
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(exponent > INT32_MAX)) {
+        return negative ? CMinusInfinity : CInfinity;
+    }
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(exponent < INT32_MIN)) {
+        return rb_float_new(negative ? -0.0 : 0.0);
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to rb_cstr_to_dbl for potential subnormals (rare edge case)
+    // Ryu has rounding issues with subnormals around 1e-310 (< 2.225e-308)
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(mantissa_digits > 17 || mantissa_digits + exponent < -307)) {
+        return json_decode_large_float(start, end - start);
+    }
+
+    return DBL2NUM(ryu_s2d_from_parts(mantissa, mantissa_digits, (int32_t)exponent, negative));
 }
 
 static inline VALUE json_decode_array(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, long count)
 {
-    VALUE array;
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->array_class)) {
-        array = rb_class_new_instance(0, 0, config->array_class);
-        VALUE *items = rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count);
-        long index;
-        for (index = 0; index < count; index++) {
-            rb_funcall(array, i_leftshift, 1, items[index]);
-        }
-    } else {
-        array = rb_ary_new_from_values(count, rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count));
-    }
-
+    VALUE array = rb_ary_new_from_values(count, rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count));
     rvalue_stack_pop(state->stack, count);
 
     if (config->freeze) {
@@ -791,43 +900,74 @@ static inline VALUE json_decode_array(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig
     return array;
 }
 
-static inline VALUE json_decode_object(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, long count)
+static VALUE json_find_duplicated_key(size_t count, const VALUE *pairs)
 {
-    VALUE object;
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->object_class)) {
-        object = rb_class_new_instance(0, 0, config->object_class);
-        long index = 0;
-        VALUE *items = rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count);
-        while (index < count) {
-            VALUE name = items[index++];
-            VALUE value = items[index++];
-            rb_funcall(object, i_aset, 2, name, value);
+    VALUE set = rb_hash_new_capa(count / 2);
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < count; index += 2) {
+        size_t before = RHASH_SIZE(set);
+        VALUE key = pairs[index];
+        rb_hash_aset(set, key, Qtrue);
+        if (RHASH_SIZE(set) == before) {
+            if (RB_SYMBOL_P(key)) {
+                return rb_sym2str(key);
+            }
+            return key;
         }
-    } else {
-        object = rb_hash_new_capa(count);
-        rb_hash_bulk_insert(count, rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count), object);
     }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
 
-    rvalue_stack_pop(state->stack, count);
+NOINLINE(static) void emit_duplicate_key_warning(JSON_ParserState *state, VALUE duplicate_key)
+{
+    VALUE message = rb_sprintf(
+        "detected duplicate key %"PRIsVALUE" in JSON object. This will raise an error in json 3.0 unless enabled via `allow_duplicate_key: true`",
+        rb_inspect(duplicate_key)
+    );
 
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->create_additions)) {
-        VALUE klassname;
-        if (config->object_class) {
-            klassname = rb_funcall(object, i_aref, 1, config->create_id);
-        } else {
-            klassname = rb_hash_aref(object, config->create_id);
-        }
-        if (!NIL_P(klassname)) {
-            VALUE klass = rb_funcall(mJSON, i_deep_const_get, 1, klassname);
-            if (RTEST(rb_funcall(klass, i_json_creatable_p, 0))) {
-                if (config->deprecated_create_additions) {
-                    json_deprecated(deprecated_create_additions_warning);
+    emit_parse_warning(RSTRING_PTR(message), state);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(message);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static) void raise_duplicate_key_error(JSON_ParserState *state, VALUE duplicate_key)
+{
+    VALUE message = rb_sprintf(
+        "duplicate key %"PRIsVALUE,
+        rb_inspect(duplicate_key)
+    );
+
+    long line, column;
+    cursor_position(state, &line, &column);
+    rb_str_concat(message, build_parse_error_message("", state, line, column)) ;
+    rb_exc_raise(parse_error_new(message, line, column));
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_decode_object(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, size_t count)
+{
+    size_t entries_count = count / 2;
+    VALUE object = rb_hash_new_capa(entries_count);
+    const VALUE *pairs = rvalue_stack_peek(state->stack, count);
+    rb_hash_bulk_insert(count, pairs, object);
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(RHASH_SIZE(object) < entries_count)) {
+        switch (config->on_duplicate_key) {
+            case JSON_IGNORE:
+                break;
+            case JSON_DEPRECATED:
+                // Only emit the first few deprecations to avoid spamming.
+                if (state->emitted_deprecations < 5) {
+                    emit_duplicate_key_warning(state, json_find_duplicated_key(count, pairs));
+                    state->emitted_deprecations++;
                 }
-                object = rb_funcall(klass, i_json_create, 1, object);
-            }
+
+                break;
+            case JSON_RAISE:
+                raise_duplicate_key_error(state, json_find_duplicated_key(count, pairs));
+                break;
         }
     }
 
+    rvalue_stack_pop(state->stack, count);
+
     if (config->freeze) {
         RB_OBJ_FREEZE(object);
     }
@@ -835,45 +975,16 @@ static inline VALUE json_decode_object(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfi
     return object;
 }
 
-static int match_i(VALUE regexp, VALUE klass, VALUE memo)
-{
-    if (regexp == Qundef) return ST_STOP;
-    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(klass, i_json_creatable_p, 0)) &&
-      RTEST(rb_funcall(regexp, i_match, 1, rb_ary_entry(memo, 0)))) {
-        rb_ary_push(memo, klass);
-        return ST_STOP;
-    }
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-static inline VALUE json_decode_string(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, const char *start, const char *end, bool escaped, bool is_name)
+static inline VALUE json_push_value(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE value)
 {
-    VALUE string;
-    bool intern = is_name || config->freeze;
-    bool symbolize = is_name && config->symbolize_names;
-    if (escaped) {
-        string = json_string_unescape(state, start, end, is_name, intern, symbolize);
-    } else {
-        string = json_string_fastpath(state, start, end, is_name, intern, symbolize);
-    }
-
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->create_additions && RTEST(config->match_string))) {
-          VALUE klass;
-          VALUE memo = rb_ary_new2(2);
-          rb_ary_push(memo, string);
-          rb_hash_foreach(config->match_string, match_i, memo);
-          klass = rb_ary_entry(memo, 1);
-          if (RTEST(klass)) {
-              string = rb_funcall(klass, i_json_create, 1, string);
-          }
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->on_load_proc)) {
+        value = rb_proc_call_with_block(config->on_load_proc, 1, &value, Qnil);
     }
-
-    return string;
+    rvalue_stack_push(state->stack, value, state->stack_handle, &state->stack);
+    return value;
 }
 
-#define PUSH(result) rvalue_stack_push(state->stack, result, &state->stack_handle, &state->stack)
-
-static const bool string_scan[256] = {
+static const bool string_scan_table[256] = {
     // ASCII Control Characters
      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
@@ -886,157 +997,319 @@ static const bool string_scan[256] = {
      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
-static inline VALUE json_parse_string(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, bool is_name)
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+static SIMD_Implementation simd_impl = SIMD_NONE;
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) bool string_scan(JSON_ParserState *state)
 {
-    state->cursor++;
-    const char *start = state->cursor;
-    bool escaped = false;
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+#if defined(HAVE_SIMD_NEON)
 
-    while (state->cursor < state->end) {
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(string_scan[(unsigned char)*state->cursor])) {
-            switch (*state->cursor) {
-                case '"': {
-                    VALUE string = json_decode_string(state, config, start, state->cursor, escaped, is_name);
-                    state->cursor++;
-                    return PUSH(string);
-                }
-                case '\\': {
-                    state->cursor++;
-                    escaped = true;
-                    if ((unsigned char)*state->cursor < 0x20) {
-                        raise_parse_error("invalid ASCII control character in string: %s", state->cursor);
-                    }
-                    break;
+    uint64_t mask = 0;
+    if (string_scan_simd_neon(&state->cursor, state->end, &mask)) {
+        state->cursor += trailing_zeros64(mask) >> 2;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_SIMD_SSE2)
+    if (simd_impl == SIMD_SSE2) {
+        int mask = 0;
+        if (string_scan_simd_sse2(&state->cursor, state->end, &mask)) {
+            state->cursor += trailing_zeros(mask);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD_NEON or HAVE_SIMD_SSE2 */
+#endif /* HAVE_SIMD */
+
+    while (!eos(state)) {
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(string_scan_table[(unsigned char)*state->cursor])) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        state->cursor++;
+    }
+
+    // If the string ended with an unterminated escape sequence, we might
+    // have gone past the end.
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->cursor > state->end)) {
+        state->cursor = state->end;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static VALUE json_parse_escaped_string(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, bool is_name, const char *start)
+{
+    const char *backslashes[JSON_MAX_UNESCAPE_POSITIONS];
+    JSON_UnescapePositions positions = {
+        .size = 0,
+        .positions = backslashes,
+        .additional_backslashes = 0,
+    };
+
+    do {
+        switch (*state->cursor) {
+            case '"': {
+                VALUE string = json_string_unescape(state, config, start, state->cursor, is_name, &positions);
+                state->cursor++;
+                return json_push_value(state, config, string);
+            }
+            case '\\': {
+                if (RB_LIKELY(positions.size < JSON_MAX_UNESCAPE_POSITIONS)) {
+                    backslashes[positions.size] = state->cursor;
+                    positions.size++;
+                } else {
+                    positions.additional_backslashes++;
                 }
-                default:
-                    raise_parse_error("invalid ASCII control character in string: %s", state->cursor);
-                    break;
+                state->cursor++;
+                break;
             }
+            default:
+                if (!config->allow_control_characters) {
+                    raise_parse_error("invalid ASCII control character in string: %s", state);
+                }
+                break;
         }
 
         state->cursor++;
-    }
+    } while (string_scan(state));
 
-    raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input, expected closing \"", state->cursor);
+    raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input, expected closing \"", state);
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) VALUE json_parse_string(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, bool is_name)
+{
+    state->cursor++;
+    const char *start = state->cursor;
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!string_scan(state))) {
+        raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input, expected closing \"", state);
+    }
+
+    if (RB_LIKELY(*state->cursor == '"')) {
+        VALUE string = json_string_fastpath(state, config, start, state->cursor, is_name);
+        state->cursor++;
+        return json_push_value(state, config, string);
+    }
+    return json_parse_escaped_string(state, config, is_name, start);
+}
+
+#if JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS
+// From: https://lemire.me/blog/2022/01/21/swar-explained-parsing-eight-digits/
+// Additional References:
+// https://johnnylee-sde.github.io/Fast-numeric-string-to-int/
+// http://0x80.pl/notesen/2014-10-12-parsing-decimal-numbers-part-1-swar.html
+static inline uint64_t decode_8digits_unrolled(uint64_t val) {
+    const uint64_t mask = 0x000000FF000000FF;
+    const uint64_t mul1 = 0x000F424000000064; // 100 + (1000000ULL << 32)
+    const uint64_t mul2 = 0x0000271000000001; // 1 + (10000ULL << 32)
+    val -= 0x3030303030303030;
+    val = (val * 10) + (val >> 8); // val = (val * 2561) >> 8;
+    val = (((val & mask) * mul1) + (((val >> 16) & mask) * mul2)) >> 32;
+    return val;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t decode_4digits_unrolled(uint32_t val) {
+    const uint32_t mask = 0x000000FF;
+    const uint32_t mul1 = 100;
+    val -= 0x30303030;
+    val = (val * 10) + (val >> 8); // val = (val * 2561) >> 8;
+    val = ((val & mask) * mul1) + (((val >> 16) & mask));
+    return val;
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline int json_parse_digits(JSON_ParserState *state, uint64_t *accumulator)
+{
+    const char *start = state->cursor;
+
+#if JSON_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN_64BITS
+    while (rest(state) >= sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+        uint64_t next_8bytes;
+        memcpy(&next_8bytes, state->cursor, sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+        // From: https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson/blob/32b301893c13d058095a07d9868edaaa42ee07aa/include/simdjson/generic/numberparsing.h#L333
+        // Branchless version of: http://0x80.pl/articles/swar-digits-validate.html
+        uint64_t match = (next_8bytes & 0xF0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0) | (((next_8bytes + 0x0606060606060606) & 0xF0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0) >> 4);
+
+        if (match == 0x3333333333333333) { // 8 consecutive digits
+            *accumulator = (*accumulator * 100000000) + decode_8digits_unrolled(next_8bytes);
+            state->cursor += 8;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t consecutive_digits = trailing_zeros64(match ^ 0x3333333333333333) / CHAR_BIT;
+
+        if (consecutive_digits >= 4) {
+            *accumulator = (*accumulator * 10000) + decode_4digits_unrolled((uint32_t)next_8bytes);
+            state->cursor += 4;
+            consecutive_digits -= 4;
+        }
+
+        while (consecutive_digits) {
+            *accumulator = *accumulator * 10 + (*state->cursor - '0');
+            consecutive_digits--;
+            state->cursor++;
+        }
+
+        return (int)(state->cursor - start);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    char next_char;
+    while (rb_isdigit(next_char = peek(state))) {
+        *accumulator = *accumulator * 10 + (next_char - '0');
+        state->cursor++;
+    }
+    return (int)(state->cursor - start);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_parse_number(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config, bool negative, const char *start)
+{
+    bool integer = true;
+    const char first_digit = *state->cursor;
+
+    // Variables for Ryu optimization - extract digits during parsing
+    int64_t exponent = 0;
+    int decimal_point_pos = -1;
+    uint64_t mantissa = 0;
+
+    // Parse integer part and extract mantissa digits
+    int mantissa_digits = json_parse_digits(state, &mantissa);
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY((first_digit == '0' && mantissa_digits > 1) || (negative && mantissa_digits == 0))) {
+        raise_parse_error_at("invalid number: %s", state, start);
+    }
+
+    // Parse fractional part
+    if (peek(state) == '.') {
+        integer = false;
+        decimal_point_pos = mantissa_digits;  // Remember position of decimal point
+        state->cursor++;
+
+        int fractional_digits = json_parse_digits(state, &mantissa);
+        mantissa_digits += fractional_digits;
+
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(!fractional_digits)) {
+            raise_parse_error_at("invalid number: %s", state, start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse exponent
+    if (rb_tolower(peek(state)) == 'e') {
+        integer = false;
+        state->cursor++;
+
+        bool negative_exponent = false;
+        const char next_char = peek(state);
+        if (next_char == '-' || next_char == '+') {
+            negative_exponent = next_char == '-';
+            state->cursor++;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t abs_exponent = 0;
+        int exponent_digits = json_parse_digits(state, &abs_exponent);
+
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(!exponent_digits)) {
+            raise_parse_error_at("invalid number: %s", state, start);
+        }
+
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(exponent_digits >= 20 || abs_exponent > (uint64_t)INT64_MAX)) {
+            exponent = negative_exponent ? INT64_MIN : INT64_MAX;
+        } else {
+            exponent = negative_exponent ? -(int64_t)abs_exponent : (int64_t)abs_exponent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (integer) {
+        return json_decode_integer(mantissa, mantissa_digits, negative, start, state->cursor);
+    }
+
+    // Adjust exponent based on decimal point position
+    if (decimal_point_pos >= 0) {
+        exponent -= (mantissa_digits - decimal_point_pos);
+    }
+
+    return json_decode_float(config, mantissa, mantissa_digits, exponent, negative, start, state->cursor);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_parse_positive_number(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
+{
+    return json_parse_number(state, config, false, state->cursor);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE json_parse_negative_number(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
+{
+    const char *start = state->cursor;
+    state->cursor++;
+    return json_parse_number(state, config, true, start);
+}
+
 static VALUE json_parse_any(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
 {
     json_eat_whitespace(state);
-    if (state->cursor >= state->end) {
-        raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input", state->cursor);
-    }
 
-    switch (*state->cursor) {
+    switch (peek(state)) {
         case 'n':
-            if ((state->end - state->cursor >= 4) && (memcmp(state->cursor, "null", 4) == 0)) {
+            if (rest(state) >= 4 && (memcmp(state->cursor, "null", 4) == 0)) {
                 state->cursor += 4;
-                return PUSH(Qnil);
+                return json_push_value(state, config, Qnil);
             }
 
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
             break;
         case 't':
-            if ((state->end - state->cursor >= 4) && (memcmp(state->cursor, "true", 4) == 0)) {
+            if (rest(state) >= 4 && (memcmp(state->cursor, "true", 4) == 0)) {
                 state->cursor += 4;
-                return PUSH(Qtrue);
+                return json_push_value(state, config, Qtrue);
             }
 
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
             break;
         case 'f':
             // Note: memcmp with a small power of two compile to an integer comparison
-            if ((state->end - state->cursor >= 5) && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "alse", 4) == 0)) {
+            if (rest(state) >= 5 && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "alse", 4) == 0)) {
                 state->cursor += 5;
-                return PUSH(Qfalse);
+                return json_push_value(state, config, Qfalse);
             }
 
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
             break;
         case 'N':
             // Note: memcmp with a small power of two compile to an integer comparison
-            if (config->allow_nan && (state->end - state->cursor >= 3) && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "aN", 2) == 0)) {
+            if (config->allow_nan && rest(state) >= 3 && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "aN", 2) == 0)) {
                 state->cursor += 3;
-                return PUSH(CNaN);
+                return json_push_value(state, config, CNaN);
             }
 
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
             break;
         case 'I':
-            if (config->allow_nan && (state->end - state->cursor >= 8) && (memcmp(state->cursor, "Infinity", 8) == 0)) {
+            if (config->allow_nan && rest(state) >= 8 && (memcmp(state->cursor, "Infinity", 8) == 0)) {
                 state->cursor += 8;
-                return PUSH(CInfinity);
+                return json_push_value(state, config, CInfinity);
             }
 
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
             break;
-        case '-':
+        case '-': {
             // Note: memcmp with a small power of two compile to an integer comparison
-            if ((state->end - state->cursor >= 9) && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "Infinity", 8) == 0)) {
+            if (rest(state) >= 9 && (memcmp(state->cursor + 1, "Infinity", 8) == 0)) {
                 if (config->allow_nan) {
                     state->cursor += 9;
-                    return PUSH(CMinusInfinity);
+                    return json_push_value(state, config, CMinusInfinity);
                 } else {
-                    raise_parse_error("unexpected token at '%s'", state->cursor);
-                }
-            }
-            // Fallthrough
-        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
-            bool integer = true;
-
-            // /\A-?(0|[1-9]\d*)(\.\d+)?([Ee][-+]?\d+)?/
-            const char *start = state->cursor;
-            state->cursor++;
-
-            while ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor >= '0') && (*state->cursor <= '9')) {
-                state->cursor++;
-            }
-
-            long integer_length = state->cursor - start;
-
-            if (RB_UNLIKELY(start[0] == '0' && integer_length > 1)) {
-                raise_parse_error("invalid number: %s", start);
-            } else if (RB_UNLIKELY(integer_length > 2 && start[0] == '-' && start[1] == '0')) {
-                raise_parse_error("invalid number: %s", start);
-            } else if (RB_UNLIKELY(integer_length == 1 && start[0] == '-')) {
-                raise_parse_error("invalid number: %s", start);
-            }
-
-            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor == '.')) {
-                integer = false;
-                state->cursor++;
-
-                if (state->cursor == state->end || *state->cursor < '0' || *state->cursor > '9') {
-                    raise_parse_error("invalid number: %s", state->cursor);
-                }
-
-                while ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor >= '0') && (*state->cursor <= '9')) {
-                    state->cursor++;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && ((*state->cursor == 'e') || (*state->cursor == 'E'))) {
-                integer = false;
-                state->cursor++;
-                if ((state->cursor < state->end) && ((*state->cursor == '+') || (*state->cursor == '-'))) {
-                    state->cursor++;
-                }
-
-                if (state->cursor == state->end || *state->cursor < '0' || *state->cursor > '9') {
-                    raise_parse_error("invalid number: %s", state->cursor);
-                }
-
-                while ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor >= '0') && (*state->cursor <= '9')) {
-                    state->cursor++;
+                    raise_parse_error("unexpected token %s", state);
                 }
             }
-
-            if (integer) {
-                return PUSH(json_decode_integer(start, state->cursor));
-            }
-            return PUSH(json_decode_float(config, start, state->cursor));
+            return json_push_value(state, config, json_parse_negative_number(state, config));
+            break;
         }
+        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+            return json_push_value(state, config, json_parse_positive_number(state, config));
+            break;
         case '"': {
             // %r{\A"[^"\\\t\n\x00]*(?:\\[bfnrtu\\/"][^"\\]*)*"}
             return json_parse_string(state, config, false);
@@ -1047,9 +1320,9 @@ static VALUE json_parse_any(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
             json_eat_whitespace(state);
             long stack_head = state->stack->head;
 
-            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor == ']')) {
+            if (peek(state) == ']') {
                 state->cursor++;
-                return PUSH(json_decode_array(state, config, 0));
+                return json_push_value(state, config, json_decode_array(state, config, 0));
             } else {
                 state->current_nesting++;
                 if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->max_nesting && (config->max_nesting < state->current_nesting))) {
@@ -1062,54 +1335,56 @@ static VALUE json_parse_any(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
             while (true) {
                 json_eat_whitespace(state);
 
-                if (state->cursor < state->end) {
-                    if (*state->cursor == ']') {
-                        state->cursor++;
-                        long count = state->stack->head - stack_head;
-                        state->current_nesting--;
-                        state->in_array--;
-                        return PUSH(json_decode_array(state, config, count));
-                    }
+                const char next_char = peek(state);
 
-                    if (*state->cursor == ',') {
-                        state->cursor++;
-                        if (config->allow_trailing_comma) {
-                            json_eat_whitespace(state);
-                            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor == ']')) {
-                                continue;
-                            }
+                if (RB_LIKELY(next_char == ',')) {
+                    state->cursor++;
+                    if (config->allow_trailing_comma) {
+                        json_eat_whitespace(state);
+                        if (peek(state) == ']') {
+                            continue;
                         }
-                        json_parse_any(state, config);
-                        continue;
                     }
+                    json_parse_any(state, config);
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                raise_parse_error("expected ',' or ']' after array value", state->cursor);
+                if (next_char == ']') {
+                    state->cursor++;
+                    long count = state->stack->head - stack_head;
+                    state->current_nesting--;
+                    state->in_array--;
+                    return json_push_value(state, config, json_decode_array(state, config, count));
+                }
+
+                raise_parse_error("expected ',' or ']' after array value", state);
             }
             break;
         }
         case '{': {
+            const char *object_start_cursor = state->cursor;
+
             state->cursor++;
             json_eat_whitespace(state);
             long stack_head = state->stack->head;
 
-            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor == '}')) {
+            if (peek(state) == '}') {
                 state->cursor++;
-                return PUSH(json_decode_object(state, config, 0));
+                return json_push_value(state, config, json_decode_object(state, config, 0));
             } else {
                 state->current_nesting++;
                 if (RB_UNLIKELY(config->max_nesting && (config->max_nesting < state->current_nesting))) {
                     rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %d is too deep", state->current_nesting);
                 }
 
-                if (*state->cursor != '"') {
-                    raise_parse_error("expected object key, got '%s", state->cursor);
+                if (peek(state) != '"') {
+                    raise_parse_error("expected object key, got %s", state);
                 }
                 json_parse_string(state, config, true);
 
                 json_eat_whitespace(state);
-                if ((state->cursor >= state->end) || (*state->cursor != ':')) {
-                    raise_parse_error("expected ':' after object key", state->cursor);
+                if (peek(state) != ':') {
+                    raise_parse_error("expected ':' after object key", state);
                 }
                 state->cursor++;
 
@@ -1119,59 +1394,70 @@ static VALUE json_parse_any(JSON_ParserState *state, JSON_ParserConfig *config)
             while (true) {
                 json_eat_whitespace(state);
 
-                if (state->cursor < state->end) {
-                    if (*state->cursor == '}') {
-                        state->cursor++;
-                        state->current_nesting--;
-                        long count = state->stack->head - stack_head;
-                        return PUSH(json_decode_object(state, config, count));
-                    }
+                const char next_char = peek(state);
+                if (next_char == '}') {
+                    state->cursor++;
+                    state->current_nesting--;
+                    size_t count = state->stack->head - stack_head;
 
-                    if (*state->cursor == ',') {
-                        state->cursor++;
-                        json_eat_whitespace(state);
+                    // Temporary rewind cursor in case an error is raised
+                    const char *final_cursor = state->cursor;
+                    state->cursor = object_start_cursor;
+                    VALUE object = json_decode_object(state, config, count);
+                    state->cursor = final_cursor;
 
-                        if (config->allow_trailing_comma) {
-                            if ((state->cursor < state->end) && (*state->cursor == '}')) {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        }
+                    return json_push_value(state, config, object);
+                }
 
-                        if (*state->cursor != '"') {
-                            raise_parse_error("expected object key, got: '%s'", state->cursor);
-                        }
-                        json_parse_string(state, config, true);
+                if (next_char == ',') {
+                    state->cursor++;
+                    json_eat_whitespace(state);
 
-                        json_eat_whitespace(state);
-                        if ((state->cursor >= state->end) || (*state->cursor != ':')) {
-                            raise_parse_error("expected ':' after object key, got: '%s", state->cursor);
+                    if (config->allow_trailing_comma) {
+                        if (peek(state) == '}') {
+                            continue;
                         }
-                        state->cursor++;
+                    }
 
-                        json_parse_any(state, config);
+                    if (RB_UNLIKELY(peek(state) != '"')) {
+                        raise_parse_error("expected object key, got: %s", state);
+                    }
+                    json_parse_string(state, config, true);
 
-                        continue;
+                    json_eat_whitespace(state);
+                    if (RB_UNLIKELY(peek(state) != ':')) {
+                        raise_parse_error("expected ':' after object key, got: %s", state);
                     }
+                    state->cursor++;
+
+                    json_parse_any(state, config);
+
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                raise_parse_error("expected ',' or '}' after object value, got: '%s'", state->cursor);
+                raise_parse_error("expected ',' or '}' after object value, got: %s", state);
             }
             break;
         }
 
+        case 0:
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected end of input", state);
+            break;
+
         default:
-            raise_parse_error("unexpected character: '%s'", state->cursor);
+            raise_parse_error("unexpected character: %s", state);
             break;
     }
 
-    raise_parse_error("unreacheable: '%s'", state->cursor);
+    raise_parse_error("unreachable: %s", state);
+    return Qundef;
 }
 
 static void json_ensure_eof(JSON_ParserState *state)
 {
     json_eat_whitespace(state);
-    if (state->cursor != state->end) {
-        raise_parse_error("unexpected token at end of stream '%s'", state->cursor);
+    if (!eos(state)) {
+        raise_parse_error("unexpected token at end of stream %s", state);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1189,40 +1475,56 @@ static void json_ensure_eof(JSON_ParserState *state)
 
 static VALUE convert_encoding(VALUE source)
 {
-  int encindex = RB_ENCODING_GET(source);
+    StringValue(source);
+    int encindex = RB_ENCODING_GET(source);
 
-  if (RB_LIKELY(encindex == utf8_encindex)) {
+    if (RB_LIKELY(encindex == utf8_encindex)) {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    if (encindex == binary_encindex) {
+        // For historical reason, we silently reinterpret binary strings as UTF-8
+        return rb_enc_associate_index(rb_str_dup(source), utf8_encindex);
+    }
+
+    source = rb_funcall(source, i_encode, 1, Encoding_UTF_8);
+    StringValue(source);
     return source;
-  }
+}
 
- if (encindex == binary_encindex) {
-    // For historical reason, we silently reinterpret binary strings as UTF-8
-    return rb_enc_associate_index(rb_str_dup(source), utf8_encindex);
-  }
+struct parser_config_init_args {
+    JSON_ParserConfig *config;
+    VALUE self;
+};
 
-  return rb_funcall(source, i_encode, 1, Encoding_UTF_8);
+static void parser_config_wb_write(VALUE self, VALUE *dest, VALUE val)
+{
+    *dest = val;
+    if (self) RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, val);
 }
 
 static int parser_config_init_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE data)
 {
-    JSON_ParserConfig *config = (JSON_ParserConfig *)data;
-
-         if (key == sym_max_nesting)          { config->max_nesting = RTEST(val) ? FIX2INT(val) : 0; }
-    else if (key == sym_allow_nan)            { config->allow_nan = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_allow_trailing_comma) { config->allow_trailing_comma = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_symbolize_names)      { config->symbolize_names = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_freeze)               { config->freeze = RTEST(val); }
-    else if (key == sym_create_id)            { config->create_id = RTEST(val) ? val : Qfalse; }
-    else if (key == sym_object_class)         { config->object_class = RTEST(val) ? val : Qfalse; }
-    else if (key == sym_array_class)          { config->array_class = RTEST(val) ? val : Qfalse; }
-    else if (key == sym_match_string)         { config->match_string = RTEST(val) ? val : Qfalse; }
-    else if (key == sym_decimal_class)        {
+    struct parser_config_init_args *args = (struct parser_config_init_args *)data;
+    JSON_ParserConfig *config = args->config;
+    VALUE self = args->self;
+
+         if (key == sym_max_nesting)                { config->max_nesting = RTEST(val) ? FIX2INT(val) : 0; }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_nan)                  { config->allow_nan = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_trailing_comma)       { config->allow_trailing_comma = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_control_characters)   { config->allow_control_characters = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_invalid_escape)       { config->allow_invalid_escape = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_symbolize_names)            { config->symbolize_names = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_freeze)                     { config->freeze = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_on_load)                    { parser_config_wb_write(self, &config->on_load_proc, RTEST(val) ? val : Qfalse); }
+    else if (key == sym_allow_duplicate_key)        { config->on_duplicate_key = RTEST(val) ? JSON_IGNORE : JSON_RAISE; }
+    else if (key == sym_decimal_class)              {
         if (RTEST(val)) {
             if (rb_respond_to(val, i_try_convert)) {
-                config->decimal_class = val;
+                parser_config_wb_write(self, &config->decimal_class, val);
                 config->decimal_method_id = i_try_convert;
             } else if (rb_respond_to(val, i_new)) {
-                config->decimal_class = val;
+                parser_config_wb_write(self, &config->decimal_class, val);
                 config->decimal_method_id = i_new;
             } else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_CLASS)) {
                 VALUE name = rb_class_name(val);
@@ -1231,7 +1533,7 @@ static int parser_config_init_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE data)
                 if (last_colon) {
                     const char *mod_path_end = last_colon - 1;
                     VALUE mod_path = rb_str_substr(name, 0, mod_path_end - name_cstr);
-                    config->decimal_class = rb_path_to_class(mod_path);
+                    parser_config_wb_write(self, &config->decimal_class, rb_path_to_class(mod_path));
 
                     const char *method_name_beg = last_colon + 1;
                     long before_len = method_name_beg - name_cstr;
@@ -1239,45 +1541,31 @@ static int parser_config_init_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE data)
                     VALUE method_name = rb_str_substr(name, before_len, len);
                     config->decimal_method_id = SYM2ID(rb_str_intern(method_name));
                 } else {
-                    config->decimal_class = rb_mKernel;
+                    parser_config_wb_write(self, &config->decimal_class, rb_mKernel);
                     config->decimal_method_id = SYM2ID(rb_str_intern(name));
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    else if (key == sym_create_additions)     {
-        if (NIL_P(val)) {
-            config->create_additions = true;
-            config->deprecated_create_additions = true;
-        } else {
-            config->create_additions = RTEST(val);
-            config->deprecated_create_additions = false;
-        }
-    }
 
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static void parser_config_init(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE opts)
+static void parser_config_init(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE opts, VALUE self)
 {
     config->max_nesting = 100;
 
+    struct parser_config_init_args args = {
+        .config = config,
+        .self = self,
+    };
+
     if (!NIL_P(opts)) {
         Check_Type(opts, T_HASH);
         if (RHASH_SIZE(opts) > 0) {
             // We assume in most cases few keys are set so it's faster to go over
             // the provided keys than to check all possible keys.
-            rb_hash_foreach(opts, parser_config_init_i, (VALUE)config);
-
-            if (config->symbolize_names && config->create_additions) {
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-                    "options :symbolize_names and :create_additions cannot be "
-                    " used in conjunction");
-            }
-
-            if (config->create_additions && !config->create_id) {
-                config->create_id = rb_funcall(mJSON, i_create_id, 0);
-            }
+            rb_hash_foreach(opts, parser_config_init_i, (VALUE)&args);
         }
 
     }
@@ -1302,38 +1590,30 @@ static void parser_config_init(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE opts)
  *   (keys) in a JSON object. Otherwise strings are returned, which is
  *   also the default. It's not possible to use this option in
  *   conjunction with the *create_additions* option.
- * * *create_additions*: If set to false, the Parser doesn't create
- *   additions even if a matching class and create_id was found. This option
- *   defaults to false.
- * * *object_class*: Defaults to Hash. If another type is provided, it will be used
- *   instead of Hash to represent JSON objects. The type must respond to
- *   +new+ without arguments, and return an object that respond to +[]=+.
- * * *array_class*: Defaults to Array If another type is provided, it will be used
- *   instead of Hash to represent JSON arrays. The type must respond to
- *   +new+ without arguments, and return an object that respond to +<<+.
  * * *decimal_class*: Specifies which class to use instead of the default
  *    (Float) when parsing decimal numbers. This class must accept a single
  *    string argument in its constructor.
  */
 static VALUE cParserConfig_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE opts)
 {
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
     GET_PARSER_CONFIG;
 
-    parser_config_init(config, opts);
-
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, config->create_id);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, config->object_class);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, config->array_class);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, config->decimal_class);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, config->match_string);
+    parser_config_init(config, opts, self);
 
     return self;
 }
 
-static VALUE cParser_parse(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE Vsource)
+static VALUE cParser_parse(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE src)
 {
-    Vsource = convert_encoding(StringValue(Vsource));
-    StringValue(Vsource);
+    VALUE Vsource = convert_encoding(src);
+
+    // Ensure the string isn't mutated under us.
+    // The classic API to use is `rb_str_locktmp`, but then we'd
+    // need to use `rb_protect` to make sure we always unlock.
+    if (Vsource == src) {
+        Vsource = rb_str_new_frozen(Vsource);
+    }
 
     VALUE rvalue_stack_buffer[RVALUE_STACK_INITIAL_CAPA];
     rvalue_stack stack = {
@@ -1342,10 +1622,18 @@ static VALUE cParser_parse(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE Vsource)
         .capa = RVALUE_STACK_INITIAL_CAPA,
     };
 
+    long len;
+    const char *start;
+
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(Vsource, start, len);
+
+    VALUE stack_handle = 0;
     JSON_ParserState _state = {
-        .cursor = RSTRING_PTR(Vsource),
-        .end = RSTRING_END(Vsource),
+        .start = start,
+        .cursor = start,
+        .end = start + len,
         .stack = &stack,
+        .stack_handle = &stack_handle,
     };
     JSON_ParserState *state = &_state;
 
@@ -1353,8 +1641,9 @@ static VALUE cParser_parse(JSON_ParserConfig *config, VALUE Vsource)
 
     // This may be skipped in case of exception, but
     // it won't cause a leak.
-    rvalue_stack_eagerly_release(state->stack_handle);
-
+    rvalue_stack_eagerly_release(stack_handle);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(stack_handle);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(Vsource);
     json_ensure_eof(state);
 
     return result;
@@ -1375,12 +1664,9 @@ static VALUE cParserConfig_parse(VALUE self, VALUE Vsource)
 
 static VALUE cParser_m_parse(VALUE klass, VALUE Vsource, VALUE opts)
 {
-    Vsource = convert_encoding(StringValue(Vsource));
-    StringValue(Vsource);
-
     JSON_ParserConfig _config = {0};
     JSON_ParserConfig *config = &_config;
-    parser_config_init(config, opts);
+    parser_config_init(config, opts, false);
 
     return cParser_parse(config, Vsource);
 }
@@ -1388,17 +1674,8 @@ static VALUE cParser_m_parse(VALUE klass, VALUE Vsource, VALUE opts)
 static void JSON_ParserConfig_mark(void *ptr)
 {
     JSON_ParserConfig *config = ptr;
-    rb_gc_mark(config->create_id);
-    rb_gc_mark(config->object_class);
-    rb_gc_mark(config->array_class);
+    rb_gc_mark(config->on_load_proc);
     rb_gc_mark(config->decimal_class);
-    rb_gc_mark(config->match_string);
-}
-
-static void JSON_ParserConfig_free(void *ptr)
-{
-    JSON_ParserConfig *config = ptr;
-    ruby_xfree(config);
 }
 
 static size_t JSON_ParserConfig_memsize(const void *ptr)
@@ -1407,14 +1684,13 @@ static size_t JSON_ParserConfig_memsize(const void *ptr)
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t JSON_ParserConfig_type = {
-    "JSON::Ext::Parser/ParserConfig",
-    {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "JSON::Ext::Parser/ParserConfig",
+    .function = {
         JSON_ParserConfig_mark,
-        JSON_ParserConfig_free,
+        RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE,
         JSON_ParserConfig_memsize,
     },
-    0, 0,
-    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
 };
 
 static VALUE cJSON_parser_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
@@ -1458,24 +1734,14 @@ void Init_parser(void)
     sym_max_nesting = ID2SYM(rb_intern("max_nesting"));
     sym_allow_nan = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_nan"));
     sym_allow_trailing_comma = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_trailing_comma"));
+    sym_allow_control_characters = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_control_characters"));
+    sym_allow_invalid_escape = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_invalid_escape"));
     sym_symbolize_names = ID2SYM(rb_intern("symbolize_names"));
     sym_freeze = ID2SYM(rb_intern("freeze"));
-    sym_create_additions = ID2SYM(rb_intern("create_additions"));
-    sym_create_id = ID2SYM(rb_intern("create_id"));
-    sym_object_class = ID2SYM(rb_intern("object_class"));
-    sym_array_class = ID2SYM(rb_intern("array_class"));
+    sym_on_load = ID2SYM(rb_intern("on_load"));
     sym_decimal_class = ID2SYM(rb_intern("decimal_class"));
-    sym_match_string = ID2SYM(rb_intern("match_string"));
-
-    i_create_id = rb_intern("create_id");
-    i_json_creatable_p = rb_intern("json_creatable?");
-    i_json_create = rb_intern("json_create");
-    i_chr = rb_intern("chr");
-    i_match = rb_intern("match");
-    i_deep_const_get = rb_intern("deep_const_get");
-    i_aset = rb_intern("[]=");
-    i_aref = rb_intern("[]");
-    i_leftshift = rb_intern("<<");
+    sym_allow_duplicate_key = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_duplicate_key"));
+
     i_new = rb_intern("new");
     i_try_convert = rb_intern("try_convert");
     i_uminus = rb_intern("-@");
@@ -1484,4 +1750,8 @@ void Init_parser(void)
     binary_encindex = rb_ascii8bit_encindex();
     utf8_encindex = rb_utf8_encindex();
     enc_utf8 = rb_utf8_encoding();
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIMD
+    simd_impl = find_simd_implementation();
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/ext/json/simd/conf.rb b/ext/json/simd/conf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76f774bc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/simd/conf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+case RbConfig::CONFIG['host_cpu']
+when /^(arm|aarch64)/
+  # Try to compile a small program using NEON instructions
+  header, type, init, extra = 'arm_neon.h', 'uint8x16_t', 'vdupq_n_u8(32)', nil
+when /^(x86_64|x64)/
+  header, type, init, extra = 'x86intrin.h', '__m128i', '_mm_set1_epi8(32)', 'if (__builtin_cpu_supports("sse2")) { printf("OK"); }'
+end
+if header
+  if have_header(header) && try_compile(<<~SRC, '-Werror=implicit-function-declaration')
+      #{cpp_include(header)}
+      int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+        #{type} test = #{init};
+        #{extra}
+        if (argc > 100000) printf("%p", &test);
+        return 0;
+      }
+    SRC
+    $defs.push("-DJSON_ENABLE_SIMD")
+  else
+    puts "Disable SIMD"
+  end
+end
+
+have_header('cpuid.h')
diff --git a/ext/json/simd/simd.h b/ext/json/simd/simd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..611b41b066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/simd/simd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#include "../json.h"
+
+typedef enum {
+    SIMD_NONE,
+    SIMD_NEON,
+    SIMD_SSE2
+} SIMD_Implementation;
+
+#ifndef __has_builtin         // Optional of course.
+  #define __has_builtin(x) 0  // Compatibility with non-clang compilers.
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+# if __has_builtin(__builtin_ctzll)
+#   define HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL 1
+# else
+#   define HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL 0
+# endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
+# define HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL 1
+#else
+# define HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL 0
+#endif
+
+static inline uint32_t trailing_zeros64(uint64_t input)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(input > 0); // __builtin_ctz(0) is undefined behavior
+
+#if HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+    return __builtin_ctzll(input);
+#else
+    uint32_t trailing_zeros = 0;
+    uint64_t temp = input;
+    while ((temp & 1) == 0 && temp > 0) {
+        trailing_zeros++;
+        temp >>= 1;
+    }
+    return trailing_zeros;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int trailing_zeros(int input)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(input > 0); // __builtin_ctz(0) is undefined behavior
+
+#if HAVE_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+    return __builtin_ctz(input);
+#else
+    int trailing_zeros = 0;
+    int temp = input;
+    while ((temp & 1) == 0 && temp > 0) {
+        trailing_zeros++;
+        temp >>= 1;
+    }
+    return trailing_zeros;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_ENABLE_SIMD
+
+#define SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD 4
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) void json_fast_memcpy16(char *dst, const char *src, size_t len)
+{
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len < 16);
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(len >= SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD); // 4
+#if defined(__has_builtin) && __has_builtin(__builtin_memcpy)
+    // If __builtin_memcpy is available, use it to copy between SIMD_MINIMUM_THRESHOLD (4) and vec_len-1 (15) bytes.
+    // These copies overlap. The first copy will copy the first 8 (or 4) bytes. The second copy will copy
+    // the last 8 (or 4) bytes but overlap with the first copy. The overlapping bytes will be in the correct
+    // position in both copies.
+
+    // Please do not attempt to replace __builtin_memcpy with memcpy without profiling and/or looking at the
+    // generated assembly. On clang-specifically (tested on Apple clang version 17.0.0 (clang-1700.0.13.3)),
+    // when using memcpy, the compiler will notice the only difference is a 4 or 8 and generate a conditional
+    // select instruction instead of direct loads and stores with a branch. This ends up slower than the branch
+    // plus two loads and stores generated when using __builtin_memcpy.
+    if (len >= 8) {
+        __builtin_memcpy(dst, src, 8);
+        __builtin_memcpy(dst + len - 8, src + len - 8, 8);
+    } else {
+        __builtin_memcpy(dst, src, 4);
+        __builtin_memcpy(dst + len - 4, src + len - 4, 4);
+    }
+#else
+    MEMCPY(dst, src, char, len);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__ARM_NEON__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+
+#define FIND_SIMD_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED 1
+static inline SIMD_Implementation find_simd_implementation(void)
+{
+    return SIMD_NEON;
+}
+
+#define HAVE_SIMD 1
+#define HAVE_SIMD_NEON 1
+
+// See: https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/servers-and-cloud-computing-blog/posts/porting-x86-vector-bitmask-optimizations-to-arm-neon
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) uint64_t neon_match_mask(uint8x16_t matches)
+{
+    const uint8x8_t res = vshrn_n_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u8(matches), 4);
+    const uint64_t mask = vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u8(res), 0);
+    return mask & 0x8888888888888888ull;
+}
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) uint64_t compute_chunk_mask_neon(const char *ptr)
+{
+    uint8x16_t chunk = vld1q_u8((const unsigned char *)ptr);
+
+    // Trick: c < 32 || c == 34 can be factored as c ^ 2 < 33
+    // https://lemire.me/blog/2025/04/13/detect-control-characters-quotes-and-backslashes-efficiently-using-swar/
+    const uint8x16_t too_low_or_dbl_quote = vcltq_u8(veorq_u8(chunk, vdupq_n_u8(2)), vdupq_n_u8(33));
+
+    uint8x16_t has_backslash = vceqq_u8(chunk, vdupq_n_u8('\\'));
+    uint8x16_t needs_escape  = vorrq_u8(too_low_or_dbl_quote, has_backslash);
+    return neon_match_mask(needs_escape);
+}
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) int string_scan_simd_neon(const char **ptr, const char *end, uint64_t *mask)
+{
+    while (*ptr + sizeof(uint8x16_t) <= end) {
+        uint64_t chunk_mask = compute_chunk_mask_neon(*ptr);
+        if (chunk_mask) {
+            *mask = chunk_mask;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        *ptr += sizeof(uint8x16_t);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* ARM Neon Support.*/
+
+#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+
+#ifdef HAVE_X86INTRIN_H
+#include <x86intrin.h>
+
+#define HAVE_SIMD 1
+#define HAVE_SIMD_SSE2 1
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CPUID_H
+#define FIND_SIMD_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED 1
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#define TARGET_SSE2 __attribute__((target("sse2")))
+#else
+#define TARGET_SSE2
+#endif
+
+#define _mm_cmpge_epu8(a, b) _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(a, b), a)
+#define _mm_cmple_epu8(a, b) _mm_cmpge_epu8(b, a)
+#define _mm_cmpgt_epu8(a, b) _mm_xor_si128(_mm_cmple_epu8(a, b), _mm_set1_epi8(-1))
+#define _mm_cmplt_epu8(a, b) _mm_cmpgt_epu8(b, a)
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) TARGET_SSE2 int compute_chunk_mask_sse2(const char *ptr)
+{
+    __m128i chunk         = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i const*)ptr);
+    // Trick: c < 32 || c == 34 can be factored as c ^ 2 < 33
+    // https://lemire.me/blog/2025/04/13/detect-control-characters-quotes-and-backslashes-efficiently-using-swar/
+    __m128i too_low_or_dbl_quote = _mm_cmplt_epu8(_mm_xor_si128(chunk, _mm_set1_epi8(2)), _mm_set1_epi8(33));
+    __m128i has_backslash = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(chunk, _mm_set1_epi8('\\'));
+    __m128i needs_escape  = _mm_or_si128(too_low_or_dbl_quote, has_backslash);
+    return _mm_movemask_epi8(needs_escape);
+}
+
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static) TARGET_SSE2 int string_scan_simd_sse2(const char **ptr, const char *end, int *mask)
+{
+    while (*ptr + sizeof(__m128i) <= end) {
+        int chunk_mask = compute_chunk_mask_sse2(*ptr);
+        if (chunk_mask) {
+            *mask = chunk_mask;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        *ptr += sizeof(__m128i);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#include <cpuid.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_CPUID_H */
+
+static inline SIMD_Implementation find_simd_implementation(void)
+{
+    // TODO Revisit. I think the SSE version now only uses SSE2 instructions.
+    if (__builtin_cpu_supports("sse2")) {
+        return SIMD_SSE2;
+    }
+
+    return SIMD_NONE;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_X86INTRIN_H */
+#endif /* X86_64 Support */
+
+#endif /* JSON_ENABLE_SIMD */
+
+#ifndef FIND_SIMD_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
+static inline SIMD_Implementation find_simd_implementation(void)
+{
+    return SIMD_NONE;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ext/json/vendor/fpconv.c b/ext/json/vendor/fpconv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c9bc2c103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/vendor/fpconv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+// Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+// obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+// this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+// execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+// Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+// do so, all subject to the following:
+//
+// The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+// the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+// must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+// all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+// works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+// a source language processor.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+// SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+// FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// The contents of this file is extracted from https://github.com/night-shift/fpconv
+// It was slightly modified to append ".0" to plain floats, for use with the https://github.com/ruby/json package.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#define npowers     87
+#define steppowers  8
+#define firstpower -348 /* 10 ^ -348 */
+
+#define expmax     -32
+#define expmin     -60
+
+typedef struct Fp {
+    uint64_t frac;
+    int exp;
+} Fp;
+
+static const Fp powers_ten[] = {
+    { 18054884314459144840U, -1220 }, { 13451937075301367670U, -1193 },
+    { 10022474136428063862U, -1166 }, { 14934650266808366570U, -1140 },
+    { 11127181549972568877U, -1113 }, { 16580792590934885855U, -1087 },
+    { 12353653155963782858U, -1060 }, { 18408377700990114895U, -1034 },
+    { 13715310171984221708U, -1007 }, { 10218702384817765436U, -980 },
+    { 15227053142812498563U, -954 },  { 11345038669416679861U, -927 },
+    { 16905424996341287883U, -901 },  { 12595523146049147757U, -874 },
+    { 9384396036005875287U,  -847 },  { 13983839803942852151U, -821 },
+    { 10418772551374772303U, -794 },  { 15525180923007089351U, -768 },
+    { 11567161174868858868U, -741 },  { 17236413322193710309U, -715 },
+    { 12842128665889583758U, -688 },  { 9568131466127621947U,  -661 },
+    { 14257626930069360058U, -635 },  { 10622759856335341974U, -608 },
+    { 15829145694278690180U, -582 },  { 11793632577567316726U, -555 },
+    { 17573882009934360870U, -529 },  { 13093562431584567480U, -502 },
+    { 9755464219737475723U,  -475 },  { 14536774485912137811U, -449 },
+    { 10830740992659433045U, -422 },  { 16139061738043178685U, -396 },
+    { 12024538023802026127U, -369 },  { 17917957937422433684U, -343 },
+    { 13349918974505688015U, -316 },  { 9946464728195732843U,  -289 },
+    { 14821387422376473014U, -263 },  { 11042794154864902060U, -236 },
+    { 16455045573212060422U, -210 },  { 12259964326927110867U, -183 },
+    { 18268770466636286478U, -157 },  { 13611294676837538539U, -130 },
+    { 10141204801825835212U, -103 },  { 15111572745182864684U, -77 },
+    { 11258999068426240000U, -50 },   { 16777216000000000000U, -24 },
+    { 12500000000000000000U,   3 },   { 9313225746154785156U,   30 },
+    { 13877787807814456755U,  56 },   { 10339757656912845936U,  83 },
+    { 15407439555097886824U, 109 },   { 11479437019748901445U, 136 },
+    { 17105694144590052135U, 162 },   { 12744735289059618216U, 189 },
+    { 9495567745759798747U,  216 },   { 14149498560666738074U, 242 },
+    { 10542197943230523224U, 269 },   { 15709099088952724970U, 295 },
+    { 11704190886730495818U, 322 },   { 17440603504673385349U, 348 },
+    { 12994262207056124023U, 375 },   { 9681479787123295682U,  402 },
+    { 14426529090290212157U, 428 },   { 10748601772107342003U, 455 },
+    { 16016664761464807395U, 481 },   { 11933345169920330789U, 508 },
+    { 17782069995880619868U, 534 },   { 13248674568444952270U, 561 },
+    { 9871031767461413346U,  588 },   { 14708983551653345445U, 614 },
+    { 10959046745042015199U, 641 },   { 16330252207878254650U, 667 },
+    { 12166986024289022870U, 694 },   { 18130221999122236476U, 720 },
+    { 13508068024458167312U, 747 },   { 10064294952495520794U, 774 },
+    { 14996968138956309548U, 800 },   { 11173611982879273257U, 827 },
+    { 16649979327439178909U, 853 },   { 12405201291620119593U, 880 },
+    { 9242595204427927429U,  907 },   { 13772540099066387757U, 933 },
+    { 10261342003245940623U, 960 },   { 15290591125556738113U, 986 },
+    { 11392378155556871081U, 1013 },  { 16975966327722178521U, 1039 },
+    { 12648080533535911531U, 1066 }
+};
+
+static Fp find_cachedpow10(int exp, int* k)
+{
+    const double one_log_ten = 0.30102999566398114;
+
+    int approx = (int)(-(exp + npowers) * one_log_ten);
+    int idx = (approx - firstpower) / steppowers;
+
+    while(1) {
+        int current = exp + powers_ten[idx].exp + 64;
+
+        if(current < expmin) {
+            idx++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if(current > expmax) {
+            idx--;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *k = (firstpower + idx * steppowers);
+
+        return powers_ten[idx];
+    }
+}
+
+#define fracmask  0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFU
+#define expmask   0x7FF0000000000000U
+#define hiddenbit 0x0010000000000000U
+#define signmask  0x8000000000000000U
+#define expbias   (1023 + 52)
+
+#define absv(n) ((n) < 0 ? -(n) : (n))
+#define minv(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+static const uint64_t tens[] = {
+    10000000000000000000U, 1000000000000000000U, 100000000000000000U,
+    10000000000000000U, 1000000000000000U, 100000000000000U,
+    10000000000000U, 1000000000000U, 100000000000U,
+    10000000000U, 1000000000U, 100000000U,
+    10000000U, 1000000U, 100000U,
+    10000U, 1000U, 100U,
+    10U, 1U
+};
+
+static inline uint64_t get_dbits(double d)
+{
+    union {
+        double   dbl;
+        uint64_t i;
+    } dbl_bits = { d };
+
+    return dbl_bits.i;
+}
+
+static Fp build_fp(double d)
+{
+    uint64_t bits = get_dbits(d);
+
+    Fp fp;
+    fp.frac = bits & fracmask;
+    fp.exp = (bits & expmask) >> 52;
+
+    if(fp.exp) {
+        fp.frac += hiddenbit;
+        fp.exp -= expbias;
+
+    } else {
+        fp.exp = -expbias + 1;
+    }
+
+    return fp;
+}
+
+static void normalize(Fp* fp)
+{
+    while ((fp->frac & hiddenbit) == 0) {
+        fp->frac <<= 1;
+        fp->exp--;
+    }
+
+    int shift = 64 - 52 - 1;
+    fp->frac <<= shift;
+    fp->exp -= shift;
+}
+
+static void get_normalized_boundaries(Fp* fp, Fp* lower, Fp* upper)
+{
+    upper->frac = (fp->frac << 1) + 1;
+    upper->exp  = fp->exp - 1;
+
+    while ((upper->frac & (hiddenbit << 1)) == 0) {
+        upper->frac <<= 1;
+        upper->exp--;
+    }
+
+    int u_shift = 64 - 52 - 2;
+
+    upper->frac <<= u_shift;
+    upper->exp = upper->exp - u_shift;
+
+
+    int l_shift = fp->frac == hiddenbit ? 2 : 1;
+
+    lower->frac = (fp->frac << l_shift) - 1;
+    lower->exp = fp->exp - l_shift;
+
+
+    lower->frac <<= lower->exp - upper->exp;
+    lower->exp = upper->exp;
+}
+
+static Fp multiply(Fp* a, Fp* b)
+{
+    const uint64_t lomask = 0x00000000FFFFFFFF;
+
+    uint64_t ah_bl = (a->frac >> 32)    * (b->frac & lomask);
+    uint64_t al_bh = (a->frac & lomask) * (b->frac >> 32);
+    uint64_t al_bl = (a->frac & lomask) * (b->frac & lomask);
+    uint64_t ah_bh = (a->frac >> 32)    * (b->frac >> 32);
+
+    uint64_t tmp = (ah_bl & lomask) + (al_bh & lomask) + (al_bl >> 32);
+    /* round up */
+    tmp += 1U << 31;
+
+    Fp fp = {
+        ah_bh + (ah_bl >> 32) + (al_bh >> 32) + (tmp >> 32),
+        a->exp + b->exp + 64
+    };
+
+    return fp;
+}
+
+static void round_digit(char* digits, int ndigits, uint64_t delta, uint64_t rem, uint64_t kappa, uint64_t frac)
+{
+    while (rem < frac && delta - rem >= kappa &&
+           (rem + kappa < frac || frac - rem > rem + kappa - frac)) {
+
+        digits[ndigits - 1]--;
+        rem += kappa;
+    }
+}
+
+static int generate_digits(Fp* fp, Fp* upper, Fp* lower, char* digits, int* K)
+{
+    uint64_t wfrac = upper->frac - fp->frac;
+    uint64_t delta = upper->frac - lower->frac;
+
+    Fp one;
+    one.frac = 1ULL << -upper->exp;
+    one.exp  = upper->exp;
+
+    uint64_t part1 = upper->frac >> -one.exp;
+    uint64_t part2 = upper->frac & (one.frac - 1);
+
+    int idx = 0, kappa = 10;
+    const uint64_t* divp;
+    /* 1000000000 */
+    for(divp = tens + 10; kappa > 0; divp++) {
+
+        uint64_t div = *divp;
+        unsigned digit = (unsigned) (part1 / div);
+
+        if (digit || idx) {
+            digits[idx++] = digit + '0';
+        }
+
+        part1 -= digit * div;
+        kappa--;
+
+        uint64_t tmp = (part1 <<-one.exp) + part2;
+        if (tmp <= delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            round_digit(digits, idx, delta, tmp, div << -one.exp, wfrac);
+
+            return idx;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* 10 */
+    const uint64_t* unit = tens + 18;
+
+    while(true) {
+        part2 *= 10;
+        delta *= 10;
+        kappa--;
+
+        unsigned digit = (unsigned) (part2 >> -one.exp);
+        if (digit || idx) {
+            digits[idx++] = digit + '0';
+        }
+
+        part2 &= one.frac - 1;
+        if (part2 < delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            round_digit(digits, idx, delta, part2, one.frac, wfrac * *unit);
+
+            return idx;
+        }
+
+        unit--;
+    }
+}
+
+static int grisu2(double d, char* digits, int* K)
+{
+    Fp w = build_fp(d);
+
+    Fp lower, upper;
+    get_normalized_boundaries(&w, &lower, &upper);
+
+    normalize(&w);
+
+    int k;
+    Fp cp = find_cachedpow10(upper.exp, &k);
+
+    w     = multiply(&w,     &cp);
+    upper = multiply(&upper, &cp);
+    lower = multiply(&lower, &cp);
+
+    lower.frac++;
+    upper.frac--;
+
+    *K = -k;
+
+    return generate_digits(&w, &upper, &lower, digits, K);
+}
+
+static int emit_digits(char* digits, int ndigits, char* dest, int K, bool neg)
+{
+    int exp = absv(K + ndigits - 1);
+
+    if(K >= 0 && exp < 15) {
+        memcpy(dest, digits, ndigits);
+        memset(dest + ndigits, '0', K);
+
+        /* add a .0 to mark this as a float. */
+        dest[ndigits + K] = '.';
+        dest[ndigits + K + 1] = '0';
+
+        return ndigits + K + 2;
+    }
+
+    /* write decimal w/o scientific notation */
+    if(K < 0 && (K > -7 || exp < 10)) {
+        int offset = ndigits - absv(K);
+        /* fp < 1.0 -> write leading zero */
+        if(offset <= 0) {
+            offset = -offset;
+            dest[0] = '0';
+            dest[1] = '.';
+            memset(dest + 2, '0', offset);
+            memcpy(dest + offset + 2, digits, ndigits);
+
+            return ndigits + 2 + offset;
+
+        /* fp > 1.0 */
+        } else {
+            memcpy(dest, digits, offset);
+            dest[offset] = '.';
+            memcpy(dest + offset + 1, digits + offset, ndigits - offset);
+
+            return ndigits + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* write decimal w/ scientific notation */
+    ndigits = minv(ndigits, 18 - neg);
+
+    int idx = 0;
+    dest[idx++] = digits[0];
+
+    if(ndigits > 1) {
+        dest[idx++] = '.';
+        memcpy(dest + idx, digits + 1, ndigits - 1);
+        idx += ndigits - 1;
+    }
+
+    dest[idx++] = 'e';
+
+    char sign = K + ndigits - 1 < 0 ? '-' : '+';
+    dest[idx++] = sign;
+
+    int cent = 0;
+
+    if(exp > 99) {
+        cent = exp / 100;
+        dest[idx++] = cent + '0';
+        exp -= cent * 100;
+    }
+    if(exp > 9) {
+        int dec = exp / 10;
+        dest[idx++] = dec + '0';
+        exp -= dec * 10;
+
+    } else if(cent) {
+        dest[idx++] = '0';
+    }
+
+    dest[idx++] = exp % 10 + '0';
+
+    return idx;
+}
+
+static int filter_special(double fp, char* dest)
+{
+    if(fp == 0.0) {
+        dest[0] = '0';
+        dest[1] = '.';
+        dest[2] = '0';
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t bits = get_dbits(fp);
+
+    bool nan = (bits & expmask) == expmask;
+
+    if(!nan) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if(bits & fracmask) {
+        dest[0] = 'n'; dest[1] = 'a'; dest[2] = 'n';
+
+    } else {
+        dest[0] = 'i'; dest[1] = 'n'; dest[2] = 'f';
+    }
+
+    return 3;
+}
+
+/* Fast and accurate double to string conversion based on Florian Loitsch's
+ * Grisu-algorithm[1].
+ *
+ * Input:
+ * fp -> the double to convert, dest -> destination buffer.
+ * The generated string will never be longer than 32 characters.
+ * Make sure to pass a pointer to at least 32 bytes of memory.
+ * The emitted string will not be null terminated.
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * Output:
+ * The number of written characters.
+ *
+ * Exemplary usage:
+ *
+ * void print(double d)
+ * {
+ *      char buf[28 + 1] // plus null terminator
+ *      int str_len = fpconv_dtoa(d, buf);
+ *
+ *      buf[str_len] = '\0';
+ *      printf("%s", buf);
+ * }
+ *
+ */
+static int fpconv_dtoa(double d, char dest[32])
+{
+    char digits[18];
+
+    int str_len = 0;
+    bool neg = false;
+
+    if(get_dbits(d) & signmask) {
+        dest[0] = '-';
+        str_len++;
+        neg = true;
+    }
+
+    int spec = filter_special(d, dest + str_len);
+
+    if(spec) {
+        return str_len + spec;
+    }
+
+    int K = 0;
+    int ndigits = grisu2(d, digits, &K);
+
+    str_len += emit_digits(digits, ndigits, dest + str_len, K, neg);
+#if JSON_DEBUG
+    assert(str_len <= 32);
+#endif
+
+    return str_len;
+}
diff --git a/ext/json/vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h b/ext/json/vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba4f497fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+
+This file is released under the terms of the MIT License. It is based on the
+work of James Edward Anhalt III, with the original license listed below.
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2024,2025 Enrico Thierbach - https://github.com/radiospiel
+Copyright (c) 2022 James Edward Anhalt III - https://github.com/jeaiii/itoa
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef JEAIII_TO_TEXT_H_
+#define JEAIII_TO_TEXT_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef uint_fast32_t u32_t;
+typedef uint_fast64_t u64_t;
+
+#define u32(x) ((u32_t)(x))
+#define u64(x) ((u64_t)(x))
+
+struct digit_pair
+{
+    char dd[2];
+};
+
+static const struct digit_pair *digits_dd = (struct digit_pair *)(
+    "00" "01" "02" "03" "04" "05" "06" "07" "08" "09"
+    "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19"
+    "20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29"
+    "30" "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39"
+    "40" "41" "42" "43" "44" "45" "46" "47" "48" "49"
+    "50" "51" "52" "53" "54" "55" "56" "57" "58" "59"
+    "60" "61" "62" "63" "64" "65" "66" "67" "68" "69"
+    "70" "71" "72" "73" "74" "75" "76" "77" "78" "79"
+    "80" "81" "82" "83" "84" "85" "86" "87" "88" "89"
+    "90" "91" "92" "93" "94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99"
+);
+
+static const struct digit_pair *digits_fd = (struct digit_pair *)(
+    "0_" "1_" "2_" "3_" "4_" "5_" "6_" "7_" "8_" "9_"
+    "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19"
+    "20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29"
+    "30" "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39"
+    "40" "41" "42" "43" "44" "45" "46" "47" "48" "49"
+    "50" "51" "52" "53" "54" "55" "56" "57" "58" "59"
+    "60" "61" "62" "63" "64" "65" "66" "67" "68" "69"
+    "70" "71" "72" "73" "74" "75" "76" "77" "78" "79"
+    "80" "81" "82" "83" "84" "85" "86" "87" "88" "89"
+    "90" "91" "92" "93" "94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99"
+);
+
+static const u64_t mask24 = (u64(1) << 24) - 1;
+static const u64_t mask32 = (u64(1) << 32) - 1;
+static const u64_t mask57 = (u64(1) << 57) - 1;
+
+#define COPY(buffer, digits) memcpy(buffer, &(digits), sizeof(struct digit_pair))
+
+static char *
+jeaiii_ultoa(char *b, u64_t n)
+{
+    if (n < u32(1e2)) {
+        COPY(b, digits_fd[n]);
+        return n < 10 ? b + 1 : b + 2;
+    }
+
+    if (n < u32(1e6)) {
+        if (n < u32(1e4)) {
+            u32_t f0 = u32((10 * (1 << 24) / 1e3 + 1) * n);
+            COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 24]);
+
+            b -= n < u32(1e3);
+            u32_t f2 = (f0 & mask24) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 24]);
+
+            return b + 4;
+        }
+
+        u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 32ull)/ 1e5 + 1) * n;
+        COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+        b -= n < u32(1e5);
+        u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+        return b + 6;
+    }
+
+    if (n < u64(1ull << 32ull)) {
+        if (n < u32(1e8)) {
+            u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 48ull) / 1e7 + 1) * n >> 16;
+            COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+            b -= n < u32(1e7);
+            u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+            u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+
+            u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask32) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 32]);
+
+            return b + 8;
+        }
+
+        u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 57ull) / 1e9 + 1) * n;
+        COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 57]);
+
+        b -= n < u32(1e9);
+        u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f8 = (f6 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 8, digits_dd[f8 >> 57]);
+
+        return b + 10;
+    }
+
+    // if we get here U must be u64 but some compilers don't know that, so reassign n to a u64 to avoid warnings
+    u32_t z = n % u32(1e8);
+    u64_t u = n / u32(1e8);
+
+    if (u < u32(1e2)) {
+        // u can't be 1 digit (if u < 10 it would have been handled above as a 9 digit 32bit number)
+        COPY(b, digits_dd[u]);
+        b += 2;
+    }
+    else if (u < u32(1e6)) {
+        if (u < u32(1e4)) {
+            u32_t f0 = u32((10 * (1 << 24) / 1e3 + 1) * u);
+            COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 24]);
+
+            b -= u < u32(1e3);
+            u32_t f2 = (f0 & mask24) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 24]);
+            b += 4;
+        }
+        else {
+            u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 32ull) / 1e5 + 1) * u;
+            COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+            b -= u < u32(1e5);
+            u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+            u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+            b += 6;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (u < u32(1e8)) {
+        u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 48ull) / 1e7 + 1) * u >> 16;
+        COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+        b -= u < u32(1e7);
+        u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 32]);
+
+        b += 8;
+    }
+    else if (u < u64(1ull << 32ull)) {
+        u64_t f0 = u64(10 * (1ull << 57ull) / 1e9 + 1) * u;
+        COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 57]);
+
+        b -= u < u32(1e9);
+        u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 57]);
+
+        u64_t f8 = (f6 & mask57) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 8, digits_dd[f8 >> 57]);
+        b += 10;
+    }
+    else {
+        u32_t y = u % u32(1e8);
+        u /= u32(1e8);
+
+        // u is 2, 3, or 4 digits (if u < 10 it would have been handled above)
+        if (u < u32(1e2)) {
+            COPY(b, digits_dd[u]);
+            b += 2;
+        }
+        else {
+            u32_t f0 = u32((10 * (1 << 24) / 1e3 + 1) * u);
+            COPY(b, digits_fd[f0 >> 24]);
+
+            b -= u < u32(1e3);
+            u32_t f2 = (f0 & mask24) * 100;
+            COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 24]);
+
+            b += 4;
+        }
+        // do 8 digits
+        u64_t f0 = (u64((1ull << 48ull) / 1e6 + 1) * y >> 16) + 1;
+        COPY(b, digits_dd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+
+        u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask32) * 100;
+        COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 32]);
+        b += 8;
+    }
+
+    // do 8 digits
+    u64_t f0 = (u64((1ull << 48ull) / 1e6 + 1) * z >> 16) + 1;
+    COPY(b, digits_dd[f0 >> 32]);
+
+    u64_t f2 = (f0 & mask32) * 100;
+    COPY(b + 2, digits_dd[f2 >> 32]);
+
+    u64_t f4 = (f2 & mask32) * 100;
+    COPY(b + 4, digits_dd[f4 >> 32]);
+
+    u64_t f6 = (f4 & mask32) * 100;
+    COPY(b + 6, digits_dd[f6 >> 32]);
+
+    return b + 8;
+}
+
+#undef u32
+#undef u64
+#undef COPY
+
+#endif // JEAIII_TO_TEXT_H_
diff --git a/ext/json/vendor/ryu.h b/ext/json/vendor/ryu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f06ec814b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/json/vendor/ryu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Ulf Adams
+//
+// The contents of this file may be used under the terms of the Apache License,
+// Version 2.0.
+//
+// Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
+// the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this software
+// is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.
+//
+// ---
+//
+//                               Apache License
+//                         Version 2.0, January 2004
+//                      http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+//
+// TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+//
+// 1. Definitions.
+//
+//    "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+//    and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+//
+//    "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+//    the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+//
+//    "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+//    other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+//    control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+//    "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+//    direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+//    otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+//    outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+//
+//    "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+//    exercising permissions granted by this License.
+//
+//    "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+//    including but not limited to software source code, documentation
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+//
+//    "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+//    transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+//    not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+//    and conversions to other media types.
+//
+//    "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+//    Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+//    copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+//    (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+//
+//    "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+//    form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+//    editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+//    represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+//    of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
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+//    institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
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+// 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
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+//    any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
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+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+// Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+// obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
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+// execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+// Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+// do so, all subject to the following:
+//
+// The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+// the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+// must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+// all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+// works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+// a source language processor.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+// SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+// FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+// ---
+// Minimal Ryu implementation adapted for Ruby JSON gem by Josef Šimánek
+// Optimized for pre-extracted mantissa/exponent from JSON parsing
+// This is a stripped-down version containing only what's needed for
+// converting decimal mantissa+exponent to IEEE 754 double precision.
+
+#ifndef RYU_H
+#define RYU_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+// Detect __builtin_clzll availability (for floor_log2)
+// Note: MSVC doesn't have __builtin_clzll, so we provide a fallback
+#ifdef __clang__
+  #if __has_builtin(__builtin_clzll)
+    #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 1
+  #else
+    #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 0
+  #endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
+  #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 1
+#else
+  #define RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL 0
+#endif
+
+// Count leading zeros (for floor_log2)
+static inline uint32_t ryu_leading_zeros64(uint64_t input)
+{
+#if RYU_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZLL
+  return __builtin_clzll(input);
+#else
+  // Fallback: binary search for the highest set bit
+  // This works on MSVC and other compilers without __builtin_clzll
+  if (input == 0) return 64;
+  uint32_t n = 0;
+  if (input <= 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL) { n += 32; input <<= 32; }
+  if (input <= 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n += 16; input <<= 16; }
+  if (input <= 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  8; input <<=  8; }
+  if (input <= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  4; input <<=  4; }
+  if (input <= 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  2; input <<=  2; }
+  if (input <= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) { n +=  1; }
+  return n;
+#endif
+}
+
+// These tables are generated by PrintDoubleLookupTable.
+#define DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT 125
+#define DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT 125
+
+#define DOUBLE_POW5_INV_TABLE_SIZE 342
+#define DOUBLE_POW5_TABLE_SIZE 326
+
+static const uint64_t DOUBLE_POW5_INV_SPLIT[DOUBLE_POW5_INV_TABLE_SIZE][2] = {
+  {                    1u, 2305843009213693952u }, { 11068046444225730970u, 1844674407370955161u },
+  {  5165088340638674453u, 1475739525896764129u }, {  7821419487252849886u, 1180591620717411303u },
+  {  8824922364862649494u, 1888946593147858085u }, {  7059937891890119595u, 1511157274518286468u },
+  { 13026647942995916322u, 1208925819614629174u }, {  9774590264567735146u, 1934281311383406679u },
+  { 11509021026396098440u, 1547425049106725343u }, { 16585914450600699399u, 1237940039285380274u },
+  { 15469416676735388068u, 1980704062856608439u }, { 16064882156130220778u, 1584563250285286751u },
+  {  9162556910162266299u, 1267650600228229401u }, {  7281393426775805432u, 2028240960365167042u },
+  { 16893161185646375315u, 1622592768292133633u }, {  2446482504291369283u, 1298074214633706907u },
+  {  7603720821608101175u, 2076918743413931051u }, {  2393627842544570617u, 1661534994731144841u },
+  { 16672297533003297786u, 1329227995784915872u }, { 11918280793837635165u, 2126764793255865396u },
+  {  5845275820328197809u, 1701411834604692317u }, { 15744267100488289217u, 1361129467683753853u },
+  {  3054734472329800808u, 2177807148294006166u }, { 17201182836831481939u, 1742245718635204932u },
+  {  6382248639981364905u, 1393796574908163946u }, {  2832900194486363201u, 2230074519853062314u },
+  {  5955668970331000884u, 1784059615882449851u }, {  1075186361522890384u, 1427247692705959881u },
+  { 12788344622662355584u, 2283596308329535809u }, { 13920024512871794791u, 1826877046663628647u },
+  {  3757321980813615186u, 1461501637330902918u }, { 10384555214134712795u, 1169201309864722334u },
+  {  5547241898389809503u, 1870722095783555735u }, {  4437793518711847602u, 1496577676626844588u },
+  { 10928932444453298728u, 1197262141301475670u }, { 17486291911125277965u, 1915619426082361072u },
+  {  6610335899416401726u, 1532495540865888858u }, { 12666966349016942027u, 1225996432692711086u },
+  { 12888448528943286597u, 1961594292308337738u }, { 17689456452638449924u, 1569275433846670190u },
+  { 14151565162110759939u, 1255420347077336152u }, {  7885109000409574610u, 2008672555323737844u },
+  {  9997436015069570011u, 1606938044258990275u }, {  7997948812055656009u, 1285550435407192220u },
+  { 12796718099289049614u, 2056880696651507552u }, {  2858676849947419045u, 1645504557321206042u },
+  { 13354987924183666206u, 1316403645856964833u }, { 17678631863951955605u, 2106245833371143733u },
+  {  3074859046935833515u, 1684996666696914987u }, { 13527933681774397782u, 1347997333357531989u },
+  { 10576647446613305481u, 2156795733372051183u }, { 15840015586774465031u, 1725436586697640946u },
+  {  8982663654677661702u, 1380349269358112757u }, { 18061610662226169046u, 2208558830972980411u },
+  { 10759939715039024913u, 1766847064778384329u }, { 12297300586773130254u, 1413477651822707463u },
+  { 15986332124095098083u, 2261564242916331941u }, {  9099716884534168143u, 1809251394333065553u },
+  { 14658471137111155161u, 1447401115466452442u }, {  4348079280205103483u, 1157920892373161954u },
+  { 14335624477811986218u, 1852673427797059126u }, {  7779150767507678651u, 1482138742237647301u },
+  {  2533971799264232598u, 1185710993790117841u }, { 15122401323048503126u, 1897137590064188545u },
+  { 12097921058438802501u, 1517710072051350836u }, {  5988988032009131678u, 1214168057641080669u },
+  { 16961078480698431330u, 1942668892225729070u }, { 13568862784558745064u, 1554135113780583256u },
+  {  7165741412905085728u, 1243308091024466605u }, { 11465186260648137165u, 1989292945639146568u },
+  { 16550846638002330379u, 1591434356511317254u }, { 16930026125143774626u, 1273147485209053803u },
+  {  4951948911778577463u, 2037035976334486086u }, {   272210314680951647u, 1629628781067588869u },
+  {  3907117066486671641u, 1303703024854071095u }, {  6251387306378674625u, 2085924839766513752u },
+  { 16069156289328670670u, 1668739871813211001u }, {  9165976216721026213u, 1334991897450568801u },
+  {  7286864317269821294u, 2135987035920910082u }, { 16897537898041588005u, 1708789628736728065u },
+  { 13518030318433270404u, 1367031702989382452u }, {  6871453250525591353u, 2187250724783011924u },
+  {  9186511415162383406u, 1749800579826409539u }, { 11038557946871817048u, 1399840463861127631u },
+  { 10282995085511086630u, 2239744742177804210u }, {  8226396068408869304u, 1791795793742243368u },
+  { 13959814484210916090u, 1433436634993794694u }, { 11267656730511734774u, 2293498615990071511u },
+  {  5324776569667477496u, 1834798892792057209u }, {  7949170070475892320u, 1467839114233645767u },
+  { 17427382500606444826u, 1174271291386916613u }, {  5747719112518849781u, 1878834066219066582u },
+  { 15666221734240810795u, 1503067252975253265u }, { 12532977387392648636u, 1202453802380202612u },
+  {  5295368560860596524u, 1923926083808324180u }, {  4236294848688477220u, 1539140867046659344u },
+  {  7078384693692692099u, 1231312693637327475u }, { 11325415509908307358u, 1970100309819723960u },
+  {  9060332407926645887u, 1576080247855779168u }, { 14626963555825137356u, 1260864198284623334u },
+  { 12335095245094488799u, 2017382717255397335u }, {  9868076196075591040u, 1613906173804317868u },
+  { 15273158586344293478u, 1291124939043454294u }, { 13369007293925138595u, 2065799902469526871u },
+  {  7005857020398200553u, 1652639921975621497u }, { 16672732060544291412u, 1322111937580497197u },
+  { 11918976037903224966u, 2115379100128795516u }, {  5845832015580669650u, 1692303280103036413u },
+  { 12055363241948356366u, 1353842624082429130u }, {   841837113407818570u, 2166148198531886609u },
+  {  4362818505468165179u, 1732918558825509287u }, { 14558301248600263113u, 1386334847060407429u },
+  { 12225235553534690011u, 2218135755296651887u }, {  2401490813343931363u, 1774508604237321510u },
+  {  1921192650675145090u, 1419606883389857208u }, { 17831303500047873437u, 2271371013423771532u },
+  {  6886345170554478103u, 1817096810739017226u }, {  1819727321701672159u, 1453677448591213781u },
+  { 16213177116328979020u, 1162941958872971024u }, { 14873036941900635463u, 1860707134196753639u },
+  { 15587778368262418694u, 1488565707357402911u }, {  8780873879868024632u, 1190852565885922329u },
+  {  2981351763563108441u, 1905364105417475727u }, { 13453127855076217722u, 1524291284333980581u },
+  {  7073153469319063855u, 1219433027467184465u }, { 11317045550910502167u, 1951092843947495144u },
+  { 12742985255470312057u, 1560874275157996115u }, { 10194388204376249646u, 1248699420126396892u },
+  {  1553625868034358140u, 1997919072202235028u }, {  8621598323911307159u, 1598335257761788022u },
+  { 17965325103354776697u, 1278668206209430417u }, { 13987124906400001422u, 2045869129935088668u },
+  {   121653480894270168u, 1636695303948070935u }, {    97322784715416134u, 1309356243158456748u },
+  { 14913111714512307107u, 2094969989053530796u }, {  8241140556867935363u, 1675975991242824637u },
+  { 17660958889720079260u, 1340780792994259709u }, { 17189487779326395846u, 2145249268790815535u },
+  { 13751590223461116677u, 1716199415032652428u }, { 18379969808252713988u, 1372959532026121942u },
+  { 14650556434236701088u, 2196735251241795108u }, {   652398703163629901u, 1757388200993436087u },
+  { 11589965406756634890u, 1405910560794748869u }, {  7475898206584884855u, 2249456897271598191u },
+  {  2291369750525997561u, 1799565517817278553u }, {  9211793429904618695u, 1439652414253822842u },
+  { 18428218302589300235u, 2303443862806116547u }, {  7363877012587619542u, 1842755090244893238u },
+  { 13269799239553916280u, 1474204072195914590u }, { 10615839391643133024u, 1179363257756731672u },
+  {  2227947767661371545u, 1886981212410770676u }, { 16539753473096738529u, 1509584969928616540u },
+  { 13231802778477390823u, 1207667975942893232u }, {  6413489186596184024u, 1932268761508629172u },
+  { 16198837793502678189u, 1545815009206903337u }, {  5580372605318321905u, 1236652007365522670u },
+  {  8928596168509315048u, 1978643211784836272u }, { 18210923379033183008u, 1582914569427869017u },
+  {  7190041073742725760u, 1266331655542295214u }, {   436019273762630246u, 2026130648867672343u },
+  {  7727513048493924843u, 1620904519094137874u }, {  9871359253537050198u, 1296723615275310299u },
+  {  4726128361433549347u, 2074757784440496479u }, {  7470251503888749801u, 1659806227552397183u },
+  { 13354898832594820487u, 1327844982041917746u }, { 13989140502667892133u, 2124551971267068394u },
+  { 14880661216876224029u, 1699641577013654715u }, { 11904528973500979224u, 1359713261610923772u },
+  {  4289851098633925465u, 2175541218577478036u }, { 18189276137874781665u, 1740432974861982428u },
+  {  3483374466074094362u, 1392346379889585943u }, {  1884050330976640656u, 2227754207823337509u },
+  {  5196589079523222848u, 1782203366258670007u }, { 15225317707844309248u, 1425762693006936005u },
+  {  5913764258841343181u, 2281220308811097609u }, {  8420360221814984868u, 1824976247048878087u },
+  { 17804334621677718864u, 1459980997639102469u }, { 17932816512084085415u, 1167984798111281975u },
+  { 10245762345624985047u, 1868775676978051161u }, {  4507261061758077715u, 1495020541582440929u },
+  {  7295157664148372495u, 1196016433265952743u }, {  7982903447895485668u, 1913626293225524389u },
+  { 10075671573058298858u, 1530901034580419511u }, {  4371188443704728763u, 1224720827664335609u },
+  { 14372599139411386667u, 1959553324262936974u }, { 15187428126271019657u, 1567642659410349579u },
+  { 15839291315758726049u, 1254114127528279663u }, {  3206773216762499739u, 2006582604045247462u },
+  { 13633465017635730761u, 1605266083236197969u }, { 14596120828850494932u, 1284212866588958375u },
+  {  4907049252451240275u, 2054740586542333401u }, {   236290587219081897u, 1643792469233866721u },
+  { 14946427728742906810u, 1315033975387093376u }, { 16535586736504830250u, 2104054360619349402u },
+  {  5849771759720043554u, 1683243488495479522u }, { 15747863852001765813u, 1346594790796383617u },
+  { 10439186904235184007u, 2154551665274213788u }, { 15730047152871967852u, 1723641332219371030u },
+  { 12584037722297574282u, 1378913065775496824u }, {  9066413911450387881u, 2206260905240794919u },
+  { 10942479943902220628u, 1765008724192635935u }, {  8753983955121776503u, 1412006979354108748u },
+  { 10317025513452932081u, 2259211166966573997u }, {   874922781278525018u, 1807368933573259198u },
+  {  8078635854506640661u, 1445895146858607358u }, { 13841606313089133175u, 1156716117486885886u },
+  { 14767872471458792434u, 1850745787979017418u }, {   746251532941302978u, 1480596630383213935u },
+  {   597001226353042382u, 1184477304306571148u }, { 15712597221132509104u, 1895163686890513836u },
+  {  8880728962164096960u, 1516130949512411069u }, { 10793931984473187891u, 1212904759609928855u },
+  { 17270291175157100626u, 1940647615375886168u }, {  2748186495899949531u, 1552518092300708935u },
+  {  2198549196719959625u, 1242014473840567148u }, { 18275073973719576693u, 1987223158144907436u },
+  { 10930710364233751031u, 1589778526515925949u }, { 12433917106128911148u, 1271822821212740759u },
+  {  8826220925580526867u, 2034916513940385215u }, {  7060976740464421494u, 1627933211152308172u },
+  { 16716827836597268165u, 1302346568921846537u }, { 11989529279587987770u, 2083754510274954460u },
+  {  9591623423670390216u, 1667003608219963568u }, { 15051996368420132820u, 1333602886575970854u },
+  { 13015147745246481542u, 2133764618521553367u }, {  3033420566713364587u, 1707011694817242694u },
+  {  6116085268112601993u, 1365609355853794155u }, {  9785736428980163188u, 2184974969366070648u },
+  { 15207286772667951197u, 1747979975492856518u }, {  1097782973908629988u, 1398383980394285215u },
+  {  1756452758253807981u, 2237414368630856344u }, {  5094511021344956708u, 1789931494904685075u },
+  {  4075608817075965366u, 1431945195923748060u }, {  6520974107321544586u, 2291112313477996896u },
+  {  1527430471115325346u, 1832889850782397517u }, { 12289990821117991246u, 1466311880625918013u },
+  { 17210690286378213644u, 1173049504500734410u }, {  9090360384495590213u, 1876879207201175057u },
+  { 18340334751822203140u, 1501503365760940045u }, { 14672267801457762512u, 1201202692608752036u },
+  { 16096930852848599373u, 1921924308174003258u }, {  1809498238053148529u, 1537539446539202607u },
+  { 12515645034668249793u, 1230031557231362085u }, {  1578287981759648052u, 1968050491570179337u },
+  { 12330676829633449412u, 1574440393256143469u }, { 13553890278448669853u, 1259552314604914775u },
+  {  3239480371808320148u, 2015283703367863641u }, { 17348979556414297411u, 1612226962694290912u },
+  {  6500486015647617283u, 1289781570155432730u }, { 10400777625036187652u, 2063650512248692368u },
+  { 15699319729512770768u, 1650920409798953894u }, { 16248804598352126938u, 1320736327839163115u },
+  {  7551343283653851484u, 2113178124542660985u }, {  6041074626923081187u, 1690542499634128788u },
+  { 12211557331022285596u, 1352433999707303030u }, {  1091747655926105338u, 2163894399531684849u },
+  {  4562746939482794594u, 1731115519625347879u }, {  7339546366328145998u, 1384892415700278303u },
+  {  8053925371383123274u, 2215827865120445285u }, {  6443140297106498619u, 1772662292096356228u },
+  { 12533209867169019542u, 1418129833677084982u }, {  5295740528502789974u, 2269007733883335972u },
+  { 15304638867027962949u, 1815206187106668777u }, {  4865013464138549713u, 1452164949685335022u },
+  { 14960057215536570740u, 1161731959748268017u }, {  9178696285890871890u, 1858771135597228828u },
+  { 14721654658196518159u, 1487016908477783062u }, {  4398626097073393881u, 1189613526782226450u },
+  {  7037801755317430209u, 1903381642851562320u }, {  5630241404253944167u, 1522705314281249856u },
+  {   814844308661245011u, 1218164251424999885u }, {  1303750893857992017u, 1949062802279999816u },
+  { 15800395974054034906u, 1559250241823999852u }, {  5261619149759407279u, 1247400193459199882u },
+  { 12107939454356961969u, 1995840309534719811u }, {  5997002748743659252u, 1596672247627775849u },
+  {  8486951013736837725u, 1277337798102220679u }, {  2511075177753209390u, 2043740476963553087u },
+  { 13076906586428298482u, 1634992381570842469u }, { 14150874083884549109u, 1307993905256673975u },
+  {  4194654460505726958u, 2092790248410678361u }, { 18113118827372222859u, 1674232198728542688u },
+  {  3422448617672047318u, 1339385758982834151u }, { 16543964232501006678u, 2143017214372534641u },
+  {  9545822571258895019u, 1714413771498027713u }, { 15015355686490936662u, 1371531017198422170u },
+  {  5577825024675947042u, 2194449627517475473u }, { 11840957649224578280u, 1755559702013980378u },
+  { 16851463748863483271u, 1404447761611184302u }, { 12204946739213931940u, 2247116418577894884u },
+  { 13453306206113055875u, 1797693134862315907u }, {  3383947335406624054u, 1438154507889852726u },
+  { 16482362180876329456u, 2301047212623764361u }, {  9496540929959153242u, 1840837770099011489u },
+  { 11286581558709232917u, 1472670216079209191u }, {  5339916432225476010u, 1178136172863367353u },
+  {  4854517476818851293u, 1885017876581387765u }, {  3883613981455081034u, 1508014301265110212u },
+  { 14174937629389795797u, 1206411441012088169u }, { 11611853762797942306u, 1930258305619341071u },
+  {  5600134195496443521u, 1544206644495472857u }, { 15548153800622885787u, 1235365315596378285u },
+  {  6430302007287065643u, 1976584504954205257u }, { 16212288050055383484u, 1581267603963364205u },
+  { 12969830440044306787u, 1265014083170691364u }, {  9683682259845159889u, 2024022533073106183u },
+  { 15125643437359948558u, 1619218026458484946u }, {  8411165935146048523u, 1295374421166787957u },
+  { 17147214310975587960u, 2072599073866860731u }, { 10028422634038560045u, 1658079259093488585u },
+  {  8022738107230848036u, 1326463407274790868u }, {  9147032156827446534u, 2122341451639665389u },
+  { 11006974540203867551u, 1697873161311732311u }, {  5116230817421183718u, 1358298529049385849u },
+  { 15564666937357714594u, 2173277646479017358u }, {  1383687105660440706u, 1738622117183213887u },
+  { 12174996128754083534u, 1390897693746571109u }, {  8411947361780802685u, 2225436309994513775u },
+  {  6729557889424642148u, 1780349047995611020u }, {  5383646311539713719u, 1424279238396488816u },
+  {  1235136468979721303u, 2278846781434382106u }, { 15745504434151418335u, 1823077425147505684u },
+  { 16285752362063044992u, 1458461940118004547u }, {  5649904260166615347u, 1166769552094403638u },
+  {  5350498001524674232u, 1866831283351045821u }, {   591049586477829062u, 1493465026680836657u },
+  { 11540886113407994219u, 1194772021344669325u }, {    18673707743239135u, 1911635234151470921u },
+  { 14772334225162232601u, 1529308187321176736u }, {  8128518565387875758u, 1223446549856941389u },
+  {  1937583260394870242u, 1957514479771106223u }, {  8928764237799716840u, 1566011583816884978u },
+  { 14521709019723594119u, 1252809267053507982u }, {  8477339172590109297u, 2004494827285612772u },
+  { 17849917782297818407u, 1603595861828490217u }, {  6901236596354434079u, 1282876689462792174u },
+  { 18420676183650915173u, 2052602703140467478u }, {  3668494502695001169u, 1642082162512373983u },
+  { 10313493231639821582u, 1313665730009899186u }, {  9122891541139893884u, 2101865168015838698u },
+  { 14677010862395735754u, 1681492134412670958u }, {   673562245690857633u, 1345193707530136767u }
+};
+
+static const uint64_t DOUBLE_POW5_SPLIT[DOUBLE_POW5_TABLE_SIZE][2] = {
+  {                    0u, 1152921504606846976u }, {                    0u, 1441151880758558720u },
+  {                    0u, 1801439850948198400u }, {                    0u, 2251799813685248000u },
+  {                    0u, 1407374883553280000u }, {                    0u, 1759218604441600000u },
+  {                    0u, 2199023255552000000u }, {                    0u, 1374389534720000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1717986918400000000u }, {                    0u, 2147483648000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1342177280000000000u }, {                    0u, 1677721600000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 2097152000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1310720000000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1638400000000000000u }, {                    0u, 2048000000000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1280000000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1600000000000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 2000000000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1250000000000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1562500000000000000u }, {                    0u, 1953125000000000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1220703125000000000u }, {                    0u, 1525878906250000000u },
+  {                    0u, 1907348632812500000u }, {                    0u, 1192092895507812500u },
+  {                    0u, 1490116119384765625u }, {  4611686018427387904u, 1862645149230957031u },
+  {  9799832789158199296u, 1164153218269348144u }, { 12249790986447749120u, 1455191522836685180u },
+  { 15312238733059686400u, 1818989403545856475u }, { 14528612397897220096u, 2273736754432320594u },
+  { 13692068767113150464u, 1421085471520200371u }, { 12503399940464050176u, 1776356839400250464u },
+  { 15629249925580062720u, 2220446049250313080u }, {  9768281203487539200u, 1387778780781445675u },
+  {  7598665485932036096u, 1734723475976807094u }, {   274959820560269312u, 2168404344971008868u },
+  {  9395221924704944128u, 1355252715606880542u }, {  2520655369026404352u, 1694065894508600678u },
+  { 12374191248137781248u, 2117582368135750847u }, { 14651398557727195136u, 1323488980084844279u },
+  { 13702562178731606016u, 1654361225106055349u }, {  3293144668132343808u, 2067951531382569187u },
+  { 18199116482078572544u, 1292469707114105741u }, {  8913837547316051968u, 1615587133892632177u },
+  { 15753982952572452864u, 2019483917365790221u }, { 12152082354571476992u, 1262177448353618888u },
+  { 15190102943214346240u, 1577721810442023610u }, {  9764256642163156992u, 1972152263052529513u },
+  { 17631875447420442880u, 1232595164407830945u }, {  8204786253993389888u, 1540743955509788682u },
+  {  1032610780636961552u, 1925929944387235853u }, {  2951224747111794922u, 1203706215242022408u },
+  {  3689030933889743652u, 1504632769052528010u }, { 13834660704216955373u, 1880790961315660012u },
+  { 17870034976990372916u, 1175494350822287507u }, { 17725857702810578241u, 1469367938527859384u },
+  {  3710578054803671186u, 1836709923159824231u }, {    26536550077201078u, 2295887403949780289u },
+  { 11545800389866720434u, 1434929627468612680u }, { 14432250487333400542u, 1793662034335765850u },
+  {  8816941072311974870u, 2242077542919707313u }, { 17039803216263454053u, 1401298464324817070u },
+  { 12076381983474541759u, 1751623080406021338u }, {  5872105442488401391u, 2189528850507526673u },
+  { 15199280947623720629u, 1368455531567204170u }, {  9775729147674874978u, 1710569414459005213u },
+  { 16831347453020981627u, 2138211768073756516u }, {  1296220121283337709u, 1336382355046097823u },
+  { 15455333206886335848u, 1670477943807622278u }, { 10095794471753144002u, 2088097429759527848u },
+  {  6309871544845715001u, 1305060893599704905u }, { 12499025449484531656u, 1631326116999631131u },
+  { 11012095793428276666u, 2039157646249538914u }, { 11494245889320060820u, 1274473528905961821u },
+  {   532749306367912313u, 1593091911132452277u }, {  5277622651387278295u, 1991364888915565346u },
+  {  7910200175544436838u, 1244603055572228341u }, { 14499436237857933952u, 1555753819465285426u },
+  {  8900923260467641632u, 1944692274331606783u }, { 12480606065433357876u, 1215432671457254239u },
+  { 10989071563364309441u, 1519290839321567799u }, {  9124653435777998898u, 1899113549151959749u },
+  {  8008751406574943263u, 1186945968219974843u }, {  5399253239791291175u, 1483682460274968554u },
+  { 15972438586593889776u, 1854603075343710692u }, {   759402079766405302u, 1159126922089819183u },
+  { 14784310654990170340u, 1448908652612273978u }, {  9257016281882937117u, 1811135815765342473u },
+  { 16182956370781059300u, 2263919769706678091u }, {  7808504722524468110u, 1414949856066673807u },
+  {  5148944884728197234u, 1768687320083342259u }, {  1824495087482858639u, 2210859150104177824u },
+  {  1140309429676786649u, 1381786968815111140u }, {  1425386787095983311u, 1727233711018888925u },
+  {  6393419502297367043u, 2159042138773611156u }, { 13219259225790630210u, 1349401336733506972u },
+  { 16524074032238287762u, 1686751670916883715u }, { 16043406521870471799u, 2108439588646104644u },
+  {   803757039314269066u, 1317774742903815403u }, { 14839754354425000045u, 1647218428629769253u },
+  {  4714634887749086344u, 2059023035787211567u }, {  9864175832484260821u, 1286889397367007229u },
+  { 16941905809032713930u, 1608611746708759036u }, {  2730638187581340797u, 2010764683385948796u },
+  { 10930020904093113806u, 1256727927116217997u }, { 18274212148543780162u, 1570909908895272496u },
+  {  4396021111970173586u, 1963637386119090621u }, {  5053356204195052443u, 1227273366324431638u },
+  { 15540067292098591362u, 1534091707905539547u }, { 14813398096695851299u, 1917614634881924434u },
+  { 13870059828862294966u, 1198509146801202771u }, { 12725888767650480803u, 1498136433501503464u },
+  { 15907360959563101004u, 1872670541876879330u }, { 14553786618154326031u, 1170419088673049581u },
+  {  4357175217410743827u, 1463023860841311977u }, { 10058155040190817688u, 1828779826051639971u },
+  {  7961007781811134206u, 2285974782564549964u }, { 14199001900486734687u, 1428734239102843727u },
+  { 13137066357181030455u, 1785917798878554659u }, { 11809646928048900164u, 2232397248598193324u },
+  { 16604401366885338411u, 1395248280373870827u }, { 16143815690179285109u, 1744060350467338534u },
+  { 10956397575869330579u, 2180075438084173168u }, {  6847748484918331612u, 1362547148802608230u },
+  { 17783057643002690323u, 1703183936003260287u }, { 17617136035325974999u, 2128979920004075359u },
+  { 17928239049719816230u, 1330612450002547099u }, { 17798612793722382384u, 1663265562503183874u },
+  { 13024893955298202172u, 2079081953128979843u }, {  5834715712847682405u, 1299426220705612402u },
+  { 16516766677914378815u, 1624282775882015502u }, { 11422586310538197711u, 2030353469852519378u },
+  { 11750802462513761473u, 1268970918657824611u }, { 10076817059714813937u, 1586213648322280764u },
+  { 12596021324643517422u, 1982767060402850955u }, {  5566670318688504437u, 1239229412751781847u },
+  {  2346651879933242642u, 1549036765939727309u }, {  7545000868343941206u, 1936295957424659136u },
+  {  4715625542714963254u, 1210184973390411960u }, {  5894531928393704067u, 1512731216738014950u },
+  { 16591536947346905892u, 1890914020922518687u }, { 17287239619732898039u, 1181821263076574179u },
+  { 16997363506238734644u, 1477276578845717724u }, {  2799960309088866689u, 1846595723557147156u },
+  { 10973347230035317489u, 1154122327223216972u }, { 13716684037544146861u, 1442652909029021215u },
+  { 12534169028502795672u, 1803316136286276519u }, { 11056025267201106687u, 2254145170357845649u },
+  { 18439230838069161439u, 1408840731473653530u }, { 13825666510731675991u, 1761050914342066913u },
+  {  3447025083132431277u, 2201313642927583642u }, {  6766076695385157452u, 1375821026829739776u },
+  {  8457595869231446815u, 1719776283537174720u }, { 10571994836539308519u, 2149720354421468400u },
+  {  6607496772837067824u, 1343575221513417750u }, { 17482743002901110588u, 1679469026891772187u },
+  { 17241742735199000331u, 2099336283614715234u }, { 15387775227926763111u, 1312085177259197021u },
+  {  5399660979626290177u, 1640106471573996277u }, { 11361262242960250625u, 2050133089467495346u },
+  { 11712474920277544544u, 1281333180917184591u }, { 10028907631919542777u, 1601666476146480739u },
+  {  7924448521472040567u, 2002083095183100924u }, { 14176152362774801162u, 1251301934489438077u },
+  {  3885132398186337741u, 1564127418111797597u }, {  9468101516160310080u, 1955159272639746996u },
+  { 15140935484454969608u, 1221974545399841872u }, {   479425281859160394u, 1527468181749802341u },
+  {  5210967620751338397u, 1909335227187252926u }, { 17091912818251750210u, 1193334516992033078u },
+  { 12141518985959911954u, 1491668146240041348u }, { 15176898732449889943u, 1864585182800051685u },
+  { 11791404716994875166u, 1165365739250032303u }, { 10127569877816206054u, 1456707174062540379u },
+  {  8047776328842869663u, 1820883967578175474u }, {   836348374198811271u, 2276104959472719343u },
+  {  7440246761515338900u, 1422565599670449589u }, { 13911994470321561530u, 1778206999588061986u },
+  {  8166621051047176104u, 2222758749485077483u }, {  2798295147690791113u, 1389224218428173427u },
+  { 17332926989895652603u, 1736530273035216783u }, { 17054472718942177850u, 2170662841294020979u },
+  {  8353202440125167204u, 1356664275808763112u }, { 10441503050156459005u, 1695830344760953890u },
+  {  3828506775840797949u, 2119787930951192363u }, {    86973725686804766u, 1324867456844495227u },
+  { 13943775212390669669u, 1656084321055619033u }, {  3594660960206173375u, 2070105401319523792u },
+  {  2246663100128858359u, 1293815875824702370u }, { 12031700912015848757u, 1617269844780877962u },
+  {  5816254103165035138u, 2021587305976097453u }, {  5941001823691840913u, 1263492066235060908u },
+  {  7426252279614801142u, 1579365082793826135u }, {  4671129331091113523u, 1974206353492282669u },
+  {  5225298841145639904u, 1233878970932676668u }, {  6531623551432049880u, 1542348713665845835u },
+  {  3552843420862674446u, 1927935892082307294u }, { 16055585193321335241u, 1204959932551442058u },
+  { 10846109454796893243u, 1506199915689302573u }, { 18169322836923504458u, 1882749894611628216u },
+  { 11355826773077190286u, 1176718684132267635u }, {  9583097447919099954u, 1470898355165334544u },
+  { 11978871809898874942u, 1838622943956668180u }, { 14973589762373593678u, 2298278679945835225u },
+  {  2440964573842414192u, 1436424174966147016u }, {  3051205717303017741u, 1795530218707683770u },
+  { 13037379183483547984u, 2244412773384604712u }, {  8148361989677217490u, 1402757983365377945u },
+  { 14797138505523909766u, 1753447479206722431u }, { 13884737113477499304u, 2191809349008403039u },
+  { 15595489723564518921u, 1369880843130251899u }, { 14882676136028260747u, 1712351053912814874u },
+  {  9379973133180550126u, 2140438817391018593u }, { 17391698254306313589u, 1337774260869386620u },
+  {  3292878744173340370u, 1672217826086733276u }, {  4116098430216675462u, 2090272282608416595u },
+  {   266718509671728212u, 1306420176630260372u }, {   333398137089660265u, 1633025220787825465u },
+  {  5028433689789463235u, 2041281525984781831u }, { 10060300083759496378u, 1275800953740488644u },
+  { 12575375104699370472u, 1594751192175610805u }, {  1884160825592049379u, 1993438990219513507u },
+  { 17318501580490888525u, 1245899368887195941u }, {  7813068920331446945u, 1557374211108994927u },
+  {  5154650131986920777u, 1946717763886243659u }, {   915813323278131534u, 1216698602428902287u },
+  { 14979824709379828129u, 1520873253036127858u }, {  9501408849870009354u, 1901091566295159823u },
+  { 12855909558809837702u, 1188182228934474889u }, {  2234828893230133415u, 1485227786168093612u },
+  {  2793536116537666769u, 1856534732710117015u }, {  8663489100477123587u, 1160334207943823134u },
+  {  1605989338741628675u, 1450417759929778918u }, { 11230858710281811652u, 1813022199912223647u },
+  {  9426887369424876662u, 2266277749890279559u }, { 12809333633531629769u, 1416423593681424724u },
+  { 16011667041914537212u, 1770529492101780905u }, {  6179525747111007803u, 2213161865127226132u },
+  { 13085575628799155685u, 1383226165704516332u }, { 16356969535998944606u, 1729032707130645415u },
+  { 15834525901571292854u, 2161290883913306769u }, {  2979049660840976177u, 1350806802445816731u },
+  { 17558870131333383934u, 1688508503057270913u }, {  8113529608884566205u, 2110635628821588642u },
+  {  9682642023980241782u, 1319147268013492901u }, { 16714988548402690132u, 1648934085016866126u },
+  { 11670363648648586857u, 2061167606271082658u }, { 11905663298832754689u, 1288229753919426661u },
+  {  1047021068258779650u, 1610287192399283327u }, { 15143834390605638274u, 2012858990499104158u },
+  {  4853210475701136017u, 1258036869061940099u }, {  1454827076199032118u, 1572546086327425124u },
+  {  1818533845248790147u, 1965682607909281405u }, {  3442426662494187794u, 1228551629943300878u },
+  { 13526405364972510550u, 1535689537429126097u }, {  3072948650933474476u, 1919611921786407622u },
+  { 15755650962115585259u, 1199757451116504763u }, { 15082877684217093670u, 1499696813895630954u },
+  {  9630225068416591280u, 1874621017369538693u }, {  8324733676974063502u, 1171638135855961683u },
+  {  5794231077790191473u, 1464547669819952104u }, {  7242788847237739342u, 1830684587274940130u },
+  { 18276858095901949986u, 2288355734093675162u }, { 16034722328366106645u, 1430222333808546976u },
+  {  1596658836748081690u, 1787777917260683721u }, {  6607509564362490017u, 2234722396575854651u },
+  {  1823850468512862308u, 1396701497859909157u }, {  6891499104068465790u, 1745876872324886446u },
+  { 17837745916940358045u, 2182346090406108057u }, {  4231062170446641922u, 1363966306503817536u },
+  {  5288827713058302403u, 1704957883129771920u }, {  6611034641322878003u, 2131197353912214900u },
+  { 13355268687681574560u, 1331998346195134312u }, { 16694085859601968200u, 1664997932743917890u },
+  { 11644235287647684442u, 2081247415929897363u }, {  4971804045566108824u, 1300779634956185852u },
+  {  6214755056957636030u, 1625974543695232315u }, {  3156757802769657134u, 2032468179619040394u },
+  {  6584659645158423613u, 1270292612261900246u }, { 17454196593302805324u, 1587865765327375307u },
+  { 17206059723201118751u, 1984832206659219134u }, {  6142101308573311315u, 1240520129162011959u },
+  {  3065940617289251240u, 1550650161452514949u }, {  8444111790038951954u, 1938312701815643686u },
+  {   665883850346957067u, 1211445438634777304u }, {   832354812933696334u, 1514306798293471630u },
+  { 10263815553021896226u, 1892883497866839537u }, { 17944099766707154901u, 1183052186166774710u },
+  { 13206752671529167818u, 1478815232708468388u }, { 16508440839411459773u, 1848519040885585485u },
+  { 12623618533845856310u, 1155324400553490928u }, { 15779523167307320387u, 1444155500691863660u },
+  {  1277659885424598868u, 1805194375864829576u }, {  1597074856780748586u, 2256492969831036970u },
+  {  5609857803915355770u, 1410308106144398106u }, { 16235694291748970521u, 1762885132680497632u },
+  {  1847873790976661535u, 2203606415850622041u }, { 12684136165428883219u, 1377254009906638775u },
+  { 11243484188358716120u, 1721567512383298469u }, {   219297180166231438u, 2151959390479123087u },
+  {  7054589765244976505u, 1344974619049451929u }, { 13429923224983608535u, 1681218273811814911u },
+  { 12175718012802122765u, 2101522842264768639u }, { 14527352785642408584u, 1313451776415480399u },
+  { 13547504963625622826u, 1641814720519350499u }, { 12322695186104640628u, 2052268400649188124u },
+  { 16925056528170176201u, 1282667750405742577u }, {  7321262604930556539u, 1603334688007178222u },
+  { 18374950293017971482u, 2004168360008972777u }, {  4566814905495150320u, 1252605225005607986u },
+  { 14931890668723713708u, 1565756531257009982u }, {  9441491299049866327u, 1957195664071262478u },
+  {  1289246043478778550u, 1223247290044539049u }, {  6223243572775861092u, 1529059112555673811u },
+  {  3167368447542438461u, 1911323890694592264u }, {  1979605279714024038u, 1194577431684120165u },
+  {  7086192618069917952u, 1493221789605150206u }, { 18081112809442173248u, 1866527237006437757u },
+  { 13606538515115052232u, 1166579523129023598u }, {  7784801107039039482u, 1458224403911279498u },
+  {   507629346944023544u, 1822780504889099373u }, {  5246222702107417334u, 2278475631111374216u },
+  {  3278889188817135834u, 1424047269444608885u }, {  8710297504448807696u, 1780059086805761106u }
+};
+
+// IEEE 754 double precision constants
+#define DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS 52
+#define DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS 11
+#define DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS 1023
+
+// Helper: floor(log2(value)) using ryu_leading_zeros64
+static inline uint32_t floor_log2(const uint64_t value) {
+  return 63 - ryu_leading_zeros64(value);
+}
+
+// Helper: log2(5^e) approximation
+static inline int32_t log2pow5(const int32_t e) {
+  return (int32_t) ((((uint32_t) e) * 1217359) >> 19);
+}
+
+// Helper: ceil(log2(5^e))
+static inline int32_t ceil_log2pow5(const int32_t e) {
+  return log2pow5(e) + 1;
+}
+
+// Helper: max of two int32
+static inline int32_t max32(int32_t a, int32_t b) {
+  return a < b ? b : a;
+}
+
+// Helper: convert uint64 bits to double
+static inline double int64Bits2Double(uint64_t bits) {
+  double f;
+  memcpy(&f, &bits, sizeof(double));
+  return f;
+}
+
+// Check if value is multiple of 2^p
+static inline bool multipleOfPowerOf2(const uint64_t value, const uint32_t p) {
+  return (value & ((1ull << p) - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+// Count how many times value is divisible by 5
+// Uses modular inverse to avoid expensive division
+static inline uint32_t pow5Factor(uint64_t value) {
+  const uint64_t m_inv_5 = 14757395258967641293u; // 5 * m_inv_5 = 1 (mod 2^64)
+  const uint64_t n_div_5 = 3689348814741910323u;  // 2^64 / 5
+  uint32_t count = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    value *= m_inv_5;
+    if (value > n_div_5)
+      break;
+    ++count;
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+// Check if value is multiple of 5^p
+// Optimized: uses modular inverse instead of division
+static inline bool multipleOfPowerOf5(const uint64_t value, const uint32_t p) {
+  return pow5Factor(value) >= p;
+}
+
+// 128-bit multiplication with shift
+// This is the core operation for converting decimal to binary
+#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+// Use native 128-bit integers if available (GCC/Clang)
+static inline uint64_t mulShift64(const uint64_t m, const uint64_t* const mul, const int32_t j) {
+  const unsigned __int128 b0 = ((unsigned __int128) m) * mul[0];
+  const unsigned __int128 b2 = ((unsigned __int128) m) * mul[1];
+  return (uint64_t) (((b0 >> 64) + b2) >> (j - 64));
+}
+#else
+// Fallback for systems without 128-bit integers
+static inline uint64_t umul128(const uint64_t a, const uint64_t b, uint64_t* const productHi) {
+  const uint32_t aLo = (uint32_t)a;
+  const uint32_t aHi = (uint32_t)(a >> 32);
+  const uint32_t bLo = (uint32_t)b;
+  const uint32_t bHi = (uint32_t)(b >> 32);
+
+  const uint64_t b00 = (uint64_t)aLo * bLo;
+  const uint64_t b01 = (uint64_t)aLo * bHi;
+  const uint64_t b10 = (uint64_t)aHi * bLo;
+  const uint64_t b11 = (uint64_t)aHi * bHi;
+
+  const uint32_t b00Lo = (uint32_t)b00;
+  const uint32_t b00Hi = (uint32_t)(b00 >> 32);
+
+  const uint64_t mid1 = b10 + b00Hi;
+  const uint32_t mid1Lo = (uint32_t)(mid1);
+  const uint32_t mid1Hi = (uint32_t)(mid1 >> 32);
+
+  const uint64_t mid2 = b01 + mid1Lo;
+  const uint32_t mid2Lo = (uint32_t)(mid2);
+  const uint32_t mid2Hi = (uint32_t)(mid2 >> 32);
+
+  const uint64_t pHi = b11 + mid1Hi + mid2Hi;
+  const uint64_t pLo = ((uint64_t)mid2Lo << 32) | b00Lo;
+
+  *productHi = pHi;
+  return pLo;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t shiftright128(const uint64_t lo, const uint64_t hi, const uint32_t dist) {
+  return (hi << (64 - dist)) | (lo >> dist);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t mulShift64(const uint64_t m, const uint64_t* const mul, const int32_t j) {
+  uint64_t high1;
+  const uint64_t low1 = umul128(m, mul[1], &high1);
+  uint64_t high0;
+  umul128(m, mul[0], &high0);
+  const uint64_t sum = high0 + low1;
+  if (sum < high0) {
+    ++high1;
+  }
+  return shiftright128(sum, high1, j - 64);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Main conversion function: decimal mantissa+exponent to IEEE 754 double
+// Optimized for JSON parsing with fast paths for edge cases
+static inline double ryu_s2d_from_parts(uint64_t m10, int m10digits, int32_t e10, bool signedM) {
+  // Fast path: handle zero explicitly (e.g., "0.0", "0e0")
+  if (m10 == 0) {
+    return int64Bits2Double(((uint64_t) signedM) << 63);
+  }
+
+  // Fast path: handle overflow/underflow early
+  if (m10digits + e10 <= -324) {
+    // Underflow to zero
+    return int64Bits2Double(((uint64_t) signedM) << 63);
+  }
+
+  if (m10digits + e10 >= 310) {
+    // Overflow to infinity
+    return int64Bits2Double((((uint64_t) signedM) << 63) | 0x7ff0000000000000ULL);
+  }
+
+  // Convert decimal to binary: m10 * 10^e10 = m2 * 2^e2
+  int32_t e2;
+  uint64_t m2;
+  bool trailingZeros;
+
+  if (e10 >= 0) {
+    // Positive exponent: multiply by 5^e10 and adjust binary exponent
+    e2 = floor_log2(m10) + e10 + log2pow5(e10) - (DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS + 1);
+    int j = e2 - e10 - ceil_log2pow5(e10) + DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT;
+    m2 = mulShift64(m10, DOUBLE_POW5_SPLIT[e10], j);
+    trailingZeros = e2 < e10 || (e2 - e10 < 64 && multipleOfPowerOf2(m10, e2 - e10));
+  } else {
+    // Negative exponent: divide by 5^(-e10)
+    e2 = floor_log2(m10) + e10 - ceil_log2pow5(-e10) - (DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS + 1);
+    int j = e2 - e10 + ceil_log2pow5(-e10) - 1 + DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT;
+    m2 = mulShift64(m10, DOUBLE_POW5_INV_SPLIT[-e10], j);
+    trailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(m10, -e10);
+  }
+
+  // Compute IEEE 754 exponent
+  uint32_t ieee_e2 = (uint32_t) max32(0, e2 + DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS + floor_log2(m2));
+
+  if (ieee_e2 > 0x7fe) {
+    // Overflow to infinity
+    return int64Bits2Double((((uint64_t) signedM) << 63) | 0x7ff0000000000000ULL);
+  }
+
+  // Compute shift amount for rounding
+  int32_t shift = (ieee_e2 == 0 ? 1 : ieee_e2) - e2 - DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BIAS - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS;
+
+  // IEEE 754 round-to-even (banker's rounding)
+  trailingZeros &= (m2 & ((1ull << (shift - 1)) - 1)) == 0;
+  uint64_t lastRemovedBit = (m2 >> (shift - 1)) & 1;
+  bool roundUp = (lastRemovedBit != 0) && (!trailingZeros || (((m2 >> shift) & 1) != 0));
+
+  uint64_t ieee_m2 = (m2 >> shift) + roundUp;
+  ieee_m2 &= (1ull << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) - 1;
+
+  if (ieee_m2 == 0 && roundUp) {
+    ieee_e2++;
+  }
+
+  // Pack sign, exponent, and mantissa into IEEE 754 format
+  // Match original Ryu: group sign+exponent, then shift and add mantissa
+  uint64_t ieee = (((((uint64_t) signedM) << DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS) | (uint64_t)ieee_e2) << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) | ieee_m2;
+  return int64Bits2Double(ieee);
+}
+
+#endif // RYU_H
diff --git a/ext/monitor/depend b/ext/monitor/depend
deleted file mode 100644
index bc7ead0d32..0000000000
--- a/ext/monitor/depend
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
-monitor.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
-monitor.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
-monitor.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
-monitor.o: monitor.c
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/monitor/extconf.rb b/ext/monitor/extconf.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 78c53fa0c5..0000000000
--- a/ext/monitor/extconf.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require 'mkmf'
-create_makefile('monitor')
diff --git a/ext/monitor/lib/monitor.rb b/ext/monitor/lib/monitor.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 82d0a75c56..0000000000
--- a/ext/monitor/lib/monitor.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: false
-# = monitor.rb
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2001  Shugo Maeda <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-#
-# This library is distributed under the terms of the Ruby license.
-# You can freely distribute/modify this library.
-#
-
-require 'monitor.so'
-
-#
-# In concurrent programming, a monitor is an object or module intended to be
-# used safely by more than one thread. The defining characteristic of a
-# monitor is that its methods are executed with mutual exclusion. That is, at
-# each point in time, at most one thread may be executing any of its methods.
-# This mutual exclusion greatly simplifies reasoning about the implementation
-# of monitors compared to reasoning about parallel code that updates a data
-# structure.
-#
-# You can read more about the general principles on the Wikipedia page for
-# Monitors[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_%28synchronization%29].
-#
-# == Examples
-#
-# === Simple object.extend
-#
-#   require 'monitor.rb'
-#
-#   buf = []
-#   buf.extend(MonitorMixin)
-#   empty_cond = buf.new_cond
-#
-#   # consumer
-#   Thread.start do
-#     loop do
-#       buf.synchronize do
-#         empty_cond.wait_while { buf.empty? }
-#         print buf.shift
-#       end
-#     end
-#   end
-#
-#   # producer
-#   while line = ARGF.gets
-#     buf.synchronize do
-#       buf.push(line)
-#       empty_cond.signal
-#     end
-#   end
-#
-# The consumer thread waits for the producer thread to push a line to buf
-# while <tt>buf.empty?</tt>. The producer thread (main thread) reads a
-# line from ARGF and pushes it into buf then calls <tt>empty_cond.signal</tt>
-# to notify the consumer thread of new data.
-#
-# === Simple Class include
-#
-#   require 'monitor'
-#
-#   class SynchronizedArray < Array
-#
-#     include MonitorMixin
-#
-#     def initialize(*args)
-#       super(*args)
-#     end
-#
-#     alias :old_shift :shift
-#     alias :old_unshift :unshift
-#
-#     def shift(n=1)
-#       self.synchronize do
-#         self.old_shift(n)
-#       end
-#     end
-#
-#     def unshift(item)
-#       self.synchronize do
-#         self.old_unshift(item)
-#       end
-#     end
-#
-#     # other methods ...
-#   end
-#
-# +SynchronizedArray+ implements an Array with synchronized access to items.
-# This Class is implemented as subclass of Array which includes the
-# MonitorMixin module.
-#
-module MonitorMixin
-  #
-  # FIXME: This isn't documented in Nutshell.
-  #
-  # Since MonitorMixin.new_cond returns a ConditionVariable, and the example
-  # above calls while_wait and signal, this class should be documented.
-  #
-  class ConditionVariable
-    #
-    # Releases the lock held in the associated monitor and waits; reacquires the lock on wakeup.
-    #
-    # If +timeout+ is given, this method returns after +timeout+ seconds passed,
-    # even if no other thread doesn't signal.
-    #
-    def wait(timeout = nil)
-      @monitor.mon_check_owner
-      @monitor.wait_for_cond(@cond, timeout)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Calls wait repeatedly while the given block yields a truthy value.
-    #
-    def wait_while
-      while yield
-        wait
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Calls wait repeatedly until the given block yields a truthy value.
-    #
-    def wait_until
-      until yield
-        wait
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Wakes up the first thread in line waiting for this lock.
-    #
-    def signal
-      @monitor.mon_check_owner
-      @cond.signal
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Wakes up all threads waiting for this lock.
-    #
-    def broadcast
-      @monitor.mon_check_owner
-      @cond.broadcast
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def initialize(monitor) # :nodoc:
-      @monitor = monitor
-      @cond = Thread::ConditionVariable.new
-    end
-  end
-
-  def self.extend_object(obj) # :nodoc:
-    super(obj)
-    obj.__send__(:mon_initialize)
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Attempts to enter exclusive section.  Returns +false+ if lock fails.
-  #
-  def mon_try_enter
-    @mon_data.try_enter
-  end
-  # For backward compatibility
-  alias try_mon_enter mon_try_enter
-
-  #
-  # Enters exclusive section.
-  #
-  def mon_enter
-    @mon_data.enter
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Leaves exclusive section.
-  #
-  def mon_exit
-    mon_check_owner
-    @mon_data.exit
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Returns true if this monitor is locked by any thread
-  #
-  def mon_locked?
-    @mon_data.mon_locked?
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Returns true if this monitor is locked by current thread.
-  #
-  def mon_owned?
-    @mon_data.mon_owned?
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Enters exclusive section and executes the block.  Leaves the exclusive
-  # section automatically when the block exits.  See example under
-  # +MonitorMixin+.
-  #
-  def mon_synchronize(&b)
-    @mon_data.synchronize(&b)
-  end
-  alias synchronize mon_synchronize
-
-  #
-  # Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the
-  # Monitor object.
-  #
-  def new_cond
-    unless defined?(@mon_data)
-      mon_initialize
-      @mon_initialized_by_new_cond = true
-    end
-    return ConditionVariable.new(@mon_data)
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  # Use <tt>extend MonitorMixin</tt> or <tt>include MonitorMixin</tt> instead
-  # of this constructor.  Have look at the examples above to understand how to
-  # use this module.
-  def initialize(...)
-    super
-    mon_initialize
-  end
-
-  # Initializes the MonitorMixin after being included in a class or when an
-  # object has been extended with the MonitorMixin
-  def mon_initialize
-    if defined?(@mon_data)
-      if defined?(@mon_initialized_by_new_cond)
-        return # already initialized.
-      elsif @mon_data_owner_object_id == self.object_id
-        raise ThreadError, "already initialized"
-      end
-    end
-    @mon_data = ::Monitor.new
-    @mon_data_owner_object_id = self.object_id
-  end
-
-  # Ensures that the MonitorMixin is owned by the current thread,
-  # otherwise raises an exception.
-  def mon_check_owner
-    @mon_data.mon_check_owner
-  end
-end
-
-# Use the Monitor class when you want to have a lock object for blocks with
-# mutual exclusion.
-#
-#   require 'monitor'
-#
-#   lock = Monitor.new
-#   lock.synchronize do
-#     # exclusive access
-#   end
-#
-class Monitor
-  #
-  # Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the
-  # Monitor object.
-  #
-  def new_cond
-    ::MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable.new(self)
-  end
-
-  # for compatibility
-  alias try_mon_enter try_enter
-  alias mon_try_enter try_enter
-  alias mon_enter enter
-  alias mon_exit exit
-  alias mon_synchronize synchronize
-end
-
-# Documentation comments:
-#  - All documentation comes from Nutshell.
-#  - MonitorMixin.new_cond appears in the example, but is not documented in
-#    Nutshell.
-#  - All the internals (internal modules Accessible and Initializable, class
-#    ConditionVariable) appear in RDoc.  It might be good to hide them, by
-#    making them private, or marking them :nodoc:, etc.
-#  - RDoc doesn't recognise aliases, so we have mon_synchronize documented, but
-#    not synchronize.
-#  - mon_owner is in Nutshell, but appears as an accessor in a separate module
-#    here, so is hard/impossible to RDoc.  Some other useful accessors
-#    (mon_count and some queue stuff) are also in this module, and don't appear
-#    directly in the RDoc output.
-#  - in short, it may be worth changing the code layout in this file to make the
-#    documentation easier
diff --git a/ext/monitor/monitor.c b/ext/monitor/monitor.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 819c6e7699..0000000000
--- a/ext/monitor/monitor.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-
-/* Thread::Monitor */
-
-struct rb_monitor {
-    long count;
-    const VALUE owner;
-    const VALUE mutex;
-};
-
-static void
-monitor_mark(void *ptr)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = ptr;
-    rb_gc_mark(mc->owner);
-    rb_gc_mark(mc->mutex);
-}
-
-static size_t
-monitor_memsize(const void *ptr)
-{
-    return sizeof(struct rb_monitor);
-}
-
-static const rb_data_type_t monitor_data_type = {
-    "monitor",
-    {monitor_mark, RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, monitor_memsize,},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY|RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
-};
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_alloc(VALUE klass)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc;
-    VALUE obj;
-
-    obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct rb_monitor, &monitor_data_type, mc);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &mc->mutex, rb_mutex_new());
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &mc->owner, Qnil);
-    mc->count = 0;
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-static struct rb_monitor *
-monitor_ptr(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(monitor, struct rb_monitor, &monitor_data_type, mc);
-    return mc;
-}
-
-static int
-mc_owner_p(struct rb_monitor *mc)
-{
-    return mc->owner == rb_fiber_current();
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   try_enter -> true or false
- *
- * Attempts to enter exclusive section.  Returns +false+ if lock fails.
- */
-static VALUE
-monitor_try_enter(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-
-    if (!mc_owner_p(mc)) {
-        if (!rb_mutex_trylock(mc->mutex)) {
-            return Qfalse;
-        }
-        RB_OBJ_WRITE(monitor, &mc->owner, rb_fiber_current());
-        mc->count = 0;
-    }
-    mc->count += 1;
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   enter -> nil
- *
- * Enters exclusive section.
- */
-static VALUE
-monitor_enter(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-    if (!mc_owner_p(mc)) {
-        rb_mutex_lock(mc->mutex);
-        RB_OBJ_WRITE(monitor, &mc->owner, rb_fiber_current());
-        mc->count = 0;
-    }
-    mc->count++;
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-monitor_check_owner(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-    if (!mc_owner_p(mc)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "current fiber not owner");
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   exit -> nil
- *
- * Leaves exclusive section.
- */
-static VALUE
-monitor_exit(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    monitor_check_owner(monitor);
-
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-
-    if (mc->count <= 0) rb_bug("monitor_exit: count:%d", (int)mc->count);
-    mc->count--;
-
-    if (mc->count == 0) {
-        RB_OBJ_WRITE(monitor, &mc->owner, Qnil);
-        rb_mutex_unlock(mc->mutex);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-monitor_locked_p(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-    return rb_mutex_locked_p(mc->mutex);
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-monitor_owned_p(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-    return (rb_mutex_locked_p(mc->mutex) && mc_owner_p(mc)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_exit_for_cond(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(monitor);
-    long cnt = mc->count;
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(monitor, &mc->owner, Qnil);
-    mc->count = 0;
-    return LONG2NUM(cnt);
-}
-
-struct wait_for_cond_data {
-    VALUE monitor;
-    VALUE cond;
-    VALUE timeout;
-    VALUE count;
-};
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_wait_for_cond_body(VALUE v)
-{
-    struct wait_for_cond_data *data = (struct wait_for_cond_data *)v;
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(data->monitor);
-    // cond.wait(monitor.mutex, timeout)
-    VALUE signaled = rb_funcall(data->cond, rb_intern("wait"), 2, mc->mutex, data->timeout);
-    return RTEST(signaled) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_enter_for_cond(VALUE v)
-{
-    // assert(rb_mutex_owned_p(mc->mutex) == Qtrue)
-    // but rb_mutex_owned_p is not exported...
-
-    struct wait_for_cond_data *data = (struct wait_for_cond_data *)v;
-    struct rb_monitor *mc = monitor_ptr(data->monitor);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(data->monitor, &mc->owner, rb_fiber_current());
-    mc->count = NUM2LONG(data->count);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-monitor_wait_for_cond(VALUE monitor, VALUE cond, VALUE timeout)
-{
-    VALUE count = monitor_exit_for_cond(monitor);
-    struct wait_for_cond_data data = {
-        monitor,
-        cond,
-        timeout,
-        count,
-    };
-
-    return rb_ensure(monitor_wait_for_cond_body, (VALUE)&data,
-                     monitor_enter_for_cond, (VALUE)&data);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_sync_body(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    return rb_yield_values(0);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-monitor_sync_ensure(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    return monitor_exit(monitor);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   synchronize { } -> result of the block
- *
- * Enters exclusive section and executes the block.  Leaves the exclusive
- * section automatically when the block exits.  See example under
- * +MonitorMixin+.
- */
-static VALUE
-monitor_synchronize(VALUE monitor)
-{
-    monitor_enter(monitor);
-    return rb_ensure(monitor_sync_body, monitor, monitor_sync_ensure, monitor);
-}
-
-void
-Init_monitor(void)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
-#endif
-
-    VALUE rb_cMonitor = rb_define_class("Monitor", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cMonitor, monitor_alloc);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "try_enter", monitor_try_enter, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "enter", monitor_enter, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "exit", monitor_exit, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "synchronize", monitor_synchronize, 0);
-
-    /* internal methods for MonitorMixin */
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "mon_locked?", monitor_locked_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "mon_check_owner", monitor_check_owner, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "mon_owned?", monitor_owned_p, 0);
-
-    /* internal methods for MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable */
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMonitor, "wait_for_cond", monitor_wait_for_cond, 2);
-}
diff --git a/ext/objspace/depend b/ext/objspace/depend
index a02168b06a..d9dfc0c42b 100644
--- a/ext/objspace/depend
+++ b/ext/objspace/depend
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 object_tracing.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -177,14 +178,17 @@ object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 object_tracing.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
@@ -340,6 +344,7 @@ objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 objspace.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -386,6 +391,7 @@ objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -393,7 +399,9 @@ objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 objspace.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
@@ -552,6 +560,7 @@ objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -593,10 +602,12 @@ objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/constant.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/debug_counter.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/class.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -605,8 +616,10 @@ objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
diff --git a/ext/objspace/object_tracing.c b/ext/objspace/object_tracing.c
index 0156642ef2..1c18bf02ee 100644
--- a/ext/objspace/object_tracing.c
+++ b/ext/objspace/object_tracing.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ newobj_i(VALUE tpval, void *data)
     VALUE klass = rb_tracearg_defined_class(tparg);
     struct allocation_info *info;
     const char *path_cstr = RTEST(path) ? make_unique_str(arg->str_table, RSTRING_PTR(path), RSTRING_LEN(path)) : 0;
-    VALUE class_path = (RTEST(klass) && !OBJ_FROZEN(klass)) ? rb_class_path_cached(klass) : Qnil;
+    VALUE class_path = (RTEST(klass) && !OBJ_FROZEN(klass)) ? rb_mod_name(klass) : Qnil;
     const char *class_path_cstr = RTEST(class_path) ? make_unique_str(arg->str_table, RSTRING_PTR(class_path), RSTRING_LEN(class_path)) : 0;
     st_data_t v;
 
@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ allocation_info_tracer_compact_update_object_table_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t va
     st_table *table = (st_table *)data;
 
     if (!rb_gc_pointer_to_heap_p(key)) {
+        struct allocation_info *info = (struct allocation_info *)value;
+        xfree(info);
         return ST_DELETE;
     }
 
@@ -411,6 +413,13 @@ object_allocations_reporter(FILE *out, void *ptr)
     fprintf(out, "== object_allocations_reporter: END\n");
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq: trace_object_allocations_debug_start
+ *
+ * Starts tracing object allocations for GC debugging.
+ * If you encounter the BUG "... is T_NONE" (and so on) on your
+ * application, please try this method at the beginning of your app.
+ */
 static VALUE
 trace_object_allocations_debug_start(VALUE self)
 {
diff --git a/ext/objspace/objspace.c b/ext/objspace/objspace.c
index 0ead94713a..38bffb07f7 100644
--- a/ext/objspace/objspace.c
+++ b/ext/objspace/objspace.c
@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@
  *  information as only a *HINT*. Especially, the size of +T_DATA+ may not be
  *  correct.
  *
- *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
+ *  This method is only expected to work with CRuby.
  *
- *  From Ruby 2.2, memsize_of(obj) returns a memory size includes
- *  sizeof(RVALUE).
+ *  From Ruby 3.2 with Variable Width Allocation, it returns the actual slot
+ *  size used plus any additional memory allocated outside the slot (such
+ *  as external strings, arrays, or hash tables).
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -107,28 +108,24 @@ each_object_with_flags(each_obj_with_flags cb, void *ctx)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all([klass]) -> Integer
+ *    ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all(klass = nil) -> integer
  *
- *  Return consuming memory size of all living objects in bytes.
+ *  Returns the total memory size of all living objects in bytes.
  *
- *  If +klass+ (should be Class object) is given, return the total memory size
- *  of instances of the given class.
+ *    ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all # => 12502001
  *
- *  Note that the returned size is incomplete. You need to deal with this
- *  information as only a *HINT*. Especially, the size of +T_DATA+ may not be
- *  correct.
+ *  If +klass+ is given (which must be a Class or Module), returns the total
+ *  memory size of objects whose class is, or is a subclass, of +klass+.
  *
- *  Note that this method does *NOT* return total malloc'ed memory size.
+ *    class MyClass; end
+ *    ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all(MyClass) # => 0
+ *    o = MyClass.new
+ *    ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all(MyClass) # => 40
  *
- *  This method can be defined by the following Ruby code:
- *
- *	def memsize_of_all klass = false
- *  	  total = 0
- *  	  ObjectSpace.each_object{|e|
- *  	    total += ObjectSpace.memsize_of(e) if klass == false || e.kind_of?(klass)
- *  	  }
- *  	  total
- *  	end
+ *  Note that the value returned may be an underestimate of the actual amount
+ *  of memory used. Therefore, the value returned should only be used as a hint,
+ *  rather than a source of truth. In particular, the size of +T_DATA+ objects may
+ *  not be correct.
  *
  *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
@@ -140,6 +137,7 @@ memsize_of_all_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     if (argc > 0) {
         rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &data.klass);
+        if (!NIL_P(data.klass)) rb_obj_is_kind_of(Qnil, data.klass);
     }
 
     each_object_with_flags(total_i, &data);
@@ -223,23 +221,26 @@ type2sym(enum ruby_value_type i)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    ObjectSpace.count_objects_size([result_hash]) -> hash
+ *    ObjectSpace.count_objects_size(result_hash = {}) -> result_hash
  *
  *  Counts objects size (in bytes) for each type.
  *
- *  Note that this information is incomplete.  You need to deal with
- *  this information as only a *HINT*.  Especially, total size of
- *  T_DATA may be wrong.
+ *  Note that the returned size may not be accurate, so it should only
+ *  be used as a hint. Specifically, the size for +T_DATA+ may be
+ *  inaccurate because these are custom objects defined in Ruby and
+ *  native extensions and so they may not accurately report their
+ *  memory size.
  *
- *  It returns a hash as:
- *    {:TOTAL=>1461154, :T_CLASS=>158280, :T_MODULE=>20672, :T_STRING=>527249, ...}
+ *  It returns a hash that looks like:
  *
- *  If the optional argument, result_hash, is given,
- *  it is overwritten and returned.
- *  This is intended to avoid probe effect.
+ *    {TOTAL: 1461154, T_CLASS: 158280, T_MODULE: 20672, T_STRING: 527249, ...}
  *
- *  The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined.
- *  It may be changed in future.
+ *  The contents of the returned hash are implementation specific and
+ *  may be changed in future versions without notice.
+ *
+ *  If the optional argument, +result_hash+, is given,
+ *  it is overwritten and returned.
+ *  This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
  *
  *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
@@ -294,28 +295,27 @@ size_t rb_sym_immortal_count(void);
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.count_symbols([result_hash]) -> hash
+ *     ObjectSpace.count_symbols(result_hash = nil) -> hash
  *
- *  Counts symbols for each Symbol type.
+ *  Returns a hash containing the number of objects for each Symbol type.
  *
- *  This method is only for MRI developers interested in performance and memory
- *  usage of Ruby programs.
+ *  The types of Symbols are the following:
  *
- *  If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and
- *  returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
+ *  - +mortal_dynamic_symbol+: Symbols that are garbage collectable.
+ *  - +immortal_dynamic_symbol+: Symbols that are objects allocated from the
+ *    garbage collector, but are not garbage collectable.
+ *  - +immortal_static_symbol+: Symbols that are not allocated from the
+ *    garbage collector, and are thus not garbage collectable.
+ *  - +immortal_symbol+: the sum of +immortal_dynamic_symbol+ and +immortal_static_symbol+.
  *
- *  Note:
- *  The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined.
- *  It may be changed in future.
+ *  If the optional argument +result_hash+ is given, it is overwritten and
+ *  returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
  *
- *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
+ *  This method is intended for developers interested in performance and memory
+ *  usage of Ruby programs. The contents of the returned hash is implementation
+ *  specific and may change in the future.
  *
- *  On this version of MRI, they have 3 types of Symbols (and 1 total counts).
- *
- *   * mortal_dynamic_symbol: GC target symbols (collected by GC)
- *   * immortal_dynamic_symbol: Immortal symbols promoted from dynamic symbols (do not collected by GC)
- *   * immortal_static_symbol: Immortal symbols (do not collected by GC)
- *   * immortal_symbol: total immortal symbols (immortal_dynamic_symbol+immortal_static_symbol)
+ *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -335,35 +335,6 @@ count_symbols(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
     return hash;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.count_nodes([result_hash]) -> hash
- *
- *  Counts nodes for each node type.
- *
- *  This method is only for MRI developers interested in performance and memory
- *  usage of Ruby programs.
- *
- *  It returns a hash as:
- *
- *	{:NODE_METHOD=>2027, :NODE_FBODY=>1927, :NODE_CFUNC=>1798, ...}
- *
- *  If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and
- *  returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
- *
- *  Note:
- *  The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined.
- *  It may be changed in future.
- *
- *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-count_nodes(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
-{
-    return setup_hash(argc, argv);
-}
-
 static void
 cto_i(VALUE v, void *data)
 {
@@ -393,32 +364,22 @@ cto_i(VALUE v, void *data)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects([result_hash]) -> hash
- *
- *  Counts objects for each +T_DATA+ type.
- *
- *  This method is only for MRI developers interested in performance and memory
- *  usage of Ruby programs.
- *
- *  It returns a hash as:
+ *     ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects(result_hash = nil) -> hash
  *
- *	{RubyVM::InstructionSequence=>504, :parser=>5, :barrier=>6,
- *  	 :mutex=>6, Proc=>60, RubyVM::Env=>57, Mutex=>1, Encoding=>99,
- *  	 ThreadGroup=>1, Binding=>1, Thread=>1, RubyVM=>1, :iseq=>1,
- *  	 Random=>1, ARGF.class=>1, Data=>1, :autoload=>3, Time=>2}
- *  	# T_DATA objects existing at startup on r32276.
+ *  Returns a hash containing the number of objects for each +T_DATA+ type.
+ *  The keys are Class objects when the +T_DATA+ object has an associated class,
+ *  or Symbol objects of the name defined in the +rb_data_type_struct+ for internal
+ *  +T_DATA+ objects.
  *
- *  If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and
- *  returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
+ *    ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects
+ *    # => {RBS::Location => 39255, marshal_compat_table: 1, Encoding => 103, mutex: 1, ... }
  *
- *  The contents of the returned hash is implementation specific and may change
- *  in the future.
+ *  If the optional argument +result_hash+ is given, it is overwritten and
+ *  returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
  *
- *  In this version, keys are Class object or Symbol object.
- *
- *  If object is kind of normal (accessible) object, the key is Class object.
- *  If object is not a kind of normal (internal) object, the key is symbol
- *  name, registered by rb_data_type_struct.
+ *  This method is intended for developers interested in performance and memory
+ *  usage of Ruby programs. The contents of the returned hash is implementation
+ *  specific and may change in the future.
  *
  *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
@@ -457,28 +418,22 @@ count_imemo_objects_i(VALUE v, void *data)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.count_imemo_objects([result_hash]) -> hash
- *
- *  Counts objects for each +T_IMEMO+ type.
- *
- *  This method is only for MRI developers interested in performance and memory
- *  usage of Ruby programs.
+ *     ObjectSpace.count_imemo_objects(result_hash = nil) -> hash
  *
- *  It returns a hash as:
+ *  Returns a hash containing the number of objects for each +T_IMEMO+ type.
+ *  The keys are Symbol objects of the +T_IMEMO+ type name.
+ *  +T_IMEMO+ objects are Ruby internal objects that are not visible to Ruby
+ *  programs.
  *
- *       {:imemo_ifunc=>8,
- *        :imemo_svar=>7,
- *        :imemo_cref=>509,
- *        :imemo_memo=>1,
- *        :imemo_throw_data=>1}
+ *    ObjectSpace.count_imemo_objects
+ *    # => {imemo_callcache: 5482, imemo_constcache: 1258, imemo_ment: 13906, ... }
  *
- *  If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and
- *  returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
+ *  If the optional argument +result_hash+ is given, it is overwritten and
+ *  returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
  *
- *  The contents of the returned hash is implementation specific and may change
- *  in the future.
- *
- *  In this version, keys are symbol objects.
+ *  This method is intended for developers interested in performance and memory
+ *  usage of Ruby programs. The contents of the returned hash is implementation
+ *  specific and may change in the future.
  *
  *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
@@ -499,11 +454,13 @@ count_imemo_objects(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_ment);
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_iseq);
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_tmpbuf);
-        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_ast);
-        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_parser_strterm);
+        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_cvar_entry);
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_callinfo);
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_callcache);
         INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_constcache);
+        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_fields);
+        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_subclasses);
+        INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID(imemo_cdhash);
 #undef INIT_IMEMO_TYPE_ID
     }
 
@@ -602,42 +559,37 @@ collect_values(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
  *  call-seq:
  *     ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(obj) -> array or nil
  *
- *  [MRI specific feature] Return all reachable objects from `obj'.
+ *  Returns all reachable objects from +obj+ as an array:
  *
- *  This method returns all reachable objects from `obj'.
+ *      ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+ *      #=> [Array, 'a', 'b', 'c']
  *
- *  If `obj' has two or more references to the same object `x', then returned
- *  array only includes one `x' object.
+ *  The returned array is deduplicated, meaning that if +obj+ refers
+ *  to another object more than once, it will only be added to the array
+ *  once:
  *
- *  If `obj' is a non-markable (non-heap management) object such as true,
- *  false, nil, symbols and Fixnums (and Flonum) then it simply returns nil.
+ *      ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from([v = 'a', v, v])
+ *      #=> [Array, 'a']
  *
- *  If `obj' has references to an internal object, then it returns instances of
- *  ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class. This object contains a reference
- *  to an internal object and you can check the type of internal object with
- *  `type' method.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +obj+ is not a markable object (i.e. non-heap
+ *  managed) object. Non-markable objects include +true+, +false+,
+ *  +nil+, certain symbols, small integers, and floats:
  *
- *  If `obj' is instance of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class, then this
- *  method returns all reachable object from an internal object, which is
- *  pointed by `obj'.
+ *      ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(1)
+ *      #=> nil
  *
- *  With this method, you can find memory leaks.
+ *  All references to internal objects in the returned array are wrapped
+ *  using ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper objects. This object contains
+ *  a reference to the internal object and the type of the object can
+ *  be accessed using the ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper#type method.
  *
- *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
+ *  If +obj+ is instance of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper, then this
+ *  method returns all reachable object from the internal object.
  *
- *  Example:
- *    ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'b', 'c'])
- *    #=> [Array, 'a', 'b', 'c']
- *
- *    ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'a', 'a'])
- *    #=> [Array, 'a', 'a', 'a'] # all 'a' strings have different object id
- *
- *    ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from([v = 'a', v, v])
- *    #=> [Array, 'a']
- *
- *    ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(1)
- *    #=> nil # 1 is not markable (heap managed) object
+ *  This method is useful for debugging purposes, such as finding
+ *  memory leaks.
  *
+ *  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -792,7 +744,7 @@ objspace_internal_super_of(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
       case T_MODULE:
       case T_CLASS:
       case T_ICLASS:
-        super = RCLASS_SUPER(obj);
+        super = rb_class_super_of(obj);
         break;
       default:
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "class or module is expected");
@@ -834,7 +786,6 @@ Init_objspace(void)
 
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "count_objects_size", count_objects_size, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "count_symbols", count_symbols, -1);
-    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "count_nodes", count_nodes, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "count_tdata_objects", count_tdata_objects, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "count_imemo_objects", count_imemo_objects, -1);
 
diff --git a/ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c b/ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c
index 139612526f..68ada01af3 100644
--- a/ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c
+++ b/ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include "ruby/util.h"
 #include "ruby/io.h"
 #include "vm_callinfo.h"
-#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "vm_sync.h"
 
 RUBY_EXTERN const char ruby_hexdigits[];
 
@@ -394,9 +394,10 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
 
     dc->cur_obj = obj;
     dc->cur_obj_references = 0;
-    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NODE || BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_IMEMO) {
+    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NODE || (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_IMEMO && !IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_fields))) {
         dc->cur_obj_klass = 0;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         dc->cur_obj_klass = RBASIC_CLASS(obj);
     }
 
@@ -414,9 +415,11 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
     dump_append(dc, obj_type(obj));
     dump_append(dc, "\"");
 
-    size_t shape_id = rb_shape_get_shape_id(obj);
-    dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_id\":");
-    dump_append_sizet(dc, shape_id);
+    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) != T_IMEMO || IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_fields)) {
+        size_t shape_id = rb_obj_shape_id(obj) & SHAPE_ID_OFFSET_MASK;
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_id\":");
+        dump_append_sizet(dc, shape_id);
+    }
 
     dump_append(dc, ", \"slot_size\":");
     dump_append_sizet(dc, dc->cur_page_slot_size);
@@ -448,13 +451,16 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
             break;
 
           case imemo_callcache:
-            mid = vm_cc_cme((const struct rb_callcache *)obj)->called_id;
-            if (mid != 0) {
-                dump_append(dc, ", \"called_id\":");
-                dump_append_id(dc, mid);
-
+            {
                 VALUE klass = ((const struct rb_callcache *)obj)->klass;
-                if (klass != 0) {
+                if (klass != Qundef) {
+                    mid = vm_cc_cme((const struct rb_callcache *)obj)->called_id;
+                    if (mid != 0) {
+                        dump_append(dc, ", \"called_id\":");
+                        dump_append_id(dc, mid);
+
+                    }
+
                     dump_append(dc, ", \"receiver_class\":");
                     dump_append_ref(dc, klass);
                 }
@@ -537,7 +543,7 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
 
       case T_CLASS:
         dump_append(dc, ", \"variation_count\":");
-        dump_append_d(dc, RCLASS_EXT(obj)->variation_count);
+        dump_append_d(dc, rb_class_variation_count(obj));
 
       case T_MODULE:
         if (rb_class_get_superclass(obj)) {
@@ -560,17 +566,22 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
                 }
             }
 
-            if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(obj)) {
+            if (rb_class_singleton_p(obj)) {
                 dump_append(dc, ", \"singleton\":true");
             }
         }
         break;
 
       case T_DATA:
-        if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
+        {
+            const rb_data_type_t *type = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
             dump_append(dc, ", \"struct\":\"");
-            dump_append(dc, RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name);
+            dump_append(dc, type->wrap_struct_name);
             dump_append(dc, "\"");
+            if (!(type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY) &&
+                    type->function.dfree != RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE) {
+                dump_append(dc, ", \"free_immediately\":false");
+            }
         }
         break;
 
@@ -581,14 +592,14 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
         break;
 
       case T_OBJECT:
-        if (FL_TEST(obj, ROBJECT_EMBED)) {
+        if (!FL_TEST_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_HEAP)) {
             dump_append(dc, ", \"embedded\":true");
         }
 
         dump_append(dc, ", \"ivars\":");
-        dump_append_lu(dc, ROBJECT_IV_COUNT(obj));
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            dump_append(dc, ", \"too_complex_shape\":true");
+        dump_append_lu(dc, ROBJECT_FIELDS_COUNT(obj));
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+            dump_append(dc, ", \"complex_shape\":true");
         }
         break;
 
@@ -636,11 +647,6 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
         dump_append_sizet(dc, memsize);
     }
 
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)) {
-        dump_append(dc, ", \"object_id\":");
-        dump_append_lu(dc, RB_NUM2ULONG(rb_obj_id(obj)));
-    }
-
     struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *gc_metadata = rb_gc_object_metadata(obj);
     for (int i = 0; gc_metadata[i].name != 0; i++) {
         if (i == 0) {
@@ -770,15 +776,16 @@ dump_result(struct dump_config *dc)
     return dc->given_output;
 }
 
-/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
-objspace_dump(VALUE os, VALUE obj, VALUE output)
+dump_locked(void *args_p)
 {
     struct dump_config dc = {0,};
+    VALUE obj = ((VALUE*)args_p)[0];
+    VALUE output = ((VALUE*)args_p)[1];
+
     if (!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
         dc.cur_page_slot_size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj);
     }
-
     dump_output(&dc, output, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
 
     dump_object(obj, &dc);
@@ -786,69 +793,73 @@ objspace_dump(VALUE os, VALUE obj, VALUE output)
     return dump_result(&dc);
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+objspace_dump(VALUE os, VALUE obj, VALUE output)
+{
+    VALUE args[2];
+    args[0] = obj;
+    args[1] = output;
+    return rb_vm_lock_with_barrier(dump_locked, (void*)args);
+}
+
 static void
-shape_i(rb_shape_t *shape, void *data)
+shape_id_i(shape_id_t shape_id, void *data)
 {
     struct dump_config *dc = (struct dump_config *)data;
 
-    size_t shape_id = rb_shape_id(shape);
     if (shape_id < dc->shapes_since) {
         return;
     }
 
     dump_append(dc, "{\"address\":");
-    dump_append_ref(dc, (VALUE)shape);
+    dump_append_ref(dc, (VALUE)RSHAPE(shape_id));
 
     dump_append(dc, ", \"type\":\"SHAPE\", \"id\":");
     dump_append_sizet(dc, shape_id);
 
-    if (shape->type != SHAPE_ROOT) {
+    if (RSHAPE_TYPE(shape_id) != SHAPE_ROOT) {
         dump_append(dc, ", \"parent_id\":");
-        dump_append_lu(dc, shape->parent_id);
+        dump_append_lu(dc, RSHAPE_PARENT_OFFSET(shape_id));
     }
 
     dump_append(dc, ", \"depth\":");
-    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_depth(shape));
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_depth(shape_id));
 
-    dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_type\":");
-    switch((enum shape_type)shape->type) {
+    switch (RSHAPE_TYPE(shape_id)) {
       case SHAPE_ROOT:
-        dump_append(dc, "\"ROOT\"");
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_type\":\"ROOT\"");
         break;
       case SHAPE_IVAR:
-        dump_append(dc, "\"IVAR\"");
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_type\":\"IVAR\"");
 
         dump_append(dc, ",\"edge_name\":");
-        dump_append_id(dc, shape->edge_name);
+        dump_append_id(dc, RSHAPE_EDGE_NAME(shape_id));
 
         break;
-      case SHAPE_FROZEN:
-        dump_append(dc, "\"FROZEN\"");
-        break;
-      case SHAPE_T_OBJECT:
-        dump_append(dc, "\"T_OBJECT\"");
-        break;
-      case SHAPE_OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX:
-        dump_append(dc, "\"OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX\"");
+      case SHAPE_OBJ_ID:
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_type\":\"OBJ_ID\"");
         break;
-      default:
-        rb_bug("[objspace] unexpected shape type");
     }
 
     dump_append(dc, ", \"edges\":");
-    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_edges_count(shape));
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_edges_count(shape_id));
 
     dump_append(dc, ", \"memsize\":");
-    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_memsize(shape));
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_memsize(shape_id));
 
     dump_append(dc, "}\n");
 }
 
-/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
-objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
+dump_all_locked(void *args_p)
 {
     struct dump_config dc = {0,};
+    VALUE output = ((VALUE*)args_p)[0];
+    VALUE full = ((VALUE*)args_p)[1];
+    VALUE since = ((VALUE*)args_p)[2];
+    VALUE shapes = ((VALUE*)args_p)[3];
+
     dump_output(&dc, output, full, since, shapes);
 
     if (!dc.partial_dump || dc.since == 0) {
@@ -858,7 +869,7 @@ objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
     }
 
     if (RTEST(shapes)) {
-        rb_shape_each_shape(shape_i, &dc);
+        rb_shape_each_shape_id(shape_id_i, &dc);
     }
 
     /* dump all objects */
@@ -869,17 +880,41 @@ objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
-objspace_dump_shapes(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE shapes)
+objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
+{
+    VALUE args[4];
+    args[0] = output;
+    args[1] = full;
+    args[2] = since;
+    args[3] = shapes;
+    return rb_vm_lock_with_barrier(dump_all_locked, (void*)args);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dump_shapes_locked(void *args_p)
 {
     struct dump_config dc = {0,};
+    VALUE output = ((VALUE*)args_p)[0];
+    VALUE shapes = ((VALUE*)args_p)[1];
+
     dump_output(&dc, output, Qfalse, Qnil, shapes);
 
     if (RTEST(shapes)) {
-        rb_shape_each_shape(shape_i, &dc);
+        rb_shape_each_shape_id(shape_id_i, &dc);
     }
     return dump_result(&dc);
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+objspace_dump_shapes(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE shapes)
+{
+    VALUE args[2];
+    args[0] = output;
+    args[1] = shapes;
+    return rb_vm_lock_with_barrier(dump_shapes_locked, (void*)args);
+}
+
 void
 Init_objspace_dump(VALUE rb_mObjSpace)
 {
@@ -887,6 +922,9 @@ Init_objspace_dump(VALUE rb_mObjSpace)
 #if 0
     rb_mObjSpace = rb_define_module("ObjectSpace"); /* let rdoc know */
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE(true);
+#endif
 
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump", objspace_dump, 2);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump_all", objspace_dump_all, 4);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/History.md b/ext/openssl/History.md
index ad3417f9d0..ce01b3e0f2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/History.md
+++ b/ext/openssl/History.md
@@ -1,3 +1,132 @@
+Version 4.0.2
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.2.4 and 3.3.3.
+
+
+Version 4.0.1
+=============
+
+Notable changes
+---------------
+
+* Add `sync_close` keyword argument to `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new` as a
+  short-hand for setting `sync_close` attribute on the created `SSLSocket`
+  instance.
+  [[GitHub #955]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/issues/955)
+  [[GitHub #996]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/996)
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+* Fix uninitialized variables in `OpenSSL::OCSP::BasicResponse#status`.
+  [[GitHub #1004]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/1004)
+
+
+Version 4.0.0
+=============
+
+Compatibility
+-------------
+
+* Ruby >= 2.7
+* OpenSSL >= 1.1.1, LibreSSL >= 3.9, and AWS-LC 1.66.0
+  - Removed support for OpenSSL 1.0.2-1.1.0 and LibreSSL 3.1-3.8.
+    [[GitHub #835]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/issues/835)
+  - Added support for AWS-LC.
+    [[GitHub #833]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/issues/833)
+
+
+Notable changes
+---------------
+
+* `OpenSSL::SSL`
+  - Reduce overhead when writing to `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket`. `#syswrite` no
+    longer creates a temporary String object.
+    [[GitHub #831]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/831)
+  - Make `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=` and `#max_version=` wrap the
+    corresponding OpenSSL APIs directly, and remove the fallback to SSL options.
+    [[GitHub #849]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/849)
+  - Add `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#sigalgs=` and `#client_sigalgs=` for
+    specifying signature algorithms to use for connections.
+    [[GitHub #895]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/895)
+  - Rename `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ecdh_curves=` to `#groups=` following
+    the underlying OpenSSL API rename. This method is no longer specific to
+    ECDHE. The old method remains as an alias.
+    [[GitHub #900]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/900)
+  - Add `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#sigalg`, `#peer_sigalg`, and `#group` for
+    getting the signature algorithm and the key agreement group used in the
+    current connection.
+    [[GitHub #908]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/908)
+  - Enable `SSL_CTX_set_dh_auto()` for servers by default.
+    [[GitHub #924]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/924)
+  - Improve Ractor compatibility. Note that the internal-use constant
+    `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::DEFAULT_PARAMS` is now frozen.
+    [[GitHub #925]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/925)
+* `OpenSSL::PKey`
+  - Remove `OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point#mul` support with array arguments. The
+    underlying OpenSSL API has been removed, and the method has been deprecated
+    since ruby/openssl v3.0.0.
+    [[GitHub #843]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/843)
+  - `OpenSSL::PKey::{RSA,DSA,DH}#params` uses `nil` to indicate missing fields
+    instead of the number `0`.
+    [[GitHub #774]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/774)
+  - Unify `OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError` classes. The former subclasses
+    `OpenSSL::PKey::DHError`, `OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError`,
+    `OpenSSL::PKey::ECError`, and `OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError` have been merged
+    into a single class.
+    [[GitHub #929]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/929)
+* `OpenSSL::Cipher`
+  - `OpenSSL::Cipher#encrypt` and `#decrypt` no longer accept arguments.
+    Passing passwords has been deprecated since Ruby 1.8.2 (released in 2004).
+    [[GitHub #887]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/887)
+  - `OpenSSL::Cipher#final` raises `OpenSSL::Cipher::AuthTagError` when the
+    integrity check fails for AEAD ciphers. `OpenSSL::Cipher::AuthTagError` is a
+    new subclass of `OpenSSL::Cipher::CipherError`, which was previously raised.
+    [[GitHub #939]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/939)
+  - `OpenSSL::Cipher.new` now raises `OpenSSL::Cipher::CipherError` instead of
+    `RuntimeError` when OpenSSL does not recognize the algorithm.
+    [[GitHub #958]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/958)
+  - Add support for "fetched" cipher algorithms with OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
+    [[GitHub #958]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/958)
+* `OpenSSL::Digest`
+  - `OpenSSL::Digest.new` now raises `OpenSSL::Digest::DigestError` instead of
+    `RuntimeError` when OpenSSL does not recognize the algorithm.
+    [[GitHub #958]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/958)
+  - Add support for "fetched" digest algorithms with OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
+    [[GitHub #958]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/958)
+* `OpenSSL::ASN1.decode` now assumes a 1950-2049 year range for `UTCTime`
+  according to RFC 5280. It previously used a 1969-2068 range. The encoder
+  has always used the 1950-2049 range.
+  [[GitHub #909]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/909)
+* `OpenSSL::OpenSSLError`, the base class for all ruby/openssl errors, carry
+  an additional attribute `#errors` to keep the content of OpenSSL's error
+  queue. Also, add `#detailed_message` for Ruby 3.2 or later.
+  [[GitHub #976]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/976)
+* `OpenSSL::PKCS7.new` raises `OpenSSL::PKCS7::PKCS7Error` instead of
+  `ArgumentError` on error to be consistent with other constructors.
+  [[GitHub #983]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/983)
+
+
+Version 3.3.3
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.2.4.
+
+
+Version 3.3.2
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.1.3 and 3.2.3.
+
+
+Version 3.3.1
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.1.2 and 3.2.2.
+
+
 Version 3.3.0
 =============
 
@@ -74,6 +203,28 @@ And various non-user-visible changes and bug fixes. Please see the commit
 history for more details.
 
 
+Version 3.2.4
+=============
+
+Notable changes
+---------------
+
+* Add support for OpenSSL 4.0.
+  [[GitHub #1051]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/1051)
+
+
+Version 3.2.3
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.1.3.
+
+
+Version 3.2.2
+=============
+
+Merged changes in 3.1.2.
+
+
 Version 3.2.1
 =============
 
@@ -120,6 +271,33 @@ Notable changes
   [[GitHub #141]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/141)
 
 
+Version 3.1.3
+=============
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+* Fix missing NULL check for `EVP_PKEY_get0()` functions with OpenSSL 3.x.
+  [[GitHub #957]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/957)
+
+
+Version 3.1.2
+=============
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+* Fix crash when attempting to export an incomplete `OpenSSL::PKey::DSA` key.
+  [[GitHub #845]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/issues/845)
+  [[GitHub #847]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/847)
+* Remove the `OpenSSL::X509::V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL` flag from the default store
+  used by `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#set_params`. It causes certificate
+  verification to fail with OpenSSL 3.6.0. It has no effect with any other
+  OpenSSL versions.
+  [[GitHub #949]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/issues/949)
+  [[GitHub #950]](https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/950)
+
+
 Version 3.1.1
 =============
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/depend b/ext/openssl/depend
index 0a8800a94a..435f4a1c68 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/depend
+++ b/ext/openssl/depend
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -338,6 +339,7 @@ ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_asn1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -534,6 +536,7 @@ ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_bio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -730,6 +733,7 @@ ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_bn.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -926,6 +930,7 @@ ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_cipher.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1122,6 +1127,7 @@ ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_config.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1318,6 +1324,7 @@ ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_digest.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1514,6 +1521,7 @@ ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_engine.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1710,6 +1718,7 @@ ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_hmac.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1906,6 +1915,7 @@ ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_kdf.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2102,6 +2112,7 @@ ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_ns_spki.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2298,6 +2309,7 @@ ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_ocsp.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2494,6 +2506,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkcs12.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2690,6 +2703,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkcs7.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2886,6 +2900,7 @@ ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkey.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3082,6 +3097,7 @@ ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkey_dh.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3278,6 +3294,7 @@ ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkey_dsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3474,6 +3491,7 @@ ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkey_ec.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3670,6 +3688,7 @@ ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_pkey_rsa.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3866,6 +3885,7 @@ ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_provider.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4062,6 +4082,7 @@ ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_rand.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4258,6 +4279,7 @@ ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_ssl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4454,6 +4476,7 @@ ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_ssl_session.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4650,6 +4673,7 @@ ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_ts.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -4846,6 +4870,7 @@ ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5042,6 +5067,7 @@ ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509attr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5238,6 +5264,7 @@ ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509cert.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5434,6 +5461,7 @@ ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509crl.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5630,6 +5658,7 @@ ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509ext.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -5826,6 +5855,7 @@ ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509name.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6022,6 +6052,7 @@ ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509req.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6218,6 +6249,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509revoked.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -6414,6 +6446,7 @@ ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ossl_x509store.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/openssl/extconf.rb b/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
index 5bb045e895..1f32980940 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
@@ -38,8 +38,12 @@ Logging::message "=== OpenSSL for Ruby configurator ===\n"
 
 $defs.push("-D""OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED")
 
-have_func("rb_io_descriptor")
-have_func("rb_io_maybe_wait(0, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil)", "ruby/io.h") # Ruby 3.1
+# Missing in TruffleRuby
+have_func("rb_call_super_kw(0, NULL, 0)", "ruby.h")
+# Ruby 3.1
+have_func("rb_io_descriptor", "ruby/io.h")
+have_func("rb_io_maybe_wait(0, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil)", "ruby/io.h")
+# Ruby 3.2
 have_func("rb_io_timeout", "ruby/io.h")
 
 Logging::message "=== Checking for system dependent stuff... ===\n"
@@ -131,18 +135,27 @@ Logging::message "=== Checking for OpenSSL features... ===\n"
 evp_h = "openssl/evp.h".freeze
 ts_h = "openssl/ts.h".freeze
 ssl_h = "openssl/ssl.h".freeze
+stack_h = "openssl/stack.h".freeze
 
 # compile options
 have_func("RAND_egd()", "openssl/rand.h")
 
+# added in OpenSSL 1.0.2, not in LibreSSL yet
+have_func("SSL_CTX_set1_sigalgs_list(NULL, NULL)", ssl_h)
+# added in OpenSSL 1.0.2, not in LibreSSL or AWS-LC yet
+have_func("SSL_CTX_set1_client_sigalgs_list(NULL, NULL)", ssl_h)
+
 # added in 1.1.0, currently not in LibreSSL
 have_func("EVP_PBE_scrypt(\"\", 0, (unsigned char *)\"\", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0)", evp_h)
 
 # added in OpenSSL 1.1.1 and LibreSSL 3.5.0, then removed in LibreSSL 4.0.0
 have_func("EVP_PKEY_check(NULL)", evp_h)
 
+# added in OpenSSL 1.1.1, currently not in LibreSSL
+have_func("OPENSSL_sk_new_reserve(NULL, 0)", stack_h)
+
 # added in 3.0.0
-have_func("SSL_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(NULL, NULL)", ssl_h)
+have_func("SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(NULL, NULL)", ssl_h)
 have_func("ERR_get_error_all(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)", "openssl/err.h")
 have_func("SSL_CTX_load_verify_file(NULL, \"\")", ssl_h)
 have_func("BN_check_prime(NULL, NULL, NULL)", "openssl/bn.h")
@@ -151,9 +164,18 @@ have_func("EVP_MD_CTX_get_pkey_ctx(NULL)", evp_h)
 have_func("EVP_PKEY_eq(NULL, NULL)", evp_h)
 have_func("EVP_PKEY_dup(NULL)", evp_h)
 
+# added in 3.2.0
+have_func("SSL_get0_group_name(NULL)", ssl_h)
+
 # added in 3.4.0
 have_func("TS_VERIFY_CTX_set0_certs(NULL, NULL)", ts_h)
 
+# added in 3.5.0
+have_func("SSL_get0_peer_signature_name(NULL, NULL)", ssl_h)
+
+# added in 4.0.0
+have_func("ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1(NULL, NULL, 0, 0)", "openssl/asn1.h")
+
 Logging::message "=== Checking done. ===\n"
 
 # Append flags from environment variables.
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
index 0889923890..98fa8d39f2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
@@ -13,23 +13,26 @@
 require 'openssl.so'
 
 require_relative 'openssl/bn'
-require_relative 'openssl/asn1'
-require_relative 'openssl/pkey'
 require_relative 'openssl/cipher'
 require_relative 'openssl/digest'
 require_relative 'openssl/hmac'
-require_relative 'openssl/x509'
-require_relative 'openssl/ssl'
 require_relative 'openssl/pkcs5'
+require_relative 'openssl/pkey'
+require_relative 'openssl/ssl'
 require_relative 'openssl/version'
+require_relative 'openssl/x509'
 
 module OpenSSL
-  # call-seq:
-  #   OpenSSL.secure_compare(string, string) -> boolean
+  # :call-seq:
+  #    OpenSSL.secure_compare(string, string) -> true or false
   #
   # Constant time memory comparison. Inputs are hashed using SHA-256 to mask
   # the length of the secret. Returns +true+ if the strings are identical,
   # +false+ otherwise.
+  #
+  # This method is expensive due to the SHA-256 hashing. In most cases, where
+  # the input lengths are known to be equal or are not sensitive,
+  # OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare should be used instead.
   def self.secure_compare(a, b)
     hashed_a = OpenSSL::Digest.digest('SHA256', a)
     hashed_b = OpenSSL::Digest.digest('SHA256', b)
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/asn1.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/asn1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 89fa28e1fb..0000000000
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/asn1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-#--
-#
-# = Ruby-space definitions that completes C-space funcs for ASN.1
-#
-# = Licence
-# This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
-# (See the file 'COPYING'.)
-#++
-
-module OpenSSL
-  module ASN1
-    class ASN1Data
-      #
-      # Carries the value of a ASN.1 type.
-      # Please confer Constructive and Primitive for the mappings between
-      # ASN.1 data types and Ruby classes.
-      #
-      attr_accessor :value
-
-      # An Integer representing the tag number of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
-      attr_accessor :tag
-
-      # A Symbol representing the tag class of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
-      # See ASN1Data for possible values.
-      attr_accessor :tag_class
-
-      #
-      # Never +nil+. A boolean value indicating whether the encoding uses
-      # indefinite length (in the case of parsing) or whether an indefinite
-      # length form shall be used (in the encoding case).
-      # In DER, every value uses definite length form. But in scenarios where
-      # large amounts of data need to be transferred it might be desirable to
-      # have some kind of streaming support available.
-      # For example, huge OCTET STRINGs are preferably sent in smaller-sized
-      # chunks, each at a time.
-      # This is possible in BER by setting the length bytes of an encoding
-      # to zero and by this indicating that the following value will be
-      # sent in chunks. Indefinite length encodings are always constructed.
-      # The end of such a stream of chunks is indicated by sending a EOC
-      # (End of Content) tag. SETs and SEQUENCEs may use an indefinite length
-      # encoding, but also primitive types such as e.g. OCTET STRINGS or
-      # BIT STRINGS may leverage this functionality (cf. ITU-T X.690).
-      #
-      attr_accessor :indefinite_length
-
-      alias infinite_length indefinite_length
-      alias infinite_length= indefinite_length=
-
-      #
-      # :call-seq:
-      #    OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data.new(value, tag, tag_class) => ASN1Data
-      #
-      # _value_: Please have a look at Constructive and Primitive to see how Ruby
-      # types are mapped to ASN.1 types and vice versa.
-      #
-      # _tag_: An Integer indicating the tag number.
-      #
-      # _tag_class_: A Symbol indicating the tag class. Please cf. ASN1 for
-      # possible values.
-      #
-      # == Example
-      #   asn1_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 2, :UNIVERSAL) # => Same as OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
-      #   tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 0, :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) # implicitly 0-tagged INTEGER
-      #
-      def initialize(value, tag, tag_class)
-        raise ASN1Error, "invalid tag class" unless tag_class.is_a?(Symbol)
-
-        @tag = tag
-        @value = value
-        @tag_class = tag_class
-        @indefinite_length = false
-      end
-    end
-
-    module TaggedASN1Data
-      #
-      # May be used as a hint for encoding a value either implicitly or
-      # explicitly by setting it either to +:IMPLICIT+ or to +:EXPLICIT+.
-      # _tagging_ is not set when a ASN.1 structure is parsed using
-      # OpenSSL::ASN1.decode.
-      #
-      attr_accessor :tagging
-
-      # :call-seq:
-      #    OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive.new(value [, tag, tagging, tag_class ]) => Primitive
-      #
-      # _value_: is mandatory.
-      #
-      # _tag_: optional, may be specified for tagged values. If no _tag_ is
-      # specified, the UNIVERSAL tag corresponding to the Primitive sub-class
-      # is used by default.
-      #
-      # _tagging_: may be used as an encoding hint to encode a value either
-      # explicitly or implicitly, see ASN1 for possible values.
-      #
-      # _tag_class_: if _tag_ and _tagging_ are +nil+ then this is set to
-      # +:UNIVERSAL+ by default. If either _tag_ or _tagging_ are set then
-      # +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+ is used as the default. For possible values please
-      # cf. ASN1.
-      #
-      # == Example
-      #   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
-      #   zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :IMPLICIT)
-      #   private_explicit_zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :EXPLICIT, :PRIVATE)
-      #
-      def initialize(value, tag = nil, tagging = nil, tag_class = nil)
-        tag ||= ASN1.take_default_tag(self.class)
-
-        raise ASN1Error, "must specify tag number" unless tag
-
-        if tagging
-          raise ASN1Error, "invalid tagging method" unless tagging.is_a?(Symbol)
-        end
-
-        tag_class ||= tagging ? :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC : :UNIVERSAL
-
-        raise ASN1Error, "invalid tag class" unless tag_class.is_a?(Symbol)
-
-        @tagging = tagging
-        super(value ,tag, tag_class)
-      end
-    end
-
-    class Primitive < ASN1Data
-      include TaggedASN1Data
-
-      undef_method :indefinite_length=
-      undef_method :infinite_length=
-    end
-
-    class Constructive < ASN1Data
-      include TaggedASN1Data
-      include Enumerable
-
-      # :call-seq:
-      #    asn1_ary.each { |asn1| block } => asn1_ary
-      #
-      # Calls the given block once for each element in self, passing that element
-      # as parameter _asn1_. If no block is given, an enumerator is returned
-      # instead.
-      #
-      # == Example
-      #   asn1_ary.each do |asn1|
-      #     puts asn1
-      #   end
-      #
-      def each(&blk)
-        @value.each(&blk)
-
-        self
-      end
-    end
-
-    class Boolean < Primitive ; end
-    class Integer < Primitive ; end
-    class Enumerated < Primitive ; end
-
-    class BitString < Primitive
-      attr_accessor :unused_bits
-
-      def initialize(*)
-        super
-
-        @unused_bits = 0
-      end
-    end
-
-    class EndOfContent < ASN1Data
-      def initialize
-        super("", 0, :UNIVERSAL)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # :nodoc:
-    def self.take_default_tag(klass)
-      tag = CLASS_TAG_MAP[klass]
-
-      return tag if tag
-
-      sklass = klass.superclass
-
-      return unless sklass
-
-      take_default_tag(sklass)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
index 5cda1e931c..4e6dea8d03 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
@@ -27,17 +27,21 @@ module OpenSSL
     end
 
     %w(MD4 MD5 RIPEMD160 SHA1 SHA224 SHA256 SHA384 SHA512).each do |name|
-      klass = Class.new(self) {
-        define_method(:initialize, ->(data = nil) {super(name, data)})
-      }
-
-      singleton = (class << klass; self; end)
-
-      singleton.class_eval{
-        define_method(:digest) {|data| new.digest(data)}
-        define_method(:hexdigest) {|data| new.hexdigest(data)}
-      }
+      klass = Class.new(self)
+      klass.class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def initialize(data = nil)
+          super("#{name}", data)
+        end
+      RUBY
 
+      klass.singleton_class.class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def digest(data)
+          new.digest(data)
+        end
+        def hexdigest(data)
+          new.hexdigest(data)
+        end
+      RUBY
       const_set(name.tr('-', '_'), klass)
     end
 
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ module OpenSSL
   #   OpenSSL::Digest("MD5")
   #   # => OpenSSL::Digest::MD5
   #
-  #   Digest("Foo")
+  #   OpenSSL::Digest("Foo")
   #   # => NameError: wrong constant name Foo
 
   def Digest(name)
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb
index 3d1e8885ca..39871e15dd 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 require_relative 'marshal'
 
 module OpenSSL::PKey
+  # Alias of PKeyError. Before version 4.0.0, this was a subclass of PKeyError.
+  DHError = PKeyError
+
   class DH
     include OpenSSL::Marshal
 
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     #   puts dh0.pub_key == dh.pub_key #=> false
     def generate_key!
       if OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000
-        raise DHError, "OpenSSL::PKey::DH is immutable on OpenSSL 3.0; " \
+        raise PKeyError, "OpenSSL::PKey::DH is immutable on OpenSSL 3.0; " \
         "use OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key instead"
       end
 
@@ -147,6 +150,9 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     end
   end
 
+  # Alias of PKeyError. Before version 4.0.0, this was a subclass of PKeyError.
+  DSAError = PKeyError
+
   class DSA
     include OpenSSL::Marshal
 
@@ -242,13 +248,9 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     #   sig = dsa.sign_raw(nil, digest)
     #   p dsa.verify_raw(nil, sig, digest) #=> true
     def syssign(string)
-      q or raise OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError, "incomplete DSA"
-      private? or raise OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError, "Private DSA key needed!"
-      begin
-        sign_raw(nil, string)
-      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError, $!.message
-      end
+      q or raise PKeyError, "incomplete DSA"
+      private? or raise PKeyError, "Private DSA key needed!"
+      sign_raw(nil, string)
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -266,12 +268,13 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     #   A \DSA signature value.
     def sysverify(digest, sig)
       verify_raw(nil, sig, digest)
-    rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-      raise OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError, $!.message
     end
   end
 
   if defined?(EC)
+  # Alias of PKeyError. Before version 4.0.0, this was a subclass of PKeyError.
+  ECError = PKeyError
+
   class EC
     include OpenSSL::Marshal
 
@@ -282,8 +285,6 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#sign_raw and PKey::PKey#verify_raw instead.
     def dsa_sign_asn1(data)
       sign_raw(nil, data)
-    rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-      raise OpenSSL::PKey::ECError, $!.message
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -293,8 +294,6 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#sign_raw and PKey::PKey#verify_raw instead.
     def dsa_verify_asn1(data, sig)
       verify_raw(nil, sig, data)
-    rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-      raise OpenSSL::PKey::ECError, $!.message
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -334,6 +333,9 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
   end
   end
 
+  # Alias of PKeyError. Before version 4.0.0, this was a subclass of PKeyError.
+  RSAError = PKeyError
+
   class RSA
     include OpenSSL::Marshal
 
@@ -407,15 +409,11 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#sign_raw and PKey::PKey#verify_raw, and
     # PKey::PKey#verify_recover instead.
     def private_encrypt(string, padding = PKCS1_PADDING)
-      n or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "incomplete RSA"
-      private? or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "private key needed."
-      begin
-        sign_raw(nil, string, {
-          "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
-        })
-      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, $!.message
-      end
+      n or raise PKeyError, "incomplete RSA"
+      private? or raise PKeyError, "private key needed."
+      sign_raw(nil, string, {
+        "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
+      })
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -430,14 +428,10 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#sign_raw and PKey::PKey#verify_raw, and
     # PKey::PKey#verify_recover instead.
     def public_decrypt(string, padding = PKCS1_PADDING)
-      n or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "incomplete RSA"
-      begin
-        verify_recover(nil, string, {
-          "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
-        })
-      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, $!.message
-      end
+      n or raise PKeyError, "incomplete RSA"
+      verify_recover(nil, string, {
+        "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
+      })
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -452,14 +446,10 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # <b>Deprecated in version 3.0</b>.
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#encrypt and PKey::PKey#decrypt instead.
     def public_encrypt(data, padding = PKCS1_PADDING)
-      n or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "incomplete RSA"
-      begin
-        encrypt(data, {
-          "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
-        })
-      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, $!.message
-      end
+      n or raise PKeyError, "incomplete RSA"
+      encrypt(data, {
+        "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
+      })
     end
 
     # :call-seq:
@@ -473,15 +463,11 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
     # <b>Deprecated in version 3.0</b>.
     # Consider using PKey::PKey#encrypt and PKey::PKey#decrypt instead.
     def private_decrypt(data, padding = PKCS1_PADDING)
-      n or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "incomplete RSA"
-      private? or raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, "private key needed."
-      begin
-        decrypt(data, {
-          "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
-        })
-      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError, $!.message
-      end
+      n or raise PKeyError, "incomplete RSA"
+      private? or raise PKeyError, "private key needed."
+      decrypt(data, {
+        "rsa_padding_mode" => translate_padding_mode(padding),
+      })
     end
 
     PKCS1_PADDING = 1
@@ -500,7 +486,7 @@ module OpenSSL::PKey
       when PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING
         "oaep"
       else
-        raise OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError, "unsupported padding mode"
+        raise PKeyError, "unsupported padding mode"
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
index a0ad5dc3a6..3268c126b9 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
@@ -32,25 +32,6 @@ module OpenSSL
         }.call
       }
 
-      if defined?(OpenSSL::PKey::DH)
-        DH_ffdhe2048 = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new <<-_end_of_pem_
------BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
-MIIBCAKCAQEA//////////+t+FRYortKmq/cViAnPTzx2LnFg84tNpWp4TZBFGQz
-+8yTnc4kmz75fS/jY2MMddj2gbICrsRhetPfHtXV/WVhJDP1H18GbtCFY2VVPe0a
-87VXE15/V8k1mE8McODmi3fipona8+/och3xWKE2rec1MKzKT0g6eXq8CrGCsyT7
-YdEIqUuyyOP7uWrat2DX9GgdT0Kj3jlN9K5W7edjcrsZCwenyO4KbXCeAvzhzffi
-7MA0BM0oNC9hkXL+nOmFg/+OTxIy7vKBg8P+OxtMb61zO7X8vC7CIAXFjvGDfRaD
-ssbzSibBsu/6iGtCOGEoXJf//////////wIBAg==
------END DH PARAMETERS-----
-        _end_of_pem_
-        private_constant :DH_ffdhe2048
-
-        DEFAULT_TMP_DH_CALLBACK = lambda { |ctx, is_export, keylen| # :nodoc:
-          warn "using default DH parameters." if $VERBOSE
-          DH_ffdhe2048
-        }
-      end
-
       if !OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION.start_with?("OpenSSL")
         DEFAULT_PARAMS.merge!(
           min_version: OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_VERSION,
@@ -85,26 +66,13 @@ ssbzSibBsu/6iGtCOGEoXJf//////////wIBAg==
             AES256-SHA256
             AES128-SHA
             AES256-SHA
-          }.join(":"),
+          }.join(":").freeze,
         )
       end
+      DEFAULT_PARAMS.freeze
 
       DEFAULT_CERT_STORE = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new # :nodoc:
       DEFAULT_CERT_STORE.set_default_paths
-      DEFAULT_CERT_STORE.flags = OpenSSL::X509::V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL
-
-      # A callback invoked when DH parameters are required for ephemeral DH key
-      # exchange.
-      #
-      # The callback is invoked with the SSLSocket, a
-      # flag indicating the use of an export cipher and the keylength
-      # required.
-      #
-      # The callback must return an OpenSSL::PKey::DH instance of the correct
-      # key length.
-      #
-      # <b>Deprecated in version 3.0.</b> Use #tmp_dh= instead.
-      attr_accessor :tmp_dh_callback
 
       # A callback invoked at connect time to distinguish between multiple
       # server names.
@@ -147,7 +115,14 @@ ssbzSibBsu/6iGtCOGEoXJf//////////wIBAg==
         params.each{|name, value| self.__send__("#{name}=", value) }
         if self.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
           unless self.ca_file or self.ca_path or self.cert_store
-            self.cert_store = DEFAULT_CERT_STORE
+            if not defined?(Ractor) or Ractor.current == Ractor.main
+              self.cert_store = DEFAULT_CERT_STORE
+            else
+              self.cert_store = Ractor.current[:__openssl_default_store__] ||=
+                OpenSSL::X509::Store.new.tap { |store|
+                  store.set_default_paths
+                }
+            end
           end
         end
         return params
@@ -457,10 +432,6 @@ ssbzSibBsu/6iGtCOGEoXJf//////////wIBAg==
         @context.client_cert_cb
       end
 
-      def tmp_dh_callback
-        @context.tmp_dh_callback || OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::DEFAULT_TMP_DH_CALLBACK
-      end
-
       def session_new_cb
         @context.session_new_cb
       end
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/version.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/version.rb
index 3398fe39cc..395a720a31 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/version.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module OpenSSL
-  VERSION = "3.3.0"
+  # The version string of Ruby/OpenSSL.
+  VERSION = "4.0.2"
 end
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb
index 6459d37b12..66765ffeab 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb
@@ -346,6 +346,15 @@ module OpenSSL
       include Extension::CRLDistributionPoints
       include Extension::AuthorityInfoAccess
 
+      def inspect
+        "#<#{self.class}: " \
+          "subject=#{subject.inspect}, " \
+          "issuer=#{issuer.inspect}, " \
+          "serial=#{serial.inspect}, " \
+          "not_before=#{not_before.inspect rescue "(error)"}, " \
+          "not_after=#{not_after.inspect rescue "(error)"}>"
+      end
+
       def pretty_print(q)
         q.object_group(self) {
           q.breakable
diff --git a/ext/openssl/openssl.gemspec b/ext/openssl/openssl.gemspec
index 9f7c718592..af1775e3b0 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/openssl.gemspec
+++ b/ext/openssl/openssl.gemspec
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.name          = "openssl"
-  spec.version       = "3.3.0"
+  spec.version       = "4.0.2"
   spec.authors       = ["Martin Bosslet", "SHIBATA Hiroshi", "Zachary Scott", "Kazuki Yamaguchi"]
   spec.email         = ["ruby-core@ruby-lang.org"]
   spec.summary       = %q{SSL/TLS and general-purpose cryptography for Ruby}
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
     spec.files       = []
     spec.add_runtime_dependency('jruby-openssl', '~> 0.14')
   else
-    spec.files         = Dir["lib/**/*.rb", "ext/**/*.{c,h,rb}", "*.md", "BSDL", "COPYING"]
+    spec.files         = Dir.glob(["lib/**/*.rb", "ext/**/*.{c,h,rb}", "*.md"], base: File.expand_path("..", __FILE__)) +
+                         ["BSDL", "COPYING"]
     spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
     spec.extensions    = ["ext/openssl/extconf.rb"]
   end
diff --git a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
index 6592f9ccea..ed3b5b7c0f 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
@@ -29,4 +29,27 @@
 #  define EVP_PKEY_eq(a, b) EVP_PKEY_cmp(a, b)
 #endif
 
+/* added in 4.0.0 */
+#ifndef HAVE_ASN1_BIT_STRING_SET1
+static inline int
+ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1(ASN1_BIT_STRING *bitstr, const uint8_t *data,
+                     size_t length, int unused_bits)
+{
+    if (length > INT_MAX || !ASN1_STRING_set(bitstr, data, (int)length))
+        return 0;
+    bitstr->flags &= ~(ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT | 0x07);
+    bitstr->flags |= ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT | unused_bits;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static inline int
+ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_length(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *bitstr, size_t *length,
+                           int *unused_bits)
+{
+    *length = bitstr->length;
+    *unused_bits = bitstr->flags & 0x07;
+    return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* _OSSL_OPENSSL_MISSING_H_ */
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl.c
index 60780790b0..5716e6f100 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl.c
@@ -13,71 +13,75 @@
 /*
  * Data Conversion
  */
-#define OSSL_IMPL_ARY2SK(name, type, expected_class, dup)	\
-VALUE								\
-ossl_##name##_ary2sk0(VALUE ary)				\
-{								\
-    STACK_OF(type) *sk;						\
-    VALUE val;							\
-    type *x;							\
-    int i;							\
-    								\
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);					\
-    sk = sk_##type##_new_null();				\
-    if (!sk) ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);			\
-    								\
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {			\
-	val = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);				\
-	if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, expected_class)) {		\
-	    sk_##type##_pop_free(sk, type##_free);		\
-	    ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "object in array not"	\
-		       " of class ##type##");			\
-	}							\
-	x = dup(val); /* NEED TO DUP */				\
-	sk_##type##_push(sk, x);				\
-    }								\
-    return (VALUE)sk;						\
-}								\
-								\
-STACK_OF(type) *						\
-ossl_protect_##name##_ary2sk(VALUE ary, int *status)		\
-{								\
-    return (STACK_OF(type)*)rb_protect(				\
-	    (VALUE (*)(VALUE))ossl_##name##_ary2sk0,		\
-	    ary,						\
-	    status);						\
-}								\
-								\
-STACK_OF(type) *						\
-ossl_##name##_ary2sk(VALUE ary)					\
-{								\
-    STACK_OF(type) *sk;						\
-    int status = 0;						\
-    								\
-    sk = ossl_protect_##name##_ary2sk(ary, &status);		\
-    if (status) rb_jump_tag(status);				\
-								\
-    return sk;							\
+#define OSSL_IMPL_ARY2SK(name, type, expected_class, dup)       \
+VALUE                                                           \
+ossl_##name##_ary2sk0(VALUE ary)                                \
+{                                                               \
+    STACK_OF(type) *sk;                                         \
+    VALUE val;                                                  \
+    type *x;                                                    \
+    int i;                                                      \
+                                                                \
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);                                   \
+    sk = sk_##type##_new_null();                                \
+    if (!sk) ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);                      \
+                                                                \
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {                     \
+        val = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);                             \
+        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, expected_class)) {          \
+            sk_##type##_pop_free(sk, type##_free);              \
+            ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "object in array not"        \
+                       " of class ##type##");                   \
+        }                                                       \
+        x = dup(val); /* NEED TO DUP */                         \
+        if (!sk_##type##_push(sk, x)) {                         \
+            type##_free(x);                                     \
+            sk_##type##_pop_free(sk, type##_free);              \
+            ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);                       \
+        }                                                       \
+    }                                                           \
+    return (VALUE)sk;                                           \
+}                                                               \
+                                                                \
+STACK_OF(type) *                                                \
+ossl_protect_##name##_ary2sk(VALUE ary, int *status)            \
+{                                                               \
+    return (STACK_OF(type)*)rb_protect(                         \
+            (VALUE (*)(VALUE))ossl_##name##_ary2sk0,            \
+            ary,                                                \
+            status);                                            \
+}                                                               \
+                                                                \
+STACK_OF(type) *                                                \
+ossl_##name##_ary2sk(VALUE ary)                                 \
+{                                                               \
+    STACK_OF(type) *sk;                                         \
+    int status = 0;                                             \
+                                                                \
+    sk = ossl_protect_##name##_ary2sk(ary, &status);            \
+    if (status) rb_jump_tag(status);                            \
+                                                                \
+    return sk;                                                  \
 }
 OSSL_IMPL_ARY2SK(x509, X509, cX509Cert, DupX509CertPtr)
 
-#define OSSL_IMPL_SK2ARY(name, type)	        \
-VALUE						\
-ossl_##name##_sk2ary(const STACK_OF(type) *sk)	\
-{						\
-    type *t;					\
-    int i, num;					\
-    VALUE ary;					\
-						\
-    RUBY_ASSERT(sk != NULL);			\
-    num = sk_##type##_num(sk);			\
-    ary = rb_ary_new_capa(num);			\
-						\
-    for (i=0; i<num; i++) {			\
-	t = sk_##type##_value(sk, i);		\
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_##name##_new(t));	\
-    }						\
-    return ary;					\
+#define OSSL_IMPL_SK2ARY(name, type)            \
+VALUE                                           \
+ossl_##name##_sk2ary(const STACK_OF(type) *sk)  \
+{                                               \
+    type *t;                                    \
+    int i, num;                                 \
+    VALUE ary;                                  \
+                                                \
+    RUBY_ASSERT(sk != NULL);                    \
+    num = sk_##type##_num(sk);                  \
+    ary = rb_ary_new_capa(num);                 \
+                                                \
+    for (i=0; i<num; i++) {                     \
+        t = sk_##type##_value(sk, i);           \
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_##name##_new(t)); \
+    }                                           \
+    return ary;                                 \
 }
 OSSL_IMPL_SK2ARY(x509, X509)
 OSSL_IMPL_SK2ARY(x509crl, X509_CRL)
@@ -97,14 +101,14 @@ ossl_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, int *pstate)
 
     str = rb_protect(ossl_str_new_i, len, &state);
     if (pstate)
-	*pstate = state;
+        *pstate = state;
     if (state) {
-	if (!pstate)
-	    rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
-	return Qnil;
+        if (!pstate)
+            rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+        return Qnil;
     }
     if (ptr)
-	memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(str), ptr, len);
+        memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(str), ptr, len);
     return str;
 }
 
@@ -117,22 +121,22 @@ ossl_buf2str(char *buf, int len)
     str = ossl_str_new(buf, len, &state);
     OPENSSL_free(buf);
     if (state)
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
     return str;
 }
 
 void
-ossl_bin2hex(unsigned char *in, char *out, size_t inlen)
+ossl_bin2hex(const unsigned char *in, char *out, size_t inlen)
 {
     const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
     size_t i;
 
     assert(inlen <= LONG_MAX / 2);
     for (i = 0; i < inlen; i++) {
-	unsigned char p = in[i];
+        unsigned char p = in[i];
 
-	out[i * 2 + 0] = hex[p >> 4];
-	out[i * 2 + 1] = hex[p & 0x0f];
+        out[i * 2 + 0] = hex[p >> 4];
+        out[i * 2 + 1] = hex[p & 0x0f];
     }
 }
 
@@ -143,14 +147,14 @@ VALUE
 ossl_pem_passwd_value(VALUE pass)
 {
     if (NIL_P(pass))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     StringValue(pass);
 
     /* PEM_BUFSIZE is currently used as the second argument of pem_password_cb,
      * that is +max_len+ of ossl_pem_passwd_cb() */
     if (RSTRING_LEN(pass) > PEM_BUFSIZE)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "password must not be longer than %d bytes", PEM_BUFSIZE);
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "password must not be longer than %d bytes", PEM_BUFSIZE);
 
     return pass;
 }
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ ossl_pem_passwd_cb0(VALUE flag)
 {
     VALUE pass = rb_yield(flag);
     if (NIL_P(pass))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     StringValue(pass);
     return pass;
 }
@@ -173,46 +177,46 @@ ossl_pem_passwd_cb(char *buf, int max_len, int flag, void *pwd_)
     VALUE rflag, pass = (VALUE)pwd_;
 
     if (RTEST(pass)) {
-	/* PEM_def_callback(buf, max_len, flag, StringValueCStr(pass)) does not
-	 * work because it does not allow NUL characters and truncates to 1024
-	 * bytes silently if the input is over 1024 bytes */
-	if (RB_TYPE_P(pass, T_STRING)) {
-	    len = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
-	    if (len <= max_len) {
-		memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(pass), len);
-		return (int)len;
-	    }
-	}
-	OSSL_Debug("passed data is not valid String???");
-	return -1;
+        /* PEM_def_callback(buf, max_len, flag, StringValueCStr(pass)) does not
+         * work because it does not allow NUL characters and truncates to 1024
+         * bytes silently if the input is over 1024 bytes */
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(pass, T_STRING)) {
+            len = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
+            if (len <= max_len) {
+                memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(pass), len);
+                return (int)len;
+            }
+        }
+        OSSL_Debug("passed data is not valid String???");
+        return -1;
     }
 
     if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-	return PEM_def_callback(buf, max_len, flag, NULL);
+        return PEM_def_callback(buf, max_len, flag, NULL);
     }
 
     while (1) {
-	/*
-	 * when the flag is nonzero, this password
-	 * will be used to perform encryption; otherwise it will
-	 * be used to perform decryption.
-	 */
-	rflag = flag ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-	pass  = rb_protect(ossl_pem_passwd_cb0, rflag, &status);
-	if (status) {
-	    /* ignore an exception raised. */
-	    rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
-	    return -1;
-	}
-	if (NIL_P(pass))
-	    return -1;
-	len = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
-	if (len > max_len) {
-	    rb_warning("password must not be longer than %d bytes", max_len);
-	    continue;
-	}
-	memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(pass), len);
-	break;
+        /*
+         * when the flag is nonzero, this password
+         * will be used to perform encryption; otherwise it will
+         * be used to perform decryption.
+         */
+        rflag = flag ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+        pass  = rb_protect(ossl_pem_passwd_cb0, rflag, &status);
+        if (status) {
+            /* ignore an exception raised. */
+            rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (NIL_P(pass))
+            return -1;
+        len = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
+        if (len > max_len) {
+            rb_warning("password must not be longer than %d bytes", max_len);
+            continue;
+        }
+        memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(pass), len);
+        break;
     }
     return (int)len;
 }
@@ -247,19 +251,24 @@ VALUE
 ossl_to_der_if_possible(VALUE obj)
 {
     if(rb_respond_to(obj, ossl_s_to_der))
-	return ossl_to_der(obj);
+        return ossl_to_der(obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
 /*
  * Errors
  */
+static ID id_i_errors;
+
+static void collect_errors_into(VALUE ary);
+
 VALUE
 ossl_make_error(VALUE exc, VALUE str)
 {
     unsigned long e;
     const char *data;
     int flags;
+    VALUE errors = rb_ary_new();
 
     if (NIL_P(str))
         str = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
@@ -276,10 +285,12 @@ ossl_make_error(VALUE exc, VALUE str)
         rb_str_cat_cstr(str, msg ? msg : "(null)");
         if (flags & ERR_TXT_STRING && data)
             rb_str_catf(str, " (%s)", data);
-        ossl_clear_error();
+        collect_errors_into(errors);
     }
 
-    return rb_exc_new_str(exc, str);
+    VALUE obj = rb_exc_new_str(exc, str);
+    rb_ivar_set(obj, id_i_errors, errors);
+    return obj;
 }
 
 void
@@ -289,24 +300,23 @@ ossl_raise(VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
     VALUE err;
 
     if (fmt) {
-	va_start(args, fmt);
-	err = rb_vsprintf(fmt, args);
-	va_end(args);
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        err = rb_vsprintf(fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
     }
     else {
-	err = Qnil;
+        err = Qnil;
     }
 
     rb_exc_raise(ossl_make_error(exc, err));
 }
 
-void
-ossl_clear_error(void)
+static void
+collect_errors_into(VALUE ary)
 {
-    if (dOSSL == Qtrue) {
+    if (dOSSL == Qtrue || !NIL_P(ary)) {
         unsigned long e;
         const char *file, *data, *func, *lib, *reason;
-        char append[256] = "";
         int line, flags;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ERR_GET_ERROR_ALL
@@ -318,13 +328,18 @@ ossl_clear_error(void)
             lib = ERR_lib_error_string(e);
             reason = ERR_reason_error_string(e);
 
+            VALUE str = rb_sprintf("error:%08lX:%s:%s:%s", e, lib ? lib : "",
+                                   func ? func : "", reason ? reason : "");
             if (flags & ERR_TXT_STRING) {
                 if (!data)
                     data = "(null)";
-                snprintf(append, sizeof(append), " (%s)", data);
+                rb_str_catf(str, " (%s)", data);
             }
-            rb_warn("error on stack: error:%08lX:%s:%s:%s%s", e, lib ? lib : "",
-                    func ? func : "", reason ? reason : "", append);
+
+            if (dOSSL == Qtrue)
+                rb_warn("error on stack: %"PRIsVALUE, str);
+            if (!NIL_P(ary))
+                rb_ary_push(ary, str);
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -332,14 +347,59 @@ ossl_clear_error(void)
     }
 }
 
+void
+ossl_clear_error(void)
+{
+    collect_errors_into(Qnil);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ossl_error.detailed_message(**) -> string
+ *
+ * Returns the exception message decorated with the captured \OpenSSL error
+ * queue entries.
+ */
+static VALUE
+osslerror_detailed_message(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_CALL_SUPER_KW
+    // Ruby >= 3.2
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(rb_eException, rb_intern("method_defined?"), 1,
+                         ID2SYM(rb_intern("detailed_message")))))
+        str = rb_call_super_kw(argc, argv, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
+    else
+#endif
+        str = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("message"), 0);
+    VALUE errors = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_errors);
+
+    // OpenSSLError was not created by ossl_make_error()
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(errors, T_ARRAY))
+        return str;
+
+    str = rb_str_resurrect(str);
+    rb_str_catf(str, "\nOpenSSL error queue reported %ld errors:",
+                RARRAY_LEN(errors));
+    for (long i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(errors); i++) {
+        VALUE err = RARRAY_AREF(errors, i);
+        rb_str_catf(str, "\n%"PRIsVALUE, err);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   OpenSSL.errors -> [String...]
  *
- * See any remaining errors held in queue.
+ * Returns any remaining errors held in the \OpenSSL thread-local error queue
+ * and clears the queue. This should normally return an empty array.
+ *
+ * This is intended for debugging Ruby/OpenSSL. If you see any errors here,
+ * it likely indicates a bug in the extension. Please file an issue at
+ * https://github.com/ruby/openssl.
  *
- * Any errors you see here are probably due to a bug in Ruby's OpenSSL
- * implementation.
+ * For debugging your program, OpenSSL.debug= may be useful.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_get_errors(VALUE _)
@@ -363,6 +423,8 @@ VALUE dOSSL;
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   OpenSSL.debug -> true | false
+ *
+ * Returns whether Ruby/OpenSSL's debug mode is currently enabled.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_debug_get(VALUE self)
@@ -372,9 +434,9 @@ ossl_debug_get(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.debug = boolean -> boolean
+ *   OpenSSL.debug = boolean
  *
- * Turns on or off debug mode. With debug mode, all errors added to the OpenSSL
+ * Turns on or off debug mode. With debug mode, all errors added to the \OpenSSL
  * error queue will be printed to stderr.
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -388,6 +450,8 @@ ossl_debug_set(VALUE self, VALUE val)
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   OpenSSL.fips_mode -> true | false
+ *
+ * Returns whether the FIPS mode is currently enabled.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_fips_mode_get(VALUE self)
@@ -408,10 +472,10 @@ ossl_fips_mode_get(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.fips_mode = boolean -> boolean
+ *   OpenSSL.fips_mode = boolean
  *
  * Turns FIPS mode on or off. Turning on FIPS mode will obviously only have an
- * effect for FIPS-capable installations of the OpenSSL library. Trying to do
+ * effect for FIPS-capable installations of the \OpenSSL library. Trying to do
  * so otherwise will result in an error.
  *
  * === Examples
@@ -434,52 +498,60 @@ ossl_fips_mode_set(VALUE self, VALUE enabled)
     return enabled;
 #elif defined(OPENSSL_FIPS) || defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC)
     if (RTEST(enabled)) {
-	int mode = FIPS_mode();
-	if(!mode && !FIPS_mode_set(1)) /* turning on twice leads to an error */
-	    ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "Turning on FIPS mode failed");
+        int mode = FIPS_mode();
+        if(!mode && !FIPS_mode_set(1)) /* turning on twice leads to an error */
+            ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "Turning on FIPS mode failed");
     } else {
-	if(!FIPS_mode_set(0)) /* turning off twice is OK */
-	    ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "Turning off FIPS mode failed");
+        if(!FIPS_mode_set(0)) /* turning off twice is OK */
+            ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "Turning off FIPS mode failed");
     }
     return enabled;
 #else
     if (RTEST(enabled))
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "This version of OpenSSL does not support FIPS mode");
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "This version of OpenSSL does not support FIPS mode");
     return enabled;
 #endif
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(string, string) -> boolean
+ *   OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(string, string) -> true or false
  *
  * Constant time memory comparison for fixed length strings, such as results
- * of HMAC calculations.
+ * of \HMAC calculations.
  *
  * Returns +true+ if the strings are identical, +false+ if they are of the same
- * length but not identical. If the length is different, +ArgumentError+ is
+ * length but not identical. If the length is different, ArgumentError is
  * raised.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
 {
-    const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *)StringValuePtr(str1);
-    const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *)StringValuePtr(str2);
-    long len1 = RSTRING_LEN(str1);
-    long len2 = RSTRING_LEN(str2);
+    const unsigned char *p1;
+    const unsigned char *p2;
+    long len1;
+    long len2;
+
+    StringValue(str1);
+    StringValue(str2);
+
+    p1 = (const unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str1);
+    p2 = (const unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str2);
+    len1 = RSTRING_LEN(str1);
+    len2 = RSTRING_LEN(str2);
 
     if (len1 != len2) {
         ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "inputs must be of equal length");
     }
 
     switch (CRYPTO_memcmp(p1, p2, len1)) {
-        case 0:	return Qtrue;
-        default: return Qfalse;
+      case 0: return Qtrue;
+      default: return Qfalse;
     }
 }
 
 /*
- * OpenSSL provides SSL, TLS and general purpose cryptography.  It wraps the
+ * OpenSSL provides \SSL, TLS and general purpose cryptography.  It wraps the
  * OpenSSL[https://www.openssl.org/] library.
  *
  * = Examples
@@ -534,7 +606,7 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *
  * === Loading an Encrypted Key
  *
- * OpenSSL will prompt you for your password when loading an encrypted key.
+ * \OpenSSL will prompt you for your password when loading an encrypted key.
  * If you will not be able to type in the password you may provide it when
  * loading the key:
  *
@@ -597,7 +669,7 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *
  * == PBKDF2 Password-based Encryption
  *
- * If supported by the underlying OpenSSL version used, Password-based
+ * If supported by the underlying \OpenSSL version used, Password-based
  * Encryption should use the features of PKCS5. If not supported or if
  * required by legacy applications, the older, less secure methods specified
  * in RFC 2898 are also supported (see below).
@@ -656,7 +728,7 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *   decrypted = cipher.update encrypted
  *   decrypted << cipher.final
  *
- * == X509 Certificates
+ * == \X509 Certificates
  *
  * === Creating a Certificate
  *
@@ -693,7 +765,7 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *     extension_factory.create_extension('subjectKeyIdentifier', 'hash')
  *
  * The list of supported extensions (and in some cases their possible values)
- * can be derived from the "objects.h" file in the OpenSSL source code.
+ * can be derived from the "objects.h" file in the \OpenSSL source code.
  *
  * === Signing a Certificate
  *
@@ -847,23 +919,23 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *     io.write csr_cert.to_pem
  *   end
  *
- * == SSL and TLS Connections
+ * == \SSL and TLS Connections
  *
- * Using our created key and certificate we can create an SSL or TLS connection.
- * An SSLContext is used to set up an SSL session.
+ * Using our created key and certificate we can create an \SSL or TLS
+ * connection. An OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext is used to set up an \SSL session.
  *
  *   context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
  *
- * === SSL Server
+ * === \SSL Server
  *
- * An SSL server requires the certificate and private key to communicate
+ * An \SSL server requires the certificate and private key to communicate
  * securely with its clients:
  *
  *   context.cert = cert
  *   context.key = key
  *
- * Then create an SSLServer with a TCP server socket and the context.  Use the
- * SSLServer like an ordinary TCP server.
+ * Then create an OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer with a TCP server socket and the
+ * context.  Use the SSLServer like an ordinary TCP server.
  *
  *   require 'socket'
  *
@@ -882,14 +954,15 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *     ssl_connection.close
  *   end
  *
- * === SSL client
+ * === \SSL client
  *
- * An SSL client is created with a TCP socket and the context.
- * SSLSocket#connect must be called to initiate the SSL handshake and start
- * encryption.  A key and certificate are not required for the client socket.
+ * An \SSL client is created with a TCP socket and the context.
+ * OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#connect must be called to initiate the \SSL handshake
+ * and start encryption.  A key and certificate are not required for the client
+ * socket.
  *
- * Note that SSLSocket#close doesn't close the underlying socket by default. Set
- * SSLSocket#sync_close to true if you want.
+ * Note that OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#close doesn't close the underlying socket
+ * by default. Set OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#sync_close to true if you want.
  *
  *   require 'socket'
  *
@@ -905,7 +978,7 @@ ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
  *
  * === Peer Verification
  *
- * An unverified SSL connection does not provide much security.  For enhanced
+ * An unverified \SSL connection does not provide much security.  For enhanced
  * security the client or server can verify the certificate of its peer.
  *
  * The client can be modified to verify the server's certificate against the
@@ -956,22 +1029,34 @@ Init_openssl(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(mOSSL, "fixed_length_secure_compare", ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare, 2);
 
     /*
-     * Version of OpenSSL the ruby OpenSSL extension was built with
+     * \OpenSSL library version string used to compile the Ruby/OpenSSL
+     * extension. This may differ from the version used at runtime.
      */
-    rb_define_const(mOSSL, "OPENSSL_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT));
+    rb_define_const(mOSSL, "OPENSSL_VERSION",
+                    rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT)));
 
     /*
-     * Version of OpenSSL the ruby OpenSSL extension is running with
+     * \OpenSSL library version string currently used at runtime.
      */
-    rb_define_const(mOSSL, "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)));
+    rb_define_const(
+        mOSSL,
+        "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION",
+        rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)))
+    );
 
     /*
-     * Version number of OpenSSL the ruby OpenSSL extension was built with
-     * (base 16). The formats are below.
+     * \OpenSSL library version number used to compile the Ruby/OpenSSL
+     * extension. This may differ from the version used at runtime.
+     *
+     * The version number is encoded into a single integer value. The number
+     * follows the format:
      *
-     * [OpenSSL 3] <tt>0xMNN00PP0 (major minor 00 patch 0)</tt>
-     * [OpenSSL before 3] <tt>0xMNNFFPPS (major minor fix patch status)</tt>
-     * [LibreSSL] <tt>0x20000000 (fixed value)</tt>
+     * [\OpenSSL 3.0.0 or later]
+     *   <tt>0xMNN00PP0</tt> (major minor 00 patch 0)
+     * [\OpenSSL 1.1.1 or earlier]
+     *   <tt>0xMNNFFPPS</tt> (major minor fix patch status)
+     * [LibreSSL]
+     *   <tt>0x20000000</tt> (a fixed value)
      *
      * See also the man page OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER(3).
      */
@@ -979,9 +1064,12 @@ Init_openssl(void)
 
 #if defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
     /*
-     * Version number of LibreSSL the ruby OpenSSL extension was built with
-     * (base 16). The format is <tt>0xMNNFF00f (major minor fix 00
-     * status)</tt>. This constant is only defined in LibreSSL cases.
+     * LibreSSL library version number used to compile the Ruby/OpenSSL
+     * extension. This may differ from the version used at runtime.
+     *
+     * This constant is only defined if the extension was compiled against
+     * LibreSSL. The number follows the format:
+     * <tt>0xMNNFF00f</tt> (major minor fix 00 status).
      *
      * See also the man page LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER(3).
      */
@@ -989,30 +1077,50 @@ Init_openssl(void)
 #endif
 
     /*
-     * Boolean indicating whether OpenSSL is FIPS-capable or not
+     * Boolean indicating whether the \OpenSSL library is FIPS-capable or not.
+     * Always <tt>true</tt> for \OpenSSL 3.0 and later.
+     *
+     * This is obsolete and will be removed in the future.
+     * See also OpenSSL.fips_mode.
      */
     rb_define_const(mOSSL, "OPENSSL_FIPS",
 /* OpenSSL 3 is FIPS-capable even when it is installed without fips option */
 #if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
                     Qtrue
 #elif defined(OPENSSL_FIPS)
-		    Qtrue
+                    Qtrue
 #elif defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC) // AWS-LC FIPS can only be enabled during compile time.
-            FIPS_mode() ? Qtrue : Qfalse
+                    FIPS_mode() ? Qtrue : Qfalse
 #else
-		    Qfalse
+                    Qfalse
 #endif
-		   );
+                   );
 
     rb_define_module_function(mOSSL, "fips_mode", ossl_fips_mode_get, 0);
     rb_define_module_function(mOSSL, "fips_mode=", ossl_fips_mode_set, 1);
 
     rb_global_variable(&eOSSLError);
     /*
-     * Generic error,
-     * common for all classes under OpenSSL module
+     * Generic error class for OpenSSL. All error classes in this library
+     * inherit from this class.
+     *
+     * This class indicates that an error was reported by the underlying
+     * \OpenSSL library.
+     */
+    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
+    /*
+     * \OpenSSL error queue entries captured at the time the exception was
+     * raised. The same information is printed to stderr if OpenSSL.debug is
+     * set to +true+.
+     *
+     * This is an array of zero or more strings, ordered from the oldest to the
+     * newest. The format of the strings is not stable and may vary across
+     * versions of \OpenSSL or versions of this Ruby extension.
+     *
+     * See also the man page ERR_get_error(3).
      */
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL,"OpenSSLError",rb_eStandardError);
+    rb_attr(eOSSLError, rb_intern_const("errors"), 1, 0, 0);
+    rb_define_method(eOSSLError, "detailed_message", osslerror_detailed_message, -1);
 
     /*
      * Init debug core
@@ -1028,6 +1136,7 @@ Init_openssl(void)
      * Get ID of to_der
      */
     ossl_s_to_der = rb_intern("to_der");
+    id_i_errors = rb_intern("@errors");
 
     /*
      * Init components
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl.h b/ext/openssl/ossl.h
index 9b20829b3f..0b479a7200 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl.h
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
 
 #if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
 # define OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+# include <openssl/provider.h>
+#endif
+
+#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+# define OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -87,10 +92,10 @@ extern VALUE eOSSLError;
  * CheckTypes
  */
 #define OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, klass) do {\
-  if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of((obj), (klass))) {\
-    ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument (%"PRIsVALUE")! (Expected kind of %"PRIsVALUE")",\
-               rb_obj_class(obj), (klass));\
-  }\
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of((obj), (klass))) {\
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument (%"PRIsVALUE")! (Expected kind of %"PRIsVALUE")",\
+                   rb_obj_class(obj), (klass));\
+    }\
 } while (0)
 
 /*
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ do{\
  * Convert binary string to hex string. The caller is responsible for
  * ensuring out has (2 * len) bytes of capacity.
  */
-void ossl_bin2hex(unsigned char *in, char *out, size_t len);
+void ossl_bin2hex(const unsigned char *in, char *out, size_t len);
 
 /*
  * Our default PEM callback
@@ -169,11 +174,11 @@ VALUE ossl_to_der_if_possible(VALUE);
 extern VALUE dOSSL;
 
 #define OSSL_Debug(...) do { \
-  if (dOSSL == Qtrue) { \
-    fprintf(stderr, "OSSL_DEBUG: "); \
-    fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
-    fprintf(stderr, " [%s:%d]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__); \
-  } \
+    if (dOSSL == Qtrue) { \
+        fprintf(stderr, "OSSL_DEBUG: "); \
+        fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
+        fprintf(stderr, " [%s:%d]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__); \
+    } \
 } while (0)
 
 /*
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
index ea3ec2f210..517212b4d5 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
@@ -9,63 +9,81 @@
  */
 #include "ossl.h"
 
-static VALUE ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset,
-			       int depth, int yield, long *num_read);
+/********/
+/*
+ * ASN1 module
+ */
+#define ossl_asn1_get_value(o)           rb_attr_get((o),sivVALUE)
+#define ossl_asn1_get_tag(o)             rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG)
+#define ossl_asn1_get_tagging(o)         rb_attr_get((o),sivTAGGING)
+#define ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(o)       rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG_CLASS)
+#define ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(o) rb_attr_get((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH)
+
+#define ossl_asn1_set_value(o,v)           rb_ivar_set((o),sivVALUE,(v))
+#define ossl_asn1_set_tag(o,v)             rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAG,(v))
+#define ossl_asn1_set_tagging(o,v)         rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAGGING,(v))
+#define ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(o,v)       rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAG_CLASS,(v))
+#define ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(o,v) rb_ivar_set((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH,(v))
+
+VALUE mASN1;
+static VALUE eASN1Error;
+
+VALUE cASN1Data;
+static VALUE cASN1Primitive;
+static VALUE cASN1Constructive;
+
+static VALUE cASN1EndOfContent;
+static VALUE cASN1Boolean;                           /* BOOLEAN           */
+static VALUE cASN1Integer, cASN1Enumerated;          /* INTEGER           */
+static VALUE cASN1BitString;                         /* BIT STRING        */
+static VALUE cASN1OctetString, cASN1UTF8String;      /* STRINGs           */
+static VALUE cASN1NumericString, cASN1PrintableString;
+static VALUE cASN1T61String, cASN1VideotexString;
+static VALUE cASN1IA5String, cASN1GraphicString;
+static VALUE cASN1ISO64String, cASN1GeneralString;
+static VALUE cASN1UniversalString, cASN1BMPString;
+static VALUE cASN1Null;                              /* NULL              */
+static VALUE cASN1ObjectId;                          /* OBJECT IDENTIFIER */
+static VALUE cASN1UTCTime, cASN1GeneralizedTime;     /* TIME              */
+static VALUE cASN1Sequence, cASN1Set;                /* CONSTRUCTIVE      */
+
+static VALUE sym_IMPLICIT, sym_EXPLICIT;
+static VALUE sym_UNIVERSAL, sym_APPLICATION, sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC, sym_PRIVATE;
+static ID sivVALUE, sivTAG, sivTAG_CLASS, sivTAGGING, sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH, sivUNUSED_BITS;
+static ID id_each;
 
 /*
  * DATE conversion
  */
+static VALUE
+time_utc_new(VALUE args)
+{
+    return rb_funcallv(rb_cTime, rb_intern("utc"), 6, (VALUE *)args);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+time_utc_new_rescue(VALUE args, VALUE exc)
+{
+    rb_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid time");
+}
+
 VALUE
 asn1time_to_time(const ASN1_TIME *time)
 {
     struct tm tm;
-    VALUE argv[6];
-    int count;
-
-    memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
-
-    switch (time->type) {
-    case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
-	count = sscanf((const char *)time->data, "%2d%2d%2d%2d%2d%2dZ",
-		&tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min,
-		&tm.tm_sec);
-
-	if (count == 5) {
-	    tm.tm_sec = 0;
-	} else if (count != 6) {
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "bad UTCTIME format: \"%s\"",
-		    time->data);
-	}
-	if (tm.tm_year < 69) {
-	    tm.tm_year += 2000;
-	} else {
-	    tm.tm_year += 1900;
-	}
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	count = sscanf((const char *)time->data, "%4d%2d%2d%2d%2d%2dZ",
-		&tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min,
-		&tm.tm_sec);
-	if (count == 5) {
-		tm.tm_sec = 0;
-	}
-	else if (count != 6) {
-		ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "bad GENERALIZEDTIME format: \"%s\"",
-			time->data);
-	}
-	break;
-    default:
-	rb_warning("unknown time format");
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-    argv[0] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_year);
-    argv[1] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_mon);
-    argv[2] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_mday);
-    argv[3] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_hour);
-    argv[4] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_min);
-    argv[5] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_sec);
-
-    return rb_funcall2(rb_cTime, rb_intern("utc"), 6, argv);
+    if (!ASN1_TIME_to_tm(time, &tm))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_TIME_to_tm");
+
+    VALUE args[] = {
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_year + 1900),
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_mon + 1),
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_mday),
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_hour),
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_min),
+        INT2NUM(tm.tm_sec),
+    };
+    return rb_rescue2(time_utc_new, (VALUE)args, time_utc_new_rescue, Qnil,
+                      rb_eArgError, 0);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -80,13 +98,13 @@ ossl_time_split(VALUE time, time_t *sec, int *days)
     VALUE num = rb_Integer(time);
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(num)) {
-	time_t t = FIX2LONG(num);
-	*sec = t % 86400;
-	*days = rb_long2int(t / 86400);
+        time_t t = FIX2LONG(num);
+        *sec = t % 86400;
+        *days = rb_long2int(t / 86400);
     }
     else {
-	*days = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("/"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
-	*sec = NUM2TIMET(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("%"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
+        *days = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("/"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
+        *sec = NUM2TIMET(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("%"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +114,8 @@ ossl_time_split(VALUE time, time_t *sec, int *days)
 VALUE
 asn1str_to_str(const ASN1_STRING *str)
 {
-    return rb_str_new((const char *)str->data, str->length);
+    return rb_str_new((const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(str),
+                      ASN1_STRING_length(str));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -109,18 +128,19 @@ asn1integer_to_num(const ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
     VALUE num;
 
     if (!ai) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "ASN1_INTEGER is NULL!");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "ASN1_INTEGER is NULL!");
     }
-    if (ai->type == V_ASN1_ENUMERATED)
-	/* const_cast: workaround for old OpenSSL */
-	bn = ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN((ASN1_ENUMERATED *)ai, NULL);
+
+    num = ossl_bn_new(BN_value_one());
+    bn = GetBNPtr(num);
+
+    if (ASN1_STRING_type(ai) == V_ASN1_ENUMERATED)
+        bn = ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN(ai, bn);
     else
-	bn = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(ai, NULL);
+        bn = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(ai, bn);
 
     if (!bn)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
-    num = ossl_bn_new(bn);
-    BN_free(bn);
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
 
     return num;
 }
@@ -131,12 +151,12 @@ num_to_asn1integer(VALUE obj, ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
     BIGNUM *bn;
 
     if (NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Integer");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Integer");
 
     bn = GetBNPtr(obj);
 
     if (!(ai = BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(bn, ai)))
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
 
     return ai;
 }
@@ -147,43 +167,47 @@ asn1integer_to_num_i(VALUE arg)
     return asn1integer_to_num((ASN1_INTEGER *)arg);
 }
 
-/********/
 /*
- * ASN1 module
+ * ASN1_OBJECT conversions
  */
-#define ossl_asn1_get_value(o)           rb_attr_get((o),sivVALUE)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tag(o)             rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tagging(o)         rb_attr_get((o),sivTAGGING)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(o)       rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG_CLASS)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(o) rb_attr_get((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH)
-
-#define ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(o,v) rb_ivar_set((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH,(v))
-
-VALUE mASN1;
-VALUE eASN1Error;
+VALUE
+ossl_asn1obj_to_string_oid(const ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    int len;
 
-VALUE cASN1Data;
-static VALUE cASN1Primitive;
-static VALUE cASN1Constructive;
+    str = rb_usascii_str_new(NULL, 127);
+    len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str), a1obj, 1);
+    if (len <= 0 || len == INT_MAX)
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "OBJ_obj2txt");
+    if (len > RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
+        /* +1 is for the \0 terminator added by OBJ_obj2txt() */
+        rb_str_resize(str, len + 1);
+        len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), len + 1, a1obj, 1);
+        if (len <= 0)
+            ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "OBJ_obj2txt");
+    }
+    rb_str_set_len(str, len);
+    return str;
+}
 
-static VALUE cASN1EndOfContent;
-static VALUE cASN1Boolean;                           /* BOOLEAN           */
-static VALUE cASN1Integer, cASN1Enumerated;          /* INTEGER           */
-static VALUE cASN1BitString;                         /* BIT STRING        */
-static VALUE cASN1OctetString, cASN1UTF8String;      /* STRINGs           */
-static VALUE cASN1NumericString, cASN1PrintableString;
-static VALUE cASN1T61String, cASN1VideotexString;
-static VALUE cASN1IA5String, cASN1GraphicString;
-static VALUE cASN1ISO64String, cASN1GeneralString;
-static VALUE cASN1UniversalString, cASN1BMPString;
-static VALUE cASN1Null;                              /* NULL              */
-static VALUE cASN1ObjectId;                          /* OBJECT IDENTIFIER */
-static VALUE cASN1UTCTime, cASN1GeneralizedTime;     /* TIME              */
-static VALUE cASN1Sequence, cASN1Set;                /* CONSTRUCTIVE      */
+VALUE
+ossl_asn1obj_to_string(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj)
+{
+    int nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj);
+    if (nid != NID_undef)
+        return rb_str_new_cstr(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_oid(obj);
+}
 
-static VALUE sym_IMPLICIT, sym_EXPLICIT;
-static VALUE sym_UNIVERSAL, sym_APPLICATION, sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC, sym_PRIVATE;
-static ID sivVALUE, sivTAG, sivTAG_CLASS, sivTAGGING, sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH, sivUNUSED_BITS;
+VALUE
+ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj)
+{
+    int nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj);
+    if (nid != NID_undef)
+        return rb_str_new_cstr(OBJ_nid2ln(nid));
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_oid(obj);
+}
 
 /*
  * Ruby to ASN1 converters
@@ -192,9 +216,9 @@ static ASN1_BOOLEAN
 obj_to_asn1bool(VALUE obj)
 {
     if (NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Boolean");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Boolean");
 
-     return RTEST(obj) ? 0xff : 0x0;
+    return RTEST(obj) ? 0xff : 0x0;
 }
 
 static ASN1_INTEGER*
@@ -204,19 +228,19 @@ obj_to_asn1int(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static ASN1_BIT_STRING*
-obj_to_asn1bstr(VALUE obj, long unused_bits)
+obj_to_asn1bstr(VALUE obj, int unused_bits)
 {
     ASN1_BIT_STRING *bstr;
 
     if (unused_bits < 0 || unused_bits > 7)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unused_bits for a bitstring value must be in "\
-		   "the range 0 to 7");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unused_bits for a bitstring value must be in "\
+                   "the range 0 to 7");
     StringValue(obj);
-    if(!(bstr = ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(bstr, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj));
-    bstr->flags &= ~(ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT|0x07); /* clear */
-    bstr->flags |= ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT | unused_bits;
+    if (!(bstr = ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_BIT_STRING_new");
+    if (!ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1(bstr, (uint8_t *)RSTRING_PTR(obj),
+                              RSTRING_LEN(obj), unused_bits))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1");
 
     return bstr;
 }
@@ -228,8 +252,11 @@ obj_to_asn1str(VALUE obj)
 
     StringValue(obj);
     if(!(str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(str, RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj));
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+    if(!ASN1_STRING_set(str, RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj))) {
+        ASN1_STRING_free(str);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+    }
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -240,15 +267,15 @@ obj_to_asn1null(VALUE obj)
     ASN1_NULL *null;
 
     if(!NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "nil expected");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "nil expected");
     if(!(null = ASN1_NULL_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return null;
 }
 
-static ASN1_OBJECT*
-obj_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj)
+ASN1_OBJECT *
+ossl_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj)
 {
     ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
 
@@ -270,7 +297,7 @@ obj_to_asn1utime(VALUE time)
 
     ossl_time_split(time, &sec, &off_days);
     if (!(t = ASN1_UTCTIME_adj(NULL, sec, off_days, 0)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return t;
 }
@@ -285,7 +312,7 @@ obj_to_asn1gtime(VALUE time)
 
     ossl_time_split(time, &sec, &off_days);
     if (!(t = ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj(NULL, sec, off_days, 0)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return t;
 }
@@ -298,8 +325,11 @@ obj_to_asn1derstr(VALUE obj)
 
     str = ossl_to_der(obj);
     if(!(a1str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(a1str, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str));
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+    if(!ASN1_STRING_set(a1str, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str))) {
+        ASN1_STRING_free(a1str);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+    }
 
     return a1str;
 }
@@ -313,9 +343,9 @@ decode_bool(unsigned char* der, long length)
     const unsigned char *p = der;
 
     if (length != 3)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid length for BOOLEAN");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid length for BOOLEAN");
     if (p[0] != 1 || p[1] != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid BOOLEAN");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid BOOLEAN");
 
     return p[2] ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
@@ -330,9 +360,9 @@ decode_int(unsigned char* der, long length)
 
     p = der;
     if(!(ai = d2i_ASN1_INTEGER(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     ret = rb_protect(asn1integer_to_num_i,
-		     (VALUE)ai, &status);
+                     (VALUE)ai, &status);
     ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
     if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
 
@@ -340,22 +370,25 @@ decode_int(unsigned char* der, long length)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-decode_bstr(unsigned char* der, long length, long *unused_bits)
+decode_bstr(unsigned char* der, long length, int *unused_bits)
 {
     ASN1_BIT_STRING *bstr;
     const unsigned char *p;
-    long len;
+    size_t len;
     VALUE ret;
+    int state;
 
     p = der;
-    if(!(bstr = d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    len = bstr->length;
-    *unused_bits = 0;
-    if(bstr->flags & ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT)
-	*unused_bits = bstr->flags & 0x07;
-    ret = rb_str_new((const char *)bstr->data, len);
+    if (!(bstr = d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(NULL, &p, length)))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING");
+    if (!ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_length(bstr, &len, unused_bits)) {
+        ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(bstr);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_length");
+    }
+    ret = ossl_str_new((const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(bstr), len, &state);
     ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(bstr);
+    if (state)
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -370,9 +403,9 @@ decode_enum(unsigned char* der, long length)
 
     p = der;
     if(!(ai = d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     ret = rb_protect(asn1integer_to_num_i,
-		     (VALUE)ai, &status);
+                     (VALUE)ai, &status);
     ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(ai);
     if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
 
@@ -387,38 +420,33 @@ decode_null(unsigned char* der, long length)
 
     p = der;
     if(!(null = d2i_ASN1_NULL(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     ASN1_NULL_free(null);
 
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+VALUE
+asn1obj_to_string_i(VALUE arg)
+{
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string((const ASN1_OBJECT *)arg);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 decode_obj(unsigned char* der, long length)
 {
     ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
     const unsigned char *p;
     VALUE ret;
-    int nid;
-    BIO *bio;
+    int state;
 
     p = der;
-    if(!(obj = d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    if((nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj)) != NID_undef){
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-    }
-    else{
-	if(!(bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))){
-	    ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-	}
-	i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bio, obj);
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ret = ossl_membio2str(bio);
-    }
-
+    if (!(obj = d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(NULL, &p, length)))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "d2i_ASN1_OBJECT");
+    ret = rb_protect(asn1obj_to_string_i, (VALUE)obj, &state);
+    ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
+    if (state)
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -432,9 +460,9 @@ decode_time(unsigned char* der, long length)
 
     p = der;
     if(!(time = d2i_ASN1_TIME(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     ret = rb_protect(asn1time_to_time_i,
-		     (VALUE)time, &status);
+                     (VALUE)time, &status);
     ASN1_TIME_free(time);
     if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
 
@@ -445,7 +473,7 @@ static VALUE
 decode_eoc(unsigned char *der, long length)
 {
     if (length != 2 || !(der[0] == 0x00 && der[1] == 0x00))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return rb_str_new("", 0);
 }
@@ -510,62 +538,62 @@ ossl_asn1_get_asn1type(VALUE obj)
     tag = ossl_asn1_default_tag(obj);
     value = ossl_asn1_get_value(obj);
     switch(tag){
-    case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
-	ptr = (void*)(VALUE)obj_to_asn1bool(value);
-	free_func = NULL;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_INTEGER:         /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1int(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_INTEGER_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
+      case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
+        ptr = (void*)(VALUE)obj_to_asn1bool(value);
+        free_func = NULL;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_INTEGER:         /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1int(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_INTEGER_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
         rflag = rb_attr_get(obj, sivUNUSED_BITS);
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1bstr(value, NUM2INT(rflag));
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_BIT_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_NULL:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1null(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_NULL_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_UTF8STRING:      /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_T61STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING:  /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_IA5STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_ISO64STRING:     /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_BMPSTRING:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1str(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1obj(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_OBJECT_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1utime(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1gtime(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_SET:             /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_SEQUENCE:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1derstr(obj);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    default:
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unsupported ASN.1 type");
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1bstr(value, NUM2INT(rflag));
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_BIT_STRING_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_NULL:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1null(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_NULL_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_UTF8STRING:      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_T61STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING:  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_IA5STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_ISO64STRING:     /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_BMPSTRING:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1str(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
+        ptr = ossl_to_asn1obj(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_OBJECT_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1utime(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1gtime(value);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
+        break;
+      case V_ASN1_SET:             /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case V_ASN1_SEQUENCE:
+        ptr = obj_to_asn1derstr(obj);
+        free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
+        break;
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unsupported ASN.1 type");
     }
     if(!(ret = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(ASN1_TYPE)))){
-	if(free_func) free_func(ptr);
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_TYPE alloc failure");
+        if(free_func) free_func(ptr);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_TYPE alloc failure");
     }
     memset(ret, 0, sizeof(ASN1_TYPE));
     ASN1_TYPE_set(ret, tag, ptr);
@@ -580,10 +608,10 @@ ossl_asn1_default_tag(VALUE obj)
 
     tmp_class = CLASS_OF(obj);
     while (!NIL_P(tmp_class)) {
-	tag = rb_hash_lookup(class_tag_map, tmp_class);
-	if (tag != Qnil)
-	    return NUM2INT(tag);
-	tmp_class = rb_class_superclass(tmp_class);
+        tag = rb_hash_lookup(class_tag_map, tmp_class);
+        if (tag != Qnil)
+            return NUM2INT(tag);
+        tmp_class = rb_class_superclass(tmp_class);
     }
 
     return -1;
@@ -596,7 +624,7 @@ ossl_asn1_tag(VALUE obj)
 
     tag = ossl_asn1_get_tag(obj);
     if(NIL_P(tag))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "tag number not specified");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "tag number not specified");
 
     return NUM2INT(tag);
 }
@@ -608,28 +636,57 @@ ossl_asn1_tag_class(VALUE obj)
 
     s = ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(obj);
     if (NIL_P(s) || s == sym_UNIVERSAL)
-	return V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
+        return V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
     else if (s == sym_APPLICATION)
-	return V_ASN1_APPLICATION;
+        return V_ASN1_APPLICATION;
     else if (s == sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	return V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+        return V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
     else if (s == sym_PRIVATE)
-	return V_ASN1_PRIVATE;
+        return V_ASN1_PRIVATE;
     else
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ossl_asn1_class2sym(int tc)
 {
     if((tc & V_ASN1_PRIVATE) == V_ASN1_PRIVATE)
-	return sym_PRIVATE;
+        return sym_PRIVATE;
     else if((tc & V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) == V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	return sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+        return sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
     else if((tc & V_ASN1_APPLICATION) == V_ASN1_APPLICATION)
-	return sym_APPLICATION;
+        return sym_APPLICATION;
     else
-	return sym_UNIVERSAL;
+        return sym_UNIVERSAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data.new(value, tag, tag_class) => ASN1Data
+ *
+ * _value_: Please have a look at Constructive and Primitive to see how Ruby
+ * types are mapped to ASN.1 types and vice versa.
+ *
+ * _tag_: An Integer indicating the tag number.
+ *
+ * _tag_class_: A Symbol indicating the tag class. Please cf. ASN1 for
+ * possible values.
+ *
+ * == Example
+ *   asn1_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 2, :UNIVERSAL) # => Same as OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
+ *   tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 0, :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) # implicitly 0-tagged INTEGER
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_asn1data_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE tag, VALUE tag_class)
+{
+    if(!SYMBOL_P(tag_class))
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
+    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
+    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
+
+    return self;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -645,35 +702,35 @@ to_der_internal(VALUE self, int constructed, int indef_len, VALUE body)
 
     body_length = RSTRING_LENINT(body);
     if (ossl_asn1_get_tagging(self) == sym_EXPLICIT) {
-	int inner_length, e_encoding = indef_len ? 2 : 1;
-
-	if (default_tag_number == -1)
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "explicit tagging of unknown tag");
-
-	inner_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, default_tag_number);
-	total_length = ASN1_object_size(e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number);
-	str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	/* Put explicit tag */
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number, tag_class);
-	/* Append inner object */
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, default_tag_number, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
-	memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
-	p += body_length;
-	if (indef_len) {
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For inner object */
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For wrapper object */
-	}
+        int inner_length, e_encoding = indef_len ? 2 : 1;
+
+        if (default_tag_number == -1)
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "explicit tagging of unknown tag");
+
+        inner_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, default_tag_number);
+        total_length = ASN1_object_size(e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number);
+        str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
+        /* Put explicit tag */
+        ASN1_put_object(&p, e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number, tag_class);
+        /* Append inner object */
+        ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, default_tag_number, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
+        memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
+        p += body_length;
+        if (indef_len) {
+            ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For inner object */
+            ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For wrapper object */
+        }
     }
     else {
-	total_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, tag_number);
-	str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, tag_number, tag_class);
-	memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
-	p += body_length;
-	if (indef_len)
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p);
+        total_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, tag_number);
+        str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
+        ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, tag_number, tag_class);
+        memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
+        p += body_length;
+        if (indef_len)
+            ASN1_put_eoc(&p);
     }
     assert(p - (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str) == total_length);
     return str;
@@ -696,83 +753,88 @@ ossl_asn1data_to_der(VALUE self)
     VALUE value = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
 
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rb_cArray))
-	return ossl_asn1cons_to_der(self);
+        return ossl_asn1cons_to_der(self);
     else {
-	if (RTEST(ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(self)))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length form cannot be used " \
-		       "with primitive encoding");
-	return ossl_asn1prim_to_der(self);
+        if (RTEST(ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(self)))
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length form cannot be used " \
+                       "with primitive encoding");
+        return ossl_asn1prim_to_der(self);
     }
 }
 
+static VALUE ossl_asn1_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+static VALUE ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset,
+                               int depth, int yield, long *num_read);
+
 static VALUE
 int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(unsigned char **pp, long length, long hlen, int tag,
-			   VALUE tc, long *num_read)
+                           VALUE tc, long *num_read)
 {
     VALUE value, asn1data;
     unsigned char *p;
-    long flag = 0;
+    int flag = 0;
 
     p = *pp;
 
     if(tc == sym_UNIVERSAL && tag < ossl_asn1_info_size) {
-	switch(tag){
-	case V_ASN1_EOC:
-	    value = decode_eoc(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
-	    value = decode_bool(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_INTEGER:
-	    value = decode_int(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
-	    value = decode_bstr(p, hlen+length, &flag);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_NULL:
-	    value = decode_null(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
-	    value = decode_enum(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
-	    value = decode_obj(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:           /* FALLTHROUGH */
-	case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	    value = decode_time(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	default:
-	    /* use original value */
-	    p += hlen;
-	    value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
-	    break;
-	}
+        switch(tag){
+          case V_ASN1_EOC:
+            value = decode_eoc(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
+            value = decode_bool(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_INTEGER:
+            value = decode_int(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
+            value = decode_bstr(p, hlen+length, &flag);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_NULL:
+            value = decode_null(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
+            value = decode_enum(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
+            value = decode_obj(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:           /* FALLTHROUGH */
+          case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
+            value = decode_time(p, hlen+length);
+            break;
+          default:
+            /* use original value */
+            p += hlen;
+            value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
+            break;
+        }
     }
     else {
-	p += hlen;
-	value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
+        p += hlen;
+        value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
     }
 
     *pp += hlen + length;
     *num_read = hlen + length;
 
     if (tc == sym_UNIVERSAL &&
-	tag < ossl_asn1_info_size && ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass) {
-	VALUE klass = *ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass;
-	if (tag == V_ASN1_EOC)
-	    asn1data = rb_funcall(cASN1EndOfContent, rb_intern("new"), 0);
-	else {
-	    VALUE args[4] = { value, INT2NUM(tag), Qnil, tc };
-	    asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(klass, rb_intern("new"), 4, args);
-	}
-	if(tag == V_ASN1_BIT_STRING){
-	    rb_ivar_set(asn1data, sivUNUSED_BITS, LONG2NUM(flag));
-	}
+        tag < ossl_asn1_info_size && ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass) {
+        VALUE klass = *ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass;
+        VALUE args[4];
+        args[0] = value;
+        args[1] = INT2NUM(tag);
+        args[2] = Qnil;
+        args[3] = tc;
+        asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(klass);
+        ossl_asn1_initialize(4, args, asn1data);
+        if(tag == V_ASN1_BIT_STRING){
+            rb_ivar_set(asn1data, sivUNUSED_BITS, INT2NUM(flag));
+        }
     }
     else {
-        VALUE args[3] = { value, INT2NUM(tag), tc };
-        asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(cASN1Data, rb_intern("new"), 3, args);
+        asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Data);
+        ossl_asn1data_initialize(asn1data, value, INT2NUM(tag), tc);
     }
 
     return asn1data;
@@ -780,8 +842,8 @@ int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(unsigned char **pp, long length, long hlen, int tag,
 
 static VALUE
 int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(unsigned char **pp, long max_len, long length,
-			   long *offset, int depth, int yield, int j,
-			   int tag, VALUE tc, long *num_read)
+                           long *offset, int depth, int yield, int j,
+                           int tag, VALUE tc, long *num_read)
 {
     VALUE value, asn1data, ary;
     int indefinite;
@@ -792,48 +854,52 @@ int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(unsigned char **pp, long max_len, long length,
 
     available_len = indefinite ? max_len : length;
     while (available_len > 0) {
-	long inner_read = 0;
-	value = ossl_asn1_decode0(pp, available_len, &off, depth + 1, yield, &inner_read);
-	*num_read += inner_read;
-	available_len -= inner_read;
-
-	if (indefinite &&
-	    ossl_asn1_tag(value) == V_ASN1_EOC &&
-	    ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(value) == sym_UNIVERSAL) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	rb_ary_push(ary, value);
+        long inner_read = 0;
+        value = ossl_asn1_decode0(pp, available_len, &off, depth + 1, yield, &inner_read);
+        *num_read += inner_read;
+        available_len -= inner_read;
+
+        if (indefinite) {
+            if (ossl_asn1_tag(value) == V_ASN1_EOC &&
+                ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(value) == sym_UNIVERSAL)
+                break;
+            if (available_len == 0)
+                ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "EOC missing in indefinite length encoding");
+        }
+        rb_ary_push(ary, value);
     }
 
     if (tc == sym_UNIVERSAL) {
-        if (tag == V_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-            VALUE args[4] = { ary, INT2NUM(tag), Qnil, tc };
-            asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(cASN1Sequence, rb_intern("new"), 4, args);
-        } else if (tag == V_ASN1_SET) {
-            VALUE args[4] = { ary, INT2NUM(tag), Qnil, tc };
-            asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(cASN1Set, rb_intern("new"), 4, args);
-        } else {
-            VALUE args[4] = { ary, INT2NUM(tag), Qnil, tc };
-            asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(cASN1Constructive, rb_intern("new"), 4, args);
-        }
+        VALUE args[4];
+        if (tag == V_ASN1_SEQUENCE || tag == V_ASN1_SET)
+            asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(*ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass);
+        else
+            asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Constructive);
+        args[0] = ary;
+        args[1] = INT2NUM(tag);
+        args[2] = Qnil;
+        args[3] = tc;
+        ossl_asn1_initialize(4, args, asn1data);
     }
     else {
-        VALUE args[3] = {ary, INT2NUM(tag), tc};
-        asn1data = rb_funcallv_public(cASN1Data, rb_intern("new"), 3, args);
+        asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Data);
+        ossl_asn1data_initialize(asn1data, ary, INT2NUM(tag), tc);
     }
 
     if (indefinite)
-	ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qtrue);
+        ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qtrue);
     else
-	ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qfalse);
+        ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qfalse);
 
     *offset = off;
     return asn1data;
 }
 
+#define MAX_NESTING_DEPTH 200
+
 static VALUE
 ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset, int depth,
-		  int yield, long *num_read)
+                  int yield, long *num_read)
 {
     unsigned char *start, *p;
     const unsigned char *p0;
@@ -841,6 +907,10 @@ ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset, int depth,
     int tag, tc, j;
     VALUE asn1data, tag_class;
 
+    if (depth > MAX_NESTING_DEPTH) {
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "nesting depth %d exceeds limit", depth);
+    }
+
     p = *pp;
     start = p;
     p0 = p;
@@ -849,46 +919,46 @@ ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset, int depth,
     if(j & 0x80) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     if(len > length) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "value is too short");
     if((tc & V_ASN1_PRIVATE) == V_ASN1_PRIVATE)
-	tag_class = sym_PRIVATE;
+        tag_class = sym_PRIVATE;
     else if((tc & V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) == V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	tag_class = sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+        tag_class = sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
     else if((tc & V_ASN1_APPLICATION) == V_ASN1_APPLICATION)
-	tag_class = sym_APPLICATION;
+        tag_class = sym_APPLICATION;
     else
-	tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
+        tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
 
     hlen = p - start;
 
     if(yield) {
-	VALUE arg = rb_ary_new();
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(depth));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(*offset));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(hlen));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(len));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, (j & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-	rb_ary_push(arg, ossl_asn1_class2sym(tc));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, INT2NUM(tag));
-	rb_yield(arg);
+        VALUE arg = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(depth));
+        rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(*offset));
+        rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(hlen));
+        rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(len));
+        rb_ary_push(arg, (j & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        rb_ary_push(arg, ossl_asn1_class2sym(tc));
+        rb_ary_push(arg, INT2NUM(tag));
+        rb_yield(arg);
     }
 
     if(j & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED) {
-	*pp += hlen;
-	off += hlen;
-	asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(pp, length - hlen, len, &off, depth, yield, j, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
-	inner_read += hlen;
+        *pp += hlen;
+        off += hlen;
+        asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(pp, length - hlen, len, &off, depth, yield, j, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
+        inner_read += hlen;
     }
     else {
-	if ((j & 0x01) && (len == 0))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length for primitive value");
-	asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(pp, len, hlen, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
-	off += hlen + len;
+        if ((j & 0x01) && (len == 0))
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length for primitive value");
+        asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(pp, len, hlen, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
+        off += hlen + len;
     }
     if (num_read)
-	*num_read = inner_read;
+        *num_read = inner_read;
     if (len != 0 && inner_read != hlen + len) {
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
-		   "Type mismatch. Bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld",
-		   inner_read, hlen + len);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
+                   "Type mismatch. Bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld",
+                   inner_read, hlen + len);
     }
 
     *offset = off;
@@ -899,9 +969,9 @@ static void
 int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(long len, long read, long offset)
 {
     if (len != 0 && (read != len || offset != len)) {
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
-		   "Type mismatch. Total bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld Offset: %ld",
-		   read, len, offset);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
+                   "Type mismatch. Total bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld Offset: %ld",
+                   read, len, offset);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1001,17 +1071,94 @@ ossl_asn1_decode_all(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
     tmp_len = len;
     ary = rb_ary_new();
     while (tmp_len > 0) {
-	long tmp_read = 0;
-	val = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, tmp_len, &offset, 0, 0, &tmp_read);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, val);
-	read += tmp_read;
-	tmp_len -= tmp_read;
+        long tmp_read = 0;
+        val = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, tmp_len, &offset, 0, 0, &tmp_read);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, val);
+        read += tmp_read;
+        tmp_len -= tmp_read;
     }
     RB_GC_GUARD(tmp);
     int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(len, read, offset);
     return ary;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive.new(value [, tag, tagging, tag_class ]) => Primitive
+ *
+ * _value_: is mandatory.
+ *
+ * _tag_: optional, may be specified for tagged values. If no _tag_ is
+ * specified, the UNIVERSAL tag corresponding to the Primitive sub-class
+ * is used by default.
+ *
+ * _tagging_: may be used as an encoding hint to encode a value either
+ * explicitly or implicitly, see ASN1 for possible values.
+ *
+ * _tag_class_: if _tag_ and _tagging_ are +nil+ then this is set to
+ * +:UNIVERSAL+ by default. If either _tag_ or _tagging_ are set then
+ * +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+ is used as the default. For possible values please
+ * cf. ASN1.
+ *
+ * == Example
+ *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
+ *   zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :IMPLICIT)
+ *   private_explicit_zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :EXPLICIT, :PRIVATE)
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_asn1_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE value, tag, tagging, tag_class;
+    int default_tag;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &value, &tag, &tagging, &tag_class);
+    default_tag = ossl_asn1_default_tag(self);
+
+    if (default_tag == -1 || argc > 1) {
+        if(NIL_P(tag))
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "must specify tag number");
+        if(!NIL_P(tagging) && !SYMBOL_P(tagging))
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tagging method");
+        if(NIL_P(tag_class)) {
+            if (NIL_P(tagging))
+                tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
+            else
+                tag_class = sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+        }
+        if(!SYMBOL_P(tag_class))
+            ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
+    }
+    else{
+        tag = INT2NUM(default_tag);
+        tagging = Qnil;
+        tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
+    }
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
+    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tagging(self, tagging);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
+    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
+    if (default_tag == V_ASN1_BIT_STRING)
+        rb_ivar_set(self, sivUNUSED_BITS, INT2FIX(0));
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_asn1eoc_initialize(VALUE self) {
+    VALUE tag, tagging, tag_class, value;
+    tag = INT2FIX(0);
+    tagging = Qnil;
+    tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
+    value = rb_str_new("", 0);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
+    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tagging(self, tagging);
+    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
+    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
+    return self;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 ossl_asn1eoc_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1034,20 +1181,20 @@ ossl_asn1prim_to_der(VALUE self)
     VALUE str;
 
     if (ossl_asn1_default_tag(self) == -1) {
-	str = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-	return to_der_internal(self, 0, 0, StringValue(str));
+        str = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
+        return to_der_internal(self, 0, 0, StringValue(str));
     }
 
     asn1 = ossl_asn1_get_asn1type(self);
     alllen = i2d_ASN1_TYPE(asn1, NULL);
     if (alllen < 0) {
-	ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "i2d_ASN1_TYPE");
+        ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "i2d_ASN1_TYPE");
     }
     str = ossl_str_new(NULL, alllen, &state);
     if (state) {
-	ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
+        ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
     }
     p0 = p1 = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_ASN1_TYPE(asn1, &p0) < 0) {
@@ -1060,7 +1207,7 @@ ossl_asn1prim_to_der(VALUE self)
     /* Strip header since to_der_internal() wants only the payload */
     j = ASN1_get_object((const unsigned char **)&p1, &bodylen, &tag, &tc, alllen);
     if (j & 0x80)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_get_object"); /* should not happen */
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_get_object"); /* should not happen */
 
     return to_der_internal(self, 0, 0, rb_str_drop_bytes(str, alllen - bodylen));
 }
@@ -1082,22 +1229,22 @@ ossl_asn1cons_to_der(VALUE self)
     ary = rb_convert_type(ossl_asn1_get_value(self), T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_a");
     str = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	VALUE item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-
-	if (indef_len && rb_obj_is_kind_of(item, cASN1EndOfContent)) {
-	    if (i != RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1)
-		ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "illegal EOC octets in value");
-
-	    /*
-	     * EOC is not really part of the content, but we required to add one
-	     * at the end in the past.
-	     */
-	    break;
-	}
-
-	item = ossl_to_der_if_possible(item);
-	StringValue(item);
-	rb_str_append(str, item);
+        VALUE item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (indef_len && rb_obj_is_kind_of(item, cASN1EndOfContent)) {
+            if (i != RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1)
+                ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "illegal EOC octets in value");
+
+            /*
+             * EOC is not really part of the content, but we required to add one
+             * at the end in the past.
+             */
+            break;
+        }
+
+        item = ossl_to_der_if_possible(item);
+        StringValue(item);
+        rb_str_append(str, item);
     }
 
     return to_der_internal(self, 1, indef_len, str);
@@ -1105,6 +1252,27 @@ ossl_asn1cons_to_der(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
+ *    asn1_ary.each { |asn1| block } => asn1_ary
+ *
+ * Calls the given block once for each element in self, passing that element
+ * as parameter _asn1_. If no block is given, an enumerator is returned
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * == Example
+ *   asn1_ary.each do |asn1|
+ *     puts asn1
+ *   end
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_asn1cons_each(VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_block_call(ossl_asn1_get_value(self), id_each, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
  *    OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId.register(object_id, short_name, long_name)
  *
  * This adds a new ObjectId to the internal tables. Where _object_id_ is the
@@ -1122,7 +1290,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_s_register(VALUE self, VALUE oid, VALUE sn, VALUE ln)
     StringValueCStr(ln);
 
     if(!OBJ_create(RSTRING_PTR(oid), RSTRING_PTR(sn), RSTRING_PTR(ln)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -1142,7 +1310,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_get_sn(VALUE self)
 
     val = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
     if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(val))) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
+        ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1162,7 +1330,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_get_ln(VALUE self)
 
     val = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
     if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(val))) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2ln(nid));
+        ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2ln(nid));
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1170,23 +1338,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_get_ln(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 asn1obj_get_oid_i(VALUE vobj)
 {
-    ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj = (void *)vobj;
-    VALUE str;
-    int len;
-
-    str = rb_usascii_str_new(NULL, 127);
-    len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str), a1obj, 1);
-    if (len <= 0 || len == INT_MAX)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_obj2txt");
-    if (len > RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
-	/* +1 is for the \0 terminator added by OBJ_obj2txt() */
-	rb_str_resize(str, len + 1);
-	len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), len + 1, a1obj, 1);
-	if (len <= 0)
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_obj2txt");
-    }
-    rb_str_set_len(str, len);
-    return str;
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_oid((const ASN1_OBJECT *)vobj);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1203,11 +1355,11 @@ ossl_asn1obj_get_oid(VALUE self)
     ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
     int state;
 
-    a1obj = obj_to_asn1obj(ossl_asn1_get_value(self));
+    a1obj = ossl_to_asn1obj(ossl_asn1_get_value(self));
     str = rb_protect(asn1obj_get_oid_i, (VALUE)a1obj, &state);
     ASN1_OBJECT_free(a1obj);
     if (state)
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
     return str;
 }
 
@@ -1232,7 +1384,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
 #define OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(klass) \
 static VALUE ossl_asn1_##klass(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)\
-{ return rb_funcallv_public(cASN1##klass, rb_intern("new"), argc, argv); }
+{ return rb_funcall3(cASN1##klass, rb_intern("new"), argc, argv); }
 
 OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Boolean)
 OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Integer)
@@ -1262,13 +1414,6 @@ void
 Init_ossl_asn1(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-    VALUE ary;
-    int i;
-
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
 
     sym_UNIVERSAL = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("UNIVERSAL"));
     sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("CONTEXT_SPECIFIC"));
@@ -1418,17 +1563,20 @@ Init_ossl_asn1(void)
     rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "traverse", ossl_asn1_traverse, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "decode", ossl_asn1_decode, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "decode_all", ossl_asn1_decode_all, 1);
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
 
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(ossl_asn1_info_size);
+    for (int i = 0; i < ossl_asn1_info_size; i++) {
+        const char *name = ossl_asn1_info[i].name;
+        if (name[0] == '[')
+            continue;
+        rb_define_const(mASN1, name, INT2NUM(i));
+        rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(name)));
+    }
+    rb_obj_freeze(ary);
     /*
      * Array storing tag names at the tag's index.
      */
     rb_define_const(mASN1, "UNIVERSAL_TAG_NAME", ary);
-    for(i = 0; i < ossl_asn1_info_size; i++){
-	if(ossl_asn1_info[i].name[0] == '[') continue;
-	rb_define_const(mASN1, ossl_asn1_info[i].name, INT2NUM(i));
-	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_str_new2(ossl_asn1_info[i].name));
-    }
 
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data
      *
@@ -1518,6 +1666,42 @@ Init_ossl_asn1(void)
      *   puts int2.value # => 1
      */
     cASN1Data = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "ASN1Data", rb_cObject);
+    /*
+     * Carries the value of a ASN.1 type.
+     * Please confer Constructive and Primitive for the mappings between
+     * ASN.1 data types and Ruby classes.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("value"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * An Integer representing the tag number of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * A Symbol representing the tag class of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
+     * See ASN1Data for possible values.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag_class"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * Never +nil+. A boolean value indicating whether the encoding uses
+     * indefinite length (in the case of parsing) or whether an indefinite
+     * length form shall be used (in the encoding case).
+     * In DER, every value uses definite length form. But in scenarios where
+     * large amounts of data need to be transferred it might be desirable to
+     * have some kind of streaming support available.
+     * For example, huge OCTET STRINGs are preferably sent in smaller-sized
+     * chunks, each at a time.
+     * This is possible in BER by setting the length bytes of an encoding
+     * to zero and by this indicating that the following value will be
+     * sent in chunks. Indefinite length encodings are always constructed.
+     * The end of such a stream of chunks is indicated by sending a EOC
+     * (End of Content) tag. SETs and SEQUENCEs may use an indefinite length
+     * encoding, but also primitive types such as e.g. OCTET STRINGS or
+     * BIT STRINGS may leverage this functionality (cf. ITU-T X.690).
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("indefinite_length"), 1, 1, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cASN1Data, "infinite_length", "indefinite_length");
+    rb_define_alias(cASN1Data, "infinite_length=", "indefinite_length=");
+    rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "initialize", ossl_asn1data_initialize, 3);
     rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "to_der", ossl_asn1data_to_der, 0);
 
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive
@@ -1585,6 +1769,16 @@ Init_ossl_asn1(void)
      *   prim_zero_tagged_explicit = <class>.new(value, 0, :EXPLICIT)
      */
     cASN1Primitive = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "Primitive", cASN1Data);
+    /*
+     * May be used as a hint for encoding a value either implicitly or
+     * explicitly by setting it either to +:IMPLICIT+ or to +:EXPLICIT+.
+     * _tagging_ is not set when a ASN.1 structure is parsed using
+     * OpenSSL::ASN1.decode.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Primitive, rb_intern("tagging"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
+    rb_undef_method(cASN1Primitive, "indefinite_length=");
+    rb_undef_method(cASN1Primitive, "infinite_length=");
+    rb_define_method(cASN1Primitive, "initialize", ossl_asn1_initialize, -1);
     rb_define_method(cASN1Primitive, "to_der", ossl_asn1prim_to_der, 0);
 
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::Constructive
@@ -1615,7 +1809,17 @@ Init_ossl_asn1(void)
      *   set = OpenSSL::ASN1::Set.new( [ int, str ] )
      */
     cASN1Constructive = rb_define_class_under(mASN1,"Constructive", cASN1Data);
+    rb_include_module(cASN1Constructive, rb_mEnumerable);
+    /*
+     * May be used as a hint for encoding a value either implicitly or
+     * explicitly by setting it either to +:IMPLICIT+ or to +:EXPLICIT+.
+     * _tagging_ is not set when a ASN.1 structure is parsed using
+     * OpenSSL::ASN1.decode.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cASN1Constructive, rb_intern("tagging"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
+    rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "initialize", ossl_asn1_initialize, -1);
     rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "to_der", ossl_asn1cons_to_der, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "each", ossl_asn1cons_each, 0);
 
 #define OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(name, super) \
 do{\
@@ -1664,10 +1868,13 @@ do{\
     rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "short_name", "sn");
     rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "long_name", "ln");
     rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "==", ossl_asn1obj_eq, 1);
+    rb_attr(cASN1BitString, rb_intern("unused_bits"), 1, 1, 0);
 
+    rb_define_method(cASN1EndOfContent, "initialize", ossl_asn1eoc_initialize, 0);
     rb_define_method(cASN1EndOfContent, "to_der", ossl_asn1eoc_to_der, 0);
 
     class_tag_map = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(class_tag_map);
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1EndOfContent, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_EOC));
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Boolean, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_BOOLEAN));
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Integer, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_INTEGER));
@@ -1691,5 +1898,7 @@ do{\
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1GeneralString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING));
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1UniversalString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING));
     rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1BMPString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_BMPSTRING));
-    rb_define_const(mASN1, "CLASS_TAG_MAP", class_tag_map);
+    rb_obj_freeze(class_tag_map);
+
+    id_each = rb_intern_const("each");
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.h
index 3b689c0ee7..b605df8f3f 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.h
@@ -32,10 +32,24 @@ VALUE asn1integer_to_num(const ASN1_INTEGER *);
 ASN1_INTEGER *num_to_asn1integer(VALUE, ASN1_INTEGER *);
 
 /*
+ * ASN1_OBJECT conversions
+ */
+ASN1_OBJECT *ossl_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj);
+/*
+ * Returns the short name if available, the dotted decimal notation otherwise.
+ * This is the most common way to return ASN1_OBJECT to Ruby.
+ */
+VALUE ossl_asn1obj_to_string(const ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj);
+/*
+ * However, some places use long names instead. This is likely unintentional,
+ * but we keep the current behavior in existing methods.
+ */
+VALUE ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(const ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj);
+
+/*
  * ASN1 module
  */
 extern VALUE mASN1;
-extern VALUE eASN1Error;
 
 extern VALUE cASN1Data;
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
index 2ef2080507..cc03c5d5f7 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ ossl_obj2bio(volatile VALUE *pobj)
     BIO *bio;
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_FILE))
-	obj = rb_funcallv(obj, rb_intern("read"), 0, NULL);
+        obj = rb_funcallv(obj, rb_intern("read"), 0, NULL);
     StringValue(obj);
     bio = BIO_new_mem_buf(RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj));
     if (!bio)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "BIO_new_mem_buf");
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "BIO_new_mem_buf");
     *pobj = obj;
     return bio;
 }
@@ -32,11 +32,15 @@ ossl_membio2str(BIO *bio)
     int state;
     BUF_MEM *buf;
 
-    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &buf);
+    if (BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &buf) <= 0) {
+        BIO_free(bio);
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "BIO_get_mem_ptr");
+    }
+
     ret = ossl_str_new(buf->data, buf->length, &state);
     BIO_free(bio);
     if (state)
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
+        rb_jump_tag(state);
 
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
index 58ad83dd71..9014f2df2b 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@
 #include "ossl.h"
 
 #define NewBN(klass) \
-  TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_bn_type, 0)
+    TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_bn_type, 0)
 #define SetBN(obj, bn) do { \
-  if (!(bn)) { \
-    ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "BN wasn't initialized!"); \
-  } \
-  RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (bn); \
+    if (!(bn)) { \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "BN wasn't initialized!"); \
+    } \
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (bn); \
 } while (0)
 
 #define GetBN(obj, bn) do { \
-  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), BIGNUM, &ossl_bn_type, (bn)); \
-  if (!(bn)) { \
-    ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "BN wasn't initialized!"); \
-  } \
+    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), BIGNUM, &ossl_bn_type, (bn)); \
+    if (!(bn)) { \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "BN wasn't initialized!"); \
+    } \
 } while (0)
 
 static void
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ ossl_bn_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_bn_type = {
     "OpenSSL/BN",
     {
-	0, ossl_bn_free,
+        0, ossl_bn_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE,
 };
@@ -61,10 +61,9 @@ ossl_bn_new(const BIGNUM *bn)
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewBN(cBN);
-    newbn = bn ? BN_dup(bn) : BN_new();
-    if (!newbn) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-    }
+    newbn = BN_dup(bn);
+    if (!newbn)
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_dup");
     SetBN(obj, newbn);
 
     return obj;
@@ -76,40 +75,40 @@ integer_to_bnptr(VALUE obj, BIGNUM *orig)
     BIGNUM *bn;
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(obj)) {
-	long i;
-	unsigned char bin[sizeof(long)];
-	long n = FIX2LONG(obj);
-	unsigned long un = labs(n);
-
-	for (i = sizeof(long) - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-	    bin[i] = un & 0xff;
-	    un >>= 8;
-	}
-
-	bn = BN_bin2bn(bin, sizeof(bin), orig);
-	if (!bn)
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bin2bn");
-	if (n < 0)
-	    BN_set_negative(bn, 1);
+        long i;
+        unsigned char bin[sizeof(long)];
+        long n = FIX2LONG(obj);
+        unsigned long un = labs(n);
+
+        for (i = sizeof(long) - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+            bin[i] = un & 0xff;
+            un >>= 8;
+        }
+
+        bn = BN_bin2bn(bin, sizeof(bin), orig);
+        if (!bn)
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bin2bn");
+        if (n < 0)
+            BN_set_negative(bn, 1);
     }
     else { /* assuming Bignum */
-	size_t len = rb_absint_size(obj, NULL);
-	unsigned char *bin;
-	VALUE buf;
-	int sign;
-
-	if (INT_MAX < len) {
-	    rb_raise(eBNError, "bignum too long");
-	}
-	bin = (unsigned char*)ALLOCV_N(unsigned char, buf, len);
-	sign = rb_integer_pack(obj, bin, len, 1, 0, INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN);
-
-	bn = BN_bin2bn(bin, (int)len, orig);
-	ALLOCV_END(buf);
-	if (!bn)
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bin2bn");
-	if (sign < 0)
-	    BN_set_negative(bn, 1);
+        size_t len = rb_absint_size(obj, NULL);
+        unsigned char *bin;
+        VALUE buf;
+        int sign;
+
+        if (INT_MAX < len) {
+            rb_raise(eBNError, "bignum too long");
+        }
+        bin = (unsigned char*)ALLOCV_N(unsigned char, buf, len);
+        sign = rb_integer_pack(obj, bin, len, 1, 0, INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN);
+
+        bn = BN_bin2bn(bin, (int)len, orig);
+        ALLOCV_END(buf);
+        if (!bn)
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bin2bn");
+        if (sign < 0)
+            BN_set_negative(bn, 1);
     }
 
     return bn;
@@ -122,11 +121,11 @@ try_convert_to_bn(VALUE obj)
     VALUE newobj = Qnil;
 
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cBN))
-	return obj;
+        return obj;
     if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(obj)) {
-	newobj = NewBN(cBN); /* Handle potential mem leaks */
-	bn = integer_to_bnptr(obj, NULL);
-	SetBN(newobj, bn);
+        newobj = NewBN(cBN); /* Handle potential mem leaks */
+        bn = integer_to_bnptr(obj, NULL);
+        SetBN(newobj, bn);
     }
 
     return newobj;
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ ossl_bn_value_ptr(volatile VALUE *ptr)
 
     tmp = try_convert_to_bn(*ptr);
     if (NIL_P(tmp))
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Cannot convert into OpenSSL::BN");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Cannot convert into OpenSSL::BN");
     GetBN(tmp, bn);
     *ptr = tmp;
 
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ ossl_bn_alloc(VALUE klass)
     VALUE obj = NewBN(klass);
 
     if (!(bn = BN_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     SetBN(obj, bn);
 
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ ossl_bn_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     char *ptr;
 
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &bs) == 2) {
-	base = NUM2INT(bs);
+        base = NUM2INT(bs);
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(str)) {
@@ -261,49 +260,49 @@ ossl_bn_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
     if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(str)) {
-	GetBN(self, bn);
-	integer_to_bnptr(str, bn);
+        GetBN(self, bn);
+        integer_to_bnptr(str, bn);
 
-	return self;
+        return self;
     }
 
     if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(str, cBN))) {
-	BIGNUM *other;
-
-	GetBN(self, bn);
-	GetBN(str, other); /* Safe - we checked kind_of? above */
-	if (!BN_copy(bn, other)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	}
-	return self;
+        BIGNUM *other;
+
+        GetBN(self, bn);
+        GetBN(str, other); /* Safe - we checked kind_of? above */
+        if (!BN_copy(bn, other)) {
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        }
+        return self;
     }
 
     GetBN(self, bn);
     switch (base) {
-    case 0:
+      case 0:
         ptr = StringValuePtr(str);
         if (!BN_mpi2bn((unsigned char *)ptr, RSTRING_LENINT(str), bn)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	}
-	break;
-    case 2:
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 2:
         ptr = StringValuePtr(str);
         if (!BN_bin2bn((unsigned char *)ptr, RSTRING_LENINT(str), bn)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	}
-	break;
-    case 10:
-	if (!BN_dec2bn(&bn, StringValueCStr(str))) {
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	}
-	break;
-    case 16:
-	if (!BN_hex2bn(&bn, StringValueCStr(str))) {
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	}
-	break;
-    default:
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 10:
+        if (!BN_dec2bn(&bn, StringValueCStr(str))) {
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 16:
+        if (!BN_hex2bn(&bn, StringValueCStr(str))) {
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
     }
     return self;
 }
@@ -335,32 +334,32 @@ ossl_bn_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     char *buf;
 
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &bs) == 1) {
-	base = NUM2INT(bs);
+        base = NUM2INT(bs);
     }
     GetBN(self, bn);
     switch (base) {
-    case 0:
-	len = BN_bn2mpi(bn, NULL);
+      case 0:
+        len = BN_bn2mpi(bn, NULL);
         str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-	if (BN_bn2mpi(bn, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	break;
-    case 2:
-	len = BN_num_bytes(bn);
+        if (BN_bn2mpi(bn, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        len = BN_num_bytes(bn);
         str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-	if (BN_bn2bin(bn, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	break;
-    case 10:
-	if (!(buf = BN_bn2dec(bn))) ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	str = ossl_buf2str(buf, rb_long2int(strlen(buf)));
-	break;
-    case 16:
-	if (!(buf = BN_bn2hex(bn))) ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
-	str = ossl_buf2str(buf, rb_long2int(strlen(buf)));
-	break;
-    default:
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+        if (BN_bn2bin(bn, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        break;
+      case 10:
+        if (!(buf = BN_bn2dec(bn))) ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        str = ossl_buf2str(buf, rb_long2int(strlen(buf)));
+        break;
+      case 16:
+        if (!(buf = BN_bn2hex(bn))) ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        str = ossl_buf2str(buf, rb_long2int(strlen(buf)));
+        break;
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
     }
 
     return str;
@@ -380,7 +379,7 @@ ossl_bn_to_i(VALUE self)
     GetBN(self, bn);
 
     if (!(txt = BN_bn2hex(bn))) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     num = rb_cstr_to_inum(txt, 16, Qtrue);
     OPENSSL_free(txt);
@@ -398,31 +397,31 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_bn_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     switch(TYPE(other)) {
-    case T_STRING:
-	self = ossl_bn_to_s(0, NULL, self);
-	break;
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-    case T_BIGNUM:
-	self = ossl_bn_to_i(self);
-	break;
-    default:
-	if (!RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cBN))) {
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Don't know how to coerce");
-	}
+      case T_STRING:
+        self = ossl_bn_to_s(0, NULL, self);
+        break;
+      case T_FIXNUM:
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+        self = ossl_bn_to_i(self);
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (!RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cBN))) {
+            ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Don't know how to coerce");
+        }
     }
     return rb_assoc_new(other, self);
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_BOOL1(func)				\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)				\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn;					\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	if (BN_##func(bn)) {				\
-	    return Qtrue;				\
-	}						\
-	return Qfalse;					\
+#define BIGNUM_BOOL1(func)                              \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)                          \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn;                                     \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                                \
+        if (BN_##func(bn)) {                            \
+            return Qtrue;                               \
+        }                                               \
+        return Qfalse;                                  \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -457,27 +456,27 @@ ossl_bn_is_negative(VALUE self)
 
     GetBN(self, bn);
     if (BN_is_zero(bn))
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     return BN_is_negative(bn) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_1c(func)					\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)				\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn, *result;				\
-	VALUE obj;					\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));		\
-	if (!(result = BN_new())) {			\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);			\
-	}						\
-	if (BN_##func(result, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) {	\
-	    BN_free(result);				\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);			\
-	}						\
-	SetBN(obj, result);				\
-	return obj;					\
+#define BIGNUM_1c(func)                                 \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)                          \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn, *result;                            \
+        VALUE obj;                                      \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                                \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                \
+        if (!(result = BN_new())) {                     \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                 \
+        }                                               \
+        if (BN_##func(result, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) {  \
+            BN_free(result);                            \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                 \
+        }                                               \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                             \
+        return obj;                                     \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -487,23 +486,23 @@ ossl_bn_is_negative(VALUE self)
  */
 BIGNUM_1c(sqr)
 
-#define BIGNUM_2(func)					\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;	\
-	VALUE obj;					\
-	GetBN(self, bn1);				\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));		\
-	if (!(result = BN_new())) {			\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);			\
-	}						\
-	if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2) <= 0) {		\
-	    BN_free(result);				\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);			\
-	}						\
-	SetBN(obj, result);				\
-	return obj;					\
+#define BIGNUM_2(func)                                  \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)             \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;   \
+        VALUE obj;                                      \
+        GetBN(self, bn1);                               \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                \
+        if (!(result = BN_new())) {                     \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                 \
+        }                                               \
+        if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2) <= 0) {         \
+            BN_free(result);                            \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                 \
+        }                                               \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                             \
+        return obj;                                     \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -520,23 +519,23 @@ BIGNUM_2(add)
  */
 BIGNUM_2(sub)
 
-#define BIGNUM_2c(func)						\
-    static VALUE						\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)			\
-    {								\
-	BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;		\
-	VALUE obj;						\
-	GetBN(self, bn1);					\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));			\
-	if (!(result = BN_new())) {				\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);				\
-	}							\
-	if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) {	\
-	    BN_free(result);					\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);				\
-	}							\
-	SetBN(obj, result);					\
-	return obj;						\
+#define BIGNUM_2c(func)                                         \
+    static VALUE                                                \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)                     \
+    {                                                           \
+        BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;           \
+        VALUE obj;                                              \
+        GetBN(self, bn1);                                       \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                        \
+        if (!(result = BN_new())) {                             \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                         \
+        }                                                       \
+        if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) {    \
+            BN_free(result);                                    \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                         \
+        }                                                       \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                                     \
+        return obj;                                             \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -574,18 +573,18 @@ BIGNUM_2c(gcd)
  */
 BIGNUM_2c(mod_sqr)
 
-#define BIGNUM_2cr(func)					\
-    static VALUE						\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)			\
-    {								\
-	BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;		\
-	VALUE obj;						\
-	GetBN(self, bn1);					\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));			\
-	if (!(result = BN_##func(NULL, bn1, bn2, ossl_bn_ctx)))	\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);				\
-	SetBN(obj, result);					\
-	return obj;						\
+#define BIGNUM_2cr(func)                                        \
+    static VALUE                                                \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)                     \
+    {                                                           \
+        BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other), *result;           \
+        VALUE obj;                                              \
+        GetBN(self, bn1);                                       \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                        \
+        if (!(result = BN_##func(NULL, bn1, bn2, ossl_bn_ctx))) \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                         \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                                     \
+        return obj;                                             \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -620,16 +619,16 @@ ossl_bn_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     obj1 = NewBN(klass);
     obj2 = NewBN(klass);
     if (!(r1 = BN_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     if (!(r2 = BN_new())) {
-	BN_free(r1);
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        BN_free(r1);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     if (!BN_div(r1, r2, bn1, bn2, ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-	BN_free(r1);
-	BN_free(r2);
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        BN_free(r1);
+        BN_free(r2);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     SetBN(obj1, r1);
     SetBN(obj2, r2);
@@ -637,24 +636,24 @@ ossl_bn_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return rb_ary_new3(2, obj1, obj2);
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_3c(func)						\
-    static VALUE						\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other1, VALUE other2)	\
-    {								\
-	BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other1);			\
-	BIGNUM *bn3 = GetBNPtr(other2), *result;		\
-	VALUE obj;						\
-	GetBN(self, bn1);					\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));			\
-	if (!(result = BN_new())) {				\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);				\
-	}							\
-	if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2, bn3, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) { \
-	    BN_free(result);					\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);				\
-	}							\
-	SetBN(obj, result);					\
-	return obj;						\
+#define BIGNUM_3c(func)                                         \
+    static VALUE                                                \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other1, VALUE other2)      \
+    {                                                           \
+        BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other1);                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn3 = GetBNPtr(other2), *result;                \
+        VALUE obj;                                              \
+        GetBN(self, bn1);                                       \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                        \
+        if (!(result = BN_new())) {                             \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                         \
+        }                                                       \
+        if (BN_##func(result, bn1, bn2, bn3, ossl_bn_ctx) <= 0) { \
+            BN_free(result);                                    \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                         \
+        }                                                       \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                                     \
+        return obj;                                             \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -685,17 +684,17 @@ BIGNUM_3c(mod_mul)
  */
 BIGNUM_3c(mod_exp)
 
-#define BIGNUM_BIT(func)				\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bit)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn;					\
-	rb_check_frozen(self);				\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	if (BN_##func(bn, NUM2INT(bit)) <= 0) {		\
-	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);			\
-	}						\
-	return self;					\
+#define BIGNUM_BIT(func)                                \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bit)               \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn;                                     \
+        rb_check_frozen(self);                          \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                                \
+        if (BN_##func(bn, NUM2INT(bit)) <= 0) {         \
+            ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);                 \
+        }                                               \
+        return self;                                    \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -734,30 +733,30 @@ ossl_bn_is_bit_set(VALUE self, VALUE bit)
     b = NUM2INT(bit);
     GetBN(self, bn);
     if (BN_is_bit_set(bn, b)) {
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_SHIFT(func)				\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn, *result;				\
-	int b;						\
-	VALUE obj;					\
-	b = NUM2INT(bits);				\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));		\
-	if (!(result = BN_new())) {			\
-		ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);		\
-	}						\
-	if (BN_##func(result, bn, b) <= 0) {		\
-		BN_free(result);			\
-		ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);		\
-	}						\
-	SetBN(obj, result);				\
-	return obj;					\
+#define BIGNUM_SHIFT(func)                              \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)              \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn, *result;                            \
+        int b;                                          \
+        VALUE obj;                                      \
+        b = NUM2INT(bits);                              \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                                \
+        obj = NewBN(rb_obj_class(self));                \
+        if (!(result = BN_new())) {                     \
+                ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);             \
+        }                                               \
+        if (BN_##func(result, bn, b) <= 0) {            \
+                BN_free(result);                        \
+                ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);             \
+        }                                               \
+        SetBN(obj, result);                             \
+        return obj;                                     \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -774,18 +773,18 @@ BIGNUM_SHIFT(lshift)
  */
 BIGNUM_SHIFT(rshift)
 
-#define BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(func)				\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_self_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn;					\
-	int b;						\
-	rb_check_frozen(self);				\
-	b = NUM2INT(bits);				\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	if (BN_##func(bn, bn, b) <= 0)			\
-		ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);		\
-	return self;					\
+#define BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(func)                         \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_self_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)         \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn;                                     \
+        int b;                                          \
+        rb_check_frozen(self);                          \
+        b = NUM2INT(bits);                              \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                                \
+        if (BN_##func(bn, bn, b) <= 0)                  \
+                ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);             \
+        return self;                                    \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -887,32 +886,32 @@ ossl_bn_s_generate_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     num = NUM2INT(vnum);
 
     if (vsafe == Qfalse) {
-	safe = 0;
+        safe = 0;
     }
     if (!NIL_P(vadd)) {
-	add = GetBNPtr(vadd);
-	rem = NIL_P(vrem) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(vrem);
+        add = GetBNPtr(vadd);
+        rem = NIL_P(vrem) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(vrem);
     }
     obj = NewBN(klass);
     if (!(result = BN_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     if (!BN_generate_prime_ex(result, num, safe, add, rem, NULL)) {
-	BN_free(result);
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        BN_free(result);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     SetBN(obj, result);
 
     return obj;
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_NUM(func)			\
-    static VALUE 				\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)			\
-    {						\
-	BIGNUM *bn;				\
-	GetBN(self, bn);			\
-	return INT2NUM(BN_##func(bn));		\
+#define BIGNUM_NUM(func)                        \
+    static VALUE                                \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)                  \
+    {                                           \
+        BIGNUM *bn;                             \
+        GetBN(self, bn);                        \
+        return INT2NUM(BN_##func(bn));          \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -929,6 +928,7 @@ BIGNUM_NUM(num_bytes)
  */
 BIGNUM_NUM(num_bits)
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ ossl_bn_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     bn2 = GetBNPtr(other);
 
     if (!BN_copy(bn1, bn2)) {
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
     }
     return self;
 }
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ ossl_bn_uplus(VALUE self)
     obj = NewBN(cBN);
     bn2 = BN_dup(bn1);
     if (!bn2)
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_dup");
     SetBN(obj, bn2);
 
     return obj;
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ ossl_bn_uminus(VALUE self)
     obj = NewBN(cBN);
     bn2 = BN_dup(bn1);
     if (!bn2)
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_dup");
     SetBN(obj, bn2);
     BN_set_negative(bn2, !BN_is_negative(bn2));
 
@@ -1006,13 +1006,13 @@ ossl_bn_abs(VALUE self)
     }
 }
 
-#define BIGNUM_CMP(func)				\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other);		\
-	GetBN(self, bn1);				\
-	return INT2NUM(BN_##func(bn1, bn2));		\
+#define BIGNUM_CMP(func)                                \
+    static VALUE                                        \
+    ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)             \
+    {                                                   \
+        BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2 = GetBNPtr(other);            \
+        GetBN(self, bn1);                               \
+        return INT2NUM(BN_##func(bn1, bn2));            \
     }
 
 /*
@@ -1049,11 +1049,11 @@ ossl_bn_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     GetBN(self, bn1);
     other = try_convert_to_bn(other);
     if (NIL_P(other))
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     GetBN(other, bn2);
 
     if (!BN_cmp(bn1, bn2)) {
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ ossl_bn_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     BIGNUM *bn1, *bn2;
 
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cBN))
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     GetBN(self, bn1);
     GetBN(other, bn2);
 
@@ -1099,8 +1099,8 @@ ossl_bn_hash(VALUE self)
     len = BN_num_bytes(bn);
     buf = ALLOCV(tmp, len);
     if (BN_bn2bin(bn, buf) != len) {
-	ALLOCV_END(tmp);
-	ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bn2bin");
+        ALLOCV_END(tmp);
+        ossl_raise(eBNError, "BN_bn2bin");
     }
 
     hash = ST2FIX(rb_memhash(buf, len));
@@ -1202,11 +1202,6 @@ ossl_bn_set_flags(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
 void
 Init_ossl_bn(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
     ossl_bn_ctx_key = rb_ractor_local_storage_ptr_newkey(&ossl_bn_ctx_key_type);
 #else
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
index 3f07c09e4d..e9dcd943e3 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #define AllocCipher(obj, ctx) do { \
     (ctx) = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new(); \
     if (!(ctx)) \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, NULL); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, NULL); \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (ctx); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetCipherInit(obj, ctx) do { \
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #define GetCipher(obj, ctx) do { \
     GetCipherInit((obj), (ctx)); \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Cipher not initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Cipher not initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
  */
 static VALUE cCipher;
 static VALUE eCipherError;
-static ID id_auth_tag_len, id_key_set;
+static VALUE eAuthTagError;
+static ID id_auth_tag_len, id_key_set, id_cipher_holder;
 
 static VALUE ossl_cipher_alloc(VALUE klass);
 static void ossl_cipher_free(void *ptr);
@@ -40,35 +41,63 @@ static void ossl_cipher_free(void *ptr);
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_cipher_type = {
     "OpenSSL/Cipher",
     {
-	0, ossl_cipher_free,
+        0, ossl_cipher_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+static void
+ossl_evp_cipher_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    // This is safe to call against const EVP_CIPHER * returned by
+    // EVP_get_cipherbyname()
+    EVP_CIPHER_free(ptr);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ossl_evp_cipher_holder_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/EVP_CIPHER",
+    {
+        .dfree = ossl_evp_cipher_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+#endif
+
 /*
  * PUBLIC
  */
 const EVP_CIPHER *
-ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(VALUE obj)
+ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(VALUE obj, volatile VALUE *holder)
 {
+    *holder = Qnil;
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cCipher)) {
-	EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
-
-	GetCipher(obj, ctx);
-
-	return EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx);
+        EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
+        GetCipher(obj, ctx);
+        EVP_CIPHER *cipher = (EVP_CIPHER *)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+        *holder = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &ossl_evp_cipher_holder_type, NULL);
+        if (!EVP_CIPHER_up_ref(cipher))
+            ossl_raise(eCipherError, "EVP_CIPHER_up_ref");
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(*holder) = cipher;
+#endif
+        return cipher;
     }
-    else {
-	const EVP_CIPHER *cipher;
 
-	StringValueCStr(obj);
-	cipher = EVP_get_cipherbyname(RSTRING_PTR(obj));
-	if (!cipher)
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError,
-		       "unsupported cipher algorithm: %"PRIsVALUE, obj);
-
-	return cipher;
+    const char *name = StringValueCStr(obj);
+    EVP_CIPHER *cipher = (EVP_CIPHER *)EVP_get_cipherbyname(name);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    if (!cipher) {
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        *holder = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &ossl_evp_cipher_holder_type, NULL);
+        cipher = EVP_CIPHER_fetch(NULL, name, NULL);
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(*holder) = cipher;
     }
+#endif
+    if (!cipher)
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unsupported cipher algorithm: %"PRIsVALUE,
+                   obj);
+    return cipher;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -77,10 +106,13 @@ ossl_cipher_new(const EVP_CIPHER *cipher)
     VALUE ret;
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
 
+    // NOTE: This does not set id_cipher_holder because this function should
+    // only be called from ossl_engine.c, which will not use any
+    // reference-counted ciphers.
     ret = ossl_cipher_alloc(cCipher);
     AllocCipher(ret, ctx);
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, cipher, NULL, NULL, NULL, -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -113,23 +145,22 @@ ossl_cipher_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 {
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
     const EVP_CIPHER *cipher;
-    char *name;
+    VALUE cipher_holder;
 
-    name = StringValueCStr(str);
     GetCipherInit(self, ctx);
     if (ctx) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Cipher already initialized!");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Cipher already initialized!");
     }
+    cipher = ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(str, &cipher_holder);
     AllocCipher(self, ctx);
-    if (!(cipher = EVP_get_cipherbyname(name))) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unsupported cipher algorithm (%"PRIsVALUE")", str);
-    }
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, cipher, NULL, NULL, NULL, -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "EVP_CipherInit_ex");
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_cipher_holder, cipher_holder);
 
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -140,11 +171,11 @@ ossl_cipher_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     GetCipherInit(self, ctx1);
     if (!ctx1) {
-	AllocCipher(self, ctx1);
+        AllocCipher(self, ctx1);
     }
     GetCipher(other, ctx2);
     if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy(ctx1, ctx2) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -169,8 +200,8 @@ ossl_s_ciphers(VALUE self)
 
     ary = rb_ary_new();
     OBJ_NAME_do_all_sorted(OBJ_NAME_TYPE_CIPHER_METH,
-                    add_cipher_name_to_ary,
-                    (void*)ary);
+                           add_cipher_name_to_ary,
+                           (void*)ary);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -191,53 +222,22 @@ ossl_cipher_reset(VALUE self)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return self;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_cipher_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int mode)
+ossl_cipher_init(VALUE self, int enc)
 {
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
-    unsigned char key[EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH], *p_key = NULL;
-    unsigned char iv[EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH], *p_iv = NULL;
-    VALUE pass, init_v;
-
-    if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &pass, &init_v) > 0){
-	/*
-	 * oops. this code mistakes salt for IV.
-	 * We deprecated the arguments for this method, but we decided
-	 * keeping this behaviour for backward compatibility.
-	 */
-	VALUE cname  = rb_class_path(rb_obj_class(self));
-	rb_warn("arguments for %"PRIsVALUE"#encrypt and %"PRIsVALUE"#decrypt were deprecated; "
-                "use %"PRIsVALUE"#pkcs5_keyivgen to derive key and IV",
-                cname, cname, cname);
-	StringValue(pass);
-	GetCipher(self, ctx);
-	if (NIL_P(init_v)) memcpy(iv, "OpenSSL for Ruby rulez!", sizeof(iv));
-	else{
-	    StringValue(init_v);
-	    if (EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH > RSTRING_LEN(init_v)) {
-		memset(iv, 0, EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH);
-		memcpy(iv, RSTRING_PTR(init_v), RSTRING_LEN(init_v));
-	    }
-	    else memcpy(iv, RSTRING_PTR(init_v), sizeof(iv));
-	}
-	EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx), EVP_md5(), iv,
-		       (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LENINT(pass), 1, key, NULL);
-	p_key = key;
-	p_iv = iv;
-    }
-    else {
-	GetCipher(self, ctx);
-    }
-    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, p_key, p_iv, mode) != 1) {
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+
+    GetCipher(self, ctx);
+    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, enc) != 1) {
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "EVP_CipherInit_ex");
     }
 
-    rb_ivar_set(self, id_key_set, p_key ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_key_set, Qfalse);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -248,16 +248,15 @@ ossl_cipher_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int mode)
  *
  *  Initializes the Cipher for encryption.
  *
- *  Make sure to call Cipher#encrypt or Cipher#decrypt before using any of the
- *  following methods:
- *  * [#key=, #iv=, #random_key, #random_iv, #pkcs5_keyivgen]
+ *  Make sure to call either #encrypt or #decrypt before using the Cipher for
+ *  any operation or setting any parameters.
  *
  *  Internally calls EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1).
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_cipher_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+ossl_cipher_encrypt(VALUE self)
 {
-    return ossl_cipher_init(argc, argv, self, 1);
+    return ossl_cipher_init(self, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -266,16 +265,15 @@ ossl_cipher_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *
  *  Initializes the Cipher for decryption.
  *
- *  Make sure to call Cipher#encrypt or Cipher#decrypt before using any of the
- *  following methods:
- *  * [#key=, #iv=, #random_key, #random_iv, #pkcs5_keyivgen]
+ *  Make sure to call either #encrypt or #decrypt before using the Cipher for
+ *  any operation or setting any parameters.
  *
  *  Internally calls EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0).
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_cipher_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+ossl_cipher_decrypt(VALUE self)
 {
-    return ossl_cipher_init(argc, argv, self, 0);
+    return ossl_cipher_init(self, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -284,46 +282,42 @@ ossl_cipher_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *
  *  Generates and sets the key/IV based on a password.
  *
- *  *WARNING*: This method is only PKCS5 v1.5 compliant when using RC2, RC4-40,
- *  or DES with MD5 or SHA1. Using anything else (like AES) will generate the
- *  key/iv using an OpenSSL specific method. This method is deprecated and
- *  should no longer be used. Use a PKCS5 v2 key generation method from
- *  OpenSSL::PKCS5 instead.
+ *  *WARNING*: This method is deprecated and should not be used. This method
+ *  corresponds to EVP_BytesToKey(), a non-standard OpenSSL extension of the
+ *  legacy PKCS #5 v1.5 key derivation function. See OpenSSL::KDF for other
+ *  options to derive keys from passwords.
  *
  *  === Parameters
  *  * _salt_ must be an 8 byte string if provided.
  *  * _iterations_ is an integer with a default of 2048.
  *  * _digest_ is a Digest object that defaults to 'MD5'
- *
- *  A minimum of 1000 iterations is recommended.
- *
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
     const EVP_MD *digest;
-    VALUE vpass, vsalt, viter, vdigest;
+    VALUE vpass, vsalt, viter, vdigest, md_holder;
     unsigned char key[EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH], iv[EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH], *salt = NULL;
     int iter;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &vpass, &vsalt, &viter, &vdigest);
     StringValue(vpass);
     if(!NIL_P(vsalt)){
-	StringValue(vsalt);
-	if(RSTRING_LEN(vsalt) != PKCS5_SALT_LEN)
-	    ossl_raise(eCipherError, "salt must be an 8-octet string");
-	salt = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(vsalt);
+        StringValue(vsalt);
+        if(RSTRING_LEN(vsalt) != PKCS5_SALT_LEN)
+            ossl_raise(eCipherError, "salt must be an 8-octet string");
+        salt = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(vsalt);
     }
     iter = NIL_P(viter) ? 2048 : NUM2INT(viter);
     if (iter <= 0)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "iterations must be a positive integer");
-    digest = NIL_P(vdigest) ? EVP_md5() : ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(vdigest);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "iterations must be a positive integer");
+    digest = NIL_P(vdigest) ? EVP_md5() : ossl_evp_md_fetch(vdigest, &md_holder);
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx), digest, salt,
-		   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(vpass), RSTRING_LENINT(vpass), iter, key, iv);
+                   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(vpass), RSTRING_LENINT(vpass), iter, key, iv);
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, key, iv, -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
     OPENSSL_cleanse(key, sizeof key);
     OPENSSL_cleanse(iv, sizeof iv);
 
@@ -334,25 +328,25 @@ ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 static int
 ossl_cipher_update_long(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out, long *out_len_ptr,
-			const unsigned char *in, long in_len)
+                        const unsigned char *in, long in_len)
 {
     int out_part_len;
     int limit = INT_MAX / 2 + 1;
     long out_len = 0;
 
     do {
-	int in_part_len = in_len > limit ? limit : (int)in_len;
+        int in_part_len = in_len > limit ? limit : (int)in_len;
 
-	if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx, out ? (out + out_len) : 0,
-			      &out_part_len, in, in_part_len))
-	    return 0;
+        if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx, out ? (out + out_len) : 0,
+                              &out_part_len, in, in_part_len))
+            return 0;
 
-	out_len += out_part_len;
-	in += in_part_len;
+        out_len += out_part_len;
+        in += in_part_len;
     } while ((in_len -= limit) > 0);
 
     if (out_len_ptr)
-	*out_len_ptr = out_len;
+        *out_len_ptr = out_len;
 
     return 1;
 }
@@ -368,6 +362,9 @@ ossl_cipher_update_long(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out, long *out_len_p
  *
  *  If _buffer_ is given, the encryption/decryption result will be written to
  *  it. _buffer_ will be resized automatically.
+ *
+ *  *NOTE*: When decrypting using an AEAD cipher, the integrity of the output
+ *  is not verified until #final has been called.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -380,7 +377,7 @@ ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &data, &str);
 
     if (!RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_key_set)))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "key not set");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "key not set");
 
     StringValue(data);
     in = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(data);
@@ -399,14 +396,14 @@ ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
      * currently implemented in OpenSSL, but this can change in the future.
      */
     if (in_len > LONG_MAX - EVP_MAX_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRangeError,
-		   "data too big to make output buffer: %ld bytes", in_len);
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+                   "data too big to make output buffer: %ld bytes", in_len);
     }
     out_len = in_len + EVP_MAX_BLOCK_LENGTH;
 
-    if (NIL_P(str)) {
-        str = rb_str_new(0, out_len);
-    } else {
+    if (NIL_P(str))
+        str = rb_str_buf_new(out_len);
+    else {
         StringValue(str);
         if ((long)rb_str_capacity(str) >= out_len)
             rb_str_modify(str);
@@ -414,9 +411,9 @@ ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
             rb_str_modify_expand(str, out_len - RSTRING_LEN(str));
     }
 
-    if (!ossl_cipher_update_long(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), &out_len, in, in_len))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
-    assert(out_len <= RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    if (!ossl_cipher_update_long(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str),
+                                 &out_len, in, in_len))
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "EVP_CipherUpdate");
     rb_str_set_len(str, out_len);
 
     return str;
@@ -427,14 +424,17 @@ ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *     cipher.final -> string
  *
  *  Returns the remaining data held in the cipher object. Further calls to
- *  Cipher#update or Cipher#final will return garbage. This call should always
+ *  Cipher#update or Cipher#final are invalid. This call should always
  *  be made as the last call of an encryption or decryption operation, after
  *  having fed the entire plaintext or ciphertext to the Cipher instance.
  *
- *  If an authenticated cipher was used, a CipherError is raised if the tag
- *  could not be authenticated successfully. Only call this method after
- *  setting the authentication tag and passing the entire contents of the
- *  ciphertext into the cipher.
+ *  When encrypting using an AEAD cipher, the authentication tag can be
+ *  retrieved by #auth_tag after #final has been called.
+ *
+ *  When decrypting using an AEAD cipher, this method will verify the integrity
+ *  of the ciphertext and the associated data with the authentication tag,
+ *  which must be set by #auth_tag= prior to calling this method.
+ *  If the verification fails, CipherError will be raised.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_final(VALUE self)
@@ -445,9 +445,17 @@ ossl_cipher_final(VALUE self)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     str = rb_str_new(0, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx));
-    if (!EVP_CipherFinal_ex(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), &out_len))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
-    assert(out_len <= RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    if (!EVP_CipherFinal_ex(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), &out_len)) {
+        /* For AEAD ciphers, this is likely an authentication failure */
+        if (EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER) {
+            /* For AEAD ciphers, EVP_CipherFinal_ex failures are authentication tag verification failures */
+            ossl_raise(eAuthTagError, "AEAD authentication tag verification failed");
+        }
+        else {
+            /* For non-AEAD ciphers */
+            ossl_raise(eCipherError, "cipher final failed");
+        }
+    }
     rb_str_set_len(str, out_len);
 
     return str;
@@ -472,7 +480,7 @@ ossl_cipher_name(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.key = string -> string
+ *     cipher.key = string
  *
  *  Sets the cipher key. To generate a key, you should either use a secure
  *  random byte string or, if the key is to be derived from a password, you
@@ -480,6 +488,8 @@ ossl_cipher_name(VALUE self)
  *  generate a secure random-based key, Cipher#random_key may be used.
  *
  *  Only call this method after calling Cipher#encrypt or Cipher#decrypt.
+ *
+ *  See also the man page EVP_CipherInit_ex(3).
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
@@ -492,10 +502,10 @@ ossl_cipher_set_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 
     key_len = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_key_length(ctx);
     if (RSTRING_LEN(key) != key_len)
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "key must be %d bytes", key_len);
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "key must be %d bytes", key_len);
 
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key), NULL, -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_key_set, Qtrue);
 
@@ -504,15 +514,21 @@ ossl_cipher_set_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.iv = string -> string
+ *     cipher.iv = string
  *
  *  Sets the cipher IV. Please note that since you should never be using ECB
  *  mode, an IV is always explicitly required and should be set prior to
- *  encryption. The IV itself can be safely transmitted in public, but it
- *  should be unpredictable to prevent certain kinds of attacks. You may use
- *  Cipher#random_iv to create a secure random IV.
+ *  encryption. The IV itself can be safely transmitted in public.
  *
- *  Only call this method after calling Cipher#encrypt or Cipher#decrypt.
+ *  This method expects the String to have the length equal to #iv_len. To use
+ *  a different IV length with an AEAD cipher, #iv_len= must be set prior to
+ *  calling this method.
+ *
+ *  *NOTE*: In OpenSSL API conventions, the IV value may correspond to the
+ *  "nonce" instead in some cipher modes. Refer to the OpenSSL man pages for
+ *  details.
+ *
+ *  See also the man page EVP_CipherInit_ex(3).
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_iv(VALUE self, VALUE iv)
@@ -524,14 +540,14 @@ ossl_cipher_set_iv(VALUE self, VALUE iv)
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
 
     if (EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER)
-	iv_len = (int)(VALUE)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_app_data(ctx);
+        iv_len = (int)(VALUE)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_app_data(ctx);
     if (!iv_len)
-	iv_len = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx);
+        iv_len = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx);
     if (RSTRING_LEN(iv) != iv_len)
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "iv must be %d bytes", iv_len);
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "iv must be %d bytes", iv_len);
 
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(iv), -1) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return iv;
 }
@@ -540,8 +556,7 @@ ossl_cipher_set_iv(VALUE self, VALUE iv)
  *  call-seq:
  *     cipher.authenticated? -> true | false
  *
- *  Indicated whether this Cipher instance uses an Authenticated Encryption
- *  mode.
+ *  Indicates whether this Cipher instance uses an AEAD mode.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_is_authenticated(VALUE self)
@@ -555,21 +570,23 @@ ossl_cipher_is_authenticated(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.auth_data = string -> string
+ *     cipher.auth_data = string
+ *
+ *  Sets additional authenticated data (AAD), also called associated data, for
+ *  this Cipher. This method is available for AEAD ciphers.
  *
- *  Sets the cipher's additional authenticated data. This field must be
- *  set when using AEAD cipher modes such as GCM or CCM. If no associated
- *  data shall be used, this method must *still* be called with a value of "".
  *  The contents of this field should be non-sensitive data which will be
  *  added to the ciphertext to generate the authentication tag which validates
  *  the contents of the ciphertext.
  *
- *  The AAD must be set prior to encryption or decryption. In encryption mode,
- *  it must be set after calling Cipher#encrypt and setting Cipher#key= and
- *  Cipher#iv=. When decrypting, the authenticated data must be set after key,
- *  iv and especially *after* the authentication tag has been set. I.e. set it
- *  only after calling Cipher#decrypt, Cipher#key=, Cipher#iv= and
- *  Cipher#auth_tag= first.
+ *  This method must be called after #key= and #iv= have been set, but before
+ *  starting actual encryption or decryption with #update. In some cipher modes,
+ *  #auth_tag_len= and #ccm_data_len= may also need to be called before this
+ *  method.
+ *
+ *  See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
+ *  This method internally calls EVP_CipherUpdate() with the output buffer
+ *  set to NULL.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_auth_data(VALUE self, VALUE data)
@@ -585,7 +602,7 @@ ossl_cipher_set_auth_data(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (!(EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "AEAD not supported by this cipher");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "AEAD not supported by this cipher");
 
     if (!ossl_cipher_update_long(ctx, NULL, &out_len, in, in_len))
         ossl_raise(eCipherError, "couldn't set additional authenticated data");
@@ -597,16 +614,17 @@ ossl_cipher_set_auth_data(VALUE self, VALUE data)
  *  call-seq:
  *     cipher.auth_tag(tag_len = 16) -> String
  *
- *  Gets the authentication tag generated by Authenticated Encryption Cipher
- *  modes (GCM for example). This tag may be stored along with the ciphertext,
- *  then set on the decryption cipher to authenticate the contents of the
- *  ciphertext against changes. If the optional integer parameter _tag_len_ is
- *  given, the returned tag will be _tag_len_ bytes long. If the parameter is
- *  omitted, the default length of 16 bytes or the length previously set by
- *  #auth_tag_len= will be used. For maximum security, the longest possible
- *  should be chosen.
+ *  Gets the generated authentication tag. This method is available for AEAD
+ *  ciphers, and should be called after encryption has been finalized by calling
+ *  #final.
+ *
+ *  The returned tag will be _tag_len_ bytes long. Some cipher modes require
+ *  the desired length in advance using a separate call to #auth_tag_len=,
+ *  before starting encryption.
  *
- *  The tag may only be retrieved after calling Cipher#final.
+ *  See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
+ *  This method internally calls EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl() with
+ *  EVP_CTRL_AEAD_GET_TAG.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_get_auth_tag(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -617,34 +635,42 @@ ossl_cipher_get_auth_tag(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &vtag_len);
     if (NIL_P(vtag_len))
-	vtag_len = rb_attr_get(self, id_auth_tag_len);
+        vtag_len = rb_attr_get(self, id_auth_tag_len);
     if (!NIL_P(vtag_len))
-	tag_len = NUM2INT(vtag_len);
+        tag_len = NUM2INT(vtag_len);
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
 
     if (!(EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "authentication tag not supported by this cipher");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "authentication tag not supported by this cipher");
 
     ret = rb_str_new(NULL, tag_len);
-    if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_GET_TAG, tag_len, RSTRING_PTR(ret)))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "retrieving the authentication tag failed");
+    if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_GET_TAG, tag_len, RSTRING_PTR(ret)) <= 0)
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "retrieving the authentication tag failed");
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.auth_tag = string -> string
+ *     cipher.auth_tag = string
  *
  *  Sets the authentication tag to verify the integrity of the ciphertext.
- *  This can be called only when the cipher supports AE. The tag must be set
- *  after calling Cipher#decrypt, Cipher#key= and Cipher#iv=, but before
- *  calling Cipher#final. After all decryption is performed, the tag is
- *  verified automatically in the call to Cipher#final.
  *
- *  For OCB mode, the tag length must be supplied with #auth_tag_len=
- *  beforehand.
+ *  The authentication tag must be set before #final is called. The tag is
+ *  verified during the #final call.
+ *
+ *  Note that, for CCM mode and OCB mode, the expected length of the tag must
+ *  be set before starting decryption by a separate call to #auth_tag_len=.
+ *  The content of the tag can be provided at any time before #final is called.
+ *
+ *  *NOTE*: The caller must ensure that the String passed to this method has
+ *  the desired length. Some cipher modes support variable tag lengths, and
+ *  this method may accept a truncated tag without raising an exception.
+ *
+ *  See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
+ *  This method internally calls EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl() with
+ *  EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag(VALUE self, VALUE vtag)
@@ -659,24 +685,27 @@ ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag(VALUE self, VALUE vtag)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (!(EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "authentication tag not supported by this cipher");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "authentication tag not supported by this cipher");
 
-    if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG, tag_len, tag))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set AEAD tag");
+    if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG, tag_len, tag) <= 0)
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set AEAD tag");
 
     return vtag;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.auth_tag_len = Integer -> Integer
+ *     cipher.auth_tag_len = integer
+ *
+ *  Sets the length of the expected authentication tag for this Cipher. This
+ *  method is available for some of AEAD ciphers that require the length to be
+ *  set before starting encryption or decryption, such as CCM mode or OCB mode.
  *
- *  Sets the length of the authentication tag to be generated or to be given for
- *  AEAD ciphers that requires it as in input parameter. Note that not all AEAD
- *  ciphers support this method.
+ *  For CCM mode and OCB mode, the tag length must be set before #iv= is set.
  *
- *  In OCB mode, the length must be supplied both when encrypting and when
- *  decrypting, and must be before specifying an IV.
+ *  See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
+ *  This method internally calls EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl() with
+ *  EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG and a NULL buffer.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag_len(VALUE self, VALUE vlen)
@@ -686,10 +715,10 @@ ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag_len(VALUE self, VALUE vlen)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (!(EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "AEAD not supported by this cipher");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "AEAD not supported by this cipher");
 
-    if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG, tag_len, NULL))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set authentication tag length");
+    if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_TAG, tag_len, NULL) <= 0)
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set authentication tag length");
 
     /* for #auth_tag */
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_auth_tag_len, INT2NUM(tag_len));
@@ -699,11 +728,16 @@ ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag_len(VALUE self, VALUE vlen)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   cipher.iv_len = integer -> integer
+ *    cipher.iv_len = integer
  *
- * Sets the IV/nonce length of the Cipher. Normally block ciphers don't allow
- * changing the IV length, but some make use of IV for 'nonce'. You may need
- * this for interoperability with other applications.
+ * Sets the IV/nonce length for this Cipher. This method is available for AEAD
+ * ciphers that support variable IV lengths. This method can be called if a
+ * different IV length than OpenSSL's default is desired, prior to calling
+ * #iv=.
+ *
+ * See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
+ * This method internally calls EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl() with
+ * EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_IVLEN.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_iv_length(VALUE self, VALUE iv_length)
@@ -713,10 +747,10 @@ ossl_cipher_set_iv_length(VALUE self, VALUE iv_length)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (!(EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "cipher does not support AEAD");
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "cipher does not support AEAD");
 
-    if (!EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_IVLEN, len, NULL))
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set IV length");
+    if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(ctx, EVP_CTRL_AEAD_SET_IVLEN, len, NULL) <= 0)
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, "unable to set IV length");
 
     /*
      * EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length() returns the default length. So we need to save
@@ -729,13 +763,14 @@ ossl_cipher_set_iv_length(VALUE self, VALUE iv_length)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.key_len = integer -> integer
+ *     cipher.key_len = integer
  *
  *  Sets the key length of the cipher.  If the cipher is a fixed length cipher
  *  then attempting to set the key length to any value other than the fixed
  *  value is an error.
  *
- *  Under normal circumstances you do not need to call this method (and probably shouldn't).
+ *  Under normal circumstances you do not need to call this method (and
+ *  probably shouldn't).
  *
  *  See EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length for further information.
  */
@@ -752,13 +787,16 @@ ossl_cipher_set_key_length(VALUE self, VALUE key_length)
     return key_length;
 }
 
+// TODO: Should #padding= take a boolean value instead?
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.padding = integer -> integer
+ *     cipher.padding = 1 or 0
  *
- *  Enables or disables padding. By default encryption operations are padded using standard block padding and the
- *  padding is checked and removed when decrypting. If the pad parameter is zero then no padding is performed, the
- *  total amount of data encrypted or decrypted must then be a multiple of the block size or an error will occur.
+ *  Enables or disables padding. By default encryption operations are padded
+ *  using standard block padding and the padding is checked and removed when
+ *  decrypting. If the pad parameter is zero then no padding is performed, the
+ *  total amount of data encrypted or decrypted must then be a multiple of the
+ *  block size or an error will occur.
  *
  *  See EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding for further information.
  */
@@ -770,7 +808,7 @@ ossl_cipher_set_padding(VALUE self, VALUE padding)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding(ctx, pad) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
     return padding;
 }
 
@@ -804,9 +842,9 @@ ossl_cipher_iv_length(VALUE self)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (EVP_CIPHER_flags(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER)
-	len = (int)(VALUE)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_app_data(ctx);
+        len = (int)(VALUE)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_app_data(ctx);
     if (!len)
-	len = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx);
+        len = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx);
 
     return INT2NUM(len);
 }
@@ -829,13 +867,17 @@ ossl_cipher_block_size(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.ccm_data_len = integer -> integer
+ *     cipher.ccm_data_len = integer
  *
- *  Sets the length of the plaintext / ciphertext message that will be
- *  processed in CCM mode. Make sure to call this method after #key= and
- *  #iv= have been set, and before #auth_data=.
+ *  Sets the total length of the plaintext / ciphertext message that will be
+ *  processed by #update in CCM mode.
  *
- *  Only call this method after calling Cipher#encrypt or Cipher#decrypt.
+ *  Make sure to call this method after #key= and #iv= have been set, and
+ *  before #auth_data= or #update are called.
+ *
+ *  This method is only available for CCM mode ciphers.
+ *
+ *  See also the "AEAD Interface" section of the man page EVP_EncryptInit(3).
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_ccm_data_len(VALUE self, VALUE data_len)
@@ -858,11 +900,6 @@ ossl_cipher_set_ccm_data_len(VALUE self, VALUE data_len)
 void
 Init_ossl_cipher(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::Cipher
      *
      * Provides symmetric algorithms for encryption and decryption. The
@@ -1018,24 +1055,28 @@ Init_ossl_cipher(void)
      * could otherwise be exploited to modify ciphertexts in ways beneficial to
      * potential attackers.
      *
-     * An associated data is used where there is additional information, such as
+     * Associated data, also called additional authenticated data (AAD), is
+     * optionally used where there is additional information, such as
      * headers or some metadata, that must be also authenticated but not
-     * necessarily need to be encrypted. If no associated data is needed for
-     * encryption and later decryption, the OpenSSL library still requires a
-     * value to be set - "" may be used in case none is available.
+     * necessarily need to be encrypted.
      *
      * An example using the GCM (Galois/Counter Mode). You have 16 bytes _key_,
      * 12 bytes (96 bits) _nonce_ and the associated data _auth_data_. Be sure
      * not to reuse the _key_ and _nonce_ pair. Reusing an nonce ruins the
      * security guarantees of GCM mode.
      *
+     *   key = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(16)
+     *   nonce = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(12)
+     *   auth_data = "authenticated but unencrypted data"
+     *   data = "encrypted data"
+     *
      *   cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new('aes-128-gcm').encrypt
      *   cipher.key = key
      *   cipher.iv = nonce
      *   cipher.auth_data = auth_data
      *
      *   encrypted = cipher.update(data) + cipher.final
-     *   tag = cipher.auth_tag # produces 16 bytes tag by default
+     *   tag = cipher.auth_tag(16)
      *
      * Now you are the receiver. You know the _key_ and have received _nonce_,
      * _auth_data_, _encrypted_ and _tag_ through an untrusted network. Note
@@ -1048,23 +1089,29 @@ Init_ossl_cipher(void)
      *   decipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new('aes-128-gcm').decrypt
      *   decipher.key = key
      *   decipher.iv = nonce
-     *   decipher.auth_tag = tag
+     *   decipher.auth_tag = tag # could be called at any time before #final
      *   decipher.auth_data = auth_data
      *
      *   decrypted = decipher.update(encrypted) + decipher.final
      *
      *   puts data == decrypted #=> true
+     *
+     * Note that other AEAD ciphers may require additional steps, such as
+     * setting the expected tag length (#auth_tag_len=) or the total data
+     * length (#ccm_data_len=) in advance. Make sure to read the relevant man
+     * page for details.
      */
     cCipher = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Cipher", rb_cObject);
     eCipherError = rb_define_class_under(cCipher, "CipherError", eOSSLError);
+    eAuthTagError = rb_define_class_under(cCipher, "AuthTagError", eCipherError);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(cCipher, ossl_cipher_alloc);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "initialize_copy", ossl_cipher_copy, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(cCipher, "ciphers", ossl_s_ciphers, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "initialize", ossl_cipher_initialize, 1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "reset", ossl_cipher_reset, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cCipher, "encrypt", ossl_cipher_encrypt, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cCipher, "decrypt", ossl_cipher_decrypt, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cCipher, "encrypt", ossl_cipher_encrypt, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cCipher, "decrypt", ossl_cipher_decrypt, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "pkcs5_keyivgen", ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen, -1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "update", ossl_cipher_update, -1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "final", ossl_cipher_final, 0);
@@ -1086,4 +1133,5 @@ Init_ossl_cipher(void)
 
     id_auth_tag_len = rb_intern_const("auth_tag_len");
     id_key_set = rb_intern_const("key_set");
+    id_cipher_holder = rb_intern_const("EVP_CIPHER_holder");
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
index 12da68ca3e..fba63a140f 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
@@ -10,7 +10,16 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_CIPHER_H_)
 #define _OSSL_CIPHER_H_
 
-const EVP_CIPHER *ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(VALUE);
+/*
+ * Gets EVP_CIPHER from a String or an OpenSSL::Digest instance (discouraged,
+ * but still supported for compatibility). A holder object is created if the
+ * EVP_CIPHER is a "fetched" algorithm.
+ */
+const EVP_CIPHER *ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(VALUE obj, volatile VALUE *holder);
+/*
+ * This is meant for OpenSSL::Engine#cipher. EVP_CIPHER must not be a fetched
+ * one.
+ */
 VALUE ossl_cipher_new(const EVP_CIPHER *);
 void Init_ossl_cipher(void);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
index ee2ff6786f..274875a978 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
@@ -413,11 +413,6 @@ Init_ossl_config(void)
     char *path;
     VALUE path_str;
 
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::Config
      *
      * Configuration for the openssl library.
@@ -426,7 +421,7 @@ Init_ossl_config(void)
      * configuration. See the value of OpenSSL::Config::DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE for
      * the location of the file for your host.
      *
-     * See also http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/config.html
+     * See also https://docs.openssl.org/master/man5/config/
      */
     cConfig = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Config", rb_cObject);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
index b77ca953f3..e23968b1e3 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #define GetDigest(obj, ctx) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), EVP_MD_CTX, &ossl_digest_type, (ctx)); \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Digest CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Digest CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 static VALUE cDigest;
 static VALUE eDigestError;
+static ID id_md_holder;
 
 static VALUE ossl_digest_alloc(VALUE klass);
 
@@ -33,39 +34,67 @@ ossl_digest_free(void *ctx)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_digest_type = {
     "OpenSSL/Digest",
     {
-	0, ossl_digest_free,
+        0, ossl_digest_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+static void
+ossl_evp_md_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    // This is safe to call against const EVP_MD * returned by
+    // EVP_get_digestbyname()
+    EVP_MD_free(ptr);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ossl_evp_md_holder_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/EVP_MD",
+    {
+        .dfree = ossl_evp_md_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Public
  */
 const EVP_MD *
-ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(VALUE obj)
+ossl_evp_md_fetch(VALUE obj, volatile VALUE *holder)
 {
-    const EVP_MD *md;
-    ASN1_OBJECT *oid = NULL;
-
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_STRING)) {
-    	const char *name = StringValueCStr(obj);
-
-	md = EVP_get_digestbyname(name);
-	if (!md) {
-	    oid = OBJ_txt2obj(name, 0);
-	    md = EVP_get_digestbyobj(oid);
-	    ASN1_OBJECT_free(oid);
-	}
-	if(!md)
-            ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unsupported digest algorithm (%"PRIsVALUE").", obj);
-    } else {
+    *holder = Qnil;
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cDigest)) {
         EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
-
         GetDigest(obj, ctx);
-
-        md = EVP_MD_CTX_get0_md(ctx);
+        EVP_MD *md = (EVP_MD *)EVP_MD_CTX_get0_md(ctx);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+        *holder = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &ossl_evp_md_holder_type, NULL);
+        if (!EVP_MD_up_ref(md))
+            ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_up_ref");
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(*holder) = md;
+#endif
+        return md;
     }
 
+    const char *name = StringValueCStr(obj);
+    EVP_MD *md = (EVP_MD *)EVP_get_digestbyname(name);
+    if (!md) {
+        ASN1_OBJECT *oid = OBJ_txt2obj(name, 0);
+        md = (EVP_MD *)EVP_get_digestbyobj(oid);
+        ASN1_OBJECT_free(oid);
+    }
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    if (!md) {
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        *holder = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &ossl_evp_md_holder_type, NULL);
+        md = EVP_MD_fetch(NULL, name, NULL);
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(*holder) = md;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!md)
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "unsupported digest algorithm: %"PRIsVALUE,
+                   obj);
     return md;
 }
 
@@ -75,14 +104,17 @@ ossl_digest_new(const EVP_MD *md)
     VALUE ret;
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
 
+    // NOTE: This does not set id_md_holder because this function should
+    // only be called from ossl_engine.c, which will not use any
+    // reference-counted digests.
     ret = ossl_digest_alloc(cDigest);
     ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
     if (!ctx)
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(ret) = ctx;
 
     if (!EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, md, NULL))
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed");
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -121,26 +153,28 @@ ossl_digest_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
     const EVP_MD *md;
-    VALUE type, data;
+    VALUE type, data, md_holder;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &type, &data);
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(type);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(type, &md_holder);
     if (!NIL_P(data)) StringValue(data);
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, EVP_MD_CTX, &ossl_digest_type, ctx);
     if (!ctx) {
-	RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
-	if (!ctx)
-	    ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
+        if (!ctx)
+            ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
     }
 
     if (!EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, md, NULL))
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed");
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_md_holder, md_holder);
 
     if (!NIL_P(data)) return ossl_digest_update(self, data);
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_digest_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -151,14 +185,14 @@ ossl_digest_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, EVP_MD_CTX, &ossl_digest_type, ctx1);
     if (!ctx1) {
-	RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ctx1 = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
-	if (!ctx1)
-	    ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ctx1 = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
+        if (!ctx1)
+            ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_MD_CTX_new");
     }
     GetDigest(other, ctx2);
 
     if (!EVP_MD_CTX_copy(ctx1, ctx2)) {
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, NULL);
     }
     return self;
 }
@@ -183,8 +217,8 @@ ossl_s_digests(VALUE self)
 
     ary = rb_ary_new();
     OBJ_NAME_do_all_sorted(OBJ_NAME_TYPE_MD_METH,
-                    add_digest_name_to_ary,
-                    (void*)ary);
+                           add_digest_name_to_ary,
+                           (void*)ary);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -204,7 +238,7 @@ ossl_digest_reset(VALUE self)
 
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
     if (EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, EVP_MD_CTX_get0_md(ctx), NULL) != 1) {
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed.");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Digest initialization failed.");
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -234,7 +268,7 @@ ossl_digest_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
 
     if (!EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data)))
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_DigestUpdate");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_DigestUpdate");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -253,7 +287,7 @@ ossl_digest_finish(VALUE self)
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
     str = rb_str_new(NULL, EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx));
     if (!EVP_DigestFinal_ex(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), NULL))
-	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_DigestFinal_ex");
+        ossl_raise(eDigestError, "EVP_DigestFinal_ex");
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -331,11 +365,6 @@ ossl_digest_block_length(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_digest(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::Digest
      *
      * OpenSSL::Digest allows you to compute message digests (sometimes
@@ -441,4 +470,6 @@ Init_ossl_digest(void)
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "block_length", ossl_digest_block_length, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "name", ossl_digest_name, 0);
+
+    id_md_holder = rb_intern_const("EVP_MD_holder");
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
index 588a0c6f57..9c3bb2b149 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
@@ -10,7 +10,15 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_DIGEST_H_)
 #define _OSSL_DIGEST_H_
 
-const EVP_MD *ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(VALUE);
+/*
+ * Gets EVP_MD from a String or an OpenSSL::Digest instance (discouraged, but
+ * still supported for compatibility). A holder object is created if the EVP_MD
+ * is a "fetched" algorithm.
+ */
+const EVP_MD *ossl_evp_md_fetch(VALUE obj, volatile VALUE *holder);
+/*
+ * This is meant for OpenSSL::Engine#digest. EVP_MD must not be a fetched one.
+ */
 VALUE ossl_digest_new(const EVP_MD *);
 void Init_ossl_digest(void);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
index cb08049a82..a2bcb07ea4 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_engine_type, 0)
 #define SetEngine(obj, engine) do { \
     if (!(engine)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ENGINE wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ENGINE wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (engine); \
 } while(0)
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ static VALUE eEngineError;
  */
 #define OSSL_ENGINE_LOAD_IF_MATCH(engine_name, x) \
 do{\
-  if(!strcmp(#engine_name, RSTRING_PTR(name))){\
-    if (OPENSSL_init_crypto(OPENSSL_INIT_ENGINE_##x, NULL))\
-      return Qtrue;\
-    else\
-      ossl_raise(eEngineError, "OPENSSL_init_crypto"); \
-  }\
+    if(!strcmp(#engine_name, RSTRING_PTR(name))){\
+        if (OPENSSL_init_crypto(OPENSSL_INIT_ENGINE_##x, NULL))\
+        return Qtrue;\
+        else\
+        ossl_raise(eEngineError, "OPENSSL_init_crypto"); \
+    }\
 }while(0)
 
 static void
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ ossl_engine_free(void *engine)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_engine_type = {
     "OpenSSL/Engine",
     {
-	0, ossl_engine_free,
+        0, ossl_engine_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ ossl_engine_s_engines(VALUE klass)
 
     ary = rb_ary_new();
     for(e = ENGINE_get_first(); e; e = ENGINE_get_next(e)){
-	obj = NewEngine(klass);
-	/* Need a ref count of two here because of ENGINE_free being
-	 * called internally by OpenSSL when moving to the next ENGINE
-	 * and by us when releasing the ENGINE reference */
-	ENGINE_up_ref(e);
-	SetEngine(obj, e);
+        obj = NewEngine(klass);
+        /* Need a ref count of two here because of ENGINE_free being
+         * called internally by OpenSSL when moving to the next ENGINE
+         * and by us when releasing the ENGINE reference */
+        ENGINE_up_ref(e);
+        SetEngine(obj, e);
         rb_ary_push(ary, obj);
     }
 
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ ossl_engine_s_by_id(VALUE klass, VALUE id)
     ossl_engine_s_load(1, &id, klass);
     obj = NewEngine(klass);
     if(!(e = ENGINE_by_id(RSTRING_PTR(id))))
-	ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
     SetEngine(obj, e);
     if(rb_block_given_p()) rb_yield(obj);
     if(!ENGINE_init(e))
-	ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
     ENGINE_ctrl(e, ENGINE_CTRL_SET_PASSWORD_CALLBACK,
-		0, NULL, (void(*)(void))ossl_pem_passwd_cb);
+                0, NULL, (void(*)(void))ossl_pem_passwd_cb);
     ossl_clear_error();
 
     return obj;
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ ossl_engine_s_by_id(VALUE klass, VALUE id)
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.load
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.engines #=> [#<OpenSSL::Engine#>, ...]
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.engines.first.id
- *	#=> "rsax"
+ *      #=> "rsax"
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_engine_get_id(VALUE self)
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ ossl_engine_get_id(VALUE self)
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.load
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.engines #=> [#<OpenSSL::Engine#>, ...]
  *    OpenSSL::Engine.engines.first.name
- *	#=> "RSAX engine support"
+ *      #=> "RSAX engine support"
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -274,11 +274,11 @@ ossl_engine_get_cipher(VALUE self, VALUE name)
  * Will raise an EngineError if the digest is unavailable.
  *
  *    e = OpenSSL::Engine.by_id("openssl")
- *	#=> #<OpenSSL::Engine id="openssl" name="Software engine support">
+ *      #=> #<OpenSSL::Engine id="openssl" name="Software engine support">
  *    e.digest("SHA1")
- *	#=> #<OpenSSL::Digest: da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709>
+ *      #=> #<OpenSSL::Digest: da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709>
  *    e.digest("zomg")
- *	#=> OpenSSL::Engine::EngineError: no such digest `zomg'
+ *      #=> OpenSSL::Engine::EngineError: no such digest `zomg'
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_engine_get_digest(VALUE self, VALUE name)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ ossl_engine_load_privkey(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     GetEngine(self, e);
     pkey = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, sid, NULL, sdata);
     if (!pkey) ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
-    obj = ossl_pkey_new(pkey);
+    obj = ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
     OSSL_PKEY_SET_PRIVATE(obj);
 
     return obj;
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ ossl_engine_load_pubkey(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = ENGINE_load_public_key(e, sid, NULL, sdata);
     if (!pkey) ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey);
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ ossl_engine_load_pubkey(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * your OS.
  *
  * [All flags]  0xFFFF
- * [No flags]	0x0000
+ * [No flags]   0x0000
  *
  * See also <openssl/engine.h>
  */
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ ossl_engine_ctrl_cmd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     GetEngine(self, e);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &cmd, &val);
     ret = ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, StringValueCStr(cmd),
-				 NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val), 0);
+                                 NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val), 0);
     if (!ret) ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
 
     return self;
@@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_engine_cmd_flag_to_name(int flag)
 {
     switch(flag){
-    case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NUMERIC:  return rb_str_new2("NUMERIC");
-    case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_STRING:   return rb_str_new2("STRING");
-    case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NO_INPUT: return rb_str_new2("NO_INPUT");
-    case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_INTERNAL: return rb_str_new2("INTERNAL");
-    default: return rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
+      case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NUMERIC:  return rb_str_new2("NUMERIC");
+      case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_STRING:   return rb_str_new2("STRING");
+      case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NO_INPUT: return rb_str_new2("NO_INPUT");
+      case ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_INTERNAL: return rb_str_new2("INTERNAL");
+      default: return rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
     }
 }
 
@@ -433,13 +433,13 @@ ossl_engine_get_cmds(VALUE self)
     GetEngine(self, e);
     ary = rb_ary_new();
     if ((defn = ENGINE_get_cmd_defns(e)) != NULL){
-	for (p = defn; p->cmd_num > 0; p++){
-	    tmp = rb_ary_new();
-	    rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_str_new2(p->cmd_name));
-	    rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_str_new2(p->cmd_desc));
-	    rb_ary_push(tmp, ossl_engine_cmd_flag_to_name(p->cmd_flags));
-	    rb_ary_push(ary, tmp);
-	}
+        for (p = defn; p->cmd_num > 0; p++){
+            tmp = rb_ary_new();
+            rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_str_new2(p->cmd_name));
+            rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_str_new2(p->cmd_desc));
+            rb_ary_push(tmp, ossl_engine_cmd_flag_to_name(p->cmd_flags));
+            rb_ary_push(ary, tmp);
+        }
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ ossl_engine_inspect(VALUE self)
 
     GetEngine(self, e);
     return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE" id=\"%s\" name=\"%s\">",
-		      rb_obj_class(self), ENGINE_get_id(e), ENGINE_get_name(e));
+                      rb_obj_class(self), ENGINE_get_id(e), ENGINE_get_name(e));
 }
 
 #define DefEngineConst(x) rb_define_const(cEngine, #x, INT2NUM(ENGINE_##x))
@@ -466,11 +466,6 @@ ossl_engine_inspect(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_engine(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     cEngine = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Engine", rb_cObject);
     eEngineError = rb_define_class_under(cEngine, "EngineError", eOSSLError);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
index 3aa7aead4d..ddcc6a5f8d 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #define GetHMAC(obj, ctx) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), EVP_MD_CTX, &ossl_hmac_type, (ctx)); \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "HMAC wasn't initialized"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "HMAC wasn't initialized"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
  */
 static VALUE cHMAC;
 static VALUE eHMACError;
+static ID id_md_holder;
 
 /*
  * Public
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ ossl_hmac_free(void *ctx)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_hmac_type = {
     "OpenSSL/HMAC",
     {
-	0, ossl_hmac_free,
+        0, ossl_hmac_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -73,17 +74,17 @@ ossl_hmac_alloc(VALUE klass)
  *
  * === Example
  *
- *	key = 'key'
- * 	instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new(key, 'SHA1')
- * 	#=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
- * 	instance.class
- * 	#=> OpenSSL::HMAC
+ *      key = 'key'
+ *      instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new(key, 'SHA1')
+ *      #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
+ *      instance.class
+ *      #=> OpenSSL::HMAC
  *
  * === A note about comparisons
  *
  * Two instances can be securely compared with #== in constant time:
  *
- *	other_instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', 'SHA1')
+ *      other_instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', 'SHA1')
  *  #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
  *  instance == other_instance
  *  #=> true
@@ -94,25 +95,29 @@ ossl_hmac_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+    const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     GetHMAC(self, ctx);
     StringValue(key);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key(EVP_PKEY_HMAC, NULL,
                                         (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key),
                                         RSTRING_LENINT(key));
     if (!pkey)
         ossl_raise(eHMACError, "EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key");
-    if (EVP_DigestSignInit(ctx, NULL, ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest),
-                           NULL, pkey) != 1) {
+    if (EVP_DigestSignInit(ctx, NULL, md, NULL, pkey) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         ossl_raise(eHMACError, "EVP_DigestSignInit");
     }
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_md_holder, md_holder);
     /* Decrement reference counter; EVP_MD_CTX still keeps it */
     EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
 
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -137,13 +142,13 @@ ossl_hmac_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *
  * === Example
  *
- *	first_chunk = 'The quick brown fox jumps '
- * 	second_chunk = 'over the lazy dog'
+ *      first_chunk = 'The quick brown fox jumps '
+ *      second_chunk = 'over the lazy dog'
  *
- * 	instance.update(first_chunk)
- * 	#=> 5b9a8038a65d571076d97fe783989e52278a492a
- * 	instance.update(second_chunk)
- * 	#=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9
+ *      instance.update(first_chunk)
+ *      #=> 5b9a8038a65d571076d97fe783989e52278a492a
+ *      instance.update(second_chunk)
+ *      #=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -221,14 +226,14 @@ ossl_hmac_hexdigest(VALUE self)
  *
  * === Example
  *
- *	data = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
- * 	instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', 'SHA1')
- * 	#=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
+ *      data = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
+ *      instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', 'SHA1')
+ *      #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
  *
- * 	instance.update(data)
- * 	#=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9
- * 	instance.reset
- * 	#=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
+ *      instance.update(data)
+ *      #=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9
+ *      instance.reset
+ *      #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -251,11 +256,6 @@ ossl_hmac_reset(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_hmac(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /*
      * Document-class: OpenSSL::HMAC
      *
@@ -299,4 +299,6 @@ Init_ossl_hmac(void)
     rb_define_method(cHMAC, "hexdigest", ossl_hmac_hexdigest, 0);
     rb_define_alias(cHMAC, "inspect", "hexdigest");
     rb_define_alias(cHMAC, "to_s", "hexdigest");
+
+    id_md_holder = rb_intern_const("EVP_MD_holder");
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_kdf.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_kdf.c
index f349939a80..99a3589b39 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_kdf.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_kdf.c
@@ -7,6 +7,27 @@
 
 static VALUE mKDF, eKDF;
 
+struct pbkdf2_hmac_args {
+    char *pass;
+    int passlen;
+    unsigned char *salt;
+    int saltlen;
+    int iters;
+    const EVP_MD *md;
+    int len;
+    unsigned char *out;
+};
+
+static void *
+pbkdf2_hmac_nogvl(void *args_)
+{
+    struct pbkdf2_hmac_args *args = (struct pbkdf2_hmac_args *)args_;
+    int ret = PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(args->pass, args->passlen, args->salt,
+                                args->saltlen, args->iters, args->md,
+                                args->len, args->out);
+    return (void *)(uintptr_t)ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   KDF.pbkdf2_hmac(pass, salt:, iterations:, length:, hash:) -> aString
@@ -18,6 +39,10 @@ static VALUE mKDF, eKDF;
  * For more information about PBKDF2, see RFC 2898 Section 5.2
  * (https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2898#section-5.2).
  *
+ * *NOTE*: This method cannot be interrupted by Timeout.timeout from the
+ * "timeout" library. Do not take parameters from untrusted sources without
+ * enforcing reasonable limits.
+ *
  * === Parameters
  * pass       :: The password.
  * salt       :: The salt. Salts prevent attacks based on dictionaries of common
@@ -35,16 +60,16 @@ static VALUE mKDF, eKDF;
 static VALUE
 kdf_pbkdf2_hmac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE pass, salt, opts, kwargs[4], str;
+    VALUE pass, salt, opts, kwargs[4], str, md_holder, pass_tmp, salt_tmp;
     static ID kwargs_ids[4];
-    int iters, len;
+    int passlen, saltlen, iters, len;
     const EVP_MD *md;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("iterations");
-	kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("length");
-	kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("hash");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("iterations");
+        kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("length");
+        kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("hash");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &pass, &opts);
     rb_get_kwargs(opts, kwargs_ids, 4, 0, kwargs);
@@ -53,19 +78,57 @@ kdf_pbkdf2_hmac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     salt = StringValue(kwargs[0]);
     iters = NUM2INT(kwargs[1]);
     len = NUM2INT(kwargs[2]);
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(kwargs[3]);
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    if (!PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LENINT(pass),
-			   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(salt),
-			   RSTRING_LENINT(salt), iters, md, len,
-			   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str)))
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC");
-
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(kwargs[3], &md_holder);
+    passlen = RSTRING_LENINT(pass);
+    saltlen = RSTRING_LENINT(salt);
+    str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
+    struct pbkdf2_hmac_args args = {
+        .pass = ALLOCV(pass_tmp, passlen),
+        .passlen = passlen,
+        .salt = ALLOCV(salt_tmp, saltlen),
+        .saltlen = saltlen,
+        .iters = iters,
+        .md = md,
+        .len = len,
+        .out = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str),
+    };
+    memcpy(args.pass, RSTRING_PTR(pass), passlen);
+    memcpy(args.salt, RSTRING_PTR(salt), saltlen);
+    if (!rb_thread_call_without_gvl(pbkdf2_hmac_nogvl, &args, NULL, NULL))
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC");
+    OPENSSL_cleanse(args.pass, passlen);
+    ALLOCV_END(pass_tmp);
+    ALLOCV_END(salt_tmp);
     return str;
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_EVP_PBE_SCRYPT)
+struct scrypt_args {
+    char *pass;
+    size_t passlen;
+    unsigned char *salt;
+    size_t saltlen;
+    uint64_t N, r, p;
+    size_t len;
+    unsigned char *out;
+};
+
+static void *
+scrypt_nogvl(void *args_)
+{
+    struct scrypt_args *args = (struct scrypt_args *)args_;
+    /*
+     * OpenSSL uses 32MB by default (if zero is specified), which is too
+     * small. Let's not limit memory consumption but just let malloc() fail
+     * inside OpenSSL. The amount is controllable by other parameters.
+     */
+    uint64_t maxmem = UINT64_MAX;
+    int ret = EVP_PBE_scrypt(args->pass, args->passlen,
+                             args->salt, args->saltlen, args->N, args->r,
+                             args->p, maxmem, args->out, args->len);
+    return (void *)(uintptr_t)ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   KDF.scrypt(pass, salt:, N:, r:, p:, length:) -> aString
@@ -84,6 +147,10 @@ kdf_pbkdf2_hmac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *
  * See RFC 7914 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7914) for more information.
  *
+ * *NOTE*: This method cannot be interrupted by Timeout.timeout from the
+ * "timeout" library. Do not take parameters from untrusted sources without
+ * enforcing reasonable limits.
+ *
  * === Parameters
  * pass   :: Passphrase.
  * salt   :: Salt.
@@ -101,17 +168,18 @@ kdf_pbkdf2_hmac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 kdf_scrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE pass, salt, opts, kwargs[5], str;
+    VALUE pass, salt, opts, kwargs[5], str, pass_tmp, salt_tmp;
     static ID kwargs_ids[5];
-    size_t len;
-    uint64_t N, r, p, maxmem;
+    size_t passlen, saltlen;
+    long len;
+    uint64_t N, r, p;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("N");
-	kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("r");
-	kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("p");
-	kwargs_ids[4] = rb_intern_const("length");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("N");
+        kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("r");
+        kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("p");
+        kwargs_ids[4] = rb_intern_const("length");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &pass, &opts);
     rb_get_kwargs(opts, kwargs_ids, 5, 0, kwargs);
@@ -122,19 +190,27 @@ kdf_scrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     r = NUM2UINT64T(kwargs[2]);
     p = NUM2UINT64T(kwargs[3]);
     len = NUM2LONG(kwargs[4]);
-    /*
-     * OpenSSL uses 32MB by default (if zero is specified), which is too small.
-     * Let's not limit memory consumption but just let malloc() fail inside
-     * OpenSSL. The amount is controllable by other parameters.
-     */
-    maxmem = SIZE_MAX;
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    if (!EVP_PBE_scrypt(RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LEN(pass),
-			(unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(salt), RSTRING_LEN(salt),
-			N, r, p, maxmem, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), len))
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PBE_scrypt");
-
+    passlen = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
+    saltlen = RSTRING_LEN(salt);
+    str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
+    struct scrypt_args args = {
+        .pass = ALLOCV(pass_tmp, passlen),
+        .passlen = passlen,
+        .salt = ALLOCV(salt_tmp, saltlen),
+        .saltlen = saltlen,
+        .N = N,
+        .r = r,
+        .p = p,
+        .len = len,
+        .out = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str),
+    };
+    memcpy(args.pass, RSTRING_PTR(pass), passlen);
+    memcpy(args.salt, RSTRING_PTR(salt), saltlen);
+    if (!rb_thread_call_without_gvl(scrypt_nogvl, &args, NULL, NULL))
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PBE_scrypt");
+    OPENSSL_cleanse(args.pass, passlen);
+    ALLOCV_END(pass_tmp);
+    ALLOCV_END(salt_tmp);
     return str;
 }
 #endif
@@ -172,7 +248,7 @@ kdf_scrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 kdf_hkdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE ikm, salt, info, opts, kwargs[4], str;
+    VALUE ikm, salt, info, opts, kwargs[4], str, md_holder;
     static ID kwargs_ids[4];
     int saltlen, ikmlen, infolen;
     size_t len;
@@ -180,10 +256,10 @@ kdf_hkdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("info");
-	kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("length");
-	kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("hash");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("info");
+        kwargs_ids[2] = rb_intern_const("length");
+        kwargs_ids[3] = rb_intern_const("hash");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &ikm, &opts);
     rb_get_kwargs(opts, kwargs_ids, 4, 0, kwargs);
@@ -196,39 +272,39 @@ kdf_hkdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     infolen = RSTRING_LENINT(info);
     len = (size_t)NUM2LONG(kwargs[2]);
     if (len > LONG_MAX)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "length must be non-negative");
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(kwargs[3]);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "length must be non-negative");
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(kwargs[3], &md_holder);
 
     str = rb_str_new(NULL, (long)len);
     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_HKDF, NULL);
     if (!pctx)
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id");
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id");
     if (EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_derive_init");
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_derive_init");
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(pctx, md) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md");
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md");
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_salt(pctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(salt),
-				    saltlen) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_salt");
+                                    saltlen) <= 0) {
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_salt");
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_key(pctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(ikm),
-				   ikmlen) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_key");
+                                   ikmlen) <= 0) {
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_key");
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_add1_hkdf_info(pctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(info),
-				    infolen) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_info");
+                                    infolen) <= 0) {
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_info");
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_derive(pctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), &len) <= 0) {
-	EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-	ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_derive");
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
+        ossl_raise(eKDF, "EVP_PKEY_derive");
     }
     rb_str_set_len(str, (long)len);
     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
@@ -239,11 +315,6 @@ kdf_hkdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_kdf(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /*
      * Document-module: OpenSSL::KDF
      *
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
index 445aeeba15..8440c2ee82 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_netscape_spki_type, 0)
 #define SetSPKI(obj, spki) do { \
     if (!(spki)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SPKI wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SPKI wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (spki); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetSPKI(obj, spki) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), NETSCAPE_SPKI, &ossl_netscape_spki_type, (spki)); \
     if (!(spki)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SPKI wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SPKI wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ ossl_netscape_spki_free(void *spki)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_netscape_spki_type = {
     "OpenSSL/NETSCAPE_SPKI",
     {
-	0, ossl_netscape_spki_free,
+        0, ossl_netscape_spki_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ossl_spki_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewSPKI(klass);
     if (!(spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
     SetSPKI(obj, spki);
 
@@ -83,15 +83,15 @@ ossl_spki_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     const unsigned char *p;
 
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &buffer) == 0) {
-	return self;
+        return self;
     }
     StringValue(buffer);
     if (!(spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(RSTRING_PTR(buffer), RSTRING_LENINT(buffer)))) {
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(buffer);
-	if (!(spki = d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKI(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(buffer)))) {
-	    ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
-	}
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(buffer);
+        if (!(spki = d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKI(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(buffer)))) {
+            ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        }
     }
     NETSCAPE_SPKI_free(DATA_PTR(self));
     SetSPKI(self, spki);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ossl_spki_to_pem(VALUE self)
 
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
     if (!(data = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_encode(spki))) {
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_buf2str(data, rb_long2int(strlen(data)));
 
@@ -162,11 +162,11 @@ ossl_spki_print(VALUE self)
 
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
     if (!NETSCAPE_SPKI_print(out, spki)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -187,10 +187,10 @@ ossl_spki_get_public_key(VALUE self)
 
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
     if (!(pkey = NETSCAPE_SPKI_get_pubkey(spki))) { /* adds an reference */
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey); /* NO DUP - OK */
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ ossl_spki_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!NETSCAPE_SPKI_set_pubkey(spki, pkey))
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, "NETSCAPE_SPKI_set_pubkey");
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, "NETSCAPE_SPKI_set_pubkey");
     return key;
 }
 
@@ -230,13 +230,12 @@ ossl_spki_get_challenge(VALUE self)
     NETSCAPE_SPKI *spki;
 
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
-    if (spki->spkac->challenge->length <= 0) {
-	OSSL_Debug("Challenge.length <= 0?");
-	return rb_str_new(0, 0);
+    if (ASN1_STRING_length(spki->spkac->challenge) <= 0) {
+        OSSL_Debug("Challenge.length <= 0?");
+        return rb_str_new(0, 0);
     }
 
-    return rb_str_new((const char *)spki->spkac->challenge->data,
-		      spki->spkac->challenge->length);
+    return asn1str_to_str(spki->spkac->challenge);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -257,8 +256,8 @@ ossl_spki_set_challenge(VALUE self, VALUE str)
     StringValue(str);
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
     if (!ASN1_STRING_set(spki->spkac->challenge, RSTRING_PTR(str),
-			 RSTRING_LENINT(str))) {
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
+                         RSTRING_LENINT(str))) {
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
 
     return str;
@@ -283,13 +282,13 @@ ossl_spki_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
     NETSCAPE_SPKI *spki;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
-    if (!NETSCAPE_SPKI_sign(spki, pkey, md)) {
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
-    }
+    if (!NETSCAPE_SPKI_sign(spki, pkey, md))
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, "NETSCAPE_SPKI_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -315,12 +314,12 @@ ossl_spki_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     switch (NETSCAPE_SPKI_verify(spki, pkey)) {
       case 0:
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
       case 1:
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
       default:
-	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, "NETSCAPE_SPKI_verify");
+        ossl_raise(eSPKIError, "NETSCAPE_SPKI_verify");
     }
 }
 
@@ -378,11 +377,6 @@ ossl_spki_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 void
 Init_ossl_ns_spki(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     mNetscape = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "Netscape");
 
     eSPKIError = rb_define_class_under(mNetscape, "SPKIError", eOSSLError);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
index 156cc2cbce..9dd4b466d2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ ossl_ocsp_request_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_request_type = {
     "OpenSSL/OCSP/REQUEST",
     {
-	0, ossl_ocsp_request_free,
+        0, ossl_ocsp_request_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ ossl_ocsp_response_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_response_type = {
     "OpenSSL/OCSP/RESPONSE",
     {
-	0, ossl_ocsp_response_free,
+        0, ossl_ocsp_response_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ ossl_ocsp_basicresp_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_basicresp_type = {
     "OpenSSL/OCSP/BASICRESP",
     {
-	0, ossl_ocsp_basicresp_free,
+        0, ossl_ocsp_basicresp_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ ossl_ocsp_singleresp_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_singleresp_type = {
     "OpenSSL/OCSP/SINGLERESP",
     {
-	0, ossl_ocsp_singleresp_free,
+        0, ossl_ocsp_singleresp_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ossl_ocsp_certid_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_certid_type = {
     "OpenSSL/OCSP/CERTID",
     {
-	0, ossl_ocsp_certid_free,
+        0, ossl_ocsp_certid_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -149,10 +149,14 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ocsp_certid_type = {
  * Public
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_ocspcertid_new(OCSP_CERTID *cid)
+ossl_ocspcid_new(const OCSP_CERTID *cid)
 {
     VALUE obj = NewOCSPCertId(cOCSPCertId);
-    SetOCSPCertId(obj, cid);
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    OCSP_CERTID *cid_new = OCSP_CERTID_dup((OCSP_CERTID *)cid);
+    if (!cid_new)
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_CERTID_dup");
+    SetOCSPCertId(obj, cid_new);
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -167,12 +171,13 @@ ossl_ocspreq_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewOCSPReq(klass);
     if (!(req = OCSP_REQUEST_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPReq(obj, req);
 
     return obj;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspreq_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -184,7 +189,7 @@ ossl_ocspreq_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     req_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_REQUEST), req);
     if (!req_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
 
     SetOCSPReq(self, req_new);
     OCSP_REQUEST_free(req_old);
@@ -210,15 +215,15 @@ ossl_ocspreq_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg);
     if(!NIL_P(arg)){
-	GetOCSPReq(self, req);
-	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
-	StringValue(arg);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
-	req_new = d2i_OCSP_REQUEST(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
-	if (!req_new)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_REQUEST");
-	SetOCSPReq(self, req_new);
-	OCSP_REQUEST_free(req);
+        GetOCSPReq(self, req);
+        arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
+        StringValue(arg);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+        req_new = d2i_OCSP_REQUEST(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
+        if (!req_new)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_REQUEST");
+        SetOCSPReq(self, req_new);
+        OCSP_REQUEST_free(req);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -244,13 +249,13 @@ ossl_ocspreq_add_nonce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
     if(NIL_P(val)) {
-	GetOCSPReq(self, req);
-	ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, NULL, -1);
+        GetOCSPReq(self, req);
+        ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, NULL, -1);
     }
     else{
-	StringValue(val);
-	GetOCSPReq(self, req);
-	ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LENINT(val));
+        StringValue(val);
+        GetOCSPReq(self, req);
+        ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LENINT(val));
     }
     if(!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
 
@@ -307,10 +312,10 @@ ossl_ocspreq_add_certid(VALUE self, VALUE certid)
     GetOCSPCertId(certid, id);
 
     if (!(id_new = OCSP_CERTID_dup(id)))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_CERTID_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_CERTID_dup");
     if (!OCSP_request_add0_id(req, id_new)) {
-	OCSP_CERTID_free(id_new);
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_request_add0_id");
+        OCSP_CERTID_free(id_new);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_request_add0_id");
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -327,21 +332,19 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_ocspreq_get_certid(VALUE self)
 {
     OCSP_REQUEST *req;
-    OCSP_ONEREQ *one;
-    OCSP_CERTID *id;
-    VALUE ary, tmp;
-    int i, count;
 
     GetOCSPReq(self, req);
-    count = OCSP_request_onereq_count(req);
-    ary = (count > 0) ? rb_ary_new() : Qnil;
-    for(i = 0; i < count; i++){
-	one = OCSP_request_onereq_get0(req, i);
-	tmp = NewOCSPCertId(cOCSPCertId);
-	if(!(id = OCSP_CERTID_dup(OCSP_onereq_get0_id(one))))
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
-	SetOCSPCertId(tmp, id);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, tmp);
+    int count = OCSP_request_onereq_count(req);
+    if (count < 0)
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_request_onereq_count");
+    if (count == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        OCSP_ONEREQ *one = OCSP_request_onereq_get0(req, i);
+        OCSP_CERTID *cid = OCSP_onereq_get0_id(one);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_ocspcid_new(cid));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -366,7 +369,7 @@ ossl_ocspreq_get_certid(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspreq_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE signer_cert, signer_key, certs, flags, digest;
+    VALUE signer_cert, signer_key, certs, flags, digest, md_holder;
     OCSP_REQUEST *req;
     X509 *signer;
     EVP_PKEY *key;
@@ -380,19 +383,17 @@ ossl_ocspreq_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     signer = GetX509CertPtr(signer_cert);
     key = GetPrivPKeyPtr(signer_key);
     if (!NIL_P(flags))
-	flg = NUM2INT(flags);
-    if (NIL_P(digest))
-	md = NULL;
-    else
-	md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        flg = NUM2INT(flags);
+    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     if (NIL_P(certs))
-	flg |= OCSP_NOCERTS;
+        flg |= OCSP_NOCERTS;
     else
-	x509s = ossl_x509_ary2sk(certs);
+        x509s = ossl_x509_ary2sk(certs);
 
     ret = OCSP_request_sign(req, signer, key, md, x509s, flg);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-    if (!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+    if (!ret)
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_request_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -426,7 +427,7 @@ ossl_ocspreq_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     result = OCSP_request_verify(req, x509s, x509st, flg);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
     if (result <= 0)
-	ossl_clear_error();
+        ossl_clear_error();
 
     return result > 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
@@ -445,11 +446,11 @@ ossl_ocspreq_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPReq(self, req);
     if((len = i2d_OCSP_REQUEST(req, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_OCSP_REQUEST(req, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -493,7 +494,7 @@ ossl_ocspres_s_create(VALUE klass, VALUE status, VALUE basic_resp)
     else GetOCSPBasicRes(basic_resp, bs); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
     obj = NewOCSPRes(klass);
     if(!(res = OCSP_response_create(st, bs)))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPRes(obj, res);
 
     return obj;
@@ -507,12 +508,13 @@ ossl_ocspres_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewOCSPRes(klass);
     if(!(res = OCSP_RESPONSE_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPRes(obj, res);
 
     return obj;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -524,7 +526,7 @@ ossl_ocspres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     res_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_RESPONSE), res);
     if (!res_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
 
     SetOCSPRes(self, res_new);
     OCSP_RESPONSE_free(res_old);
@@ -550,15 +552,15 @@ ossl_ocspres_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg);
     if(!NIL_P(arg)){
-	GetOCSPRes(self, res);
-	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
-	StringValue(arg);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
-	res_new = d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
-	if (!res_new)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE");
-	SetOCSPRes(self, res_new);
-	OCSP_RESPONSE_free(res);
+        GetOCSPRes(self, res);
+        arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
+        StringValue(arg);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+        res_new = d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
+        if (!res_new)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE");
+        SetOCSPRes(self, res_new);
+        OCSP_RESPONSE_free(res);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -619,7 +621,7 @@ ossl_ocspres_get_basic(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPRes(self, res);
     ret = NewOCSPBasicRes(cOCSPBasicRes);
     if(!(bs = OCSP_response_get1_basic(res)))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     SetOCSPBasicRes(ret, bs);
 
     return ret;
@@ -642,11 +644,11 @@ ossl_ocspres_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPRes(self, res);
     if((len = i2d_OCSP_RESPONSE(res, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_OCSP_RESPONSE(res, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -663,12 +665,13 @@ ossl_ocspbres_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewOCSPBasicRes(klass);
     if(!(bs = OCSP_BASICRESP_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPBasicRes(obj, bs);
 
     return obj;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -680,7 +683,7 @@ ossl_ocspbres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     bs_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_BASICRESP), bs);
     if (!bs_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
 
     SetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs_new);
     OCSP_BASICRESP_free(bs_old);
@@ -705,15 +708,15 @@ ossl_ocspbres_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg);
     if (!NIL_P(arg)) {
-	GetOCSPBasicRes(self, res);
-	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
-	StringValue(arg);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
-	res_new = d2i_OCSP_BASICRESP(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
-	if (!res_new)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_BASICRESP");
-	SetOCSPBasicRes(self, res_new);
-	OCSP_BASICRESP_free(res);
+        GetOCSPBasicRes(self, res);
+        arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
+        StringValue(arg);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+        res_new = d2i_OCSP_BASICRESP(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
+        if (!res_new)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_BASICRESP");
+        SetOCSPBasicRes(self, res_new);
+        OCSP_BASICRESP_free(res);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -758,13 +761,13 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_nonce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
     if(NIL_P(val)) {
-	GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
-	ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, NULL, -1);
+        GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
+        ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, NULL, -1);
     }
     else{
-	StringValue(val);
-	GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
-	ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LENINT(val));
+        StringValue(val);
+        GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
+        ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LENINT(val));
     }
     if(!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
 
@@ -777,12 +780,12 @@ add_status_convert_time(VALUE obj)
     ASN1_TIME *time;
 
     if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(obj))
-	time = X509_gmtime_adj(NULL, NUM2INT(obj));
+        time = X509_gmtime_adj(NULL, NUM2INT(obj));
     else
-	time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, obj);
+        time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, obj);
 
     if (!time)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
 
     return (VALUE)time;
 }
@@ -816,8 +819,8 @@ add_status_convert_time(VALUE obj)
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_add_status(VALUE self, VALUE cid, VALUE status,
-			 VALUE reason, VALUE revtime,
-			 VALUE thisupd, VALUE nextupd, VALUE ext)
+                         VALUE reason, VALUE revtime,
+                         VALUE thisupd, VALUE nextupd, VALUE ext)
 {
     OCSP_BASICRESP *bs;
     OCSP_SINGLERESP *single;
@@ -831,16 +834,16 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_status(VALUE self, VALUE cid, VALUE status,
     GetOCSPCertId(cid, id);
     st = NUM2INT(status);
     if (!NIL_P(ext)) { /* All ext's members must be X509::Extension */
-	ext = rb_check_array_type(ext);
-	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++)
-	    OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ext, i), cX509Ext);
+        ext = rb_check_array_type(ext);
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++)
+            OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ext, i), cX509Ext);
     }
 
     if (st == V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED) {
-	rsn = NUM2INT(reason);
-	tmp = rb_protect(add_status_convert_time, revtime, &rstatus);
-	if (rstatus) goto err;
-	rev = (ASN1_TIME *)tmp;
+        rsn = NUM2INT(reason);
+        tmp = rb_protect(add_status_convert_time, revtime, &rstatus);
+        if (rstatus) goto err;
+        rev = (ASN1_TIME *)tmp;
     }
 
     tmp = rb_protect(add_status_convert_time, thisupd, &rstatus);
@@ -848,29 +851,29 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_status(VALUE self, VALUE cid, VALUE status,
     ths = (ASN1_TIME *)tmp;
 
     if (!NIL_P(nextupd)) {
-	tmp = rb_protect(add_status_convert_time, nextupd, &rstatus);
-	if (rstatus) goto err;
-	nxt = (ASN1_TIME *)tmp;
+        tmp = rb_protect(add_status_convert_time, nextupd, &rstatus);
+        if (rstatus) goto err;
+        nxt = (ASN1_TIME *)tmp;
     }
 
     if(!(single = OCSP_basic_add1_status(bs, id, st, rsn, rev, ths, nxt))){
-	error = 1;
-	goto err;
+        error = 1;
+        goto err;
     }
 
     if(!NIL_P(ext)){
-	X509_EXTENSION *x509ext;
-
-	for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++){
-	    x509ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ext, i));
-	    if(!OCSP_SINGLERESP_add_ext(single, x509ext, -1)){
-		error = 1;
-		goto err;
-	    }
-	}
+        X509_EXTENSION *x509ext;
+
+        for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++){
+            x509ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ext, i));
+            if(!OCSP_SINGLERESP_add_ext(single, x509ext, -1)){
+                error = 1;
+                goto err;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
- err:
+  err:
     ASN1_TIME_free(ths);
     ASN1_TIME_free(nxt);
     ASN1_TIME_free(rev);
@@ -896,48 +899,40 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_get_status(VALUE self)
 {
     OCSP_BASICRESP *bs;
-    OCSP_SINGLERESP *single;
-    OCSP_CERTID *cid;
-    ASN1_TIME *revtime, *thisupd, *nextupd;
-    int status, reason;
-    X509_EXTENSION *x509ext;
-    VALUE ret, ary, ext;
-    int count, ext_count, i, j;
 
     GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
-    ret = rb_ary_new();
-    count = OCSP_resp_count(bs);
-    for(i = 0; i < count; i++){
-	single = OCSP_resp_get0(bs, i);
-	if(!single) continue;
-
-	revtime = thisupd = nextupd = NULL;
-	status = OCSP_single_get0_status(single, &reason, &revtime,
-					 &thisupd, &nextupd);
-	if(status < 0) continue;
-	if(!(cid = OCSP_CERTID_dup((OCSP_CERTID *)OCSP_SINGLERESP_get0_id(single)))) /* FIXME */
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
-	ary = rb_ary_new();
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_ocspcertid_new(cid));
-	rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(status));
-	rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(reason));
-	rb_ary_push(ary, revtime ? asn1time_to_time(revtime) : Qnil);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, thisupd ? asn1time_to_time(thisupd) : Qnil);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, nextupd ? asn1time_to_time(nextupd) : Qnil);
-	ext = rb_ary_new();
-	ext_count = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext_count(single);
-	for(j = 0; j < ext_count; j++){
-	    x509ext = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext(single, j);
-	    rb_ary_push(ext, ossl_x509ext_new(x509ext));
-	}
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ext);
-	rb_ary_push(ret, ary);
+    VALUE ret = rb_ary_new();
+    int count = OCSP_resp_count(bs);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        OCSP_SINGLERESP *single = OCSP_resp_get0(bs, i);
+        ASN1_TIME *revtime = NULL, *thisupd = NULL, *nextupd = NULL;
+        int reason = -1;
+
+        int status = OCSP_single_get0_status(single, &reason, &revtime, &thisupd, &nextupd);
+        if (status < 0)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+
+        VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_ocspcid_new(OCSP_SINGLERESP_get0_id(single)));
+        rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(status));
+        rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(reason));
+        rb_ary_push(ary, revtime ? asn1time_to_time(revtime) : Qnil);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, thisupd ? asn1time_to_time(thisupd) : Qnil);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, nextupd ? asn1time_to_time(nextupd) : Qnil);
+        VALUE ext = rb_ary_new();
+        int ext_count = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext_count(single);
+        for (int j = 0; j < ext_count; j++) {
+            const X509_EXTENSION *x509ext = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext(single, j);
+            rb_ary_push(ext, ossl_x509ext_new(x509ext));
+        }
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ext);
+        rb_ary_push(ret, ary);
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-static VALUE ossl_ocspsres_new(OCSP_SINGLERESP *);
+static VALUE ossl_ocspsres_new(const OCSP_SINGLERESP *);
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -955,17 +950,10 @@ ossl_ocspbres_get_responses(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
     count = OCSP_resp_count(bs);
-    ret = rb_ary_new2(count);
+    ret = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
 
     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-	OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres, *sres_new;
-
-	sres = OCSP_resp_get0(bs, i);
-	sres_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_SINGLERESP), sres);
-	if (!sres_new)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
-
-	rb_ary_push(ret, ossl_ocspsres_new(sres_new));
+        rb_ary_push(ret, ossl_ocspsres_new(OCSP_resp_get0(bs, i)));
     }
 
     return ret;
@@ -983,7 +971,6 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_find_response(VALUE self, VALUE target)
 {
     OCSP_BASICRESP *bs;
-    OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres, *sres_new;
     OCSP_CERTID *id;
     int n;
 
@@ -991,14 +978,8 @@ ossl_ocspbres_find_response(VALUE self, VALUE target)
     GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
 
     if ((n = OCSP_resp_find(bs, id, -1)) == -1)
-	return Qnil;
-
-    sres = OCSP_resp_get0(bs, n);
-    sres_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_SINGLERESP), sres);
-    if (!sres_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
-
-    return ossl_ocspsres_new(sres_new);
+        return Qnil;
+    return ossl_ocspsres_new(OCSP_resp_get0(bs, n));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1017,7 +998,7 @@ ossl_ocspbres_find_response(VALUE self, VALUE target)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE signer_cert, signer_key, certs, flags, digest;
+    VALUE signer_cert, signer_key, certs, flags, digest, md_holder;
     OCSP_BASICRESP *bs;
     X509 *signer;
     EVP_PKEY *key;
@@ -1031,19 +1012,17 @@ ossl_ocspbres_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     signer = GetX509CertPtr(signer_cert);
     key = GetPrivPKeyPtr(signer_key);
     if (!NIL_P(flags))
-	flg = NUM2INT(flags);
-    if (NIL_P(digest))
-	md = NULL;
-    else
-	md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        flg = NUM2INT(flags);
+    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     if (NIL_P(certs))
-	flg |= OCSP_NOCERTS;
+        flg |= OCSP_NOCERTS;
     else
-	x509s = ossl_x509_ary2sk(certs);
+        x509s = ossl_x509_ary2sk(certs);
 
     ret = OCSP_basic_sign(bs, signer, key, md, x509s, flg);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-    if (!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+    if (!ret)
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_basic_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -1072,7 +1051,7 @@ ossl_ocspbres_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     result = OCSP_basic_verify(bs, x509s, x509st, flg);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
     if (result <= 0)
-	ossl_clear_error();
+        ossl_clear_error();
 
     return result > 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
@@ -1093,11 +1072,11 @@ ossl_ocspbres_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPBasicRes(self, res);
     if ((len = i2d_OCSP_BASICRESP(res, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_OCSP_BASICRESP(res, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -1107,12 +1086,18 @@ ossl_ocspbres_to_der(VALUE self)
  * OCSP::SingleResponse
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_ocspsres_new(OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres)
+ossl_ocspsres_new(const OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres)
 {
     VALUE obj;
+    OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres_new;
 
     obj = NewOCSPSingleRes(cOCSPSingleRes);
-    SetOCSPSingleRes(obj, sres);
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    sres_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_SINGLERESP),
+                             (OCSP_SINGLERESP *)sres);
+    if (!sres_new)
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
+    SetOCSPSingleRes(obj, sres_new);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -1125,7 +1110,7 @@ ossl_ocspsres_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewOCSPSingleRes(klass);
     if (!(sres = OCSP_SINGLERESP_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPSingleRes(obj, sres);
 
     return obj;
@@ -1150,13 +1135,14 @@ ossl_ocspsres_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
     p = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
     res_new = d2i_OCSP_SINGLERESP(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
     if (!res_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_SINGLERESP");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_SINGLERESP");
     SetOCSPSingleRes(self, res_new);
     OCSP_SINGLERESP_free(res);
 
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspsres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -1168,7 +1154,7 @@ ossl_ocspsres_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     sres_new = ASN1_item_dup(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(OCSP_SINGLERESP), sres);
     if (!sres_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "ASN1_item_dup");
 
     SetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres_new);
     OCSP_SINGLERESP_free(sres_old);
@@ -1207,15 +1193,15 @@ ossl_ocspsres_check_validity(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, NULL, NULL, &this_update, &next_update);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
 
     ret = OCSP_check_validity(this_update, next_update, nsec, maxsec);
 
     if (ret)
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
     else {
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1229,12 +1215,9 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_ocspsres_get_certid(VALUE self)
 {
     OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres;
-    OCSP_CERTID *id;
 
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
-    id = OCSP_CERTID_dup((OCSP_CERTID *)OCSP_SINGLERESP_get0_id(sres)); /* FIXME */
-
-    return ossl_ocspcertid_new(id);
+    return ossl_ocspcid_new(OCSP_SINGLERESP_get0_id(sres));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1260,7 +1243,7 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_cert_status(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
 
     return INT2NUM(status);
 }
@@ -1279,9 +1262,9 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_this_update(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, NULL, NULL, &time, NULL);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -1300,9 +1283,9 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_next_update(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, NULL, NULL, NULL, &time);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -1321,11 +1304,11 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_revocation_time(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, NULL, &time, NULL, NULL);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
     if (status != V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "certificate is not revoked");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "certificate is not revoked");
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -1343,9 +1326,9 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_revocation_reason(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     status = OCSP_single_get0_status(sres, &reason, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     if (status < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_single_get0_status");
     if (status != V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "certificate is not revoked");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "certificate is not revoked");
 
     return INT2NUM(reason);
 }
@@ -1358,7 +1341,6 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_ocspsres_get_extensions(VALUE self)
 {
     OCSP_SINGLERESP *sres;
-    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
     int count, i;
     VALUE ary;
 
@@ -1367,8 +1349,8 @@ ossl_ocspsres_get_extensions(VALUE self)
     count = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext_count(sres);
     ary = rb_ary_new2(count);
     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-	ext = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext(sres, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext)); /* will dup */
+        const X509_EXTENSION *ext = OCSP_SINGLERESP_get_ext(sres, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext)); /* will dup */
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -1390,11 +1372,11 @@ ossl_ocspsres_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPSingleRes(self, sres);
     if ((len = i2d_OCSP_SINGLERESP(sres, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_OCSP_SINGLERESP(sres, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -1412,12 +1394,13 @@ ossl_ocspcid_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewOCSPCertId(klass);
     if(!(id = OCSP_CERTID_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     SetOCSPCertId(obj, id);
 
     return obj;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspcid_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -1429,7 +1412,7 @@ ossl_ocspcid_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     cid_new = OCSP_CERTID_dup(cid);
     if (!cid_new)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_CERTID_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_CERTID_dup");
 
     SetOCSPCertId(self, cid_new);
     OCSP_CERTID_free(cid_old);
@@ -1459,27 +1442,28 @@ ossl_ocspcid_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPCertId(self, id);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &subject, &issuer, &digest) == 1) {
-	VALUE arg;
-	const unsigned char *p;
-
-	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(subject);
-	StringValue(arg);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
-	newid = d2i_OCSP_CERTID(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
-	if (!newid)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_CERTID");
+        VALUE arg;
+        const unsigned char *p;
+
+        arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(subject);
+        StringValue(arg);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+        newid = d2i_OCSP_CERTID(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(arg));
+        if (!newid)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "d2i_OCSP_CERTID");
     }
     else {
-	X509 *x509s, *x509i;
-	const EVP_MD *md;
+        X509 *x509s, *x509i;
+        const EVP_MD *md;
+        VALUE md_holder;
 
-	x509s = GetX509CertPtr(subject); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-	x509i = GetX509CertPtr(issuer); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-	md = !NIL_P(digest) ? ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest) : NULL;
+        x509s = GetX509CertPtr(subject); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+        x509i = GetX509CertPtr(issuer); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+        md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
 
-	newid = OCSP_cert_to_id(md, x509s, x509i);
-	if (!newid)
-	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_cert_to_id");
+        newid = OCSP_cert_to_id(md, x509s, x509i);
+        if (!newid)
+            ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "OCSP_cert_to_id");
     }
 
     SetOCSPCertId(self, newid);
@@ -1565,8 +1549,9 @@ ossl_ocspcid_get_issuer_name_hash(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPCertId(self, id);
     OCSP_id_get0_info(&name_hash, NULL, NULL, NULL, id);
 
-    ret = rb_str_new(NULL, name_hash->length * 2);
-    ossl_bin2hex(name_hash->data, RSTRING_PTR(ret), name_hash->length);
+    ret = rb_str_new(NULL, ASN1_STRING_length(name_hash) * 2);
+    ossl_bin2hex(ASN1_STRING_get0_data(name_hash), RSTRING_PTR(ret),
+                 ASN1_STRING_length(name_hash));
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1588,8 +1573,9 @@ ossl_ocspcid_get_issuer_key_hash(VALUE self)
     GetOCSPCertId(self, id);
     OCSP_id_get0_info(NULL, NULL, &key_hash, NULL, id);
 
-    ret = rb_str_new(NULL, key_hash->length * 2);
-    ossl_bin2hex(key_hash->data, RSTRING_PTR(ret), key_hash->length);
+    ret = rb_str_new(NULL, ASN1_STRING_length(key_hash) * 2);
+    ossl_bin2hex(ASN1_STRING_get0_data(key_hash), RSTRING_PTR(ret),
+                 ASN1_STRING_length(key_hash));
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1606,19 +1592,10 @@ ossl_ocspcid_get_hash_algorithm(VALUE self)
 {
     OCSP_CERTID *id;
     ASN1_OBJECT *oid;
-    BIO *out;
 
     GetOCSPCertId(self, id);
     OCSP_id_get0_info(NULL, &oid, NULL, NULL, id);
-
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "BIO_new");
-
-    if (!i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, oid)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "i2a_ASN1_OBJECT");
-    }
-    return ossl_membio2str(out);
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(oid);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1637,11 +1614,11 @@ ossl_ocspcid_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetOCSPCertId(self, id);
     if ((len = i2d_OCSP_CERTID(id, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_OCSP_CERTID(id, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -1650,11 +1627,6 @@ ossl_ocspcid_to_der(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_ocsp(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /*
      * OpenSSL::OCSP implements Online Certificate Status Protocol requests
      * and responses.
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
index c2c544e4ff..a47c81354c 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_pkcs12_type = {
     "OpenSSL/PKCS12",
     {
-	0, ossl_pkcs12_free,
+        0, ossl_pkcs12_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs12_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     p12_new = ASN1_dup((i2d_of_void *)i2d_PKCS12, (d2i_of_void *)d2i_PKCS12, (char *)p12);
     if (!p12_new)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "ASN1_dup");
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "ASN1_dup");
 
     SetPKCS12(self, p12_new);
     PKCS12_free(p12_old);
@@ -121,11 +122,11 @@ ossl_pkcs12_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 /* TODO: make a VALUE to nid function */
     if (!NIL_P(key_nid)) {
         if ((nkey = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(key_nid))) == NID_undef)
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %"PRIsVALUE, key_nid);
+            ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %"PRIsVALUE, key_nid);
     }
     if (!NIL_P(cert_nid)) {
         if ((ncert = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(cert_nid))) == NID_undef)
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %"PRIsVALUE, cert_nid);
+            ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %"PRIsVALUE, cert_nid);
     }
     if (!NIL_P(key_iter))
         kiter = NUM2INT(key_iter);
@@ -160,9 +161,9 @@ ossl_pkcs12_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_pkey_new_i(VALUE arg)
+ossl_pkey_wrap_i(VALUE arg)
 {
-    return ossl_pkey_new((EVP_PKEY *)arg);
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap((EVP_PKEY *)arg);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ ossl_x509_sk2ary_i(VALUE arg)
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs12_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
+    PKCS12 *p12, *p12_orig = DATA_PTR(self);
     BIO *in;
     VALUE arg, pass, pkey, cert, ca;
     char *passphrase;
@@ -197,29 +199,31 @@ ossl_pkcs12_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     X509 *x509;
     STACK_OF(X509) *x509s = NULL;
     int st = 0;
-    PKCS12 *pkcs = DATA_PTR(self);
 
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &pass) == 0) return self;
     passphrase = NIL_P(pass) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(pass);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
-    d2i_PKCS12_bio(in, &pkcs);
-    DATA_PTR(self) = pkcs;
+    p12 = d2i_PKCS12_bio(in, NULL);
     BIO_free(in);
+    if (!p12)
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "d2i_PKCS12_bio");
+    PKCS12_free(p12_orig);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = p12;
 
     pkey = cert = ca = Qnil;
-    if(!PKCS12_parse(pkcs, passphrase, &key, &x509, &x509s))
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "PKCS12_parse");
+    if (!PKCS12_parse(p12, passphrase, &key, &x509, &x509s))
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "PKCS12_parse");
     if (key) {
-	pkey = rb_protect(ossl_pkey_new_i, (VALUE)key, &st);
-	if (st) goto err;
+        pkey = rb_protect(ossl_pkey_wrap_i, (VALUE)key, &st);
+        if (st) goto err;
     }
     if (x509) {
-	cert = rb_protect(ossl_x509_new_i, (VALUE)x509, &st);
-	if (st) goto err;
+        cert = rb_protect(ossl_x509_new_i, (VALUE)x509, &st);
+        if (st) goto err;
     }
     if (x509s) {
-	ca = rb_protect(ossl_x509_sk2ary_i, (VALUE)x509s, &st);
-	if (st) goto err;
+        ca = rb_protect(ossl_x509_sk2ary_i, (VALUE)x509s, &st);
+        if (st) goto err;
     }
 
   err:
@@ -243,11 +247,11 @@ ossl_pkcs12_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKCS12(self, p12);
     if((len = i2d_PKCS12(p12, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_PKCS12(p12, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -270,7 +274,7 @@ static VALUE
 pkcs12_set_mac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     PKCS12 *p12;
-    VALUE pass, salt, iter, md_name;
+    VALUE pass, salt, iter, md_name, md_holder = Qnil;
     int iter_i = 0;
     const EVP_MD *md_type = NULL;
 
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ pkcs12_set_mac(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if (!NIL_P(iter))
         iter_i = NUM2INT(iter);
     if (!NIL_P(md_name))
-        md_type = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(md_name);
+        md_type = ossl_evp_md_fetch(md_name, &md_holder);
 
     if (!PKCS12_set_mac(p12, RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LENINT(pass),
                         !NIL_P(salt) ? (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(salt) : NULL,
@@ -299,11 +303,6 @@ void
 Init_ossl_pkcs12(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /*
      * Defines a file format commonly used to store private keys with
      * accompanying public key certificates, protected with a password-based
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
index 94eb22aa82..44e8cb305b 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_type, 0)
 #define SetPKCS7si(obj, p7si) do { \
     if (!(p7si)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7si wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7si wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (p7si); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetPKCS7si(obj, p7si) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO, &ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_type, (p7si)); \
     if (!(p7si)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7si wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7si wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_type, 0)
 #define SetPKCS7ri(obj, p7ri) do { \
     if (!(p7ri)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7ri wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7ri wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (p7ri); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetPKCS7ri(obj, p7ri) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), PKCS7_RECIP_INFO, &ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_type, (p7ri)); \
     if (!(p7ri)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7ri wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKCS7ri wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ static VALUE cPKCS7;
 static VALUE cPKCS7Signer;
 static VALUE cPKCS7Recipient;
 static VALUE ePKCS7Error;
+static ID id_md_holder, id_cipher_holder;
 
 static void
 ossl_pkcs7_free(void *ptr)
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_pkcs7_type = {
     "OpenSSL/PKCS7",
     {
-	0, ossl_pkcs7_free,
+        0, ossl_pkcs7_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_type = {
     "OpenSSL/PKCS7/SIGNER_INFO",
     {
-	0, ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_free,
+        0, ossl_pkcs7_signer_info_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_type = {
     "OpenSSL/PKCS7/RECIP_INFO",
     {
-	0, ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_free,
+        0, ossl_pkcs7_recip_info_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -143,23 +144,32 @@ ossl_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_dup(PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *si)
 }
 
 static PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *
-ossl_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_dup(PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *si)
+ossl_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_dup(PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *ri)
 {
-    return ASN1_dup((i2d_of_void *)i2d_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO,
-                    (d2i_of_void *)d2i_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO,
-                    si);
+    PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *ri_new = ASN1_dup((i2d_of_void *)i2d_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO,
+                                        (d2i_of_void *)d2i_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO,
+                                        ri);
+    if (ri_new && ri->cert) {
+        if (!X509_up_ref(ri->cert)) {
+            PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_free(ri_new);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        ri_new->cert = ri->cert;
+    }
+    return ri_new;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7si_new(PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *p7si)
 {
-    PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *pkcs7;
+    PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *p7si_new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewPKCS7si(cPKCS7Signer);
-    pkcs7 = p7si ? ossl_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_dup(p7si) : PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_new();
-    if (!pkcs7) ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
-    SetPKCS7si(obj, pkcs7);
+    p7si_new = ossl_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_dup(p7si);
+    if (!p7si_new)
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "ASN1_dup");
+    SetPKCS7si(obj, p7si_new);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -167,13 +177,14 @@ ossl_pkcs7si_new(PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *p7si)
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7ri_new(PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *p7ri)
 {
-    PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *pkcs7;
+    PKCS7_RECIP_INFO *p7ri_new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewPKCS7ri(cPKCS7Recipient);
-    pkcs7 = p7ri ? ossl_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_dup(p7ri) : PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_new();
-    if (!pkcs7) ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
-    SetPKCS7ri(obj, pkcs7);
+    p7ri_new = ossl_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_dup(p7ri);
+    if (!p7ri_new)
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error,"ASN1_dup");
+    SetPKCS7ri(obj, p7ri_new);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -227,7 +238,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_write_smime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     if(NIL_P(data)) data = ossl_pkcs7_get_data(pkcs7);
     GetPKCS7(pkcs7, p7);
     if(!NIL_P(data) && PKCS7_is_detached(p7))
-	flg |= PKCS7_DETACHED;
+        flg |= PKCS7_DETACHED;
     in = NIL_P(data) ? NULL : ossl_obj2bio(&data);
     if(!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))){
         BIO_free(in);
@@ -268,16 +279,16 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&data);
     if(NIL_P(certs)) x509s = NULL;
     else{
-	x509s = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(certs, &status);
-	if(status){
-	    BIO_free(in);
-	    rb_jump_tag(status);
-	}
+        x509s = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(certs, &status);
+        if(status){
+            BIO_free(in);
+            rb_jump_tag(status);
+        }
     }
     if(!(pkcs7 = PKCS7_sign(x509, pkey, x509s, in, flg))){
-	BIO_free(in);
-	sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        BIO_free(in);
+        sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     SetPKCS7(ret, pkcs7);
     ossl_pkcs7_set_data(ret, data);
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    VALUE certs, data, cipher, flags;
+    VALUE certs, data, cipher, flags, cipher_holder;
     STACK_OF(X509) *x509s;
     BIO *in;
     const EVP_CIPHER *ciph;
@@ -316,23 +327,24 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
                  "cipher must be specified. Before version 3.3, " \
                  "the default cipher was RC2-40-CBC.");
     }
-    ciph = ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(cipher);
+    ciph = ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(cipher, &cipher_holder);
     flg = NIL_P(flags) ? 0 : NUM2INT(flags);
     ret = NewPKCS7(cPKCS7);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&data);
     x509s = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(certs, &status);
     if(status){
-	BIO_free(in);
-	rb_jump_tag(status);
+        BIO_free(in);
+        rb_jump_tag(status);
     }
     if (!(p7 = PKCS7_encrypt(x509s, in, ciph, flg))) {
-	BIO_free(in);
-	sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        BIO_free(in);
+        sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     BIO_free(in);
     SetPKCS7(ret, p7);
     ossl_pkcs7_set_data(ret, data);
+    rb_ivar_set(ret, id_cipher_holder, cipher_holder);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
 
     return ret;
@@ -346,7 +358,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewPKCS7(klass);
     if (!(pkcs7 = PKCS7_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     SetPKCS7(obj, pkcs7);
 
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     VALUE arg;
 
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0)
-	return self;
+        return self;
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
     p7 = d2i_PKCS7_bio(in, NULL);
@@ -378,10 +390,10 @@ ossl_pkcs7_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     }
     BIO_free(in);
     if (!p7)
-        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "Could not parse the PKCS7");
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "Could not parse the PKCS7");
     if (!p7->d.ptr) {
         PKCS7_free(p7);
-        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "No content in PKCS7");
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "No content in PKCS7");
     }
 
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = p7;
@@ -392,6 +404,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -405,7 +418,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     pkcs7 = PKCS7_dup(b);
     if (!pkcs7) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     DATA_PTR(self) = pkcs7;
     PKCS7_free(a);
@@ -437,13 +450,13 @@ ossl_pkcs7_sym2typeid(VALUE sym)
     RSTRING_GETMEM(sym, s, l);
 
     for(i = 0; ; i++){
-	if(i == numberof(p7_type_tab))
-	    ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "unknown type \"%"PRIsVALUE"\"", sym);
-	if(strlen(p7_type_tab[i].name) != l) continue;
-	if(strcmp(p7_type_tab[i].name, s) == 0){
-	    ret = p7_type_tab[i].nid;
-	    break;
-	}
+        if(i == numberof(p7_type_tab))
+            ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "unknown type \"%"PRIsVALUE"\"", sym);
+        if(strlen(p7_type_tab[i].name) != l) continue;
+        if(memcmp(p7_type_tab[i].name, s, l) == 0){
+            ret = p7_type_tab[i].nid;
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
     return ret;
@@ -460,7 +473,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_set_type(VALUE self, VALUE type)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
     if(!PKCS7_set_type(p7, ossl_pkcs7_sym2typeid(type)))
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
 
     return type;
 }
@@ -476,15 +489,15 @@ ossl_pkcs7_get_type(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
     if(PKCS7_type_is_signed(p7))
-	return ID2SYM(rb_intern("signed"));
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern("signed"));
     if(PKCS7_type_is_encrypted(p7))
-	return ID2SYM(rb_intern("encrypted"));
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern("encrypted"));
     if(PKCS7_type_is_enveloped(p7))
-	return ID2SYM(rb_intern("enveloped"));
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern("enveloped"));
     if(PKCS7_type_is_signedAndEnveloped(p7))
-	return ID2SYM(rb_intern("signedAndEnveloped"));
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern("signedAndEnveloped"));
     if(PKCS7_type_is_data(p7))
-	return ID2SYM(rb_intern("data"));
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern("data"));
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -495,9 +508,9 @@ ossl_pkcs7_set_detached(VALUE self, VALUE flag)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
     if(flag != Qtrue && flag != Qfalse)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "must specify a boolean");
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "must specify a boolean");
     if(!PKCS7_set_detached(p7, flag == Qtrue ? 1 : 0))
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
 
     return flag;
 }
@@ -507,6 +520,8 @@ ossl_pkcs7_get_detached(VALUE self)
 {
     PKCS7 *p7;
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
+    if (!PKCS7_type_is_signed(p7))
+        return Qfalse;
     return PKCS7_get_detached(p7) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -522,11 +537,14 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_set_cipher(VALUE self, VALUE cipher)
 {
     PKCS7 *pkcs7;
+    const EVP_CIPHER *ciph;
+    VALUE cipher_holder;
 
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
-    if (!PKCS7_set_cipher(pkcs7, ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(cipher))) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
-    }
+    ciph = ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(cipher, &cipher_holder);
+    if (!PKCS7_set_cipher(pkcs7, ciph))
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_set_cipher");
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_cipher_holder, cipher_holder);
 
     return cipher;
 }
@@ -566,8 +584,8 @@ ossl_pkcs7_get_signer(VALUE self)
     num = sk_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_num(sk);
     ary = rb_ary_new_capa(num);
     for (i=0; i<num; i++) {
-	PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *si = sk_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_value(sk, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_pkcs7si_new(si));
+        PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *si = sk_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_value(sk, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_pkcs7si_new(si));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -604,9 +622,9 @@ ossl_pkcs7_get_recipient(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     if (PKCS7_type_is_enveloped(pkcs7))
-	sk = pkcs7->d.enveloped->recipientinfo;
+        sk = pkcs7->d.enveloped->recipientinfo;
     else if (PKCS7_type_is_signedAndEnveloped(pkcs7))
-	sk = pkcs7->d.signed_and_enveloped->recipientinfo;
+        sk = pkcs7->d.signed_and_enveloped->recipientinfo;
     else sk = NULL;
     if (!sk) return rb_ary_new();
     num = sk_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_num(sk);
@@ -628,7 +646,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_add_certificate(VALUE self, VALUE cert)
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     x509 = GetX509CertPtr(cert);  /* NO NEED TO DUP */
     if (!PKCS7_add_certificate(pkcs7, x509)){
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -644,13 +662,13 @@ pkcs7_get_certs(VALUE self)
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     i = OBJ_obj2nid(pkcs7->type);
     switch(i){
-    case NID_pkcs7_signed:
+      case NID_pkcs7_signed:
         certs = pkcs7->d.sign->cert;
         break;
-    case NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped:
+      case NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped:
         certs = pkcs7->d.signed_and_enveloped->cert;
         break;
-    default:
+      default:
         certs = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -667,13 +685,13 @@ pkcs7_get_crls(VALUE self)
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     i = OBJ_obj2nid(pkcs7->type);
     switch(i){
-    case NID_pkcs7_signed:
+      case NID_pkcs7_signed:
         crls = pkcs7->d.sign->crl;
         break;
-    case NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped:
+      case NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped:
         crls = pkcs7->d.signed_and_enveloped->crl;
         break;
-    default:
+      default:
         crls = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -720,7 +738,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_add_crl(VALUE self, VALUE crl)
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7); /* NO DUP needed! */
     x509crl = GetX509CRLPtr(crl);
     if (!PKCS7_add_crl(pkcs7, x509crl)) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -767,7 +785,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     BIO *in, *out;
     PKCS7 *p7;
     VALUE data;
-    const char *msg;
 
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &certs, &store, &indata, &flags);
@@ -777,28 +794,30 @@ ossl_pkcs7_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     in = NIL_P(indata) ? NULL : ossl_obj2bio(&indata);
     if(NIL_P(certs)) x509s = NULL;
     else{
-	x509s = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(certs, &status);
-	if(status){
-	    BIO_free(in);
-	    rb_jump_tag(status);
-	}
+        x509s = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(certs, &status);
+        if(status){
+            BIO_free(in);
+            rb_jump_tag(status);
+        }
     }
     if(!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))){
-	BIO_free(in);
-	sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        BIO_free(in);
+        sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     ok = PKCS7_verify(p7, x509s, x509st, in, out, flg);
     BIO_free(in);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
-    if (ok < 0) ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_verify");
-    msg = ERR_reason_error_string(ERR_peek_error());
-    ossl_pkcs7_set_err_string(self, msg ? rb_str_new2(msg) : Qnil);
-    ossl_clear_error();
     data = ossl_membio2str(out);
     ossl_pkcs7_set_data(self, data);
-
-    return (ok == 1) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    if (ok != 1) {
+        const char *msg = ERR_reason_error_string(ERR_peek_error());
+        ossl_pkcs7_set_err_string(self, msg ? rb_str_new_cstr(msg) : Qnil);
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+    ossl_pkcs7_set_err_string(self, Qnil);
+    return Qtrue;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -818,10 +837,10 @@ ossl_pkcs7_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     flg = NIL_P(flags) ? 0 : NUM2INT(flags);
     GetPKCS7(self, p7);
     if(!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     if(!PKCS7_decrypt(p7, key, x509, out, flg)){
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out); /* out will be free */
 
@@ -834,30 +853,38 @@ ossl_pkcs7_add_data(VALUE self, VALUE data)
     PKCS7 *pkcs7;
     BIO *out, *in;
     char buf[4096];
-    int len;
+    int len, ret;
 
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
-    if(PKCS7_type_is_signed(pkcs7)){
-	if(!PKCS7_content_new(pkcs7, NID_pkcs7_data))
-	    ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+    if (PKCS7_type_is_signed(pkcs7)) {
+        if (!PKCS7_content_new(pkcs7, NID_pkcs7_data))
+            ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_content_new");
     }
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&data);
-    if(!(out = PKCS7_dataInit(pkcs7, NULL))) goto err;
-    for(;;){
-	if((len = BIO_read(in, buf, sizeof(buf))) <= 0)
-	    break;
-	if(BIO_write(out, buf, len) != len)
-	    goto err;
+    if (!(out = PKCS7_dataInit(pkcs7, NULL))) {
+        BIO_free(in);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_dataInit");
     }
-    if(!PKCS7_dataFinal(pkcs7, out)) goto err;
-    ossl_pkcs7_set_data(self, Qnil);
-
- err:
+    for (;;) {
+        if ((len = BIO_read(in, buf, sizeof(buf))) <= 0)
+            break;
+        if (BIO_write(out, buf, len) != len) {
+            BIO_free_all(out);
+            BIO_free(in);
+            ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "BIO_write");
+        }
+    }
+    if (BIO_flush(out) <= 0) {
+        BIO_free_all(out);
+        BIO_free(in);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "BIO_flush");
+    }
+    ret = PKCS7_dataFinal(pkcs7, out);
     BIO_free_all(out);
     BIO_free(in);
-    if(ERR_peek_error()){
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
-    }
+    if (!ret)
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_dataFinal");
+    ossl_pkcs7_set_data(self, Qnil);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -872,11 +899,11 @@ ossl_pkcs7_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     if((len = i2d_PKCS7(pkcs7, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_PKCS7(pkcs7, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -910,11 +937,11 @@ ossl_pkcs7_to_pem(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKCS7(self, pkcs7);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS7(out, pkcs7)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
@@ -932,7 +959,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7si_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewPKCS7si(klass);
     if (!(p7si = PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     SetPKCS7si(obj, p7si);
 
@@ -946,14 +973,15 @@ ossl_pkcs7si_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE cert, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     X509 *x509;
     const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
     x509 = GetX509CertPtr(cert); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     GetPKCS7si(self, p7si);
-    if (!(PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_set(p7si, x509, pkey, md))) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
-    }
+    if (PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_set(p7si, x509, pkey, md) <= 0)
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, "PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_set");
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_md_holder, md_holder);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -982,15 +1010,15 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7si_get_signed_time(VALUE self)
 {
     PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *p7si;
-    ASN1_TYPE *asn1obj;
+    const ASN1_TYPE *asn1obj;
 
     GetPKCS7si(self, p7si);
 
     if (!(asn1obj = PKCS7_get_signed_attribute(p7si, NID_pkcs9_signingTime))) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     if (asn1obj->type == V_ASN1_UTCTIME) {
-	return asn1time_to_time(asn1obj->value.utctime);
+        return asn1time_to_time(asn1obj->value.utctime);
     }
     /*
      * OR
@@ -1012,7 +1040,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7ri_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewPKCS7ri(klass);
     if (!(p7ri = PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
     SetPKCS7ri(obj, p7ri);
 
@@ -1027,8 +1055,8 @@ ossl_pkcs7ri_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE cert)
 
     x509 = GetX509CertPtr(cert); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
     GetPKCS7ri(self, p7ri);
-    if (!PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_set(p7ri, x509)) {
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
+    if (PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_set(p7ri, x509) <= 0) {
+        ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -1071,11 +1099,6 @@ void
 Init_ossl_pkcs7(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     cPKCS7 = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "PKCS7", rb_cObject);
     ePKCS7Error = rb_define_class_under(cPKCS7, "PKCS7Error", eOSSLError);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS7, "read_smime", ossl_pkcs7_s_read_smime, 1);
@@ -1139,4 +1162,7 @@ Init_ossl_pkcs7(void)
     DefPKCS7Const(BINARY);
     DefPKCS7Const(NOATTR);
     DefPKCS7Const(NOSMIMECAP);
+
+    id_md_holder = rb_intern_const("EVP_MD_holder");
+    id_cipher_holder = rb_intern_const("EVP_CIPHER_holder");
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
index 03cb859790..a53332b17e 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ ossl_evp_pkey_free(void *ptr)
 const rb_data_type_t ossl_evp_pkey_type = {
     "OpenSSL/EVP_PKEY",
     {
-	0, ossl_evp_pkey_free,
+        0, ossl_evp_pkey_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
 static VALUE
-pkey_new0(VALUE arg)
+pkey_wrap0(VALUE arg)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey = (EVP_PKEY *)arg;
     VALUE klass, obj;
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ pkey_new0(VALUE arg)
 }
 
 VALUE
-ossl_pkey_new(EVP_PKEY *pkey)
+ossl_pkey_wrap(EVP_PKEY *pkey)
 {
     VALUE obj;
     int status;
 
-    obj = rb_protect(pkey_new0, (VALUE)pkey, &status);
+    obj = rb_protect(pkey_wrap0, (VALUE)pkey, &status);
     if (status) {
-	EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-	rb_jump_tag(status);
+        EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
+        rb_jump_tag(status);
     }
 
     return obj;
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ ossl_pkey_read(BIO *bio, const char *input_type, int selection, VALUE pass)
                                          selection, NULL, NULL);
     if (!dctx)
         goto out;
-    if (OSSL_DECODER_CTX_set_pem_password_cb(dctx, ossl_pem_passwd_cb,
+    if (selection == EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR &&
+        OSSL_DECODER_CTX_set_pem_password_cb(dctx, ossl_pem_passwd_cb,
                                              ppass) != 1)
         goto out;
     while (1) {
@@ -187,23 +188,23 @@ ossl_pkey_read_generic(BIO *bio, VALUE pass)
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
 
     if ((pkey = d2i_PrivateKey_bio(bio, NULL)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
     OSSL_BIO_reset(bio);
     if ((pkey = d2i_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio(bio, NULL, ossl_pem_passwd_cb, ppass)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
     OSSL_BIO_reset(bio);
     if ((pkey = d2i_PUBKEY_bio(bio, NULL)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
     OSSL_BIO_reset(bio);
     /* PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey() also parses PKCS #8 formats */
     if ((pkey = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio, NULL, ossl_pem_passwd_cb, ppass)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
     OSSL_BIO_reset(bio);
     if ((pkey = PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(bio, NULL, NULL, NULL)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
     OSSL_BIO_reset(bio);
     if ((pkey = PEM_read_bio_Parameters(bio, NULL)))
-	goto out;
+        goto out;
 
   out:
     return pkey;
@@ -238,8 +239,8 @@ ossl_pkey_new_from_data(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = ossl_pkey_read_generic(bio, ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass));
     BIO_free(bio);
     if (!pkey)
-	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "Could not parse PKey");
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "Could not parse PKey");
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ pkey_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int genparam)
         }
     }
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(gen_arg.pkey);
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(gen_arg.pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ ossl_pkey_s_generate_key(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 void
 ossl_pkey_check_public_key(const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
 {
-#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
     if (EVP_PKEY_missing_parameters(pkey))
         ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "parameters missing");
 #else
@@ -515,34 +516,34 @@ ossl_pkey_check_public_key(const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
     const BIGNUM *n, *e, *pubkey;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_missing_parameters(pkey))
-	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "parameters missing");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "parameters missing");
 
     ptr = EVP_PKEY_get0(pkey);
     switch (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey)) {
       case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
-	RSA_get0_key(ptr, &n, &e, NULL);
-	if (n && e)
-	    return;
-	break;
+        RSA_get0_key(ptr, &n, &e, NULL);
+        if (n && e)
+            return;
+        break;
       case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
-	DSA_get0_key(ptr, &pubkey, NULL);
-	if (pubkey)
-	    return;
-	break;
+        DSA_get0_key(ptr, &pubkey, NULL);
+        if (pubkey)
+            return;
+        break;
       case EVP_PKEY_DH:
-	DH_get0_key(ptr, &pubkey, NULL);
-	if (pubkey)
-	    return;
-	break;
+        DH_get0_key(ptr, &pubkey, NULL);
+        if (pubkey)
+            return;
+        break;
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)
       case EVP_PKEY_EC:
-	if (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ptr))
-	    return;
-	break;
+        if (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ptr))
+            return;
+        break;
 #endif
       default:
-	/* unsupported type; assuming ok */
-	return;
+        /* unsupported type; assuming ok */
+        return;
     }
     ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "public key missing");
 #endif
@@ -609,12 +610,13 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_initialize(VALUE self)
 {
     if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(self, cPKey)) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "OpenSSL::PKey::PKey can't be instantiated directly");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "OpenSSL::PKey::PKey can't be instantiated directly");
     }
     return self;
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_EVP_PKEY_DUP
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -634,6 +636,29 @@ ossl_pkey_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+static int
+lookup_pkey_type(VALUE type)
+{
+    const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth;
+    int pkey_id;
+
+    StringValue(type);
+    /*
+     * XXX: EVP_PKEY_asn1_find_str() looks up a PEM type string. Should we use
+     * OBJ_txt2nid() instead (and then somehow check if the NID is an acceptable
+     * EVP_PKEY type)?
+     * It is probably fine, though, since it can handle all algorithms that
+     * support raw keys in 1.1.1: { X25519, X448, ED25519, ED448, HMAC }.
+     */
+    ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_find_str(NULL, RSTRING_PTR(type), RSTRING_LENINT(type));
+    if (!ameth)
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "algorithm %"PRIsVALUE" not found", type);
+    EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(&pkey_id, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, ameth);
+    return pkey_id;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *      OpenSSL::PKey.new_raw_private_key(algo, string) -> PKey
@@ -645,24 +670,25 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_new_raw_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE type, VALUE key)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth;
-    int pkey_id;
     size_t keylen;
 
-    StringValue(type);
     StringValue(key);
-    ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_find_str(NULL, RSTRING_PTR(type), RSTRING_LENINT(type));
-    if (!ameth)
-        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "algorithm %"PRIsVALUE" not found", type);
-    EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(&pkey_id, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, ameth);
-
     keylen = RSTRING_LEN(key);
 
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    pkey = EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key_ex(NULL, StringValueCStr(type), NULL,
+                                           (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key),
+                                           keylen);
+    if (!pkey)
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key_ex");
+#else
+    int pkey_id = lookup_pkey_type(type);
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key(pkey_id, NULL, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key), keylen);
     if (!pkey)
         ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key");
+#endif
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey);
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -676,24 +702,25 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_new_raw_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE type, VALUE key)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth;
-    int pkey_id;
     size_t keylen;
 
-    StringValue(type);
     StringValue(key);
-    ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_find_str(NULL, RSTRING_PTR(type), RSTRING_LENINT(type));
-    if (!ameth)
-        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "algorithm %"PRIsVALUE" not found", type);
-    EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(&pkey_id, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, ameth);
-
     keylen = RSTRING_LEN(key);
 
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    pkey = EVP_PKEY_new_raw_public_key_ex(NULL, StringValueCStr(type), NULL,
+                                          (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key),
+                                          keylen);
+    if (!pkey)
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_new_raw_public_key_ex");
+#else
+    int pkey_id = lookup_pkey_type(type);
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new_raw_public_key(pkey_id, NULL, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(key), keylen);
     if (!pkey)
         ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_new_raw_public_key");
+#endif
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey);
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -710,6 +737,10 @@ ossl_pkey_oid(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     nid = EVP_PKEY_id(pkey);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    if (nid == EVP_PKEY_KEYMGMT)
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_id");
+#endif
     return rb_str_new_cstr(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
 }
 
@@ -723,13 +754,23 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_inspect(VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    int nid;
 
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
-    nid = EVP_PKEY_id(pkey);
-    return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE":%p oid=%s>",
-                      rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(self)), (void *)self,
-                      OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
+    VALUE str = rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE":%p",
+                           rb_obj_class(self), (void *)self);
+    int nid = EVP_PKEY_id(pkey);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    if (nid != EVP_PKEY_KEYMGMT)
+#endif
+    rb_str_catf(str, " oid=%s", OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
+    rb_str_catf(str, " type_name=%s", EVP_PKEY_get0_type_name(pkey));
+    const OSSL_PROVIDER *prov = EVP_PKEY_get0_provider(pkey);
+    if (prov)
+        rb_str_catf(str, " provider=%s", OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name(prov));
+#endif
+    rb_str_catf(str, ">");
+    return str;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -773,33 +814,33 @@ VALUE
 ossl_pkey_export_traditional(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int to_der)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE cipher, pass;
+    VALUE cipher, pass, cipher_holder;
     const EVP_CIPHER *enc = NULL;
     BIO *bio;
 
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &cipher, &pass);
     if (!NIL_P(cipher)) {
-	enc = ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(cipher);
-	pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
+        enc = ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(cipher, &cipher_holder);
+        pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
     }
 
     bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
     if (!bio)
-	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
     if (to_der) {
-	if (!i2d_PrivateKey_bio(bio, pkey)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PrivateKey_bio");
-	}
+        if (!i2d_PrivateKey_bio(bio, pkey)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PrivateKey_bio");
+        }
     }
     else {
-	if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
-						  ossl_pem_passwd_cb,
-						  (void *)pass)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional");
-	}
+        if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
+                                                  ossl_pem_passwd_cb,
+                                                  (void *)pass)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional");
+        }
     }
     return ossl_membio2str(bio);
 }
@@ -808,37 +849,37 @@ static VALUE
 do_pkcs8_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int to_der)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE cipher, pass;
+    VALUE cipher, pass, cipher_holder;
     const EVP_CIPHER *enc = NULL;
     BIO *bio;
 
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &cipher, &pass);
     if (argc > 0) {
-	/*
-	 * TODO: EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo actually has more options.
-	 * Should they be exposed?
-	 */
-	enc = ossl_evp_get_cipherbyname(cipher);
-	pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
+        /*
+         * TODO: EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo actually has more options.
+         * Should they be exposed?
+         */
+        enc = ossl_evp_cipher_fetch(cipher, &cipher_holder);
+        pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
     }
 
     bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
     if (!bio)
-	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
     if (to_der) {
-	if (!i2d_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
-				     ossl_pem_passwd_cb, (void *)pass)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio");
-	}
+        if (!i2d_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
+                                     ossl_pem_passwd_cb, (void *)pass)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio");
+        }
     }
     else {
-	if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
-					   ossl_pem_passwd_cb, (void *)pass)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey");
-	}
+        if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bio, pkey, enc, NULL, 0,
+                                           ossl_pem_passwd_cb, (void *)pass)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey");
+        }
     }
     return ossl_membio2str(bio);
 }
@@ -922,18 +963,18 @@ ossl_pkey_export_spki(VALUE self, int to_der)
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
     if (!bio)
-	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BIO_new");
     if (to_der) {
-	if (!i2d_PUBKEY_bio(bio, pkey)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PUBKEY_bio");
-	}
+        if (!i2d_PUBKEY_bio(bio, pkey)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "i2d_PUBKEY_bio");
+        }
     }
     else {
-	if (!PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(bio, pkey)) {
-	    BIO_free(bio);
-	    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY");
-	}
+        if (!PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(bio, pkey)) {
+            BIO_free(bio);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY");
+        }
     }
     return ossl_membio2str(bio);
 }
@@ -1070,7 +1111,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE digest, data, options, sig;
+    VALUE digest, data, options, sig, md_holder;
     const EVP_MD *md = NULL;
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx;
@@ -1080,7 +1121,7 @@ ossl_pkey_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(self);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &digest, &data, &options);
     if (!NIL_P(digest))
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(data);
 
     ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
@@ -1149,7 +1190,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE digest, sig, data, options;
+    VALUE digest, sig, data, options, md_holder;
     const EVP_MD *md = NULL;
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx;
@@ -1159,7 +1200,7 @@ ossl_pkey_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "31", &digest, &sig, &data, &options);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!NIL_P(digest))
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(sig);
     StringValue(data);
 
@@ -1228,7 +1269,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_sign_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE digest, data, options, sig;
+    VALUE digest, data, options, sig, md_holder;
     const EVP_MD *md = NULL;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx;
     size_t outlen;
@@ -1237,7 +1278,7 @@ ossl_pkey_sign_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &digest, &data, &options);
     if (!NIL_P(digest))
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(data);
 
     ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, /* engine */NULL);
@@ -1304,7 +1345,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_verify_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE digest, sig, data, options;
+    VALUE digest, sig, data, options, md_holder;
     const EVP_MD *md = NULL;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx;
     int state, ret;
@@ -1313,7 +1354,7 @@ ossl_pkey_verify_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "31", &digest, &sig, &data, &options);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!NIL_P(digest))
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(sig);
     StringValue(data);
 
@@ -1367,7 +1408,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_pkey_verify_recover(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE digest, sig, options, out;
+    VALUE digest, sig, options, out, md_holder;
     const EVP_MD *md = NULL;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx;
     int state;
@@ -1377,7 +1418,7 @@ ossl_pkey_verify_recover(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &digest, &sig, &options);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!NIL_P(digest))
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+        md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(sig);
 
     ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, /* engine */NULL);
@@ -1455,8 +1496,10 @@ ossl_pkey_derive(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
         ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_derive");
     }
-    if (keylen > LONG_MAX)
+    if (keylen > LONG_MAX) {
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
         rb_raise(ePKeyError, "derived key would be too large");
+    }
     str = ossl_str_new(NULL, (long)keylen, &state);
     if (state) {
         EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
@@ -1617,11 +1660,6 @@ void
 Init_ossl_pkey(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     /* Document-module: OpenSSL::PKey
      *
      * == Asymmetric Public Key Algorithms
@@ -1677,7 +1715,16 @@ Init_ossl_pkey(void)
 
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
      *
-     *Raised when errors occur during PKey#sign or PKey#verify.
+     * Raised when errors occur during PKey#sign or PKey#verify.
+     *
+     * Before version 4.0.0, OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError had the following
+     * subclasses. These subclasses have been removed and the constants are
+     * now defined as aliases of OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError.
+     *
+     * * OpenSSL::PKey::DHError
+     * * OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError
+     * * OpenSSL::PKey::ECError
+     * * OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError
      */
     ePKeyError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKeyError", eOSSLError);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
index fdc5e94aed..efba33b752 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ extern const rb_data_type_t ossl_evp_pkey_type;
 #define GetPKey(obj, pkey) do {\
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), EVP_PKEY, &ossl_evp_pkey_type, (pkey)); \
     if (!(pkey)) { \
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKEY wasn't initialized!");\
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "PKEY wasn't initialized!");\
     } \
 } while (0)
 
 /* Takes ownership of the EVP_PKEY */
-VALUE ossl_pkey_new(EVP_PKEY *);
+VALUE ossl_pkey_wrap(EVP_PKEY *);
 void ossl_pkey_check_public_key(const EVP_PKEY *);
 EVP_PKEY *ossl_pkey_read_generic(BIO *, VALUE);
 EVP_PKEY *GetPKeyPtr(VALUE);
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ VALUE ossl_pkey_export_spki(VALUE self, int to_der);
  * #to_der.
  */
 VALUE ossl_pkey_export_traditional(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self,
-				   int to_der);
+                                   int to_der);
 
 void Init_ossl_pkey(void);
 
@@ -71,123 +71,122 @@ void Init_ossl_dh(void);
  * EC
  */
 extern VALUE cEC;
-VALUE ossl_ec_new(EVP_PKEY *);
 void Init_ossl_ec(void);
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, _name, _get)		\
-/*									\
- *  call-seq:								\
- *     _keytype##.##_name -> aBN					\
- */									\
-static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_get_##_name(VALUE self)			\
-{									\
-	const _type *obj;						\
-	const BIGNUM *bn;						\
-									\
-	Get##_type(self, obj);						\
-	_get;								\
-	if (bn == NULL)							\
-		return Qnil;						\
-	return ossl_bn_new(bn);						\
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, _name, _get)          \
+/*                                                                      \
+ *  call-seq:                                                           \
+ *     _keytype##.##_name -> aBN                                        \
+ */                                                                     \
+static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_get_##_name(VALUE self)                  \
+{                                                                       \
+        const _type *obj;                                               \
+        const BIGNUM *bn;                                               \
+                                                                        \
+        Get##_type(self, obj);                                          \
+        _get;                                                           \
+        if (bn == NULL)                                                 \
+                return Qnil;                                            \
+        return ossl_bn_new(bn);                                         \
 }
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)	\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a1,			\
-		_type##_get0_##_group(obj, &bn, NULL, NULL))		\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a2,			\
-		_type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, &bn, NULL))		\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a3,			\
-		_type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, NULL, &bn))
-
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)	\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a1,			\
-		_type##_get0_##_group(obj, &bn, NULL))			\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a2,			\
-		_type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, &bn))
-
-#if !OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)	\
-/*									\
- *  call-seq:								\
- *     _keytype##.set_##_group(a1, a2, a3) -> self			\
- */									\
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)   \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a1,                   \
+                _type##_get0_##_group(obj, &bn, NULL, NULL))            \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a2,                   \
+                _type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, &bn, NULL))            \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a3,                   \
+                _type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, NULL, &bn))
+
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)       \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a1,                   \
+                _type##_get0_##_group(obj, &bn, NULL))                  \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER0(_keytype, _type, a2,                   \
+                _type##_get0_##_group(obj, NULL, &bn))
+
+#ifndef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)   \
+/*                                                                      \
+ *  call-seq:                                                           \
+ *     _keytype##.set_##_group(a1, a2, a3) -> self                      \
+ */                                                                     \
 static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_set_##_group(VALUE self, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3) \
-{									\
-	_type *obj;							\
-	BIGNUM *bn1 = NULL, *orig_bn1 = NIL_P(v1) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v1);\
-	BIGNUM *bn2 = NULL, *orig_bn2 = NIL_P(v2) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v2);\
-	BIGNUM *bn3 = NULL, *orig_bn3 = NIL_P(v3) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v3);\
-									\
-	Get##_type(self, obj);						\
-        if ((orig_bn1 && !(bn1 = BN_dup(orig_bn1))) ||			\
-            (orig_bn2 && !(bn2 = BN_dup(orig_bn2))) ||			\
-            (orig_bn3 && !(bn3 = BN_dup(orig_bn3)))) {			\
-		BN_clear_free(bn1);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn2);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn3);					\
-		ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BN_dup");			\
-	}								\
-									\
-	if (!_type##_set0_##_group(obj, bn1, bn2, bn3)) {		\
-		BN_clear_free(bn1);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn2);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn3);					\
-		ossl_raise(ePKeyError, #_type"_set0_"#_group);		\
-	}								\
-	return self;							\
+{                                                                       \
+        _type *obj;                                                     \
+        BIGNUM *bn1 = NULL, *orig_bn1 = NIL_P(v1) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v1);\
+        BIGNUM *bn2 = NULL, *orig_bn2 = NIL_P(v2) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v2);\
+        BIGNUM *bn3 = NULL, *orig_bn3 = NIL_P(v3) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v3);\
+                                                                        \
+        Get##_type(self, obj);                                          \
+        if ((orig_bn1 && !(bn1 = BN_dup(orig_bn1))) ||                  \
+            (orig_bn2 && !(bn2 = BN_dup(orig_bn2))) ||                  \
+            (orig_bn3 && !(bn3 = BN_dup(orig_bn3)))) {                  \
+                BN_clear_free(bn1);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn2);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn3);                                     \
+                ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BN_dup");                       \
+        }                                                               \
+                                                                        \
+        if (!_type##_set0_##_group(obj, bn1, bn2, bn3)) {               \
+                BN_clear_free(bn1);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn2);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn3);                                     \
+                ossl_raise(ePKeyError, #_type"_set0_"#_group);          \
+        }                                                               \
+        return self;                                                    \
 }
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)	\
-/*									\
- *  call-seq:								\
- *     _keytype##.set_##_group(a1, a2) -> self				\
- */									\
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)       \
+/*                                                                      \
+ *  call-seq:                                                           \
+ *     _keytype##.set_##_group(a1, a2) -> self                          \
+ */                                                                     \
 static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_set_##_group(VALUE self, VALUE v1, VALUE v2) \
-{									\
-	_type *obj;							\
-	BIGNUM *bn1 = NULL, *orig_bn1 = NIL_P(v1) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v1);\
-	BIGNUM *bn2 = NULL, *orig_bn2 = NIL_P(v2) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v2);\
-									\
-	Get##_type(self, obj);						\
-        if ((orig_bn1 && !(bn1 = BN_dup(orig_bn1))) ||			\
-            (orig_bn2 && !(bn2 = BN_dup(orig_bn2)))) {			\
-		BN_clear_free(bn1);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn2);					\
-		ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BN_dup");			\
-	}								\
-									\
-	if (!_type##_set0_##_group(obj, bn1, bn2)) {			\
-		BN_clear_free(bn1);					\
-		BN_clear_free(bn2);					\
-		ossl_raise(ePKeyError, #_type"_set0_"#_group);		\
-	}								\
-	return self;							\
+{                                                                       \
+        _type *obj;                                                     \
+        BIGNUM *bn1 = NULL, *orig_bn1 = NIL_P(v1) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v1);\
+        BIGNUM *bn2 = NULL, *orig_bn2 = NIL_P(v2) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(v2);\
+                                                                        \
+        Get##_type(self, obj);                                          \
+        if ((orig_bn1 && !(bn1 = BN_dup(orig_bn1))) ||                  \
+            (orig_bn2 && !(bn2 = BN_dup(orig_bn2)))) {                  \
+                BN_clear_free(bn1);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn2);                                     \
+                ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BN_dup");                       \
+        }                                                               \
+                                                                        \
+        if (!_type##_set0_##_group(obj, bn1, bn2)) {                    \
+                BN_clear_free(bn1);                                     \
+                BN_clear_free(bn2);                                     \
+                ossl_raise(ePKeyError, #_type"_set0_"#_group);          \
+        }                                                               \
+        return self;                                                    \
 }
 #else
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)	\
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)   \
 static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_set_##_group(VALUE self, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3) \
-{									\
-        rb_raise(ePKeyError,						\
+{                                                                       \
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError,                                            \
                  #_keytype"#set_"#_group"= is incompatible with OpenSSL 3.0"); \
 }
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)	\
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)       \
 static VALUE ossl_##_keytype##_set_##_group(VALUE self, VALUE v1, VALUE v2) \
-{									\
-        rb_raise(ePKeyError,						\
+{                                                                       \
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError,                                            \
                  #_keytype"#set_"#_group"= is incompatible with OpenSSL 3.0"); \
 }
 #endif
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)		\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)	\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)          \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)   \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER3(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2, a3)
 
-#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)		\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)	\
-	OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)
+#define OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)              \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_GETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)       \
+        OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF_SETTER2(_keytype, _type, _group, a1, a2)
 
-#define DEF_OSSL_PKEY_BN(class, keytype, name)				\
-	rb_define_method((class), #name, ossl_##keytype##_get_##name, 0)
+#define DEF_OSSL_PKEY_BN(class, keytype, name)                          \
+        rb_define_method((class), #name, ossl_##keytype##_get_##name, 0)
 
 #endif /* OSSL_PKEY_H */
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
index 7bf589d5f1..3f2975c5a3 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
@@ -14,20 +14,21 @@
 #define GetPKeyDH(obj, pkey) do { \
     GetPKey((obj), (pkey)); \
     if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_DH) { /* PARANOIA? */ \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A DH!") ; \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A DH!") ; \
     } \
 } while (0)
 #define GetDH(obj, dh) do { \
     EVP_PKEY *_pkey; \
     GetPKeyDH((obj), _pkey); \
     (dh) = EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(_pkey); \
+    if ((dh) == NULL) \
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "failed to get DH from EVP_PKEY"); \
 } while (0)
 
 /*
  * Classes
  */
 VALUE cDH;
-static VALUE eDHError;
 
 /*
  * Private
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ static VALUE eDHError;
  * If called without arguments, an empty instance without any parameter or key
  * components is created. Use #set_pqg to manually set the parameters afterwards
  * (and optionally #set_key to set private and public key components).
+ * This form is not compatible with OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
  *
  * If a String is given, tries to parse it as a DER- or PEM- encoded parameters.
  * See also OpenSSL::PKey.read which can parse keys of any kinds.
@@ -58,14 +60,15 @@ static VALUE eDHError;
  *
  * Examples:
  *   # Creating an instance from scratch
- *   # Note that this is deprecated and will not work on OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
+ *   # Note that this is deprecated and will result in ArgumentError when
+ *   # using OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
  *   dh = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new
  *   dh.set_pqg(bn_p, nil, bn_g)
  *
  *   # Generating a parameters and a key pair
  *   dh = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new(2048) # An alias of OpenSSL::PKey::DH.generate(2048)
  *
- *   # Reading DH parameters
+ *   # Reading DH parameters from a PEM-encoded string
  *   dh_params = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new(File.read('parameters.pem')) # loads parameters only
  *   dh = OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key(dh_params) # generates a key pair
  */
@@ -84,10 +87,15 @@ ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     /* The DH.new(size, generator) form is handled by lib/openssl/pkey.rb */
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new cannot be called " \
+                 "without arguments; pkeys are immutable with OpenSSL 3.0");
+#else
         dh = DH_new();
         if (!dh)
-            ossl_raise(eDHError, "DH_new");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "DH_new");
         goto legacy;
+#endif
     }
 
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
@@ -105,12 +113,12 @@ ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = ossl_pkey_read_generic(in, Qnil);
     BIO_free(in);
     if (!pkey)
-        ossl_raise(eDHError, "could not parse pkey");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "could not parse pkey");
 
     type = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey);
     if (type != EVP_PKEY_DH) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-        rb_raise(eDHError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
@@ -121,13 +129,14 @@ ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_DH(pkey, dh) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         DH_free(dh);
-        ossl_raise(eDHError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DH");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DH");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_EVP_PKEY_DUP
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -142,26 +151,26 @@ ossl_dh_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     dh = DHparams_dup(dh_other);
     if (!dh)
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, "DHparams_dup");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "DHparams_dup");
 
     DH_get0_key(dh_other, &pub, &priv);
     if (pub) {
-	BIGNUM *pub2 = BN_dup(pub);
-	BIGNUM *priv2 = BN_dup(priv);
+        BIGNUM *pub2 = BN_dup(pub);
+        BIGNUM *priv2 = BN_dup(priv);
 
         if (!pub2 || (priv && !priv2)) {
-	    BN_clear_free(pub2);
-	    BN_clear_free(priv2);
-	    ossl_raise(eDHError, "BN_dup");
-	}
-	DH_set0_key(dh, pub2, priv2);
+            BN_clear_free(pub2);
+            BN_clear_free(priv2);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "BN_dup");
+        }
+        DH_set0_key(dh, pub2, priv2);
     }
 
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_DH(pkey, dh) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         DH_free(dh);
-        ossl_raise(eDHError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DH");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DH");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
@@ -240,11 +249,11 @@ ossl_dh_export(VALUE self)
 
     GetDH(self, dh);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
     }
     if (!PEM_write_bio_DHparams(out, dh)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
@@ -274,11 +283,11 @@ ossl_dh_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetDH(self, dh);
     if((len = i2d_DHparams(dh, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_DHparams(dh, &p) < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -305,7 +314,7 @@ ossl_dh_check_params(VALUE self)
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, /* engine */NULL);
     if (!pctx)
-        ossl_raise(eDHError, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new");
     ret = EVP_PKEY_param_check(pctx);
     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
 #else
@@ -348,19 +357,6 @@ OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF2(dh, DH, key, pub_key, priv_key)
 void
 Init_ossl_dh(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mPKey = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKey");
-    cPKey = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKey", rb_cObject);
-    ePKeyError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKeyError", eOSSLError);
-#endif
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::DHError
-     *
-     * Generic exception that is raised if an operation on a DH PKey
-     * fails unexpectedly or in case an instantiation of an instance of DH
-     * fails due to non-conformant input data.
-     */
-    eDHError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "DHError", ePKeyError);
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::DH
      *
      * An implementation of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol based on
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
index a1f0f9d77a..041646a058 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 #define GetPKeyDSA(obj, pkey) do { \
     GetPKey((obj), (pkey)); \
     if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_DSA) { /* PARANOIA? */ \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A DSA!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A DSA!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 #define GetDSA(obj, dsa) do { \
     EVP_PKEY *_pkey; \
     GetPKeyDSA((obj), _pkey); \
     (dsa) = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(_pkey); \
+    if ((dsa) == NULL) \
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "failed to get DSA from EVP_PKEY"); \
 } while (0)
 
 static inline int
@@ -41,7 +43,6 @@ DSA_PRIVATE(VALUE obj, OSSL_3_const DSA *dsa)
  * Classes
  */
 VALUE cDSA;
-static VALUE eDSAError;
 
 /*
  * Private
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ static VALUE eDSAError;
  *
  * If called without arguments, creates a new instance with no key components
  * set. They can be set individually by #set_pqg and #set_key.
+ * This form is not compatible with OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
  *
  * If called with a String, tries to parse as DER or PEM encoding of a \DSA key.
  * See also OpenSSL::PKey.read which can parse keys of any kinds.
@@ -96,10 +98,15 @@ ossl_dsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     /* The DSA.new(size, generator) form is handled by lib/openssl/pkey.rb */
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &pass);
     if (argc == 0) {
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "OpenSSL::PKey::DSA.new cannot be called " \
+                 "without arguments; pkeys are immutable with OpenSSL 3.0");
+#else
         dsa = DSA_new();
         if (!dsa)
-            ossl_raise(eDSAError, "DSA_new");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "DSA_new");
         goto legacy;
+#endif
     }
 
     pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
@@ -117,12 +124,12 @@ ossl_dsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = ossl_pkey_read_generic(in, pass);
     BIO_free(in);
     if (!pkey)
-        ossl_raise(eDSAError, "Neither PUB key nor PRIV key");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "Neither PUB key nor PRIV key");
 
     type = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey);
     if (type != EVP_PKEY_DSA) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-        rb_raise(eDSAError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
@@ -133,13 +140,14 @@ ossl_dsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA(pkey, dsa) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         DSA_free(dsa);
-        ossl_raise(eDSAError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_EVP_PKEY_DUP
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -155,13 +163,13 @@ ossl_dsa_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
                               (d2i_of_void *)d2i_DSAPrivateKey,
                               (char *)dsa);
     if (!dsa_new)
-	ossl_raise(eDSAError, "ASN1_dup");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "ASN1_dup");
 
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA(pkey, dsa_new) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         DSA_free(dsa_new);
-        ossl_raise(eDSAError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_DSA");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
 
@@ -326,20 +334,6 @@ OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF2(dsa, DSA, key, pub_key, priv_key)
 void
 Init_ossl_dsa(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mPKey = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKey");
-    cPKey = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKey", rb_cObject);
-    ePKeyError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKeyError", eOSSLError);
-#endif
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::DSAError
-     *
-     * Generic exception that is raised if an operation on a DSA PKey
-     * fails unexpectedly or in case an instantiation of an instance of DSA
-     * fails due to non-conformant input data.
-     */
-    eDSAError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "DSAError", ePKeyError);
-
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::DSA
      *
      * DSA, the Digital Signature Algorithm, is specified in NIST's
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
index c620468122..35f031819d 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
@@ -15,25 +15,27 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ec_point_type;
 #define GetPKeyEC(obj, pkey) do { \
     GetPKey((obj), (pkey)); \
     if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_EC) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A EC PKEY!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A EC PKEY!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 #define GetEC(obj, key) do { \
     EVP_PKEY *_pkey; \
     GetPKeyEC(obj, _pkey); \
     (key) = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(_pkey); \
+    if ((key) == NULL) \
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "failed to get EC_KEY from EVP_PKEY"); \
 } while (0)
 
 #define GetECGroup(obj, group) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, EC_GROUP, &ossl_ec_group_type, group); \
     if ((group) == NULL) \
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP is not initialized"); \
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP is not initialized"); \
 } while (0)
 
 #define GetECPoint(obj, point) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, EC_POINT, &ossl_ec_point_type, point); \
     if ((point) == NULL) \
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT is not initialized"); \
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT is not initialized"); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetECPointGroup(obj, group) do { \
     VALUE _group = rb_attr_get(obj, id_i_group); \
@@ -41,17 +43,13 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ec_point_type;
 } while (0)
 
 VALUE cEC;
-static VALUE eECError;
 static VALUE cEC_GROUP;
 static VALUE eEC_GROUP;
 static VALUE cEC_POINT;
 static VALUE eEC_POINT;
 
-static ID s_GFp, s_GF2m;
-
-static ID ID_uncompressed;
-static ID ID_compressed;
-static ID ID_hybrid;
+static VALUE sym_GFp, sym_GF2m;
+static VALUE sym_uncompressed, sym_compressed, sym_hybrid;
 
 static ID id_i_group;
 
@@ -68,27 +66,27 @@ ec_key_new_from_group(VALUE arg)
     EC_KEY *ec;
 
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg, cEC_GROUP)) {
-	EC_GROUP *group;
+        EC_GROUP *group;
 
-	GetECGroup(arg, group);
-	if (!(ec = EC_KEY_new()))
-	    ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
+        GetECGroup(arg, group);
+        if (!(ec = EC_KEY_new()))
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
 
-	if (!EC_KEY_set_group(ec, group)) {
-	    EC_KEY_free(ec);
-	    ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
-	}
+        if (!EC_KEY_set_group(ec, group)) {
+            EC_KEY_free(ec);
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
+        }
     } else {
-	int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(StringValueCStr(arg));
+        int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(StringValueCStr(arg));
 
-	if (nid == NID_undef)
-	    ossl_raise(eECError, "invalid curve name");
+        if (nid == NID_undef)
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "invalid curve name");
 
-	if (!(ec = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid)))
-	    ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
+        if (!(ec = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid)))
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
 
-	EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(ec, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
-	EC_KEY_set_conv_form(ec, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED);
+        EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(ec, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
+        EC_KEY_set_conv_form(ec, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED);
     }
 
     return ec;
@@ -115,12 +113,12 @@ ossl_ec_key_s_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey, ec) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         EC_KEY_free(ec);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = pkey;
 
     if (!EC_KEY_generate_key(ec))
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_generate_key");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_generate_key");
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -150,9 +148,14 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &pass);
     if (NIL_P(arg)) {
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new cannot be called " \
+                 "without arguments; pkeys are immutable with OpenSSL 3.0");
+#else
         if (!(ec = EC_KEY_new()))
-            ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_new");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_new");
         goto legacy;
+#endif
     }
     else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg, cEC_GROUP)) {
         ec = ec_key_new_from_group(arg);
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     type = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey);
     if (type != EVP_PKEY_EC) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-        rb_raise(eECError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
@@ -184,13 +187,14 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey, ec) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         EC_KEY_free(ec);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_EVP_PKEY_DUP
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ec_key_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -204,12 +208,12 @@ ossl_ec_key_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     ec_new = EC_KEY_dup(ec);
     if (!ec_new)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_dup");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_dup");
 
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey, ec_new) != 1) {
         EC_KEY_free(ec_new);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
 
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ ossl_ec_key_get_group(VALUE self)
     GetEC(self, ec);
     group = EC_KEY_get0_group(ec);
     if (!group)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return ec_group_new(group);
 }
@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@ ossl_ec_key_get_group(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ec_key_set_group(VALUE self, VALUE group_v)
 {
-#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
     rb_raise(ePKeyError, "pkeys are immutable on OpenSSL 3.0");
 #else
     EC_KEY *ec;
@@ -258,7 +262,7 @@ ossl_ec_key_set_group(VALUE self, VALUE group_v)
     GetECGroup(group_v, group);
 
     if (EC_KEY_set_group(ec, group) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_group");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_set_group");
 
     return group_v;
 #endif
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_get_private_key(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE private_key)
 {
-#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
     rb_raise(ePKeyError, "pkeys are immutable on OpenSSL 3.0");
 #else
     EC_KEY *ec;
@@ -301,14 +305,14 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE private_key)
         bn = GetBNPtr(private_key);
 
     switch (EC_KEY_set_private_key(ec, bn)) {
-    case 1:
+      case 1:
         break;
-    case 0:
+      case 0:
         if (bn == NULL)
             break;
-	/* fallthrough */
-    default:
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_private_key");
+        /* fallthrough */
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_set_private_key");
     }
 
     return private_key;
@@ -341,7 +345,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_get_public_key(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE public_key)
 {
-#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
     rb_raise(ePKeyError, "pkeys are immutable on OpenSSL 3.0");
 #else
     EC_KEY *ec;
@@ -352,14 +356,14 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE public_key)
         GetECPoint(public_key, point);
 
     switch (EC_KEY_set_public_key(ec, point)) {
-    case 1:
+      case 1:
         break;
-    case 0:
+      case 0:
         if (point == NULL)
             break;
-	/* fallthrough */
-    default:
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_public_key");
+        /* fallthrough */
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_set_public_key");
     }
 
     return public_key;
@@ -463,7 +467,7 @@ ossl_ec_key_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     GetEC(self, ec);
     if (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec) == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "can't export - no public key set");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "can't export - no public key set");
     if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec))
         return ossl_pkey_export_traditional(argc, argv, self, 0);
     else
@@ -491,7 +495,7 @@ ossl_ec_key_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetEC(self, ec);
     if (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec) == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "can't export - no public key set");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "can't export - no public key set");
     if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec))
         return ossl_pkey_export_traditional(0, NULL, self, 1);
     else
@@ -513,14 +517,14 @@ ossl_ec_key_to_der(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ec_key_generate_key(VALUE self)
 {
-#if OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0)
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
     rb_raise(ePKeyError, "pkeys are immutable on OpenSSL 3.0");
 #else
     EC_KEY *ec;
 
     GetEC(self, ec);
     if (EC_KEY_generate_key(ec) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_generate_key");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_generate_key");
 
     return self;
 #endif
@@ -545,18 +549,18 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_check_key(VALUE self)
     GetEC(self, ec);
     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey, /* engine */NULL);
     if (!pctx)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_CTX_new");
 
     if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec) != NULL) {
         if (EVP_PKEY_check(pctx) != 1) {
             EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-            ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_check");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_check");
         }
     }
     else {
         if (EVP_PKEY_public_check(pctx) != 1) {
             EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
-            ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_public_check");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_public_check");
         }
     }
 
@@ -566,7 +570,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_key_check_key(VALUE self)
 
     GetEC(self, ec);
     if (EC_KEY_check_key(ec) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_check_key");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EC_KEY_check_key");
 #endif
 
     return Qtrue;
@@ -584,7 +588,7 @@ ossl_ec_group_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ec_group_type = {
     "OpenSSL/ec_group",
     {
-	0, ossl_ec_group_free,
+        0, ossl_ec_group_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -604,7 +608,7 @@ ec_group_new(const EC_GROUP *group)
     obj = ossl_ec_group_alloc(cEC_GROUP);
     group_new = EC_GROUP_dup(group);
     if (!group_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_dup");
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = group_new;
 
     return obj;
@@ -632,7 +636,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EC_GROUP is already initialized");
 
     switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &arg1, &arg2, &arg3, &arg4)) {
-    case 1:
+      case 1:
         if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg1, cEC_GROUP)) {
             const EC_GROUP *arg1_group;
 
@@ -644,7 +648,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
             group = PEM_read_bio_ECPKParameters(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
             if (!group) {
-		OSSL_BIO_reset(in);
+                OSSL_BIO_reset(in);
                 group = d2i_ECPKParameters_bio(in, NULL);
             }
 
@@ -654,7 +658,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
                 const char *name = StringValueCStr(arg1);
                 int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(name);
 
-		ossl_clear_error(); /* ignore errors in d2i_ECPKParameters_bio() */
+                ossl_clear_error(); /* ignore errors in d2i_ECPKParameters_bio() */
                 if (nid == NID_undef)
                     ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unknown curve name (%"PRIsVALUE")", arg1);
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC)
@@ -671,33 +675,34 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         }
 
         break;
-    case 4:
+      case 4:
         if (SYMBOL_P(arg1)) {
-            ID id = SYM2ID(arg1);
             EC_GROUP *(*new_curve)(const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *) = NULL;
             const BIGNUM *p = GetBNPtr(arg2);
             const BIGNUM *a = GetBNPtr(arg3);
             const BIGNUM *b = GetBNPtr(arg4);
 
-            if (id == s_GFp) {
+            if (arg1 == sym_GFp) {
                 new_curve = EC_GROUP_new_curve_GFp;
+            }
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC2M)
-            } else if (id == s_GF2m) {
+            else if (arg1 == sym_GF2m) {
                 new_curve = EC_GROUP_new_curve_GF2m;
+            }
 #endif
-            } else {
+            else {
                 ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown symbol, must be :GFp or :GF2m");
             }
 
             if ((group = new_curve(p, a, b, ossl_bn_ctx)) == NULL)
                 ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_new_by_GF*");
         } else {
-             ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown argument, must be :GFp or :GF2m");
+            ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown argument, must be :GFp or :GF2m");
         }
 
         break;
-    default:
-        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 1 or 4)", argc);
     }
 
     ASSUME(group);
@@ -706,6 +711,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ec_group_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -713,12 +719,12 @@ ossl_ec_group_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, EC_GROUP, &ossl_ec_group_type, group_new);
     if (group_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC::Group already initialized");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC::Group already initialized");
     GetECGroup(other, group);
 
     group_new = EC_GROUP_dup(group);
     if (!group_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_dup");
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = group_new;
 
     return self;
@@ -740,9 +746,9 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_eql(VALUE a, VALUE b)
     GetECGroup(b, group2);
 
     switch (EC_GROUP_cmp(group1, group2, ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-    case 0: return Qtrue;
-    case 1: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_cmp");
+      case 0: return Qtrue;
+      case 1: return Qfalse;
+      default: ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_cmp");
     }
 }
 
@@ -762,7 +768,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_generator(VALUE self)
     GetECGroup(self, group);
     generator = EC_GROUP_get0_generator(group);
     if (!generator)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return ec_point_new(generator, group);
 }
@@ -805,11 +811,10 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_order(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE bn_obj;
     BIGNUM *bn;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
+    EC_GROUP *group;
 
     GetECGroup(self, group);
-
-    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(NULL);
+    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(BN_value_one());
     bn = GetBNPtr(bn_obj);
 
     if (EC_GROUP_get_order(group, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
@@ -830,11 +835,10 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_cofactor(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE bn_obj;
     BIGNUM *bn;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
+    EC_GROUP *group;
 
     GetECGroup(self, group);
-
-    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(NULL);
+    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(BN_value_one());
     bn = GetBNPtr(bn_obj);
 
     if (EC_GROUP_get_cofactor(group, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
@@ -845,25 +849,23 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_cofactor(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   group.curve_name  => String
+ *    group.curve_name -> string or nil
  *
- * Returns the curve name (sn).
+ * Returns the curve name (short name) corresponding to this group, or +nil+
+ * if \OpenSSL does not have an OID associated with the group.
  *
  * See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_curve_name()
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_curve_name(VALUE self)
 {
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
+    EC_GROUP *group;
     int nid;
 
     GetECGroup(self, group);
-    if (group == NULL)
-        return Qnil;
-
     nid = EC_GROUP_get_curve_name(group);
-
-/* BUG: an nid or asn1 object should be returned, maybe. */
-    return rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
+    if (nid == NID_undef)
+        return Qnil;
+    return rb_str_new_cstr(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -956,37 +958,36 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_set_asn1_flag(VALUE self, VALUE flag_v)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_point_conversion_form(VALUE self)
 {
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
+    EC_GROUP *group;
     point_conversion_form_t form;
-    VALUE ret;
 
     GetECGroup(self, group);
     form = EC_GROUP_get_point_conversion_form(group);
 
     switch (form) {
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED:	ret = ID_uncompressed; break;
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED:	ret = ID_compressed; break;
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID:	ret = ID_hybrid; break;
-    default:	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unsupported point conversion form: %d, this module should be updated", form);
+      case POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED:
+        return sym_uncompressed;
+      case POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED:
+        return sym_compressed;
+      case POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID:
+        return sym_hybrid;
+      default:
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unsupported point conversion form: %d, " \
+                   "this module should be updated", form);
     }
-
-   return ID2SYM(ret);
 }
 
 static point_conversion_form_t
 parse_point_conversion_form_symbol(VALUE sym)
 {
-    ID id = SYM2ID(sym);
-
-    if (id == ID_uncompressed)
-	return POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED;
-    else if (id == ID_compressed)
-	return POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED;
-    else if (id == ID_hybrid)
-	return POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID;
-    else
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported point conversion form %+"PRIsVALUE
-		   " (expected :compressed, :uncompressed, or :hybrid)", sym);
+    if (sym == sym_uncompressed)
+        return POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED;
+    if (sym == sym_compressed)
+        return POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED;
+    if (sym == sym_hybrid)
+        return POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID;
+    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported point conversion form %+"PRIsVALUE
+               " (expected :compressed, :uncompressed, or :hybrid)", sym);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1091,20 +1092,20 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_string(VALUE self, int format)
         ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
 
     switch(format) {
-    case EXPORT_PEM:
+      case EXPORT_PEM:
         i = PEM_write_bio_ECPKParameters(out, group);
-    	break;
-    case EXPORT_DER:
+        break;
+      case EXPORT_DER:
         i = i2d_ECPKParameters_bio(out, group);
-    	break;
-    default:
+        break;
+      default:
         BIO_free(out);
-    	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown format (internal error)");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown format (internal error)");
     }
 
     if (i != 1) {
         BIO_free(out);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
     }
 
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -1148,11 +1149,11 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_text(VALUE self)
 
     GetECGroup(self, group);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
     }
     if (!ECPKParameters_print(out, group, 0)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
@@ -1172,7 +1173,7 @@ ossl_ec_point_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ec_point_type = {
     "OpenSSL/EC_POINT",
     {
-	0, ossl_ec_point_free,
+        0, ossl_ec_point_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -1192,7 +1193,7 @@ ec_point_new(const EC_POINT *point, const EC_GROUP *group)
     obj = ossl_ec_point_alloc(cEC_POINT);
     point_new = EC_POINT_dup(point, group);
     if (!point_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_dup");
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = point_new;
     rb_ivar_set(obj, id_i_group, ec_group_new(group));
 
@@ -1220,39 +1221,39 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, EC_POINT, &ossl_ec_point_type, point);
     if (point)
-	rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT already initialized");
+        rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT already initialized");
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &group_v, &arg2);
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(group_v, cEC_POINT)) {
-	if (argc != 1)
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid second argument");
-	return ossl_ec_point_initialize_copy(self, group_v);
+        if (argc != 1)
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid second argument");
+        return ossl_ec_point_initialize_copy(self, group_v);
     }
 
     GetECGroup(group_v, group);
     if (argc == 1) {
-	point = EC_POINT_new(group);
-	if (!point)
-	    ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_new");
+        point = EC_POINT_new(group);
+        if (!point)
+            ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_new");
     }
     else {
-	if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg2, cBN)) {
-	    point = EC_POINT_bn2point(group, GetBNPtr(arg2), NULL, ossl_bn_ctx);
-	    if (!point)
-		ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_bn2point");
-	}
-	else {
-	    StringValue(arg2);
-	    point = EC_POINT_new(group);
-	    if (!point)
-		ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_new");
-	    if (!EC_POINT_oct2point(group, point,
-				    (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg2),
-				    RSTRING_LEN(arg2), ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-		EC_POINT_free(point);
-		ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_oct2point");
-	    }
-	}
+        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg2, cBN)) {
+            point = EC_POINT_bn2point(group, GetBNPtr(arg2), NULL, ossl_bn_ctx);
+            if (!point)
+                ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_bn2point");
+        }
+        else {
+            StringValue(arg2);
+            point = EC_POINT_new(group);
+            if (!point)
+                ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_new");
+            if (!EC_POINT_oct2point(group, point,
+                                    (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(arg2),
+                                    RSTRING_LEN(arg2), ossl_bn_ctx)) {
+                EC_POINT_free(point);
+                ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_oct2point");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = point;
@@ -1261,6 +1262,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ec_point_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -1270,7 +1272,7 @@ ossl_ec_point_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, EC_POINT, &ossl_ec_point_type, point_new);
     if (point_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC::Point already initialized");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC::Point already initialized");
     GetECPoint(other, point);
 
     group_v = rb_obj_dup(rb_attr_get(other, id_i_group));
@@ -1278,7 +1280,7 @@ ossl_ec_point_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     point_new = EC_POINT_dup(point, group);
     if (!point_new)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_dup");
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = point_new;
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_group, group_v);
 
@@ -1305,9 +1307,9 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_eql(VALUE a, VALUE b)
     GetECGroup(group_v1, group);
 
     switch (EC_POINT_cmp(group, point1, point2, ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-    case 0: return Qtrue;
-    case 1: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_cmp");
+      case 0: return Qtrue;
+      case 1: return Qfalse;
+      default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_cmp");
     }
 
     UNREACHABLE;
@@ -1326,9 +1328,9 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_is_at_infinity(VALUE self)
     GetECPointGroup(self, group);
 
     switch (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
-    case 1: return Qtrue;
-    case 0: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_at_infinity");
+      case 1: return Qtrue;
+      case 0: return Qfalse;
+      default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_at_infinity");
     }
 
     UNREACHABLE;
@@ -1347,9 +1349,9 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_is_on_curve(VALUE self)
     GetECPointGroup(self, group);
 
     switch (EC_POINT_is_on_curve(group, point, ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-    case 1: return Qtrue;
-    case 0: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_on_curve");
+      case 1: return Qtrue;
+      case 0: return Qfalse;
+      default: ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_on_curve");
     }
 
     UNREACHABLE;
@@ -1370,7 +1372,7 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_make_affine(VALUE self)
     GetECPointGroup(self, group);
 
     rb_warn("OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point#make_affine! is deprecated");
-#if !OSSL_OPENSSL_PREREQ(3, 0, 0) && !defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC)
+#if !defined(OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY) && !defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC)
     if (EC_POINT_make_affine(group, point, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
         ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_make_affine");
 #endif
@@ -1441,12 +1443,12 @@ ossl_ec_point_to_octet_string(VALUE self, VALUE conversion_form)
 
     len = EC_POINT_point2oct(group, point, form, NULL, 0, ossl_bn_ctx);
     if (!len)
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_point2oct");
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_point2oct");
     str = rb_str_new(NULL, (long)len);
     if (!EC_POINT_point2oct(group, point, form,
-			    (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), len,
-			    ossl_bn_ctx))
-	ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_point2oct");
+                            (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), len,
+                            ossl_bn_ctx))
+        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_point2oct");
     return str;
 }
 
@@ -1524,15 +1526,6 @@ static VALUE ossl_ec_point_mul(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 void Init_ossl_ec(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mPKey = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKey");
-    cPKey = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKey", rb_cObject);
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    ePKeyError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKeyError", eOSSLError);
-#endif
-
-    eECError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "ECError", ePKeyError);
-
     /*
      * Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::EC
      *
@@ -1554,12 +1547,12 @@ void Init_ossl_ec(void)
     eEC_GROUP = rb_define_class_under(cEC_GROUP, "Error", eOSSLError);
     eEC_POINT = rb_define_class_under(cEC_POINT, "Error", eOSSLError);
 
-    s_GFp = rb_intern("GFp");
-    s_GF2m = rb_intern("GF2m");
+    sym_GFp = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("GFp"));
+    sym_GF2m = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("GF2m"));
 
-    ID_uncompressed = rb_intern("uncompressed");
-    ID_compressed = rb_intern("compressed");
-    ID_hybrid = rb_intern("hybrid");
+    sym_uncompressed = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("uncompressed"));
+    sym_compressed = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("compressed"));
+    sym_hybrid = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("hybrid"));
 
     rb_define_const(cEC, "NAMED_CURVE", INT2NUM(OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE));
     rb_define_const(cEC, "EXPLICIT_CURVE", INT2NUM(OPENSSL_EC_EXPLICIT_CURVE));
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
index ceda6708a4..039b2c6a34 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 #define GetPKeyRSA(obj, pkey) do { \
     GetPKey((obj), (pkey)); \
     if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_RSA) { /* PARANOIA? */ \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A RSA!") ; \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A RSA!") ; \
     } \
 } while (0)
 #define GetRSA(obj, rsa) do { \
     EVP_PKEY *_pkey; \
     GetPKeyRSA((obj), _pkey); \
     (rsa) = EVP_PKEY_get0_RSA(_pkey); \
+    if ((rsa) == NULL) \
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "failed to get RSA from EVP_PKEY"); \
 } while (0)
 
 static inline int
@@ -42,7 +44,6 @@ RSA_PRIVATE(VALUE obj, OSSL_3_const RSA *rsa)
  * Classes
  */
 VALUE cRSA;
-static VALUE eRSAError;
 
 /*
  * Private
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ static VALUE eRSAError;
  * If called without arguments, creates a new instance with no key components
  * set. They can be set individually by #set_key, #set_factors, and
  * #set_crt_params.
+ * This form is not compatible with OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
  *
  * If called with a String, tries to parse as DER or PEM encoding of an \RSA key.
  * Note that if _password_ is not specified, but the key is encrypted with a
@@ -89,10 +91,15 @@ ossl_rsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     /* The RSA.new(size, generator) form is handled by lib/openssl/pkey.rb */
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &pass);
     if (argc == 0) {
-	rsa = RSA_new();
+#ifdef OSSL_HAVE_IMMUTABLE_PKEY
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new cannot be called " \
+                 "without arguments; pkeys are immutable with OpenSSL 3.0");
+#else
+        rsa = RSA_new();
         if (!rsa)
-            ossl_raise(eRSAError, "RSA_new");
+            ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "RSA_new");
         goto legacy;
+#endif
     }
 
     pass = ossl_pem_passwd_value(pass);
@@ -113,12 +120,12 @@ ossl_rsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pkey = ossl_pkey_read_generic(in, pass);
     BIO_free(in);
     if (!pkey)
-        ossl_raise(eRSAError, "Neither PUB key nor PRIV key");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "Neither PUB key nor PRIV key");
 
     type = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey);
     if (type != EVP_PKEY_RSA) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-        rb_raise(eRSAError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
+        rb_raise(ePKeyError, "incorrect pkey type: %s", OBJ_nid2sn(type));
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
@@ -129,13 +136,14 @@ ossl_rsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pkey, rsa) != 1) {
         EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
         RSA_free(rsa);
-        ossl_raise(eRSAError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
     return self;
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_EVP_PKEY_DUP
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -151,12 +159,12 @@ ossl_rsa_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
                               (d2i_of_void *)d2i_RSAPrivateKey,
                               (char *)rsa);
     if (!rsa_new)
-	ossl_raise(eRSAError, "ASN1_dup");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "ASN1_dup");
 
     pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
     if (!pkey || EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pkey, rsa_new) != 1) {
         RSA_free(rsa_new);
-        ossl_raise(eRSAError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA");
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA");
     }
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = pkey;
 
@@ -311,7 +319,7 @@ ossl_rsa_to_der(VALUE self)
  * Signs _data_ using the Probabilistic Signature Scheme (RSA-PSS) and returns
  * the calculated signature.
  *
- * RSAError will be raised if an error occurs.
+ * PKeyError will be raised if an error occurs.
  *
  * See #verify_pss for the verification operation.
  *
@@ -340,7 +348,7 @@ ossl_rsa_to_der(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_sign_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE digest, data, options, kwargs[2], signature;
+    VALUE digest, data, options, kwargs[2], signature, mgf1md_holder, md_holder;
     static ID kwargs_ids[2];
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pkey_ctx;
@@ -350,46 +358,46 @@ ossl_rsa_sign_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     int salt_len;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt_length");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("mgf1_hash");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt_length");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("mgf1_hash");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2:", &digest, &data, &options);
     rb_get_kwargs(options, kwargs_ids, 2, 0, kwargs);
     if (kwargs[0] == ID2SYM(rb_intern("max")))
-	salt_len = -2; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_MAX_SIGN */
+        salt_len = -2; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_MAX_SIGN */
     else if (kwargs[0] == ID2SYM(rb_intern("digest")))
-	salt_len = -1; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST */
+        salt_len = -1; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST */
     else
-	salt_len = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
-    mgf1md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(kwargs[1]);
+        salt_len = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
+    mgf1md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(kwargs[1], &mgf1md_holder);
 
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(self);
     buf_len = EVP_PKEY_size(pkey);
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(data);
     signature = rb_str_new(NULL, (long)buf_len);
 
     md_ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
     if (!md_ctx)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_DigestSignInit(md_ctx, &pkey_ctx, md, NULL, pkey) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkey_ctx, RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkey_ctx, salt_len) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_mgf1_md(pkey_ctx, mgf1md) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_DigestSignUpdate(md_ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data)) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_DigestSignFinal(md_ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(signature), &buf_len) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     rb_str_set_len(signature, (long)buf_len);
 
@@ -398,7 +406,7 @@ ossl_rsa_sign_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
   err:
     EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);
-    ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
+    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -408,7 +416,7 @@ ossl_rsa_sign_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * Verifies _data_ using the Probabilistic Signature Scheme (RSA-PSS).
  *
  * The return value is +true+ if the signature is valid, +false+ otherwise.
- * RSAError will be raised if an error occurs.
+ * PKeyError will be raised if an error occurs.
  *
  * See #sign_pss for the signing operation and an example code.
  *
@@ -427,7 +435,7 @@ ossl_rsa_sign_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_verify_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE digest, signature, data, options, kwargs[2];
+    VALUE digest, signature, data, options, kwargs[2], mgf1md_holder, md_holder;
     static ID kwargs_ids[2];
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pkey_ctx;
@@ -436,62 +444,61 @@ ossl_rsa_verify_pss(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     int result, salt_len;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt_length");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("mgf1_hash");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("salt_length");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("mgf1_hash");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "3:", &digest, &signature, &data, &options);
     rb_get_kwargs(options, kwargs_ids, 2, 0, kwargs);
     if (kwargs[0] == ID2SYM(rb_intern("auto")))
-	salt_len = -2; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_AUTO */
+        salt_len = -2; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_AUTO */
     else if (kwargs[0] == ID2SYM(rb_intern("digest")))
-	salt_len = -1; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST */
+        salt_len = -1; /* RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST */
     else
-	salt_len = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
-    mgf1md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(kwargs[1]);
+        salt_len = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
+    mgf1md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(kwargs[1], &mgf1md_holder);
 
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
-    md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     StringValue(signature);
     StringValue(data);
 
     md_ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
     if (!md_ctx)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_DigestVerifyInit(md_ctx, &pkey_ctx, md, NULL, pkey) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkey_ctx, RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkey_ctx, salt_len) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_mgf1_md(pkey_ctx, mgf1md) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     if (EVP_DigestVerifyUpdate(md_ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data)) != 1)
-	goto err;
+        goto err;
 
     result = EVP_DigestVerifyFinal(md_ctx,
-				   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(signature),
-				   RSTRING_LEN(signature));
+                                   (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(signature),
+                                   RSTRING_LEN(signature));
+    EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);
 
     switch (result) {
       case 0:
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
       case 1:
-	EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
       default:
-	goto err;
+        ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "EVP_DigestVerifyFinal");
     }
 
   err:
     EVP_MD_CTX_free(md_ctx);
-    ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
+    ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -529,20 +536,6 @@ OSSL_PKEY_BN_DEF3(rsa, RSA, crt_params, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp)
 void
 Init_ossl_rsa(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mPKey = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKey");
-    cPKey = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKey", rb_cObject);
-    ePKeyError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "PKeyError", eOSSLError);
-#endif
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::RSAError
-     *
-     * Generic exception that is raised if an operation on an RSA PKey
-     * fails unexpectedly or in case an instantiation of an instance of RSA
-     * fails due to non-conformant input data.
-     */
-    eRSAError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "RSAError", ePKeyError);
-
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::PKey::RSA
      *
      * RSA is an asymmetric public key algorithm that has been formalized in
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_provider.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_provider.c
index d1f6c5d427..ea5abb8e48 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_provider.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_provider.c
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 #include "ossl.h"
 
 #ifdef OSSL_USE_PROVIDER
-# include <openssl/provider.h>
-
 #define NewProvider(klass) \
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_provider_type, 0)
 #define SetProvider(obj, provider) do { \
@@ -187,11 +185,6 @@ ossl_provider_inspect(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_provider(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     cProvider = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Provider", rb_cObject);
     eProviderError = rb_define_class_under(cProvider, "ProviderError", eOSSLError);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
index 764900dfc6..753f8b25f7 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_rand_load_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     if(!RAND_load_file(StringValueCStr(filename), -1)) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_rand_write_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     if (RAND_write_file(StringValueCStr(filename)) == -1) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *	random_bytes(length) -> string
+ *      random_bytes(length) -> string
  *
  * Generates a String with _length_ number of cryptographically strong
  * pseudo-random bytes.
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ ossl_rand_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE len)
     str = rb_str_new(0, n);
     ret = RAND_bytes((unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), n);
     if (ret == 0) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes");
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes");
     } else if (ret == -1) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes is not supported");
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes is not supported");
     }
 
     return str;
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_rand_egd(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     if (RAND_egd(StringValueCStr(filename)) == -1) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ ossl_rand_egd_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE filename, VALUE len)
     int n = NUM2INT(len);
 
     if (RAND_egd_bytes(StringValueCStr(filename), n) == -1) {
-	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -175,11 +175,6 @@ ossl_rand_status(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_rand(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
     mRandom = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "Random");
 
     eRandomError = rb_define_class_under(mRandom, "RandomError", eOSSLError);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
index db44c423f2..3d913a3968 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #define GetSSLCTX(obj, ctx) do { \
-	TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_CTX, &ossl_sslctx_type, (ctx));	\
+    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_CTX, &ossl_sslctx_type, (ctx)); \
 } while (0)
 
 VALUE mSSL;
@@ -36,19 +36,18 @@ VALUE cSSLSocket;
 static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitReadable;
 static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitWritable;
 
-static ID id_call, ID_callback_state, id_tmp_dh_callback,
-	  id_npn_protocols_encoded, id_each;
+static ID id_call, ID_callback_state, id_npn_protocols_encoded, id_each;
 static VALUE sym_exception, sym_wait_readable, sym_wait_writable;
 
 static ID id_i_cert_store, id_i_ca_file, id_i_ca_path, id_i_verify_mode,
-	  id_i_verify_depth, id_i_verify_callback, id_i_client_ca,
-	  id_i_renegotiation_cb, id_i_cert, id_i_key, id_i_extra_chain_cert,
-	  id_i_client_cert_cb, id_i_timeout,
-	  id_i_session_id_context, id_i_session_get_cb, id_i_session_new_cb,
-	  id_i_session_remove_cb, id_i_npn_select_cb, id_i_npn_protocols,
-	  id_i_alpn_select_cb, id_i_alpn_protocols, id_i_servername_cb,
-	  id_i_verify_hostname, id_i_keylog_cb;
-static ID id_i_io, id_i_context, id_i_hostname;
+          id_i_verify_depth, id_i_verify_callback, id_i_client_ca,
+          id_i_renegotiation_cb, id_i_cert, id_i_key, id_i_extra_chain_cert,
+          id_i_client_cert_cb, id_i_timeout,
+          id_i_session_id_context, id_i_session_get_cb, id_i_session_new_cb,
+          id_i_session_remove_cb, id_i_npn_select_cb, id_i_npn_protocols,
+          id_i_alpn_select_cb, id_i_alpn_protocols, id_i_servername_cb,
+          id_i_verify_hostname, id_i_keylog_cb, id_i_tmp_dh_callback;
+static ID id_i_io, id_i_context, id_i_hostname, id_i_sync_close;
 
 static int ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx;
 static int ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx;
@@ -79,9 +78,9 @@ ossl_sslctx_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
     SSL_CTX *ctx;
     long mode = 0 |
-	SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE |
-	SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER |
-	SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS;
+        SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE |
+        SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER |
+        SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_sslctx_type, 0);
@@ -90,8 +89,10 @@ ossl_sslctx_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_new");
     }
     SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, mode);
+    SSL_CTX_set_dh_auto(ctx, 1);
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = ctx;
-    SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)obj);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)obj))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ex_data");
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ ossl_call_client_cert_cb(VALUE obj)
     ctx_obj = rb_attr_get(obj, id_i_context);
     cb = rb_attr_get(ctx_obj, id_i_client_cert_cb);
     if (NIL_P(cb))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     ary = rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &obj);
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ ossl_client_cert_cb(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey)
     obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
     ret = rb_protect(ossl_call_client_cert_cb, obj, NULL);
     if (NIL_P(ret))
-	return 0;
+        return 0;
 
     *x509 = DupX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 0));
     *pkey = DupPKeyPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 1));
@@ -133,8 +134,6 @@ ossl_client_cert_cb(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey)
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
 struct tmp_dh_callback_args {
     VALUE ssl_obj;
-    ID id;
-    int type;
     int is_export;
     int keylength;
 };
@@ -143,48 +142,36 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback(VALUE arg)
 {
     struct tmp_dh_callback_args *args = (struct tmp_dh_callback_args *)arg;
-    VALUE cb, dh;
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+    VALUE ctx_obj, cb, obj;
+    const DH *dh;
 
-    cb = rb_funcall(args->ssl_obj, args->id, 0);
+    ctx_obj = rb_attr_get(args->ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(ctx_obj, id_i_tmp_dh_callback);
     if (NIL_P(cb))
-	return (VALUE)NULL;
-    dh = rb_funcall(cb, id_call, 3, args->ssl_obj, INT2NUM(args->is_export),
-		    INT2NUM(args->keylength));
-    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(dh);
-    if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != args->type)
-	return (VALUE)NULL;
+        return (VALUE)NULL;
+
+    obj = rb_funcall(cb, id_call, 3, args->ssl_obj, INT2NUM(args->is_export),
+                     INT2NUM(args->keylength));
+    // TODO: We should riase if obj is not DH
+    dh = EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(GetPKeyPtr(obj));
+    if (!dh)
+        ossl_clear_error();
 
-    return (VALUE)pkey;
+    return (VALUE)dh;
 }
-#endif
 
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
 static DH *
 ossl_tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
 {
-    VALUE rb_ssl;
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    struct tmp_dh_callback_args args;
     int state;
-
-    rb_ssl = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
-    args.ssl_obj = rb_ssl;
-    args.id = id_tmp_dh_callback;
-    args.is_export = is_export;
-    args.keylength = keylength;
-    args.type = EVP_PKEY_DH;
-
-    pkey = (EVP_PKEY *)rb_protect(ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback,
-				  (VALUE)&args, &state);
+    VALUE rb_ssl = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    struct tmp_dh_callback_args args = {rb_ssl, is_export, keylength};
+    VALUE ret = rb_protect(ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback, (VALUE)&args, &state);
     if (state) {
-	rb_ivar_set(rb_ssl, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
-	return NULL;
+        rb_ivar_set(rb_ssl, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+        return NULL;
     }
-    if (!pkey)
-	return NULL;
-
-    return (DH *)EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(pkey);
+    return (DH *)ret;
 }
 #endif /* OPENSSL_NO_DH */
 
@@ -200,13 +187,13 @@ call_verify_certificate_identity(VALUE ctx_v)
     hostname = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_hostname);
 
     if (!RTEST(hostname)) {
-	rb_warning("verify_hostname requires hostname to be set");
-	return Qtrue;
+        rb_warning("verify_hostname requires hostname to be set");
+        return Qtrue;
     }
 
     cert_obj = ossl_x509_new(X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx));
     return rb_funcall(mSSL, rb_intern("verify_certificate_identity"), 2,
-		      cert_obj, hostname);
+                      cert_obj, hostname);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -223,12 +210,12 @@ ossl_ssl_verify_callback(int preverify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
     verify_hostname = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_verify_hostname);
 
     if (preverify_ok && RTEST(verify_hostname) && !SSL_is_server(ssl) &&
-	!X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(ctx)) {
-	ret = rb_protect(call_verify_certificate_identity, (VALUE)ctx, &status);
-	if (status) {
-	    rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
-	    return 0;
-	}
+        !X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(ctx)) {
+        ret = rb_protect(call_verify_certificate_identity, (VALUE)ctx, &status);
+        if (status) {
+            rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+            return 0;
+        }
         if (ret != Qtrue) {
             preverify_ok = 0;
             X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_ERR_HOSTNAME_MISMATCH);
@@ -399,7 +386,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx, SSL_SESSION *sess)
      * when SSL_CTX_free() is called.
      */
     if (rb_during_gc())
-	return;
+        return;
 
     OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback entered");
 
@@ -430,8 +417,9 @@ ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, arg))
 
     GetSSLCTX(arg, ctx);
     x509 = DupX509CertPtr(i);
-    if(!SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ctx, x509)){
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ctx, x509)) {
+        X509_free(x509);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert");
     }
 
     return i;
@@ -461,8 +449,8 @@ ossl_call_servername_cb(VALUE arg)
             ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_SSL_CTX");
         rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, id_i_context, ret_obj);
     } else if (!NIL_P(ret_obj)) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "servername_cb must return an "
-		   "OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext object or nil");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "servername_cb must return an "
+                   "OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext object or nil");
     }
 
     return Qnil;
@@ -502,7 +490,7 @@ ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(cur, encoded))
     int len = RSTRING_LENINT(cur);
     char len_byte;
     if (len < 1 || len > 255)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Advertised protocol must have length 1..255");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Advertised protocol must have length 1..255");
     /* Encode the length byte */
     len_byte = len;
     rb_str_buf_cat(encoded, &len_byte, 1);
@@ -536,16 +524,16 @@ npn_select_cb_common_i(VALUE tmp)
     /* assume OpenSSL verifies this format */
     /* The format is len_1|proto_1|...|len_n|proto_n */
     while (in < in_end) {
-	l = *in++;
-	rb_ary_push(protocols, rb_str_new((const char *)in, l));
-	in += l;
+        l = *in++;
+        rb_ary_push(protocols, rb_str_new((const char *)in, l));
+        in += l;
     }
 
     selected = rb_funcallv(args->cb, id_call, 1, &protocols);
     StringValue(selected);
     len = RSTRING_LEN(selected);
     if (len < 1 || len >= 256) {
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Selected protocol name must have length 1..255");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Selected protocol name must have length 1..255");
     }
 
     return selected;
@@ -553,8 +541,8 @@ npn_select_cb_common_i(VALUE tmp)
 
 static int
 ssl_npn_select_cb_common(SSL *ssl, VALUE cb, const unsigned char **out,
-			 unsigned char *outlen, const unsigned char *in,
-			 unsigned int inlen)
+                         unsigned char *outlen, const unsigned char *in,
+                         unsigned int inlen)
 {
     VALUE selected;
     int status;
@@ -566,10 +554,10 @@ ssl_npn_select_cb_common(SSL *ssl, VALUE cb, const unsigned char **out,
 
     selected = rb_protect(npn_select_cb_common_i, (VALUE)&args, &status);
     if (status) {
-	VALUE ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+        VALUE ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
 
-	rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
-	return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
     }
 
     *out = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(selected);
@@ -581,7 +569,7 @@ ssl_npn_select_cb_common(SSL *ssl, VALUE cb, const unsigned char **out,
 #ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
 static int
 ssl_npn_advertise_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned int *outlen,
-		     void *arg)
+                     void *arg)
 {
     VALUE protocols = rb_attr_get((VALUE)arg, id_npn_protocols_encoded);
 
@@ -593,7 +581,7 @@ ssl_npn_advertise_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned int *outlen,
 
 static int
 ssl_npn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
-		  const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+                  const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
 {
     VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
 
@@ -601,13 +589,13 @@ ssl_npn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
     cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_npn_select_cb);
 
     return ssl_npn_select_cb_common(ssl, cb, (const unsigned char **)out,
-				    outlen, in, inlen);
+                                    outlen, in, inlen);
 }
 #endif
 
 static int
 ssl_alpn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
-		   const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+                   const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
 {
     VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
 
@@ -624,7 +612,7 @@ ssl_info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int where, int val)
     int is_server = SSL_is_server((SSL *)ssl);
 
     if (is_server && where & SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START) {
-	ssl_renegotiation_cb(ssl);
+        ssl_renegotiation_cb(ssl);
     }
 }
 
@@ -670,9 +658,9 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_options(VALUE self, VALUE options)
     SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_CTX_get_options(ctx));
 
     if (NIL_P(options)) {
-	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_ALL);
+        SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_ALL);
     } else {
-	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, NUM2ULONG(options));
+        SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, NUM2ULONG(options));
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -702,7 +690,10 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
     GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
 
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
-    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_dh_callback);
+    if (!NIL_P(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_tmp_dh_callback))) {
+        SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_dh_callback);
+        SSL_CTX_set_dh_auto(ctx, 0);
+    }
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_IS_AWSLC) /* AWS-LC has no support for TLS 1.3 PHA. */
@@ -711,14 +702,14 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_cert_store);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-	X509_STORE *store = GetX509StorePtr(val); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-	SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, store);
-	X509_STORE_up_ref(store);
+        X509_STORE *store = GetX509StorePtr(val); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+        SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, store);
+        X509_STORE_up_ref(store);
     }
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_extra_chain_cert);
     if(!NIL_P(val)){
-	rb_block_call(val, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
+        rb_block_call(val, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
     }
 
     /* private key may be bundled in certificate file. */
@@ -742,22 +733,22 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_ca);
     if(!NIL_P(val)){
-	if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
-	    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++){
-		client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(val, i));
-        	if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
-		    /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
-        	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
-        	}
-	    }
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
+            for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++){
+                client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(val, i));
+                if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
+                    /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+                    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+                }
+            }
         }
-	else{
-	    client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED. */
+        else{
+            client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED. */
             if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
-		/* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
-        	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+                /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+                ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
             }
-	}
+        }
     }
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_ca_file);
@@ -780,7 +771,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
     verify_mode = NIL_P(val) ? SSL_VERIFY_NONE : NUM2INT(val);
     SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, verify_mode, ossl_ssl_verify_callback);
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_cert_cb)))
-	SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(ctx, ossl_client_cert_cb);
+        SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(ctx, ossl_client_cert_cb);
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_timeout);
     if(!NIL_P(val)) SSL_CTX_set_timeout(ctx, NUM2LONG(val));
@@ -791,60 +782,60 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 #ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_protocols);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-	VALUE encoded = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
-	rb_ivar_set(self, id_npn_protocols_encoded, encoded);
-	SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_advertise_cb, (void *)self);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN advertise callback added");
+        VALUE encoded = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+        rb_ivar_set(self, id_npn_protocols_encoded, encoded);
+        SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_advertise_cb, (void *)self);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN advertise callback added");
     }
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_select_cb))) {
-	SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_select_cb, (void *) self);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN select callback added");
+        SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN select callback added");
     }
 #endif
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_protocols);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-	VALUE rprotos = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+        VALUE rprotos = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
 
-	/* returns 0 on success */
-	if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(rprotos),
-				    RSTRING_LENINT(rprotos)))
-	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos");
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN values added");
+        /* returns 0 on success */
+        if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(rprotos),
+                                    RSTRING_LENINT(rprotos)))
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos");
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN values added");
     }
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_select_cb))) {
-	SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(ctx, ssl_alpn_select_cb, (void *) self);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN select callback added");
+        SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(ctx, ssl_alpn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN select callback added");
     }
 
     rb_obj_freeze(self);
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_id_context);
     if (!NIL_P(val)){
-	StringValue(val);
-	if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val),
-					    RSTRING_LENINT(val))){
-	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context");
-	}
+        StringValue(val);
+        if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val),
+                                            RSTRING_LENINT(val))){
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context");
+        }
     }
 
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_get_cb))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback added");
+        SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback added");
     }
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_new_cb))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback added");
+        SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback added");
     }
     if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_remove_cb))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback added");
+        SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback added");
     }
 
     val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_servername_cb);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
         SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(ctx, ssl_servername_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL TLSEXT servername callback added");
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL TLSEXT servername callback added");
     }
 
 #if !OSSL_IS_LIBRESSL
@@ -867,28 +858,28 @@ parse_proto_version(VALUE str)
 {
     int i;
     static const struct {
-	const char *name;
-	int version;
+        const char *name;
+        int version;
     } map[] = {
-	{ "SSL2", SSL2_VERSION },
-	{ "SSL3", SSL3_VERSION },
-	{ "TLS1", TLS1_VERSION },
-	{ "TLS1_1", TLS1_1_VERSION },
-	{ "TLS1_2", TLS1_2_VERSION },
-	{ "TLS1_3", TLS1_3_VERSION },
+        { "SSL2", SSL2_VERSION },
+        { "SSL3", SSL3_VERSION },
+        { "TLS1", TLS1_VERSION },
+        { "TLS1_1", TLS1_1_VERSION },
+        { "TLS1_2", TLS1_2_VERSION },
+        { "TLS1_3", TLS1_3_VERSION },
     };
 
     if (NIL_P(str))
-	return 0;
+        return 0;
     if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(str))
-	return NUM2INT(str);
+        return NUM2INT(str);
 
     if (SYMBOL_P(str))
-	str = rb_sym2str(str);
+        str = rb_sym2str(str);
     StringValue(str);
     for (i = 0; i < numberof(map); i++)
-	if (!strncmp(map[i].name, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str)))
-	    return map[i].version;
+        if (!strncmp(map[i].name, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str)))
+            return map[i].version;
     rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized version %+"PRIsVALUE, str);
 }
 
@@ -998,11 +989,10 @@ static VALUE
 build_cipher_string(VALUE v)
 {
     VALUE str, elem;
-    int i;
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_ARRAY)) {
         str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
-        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(v); i++) {
+        for (long i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(v); i++) {
             elem = rb_ary_entry(v, i);
             if (RB_TYPE_P(elem, T_ARRAY)) elem = rb_ary_entry(elem, 0);
             elem = rb_String(elem);
@@ -1023,9 +1013,14 @@ build_cipher_string(VALUE v)
  *    ctx.ciphers = [name, ...]
  *    ctx.ciphers = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
  *
- * Sets the list of available cipher suites for this context.  Note in a server
- * context some ciphers require the appropriate certificates.  For example, an
- * RSA cipher suite can only be chosen when an RSA certificate is available.
+ * Sets the list of available cipher suites for TLS 1.2 and below for this
+ * context.
+ *
+ * Note in a server context some ciphers require the appropriate certificates.
+ * For example, an RSA cipher suite can only be chosen when an RSA certificate
+ * is available.
+ *
+ * This method does not affect TLS 1.3 connections. See also #ciphersuites=.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
@@ -1034,6 +1029,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
     VALUE str;
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
+    // Assigning nil is a no-op for compatibility
     if (NIL_P(v))
         return v;
 
@@ -1050,9 +1046,8 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
  * call-seq:
  *    ctx.ciphersuites = "cipher1:cipher2:..."
  *    ctx.ciphersuites = [name, ...]
- *    ctx.ciphersuites = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
  *
- * Sets the list of available TLSv1.3 cipher suites for this context.
+ * Sets the list of available TLS 1.3 cipher suites for this context.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites(VALUE self, VALUE v)
@@ -1061,6 +1056,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites(VALUE self, VALUE v)
     VALUE str;
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
+    // Assigning nil is a no-op for compatibility
     if (NIL_P(v))
         return v;
 
@@ -1073,6 +1069,63 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites(VALUE self, VALUE v)
     return v;
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET1_SIGALGS_LIST
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.sigalgs = "sigalg1:sigalg2:..."
+ *
+ * Sets the list of "supported signature algorithms" for this context.
+ *
+ * For a TLS client, the list is used in the "signature_algorithms" extension
+ * in the ClientHello message. For a server, the list is used by OpenSSL to
+ * determine the set of shared signature algorithms. OpenSSL will pick the most
+ * appropriate one from it.
+ *
+ * See also #client_sigalgs= for the client authentication equivalent.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_sigalgs(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_sigalgs_list(ctx, StringValueCStr(v)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set1_sigalgs_list");
+
+    return v;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET1_CLIENT_SIGALGS_LIST
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.client_sigalgs = "sigalg1:sigalg2:..."
+ *
+ * Sets the list of "supported signature algorithms" for client authentication
+ * for this context.
+ *
+ * For a TLS server, the list is sent to the client as part of the
+ * CertificateRequest message.
+ *
+ * See also #sigalgs= for the server authentication equivalent.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_client_sigalgs(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_client_sigalgs_list(ctx, StringValueCStr(v)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set1_client_sigalgs_list");
+
+    return v;
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DH
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -1085,7 +1138,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites(VALUE self, VALUE v)
  * contained in the key object, if any, are ignored. The server will always
  * generate a new key pair for each handshake.
  *
- * Added in version 3.0. See also the man page SSL_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(3).
+ * Added in version 3.0. See also the man page SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(3).
  *
  * Example:
  *   ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
@@ -1106,7 +1159,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
     if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_DH)
         rb_raise(eSSLError, "invalid pkey type %s (expected DH)",
                  OBJ_nid2sn(EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey)));
-#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET0_TMP_DH_PKEY
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET0_TMP_DH_PKEY
     if (!SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(ctx, pkey))
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey");
     EVP_PKEY_up_ref(pkey);
@@ -1115,29 +1168,36 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh");
 #endif
 
+    // Turn off the "auto" DH parameters set by ossl_sslctx_s_alloc()
+    SSL_CTX_set_dh_auto(ctx, 0);
+
     return arg;
 }
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    ctx.ecdh_curves = curve_list -> curve_list
+ *    ctx.groups = groups_list
+ *    ctx.ecdh_curves = groups_list
+ *
+ * Sets the list of supported groups for key agreement for this context.
  *
- * Sets the list of "supported elliptic curves" for this context.
+ * For a TLS client, the list is directly used in the "supported_groups"
+ * extension. For a server, the list is used by OpenSSL to determine the set of
+ * shared supported groups. OpenSSL will pick the most appropriate one from it.
  *
- * For a TLS client, the list is directly used in the Supported Elliptic Curves
- * Extension. For a server, the list is used by OpenSSL to determine the set of
- * shared curves. OpenSSL will pick the most appropriate one from it.
+ * #ecdh_curves= is a deprecated alias for #groups=.
+ *
+ * See also the man page SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list(3).
  *
  * === Example
  *   ctx1 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
- *   ctx1.ecdh_curves = "X25519:P-256:P-224"
+ *   ctx1.groups = "X25519:P-256:P-224"
  *   svr = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer.new(tcp_svr, ctx1)
  *   Thread.new { svr.accept }
  *
  *   ctx2 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
- *   ctx2.ecdh_curves = "P-256"
+ *   ctx2.groups = "P-256"
  *   cli = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(tcp_sock, ctx2)
  *   cli.connect
  *
@@ -1145,7 +1205,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
  *   # => "prime256v1" (is an alias for NIST P-256)
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+ossl_sslctx_set_groups(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
 {
     SSL_CTX *ctx;
 
@@ -1153,13 +1213,10 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
     GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
     StringValueCStr(arg);
 
-    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(arg)))
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(arg)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list");
     return arg;
 }
-#else
-#define ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves rb_f_notimplement
-#endif
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -1288,20 +1345,20 @@ ossl_sslctx_add_certificate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pub_pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509);
     EVP_PKEY_free(pub_pkey);
     if (!pub_pkey)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "certificate does not contain public key");
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "certificate does not contain public key");
     if (EVP_PKEY_eq(pub_pkey, pkey) != 1)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "public key mismatch");
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "public key mismatch");
 
     if (argc >= 3)
-	extra_chain = ossl_x509_ary2sk(extra_chain_ary);
+        extra_chain = ossl_x509_ary2sk(extra_chain_ary);
 
     if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, x509)) {
-	sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_certificate");
+        sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_certificate");
     }
     if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, pkey)) {
-	sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
+        sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
     }
     if (extra_chain && !SSL_CTX_set0_chain(ctx, extra_chain)) {
         sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
@@ -1534,32 +1591,31 @@ ossl_ssl_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-peer_ip_address(VALUE self)
+peer_ip_address(VALUE io)
 {
-    VALUE remote_address = rb_funcall(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io), rb_intern("remote_address"), 0);
+    VALUE remote_address = rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("remote_address"), 0);
 
     return rb_funcall(remote_address, rb_intern("inspect_sockaddr"), 0);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-fallback_peer_ip_address(VALUE self, VALUE args)
+fallback_peer_ip_address(VALUE self, VALUE exc)
 {
     return rb_str_new_cstr("(null)");
 }
 
 static VALUE
-peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE self)
+peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE io)
 {
-    VALUE rb_mErrno = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Errno"));
-    VALUE rb_eSystemCallError = rb_const_get(rb_mErrno, rb_intern("SystemCallError"));
-
-    return rb_rescue2(peer_ip_address, self, fallback_peer_ip_address, (VALUE)0, rb_eSystemCallError, NULL);
+    return rb_rescue2(peer_ip_address, io, fallback_peer_ip_address, Qnil,
+                      rb_eSystemCallError, (VALUE)0);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    SSLSocket.new(io) => aSSLSocket
  *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx) => aSSLSocket
+ *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx, sync_close:) => aSSLSocket
  *
  * Creates a new SSL socket from _io_ which must be a real IO object (not an
  * IO-like object that responds to read/write).
@@ -1567,6 +1623,10 @@ peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE self)
  * If _ctx_ is provided the SSL Sockets initial params will be taken from
  * the context.
  *
+ * The optional _sync_close_ keyword parameter sets the _sync_close_ instance
+ * variable. Setting this to +true+ will cause the underlying socket to be
+ * closed when the SSL/TLS connection is shut down.
+ *
  * The OpenSSL::Buffering module provides additional IO methods.
  *
  * This method will freeze the SSLContext if one is provided;
@@ -1575,32 +1635,46 @@ peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
+    static ID kw_ids[1];
+    VALUE kw_args[1];
+    VALUE opts;
+
     VALUE io, v_ctx;
     SSL *ssl;
     SSL_CTX *ctx;
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SSL, &ossl_ssl_type, ssl);
     if (ssl)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL already initialized");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL already initialized");
 
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &io, &v_ctx) == 1)
-	v_ctx = rb_funcall(cSSLContext, rb_intern("new"), 0);
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &io, &v_ctx, &opts) == 1)
+        v_ctx = rb_funcall(cSSLContext, rb_intern("new"), 0);
+
+    if (!kw_ids[0]) {
+        kw_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("sync_close");
+    }
+
+    rb_get_kwargs(opts, kw_ids, 0, 1, kw_args);
+    if (kw_args[0] != Qundef) {
+        rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_sync_close, kw_args[0]);
+    }
 
     GetSSLCTX(v_ctx, ctx);
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_context, v_ctx);
     ossl_sslctx_setup(v_ctx);
 
     if (rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("nonblock=")))
-	rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("nonblock="), 1, Qtrue);
+        rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("nonblock="), 1, Qtrue);
     Check_Type(io, T_FILE);
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_io, io);
 
     ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
     if (!ssl)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ssl;
 
-    SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)self);
+    if (!SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)self))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_ex_data");
     SSL_set_info_callback(ssl, ssl_info_cb);
 
     rb_call_super(0, NULL);
@@ -1628,7 +1702,7 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (ssl_started(ssl))
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
 
     io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
     GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
@@ -1640,24 +1714,28 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
+static int
+errno_mapped(void)
+{
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) (errno = rb_w32_map_errno(WSAGetLastError()), SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret)))
+    return rb_w32_map_errno(WSAGetLastError());
 #else
-#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret))
+    return errno;
 #endif
+}
 
 static void
 write_would_block(int nonblock)
 {
     if (nonblock)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, "write would block");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, "write would block");
 }
 
 static void
 read_would_block(int nonblock)
 {
     if (nonblock)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, "read would block");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, "read would block");
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1665,7 +1743,7 @@ no_exception_p(VALUE opts)
 {
     if (RB_TYPE_P(opts, T_HASH) &&
           rb_hash_lookup2(opts, sym_exception, Qundef) == Qfalse)
-	return 1;
+        return 1;
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1685,13 +1763,13 @@ static void
 io_wait_writable(VALUE io)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
-    if (!rb_io_maybe_wait_writable(errno, io, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
+    if (!rb_io_wait(io, INT2NUM(RUBY_IO_WRITABLE), RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
         rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become writable!");
     }
 #else
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_wait_writable(fptr->fd);
+    rb_thread_fd_writable(fptr->fd);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1699,13 +1777,13 @@ static void
 io_wait_readable(VALUE io)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
-    if (!rb_io_maybe_wait_readable(errno, io, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
+    if (!rb_io_wait(io, INT2NUM(RUBY_IO_READABLE), RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
         rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become readable!");
     }
 #else
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_wait_readable(fptr->fd);
+    rb_thread_wait_fd(fptr->fd);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1713,7 +1791,6 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
 {
     SSL *ssl;
-    int ret, ret2;
     VALUE cb_state;
     int nonblock = opts != Qfalse;
 
@@ -1723,7 +1800,8 @@ ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
 
     VALUE io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
     for (;;) {
-        ret = func(ssl);
+        int ret = func(ssl);
+        int saved_errno = errno_mapped();
 
         cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
         if (!NIL_P(cb_state)) {
@@ -1735,7 +1813,8 @@ ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
         if (ret > 0)
             break;
 
-        switch ((ret2 = ssl_get_error(ssl, ret))) {
+        int code = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
+        switch (code) {
           case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
             if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
             write_would_block(nonblock);
@@ -1749,10 +1828,11 @@ ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
           case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 #ifdef __APPLE__
             /* See ossl_ssl_write_internal() */
-            if (errno == EPROTOTYPE)
+            if (saved_errno == EPROTOTYPE)
                 continue;
 #endif
-            if (errno) rb_sys_fail(funcname);
+            if (saved_errno)
+                rb_exc_raise(rb_syserr_new(saved_errno, funcname));
             /* fallthrough */
           default: {
               VALUE error_append = Qnil;
@@ -1773,10 +1853,10 @@ ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
               ossl_raise(eSSLError,
                          "%s%s returned=%d errno=%d peeraddr=%"PRIsVALUE" state=%s%"PRIsVALUE,
                          funcname,
-                         ret2 == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL ? " SYSCALL" : "",
-                         ret2,
-                         errno,
-                         peeraddr_ip_str(self),
+                         code == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL ? " SYSCALL" : "",
+                         code,
+                         saved_errno,
+                         peeraddr_ip_str(io),
                          SSL_state_string_long(ssl),
                          error_append);
           }
@@ -1889,9 +1969,9 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
     VALUE opts = Qnil;
 
     if (nonblock) {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &len, &str, &opts);
+        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &len, &str, &opts);
     } else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &len, &str);
+        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &len, &str);
     }
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (!ssl_started(ssl))
@@ -1899,13 +1979,13 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
 
     ilen = NUM2INT(len);
     if (NIL_P(str))
-	str = rb_str_new(0, ilen);
+        str = rb_str_new(0, ilen);
     else {
-	StringValue(str);
-	if (RSTRING_LEN(str) >= ilen)
-	    rb_str_modify(str);
-	else
-	    rb_str_modify_expand(str, ilen - RSTRING_LEN(str));
+        StringValue(str);
+        if (RSTRING_LEN(str) >= ilen)
+            rb_str_modify(str);
+        else
+            rb_str_modify_expand(str, ilen - RSTRING_LEN(str));
     }
 
     if (ilen == 0) {
@@ -1918,6 +1998,7 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
     for (;;) {
         rb_str_locktmp(str);
         int nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), ilen);
+        int saved_errno = errno_mapped();
         rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
 
         cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
@@ -1927,7 +2008,7 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
             rb_jump_tag(NUM2INT(cb_state));
         }
 
-        switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nread)) {
+        switch (SSL_get_error(ssl, nread)) {
           case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
             rb_str_set_len(str, nread);
             return str;
@@ -1950,8 +2031,8 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
             break;
           case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
             if (!ERR_peek_error()) {
-                if (errno)
-                    rb_sys_fail(0);
+                if (saved_errno)
+                    rb_exc_raise(rb_syserr_new(saved_errno, "SSL_read"));
                 else {
                     /*
                      * The underlying BIO returned 0. This is actually a
@@ -2036,6 +2117,7 @@ ossl_ssl_write_internal_safe(VALUE _args)
 
     for (;;) {
         int nwritten = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), num);
+        int saved_errno = errno_mapped();
 
         cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
         if (!NIL_P(cb_state)) {
@@ -2044,7 +2126,7 @@ ossl_ssl_write_internal_safe(VALUE _args)
             rb_jump_tag(NUM2INT(cb_state));
         }
 
-        switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nwritten)) {
+        switch (SSL_get_error(ssl, nwritten)) {
           case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
             return INT2NUM(nwritten);
           case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
@@ -2065,10 +2147,11 @@ ossl_ssl_write_internal_safe(VALUE _args)
              * make the error handling in line with the socket library.
              * [Bug #14713] https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14713
              */
-            if (errno == EPROTOTYPE)
+            if (saved_errno == EPROTOTYPE)
                 continue;
 #endif
-            if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
+            if (saved_errno)
+                rb_exc_raise(rb_syserr_new(saved_errno, "SSL_write"));
             /* fallthrough */
           default:
             ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_write");
@@ -2080,14 +2163,13 @@ ossl_ssl_write_internal_safe(VALUE _args)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_write_internal(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE opts)
 {
-    VALUE args[3] = {self, str, opts};
-    int state;
-    str = StringValue(str);
-
+    StringValue(str);
     int frozen = RB_OBJ_FROZEN(str);
     if (!frozen) {
-        str = rb_str_locktmp(str);
+        rb_str_locktmp(str);
     }
+    int state;
+    VALUE args[3] = {self, str, opts};
     VALUE result = rb_protect(ossl_ssl_write_internal_safe, (VALUE)args, &state);
     if (!frozen) {
         rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
@@ -2114,9 +2196,12 @@ ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    ssl.syswrite_nonblock(string) => Integer
+ *    ssl.syswrite_nonblock(string, opts) => Integer
  *
  * Writes _string_ to the SSL connection in a non-blocking manner.  Raises an
- * SSLError if writing would block.
+ * SSLError if writing would block.  If "exception: false" is passed, this
+ * method returns a symbol of :wait_readable or :wait_writable, rather than
+ * raising an exception.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_write_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -2143,12 +2228,12 @@ ossl_ssl_stop(VALUE self)
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (!ssl_started(ssl))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     ret = SSL_shutdown(ssl);
     if (ret == 1) /* Have already received close_notify */
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     if (ret == 0) /* Sent close_notify, but we don't wait for reply */
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     /*
      * XXX: Something happened. Possibly it failed because the underlying socket
@@ -2234,20 +2319,20 @@ ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain(VALUE self)
     num = sk_X509_num(chain);
     ary = rb_ary_new2(num);
     for (i = 0; i < num; i++){
-	cert = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509_new(cert));
+        cert = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509_new(cert));
     }
 
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
-* call-seq:
-*    ssl.ssl_version => String
-*
-* Returns a String representing the SSL/TLS version that was negotiated
-* for the connection, for example "TLSv1.2".
-*/
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.ssl_version => String
+ *
+ * Returns a String representing the SSL/TLS version that was negotiated
+ * for the connection, for example "TLSv1.2".
+ */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_version(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -2368,10 +2453,10 @@ ossl_ssl_set_hostname(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
 
     if (!NIL_P(arg))
-	hostname = StringValueCStr(arg);
+        hostname = StringValueCStr(arg);
 
     if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, hostname))
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
 
     /* for SSLSocket#hostname */
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_hostname, arg);
@@ -2400,16 +2485,15 @@ ossl_ssl_get_verify_result(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    ssl.finished_message => "finished message"
- *
- * Returns the last *Finished* message sent
+ *    ssl.finished_message -> string or nil
  *
+ * Returns the contents of the last +Finished+ message sent to the peer.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_finished(VALUE self)
 {
     SSL *ssl;
-    char sizer[1], *buf;
+    char sizer[1];
     size_t len;
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
@@ -2418,23 +2502,23 @@ ossl_ssl_get_finished(VALUE self)
     if (len == 0)
         return Qnil;
 
-    buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
-    SSL_get_finished(ssl, buf, len);
-    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
+    VALUE str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
+    SSL_get_finished(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+    return str;
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    ssl.peer_finished_message => "peer finished message"
- *
- * Returns the last *Finished* message received
+ *    ssl.peer_finished_message -> string or nil
  *
+ * Returns the contents of the last +Finished+ message expected to be sent
+ * by the peer.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_peer_finished(VALUE self)
 {
     SSL *ssl;
-    char sizer[1], *buf;
+    char sizer[1];
     size_t len;
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
@@ -2443,9 +2527,9 @@ ossl_ssl_get_peer_finished(VALUE self)
     if (len == 0)
         return Qnil;
 
-    buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
-    SSL_get_peer_finished(ssl, buf, len);
-    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
+    VALUE str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
+    SSL_get_peer_finished(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+    return str;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2492,9 +2576,9 @@ ossl_ssl_npn_protocol(VALUE self)
 
     SSL_get0_next_proto_negotiated(ssl, &out, &outlen);
     if (!outlen)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     else
-	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+        return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
 }
 # endif
 
@@ -2516,9 +2600,9 @@ ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol(VALUE self)
 
     SSL_get0_alpn_selected(ssl, &out, &outlen);
     if (!outlen)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
     else
-	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+        return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2551,15 +2635,15 @@ ossl_ssl_export_keying_material(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (!NIL_P(context)) {
-	use_ctx = 1;
-	StringValue(context);
-	ctx = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(context);
-	ctx_len = RSTRING_LEN(context);
+        use_ctx = 1;
+        StringValue(context);
+        ctx = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(context);
+        ctx_len = RSTRING_LEN(context);
     }
     ret = SSL_export_keying_material(ssl, p, len, (char *)RSTRING_PTR(label),
-				     RSTRING_LENINT(label), ctx, ctx_len, use_ctx);
+                                     RSTRING_LENINT(label), ctx, ctx_len, use_ctx);
     if (ret == 0 || ret == -1) {
-	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_export_keying_material");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_export_keying_material");
     }
     return str;
 }
@@ -2578,17 +2662,77 @@ ossl_ssl_tmp_key(VALUE self)
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (!SSL_get_server_tmp_key(ssl, &key))
-	return Qnil;
-    return ossl_pkey_new(key);
+        return Qnil;
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(key);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET0_PEER_SIGNATURE_NAME
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.sigalg => String or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the signature algorithm name, the IANA name of the signature scheme
+ * used by the local to sign the TLS handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_sigalg(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const char *name;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!SSL_get0_signature_name(ssl, &name))
+        return Qnil;
+    return rb_str_new_cstr(name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_sigalg => String or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the signature algorithm name, the IANA name of the signature scheme
+ * used by the peer to sign the TLS handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_sigalg(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const char *name;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!SSL_get0_peer_signature_name(ssl, &name))
+        return Qnil;
+    return rb_str_new_cstr(name);
 }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET0_GROUP_NAME
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.group => String or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the name of the group that was used for the key agreement of the
+ * current TLS session establishment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_group(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const char *name;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!(name = SSL_get0_group_name(ssl)))
+        return Qnil;
+    return rb_str_new_cstr(name);
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
 
 void
 Init_ossl_ssl(void)
 {
 #if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_mWaitReadable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitReadable");
     rb_mWaitWritable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitWritable");
 #endif
@@ -2599,10 +2743,10 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
 
     ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx", 0, 0, 0);
     if (ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx < 0)
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_get_ex_new_index");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_get_ex_new_index");
     ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx", 0, 0, 0);
     if (ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx < 0)
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
 
     /* Document-module: OpenSSL::SSL
      *
@@ -2740,6 +2884,23 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
      */
     rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("client_cert_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
 
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DH
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when DH parameters are required for ephemeral DH key
+     * exchange.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the SSLSocket, a
+     * flag indicating the use of an export cipher and the keylength
+     * required.
+     *
+     * The callback must return an OpenSSL::PKey::DH instance of the correct
+     * key length.
+     *
+     * <b>Deprecated in version 3.0.</b> Use #tmp_dh= instead.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("tmp_dh_callback"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#endif
+
     /*
      * Sets the context in which a session can be reused.  This allows
      * sessions for multiple applications to be distinguished, for example, by
@@ -2887,10 +3048,17 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers",     ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers, 0);
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers=",    ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers, 1);
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphersuites=", ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites, 1);
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET1_SIGALGS_LIST // Not in LibreSSL yet
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "sigalgs=", ossl_sslctx_set_sigalgs, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET1_CLIENT_SIGALGS_LIST // Not in LibreSSL or AWS-LC yet
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "client_sigalgs=", ossl_sslctx_set_client_sigalgs, 1);
+#endif
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DH
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "tmp_dh=", ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh, 1);
 #endif
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ecdh_curves=", ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "groups=", ossl_sslctx_set_groups, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ecdh_curves=", "groups=");
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level", ossl_sslctx_get_security_level, 0);
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level=", ossl_sslctx_set_security_level, 1);
 #ifdef SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV
@@ -2997,6 +3165,13 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
 # ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
     rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "npn_protocol", ossl_ssl_npn_protocol, 0);
 # endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET0_PEER_SIGNATURE_NAME
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "sigalg", ossl_ssl_get_sigalg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_sigalg", ossl_ssl_get_peer_sigalg, 0);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET0_GROUP_NAME
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "group", ossl_ssl_get_group, 0);
+#endif
 
     rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_NONE", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_NONE));
     rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_PEER", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_PEER));
@@ -3119,7 +3294,6 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
     sym_wait_readable = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("wait_readable"));
     sym_wait_writable = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("wait_writable"));
 
-    id_tmp_dh_callback = rb_intern_const("tmp_dh_callback");
     id_npn_protocols_encoded = rb_intern_const("npn_protocols_encoded");
     id_each = rb_intern_const("each");
 
@@ -3150,9 +3324,11 @@ Init_ossl_ssl(void)
     DefIVarID(servername_cb);
     DefIVarID(verify_hostname);
     DefIVarID(keylog_cb);
+    DefIVarID(tmp_dh_callback);
 
     DefIVarID(io);
     DefIVarID(context);
     DefIVarID(hostname);
+    DefIVarID(sync_close);
 #endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
index a92985c601..a87e62d450 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
 #define _OSSL_SSL_H_
 
 #define GetSSL(obj, ssl) do { \
-	TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL, &ossl_ssl_type, (ssl)); \
-	if (!(ssl)) { \
-		ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL is not initialized"); \
-	} \
+    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL, &ossl_ssl_type, (ssl)); \
+    if (!(ssl)) { \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL is not initialized"); \
+    } \
 } while (0)
 
 #define GetSSLSession(obj, sess) do { \
-	TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_SESSION, &ossl_ssl_session_type, (sess)); \
-	if (!(sess)) { \
-		ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL Session wasn't initialized."); \
-	} \
+    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_SESSION, &ossl_ssl_session_type, (sess)); \
+    if (!(sess)) { \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL Session wasn't initialized."); \
+    } \
 } while (0)
 
 extern const rb_data_type_t ossl_ssl_type;
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
index c5df902c60..8a2fbf4100 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ ossl_ssl_session_free(void *ptr)
 const rb_data_type_t ossl_ssl_session_type = {
     "OpenSSL/SSL/Session",
     {
-	0, ossl_ssl_session_free,
+        0, ossl_ssl_session_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-	return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_ssl_session_type, NULL);
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_ssl_session_type, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ ossl_ssl_session_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg1)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_session_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ ossl_ssl_session_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     GetSSLSession(other, sess_other);
 
     sess_new = ASN1_dup((i2d_of_void *)i2d_SSL_SESSION, (d2i_of_void *)d2i_SSL_SESSION,
-			(char *)sess_other);
+                        (char *)sess_other);
     if (!sess_new)
-	ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "ASN1_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "ASN1_dup");
 
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = sess_new;
     SSL_SESSION_free(sess);
@@ -98,9 +99,9 @@ ossl_SSL_SESSION_cmp(const SSL_SESSION *a, const SSL_SESSION *b)
     const unsigned char *b_sid = SSL_SESSION_get_id(b, &b_len);
 
     if (SSL_SESSION_get_protocol_version(a) != SSL_SESSION_get_protocol_version(b))
-	return 1;
+        return 1;
     if (a_len != b_len)
-	return 1;
+        return 1;
 
     return CRYPTO_memcmp(a_sid, b_sid, a_len);
 }
@@ -113,15 +114,15 @@ ossl_SSL_SESSION_cmp(const SSL_SESSION *a, const SSL_SESSION *b)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_eq(VALUE val1, VALUE val2)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx1, *ctx2;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx1, *ctx2;
 
-	GetSSLSession(val1, ctx1);
-	GetSSLSession(val2, ctx2);
+    GetSSLSession(val1, ctx1);
+    GetSSLSession(val2, ctx2);
 
-	switch (ossl_SSL_SESSION_cmp(ctx1, ctx2)) {
-	case 0:		return Qtrue;
-	default:	return Qfalse;
-	}
+    switch (ossl_SSL_SESSION_cmp(ctx1, ctx2)) {
+      case 0:         return Qtrue;
+      default:        return Qfalse;
+    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ ossl_ssl_session_get_time(VALUE self)
     GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
     t = SSL_SESSION_get_time(ctx);
     if (t == 0)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return rb_funcall(rb_cTime, rb_intern("at"), 1, LONG2NUM(t));
 }
@@ -174,16 +175,16 @@ ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_set_time(VALUE self, VALUE time_v)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	long t;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(time_v, rb_cTime)) {
-		time_v = rb_funcall(time_v, rb_intern("to_i"), 0);
-	}
-	t = NUM2LONG(time_v);
-	SSL_SESSION_set_time(ctx, t);
-	return ossl_ssl_session_get_time(self);
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    long t;
+
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(time_v, rb_cTime)) {
+        time_v = rb_funcall(time_v, rb_intern("to_i"), 0);
+    }
+    t = NUM2LONG(time_v);
+    SSL_SESSION_set_time(ctx, t);
+    return ossl_ssl_session_get_time(self);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -194,13 +195,13 @@ static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_set_time(VALUE self, VALUE time_v)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout(VALUE self, VALUE time_v)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	long t;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    long t;
 
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-	t = NUM2LONG(time_v);
-	SSL_SESSION_set_timeout(ctx, t);
-	return ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout(self);
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    t = NUM2LONG(time_v);
+    SSL_SESSION_set_timeout(ctx, t);
+    return ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout(self);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -208,18 +209,18 @@ static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout(VALUE self, VALUE time_v)
  *    session.id -> String
  *
  * Returns the Session ID.
-*/
+ */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_get_id(VALUE self)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	const unsigned char *p = NULL;
-	unsigned int i = 0;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    const unsigned char *p = NULL;
+    unsigned int i = 0;
 
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
 
-	p = SSL_SESSION_get_id(ctx, &i);
+    p = SSL_SESSION_get_id(ctx, &i);
 
-	return rb_str_new((const char *) p, i);
+    return rb_str_new((const char *) p, i);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -230,22 +231,22 @@ static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_get_id(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	unsigned char *p;
-	int len;
-	VALUE str;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-	len = i2d_SSL_SESSION(ctx, NULL);
-	if (len <= 0) {
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "i2d_SSL_SESSION");
-	}
-
-	str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	i2d_SSL_SESSION(ctx, &p);
-	ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
-	return str;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    unsigned char *p;
+    int len;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    len = i2d_SSL_SESSION(ctx, NULL);
+    if (len <= 0) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "i2d_SSL_SESSION");
+    }
+
+    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
+    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    i2d_SSL_SESSION(ctx, &p);
+    ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
+    return str;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -256,22 +257,22 @@ static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_der(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_pem(VALUE self)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	BIO *out;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    BIO *out;
 
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
 
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
-	}
+    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
+    }
 
-	if (!PEM_write_bio_SSL_SESSION(out, ctx)) {
-		BIO_free(out);
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
-	}
+    if (!PEM_write_bio_SSL_SESSION(out, ctx)) {
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
+    }
 
 
-	return ossl_membio2str(out);
+    return ossl_membio2str(out);
 }
 
 
@@ -283,49 +284,44 @@ static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_pem(VALUE self)
  */
 static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_text(VALUE self)
 {
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	BIO *out;
+    SSL_SESSION *ctx;
+    BIO *out;
 
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
+    GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
 
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
-	}
+    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
+    }
 
-	if (!SSL_SESSION_print(out, ctx)) {
-		BIO_free(out);
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
-	}
+    if (!SSL_SESSION_print(out, ctx)) {
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
+    }
 
-	return ossl_membio2str(out);
+    return ossl_membio2str(out);
 }
 
 #endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
 
 void Init_ossl_ssl_session(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    mSSL = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "SSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SOCK
-	cSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "Session", rb_cObject);
-	eSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(cSSLSession, "SessionError", eOSSLError);
-
-	rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSession, ossl_ssl_session_alloc);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "initialize", ossl_ssl_session_initialize, 1);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "initialize_copy", ossl_ssl_session_initialize_copy, 1);
-
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "==", ossl_ssl_session_eq, 1);
-
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time", ossl_ssl_session_get_time, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time=", ossl_ssl_session_set_time, 1);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout", ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout=", ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout, 1);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "id", ossl_ssl_session_get_id, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_der", ossl_ssl_session_to_der, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_pem", ossl_ssl_session_to_pem, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_text", ossl_ssl_session_to_text, 0);
+    cSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "Session", rb_cObject);
+    eSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(cSSLSession, "SessionError", eOSSLError);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSession, ossl_ssl_session_alloc);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "initialize", ossl_ssl_session_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "initialize_copy", ossl_ssl_session_initialize_copy, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "==", ossl_ssl_session_eq, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time", ossl_ssl_session_get_time, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time=", ossl_ssl_session_set_time, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout", ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout=", ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "id", ossl_ssl_session_get_id, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_der", ossl_ssl_session_to_der, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_pem", ossl_ssl_session_to_pem, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_text", ossl_ssl_session_to_text, 0);
 #endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ts.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ts.c
index c7d2bd271b..317f7786aa 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ts.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ts.c
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static  const rb_data_type_t ossl_ts_resp_type = {
 static void
 ossl_ts_token_info_free(void *ptr)
 {
-        TS_TST_INFO_free(ptr);
+    TS_TST_INFO_free(ptr);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_ts_token_info_type = {
@@ -132,44 +132,10 @@ asn1_to_der(void *template, int (*i2d)(void *template, unsigned char **pp))
     return str;
 }
 
-static ASN1_OBJECT*
-obj_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
-
-    StringValue(obj);
-    a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 0);
-    if(!a1obj) a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 1);
-    if(!a1obj) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid OBJECT ID");
-
-    return a1obj;
-}
-
 static VALUE
 obj_to_asn1obj_i(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return (VALUE)obj_to_asn1obj(obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-get_asn1obj(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj)
-{
-    BIO *out;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int nid;
-    if ((nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj)) != NID_undef)
-        ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-    else{
-        if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-            ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
-        if (i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, obj) <= 0) {
-            BIO_free(out);
-            ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "i2a_ASN1_OBJECT");
-        }
-        ret = ossl_membio2str(out);
-    }
-
-    return ret;
+    return (VALUE)ossl_to_asn1obj(obj);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -202,7 +168,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ts_req_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    TS_REQ *ts_req = DATA_PTR(self);
+    TS_REQ *req, *req_orig = DATA_PTR(self);
     BIO *in;
     VALUE arg;
 
@@ -212,13 +178,14 @@ ossl_ts_req_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
-    ts_req = d2i_TS_REQ_bio(in, &ts_req);
+    req = d2i_TS_REQ_bio(in, NULL);
     BIO_free(in);
-    if (!ts_req) {
-        DATA_PTR(self) = NULL;
-        ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "Error when decoding the timestamp request");
+    if (!req) {
+        ossl_raise(eTimestampError,
+                   "Error when decoding the timestamp request");
     }
-    DATA_PTR(self) = ts_req;
+    TS_REQ_free(req_orig);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = req;
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -242,7 +209,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_get_algorithm(VALUE self)
     mi = TS_REQ_get_msg_imprint(req);
     algor = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_algo(mi);
     X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, algor);
-    return get_asn1obj(obj);
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(obj);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -264,7 +231,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_set_algorithm(VALUE self, VALUE algo)
     X509_ALGOR *algor;
 
     GetTSRequest(self, req);
-    obj = obj_to_asn1obj(algo);
+    obj = ossl_to_asn1obj(algo);
     mi = TS_REQ_get_msg_imprint(req);
     algor = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_algo(mi);
     if (!X509_ALGOR_set0(algor, obj, V_ASN1_NULL, NULL)) {
@@ -293,7 +260,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_get_msg_imprint(VALUE self)
     mi = TS_REQ_get_msg_imprint(req);
     hashed_msg = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_msg(mi);
 
-    ret = rb_str_new((const char *)hashed_msg->data, hashed_msg->length);
+    ret = asn1str_to_str(hashed_msg);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -371,7 +338,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_get_policy_id(VALUE self)
     GetTSRequest(self, req);
     if (!TS_REQ_get_policy_id(req))
         return Qnil;
-    return get_asn1obj(TS_REQ_get_policy_id(req));
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(TS_REQ_get_policy_id(req));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -394,7 +361,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_set_policy_id(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
     int ok;
 
     GetTSRequest(self, req);
-    obj = obj_to_asn1obj(oid);
+    obj = ossl_to_asn1obj(oid);
     ok = TS_REQ_set_policy_id(req, obj);
     ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
     if (!ok)
@@ -504,7 +471,7 @@ ossl_ts_req_to_der(VALUE self)
         ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "Message imprint missing algorithm");
 
     hashed_msg = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_msg(mi);
-    if (!hashed_msg->length)
+    if (!ASN1_STRING_length(hashed_msg))
         ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "Message imprint missing hashed message");
 
     return asn1_to_der((void *)req, (int (*)(void *, unsigned char **))i2d_TS_REQ);
@@ -556,18 +523,19 @@ ossl_ts_resp_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ts_resp_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE der)
 {
-    TS_RESP *ts_resp = DATA_PTR(self);
+    TS_RESP *resp, *resp_orig = DATA_PTR(self);
     BIO *in;
 
     der = ossl_to_der_if_possible(der);
-    in  = ossl_obj2bio(&der);
-    ts_resp = d2i_TS_RESP_bio(in, &ts_resp);
+    in = ossl_obj2bio(&der);
+    resp = d2i_TS_RESP_bio(in, NULL);
     BIO_free(in);
-    if (!ts_resp) {
-        DATA_PTR(self) = NULL;
-        ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "Error when decoding the timestamp response");
+    if (!resp) {
+        ossl_raise(eTimestampError,
+                   "Error when decoding the timestamp response");
     }
-    DATA_PTR(self) = ts_resp;
+    TS_RESP_free(resp_orig);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = resp;
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -740,7 +708,7 @@ ossl_ts_resp_get_tsa_certificate(VALUE self)
     TS_RESP *resp;
     PKCS7 *p7;
     PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO *ts_info;
-    X509 *cert;
+    const X509 *cert;
 
     GetTSResponse(self, resp);
     if (!(p7 = TS_RESP_get_token(resp)))
@@ -910,18 +878,19 @@ ossl_ts_token_info_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ts_token_info_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE der)
 {
-    TS_TST_INFO *info = DATA_PTR(self);
+    TS_TST_INFO *info, *info_orig = DATA_PTR(self);
     BIO *in;
 
     der = ossl_to_der_if_possible(der);
-    in  = ossl_obj2bio(&der);
-    info = d2i_TS_TST_INFO_bio(in, &info);
+    in = ossl_obj2bio(&der);
+    info = d2i_TS_TST_INFO_bio(in, NULL);
     BIO_free(in);
     if (!info) {
-        DATA_PTR(self) = NULL;
-        ossl_raise(eTimestampError, "Error when decoding the timestamp token info");
+        ossl_raise(eTimestampError,
+                   "Error when decoding the timestamp token info");
     }
-    DATA_PTR(self) = info;
+    TS_TST_INFO_free(info_orig);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = info;
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -961,7 +930,7 @@ ossl_ts_token_info_get_policy_id(VALUE self)
     TS_TST_INFO *info;
 
     GetTSTokenInfo(self, info);
-    return get_asn1obj(TS_TST_INFO_get_policy_id(info));
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(TS_TST_INFO_get_policy_id(info));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -989,7 +958,7 @@ ossl_ts_token_info_get_algorithm(VALUE self)
     mi = TS_TST_INFO_get_msg_imprint(info);
     algo = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_algo(mi);
     X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, algo);
-    return get_asn1obj(obj);
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(obj);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1015,7 +984,7 @@ ossl_ts_token_info_get_msg_imprint(VALUE self)
     GetTSTokenInfo(self, info);
     mi = TS_TST_INFO_get_msg_imprint(info);
     hashed_msg = TS_MSG_IMPRINT_get_msg(mi);
-    ret = rb_str_new((const char *)hashed_msg->data, hashed_msg->length);
+    ret = asn1str_to_str(hashed_msg);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1155,9 +1124,14 @@ ossl_tsfac_time_cb(struct TS_resp_ctx *ctx, void *data, time_t *sec, long *usec)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_evp_get_digestbyname_i(VALUE arg)
+ossl_evp_md_fetch_i(VALUE args_)
 {
-    return (VALUE)ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(arg);
+    VALUE *args = (VALUE *)args_, md_holder;
+    const EVP_MD *md;
+
+    md = ossl_evp_md_fetch(args[1], &md_holder);
+    rb_ary_push(args[0], md_holder);
+    return (VALUE)md;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1193,7 +1167,8 @@ ossl_obj2bio_i(VALUE arg)
 static VALUE
 ossl_tsfac_create_ts(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE certificate, VALUE request)
 {
-    VALUE serial_number, def_policy_id, gen_time, additional_certs, allowed_digests;
+    VALUE serial_number, def_policy_id, gen_time, additional_certs,
+          allowed_digests, allowed_digests_tmp = Qnil;
     VALUE str;
     STACK_OF(X509) *inter_certs;
     VALUE tsresp, ret = Qnil;
@@ -1254,7 +1229,7 @@ ossl_tsfac_create_ts(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE certificate, VALUE request)
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(additional_certs, rb_cArray)) {
         inter_certs = ossl_protect_x509_ary2sk(additional_certs, &status);
         if (status)
-                goto end;
+            goto end;
 
         /* this dups the sk_X509 and ups each cert's ref count */
         TS_RESP_CTX_set_certs(ctx, inter_certs);
@@ -1270,16 +1245,18 @@ ossl_tsfac_create_ts(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE certificate, VALUE request)
 
     allowed_digests = ossl_tsfac_get_allowed_digests(self);
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(allowed_digests, rb_cArray)) {
-        int i;
-        VALUE rbmd;
-        const EVP_MD *md;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(allowed_digests); i++) {
-            rbmd = rb_ary_entry(allowed_digests, i);
-            md = (const EVP_MD *)rb_protect(ossl_evp_get_digestbyname_i, rbmd, &status);
+        allowed_digests_tmp = rb_ary_new_capa(RARRAY_LEN(allowed_digests));
+        for (long i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(allowed_digests); i++) {
+            VALUE args[] = {
+                allowed_digests_tmp,
+                rb_ary_entry(allowed_digests, i),
+            };
+            const EVP_MD *md = (const EVP_MD *)rb_protect(ossl_evp_md_fetch_i,
+                                                          (VALUE)args, &status);
             if (status)
                 goto end;
-            TS_RESP_CTX_add_md(ctx, md);
+            if (!TS_RESP_CTX_add_md(ctx, md))
+                goto end;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1293,6 +1270,7 @@ ossl_tsfac_create_ts(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE certificate, VALUE request)
 
     response = TS_RESP_create_response(ctx, req_bio);
     BIO_free(req_bio);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(allowed_digests_tmp);
 
     if (!response) {
         err_msg = "Error during response generation";
@@ -1306,7 +1284,7 @@ ossl_tsfac_create_ts(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE certificate, VALUE request)
     SetTSResponse(tsresp, response);
     ret = tsresp;
 
-end:
+  end:
     ASN1_INTEGER_free(asn1_serial);
     ASN1_OBJECT_free(def_policy_id_obj);
     TS_RESP_CTX_free(ctx);
@@ -1323,10 +1301,6 @@ end:
 void
 Init_ossl_ts(void)
 {
-    #if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL"); /* let rdoc know about mOSSL */
-    #endif
-
     /*
      * Possible return value for +Response#failure_info+. Indicates that the
      * timestamp server rejects the message imprint algorithm used in the
@@ -1536,65 +1510,39 @@ Init_ossl_ts(void)
      *      fac.default_policy_id = '1.2.3.4.5'
      *      fac.additional_certificates = [ inter1, inter2 ]
      *      timestamp = fac.create_timestamp(p12.key, p12.certificate, req)
-     *
-     * ==Attributes
-     *
-     * ===default_policy_id
+     */
+    cTimestampFactory = rb_define_class_under(mTimestamp, "Factory", rb_cObject);
+    /*
+     * The list of digest algorithms that the factory is allowed
+     * create timestamps for. Known vulnerable or weak algorithms should not be
+     * allowed where possible. Must be an Array of String or OpenSSL::Digest
+     * subclass instances.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("allowed_digests"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * A String representing the default policy object identifier, or +nil+.
      *
      * Request#policy_id will always be preferred over this if present in the
-     * Request, only if Request#policy_id is nil default_policy will be used.
+     * Request, only if Request#policy_id is +nil+ default_policy will be used.
      * If none of both is present, a TimestampError will be raised when trying
      * to create a Response.
-     *
-     * call-seq:
-     *       factory.default_policy_id = "string" -> string
-     *       factory.default_policy_id            -> string or nil
-     *
-     * ===serial_number
-     *
-     * Sets or retrieves the serial number to be used for timestamp creation.
-     * Must be present for timestamp creation.
-     *
-     * call-seq:
-     *       factory.serial_number = number -> number
-     *       factory.serial_number          -> number or nil
-     *
-     * ===gen_time
-     *
-     * Sets or retrieves the Time value to be used in the Response. Must be
-     * present for timestamp creation.
-     *
-     * call-seq:
-     *       factory.gen_time = Time -> Time
-     *       factory.gen_time        -> Time or nil
-     *
-     * ===additional_certs
-     *
-     * Sets or retrieves additional certificates apart from the timestamp
-     * certificate (e.g. intermediate certificates) to be added to the Response.
-     * Must be an Array of OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.
-     *
-     * call-seq:
-     *       factory.additional_certs = [cert1, cert2] -> [ cert1, cert2 ]
-     *       factory.additional_certs                  -> array or nil
-     *
-     * ===allowed_digests
-     *
-     * Sets or retrieves the digest algorithms that the factory is allowed
-     * create timestamps for. Known vulnerable or weak algorithms should not be
-     * allowed where possible.
-     * Must be an Array of String or OpenSSL::Digest subclass instances.
-     *
-     * call-seq:
-     *       factory.allowed_digests = ["sha1", OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256').new] -> [ "sha1", OpenSSL::Digest) ]
-     *       factory.allowed_digests                                               -> array or nil
-     *
      */
-    cTimestampFactory = rb_define_class_under(mTimestamp, "Factory", rb_cObject);
-    rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("allowed_digests"), 1, 1, 0);
     rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("default_policy_id"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * The serial number to be used for timestamp creation. Must be present for
+     * timestamp creation. Must be an instance of OpenSSL::BN or Integer.
+     */
     rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("serial_number"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * The Time value to be used in the Response. Must be present for timestamp
+     * creation.
+     */
     rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("gen_time"), 1, 1, 0);
+    /*
+     * Additional certificates apart from the timestamp certificate (e.g.
+     * intermediate certificates) to be added to the Response.
+     * Must be an Array of OpenSSL::X509::Certificate, or +nil+.
+     */
     rb_attr(cTimestampFactory, rb_intern_const("additional_certs"), 1, 1, 0);
     rb_define_method(cTimestampFactory, "create_timestamp", ossl_tsfac_create_ts, 3);
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.c
index 2d552d7847..bc3914fda2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.c
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ VALUE mX509;
 
 #define DefX509Const(x) rb_define_const(mX509, #x, INT2NUM(X509_##x))
 #define DefX509Default(x,i) \
-  rb_define_const(mX509, "DEFAULT_" #x, rb_str_new2(X509_get_default_##i()))
+    rb_define_const(mX509, "DEFAULT_" #x, \
+                    rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new_cstr(X509_get_default_##i())))
 
 ASN1_TIME *
 ossl_x509_time_adjust(ASN1_TIME *s, VALUE time)
@@ -29,10 +30,6 @@ ossl_x509_time_adjust(ASN1_TIME *s, VALUE time)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-#endif
-
     mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
 
     Init_ossl_x509attr();
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.h
index d25167ee7b..71932ef1a9 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void Init_ossl_x509(void);
  */
 extern VALUE cX509Attr;
 
-VALUE ossl_x509attr_new(X509_ATTRIBUTE *);
+VALUE ossl_x509attr_new(const X509_ATTRIBUTE *);
 X509_ATTRIBUTE *GetX509AttrPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509attr(void);
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void Init_ossl_x509attr(void);
  */
 extern VALUE cX509Cert;
 
-VALUE ossl_x509_new(X509 *);
+VALUE ossl_x509_new(const X509 *);
 X509 *GetX509CertPtr(VALUE);
 X509 *DupX509CertPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509cert(void);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void Init_ossl_x509cert(void);
 /*
  * X509CRL
  */
-VALUE ossl_x509crl_new(X509_CRL *);
+VALUE ossl_x509crl_new(const X509_CRL *);
 X509_CRL *GetX509CRLPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509crl(void);
 
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ void Init_ossl_x509crl(void);
  */
 extern VALUE cX509Ext;
 
-VALUE ossl_x509ext_new(X509_EXTENSION *);
+VALUE ossl_x509ext_new(const X509_EXTENSION *);
 X509_EXTENSION *GetX509ExtPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509ext(void);
 
 /*
  * X509Name
  */
-VALUE ossl_x509name_new(X509_NAME *);
+VALUE ossl_x509name_new(const X509_NAME *);
 X509_NAME *GetX509NamePtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509name(void);
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void Init_ossl_x509req(void);
  */
 extern VALUE cX509Rev;
 
-VALUE ossl_x509revoked_new(X509_REVOKED *);
+VALUE ossl_x509revoked_new(const X509_REVOKED *);
 X509_REVOKED *DupX509RevokedPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_x509revoked(void);
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
index 433b2d09a0..38600b9b00 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509attr_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Attr(obj, attr) do { \
     if (!(attr)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ATTR wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ATTR wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (attr); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Attr(obj, attr) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_ATTRIBUTE, &ossl_x509attr_type, (attr)); \
     if (!(attr)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ATTR wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ATTR wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509attr_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/ATTRIBUTE",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509attr_free,
+        0, ossl_x509attr_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -48,20 +48,16 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509attr_type = {
  * Public
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_x509attr_new(X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr)
+ossl_x509attr_new(const X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr)
 {
     X509_ATTRIBUTE *new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509Attr(cX509Attr);
-    if (!attr) {
-	new = X509_ATTRIBUTE_new();
-    } else {
-	new = X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup(attr);
-    }
-    if (!new) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    new = X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup((X509_ATTRIBUTE *)attr);
+    if (!new)
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup");
     SetX509Attr(obj, new);
 
     return obj;
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509Attr(klass);
     if (!(attr = X509_ATTRIBUTE_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     SetX509Attr(obj, attr);
 
     return obj;
@@ -107,15 +103,15 @@ ossl_x509attr_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Attr(self, attr);
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &oid, &value) == 1){
-	oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
-	StringValue(oid);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(oid);
-	x = d2i_X509_ATTRIBUTE(&attr, &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid));
-	DATA_PTR(self) = attr;
-	if(!x){
-	    ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
-	}
-	return self;
+        oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
+        StringValue(oid);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(oid);
+        x = d2i_X509_ATTRIBUTE(&attr, &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid));
+        DATA_PTR(self) = attr;
+        if(!x){
+            ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        }
+        return self;
     }
     rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("oid="), 1, oid);
     rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("value="), 1, value);
@@ -123,6 +119,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     attr_new = X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup(attr_other);
     if (!attr_new)
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "X509_ATTRIBUTE_dup");
 
     SetX509Attr(self, attr_new);
     X509_ATTRIBUTE_free(attr);
@@ -158,8 +155,8 @@ ossl_x509attr_set_oid(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
     obj = OBJ_txt2obj(s, 0);
     if(!obj) ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     if (!X509_ATTRIBUTE_set1_object(attr, obj)) {
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "X509_ATTRIBUTE_set1_object");
+        ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "X509_ATTRIBUTE_set1_object");
     }
     ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
 
@@ -168,29 +165,18 @@ ossl_x509attr_set_oid(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    attr.oid => string
+ *    attr.oid -> string
+ *
+ * Returns the OID of the attribute. Returns the short name or the dotted
+ * decimal notation.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_get_oid(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr;
-    ASN1_OBJECT *oid;
-    BIO *out;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int nid;
 
     GetX509Attr(self, attr);
-    oid = X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_object(attr);
-    if ((nid = OBJ_obj2nid(oid)) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-    else{
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-	    ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
-	i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, oid);
-	ret = ossl_membio2str(out);
-    }
-
-    return ret;
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_object(attr));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -211,7 +197,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE value)
         ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "attribute value must be ASN1::Set");
 
     if (X509_ATTRIBUTE_count(attr)) { /* populated, reset first */
-        ASN1_OBJECT *obj = X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_object(attr);
+        const ASN1_OBJECT *obj = X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_object(attr);
         X509_ATTRIBUTE *new_attr = X509_ATTRIBUTE_create_by_OBJ(NULL, obj, 0, NULL, -1);
         if (!new_attr) {
             sk_ASN1_TYPE_pop_free(sk, ASN1_TYPE_free);
@@ -249,23 +235,32 @@ ossl_x509attr_get_value(VALUE self)
     unsigned char *p;
 
     GetX509Attr(self, attr);
+    count = X509_ATTRIBUTE_count(attr);
     /* there is no X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_set() :( */
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_SK_NEW_RESERVE
+    if (!(sk = sk_ASN1_TYPE_new_reserve(NULL, count)))
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "sk_new_reserve");
+#else
     if (!(sk = sk_ASN1_TYPE_new_null()))
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "sk_new");
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, "sk_new");
+#endif
 
-    count = X509_ATTRIBUTE_count(attr);
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-	sk_ASN1_TYPE_push(sk, X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_type(attr, i));
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        if (!sk_ASN1_TYPE_push(sk, (ASN1_TYPE *)X509_ATTRIBUTE_get0_type(attr, i))) {
+            sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
+            ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        }
+    }
 
     if ((len = i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY(sk, NULL)) <= 0) {
-	sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     }
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY(sk, &p) <= 0) {
-	sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     }
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
     sk_ASN1_TYPE_free(sk);
@@ -287,11 +282,11 @@ ossl_x509attr_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Attr(self, attr);
     if((len = i2d_X509_ATTRIBUTE(attr, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_X509_ATTRIBUTE(attr, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -303,12 +298,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_to_der(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509attr(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509AttrError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "AttributeError", eOSSLError);
 
     cX509Attr = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "Attribute", rb_cObject);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
index 62f4c5c24c..08dd184a0c 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509_type, 0)
 #define SetX509(obj, x509) do { \
     if (!(x509)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CERT wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CERT wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (x509); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509(obj, x509) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509, &ossl_x509_type, (x509)); \
     if (!(x509)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CERT wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CERT wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ossl_x509_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509_free,
+        0, ossl_x509_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -48,20 +48,16 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509_type = {
  * Public
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_x509_new(X509 *x509)
+ossl_x509_new(const X509 *x509)
 {
     X509 *new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509(cX509Cert);
-    if (!x509) {
-	new = X509_new();
-    } else {
-	new = X509_dup(x509);
-    }
-    if (!new) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    new = X509_dup((X509 *)x509);
+    if (!new)
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_dup");
     SetX509(obj, new);
 
     return obj;
@@ -120,8 +116,8 @@ ossl_x509_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
-	/* create just empty X509Cert */
-	return self;
+        /* create just empty X509Cert */
+        return self;
     }
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
@@ -140,6 +136,7 @@ ossl_x509_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -174,11 +171,11 @@ ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if ((len = i2d_X509(x509, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_X509(x509, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -200,8 +197,8 @@ ossl_x509_to_pem(VALUE self)
     if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
 
     if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(out, x509)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
@@ -225,8 +222,8 @@ ossl_x509_to_text(VALUE self)
     if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
 
     if (!X509_print(out, x509)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
     str = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
@@ -246,7 +243,7 @@ ossl_x509_to_req(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!(req = X509_to_X509_REQ(x509, NULL, EVP_md5()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
     obj = ossl_x509req_new(req);
     X509_REQ_free(req);
@@ -280,11 +277,11 @@ ossl_x509_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
     long ver;
 
     if ((ver = NUM2LONG(version)) < 0) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "version must be >= 0!");
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "version must be >= 0!");
     }
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!X509_set_version(x509, ver)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return version;
@@ -314,7 +311,9 @@ ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
     X509 *x509;
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
-    X509_set_serialNumber(x509, num_to_asn1integer(num, X509_get_serialNumber(x509)));
+    if (!X509_set_serialNumber(x509, num_to_asn1integer(num, X509_get_serialNumber(x509)))) {
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+    }
 
     return num;
 }
@@ -322,27 +321,23 @@ ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    cert.signature_algorithm => string
+ *
+ * Returns the signature algorithm used to sign this certificate. This returns
+ * the algorithm name found in the TBSCertificate structure, not the outer
+ * \Certificate structure.
+ *
+ * Returns the long name of the signature algorithm, or the dotted decimal
+ * notation if \OpenSSL does not define a long name for it.
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
 {
     X509 *x509;
-    BIO *out;
     const ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
-    VALUE str;
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
-    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
-    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
-
     X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, X509_get0_tbs_sigalg(x509));
-    if (!i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, obj)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
-    }
-    str = ossl_membio2str(out);
-
-    return str;
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(obj);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -353,11 +348,11 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509_get_subject(VALUE self)
 {
     X509 *x509;
-    X509_NAME *name;
+    const X509_NAME *name;
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!(name = X509_get_subject_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_x509name_new(name);
@@ -374,7 +369,7 @@ ossl_x509_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!X509_set_subject_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(subject))) { /* DUPs name */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return subject;
@@ -388,11 +383,11 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509_get_issuer(VALUE self)
 {
     X509 *x509;
-    X509_NAME *name;
+    const X509_NAME *name;
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if(!(name = X509_get_issuer_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_x509name_new(name);
@@ -409,7 +404,7 @@ ossl_x509_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!X509_set_issuer_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(issuer))) { /* DUPs name */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return issuer;
@@ -427,7 +422,7 @@ ossl_x509_get_not_before(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notBefore(x509))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
@@ -446,8 +441,8 @@ ossl_x509_set_not_before(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     GetX509(self, x509);
     asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
     if (!X509_set1_notBefore(x509, asn1time)) {
-	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notBefore");
+        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notBefore");
     }
     ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
 
@@ -466,7 +461,7 @@ ossl_x509_get_not_after(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notAfter(x509))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
@@ -485,8 +480,8 @@ ossl_x509_set_not_after(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     GetX509(self, x509);
     asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
     if (!X509_set1_notAfter(x509, asn1time)) {
-	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notAfter");
+        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notAfter");
     }
     ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
 
@@ -505,10 +500,10 @@ ossl_x509_get_public_key(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!(pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509))) { /* adds an reference */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey); /* NO DUP - OK */
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -525,7 +520,7 @@ ossl_x509_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!X509_set_pubkey(x509, pkey))
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_pubkey");
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_pubkey");
     return key;
 }
 
@@ -539,17 +534,14 @@ ossl_x509_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
     X509 *x509;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-    if (NIL_P(digest)) {
-        md = NULL; /* needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
-    } else {
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
-    }
+    /* NULL needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
+    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
     GetX509(self, x509);
-    if (!X509_sign(x509, pkey, md)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
-    }
+    if (!X509_sign(x509, pkey, md))
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -572,12 +564,12 @@ ossl_x509_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     switch (X509_verify(x509, pkey)) {
       case 1:
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
       case 0:
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
       default:
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 }
 
@@ -598,8 +590,8 @@ ossl_x509_check_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
     GetX509(self, x509);
     if (!X509_check_private_key(x509, pkey)) {
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
     }
 
     return Qtrue;
@@ -614,15 +606,14 @@ ossl_x509_get_extensions(VALUE self)
 {
     X509 *x509;
     int count, i;
-    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
     VALUE ary;
 
     GetX509(self, x509);
     count = X509_get_ext_count(x509);
     ary = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
     for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-	ext = X509_get_ext(x509, i); /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
+        const X509_EXTENSION *ext = X509_get_ext(x509, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -642,16 +633,16 @@ ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary's members should be X509Extension */
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
+        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509(self, x509);
     for (i = X509_get_ext_count(x509); i > 0; i--)
         X509_EXTENSION_free(X509_delete_ext(x509, 0));
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
-	if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext */
-	    ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_add_ext");
-	}
+        ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+        if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext */
+            ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_add_ext");
+        }
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -670,32 +661,24 @@ ossl_x509_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
     GetX509(self, x509);
     ext = GetX509ExtPtr(extension);
     if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext - FREE it */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     }
 
     return extension;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-ossl_x509_inspect(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE": subject=%+"PRIsVALUE", "
-		      "issuer=%+"PRIsVALUE", serial=%+"PRIsVALUE", "
-		      "not_before=%+"PRIsVALUE", not_after=%+"PRIsVALUE">",
-		      rb_obj_class(self),
-		      ossl_x509_get_subject(self),
-		      ossl_x509_get_issuer(self),
-		      ossl_x509_get_serial(self),
-		      ossl_x509_get_not_before(self),
-		      ossl_x509_get_not_after(self));
-}
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    cert1 == cert2 -> true | false
  *
  * Compares the two certificates. Note that this takes into account all fields,
  * not just the issuer name and the serial number.
+ *
+ * This method uses X509_cmp() from OpenSSL, which compares certificates based
+ * on their cached DER encodings. The comparison can be unreliable if a
+ * certificate is incomplete.
+ *
+ * See also the man page X509_cmp(3).
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
@@ -704,7 +687,7 @@ ossl_x509_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     GetX509(self, a);
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cX509Cert))
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     GetX509(other, b);
 
     return !X509_cmp(a, b) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
@@ -799,7 +782,7 @@ load_chained_certificates_PEM(BIO *in) {
     certificates = load_chained_certificates_append(Qnil, certificate);
 
     while ((certificate = PEM_read_bio_X509(in, NULL, NULL, NULL))) {
-      load_chained_certificates_append(certificates, certificate);
+        load_chained_certificates_append(certificates, certificate);
     }
 
     /* We tried to read one more certificate but could not read start line: */
@@ -897,12 +880,6 @@ ossl_x509_load(VALUE klass, VALUE buffer)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509cert(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509CertError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "CertificateError", eOSSLError);
 
     /* Document-class: OpenSSL::X509::Certificate
@@ -1030,7 +1007,6 @@ Init_ossl_x509cert(void)
     rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "extensions", ossl_x509_get_extensions, 0);
     rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "extensions=", ossl_x509_set_extensions, 1);
     rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "add_extension", ossl_x509_add_extension, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "inspect", ossl_x509_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "==", ossl_x509_eq, 1);
     rb_define_method(cX509Cert, "tbs_bytes", ossl_x509_tbs_bytes, 0);
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
index 45b2546541..9b59bda9e2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509crl_type, 0)
 #define SetX509CRL(obj, crl) do { \
     if (!(crl)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CRL wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CRL wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (crl); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509CRL(obj, crl) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_CRL, &ossl_x509crl_type, (crl)); \
     if (!(crl)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CRL wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CRL wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509crl_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/CRL",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509crl_free,
+        0, ossl_x509crl_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -58,14 +58,16 @@ GetX509CRLPtr(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 VALUE
-ossl_x509crl_new(X509_CRL *crl)
+ossl_x509crl_new(const X509_CRL *crl)
 {
     X509_CRL *tmp;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509CRL(cX509CRL);
-    tmp = crl ? X509_CRL_dup(crl) : X509_CRL_new();
-    if(!tmp) ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    tmp = X509_CRL_dup((X509_CRL *)crl);
+    if (!tmp)
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_dup");
     SetX509CRL(obj, tmp);
 
     return obj;
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509CRL(klass);
     if (!(crl = X509_CRL_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     SetX509CRL(obj, crl);
 
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
-	return self;
+        return self;
     }
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509crl_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     GetX509CRL(self, a);
     GetX509CRL(other, b);
     if (!(crl = X509_CRL_dup(b))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     X509_CRL_free(a);
     DATA_PTR(self) = crl;
@@ -154,36 +157,36 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
     long ver;
 
     if ((ver = NUM2LONG(version)) < 0) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "version must be >= 0!");
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "version must be >= 0!");
     }
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     if (!X509_CRL_set_version(crl, ver)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 
     return version;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    crl.signature_algorithm -> string
+ *
+ * Returns the signature algorithm used to sign this CRL.
+ *
+ * Returns the long name of the signature algorithm, or the dotted decimal
+ * notation if \OpenSSL does not define a long name for it.
+ */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509crl_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_CRL *crl;
     const X509_ALGOR *alg;
     const ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
-    BIO *out;
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
-    }
     X509_CRL_get0_signature(crl, NULL, &alg);
     X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, alg);
-    if (!i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, obj)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
-    }
-
-    return ossl_membio2str(out);
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(obj);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
 
     if (!X509_CRL_set_issuer_name(crl, GetX509NamePtr(issuer))) { /* DUPs name */
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     return issuer;
 }
@@ -218,7 +221,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_get_last_update(VALUE self)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     time = X509_CRL_get0_lastUpdate(crl);
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -232,8 +235,8 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_last_update(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
     if (!X509_CRL_set1_lastUpdate(crl, asn1time)) {
-	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate");
+        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate");
     }
     ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
 
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_get_next_update(VALUE self)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     time = X509_CRL_get0_nextUpdate(crl);
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -263,8 +266,8 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_next_update(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
     if (!X509_CRL_set1_nextUpdate(crl, asn1time)) {
-	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate");
+        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate");
     }
     ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
 
@@ -287,8 +290,8 @@ ossl_x509crl_get_revoked(VALUE self)
     num = sk_X509_REVOKED_num(sk);
     ary = rb_ary_new_capa(num);
     for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
-	X509_REVOKED *rev = sk_X509_REVOKED_value(sk, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509revoked_new(rev));
+        const X509_REVOKED *rev = sk_X509_REVOKED_value(sk, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509revoked_new(rev));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -305,19 +308,19 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_revoked(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary members should be X509 Revoked */
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Rev);
+        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Rev);
     }
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     if ((sk = X509_CRL_get_REVOKED(crl))) {
-	while ((rev = sk_X509_REVOKED_pop(sk)))
-	    X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
+        while ((rev = sk_X509_REVOKED_pop(sk)))
+            X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
     }
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rev = DupX509RevokedPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
-	if (!X509_CRL_add0_revoked(crl, rev)) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	    X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
-	    ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add0_revoked");
-	}
+        rev = DupX509RevokedPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+        if (!X509_CRL_add0_revoked(crl, rev)) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
+            X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
+            ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add0_revoked");
+        }
     }
     X509_CRL_sort(crl);
 
@@ -333,8 +336,8 @@ ossl_x509crl_add_revoked(VALUE self, VALUE revoked)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     rev = DupX509RevokedPtr(revoked);
     if (!X509_CRL_add0_revoked(crl, rev)) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add0_revoked");
+        X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add0_revoked");
     }
     X509_CRL_sort(crl);
 
@@ -347,17 +350,14 @@ ossl_x509crl_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
     X509_CRL *crl;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-    if (NIL_P(digest)) {
-	md = NULL; /* needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
-    } else {
-	md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
-    }
-    if (!X509_CRL_sign(crl, pkey, md)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* NULL needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
+    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
+    if (!X509_CRL_sign(crl, pkey, md))
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -373,12 +373,12 @@ ossl_x509crl_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     switch (X509_CRL_verify(crl, pkey)) {
       case 1:
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
       case 0:
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
       default:
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 }
 
@@ -390,11 +390,11 @@ ossl_x509crl_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     if (!i2d_X509_CRL_bio(out, crl)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -408,11 +408,11 @@ ossl_x509crl_to_pem(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     if (!PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL(out, crl)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -426,11 +426,11 @@ ossl_x509crl_to_text(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
     if (!X509_CRL_print(out, crl)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -444,15 +444,14 @@ ossl_x509crl_get_extensions(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_CRL *crl;
     int count, i;
-    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
     VALUE ary;
 
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     count = X509_CRL_get_ext_count(crl);
     ary = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
     for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-	ext = X509_CRL_get_ext(crl, i); /* NO DUP - don't free! */
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
+        const X509_EXTENSION *ext = X509_CRL_get_ext(crl, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -471,16 +470,16 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary members should be X509 Extensions */
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
+        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     for (i = X509_CRL_get_ext_count(crl); i > 0; i--)
         X509_EXTENSION_free(X509_CRL_delete_ext(crl, 0));
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-	if (!X509_CRL_add_ext(crl, ext, -1)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add_ext");
-	}
+        ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+        if (!X509_CRL_add_ext(crl, ext, -1)) {
+            ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, "X509_CRL_add_ext");
+        }
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -495,7 +494,7 @@ ossl_x509crl_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     ext = GetX509ExtPtr(extension);
     if (!X509_CRL_add_ext(crl, ext, -1)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
     }
 
     return extension;
@@ -507,12 +506,6 @@ ossl_x509crl_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509crl(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509CRLError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "CRLError", eOSSLError);
 
     cX509CRL = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "CRL", rb_cObject);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
index c1e01f2b4f..1fe727d3f1 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509ext_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Ext(obj, ext) do { \
     if (!(ext)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EXT wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EXT wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (ext); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Ext(obj, ext) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_EXTENSION, &ossl_x509ext_type, (ext)); \
     if (!(ext)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EXT wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EXT wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 #define MakeX509ExtFactory(klass, obj, ctx) do { \
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #define GetX509ExtFactory(obj, ctx) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509V3_CTX, &ossl_x509extfactory_type, (ctx)); \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ossl_x509ext_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509ext_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/EXTENSION",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509ext_free,
+        0, ossl_x509ext_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -62,20 +62,16 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509ext_type = {
  * Public
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_x509ext_new(X509_EXTENSION *ext)
+ossl_x509ext_new(const X509_EXTENSION *ext)
 {
     X509_EXTENSION *new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509Ext(cX509Ext);
-    if (!ext) {
-	new = X509_EXTENSION_new();
-    } else {
-	new = X509_EXTENSION_dup(ext);
-    }
-    if (!new) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    new = X509_EXTENSION_dup((X509_EXTENSION *)ext);
+    if (!new)
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_dup");
     SetX509Ext(obj, new);
 
     return obj;
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@ ossl_x509extfactory_free(void *ctx)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509extfactory_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/EXTENSION/Factory",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509extfactory_free,
+        0, ossl_x509extfactory_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -180,15 +176,15 @@ ossl_x509extfactory_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     /*GetX509ExtFactory(self, ctx);*/
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "04",
-		 &issuer_cert, &subject_cert, &subject_req, &crl);
+                 &issuer_cert, &subject_cert, &subject_req, &crl);
     if (!NIL_P(issuer_cert))
-	ossl_x509extfactory_set_issuer_cert(self, issuer_cert);
+        ossl_x509extfactory_set_issuer_cert(self, issuer_cert);
     if (!NIL_P(subject_cert))
-	ossl_x509extfactory_set_subject_cert(self, subject_cert);
+        ossl_x509extfactory_set_subject_cert(self, subject_cert);
     if (!NIL_P(subject_req))
-	ossl_x509extfactory_set_subject_req(self, subject_req);
+        ossl_x509extfactory_set_subject_req(self, subject_req);
     if (!NIL_P(crl))
-	ossl_x509extfactory_set_crl(self, crl);
+        ossl_x509extfactory_set_crl(self, crl);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -218,7 +214,7 @@ ossl_x509extfactory_create_ext(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     oid_cstr = StringValueCStr(oid);
     nid = OBJ_ln2nid(oid_cstr);
     if (nid != NID_undef)
-      oid_cstr = OBJ_nid2sn(nid);
+        oid_cstr = OBJ_nid2sn(nid);
 
     valstr = rb_str_new2(RTEST(critical) ? "critical," : "");
     rb_str_append(valstr, value);
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ ossl_x509extfactory_create_ext(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     ext = X509V3_EXT_nconf(conf, ctx, oid_cstr, RSTRING_PTR(valstr));
     X509V3_set_ctx_nodb(ctx);
     if (!ext){
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "%"PRIsVALUE" = %"PRIsVALUE, oid, valstr);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "%"PRIsVALUE" = %"PRIsVALUE, oid, valstr);
     }
     SetX509Ext(obj, ext);
 
@@ -251,7 +247,7 @@ ossl_x509ext_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509Ext(klass);
     if(!(ext = X509_EXTENSION_new())){
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     }
     SetX509Ext(obj, ext);
 
@@ -279,14 +275,14 @@ ossl_x509ext_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Ext(self, ext);
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &oid, &value, &critical) == 1){
-	oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
-	StringValue(oid);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(oid);
-	x = d2i_X509_EXTENSION(&ext, &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid));
-	DATA_PTR(self) = ext;
-	if(!x)
-	    ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
-	return self;
+        oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
+        StringValue(oid);
+        p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(oid);
+        x = d2i_X509_EXTENSION(&ext, &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid));
+        DATA_PTR(self) = ext;
+        if(!x)
+            ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        return self;
     }
     rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("oid="), 1, oid);
     rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("value="), 1, value);
@@ -295,6 +291,7 @@ ossl_x509ext_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509ext_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -306,7 +303,7 @@ ossl_x509ext_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     ext_new = X509_EXTENSION_dup(ext_other);
     if (!ext_new)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_dup");
 
     SetX509Ext(self, ext_new);
     X509_EXTENSION_free(ext);
@@ -323,10 +320,10 @@ ossl_x509ext_set_oid(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
     GetX509Ext(self, ext);
     obj = OBJ_txt2obj(StringValueCStr(oid), 0);
     if (!obj)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "OBJ_txt2obj");
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "OBJ_txt2obj");
     if (!X509_EXTENSION_set_object(ext, obj)) {
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_set_object");
+        ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_set_object");
     }
     ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
 
@@ -342,12 +339,20 @@ ossl_x509ext_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE data)
     GetX509Ext(self, ext);
     data = ossl_to_der_if_possible(data);
     StringValue(data);
-    asn1s = X509_EXTENSION_get_data(ext);
 
+    asn1s = ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new();
+    if (!asn1s)
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new");
     if (!ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(asn1s, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(data),
-			       RSTRING_LENINT(data))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set");
+                               RSTRING_LENINT(data))) {
+        ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(asn1s);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set");
     }
+    if (!X509_EXTENSION_set_data(ext, asn1s)) {
+        ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(asn1s);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "X509_EXTENSION_set_data");
+    }
+    ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(asn1s);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -363,27 +368,20 @@ ossl_x509ext_set_critical(VALUE self, VALUE flag)
     return flag;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ext.oid -> string
+ *
+ * Returns the OID of the extension. Returns the short name or the dotted
+ * decimal notation.
+ */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509ext_get_oid(VALUE obj)
 {
     X509_EXTENSION *ext;
-    ASN1_OBJECT *extobj;
-    BIO *out;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int nid;
 
     GetX509Ext(obj, ext);
-    extobj = X509_EXTENSION_get_object(ext);
-    if ((nid = OBJ_obj2nid(extobj)) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-    else{
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-	    ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
-	i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, extobj);
-	ret = ossl_membio2str(out);
-    }
-
-    return ret;
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string(X509_EXTENSION_get_object(ext));
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -395,9 +393,9 @@ ossl_x509ext_get_value(VALUE obj)
 
     GetX509Ext(obj, ext);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     if (!X509V3_EXT_print(out, ext, 0, 0))
-	ASN1_STRING_print(out, (ASN1_STRING *)X509_EXTENSION_get_data(ext));
+        ASN1_STRING_print(out, X509_EXTENSION_get_data(ext));
     ret = ossl_membio2str(out);
 
     return ret;
@@ -407,13 +405,13 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509ext_get_value_der(VALUE obj)
 {
     X509_EXTENSION *ext;
-    ASN1_OCTET_STRING *value;
+    const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *value;
 
     GetX509Ext(obj, ext);
     if ((value = X509_EXTENSION_get_data(ext)) == NULL)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
 
-    return rb_str_new((const char *)value->data, value->length);
+    return asn1str_to_str(value);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -435,11 +433,11 @@ ossl_x509ext_to_der(VALUE obj)
 
     GetX509Ext(obj, ext);
     if((len = i2d_X509_EXTENSION(ext, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_X509_EXTENSION(ext, &p) < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -452,12 +450,6 @@ void
 Init_ossl_x509ext(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509ExtError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "ExtensionError", eOSSLError);
 
     cX509ExtFactory = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "ExtensionFactory", rb_cObject);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
index f8373c81d7..eb97b23c02 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
@@ -13,21 +13,21 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509name_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Name(obj, name) do { \
     if (!(name)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Name wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Name wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (name); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Name(obj, name) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_NAME, &ossl_x509name_type, (name)); \
     if (!(name)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Name wasn't initialized."); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Name wasn't initialized."); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
 #define OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE \
-  rb_const_get(cX509Name, rb_intern("OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE"))
+    rb_const_get(cX509Name, rb_intern("OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE"))
 #define DEFAULT_OBJECT_TYPE \
-  rb_const_get(cX509Name, rb_intern("DEFAULT_OBJECT_TYPE"))
+    rb_const_get(cX509Name, rb_intern("DEFAULT_OBJECT_TYPE"))
 
 /*
  * Classes
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ossl_x509name_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509name_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/NAME",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509name_free,
+        0, ossl_x509name_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -53,20 +53,16 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509name_type = {
  * Public
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_x509name_new(X509_NAME *name)
+ossl_x509name_new(const X509_NAME *name)
 {
     X509_NAME *new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509Name(cX509Name);
-    if (!name) {
-	new = X509_NAME_new();
-    } else {
-	new = X509_NAME_dup(name);
-    }
-    if (!new) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    new = X509_NAME_dup((X509_NAME *)name);
+    if (!new)
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_dup");
     SetX509Name(obj, new);
 
     return obj;
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ ossl_x509name_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509Name(klass);
     if (!(name = X509_NAME_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     }
     SetX509Name(obj, name);
 
@@ -150,33 +146,34 @@ ossl_x509name_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &template) == 0) {
-	return self;
+        return self;
     }
     else {
-	VALUE tmp = rb_check_array_type(arg);
-	if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-	    VALUE args;
-	    if(NIL_P(template)) template = OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE;
-	    args = rb_ary_new3(2, self, template);
-	    rb_block_call(tmp, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_x509name_init_i, args);
-	}
-	else{
-	    const unsigned char *p;
-	    VALUE str = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
-	    X509_NAME *x;
-	    StringValue(str);
-	    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	    x = d2i_X509_NAME(&name, &p, RSTRING_LEN(str));
-	    DATA_PTR(self) = name;
-	    if(!x){
-		ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
-	    }
-	}
+        VALUE tmp = rb_check_array_type(arg);
+        if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+            VALUE args;
+            if(NIL_P(template)) template = OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE;
+            args = rb_ary_new3(2, self, template);
+            rb_block_call(tmp, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_x509name_init_i, args);
+        }
+        else{
+            const unsigned char *p;
+            VALUE str = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
+            X509_NAME *x;
+            StringValue(str);
+            p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
+            x = d2i_X509_NAME(&name, &p, RSTRING_LEN(str));
+            DATA_PTR(self) = name;
+            if(!x){
+                ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ ossl_x509name_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     name_new = X509_NAME_dup(name_other);
     if (!name_new)
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_dup");
 
     SetX509Name(self, name_new);
     X509_NAME_free(name);
@@ -225,8 +222,8 @@ VALUE ossl_x509name_add_entry(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     int loc = -1, set = 0;
 
     if (!kwargs_ids[0]) {
-	kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("loc");
-	kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("set");
+        kwargs_ids[0] = rb_intern_const("loc");
+        kwargs_ids[1] = rb_intern_const("set");
     }
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21:", &oid, &value, &type, &opts);
     rb_get_kwargs(opts, kwargs_ids, 0, 2, kwargs);
@@ -234,14 +231,14 @@ VALUE ossl_x509name_add_entry(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     StringValue(value);
     if(NIL_P(type)) type = rb_aref(OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE, oid);
     if (kwargs[0] != Qundef)
-	loc = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
+        loc = NUM2INT(kwargs[0]);
     if (kwargs[1] != Qundef)
-	set = NUM2INT(kwargs[1]);
+        set = NUM2INT(kwargs[1]);
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, oid_name, NUM2INT(type),
-				    (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(value),
-				    RSTRING_LENINT(value), loc, set))
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt");
+                                    (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(value),
+                                    RSTRING_LENINT(value), loc, set))
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt");
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -254,7 +251,7 @@ ossl_x509name_to_s_old(VALUE self)
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     buf = X509_NAME_oneline(name, NULL, 0);
     if (!buf)
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_oneline");
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_oneline");
     return ossl_buf2str(buf, rb_long2int(strlen(buf)));
 }
 
@@ -268,11 +265,11 @@ x509name_print(VALUE self, unsigned long iflag)
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
     if (!out)
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     ret = X509_NAME_print_ex(out, name, 0, iflag);
     if (ret < 0 || (iflag == XN_FLAG_COMPAT && ret == 0)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_print_ex");
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_print_ex");
     }
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
 }
@@ -306,9 +303,9 @@ ossl_x509name_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
     /* name.to_s(nil) was allowed */
     if (!argc || NIL_P(argv[0]))
-	return ossl_x509name_to_s_old(self);
+        return ossl_x509name_to_s_old(self);
     else
-	return x509name_print(self, NUM2ULONG(argv[0]));
+        return x509name_print(self, NUM2ULONG(argv[0]));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -331,7 +328,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_inspect(VALUE self)
 {
     return rb_enc_sprintf(rb_utf8_encoding(), "#<%"PRIsVALUE" %"PRIsVALUE">",
-			  rb_obj_class(self), ossl_x509name_to_utf8(self));
+                          rb_obj_class(self), ossl_x509name_to_utf8(self));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -345,34 +342,22 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_to_a(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_NAME *name;
-    X509_NAME_ENTRY *entry;
-    int i,entries,nid;
-    char long_name[512];
-    const char *short_name;
-    VALUE ary, vname, ret;
-    ASN1_STRING *value;
+    int entries;
+    VALUE ret;
 
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     entries = X509_NAME_entry_count(name);
     ret = rb_ary_new_capa(entries);
-    for (i=0; i<entries; i++) {
-	if (!(entry = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, i))) {
-	    ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
-	}
-	if (!i2t_ASN1_OBJECT(long_name, sizeof(long_name),
-			     X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(entry))) {
-	    ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
-	}
-	nid = OBJ_ln2nid(long_name);
-	if (nid == NID_undef) {
-	    vname = rb_str_new2((const char *) &long_name);
-	} else {
-	    short_name = OBJ_nid2sn(nid);
-	    vname = rb_str_new2(short_name); /*do not free*/
-	}
-	value = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(entry);
-	ary = rb_ary_new3(3, vname, asn1str_to_str(value), INT2NUM(value->type));
-	rb_ary_push(ret, ary);
+    for (int i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+        const X509_NAME_ENTRY *entry = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, i);
+        if (!entry)
+            ossl_raise(eX509NameError, "X509_NAME_get_entry");
+        const ASN1_OBJECT *obj = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(entry);
+        VALUE vname = ossl_asn1obj_to_string(obj);
+        const ASN1_STRING *data = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(entry);
+        VALUE vdata = asn1str_to_str(data);
+        VALUE type = INT2NUM(ASN1_STRING_type(data));
+        rb_ary_push(ret, rb_ary_new_from_args(3, vname, vdata, type));
     }
     return ret;
 }
@@ -381,11 +366,17 @@ static int
 ossl_x509name_cmp0(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     X509_NAME *name1, *name2;
+    int result;
 
     GetX509Name(self, name1);
     GetX509Name(other, name2);
 
-    return X509_NAME_cmp(name1, name2);
+    result = X509_NAME_cmp(name1, name2);
+    if (result == -2) {
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -403,7 +394,7 @@ ossl_x509name_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     int result;
 
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cX509Name))
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     result = ossl_x509name_cmp0(self, other);
     if (result < 0) return INT2FIX(-1);
@@ -422,7 +413,7 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cX509Name))
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
 
     return ossl_x509name_cmp0(self, other) == 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
@@ -482,11 +473,11 @@ ossl_x509name_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Name(self, name);
     if((len = i2d_X509_NAME(name, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if(i2d_X509_NAME(name, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -512,12 +503,6 @@ Init_ossl_x509name(void)
 #undef rb_intern
     VALUE utf8str, ptrstr, ia5str, hash;
 
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     id_aref = rb_intern("[]");
     eX509NameError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "NameError", eOSSLError);
     cX509Name = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "Name", rb_cObject);
@@ -556,6 +541,7 @@ Init_ossl_x509name(void)
     rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("DC"), ia5str);
     rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("domainComponent"), ia5str);
     rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("emailAddress"), ia5str);
+    rb_obj_freeze(hash);
 
     /*
      * The default object type template for name entries.
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
index d9a7b6bfc9..ad5dd08033 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509req_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Req(obj, req) do { \
     if (!(req)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Req wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Req wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (req); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Req(obj, req) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_REQ, &ossl_x509req_type, (req)); \
     if (!(req)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Req wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Req wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ossl_x509req_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509req_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/REQ",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509req_free,
+        0, ossl_x509req_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ ossl_x509req_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509Req(klass);
     if (!(req = X509_REQ_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
     SetX509Req(obj, req);
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ ossl_x509req_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_check_frozen(self);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
-	return self;
+        return self;
     }
     arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
     in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ ossl_x509req_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509req_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ ossl_x509req_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     GetX509Req(self, a);
     GetX509Req(other, b);
     if (!(req = X509_REQ_dup(b))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
     X509_REQ_free(a);
     DATA_PTR(self) = req;
@@ -129,11 +130,11 @@ ossl_x509req_to_pem(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
     if (!PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(out, req)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -149,11 +150,11 @@ ossl_x509req_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if ((len = i2d_X509_REQ(req, NULL)) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_X509_REQ(req, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -167,11 +168,11 @@ ossl_x509req_to_text(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
     if (!X509_REQ_print(out, req)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        BIO_free(out);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_membio2str(out);
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ ossl_x509req_to_x509(VALUE self, VALUE days, VALUE key)
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     ...
     if (!(x509 = X509_REQ_to_X509(req, d, pkey))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_x509_new(x509);
@@ -216,11 +217,11 @@ ossl_x509req_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
     long ver;
 
     if ((ver = NUM2LONG(version)) < 0) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "version must be >= 0!");
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "version must be >= 0!");
     }
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!X509_REQ_set_version(req, ver)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_set_version");
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_set_version");
     }
 
     return version;
@@ -230,11 +231,11 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509req_get_subject(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_REQ *req;
-    X509_NAME *name;
+    const X509_NAME *name;
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!(name = X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req))) { /* NO DUP - don't free */
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ossl_x509name_new(name);
@@ -248,33 +249,32 @@ ossl_x509req_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     /* DUPs name */
     if (!X509_REQ_set_subject_name(req, GetX509NamePtr(subject))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return subject;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    req.signature_algorithm -> string
+ *
+ * Returns the signature algorithm used to sign this request.
+ *
+ * Returns the long name of the signature algorithm, or the dotted decimal
+ * notation if \OpenSSL does not define a long name for it.
+ */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509req_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_REQ *req;
     const X509_ALGOR *alg;
     const ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
-    BIO *out;
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
-
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
-    }
     X509_REQ_get0_signature(req, NULL, &alg);
     X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, alg);
-    if (!i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(out, obj)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
-    }
-
-    return ossl_membio2str(out);
+    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(obj);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -285,10 +285,10 @@ ossl_x509req_get_public_key(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!(pkey = X509_REQ_get_pubkey(req))) { /* adds reference */
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
-    return ossl_pkey_new(pkey); /* NO DUP - OK */
+    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ ossl_x509req_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     if (!X509_REQ_set_pubkey(req, pkey))
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_set_pubkey");
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_set_pubkey");
     return key;
 }
 
@@ -311,17 +311,14 @@ ossl_x509req_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
     X509_REQ *req;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
     const EVP_MD *md;
+    VALUE md_holder;
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
-    if (NIL_P(digest)) {
-        md = NULL; /* needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
-    } else {
-        md = ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest);
-    }
-    if (!X509_REQ_sign(req, pkey, md)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* NULL needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
+    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
+    if (!X509_REQ_sign(req, pkey, md))
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_sign");
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -340,12 +337,12 @@ ossl_x509req_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
     switch (X509_REQ_verify(req, pkey)) {
       case 1:
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
       case 0:
-	ossl_clear_error();
-	return Qfalse;
+        ossl_clear_error();
+        return Qfalse;
       default:
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 }
 
@@ -354,20 +351,20 @@ ossl_x509req_get_attributes(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_REQ *req;
     int count, i;
-    X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr;
+    const X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr;
     VALUE ary;
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
 
     count = X509_REQ_get_attr_count(req);
     if (count < 0) {
-	OSSL_Debug("count < 0???");
-	return rb_ary_new();
+        OSSL_Debug("count < 0???");
+        return rb_ary_new();
     }
     ary = rb_ary_new2(count);
     for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-	attr = X509_REQ_get_attr(req, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509attr_new(attr));
+        attr = X509_REQ_get_attr(req, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509attr_new(attr));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -383,17 +380,17 @@ ossl_x509req_set_attributes(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     for (i=0;i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Attr);
+        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Attr);
     }
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     for (i = X509_REQ_get_attr_count(req); i > 0; i--)
         X509_ATTRIBUTE_free(X509_REQ_delete_attr(req, 0));
     for (i=0;i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-	attr = GetX509AttrPtr(item);
-	if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr(req, attr)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_add1_attr");
-	}
+        item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        attr = GetX509AttrPtr(item);
+        if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr(req, attr)) {
+            ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, "X509_REQ_add1_attr");
+        }
     }
     return ary;
 }
@@ -405,7 +402,7 @@ ossl_x509req_add_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE attr)
 
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr(req, GetX509AttrPtr(attr))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     }
 
     return attr;
@@ -417,12 +414,6 @@ ossl_x509req_add_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE attr)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509req(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509ReqError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "RequestError", eOSSLError);
 
     cX509Req = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "Request", rb_cObject);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
index 57aa79545a..0151961e9f 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509rev_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Rev(obj, rev) do { \
     if (!(rev)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "REV wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "REV wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (rev); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Rev(obj, rev) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_REVOKED, &ossl_x509rev_type, (rev)); \
     if (!(rev)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "REV wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "REV wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ossl_x509rev_free(void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509rev_type = {
     "OpenSSL/X509/REV",
     {
-	0, ossl_x509rev_free,
+        0, ossl_x509rev_free,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
@@ -48,20 +48,16 @@ static const rb_data_type_t ossl_x509rev_type = {
  * PUBLIC
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_x509revoked_new(X509_REVOKED *rev)
+ossl_x509revoked_new(const X509_REVOKED *rev)
 {
     X509_REVOKED *new;
     VALUE obj;
 
     obj = NewX509Rev(cX509Rev);
-    if (!rev) {
-	new = X509_REVOKED_new();
-    } else {
-	new = X509_REVOKED_dup(rev);
-    }
-    if (!new) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
-    }
+    /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 takes a non-const pointer */
+    new = X509_REVOKED_dup((X509_REVOKED *)rev);
+    if (!new)
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_dup");
     SetX509Rev(obj, new);
 
     return obj;
@@ -74,7 +70,7 @@ DupX509RevokedPtr(VALUE obj)
 
     GetX509Rev(obj, rev);
     if (!(new = X509_REVOKED_dup(rev))) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
     }
 
     return new;
@@ -91,7 +87,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked_alloc(VALUE klass)
 
     obj = NewX509Rev(klass);
     if (!(rev = X509_REVOKED_new())) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
     }
     SetX509Rev(obj, rev);
 
@@ -105,6 +101,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509revoked_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -116,7 +113,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
     rev_new = X509_REVOKED_dup(rev_other);
     if (!rev_new)
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_dup");
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_dup");
 
     SetX509Rev(self, rev_new);
     X509_REVOKED_free(rev);
@@ -143,8 +140,8 @@ ossl_x509revoked_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     asn1int = num_to_asn1integer(num, NULL);
     if (!X509_REVOKED_set_serialNumber(rev, asn1int)) {
-	ASN1_INTEGER_free(asn1int);
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_set_serialNumber");
+        ASN1_INTEGER_free(asn1int);
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_set_serialNumber");
     }
     ASN1_INTEGER_free(asn1int);
 
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked_get_time(VALUE self)
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     time = X509_REVOKED_get0_revocationDate(rev);
     if (!time)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return asn1time_to_time(time);
 }
@@ -174,8 +171,8 @@ ossl_x509revoked_set_time(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
     if (!X509_REVOKED_set_revocationDate(rev, asn1time)) {
-	ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_set_revocationDate");
+        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_set_revocationDate");
     }
     ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
 
@@ -189,15 +186,15 @@ ossl_x509revoked_get_extensions(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_REVOKED *rev;
     int count, i;
-    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
+    const X509_EXTENSION *ext;
     VALUE ary;
 
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     count = X509_REVOKED_get_ext_count(rev);
     ary = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
     for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-	ext = X509_REVOKED_get_ext(rev, i);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
+        ext = X509_REVOKED_get_ext(rev, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -216,17 +213,17 @@ ossl_x509revoked_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
+        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     for (i = X509_REVOKED_get_ext_count(rev); i > 0; i--)
         X509_EXTENSION_free(X509_REVOKED_delete_ext(rev, 0));
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-	ext = GetX509ExtPtr(item);
-	if(!X509_REVOKED_add_ext(rev, ext, -1)) {
-	    ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_add_ext");
-	}
+        item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        ext = GetX509ExtPtr(item);
+        if(!X509_REVOKED_add_ext(rev, ext, -1)) {
+            ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "X509_REVOKED_add_ext");
+        }
     }
 
     return ary;
@@ -239,7 +236,7 @@ ossl_x509revoked_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE ext)
 
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     if (!X509_REVOKED_add_ext(rev, GetX509ExtPtr(ext), -1)) {
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
     }
 
     return ext;
@@ -256,11 +253,11 @@ ossl_x509revoked_to_der(VALUE self)
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     len = i2d_X509_REVOKED(rev, NULL);
     if (len <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "i2d_X509_REVOKED");
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "i2d_X509_REVOKED");
     str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
     p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
     if (i2d_X509_REVOKED(rev, &p) <= 0)
-	ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "i2d_X509_REVOKED");
+        ossl_raise(eX509RevError, "i2d_X509_REVOKED");
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
     return str;
 }
@@ -271,12 +268,6 @@ ossl_x509revoked_to_der(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_x509revoked(void)
 {
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     eX509RevError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "RevokedError", eOSSLError);
 
     cX509Rev = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "Revoked", rb_cObject);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
index 18acdc8ad0..9e43336c44 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509store_type, 0)
 #define SetX509Store(obj, st) do { \
     if (!(st)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (st); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509Store(obj, st) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_STORE, &ossl_x509store_type, (st)); \
     if (!(st)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@
     TypedData_Wrap_Struct((klass), &ossl_x509stctx_type, 0)
 #define SetX509StCtx(obj, ctx) do { \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE_CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE_CTX wasn't initialized!"); \
     } \
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = (ctx); \
 } while (0)
 #define GetX509StCtx(obj, ctx) do { \
     TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), X509_STORE_CTX, &ossl_x509stctx_type, (ctx)); \
     if (!(ctx)) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE_CTX is out of scope!"); \
+        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "STORE_CTX is out of scope!"); \
     } \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ call_verify_cb_proc(VALUE arg)
 {
     struct ossl_verify_cb_args *args = (struct ossl_verify_cb_args *)arg;
     return rb_funcall(args->proc, rb_intern("call"), 2,
-		      args->preverify_ok, args->store_ctx);
+                      args->preverify_ok, args->store_ctx);
 }
 
 int
@@ -73,33 +73,33 @@ ossl_verify_cb_call(VALUE proc, int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
     int state;
 
     if (NIL_P(proc))
-	return ok;
+        return ok;
 
     ret = Qfalse;
     rctx = rb_protect(ossl_x509stctx_new_i, (VALUE)ctx, &state);
     if (state) {
-	rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
-	rb_warn("StoreContext initialization failure");
+        rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+        rb_warn("StoreContext initialization failure");
     }
     else {
-	args.proc = proc;
-	args.preverify_ok = ok ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-	args.store_ctx = rctx;
-	ret = rb_protect(call_verify_cb_proc, (VALUE)&args, &state);
-	if (state) {
-	    rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
-	    rb_warn("exception in verify_callback is ignored");
-	}
-	RTYPEDDATA_DATA(rctx) = NULL;
+        args.proc = proc;
+        args.preverify_ok = ok ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+        args.store_ctx = rctx;
+        ret = rb_protect(call_verify_cb_proc, (VALUE)&args, &state);
+        if (state) {
+            rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+            rb_warn("exception in verify_callback is ignored");
+        }
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(rctx) = NULL;
     }
     if (ret == Qtrue) {
-	X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_OK);
-	ok = 1;
+        X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_OK);
+        ok = 1;
     }
     else {
-	if (X509_STORE_CTX_get_error(ctx) == X509_V_OK)
-	    X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED);
-	ok = 0;
+        if (X509_STORE_CTX_get_error(ctx) == X509_V_OK)
+            X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED);
+        ok = 0;
     }
 
     return ok;
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ x509store_verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
 
     proc = (VALUE)X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx);
     if (!proc)
-	proc = (VALUE)X509_STORE_get_ex_data(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_store(ctx),
-					     store_ex_verify_cb_idx);
+        proc = (VALUE)X509_STORE_get_ex_data(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_store(ctx),
+                                             store_ex_verify_cb_idx);
     if (!proc)
-	return ok;
+        return ok;
 
     return ossl_verify_cb_call(proc, ok, ctx);
 }
@@ -190,9 +190,10 @@ ossl_x509store_set_vfy_cb(VALUE self, VALUE cb)
     X509_STORE *store;
 
     GetX509Store(self, store);
+    if (!X509_STORE_set_ex_data(store, store_ex_verify_cb_idx, (void *)cb))
+        ossl_raise(eX509StoreError, "X509_STORE_set_ex_data");
     rb_iv_set(self, "@verify_callback", cb);
-    // We don't need to trigger a write barrier because `rb_iv_set` did it.
-    X509_STORE_set_ex_data(store, store_ex_verify_cb_idx, (void *)cb);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, cb);
 
     return cb;
 }
@@ -484,7 +485,7 @@ ossl_x509store_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &cert, &chain);
     ctx = rb_funcall(cX509StoreContext, rb_intern("new"), 3, self, cert, chain);
     proc = rb_block_given_p() ?  rb_block_proc() :
-	   rb_iv_get(self, "@verify_callback");
+           rb_iv_get(self, "@verify_callback");
     rb_iv_set(ctx, "@verify_callback", proc);
     result = rb_funcall(ctx, rb_intern("verify"), 0);
 
@@ -512,10 +513,8 @@ static void
 ossl_x509stctx_free(void *ptr)
 {
     X509_STORE_CTX *ctx = ptr;
-    if (X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(ctx))
-	sk_X509_pop_free(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(ctx), X509_free);
-    if (X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert(ctx))
-	X509_free(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert(ctx));
+    sk_X509_pop_free(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(ctx), X509_free);
+    X509_free((X509 *)X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert(ctx));
     X509_STORE_CTX_free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -610,7 +609,9 @@ ossl_x509stctx_verify(VALUE self)
 
     GetX509StCtx(self, ctx);
     VALUE cb = rb_iv_get(self, "@verify_callback");
-    X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx, (void *)cb);
+    if (!X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx, (void *)cb))
+        ossl_raise(eX509StoreError, "X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data");
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(self, Qundef, cb);
 
     switch (X509_verify_cert(ctx)) {
       case 1:
@@ -735,10 +736,14 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509stctx_get_curr_cert(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_STORE_CTX *ctx;
+    const X509 *x509;
 
     GetX509StCtx(self, ctx);
+    x509 = X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx);
+    if (!x509)
+        return Qnil;
 
-    return ossl_x509_new(X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx));
+    return ossl_x509_new(x509);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -753,12 +758,12 @@ static VALUE
 ossl_x509stctx_get_curr_crl(VALUE self)
 {
     X509_STORE_CTX *ctx;
-    X509_CRL *crl;
+    const X509_CRL *crl;
 
     GetX509StCtx(self, ctx);
     crl = X509_STORE_CTX_get0_current_crl(ctx);
     if (!crl)
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
 
     return ossl_x509crl_new(crl);
 }
@@ -854,19 +859,13 @@ void
 Init_ossl_x509store(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-    mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
     /* Register ext_data slot for verify callback Proc */
     stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx", 0, 0, 0);
     if (stctx_ex_verify_cb_idx < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
     store_ex_verify_cb_idx = X509_STORE_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"store_ex_verify_cb_idx", 0, 0, 0);
     if (store_ex_verify_cb_idx < 0)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "X509_STORE_get_ex_new_index");
+        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "X509_STORE_get_ex_new_index");
 
     eX509StoreError = rb_define_class_under(mX509, "StoreError", eOSSLError);
 
diff --git a/ext/pathname/depend b/ext/pathname/depend
deleted file mode 100644
index cca7877dad..0000000000
--- a/ext/pathname/depend
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES START
-pathname.o: $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
-pathname.o: $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/assert.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/encoding.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/abi.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/double.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/int.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/short.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/assume.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/cold.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/const.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/constexpr.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/error.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nodiscard.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/pure.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/warning.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/attr/weakref.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/cast.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/apple.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/clang.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/intel.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/compiler_since.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/config.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/constant_p.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rbignum.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/ctype.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dllexport.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/dosish.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/ctype.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/encoding.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/pathname.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/re.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/sprintf.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/symbol.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/encoding/transcode.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/error.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/eval.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/event.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/gc.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/glob.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/globals.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/attribute.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/builtin.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/c_attribute.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/extension.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/feature.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/has/warning.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/array.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/class.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/compar.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/dir.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enum.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/error.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/eval.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/io.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/load.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/marshal.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/numeric.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/parse.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/process.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/random.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/range.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/rational.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/struct.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/time.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/interpreter.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/iterator.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/memory.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/method.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/module.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/newobj.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/special_consts.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdalign.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/stdckdint.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/symbol.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/value_type.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/variable.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/onigmo.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
-pathname.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
-pathname.o: pathname.c
-# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/pathname/extconf.rb b/ext/pathname/extconf.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b4e1617b9e..0000000000
--- a/ext/pathname/extconf.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: false
-require 'mkmf'
-create_makefile('pathname')
diff --git a/ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb b/ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 35fd778561..0000000000
--- a/ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,621 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-#
-# = pathname.rb
-#
-# Object-Oriented Pathname Class
-#
-# Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
-# Documentation:: Author and Gavin Sinclair
-#
-# For documentation, see class Pathname.
-#
-
-require 'pathname.so'
-
-class Pathname
-
-  VERSION = "0.4.0"
-
-  # :stopdoc:
-
-  # to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.
-  TO_PATH = :to_path
-
-  SAME_PATHS = if File::FNM_SYSCASE.nonzero?
-    # Avoid #zero? here because #casecmp can return nil.
-    proc {|a, b| a.casecmp(b) == 0}
-  else
-    proc {|a, b| a == b}
-  end
-
-
-  if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
-    SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::ALT_SEPARATOR}#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}"
-    SEPARATOR_PAT = /[#{SEPARATOR_LIST}]/
-  else
-    SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}"
-    SEPARATOR_PAT = /#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}/
-  end
-
-  if File.dirname('A:') == 'A:.' # DOSish drive letter
-    ABSOLUTE_PATH = /\A(?:[A-Za-z]:|#{SEPARATOR_PAT})/o
-  else
-    ABSOLUTE_PATH = /\A#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o
-  end
-  private_constant :ABSOLUTE_PATH
-
-  # :startdoc:
-
-  # chop_basename(path) -> [pre-basename, basename] or nil
-  def chop_basename(path) # :nodoc:
-    base = File.basename(path)
-    if /\A#{SEPARATOR_PAT}?\z/o.match?(base)
-      return nil
-    else
-      return path[0, path.rindex(base)], base
-    end
-  end
-  private :chop_basename
-
-  # split_names(path) -> prefix, [name, ...]
-  def split_names(path) # :nodoc:
-    names = []
-    while r = chop_basename(path)
-      path, basename = r
-      names.unshift basename
-    end
-    return path, names
-  end
-  private :split_names
-
-  def prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) # :nodoc:
-    if relpath.empty?
-      File.dirname(prefix)
-    elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(prefix)
-      prefix = File.dirname(prefix)
-      prefix = File.join(prefix, "") if File.basename(prefix + 'a') != 'a'
-      prefix + relpath
-    else
-      prefix + relpath
-    end
-  end
-  private :prepend_prefix
-
-  # Returns clean pathname of +self+ with consecutive slashes and useless dots
-  # removed.  The filesystem is not accessed.
-  #
-  # If +consider_symlink+ is +true+, then a more conservative algorithm is used
-  # to avoid breaking symbolic linkages.  This may retain more +..+
-  # entries than absolutely necessary, but without accessing the filesystem,
-  # this can't be avoided.
-  #
-  # See Pathname#realpath.
-  #
-  def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false)
-    if consider_symlink
-      cleanpath_conservative
-    else
-      cleanpath_aggressive
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Clean the path simply by resolving and removing excess +.+ and +..+ entries.
-  # Nothing more, nothing less.
-  #
-  def cleanpath_aggressive # :nodoc:
-    path = @path
-    names = []
-    pre = path
-    while r = chop_basename(pre)
-      pre, base = r
-      case base
-      when '.'
-      when '..'
-        names.unshift base
-      else
-        if names[0] == '..'
-          names.shift
-        else
-          names.unshift base
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
-    if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(pre))
-      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
-    end
-    self.class.new(prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names)))
-  end
-  private :cleanpath_aggressive
-
-  # has_trailing_separator?(path) -> bool
-  def has_trailing_separator?(path) # :nodoc:
-    if r = chop_basename(path)
-      pre, basename = r
-      pre.length + basename.length < path.length
-    else
-      false
-    end
-  end
-  private :has_trailing_separator?
-
-  # add_trailing_separator(path) -> path
-  def add_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
-    if File.basename(path + 'a') == 'a'
-      path
-    else
-      File.join(path, "") # xxx: Is File.join is appropriate to add separator?
-    end
-  end
-  private :add_trailing_separator
-
-  def del_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
-    if r = chop_basename(path)
-      pre, basename = r
-      pre + basename
-    elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}+\z/o =~ path
-      $` + File.dirname(path)[/#{SEPARATOR_PAT}*\z/o]
-    else
-      path
-    end
-  end
-  private :del_trailing_separator
-
-  def cleanpath_conservative # :nodoc:
-    path = @path
-    names = []
-    pre = path
-    while r = chop_basename(pre)
-      pre, base = r
-      names.unshift base if base != '.'
-    end
-    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
-    if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(pre))
-      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
-    end
-    if names.empty?
-      self.class.new(File.dirname(pre))
-    else
-      if names.last != '..' && File.basename(path) == '.'
-        names << '.'
-      end
-      result = prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names))
-      if /\A(?:\.|\.\.)\z/ !~ names.last && has_trailing_separator?(path)
-        self.class.new(add_trailing_separator(result))
-      else
-        self.class.new(result)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  private :cleanpath_conservative
-
-  # Returns the parent directory.
-  #
-  # This is same as <code>self + '..'</code>.
-  def parent
-    self + '..'
-  end
-
-  # Returns +true+ if +self+ points to a mountpoint.
-  def mountpoint?
-    begin
-      stat1 = self.lstat
-      stat2 = self.parent.lstat
-      stat1.dev != stat2.dev || stat1.ino == stat2.ino
-    rescue Errno::ENOENT
-      false
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Predicate method for root directories.  Returns +true+ if the
-  # pathname consists of consecutive slashes.
-  #
-  # It doesn't access the filesystem.  So it may return +false+ for some
-  # pathnames which points to roots such as <tt>/usr/..</tt>.
-  #
-  def root?
-    chop_basename(@path) == nil && /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(@path)
-  end
-
-  # Predicate method for testing whether a path is absolute.
-  #
-  # It returns +true+ if the pathname begins with a slash.
-  #
-  #   p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
-  #   p.absolute?
-  #       #=> true
-  #
-  #   p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
-  #   p.absolute?
-  #       #=> false
-  def absolute?
-    ABSOLUTE_PATH.match? @path
-  end
-
-  # The opposite of Pathname#absolute?
-  #
-  # It returns +false+ if the pathname begins with a slash.
-  #
-  #   p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
-  #   p.relative?
-  #       #=> false
-  #
-  #   p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
-  #   p.relative?
-  #       #=> true
-  def relative?
-    !absolute?
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Iterates over each component of the path.
-  #
-  #   Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename {|filename| ... }
-  #     # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".
-  #
-  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
-  #
-  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename
-  #     # ... do stuff ...
-  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
-  #     # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".
-  #
-  def each_filename # :yield: filename
-    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
-    _, names = split_names(@path)
-    names.each {|filename| yield filename }
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object
-  # for each element in the given path in descending order.
-  #
-  #  Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
-  #     #<Pathname:/>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
-  #
-  #  Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
-  #     #<Pathname:path>
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to>
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some>
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
-  #
-  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
-  #
-  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend
-  #     # ... do stuff ...
-  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
-  #     # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby.
-  #
-  # It doesn't access the filesystem.
-  #
-  def descend
-    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
-    vs = []
-    ascend {|v| vs << v }
-    vs.reverse_each {|v| yield v }
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object
-  # for each element in the given path in ascending order.
-  #
-  #  Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path/to>
-  #     #<Pathname:/path>
-  #     #<Pathname:/>
-  #
-  #  Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some>
-  #     #<Pathname:path/to>
-  #     #<Pathname:path>
-  #
-  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
-  #
-  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend
-  #     # ... do stuff ...
-  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
-  #     # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /.
-  #
-  # It doesn't access the filesystem.
-  #
-  def ascend
-    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
-    path = @path
-    yield self
-    while r = chop_basename(path)
-      path, = r
-      break if path.empty?
-      yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path))
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Appends a pathname fragment to +self+ to produce a new Pathname object.
-  # Since +other+ is considered as a path relative to +self+, if +other+ is
-  # an absolute path, the new Pathname object is created from just +other+.
-  #
-  #   p1 = Pathname.new("/usr")      # Pathname:/usr
-  #   p2 = p1 + "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
-  #   p3 = p1 + "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd
-  #
-  #   # / is aliased to +.
-  #   p4 = p1 / "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
-  #   p5 = p1 / "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd
-  #
-  # This method doesn't access the file system; it is pure string manipulation.
-  #
-  def +(other)
-    other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other
-    Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.to_s))
-  end
-  alias / +
-
-  def plus(path1, path2) # -> path # :nodoc:
-    prefix2 = path2
-    index_list2 = []
-    basename_list2 = []
-    while r2 = chop_basename(prefix2)
-      prefix2, basename2 = r2
-      index_list2.unshift prefix2.length
-      basename_list2.unshift basename2
-    end
-    return path2 if prefix2 != ''
-    prefix1 = path1
-    while true
-      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '.'
-        index_list2.shift
-        basename_list2.shift
-      end
-      break unless r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
-      prefix1, basename1 = r1
-      next if basename1 == '.'
-      if basename1 == '..' || basename_list2.empty? || basename_list2.first != '..'
-        prefix1 = prefix1 + basename1
-        break
-      end
-      index_list2.shift
-      basename_list2.shift
-    end
-    r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
-    if !r1 && (r1 = /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(prefix1)))
-      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '..'
-        index_list2.shift
-        basename_list2.shift
-      end
-    end
-    if !basename_list2.empty?
-      suffix2 = path2[index_list2.first..-1]
-      r1 ? File.join(prefix1, suffix2) : prefix1 + suffix2
-    else
-      r1 ? prefix1 : File.dirname(prefix1)
-    end
-  end
-  private :plus
-
-  #
-  # Joins the given pathnames onto +self+ to create a new Pathname object.
-  # This is effectively the same as using Pathname#+ to append +self+ and
-  # all arguments sequentially.
-  #
-  #   path0 = Pathname.new("/usr")                # Pathname:/usr
-  #   path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby")              # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
-  #       # is the same as
-  #   path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby"   # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
-  #   path0 == path1
-  #       #=> true
-  #
-  def join(*args)
-    return self if args.empty?
-    result = args.pop
-    result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result
-    return result if result.absolute?
-    args.reverse_each {|arg|
-      arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg
-      result = arg + result
-      return result if result.absolute?
-    }
-    self + result
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Returns the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not
-  # recursive) as an array of Pathname objects.
-  #
-  # By default, the returned pathnames will have enough information to access
-  # the files. If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned
-  # pathnames will contain the filename only.
-  #
-  # For example:
-  #   pn = Pathname("/usr/lib/ruby/1.8")
-  #   pn.children
-  #       # -> [ Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/English.rb,
-  #              Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/Env.rb,
-  #              Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/abbrev.rb, ... ]
-  #   pn.children(false)
-  #       # -> [ Pathname:English.rb, Pathname:Env.rb, Pathname:abbrev.rb, ... ]
-  #
-  # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in
-  # the directory because they are not children.
-  #
-  def children(with_directory=true)
-    with_directory = false if @path == '.'
-    result = []
-    Dir.foreach(@path) {|e|
-      next if e == '.' || e == '..'
-      if with_directory
-        result << self.class.new(File.join(@path, e))
-      else
-        result << self.class.new(e)
-      end
-    }
-    result
-  end
-
-  # Iterates over the children of the directory
-  # (files and subdirectories, not recursive).
-  #
-  # It yields Pathname object for each child.
-  #
-  # By default, the yielded pathnames will have enough information to access
-  # the files.
-  #
-  # If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned pathnames will
-  # contain the filename only.
-  #
-  #   Pathname("/usr/local").each_child {|f| p f }
-  #   #=> #<Pathname:/usr/local/share>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/games>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/lib>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/include>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/sbin>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/src>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/man>
-  #
-  #   Pathname("/usr/local").each_child(false) {|f| p f }
-  #   #=> #<Pathname:share>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:bin>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:games>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:lib>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:include>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:sbin>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:src>
-  #   #   #<Pathname:man>
-  #
-  # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in
-  # the directory because they are not children.
-  #
-  # See Pathname#children
-  #
-  def each_child(with_directory=true, &b)
-    children(with_directory).each(&b)
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Returns a relative path from the given +base_directory+ to the receiver.
-  #
-  # If +self+ is absolute, then +base_directory+ must be absolute too.
-  #
-  # If +self+ is relative, then +base_directory+ must be relative too.
-  #
-  # This method doesn't access the filesystem.  It assumes no symlinks.
-  #
-  # ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path.
-  #
-  # Note that this method does not handle situations where the case sensitivity
-  # of the filesystem in use differs from the operating system default.
-  #
-  def relative_path_from(base_directory)
-    base_directory = Pathname.new(base_directory) unless base_directory.is_a? Pathname
-    dest_directory = self.cleanpath.to_s
-    base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.to_s
-    dest_prefix = dest_directory
-    dest_names = []
-    while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix)
-      dest_prefix, basename = r
-      dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
-    end
-    base_prefix = base_directory
-    base_names = []
-    while r = chop_basename(base_prefix)
-      base_prefix, basename = r
-      base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
-    end
-    unless SAME_PATHS[dest_prefix, base_prefix]
-      raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}"
-    end
-    while !dest_names.empty? &&
-          !base_names.empty? &&
-          SAME_PATHS[dest_names.first, base_names.first]
-      dest_names.shift
-      base_names.shift
-    end
-    if base_names.include? '..'
-      raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}"
-    end
-    base_names.fill('..')
-    relpath_names = base_names + dest_names
-    if relpath_names.empty?
-      Pathname.new('.')
-    else
-      Pathname.new(File.join(*relpath_names))
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-
-class Pathname    # * Find *
-  #
-  # Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a
-  # Pathname for each file under "this" directory.
-  #
-  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
-  #
-  # Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can
-  # be used to control the traversal.
-  #
-  # If +self+ is +.+, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the
-  # current directory, not +./+.
-  #
-  # See Find.find
-  #
-  def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname
-    return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given?
-    require 'find'
-    if @path == '.'
-      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f.delete_prefix('./')) }
-    else
-      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-
-class Pathname    # * FileUtils *
-  # Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don't yet
-  # exist.
-  #
-  # See FileUtils.mkpath and FileUtils.mkdir_p
-  def mkpath(mode: nil)
-    require 'fileutils'
-    FileUtils.mkpath(@path, mode: mode)
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.
-  #
-  # See FileUtils.rm_rf
-  def rmtree(noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
-    # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl.
-    # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree".
-    require 'fileutils'
-    FileUtils.rm_rf(@path, noop: noop, verbose: verbose, secure: secure)
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-class Pathname    # * tmpdir *
-  # Creates a tmp directory and wraps the returned path in a Pathname object.
-  #
-  # See Dir.mktmpdir
-  def self.mktmpdir
-    require 'tmpdir' unless defined?(Dir.mktmpdir)
-    if block_given?
-      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
-        dir = self.new(dir)
-        yield dir
-      end
-    else
-      self.new(Dir.mktmpdir)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/ext/pathname/pathname.c b/ext/pathname/pathname.c
deleted file mode 100644
index cdecb3f897..0000000000
--- a/ext/pathname/pathname.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1668 +0,0 @@
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
-
-static VALUE rb_cPathname;
-static ID id_ENOTDIR;
-static ID id_at_path;
-static ID id_atime;
-static ID id_base;
-static ID id_basename;
-static ID id_binread;
-static ID id_binwrite;
-static ID id_birthtime;
-static ID id_blockdev_p;
-static ID id_chardev_p;
-static ID id_chmod;
-static ID id_chown;
-static ID id_ctime;
-static ID id_directory_p;
-static ID id_dirname;
-static ID id_empty_p;
-static ID id_entries;
-static ID id_executable_p;
-static ID id_executable_real_p;
-static ID id_exist_p;
-static ID id_expand_path;
-static ID id_extname;
-static ID id_file_p;
-static ID id_fnmatch;
-static ID id_foreach;
-static ID id_ftype;
-static ID id_getwd;
-static ID id_glob;
-static ID id_grpowned_p;
-static ID id_lchmod;
-static ID id_lchown;
-static ID id_link;
-static ID id_lstat;
-static ID id_lutime;
-static ID id_mkdir;
-static ID id_mtime;
-static ID id_open;
-static ID id_owned_p;
-static ID id_pipe_p;
-static ID id_read;
-static ID id_readable_p;
-static ID id_readable_real_p;
-static ID id_readlines;
-static ID id_readlink;
-static ID id_realdirpath;
-static ID id_realpath;
-static ID id_rename;
-static ID id_rmdir;
-static ID id_setgid_p;
-static ID id_setuid_p;
-static ID id_size;
-static ID id_size_p;
-static ID id_socket_p;
-static ID id_split;
-static ID id_stat;
-static ID id_sticky_p;
-static ID id_sub;
-static ID id_symlink;
-static ID id_symlink_p;
-static ID id_sysopen;
-static ID id_to_path;
-static ID id_truncate;
-static ID id_unlink;
-static ID id_utime;
-static ID id_world_readable_p;
-static ID id_world_writable_p;
-static ID id_writable_p;
-static ID id_writable_real_p;
-static ID id_write;
-static ID id_zero_p;
-
-static VALUE
-get_strpath(VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE strpath;
-    strpath = rb_ivar_get(obj, id_at_path);
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(strpath, T_STRING))
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "unexpected @path");
-    return strpath;
-}
-
-static void
-set_strpath(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
-{
-    rb_ivar_set(obj, id_at_path, val);
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a Pathname object from the given String (or String-like object).
- * If +path+ contains a NULL character (<tt>\0</tt>), an ArgumentError is raised.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
-{
-    VALUE str;
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_STRING)) {
-        str = arg;
-    }
-    else {
-        str = rb_check_funcall(arg, id_to_path, 0, NULL);
-        if (str == Qundef)
-            str = arg;
-        StringValue(str);
-    }
-    if (memchr(RSTRING_PTR(str), '\0', RSTRING_LEN(str)))
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "pathname contains null byte");
-    str = rb_obj_dup(str);
-
-    set_strpath(self, str);
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.freeze -> obj
- *
- * Freezes this Pathname.
- *
- * See Object.freeze.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_freeze(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_call_super(0, 0);
-    rb_str_freeze(get_strpath(self));
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  Compare this pathname with +other+.  The comparison is string-based.
- *  Be aware that two different paths (<tt>foo.txt</tt> and <tt>./foo.txt</tt>)
- *  can refer to the same file.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
-{
-    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
-        return Qfalse;
-    return rb_str_equal(get_strpath(self), get_strpath(other));
-}
-
-/*
- *  Provides a case-sensitive comparison operator for pathnames.
- *
- *	Pathname.new('/usr') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
- *	    #=> -1
- *	Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
- *	    #=> 0
- *	Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/USR/BIN')
- *	    #=> 1
- *
- *  It will return +-1+, +0+ or +1+ depending on the value of the left argument
- *  relative to the right argument. Or it will return +nil+ if the arguments
- *  are not comparable.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
-{
-    VALUE s1, s2;
-    char *p1, *p2;
-    char *e1, *e2;
-    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
-        return Qnil;
-    s1 = get_strpath(self);
-    s2 = get_strpath(other);
-    p1 = RSTRING_PTR(s1);
-    p2 = RSTRING_PTR(s2);
-    e1 = p1 + RSTRING_LEN(s1);
-    e2 = p2 + RSTRING_LEN(s2);
-    while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
-        int c1, c2;
-        c1 = (unsigned char)*p1++;
-        c2 = (unsigned char)*p2++;
-        if (c1 == '/') c1 = '\0';
-        if (c2 == '/') c2 = '\0';
-        if (c1 != c2) {
-            if (c1 < c2)
-                return INT2FIX(-1);
-            else
-                return INT2FIX(1);
-        }
-    }
-    if (p1 < e1)
-        return INT2FIX(1);
-    if (p2 < e2)
-        return INT2FIX(-1);
-    return INT2FIX(0);
-}
-
-#ifndef ST2FIX
-#define ST2FIX(h) LONG2FIX((long)(h))
-#endif
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-path_hash(VALUE self)
-{
-    return ST2FIX(rb_str_hash(get_strpath(self)));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    pathname.to_s             -> string
- *    pathname.to_path          -> string
- *
- *  Return the path as a String.
- *
- *  to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_to_s(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_obj_dup(get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-path_inspect(VALUE self)
-{
-    const char *c = rb_obj_classname(self);
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    return rb_sprintf("#<%s:%"PRIsVALUE">", c, str);
-}
-
-/*
- * Return a pathname which is substituted by String#sub.
- *
- *	path1 = Pathname.new('/usr/bin/perl')
- *	path1.sub('perl', 'ruby')
- *	    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby>
- */
-static VALUE
-path_sub(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-        str = rb_block_call(str, id_sub, argc, argv, 0, 0);
-    }
-    else {
-        str = rb_funcallv(str, id_sub, argc, argv);
-    }
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Return a pathname with +repl+ added as a suffix to the basename.
- *
- * If self has no extension part, +repl+ is appended.
- *
- *	Pathname.new('/usr/bin/shutdown').sub_ext('.rb')
- *	    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/shutdown.rb>
- */
-static VALUE
-path_sub_ext(VALUE self, VALUE repl)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE str2;
-    long extlen;
-    const char *ext;
-    const char *p;
-
-    StringValue(repl);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    extlen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-    ext = ruby_enc_find_extname(p, &extlen, rb_enc_get(str));
-    if (ext == NULL) {
-        ext = p + RSTRING_LEN(str);
-    }
-    else if (extlen <= 1) {
-        ext += extlen;
-    }
-    str2 = rb_str_subseq(str, 0, ext-p);
-    rb_str_append(str2, repl);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str2, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/* Facade for File */
-
-/*
- * Returns the real (absolute) pathname for +self+ in the actual
- * filesystem.
- *
- * Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, +..+ and +.+.
- *
- * All components of the pathname must exist when this method is
- * called.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_realpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE basedir, str;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
-    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the real (absolute) pathname of +self+ in the actual filesystem.
- *
- * Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, +..+ and +.+.
- *
- * The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_realdirpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE basedir, str;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
-    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realdirpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.each_line {|line| ... }
- *   pathname.each_line(sep=$/ [, open_args]) {|line| block }     -> nil
- *   pathname.each_line(limit [, open_args]) {|line| block }      -> nil
- *   pathname.each_line(sep, limit [, open_args]) {|line| block } -> nil
- *   pathname.each_line(...)                                      -> an_enumerator
- *
- * Iterates over each line in the file and yields a String object for each.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_each_line(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cFile, id_foreach, 1+n, args, 0, 0, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-    else {
-        return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_foreach, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.read([length [, offset]]) -> string
- *   pathname.read([length [, offset]], open_args) -> string
- *
- * Returns all data from the file, or the first +N+ bytes if specified.
- *
- * See File.read.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_read, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.binread([length [, offset]]) -> string
- *
- * Returns all the bytes from the file, or the first +N+ if specified.
- *
- * See File.binread.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_binread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[3];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
-    return rb_funcallv(rb_cFile, id_binread, 1+n, args);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.write(string, [offset] )   => fixnum
- *   pathname.write(string, [offset], open_args )   => fixnum
- *
- * Writes +contents+ to the file.
- *
- * See File.write.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_write, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.binwrite(string, [offset] )   => fixnum
- *   pathname.binwrite(string, [offset], open_args )   => fixnum
- *
- * Writes +contents+ to the file, opening it in binary mode.
- *
- * See File.binwrite.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_binwrite(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_binwrite, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.readlines(sep=$/ [, open_args])     -> array
- *   pathname.readlines(limit [, open_args])      -> array
- *   pathname.readlines(sep, limit [, open_args]) -> array
- *
- * Returns all the lines from the file.
- *
- * See File.readlines.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_readlines(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_readlines, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.sysopen([mode, [perm]])  -> fixnum
- *
- * See IO.sysopen.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-path_sysopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[3];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
-    return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_sysopen, 1+n, args);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.atime	-> time
- *
- * Returns the last access time for the file.
- *
- * See File.atime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_atime(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_atime, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.birthtime	-> time
- *
- * Returns the birth time for the file.
- * If the platform doesn't have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.
- *
- * See File.birthtime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_birthtime(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_birthtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.ctime	-> time
- *
- * Returns the last change time, using directory information, not the file itself.
- *
- * See File.ctime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_ctime(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ctime, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.mtime	-> time
- *
- * Returns the last modified time of the file.
- *
- * See File.mtime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_mtime(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_mtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.chmod(mode_int)	-> integer
- *
- * Changes file permissions.
- *
- * See File.chmod.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_chmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.lchmod(mode_int)	-> integer
- *
- * Same as Pathname.chmod, but does not follow symbolic links.
- *
- * See File.lchmod.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_lchmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.chown(owner_int, group_int)	-> integer
- *
- * Change owner and group of the file.
- *
- * See File.chown.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_chown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.lchown(owner_int, group_int)	-> integer
- *
- * Same as Pathname.chown, but does not follow symbolic links.
- *
- * See File.lchown.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_lchown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    pathname.fnmatch(pattern, [flags])        -> true or false
- *    pathname.fnmatch?(pattern, [flags])       -> true or false
- *
- * Return +true+ if the receiver matches the given pattern.
- *
- * See File.fnmatch.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE pattern, flags;
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &pattern, &flags) == 1)
-        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 2, pattern, str);
-    else
-        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 3, pattern, str, flags);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.ftype	-> string
- *
- * Returns "type" of file ("file", "directory", etc).
- *
- * See File.ftype.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_ftype(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ftype, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.make_link(old)
- *
- * Creates a hard link at _pathname_.
- *
- * See File.link.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_make_link(VALUE self, VALUE old)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_link, 2, old, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.open()
- *   pathname.open(mode="r" [, opt])                        -> file
- *   pathname.open([mode [, perm]] [, opt])                 -> file
- *   pathname.open(mode="r" [, opt]) {|file| block }        -> obj
- *   pathname.open([mode [, perm]] [, opt]) {|file| block } -> obj
- *
- * Opens the file for reading or writing.
- *
- * See File.open.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-    int n;
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args, 0, 0, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-    else {
-        return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Read symbolic link.
- *
- * See File.readlink.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_readlink(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str;
-    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_readlink, 1, get_strpath(self));
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Rename the file.
- *
- * See File.rename.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_rename(VALUE self, VALUE to)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_rename, 2, get_strpath(self), to);
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns a File::Stat object.
- *
- * See File.stat.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_stat(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_stat, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See File.lstat.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_lstat(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lstat, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   pathname.make_symlink(old)
- *
- * Creates a symbolic link.
- *
- * See File.symlink.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_make_symlink(VALUE self, VALUE old)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_symlink, 2, old, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Truncates the file to +length+ bytes.
- *
- * See File.truncate.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_truncate(VALUE self, VALUE length)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_truncate, 2, get_strpath(self), length);
-}
-
-/*
- * Update the access and modification times of the file.
- *
- * See File.utime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_utime(VALUE self, VALUE atime, VALUE mtime)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_utime, 3, atime, mtime, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Update the access and modification times of the file.
- *
- * Same as Pathname#utime, but does not follow symbolic links.
- *
- * See File.lutime.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_lutime(VALUE self, VALUE atime, VALUE mtime)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lutime, 3, atime, mtime, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the last component of the path.
- *
- * See File.basename.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE fext;
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fext) == 0)
-        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 1, str);
-    else
-        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 2, str, fext);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns all but the last component of the path.
- *
- * See File.dirname.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_dirname(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_dirname, 1, str);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the file's extension.
- *
- * See File.extname.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_extname(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_extname, 1, str);
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the absolute path for the file.
- *
- * See File.expand_path.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_expand_path(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE dname;
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &dname) == 0)
-        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 1, str);
-    else
-        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 2, str, dname);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the #dirname and the #basename in an Array.
- *
- * See File.split.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_split(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE ary, dirname, basename;
-    ary = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_split, 1, str);
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    dirname = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-    basename = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
-    dirname = rb_class_new_instance(1, &dirname, rb_obj_class(self));
-    basename = rb_class_new_instance(1, &basename, rb_obj_class(self));
-    return rb_ary_new3(2, dirname, basename);
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.blockdev?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_blockdev_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_blockdev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.chardev?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_chardev_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_chardev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.executable?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_executable_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.executable_real?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_executable_real_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.exist?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_exist_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_exist_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.grpowned?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_grpowned_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_grpowned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.directory?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_directory_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.file?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_file_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_file_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.pipe?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_pipe_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_pipe_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.socket?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_socket_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_socket_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.owned?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_owned_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_owned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.readable?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_readable_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.world_readable?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_world_readable_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.readable_real?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_readable_real_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.setuid?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_setuid_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setuid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.setgid?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_setgid_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setgid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.size.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_size(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.size?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_size_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.sticky?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_sticky_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_sticky_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.symlink?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_symlink_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_symlink_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.writable?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_writable_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.world_writable?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_world_writable_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.writable_real?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_writable_real_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * See FileTest.zero?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_zero_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_zero_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Tests the file is empty.
- *
- * See Dir#empty? and FileTest.empty?.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_empty_p(VALUE self)
-{
-
-    VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
-    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, path)))
-        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_empty_p, 1, path);
-    else
-        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_empty_p, 1, path);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-s_glob_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(elt, klass))
-{
-    return rb_yield(rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass));
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns or yields Pathname objects.
- *
- *  Pathname.glob("lib/i*.rb")
- *	#=> [#<Pathname:lib/ipaddr.rb>, #<Pathname:lib/irb.rb>]
- *
- * See Dir.glob.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-    VALUE args[3];
-    int n;
-
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &args[0], &args[1], &args[2]);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, s_glob_i, klass, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-    else {
-        VALUE ary;
-        long i;
-        ary = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
-        ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-            VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-            elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
-            rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
-        }
-        return ary;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-glob_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(elt, self))
-{
-    elt = rb_funcall(self, '+', 1, elt);
-    return rb_yield(elt);
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns or yields Pathname objects.
- *
- *  Pathname("ruby-2.4.2").glob("R*.md")
- *  #=> [#<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.md>, #<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.ja.md>]
- *
- * See Dir.glob.
- * This method uses the +base+ keyword argument of Dir.glob.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[3];
-    int n;
-
-    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &args[0], &args[1]);
-    if (n == 1)
-      args[1] = INT2FIX(0);
-
-    args[2] = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_hash_aset(args[2], ID2SYM(id_base), get_strpath(self));
-
-    n = 3;
-
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, glob_i, self, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
-    }
-    else {
-        VALUE ary;
-        long i;
-        ary = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
-        ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-            VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-            elt = rb_funcall(self, '+', 1, elt);
-            rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
-        }
-        return ary;
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the current working directory as a Pathname.
- *
- *	Pathname.getwd
- *	    #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak/projects/ruby>
- *
- * See Dir.getwd.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_s_getwd(VALUE klass)
-{
-    VALUE str;
-    str = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_getwd, 0);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory, each as a
- * Pathname object.
- *
- * The results contains just the names in the directory, without any trailing
- * slashes or recursive look-up.
- *
- *   pp Pathname.new('/usr/local').entries
- *   #=> [#<Pathname:share>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:lib>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:..>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:include>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:etc>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:bin>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:man>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:games>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:.>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:sbin>,
- *   #    #<Pathname:src>]
- *
- * The result may contain the current directory <code>#<Pathname:.></code> and
- * the parent directory <code>#<Pathname:..></code>.
- *
- * If you don't want +.+ and +..+ and
- * want directories, consider Pathname#children.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_entries(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE klass, str, ary;
-    long i;
-    klass = rb_obj_class(self);
-    str = get_strpath(self);
-    ary = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_entries, 1, str);
-    ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-        VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-        elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
-        rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-
-/*
- * Create the referenced directory.
- *
- * See Dir.mkdir.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    VALUE vmode;
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &vmode) == 0)
-        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 1, str);
-    else
-        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 2, str, vmode);
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove the referenced directory.
- *
- * See Dir.rmdir.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_rmdir(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_rmdir, 1, get_strpath(self));
-}
-
-/*
- * Opens the referenced directory.
- *
- * See Dir.open.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_opendir(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[1];
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_open, 1, args, 0, 0);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-each_entry_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(elt, klass))
-{
-    return rb_yield(rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass));
-}
-
-/*
- * Iterates over the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory,
- * yielding a Pathname object for each entry.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_each_entry(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE args[1];
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0);
-
-    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
-    return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_foreach, 1, args, each_entry_i, rb_obj_class(self));
-}
-
-static VALUE
-unlink_body(VALUE str)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_unlink, 1, str);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-unlink_rescue(VALUE str, VALUE errinfo)
-{
-    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_unlink, 1, str);
-}
-
-/*
- * Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if +self+ is a file, or
- * Dir.unlink as necessary.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_unlink(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE eENOTDIR = rb_const_get_at(rb_mErrno, id_ENOTDIR);
-    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
-    return rb_rescue2(unlink_body, str, unlink_rescue, str, eENOTDIR, (VALUE)0);
-}
-
-/*
- * :call-seq:
- *  Pathname(path)  -> pathname
- *
- * Creates a new Pathname object from the given string, +path+, and returns
- * pathname object.
- *
- * In order to use this constructor, you must first require the Pathname
- * standard library extension.
- *
- *	require 'pathname'
- *	Pathname("/home/zzak")
- *	#=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak>
- *
- * See also Pathname::new for more information.
- */
-static VALUE
-path_f_pathname(VALUE self, VALUE str)
-{
-    if (CLASS_OF(str) == rb_cPathname)
-        return str;
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_cPathname);
-}
-
-/*
- *
- * Pathname represents the name of a file or directory on the filesystem,
- * but not the file itself.
- *
- * The pathname depends on the Operating System: Unix, Windows, etc.
- * This library works with pathnames of local OS, however non-Unix pathnames
- * are supported experimentally.
- *
- * A Pathname can be relative or absolute.  It's not until you try to
- * reference the file that it even matters whether the file exists or not.
- *
- * Pathname is immutable.  It has no method for destructive update.
- *
- * The goal of this class is to manipulate file path information in a neater
- * way than standard Ruby provides.  The examples below demonstrate the
- * difference.
- *
- * *All* functionality from File, FileTest, and some from Dir and FileUtils is
- * included, in an unsurprising way.  It is essentially a facade for all of
- * these, and more.
- *
- * == Examples
- *
- * === Example 1: Using Pathname
- *
- *   require 'pathname'
- *   pn = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby")
- *   size = pn.size              # 27662
- *   isdir = pn.directory?       # false
- *   dir  = pn.dirname           # Pathname:/usr/bin
- *   base = pn.basename          # Pathname:ruby
- *   dir, base = pn.split        # [Pathname:/usr/bin, Pathname:ruby]
- *   data = pn.read
- *   pn.open { |f| _ }
- *   pn.each_line { |line| _ }
- *
- * === Example 2: Using standard Ruby
- *
- *   pn = "/usr/bin/ruby"
- *   size = File.size(pn)        # 27662
- *   isdir = File.directory?(pn) # false
- *   dir  = File.dirname(pn)     # "/usr/bin"
- *   base = File.basename(pn)    # "ruby"
- *   dir, base = File.split(pn)  # ["/usr/bin", "ruby"]
- *   data = File.read(pn)
- *   File.open(pn) { |f| _ }
- *   File.foreach(pn) { |line| _ }
- *
- * === Example 3: Special features
- *
- *   p1 = Pathname.new("/usr/lib")   # Pathname:/usr/lib
- *   p2 = p1 + "ruby/1.8"            # Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8
- *   p3 = p1.parent                  # Pathname:/usr
- *   p4 = p2.relative_path_from(p3)  # Pathname:lib/ruby/1.8
- *   pwd = Pathname.pwd              # Pathname:/home/gavin
- *   pwd.absolute?                   # true
- *   p5 = Pathname.new "."           # Pathname:.
- *   p5 = p5 + "music/../articles"   # Pathname:music/../articles
- *   p5.cleanpath                    # Pathname:articles
- *   p5.realpath                     # Pathname:/home/gavin/articles
- *   p5.children                     # [Pathname:/home/gavin/articles/linux, ...]
- *
- * == Breakdown of functionality
- *
- * === Core methods
- *
- * These methods are effectively manipulating a String, because that's
- * all a path is.  None of these access the file system except for
- * #mountpoint?, #children, #each_child, #realdirpath and #realpath.
- *
- * - +
- * - #join
- * - #parent
- * - #root?
- * - #absolute?
- * - #relative?
- * - #relative_path_from
- * - #each_filename
- * - #cleanpath
- * - #realpath
- * - #realdirpath
- * - #children
- * - #each_child
- * - #mountpoint?
- *
- * === File status predicate methods
- *
- * These methods are a facade for FileTest:
- * - #blockdev?
- * - #chardev?
- * - #directory?
- * - #executable?
- * - #executable_real?
- * - #exist?
- * - #file?
- * - #grpowned?
- * - #owned?
- * - #pipe?
- * - #readable?
- * - #world_readable?
- * - #readable_real?
- * - #setgid?
- * - #setuid?
- * - #size
- * - #size?
- * - #socket?
- * - #sticky?
- * - #symlink?
- * - #writable?
- * - #world_writable?
- * - #writable_real?
- * - #zero?
- *
- * === File property and manipulation methods
- *
- * These methods are a facade for File:
- * - #atime
- * - #birthtime
- * - #ctime
- * - #mtime
- * - #chmod(mode)
- * - #lchmod(mode)
- * - #chown(owner, group)
- * - #lchown(owner, group)
- * - #fnmatch(pattern, *args)
- * - #fnmatch?(pattern, *args)
- * - #ftype
- * - #make_link(old)
- * - #open(*args, &block)
- * - #readlink
- * - #rename(to)
- * - #stat
- * - #lstat
- * - #make_symlink(old)
- * - #truncate(length)
- * - #utime(atime, mtime)
- * - #lutime(atime, mtime)
- * - #basename(*args)
- * - #dirname
- * - #extname
- * - #expand_path(*args)
- * - #split
- *
- * === Directory methods
- *
- * These methods are a facade for Dir:
- * - Pathname.glob(*args)
- * - Pathname.getwd / Pathname.pwd
- * - #rmdir
- * - #entries
- * - #each_entry(&block)
- * - #mkdir(*args)
- * - #opendir(*args)
- *
- * === IO
- *
- * These methods are a facade for IO:
- * - #each_line(*args, &block)
- * - #read(*args)
- * - #binread(*args)
- * - #readlines(*args)
- * - #sysopen(*args)
- * - #write(*args)
- * - #binwrite(*args)
- *
- * === Utilities
- *
- * These methods are a mixture of Find, FileUtils, and others:
- * - #find(&block)
- * - #mkpath
- * - #rmtree
- * - #unlink / #delete
- *
- *
- * == Method documentation
- *
- * As the above section shows, most of the methods in Pathname are facades.  The
- * documentation for these methods generally just says, for instance, "See
- * FileTest.writable?", as you should be familiar with the original method
- * anyway, and its documentation (e.g. through +ri+) will contain more
- * information.  In some cases, a brief description will follow.
- */
-void
-Init_pathname(void)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
-#endif
-
-    InitVM(pathname);
-
-    rb_cPathname = rb_define_class("Pathname", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "initialize", path_initialize, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "freeze", path_freeze, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "==", path_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "===", path_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "eql?", path_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "<=>", path_cmp, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "hash", path_hash, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "to_s", path_to_s, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "to_path", path_to_s, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "inspect", path_inspect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sub", path_sub, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sub_ext", path_sub_ext, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "realpath", path_realpath, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "realdirpath", path_realdirpath, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "each_line", path_each_line, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "read", path_read, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "binread", path_binread, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "readlines", path_readlines, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "write", path_write, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "binwrite", path_binwrite, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sysopen", path_sysopen, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "atime", path_atime, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "birthtime", path_birthtime, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "ctime", path_ctime, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "mtime", path_mtime, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "chmod", path_chmod, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "lchmod", path_lchmod, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "chown", path_chown, 2);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "lchown", path_lchown, 2);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "fnmatch", path_fnmatch, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "fnmatch?", path_fnmatch, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "ftype", path_ftype, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "make_link", path_make_link, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "open", path_open, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "readlink", path_readlink, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "rename", path_rename, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "stat", path_stat, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "lstat", path_lstat, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "make_symlink", path_make_symlink, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "truncate", path_truncate, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "utime", path_utime, 2);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "lutime", path_lutime, 2);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "basename", path_basename, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "dirname", path_dirname, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "extname", path_extname, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "expand_path", path_expand_path, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "split", path_split, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "blockdev?", path_blockdev_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "chardev?", path_chardev_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "executable?", path_executable_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "executable_real?", path_executable_real_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "exist?", path_exist_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "grpowned?", path_grpowned_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "directory?", path_directory_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "file?", path_file_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "pipe?", path_pipe_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "socket?", path_socket_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "owned?", path_owned_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "readable?", path_readable_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "world_readable?", path_world_readable_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "readable_real?", path_readable_real_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "setuid?", path_setuid_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "setgid?", path_setgid_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "size", path_size, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "size?", path_size_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sticky?", path_sticky_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "symlink?", path_symlink_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "writable?", path_writable_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "world_writable?", path_world_writable_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "writable_real?", path_writable_real_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "zero?", path_zero_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "empty?", path_empty_p, 0);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPathname, "glob", path_s_glob, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPathname, "getwd", path_s_getwd, 0);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPathname, "pwd", path_s_getwd, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "glob", path_glob, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "entries", path_entries, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "mkdir", path_mkdir, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "rmdir", path_rmdir, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "opendir", path_opendir, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "each_entry", path_each_entry, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "unlink", path_unlink, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "delete", path_unlink, 0);
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cPathname, "=~");
-    rb_define_global_function("Pathname", path_f_pathname, 1);
-}
-
-void
-InitVM_pathname(void)
-{
-#undef rb_intern
-    id_at_path = rb_intern("@path");
-    id_to_path = rb_intern("to_path");
-    id_ENOTDIR = rb_intern("ENOTDIR");
-    id_atime = rb_intern("atime");
-    id_basename = rb_intern("basename");
-    id_base = rb_intern("base");
-    id_binread = rb_intern("binread");
-    id_binwrite = rb_intern("binwrite");
-    id_birthtime = rb_intern("birthtime");
-    id_blockdev_p = rb_intern("blockdev?");
-    id_chardev_p = rb_intern("chardev?");
-    id_chmod = rb_intern("chmod");
-    id_chown = rb_intern("chown");
-    id_ctime = rb_intern("ctime");
-    id_directory_p = rb_intern("directory?");
-    id_dirname = rb_intern("dirname");
-    id_empty_p = rb_intern("empty?");
-    id_entries = rb_intern("entries");
-    id_executable_p = rb_intern("executable?");
-    id_executable_real_p = rb_intern("executable_real?");
-    id_exist_p = rb_intern("exist?");
-    id_expand_path = rb_intern("expand_path");
-    id_extname = rb_intern("extname");
-    id_file_p = rb_intern("file?");
-    id_fnmatch = rb_intern("fnmatch");
-    id_foreach = rb_intern("foreach");
-    id_ftype = rb_intern("ftype");
-    id_getwd = rb_intern("getwd");
-    id_glob = rb_intern("glob");
-    id_grpowned_p = rb_intern("grpowned?");
-    id_lchmod = rb_intern("lchmod");
-    id_lchown = rb_intern("lchown");
-    id_link = rb_intern("link");
-    id_lstat = rb_intern("lstat");
-    id_lutime = rb_intern("lutime");
-    id_mkdir = rb_intern("mkdir");
-    id_mtime = rb_intern("mtime");
-    id_open = rb_intern("open");
-    id_owned_p = rb_intern("owned?");
-    id_pipe_p = rb_intern("pipe?");
-    id_read = rb_intern("read");
-    id_readable_p = rb_intern("readable?");
-    id_readable_real_p = rb_intern("readable_real?");
-    id_readlines = rb_intern("readlines");
-    id_readlink = rb_intern("readlink");
-    id_realdirpath = rb_intern("realdirpath");
-    id_realpath = rb_intern("realpath");
-    id_rename = rb_intern("rename");
-    id_rmdir = rb_intern("rmdir");
-    id_setgid_p = rb_intern("setgid?");
-    id_setuid_p = rb_intern("setuid?");
-    id_size = rb_intern("size");
-    id_size_p = rb_intern("size?");
-    id_socket_p = rb_intern("socket?");
-    id_split = rb_intern("split");
-    id_stat = rb_intern("stat");
-    id_sticky_p = rb_intern("sticky?");
-    id_sub = rb_intern("sub");
-    id_symlink = rb_intern("symlink");
-    id_symlink_p = rb_intern("symlink?");
-    id_sysopen = rb_intern("sysopen");
-    id_truncate = rb_intern("truncate");
-    id_unlink = rb_intern("unlink");
-    id_utime = rb_intern("utime");
-    id_world_readable_p = rb_intern("world_readable?");
-    id_world_writable_p = rb_intern("world_writable?");
-    id_writable_p = rb_intern("writable?");
-    id_writable_real_p = rb_intern("writable_real?");
-    id_write = rb_intern("write");
-    id_zero_p = rb_intern("zero?");
-}
diff --git a/ext/pathname/pathname.gemspec b/ext/pathname/pathname.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index 890bc2fde9..0000000000
--- a/ext/pathname/pathname.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-name = File.basename(__FILE__, ".gemspec")
-version = ["lib", "ext/lib"].find do |dir|
-  break File.foreach(File.join(__dir__, dir, "#{name}.rb")) do |line|
-    /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
-  end rescue nil
-end
-
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name          = name
-  spec.version       = version
-  spec.authors       = ["Tanaka Akira"]
-  spec.email         = ["akr@fsij.org"]
-
-  spec.summary       = %q{Representation of the name of a file or directory on the filesystem}
-  spec.description   = %q{Representation of the name of a file or directory on the filesystem}
-  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/pathname"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.7.0")
-  spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
-
-  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
-
-  # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
-  # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
-  spec.bindir        = "exe"
-  spec.executables   = []
-  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-  spec.extensions    = %w[ext/pathname/extconf.rb]
-end
diff --git a/ext/psych/depend b/ext/psych/depend
index a4d9ca9a6a..95175841a2 100644
--- a/ext/psych/depend
+++ b/ext/psych/depend
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 psych.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -329,6 +330,7 @@ psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 psych_emitter.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -506,6 +508,7 @@ psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 psych_parser.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -683,6 +686,7 @@ psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 psych_to_ruby.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -860,6 +864,7 @@ psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 psych_yaml_tree.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/psych/extconf.rb b/ext/psych/extconf.rb
index e7dd0bb60a..589e201c1c 100644
--- a/ext/psych/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/extconf.rb
@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ if yaml_source
   libyaml = "libyaml.#$LIBEXT"
   $cleanfiles << libyaml
   $LOCAL_LIBS.prepend("$(LIBYAML) ")
-else # default to pre-installed libyaml
-  pkg_config('yaml-0.1')
+
+  # default to pre-installed libyaml
+elsif pkg_config('yaml-0.1')
+  # found with pkg-config
+else
   dir_config('libyaml')
   find_header('yaml.h') or abort "yaml.h not found"
   find_library('yaml', 'yaml_get_version') or abort "libyaml not found"
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych.rb
index a95393c281..850a6d1937 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ require_relative 'psych/parser'
 require_relative 'psych/omap'
 require_relative 'psych/set'
 require_relative 'psych/coder'
-require_relative 'psych/core_ext'
 require_relative 'psych/stream'
 require_relative 'psych/json/tree_builder'
 require_relative 'psych/json/stream'
@@ -270,10 +269,10 @@ module Psych
   # YAML documents that are supplied via user input.  Instead, please use the
   # load method or the safe_load method.
   #
-  def self.unsafe_load yaml, filename: nil, fallback: false, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false
+  def self.unsafe_load yaml, filename: nil, fallback: false, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true
     result = parse(yaml, filename: filename)
     return fallback unless result
-    result.to_ruby(symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze, strict_integer: strict_integer)
+    result.to_ruby(symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze, strict_integer: strict_integer, parse_symbols: parse_symbols)
   end
 
   ###
@@ -321,13 +320,13 @@ module Psych
   #   Psych.safe_load("---\n foo: bar")                         # => {"foo"=>"bar"}
   #   Psych.safe_load("---\n foo: bar", symbolize_names: true)  # => {:foo=>"bar"}
   #
-  def self.safe_load yaml, permitted_classes: [], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: false, filename: nil, fallback: nil, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false
+  def self.safe_load yaml, permitted_classes: [], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: false, filename: nil, fallback: nil, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true
     result = parse(yaml, filename: filename)
     return fallback unless result
 
     class_loader = ClassLoader::Restricted.new(permitted_classes.map(&:to_s),
                                                permitted_symbols.map(&:to_s))
-    scanner      = ScalarScanner.new class_loader, strict_integer: strict_integer
+    scanner      = ScalarScanner.new class_loader, strict_integer: strict_integer, parse_symbols: parse_symbols
     visitor = if aliases
                 Visitors::ToRuby.new scanner, class_loader, symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze
               else
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ module Psych
   # Raises a TypeError when `yaml` parameter is NilClass.  This method is
   # similar to `safe_load` except that `Symbol` objects are allowed by default.
   #
-  def self.load yaml, permitted_classes: [Symbol], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: false, filename: nil, fallback: nil, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false
+  def self.load yaml, permitted_classes: [Symbol], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: false, filename: nil, fallback: nil, symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true
     safe_load yaml, permitted_classes: permitted_classes,
                     permitted_symbols: permitted_symbols,
                     aliases: aliases,
@@ -375,7 +374,8 @@ module Psych
                     fallback: fallback,
                     symbolize_names: symbolize_names,
                     freeze: freeze,
-                    strict_integer: strict_integer
+                    strict_integer: strict_integer,
+                    parse_symbols: parse_symbols
   end
 
   ###
@@ -655,6 +655,35 @@ module Psych
   end
 
   ###
+  # Load multiple documents given in +yaml+. Returns the parsed documents
+  # as a list.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   Psych.safe_load_stream("--- foo\n...\n--- bar\n...") # => ['foo', 'bar']
+  #
+  #   list = []
+  #   Psych.safe_load_stream("--- foo\n...\n--- bar\n...") do |ruby|
+  #     list << ruby
+  #   end
+  #   list # => ['foo', 'bar']
+  #
+  def self.safe_load_stream yaml, filename: nil, permitted_classes: [], aliases: false
+    documents = parse_stream(yaml, filename: filename).children.map do |child|
+      stream = Psych::Nodes::Stream.new
+      stream.children << child
+      safe_load(stream.to_yaml, permitted_classes: permitted_classes, aliases: aliases)
+    end
+
+    if block_given?
+      documents.each { |doc| yield doc }
+      nil
+    else
+      documents
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###
   # Load the document contained in +filename+.  Returns the yaml contained in
   # +filename+ as a Ruby object, or if the file is empty, it returns
   # the specified +fallback+ return value, which defaults to +false+.
@@ -761,3 +790,5 @@ module Psych
   self.domain_types = {}
   # :startdoc:
 end
+
+require_relative 'psych/core_ext'
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/class_loader.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/class_loader.rb
index 50efc35ee2..c8f509720a 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/class_loader.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/class_loader.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module Psych
   class ClassLoader # :nodoc:
     BIG_DECIMAL = 'BigDecimal'
     COMPLEX     = 'Complex'
+    DATA        = 'Data' unless RUBY_VERSION < "3.2"
     DATE        = 'Date'
     DATE_TIME   = 'DateTime'
     EXCEPTION   = 'Exception'
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb
index 0721a133c3..6dfd0f1696 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@ class Object
   end
 end
 
-if defined?(::IRB)
-  require_relative 'y'
+# Up to Ruby 3.4, Set was a regular object and was dumped as such
+# by Pysch.
+# Starting from Ruby 4.0 it's a core class written in C, so we have to implement
+# #encode_with / #init_with to preserve backward compatibility.
+if defined?(::Set) && Set.new.instance_variables.empty?
+  class Set
+    def encode_with(coder)
+      hash = {}
+      each do |m|
+        hash[m] = true
+      end
+      coder["hash"] = hash
+      coder
+    end
+
+    def init_with(coder)
+      replace(coder["hash"].keys)
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb
index 6ae5c59148..fc27448f2e 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ module Psych
       # Convert this node to Ruby.
       #
       # See also Psych::Visitors::ToRuby
-      def to_ruby(symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false)
-        Visitors::ToRuby.create(symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze, strict_integer: strict_integer).accept(self)
+      def to_ruby(symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true)
+        Visitors::ToRuby.create(symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze, strict_integer: strict_integer, parse_symbols: parse_symbols).accept(self)
       end
       alias :transform :to_ruby
 
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb
index 8cf868f863..6a556fb3b8 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb
@@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ module Psych
     attr_reader :class_loader
 
     # Create a new scanner
-    def initialize class_loader, strict_integer: false
+    def initialize class_loader, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true
       @symbol_cache = {}
       @class_loader = class_loader
       @strict_integer = strict_integer
+      @parse_symbols = parse_symbols
     end
 
     # Tokenize +string+ returning the Ruby object
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ module Psych
         -Float::INFINITY
       elsif string.match?(/^\.nan$/i)
         Float::NAN
-      elsif string.match?(/^:./)
+      elsif @parse_symbols && string.match?(/^:./)
         if string =~ /^:(["'])(.*)\1/
           @symbol_cache[string] = class_loader.symbolize($2.sub(/^:/, ''))
         else
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/versions.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/versions.rb
index d91563c861..6c1679bf65 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/versions.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/versions.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 module Psych
   # The version of Psych you are using
-  VERSION = '5.2.3'
+  VERSION = '5.4.0'
 
   if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
-    DEFAULT_SNAKEYAML_VERSION = '2.9'.freeze
+    DEFAULT_SNAKEYAML_VERSION = '2.10'.freeze
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb
index f0b4a94e45..475444e589 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ module Psych
     ###
     # This class walks a YAML AST, converting each node to Ruby
     class ToRuby < Psych::Visitors::Visitor
-      def self.create(symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false)
+      unless RUBY_VERSION < "3.2"
+        DATA_INITIALIZE = Data.instance_method(:initialize)
+      end
+
+      def self.create(symbolize_names: false, freeze: false, strict_integer: false, parse_symbols: true)
         class_loader = ClassLoader.new
-        scanner      = ScalarScanner.new class_loader, strict_integer: strict_integer
+        scanner      = ScalarScanner.new class_loader, strict_integer: strict_integer, parse_symbols: parse_symbols
         new(scanner, class_loader, symbolize_names: symbolize_names, freeze: freeze)
       end
 
@@ -96,11 +100,11 @@ module Psych
           Float(@ss.tokenize(o.value))
         when "!ruby/regexp"
           klass = class_loader.regexp
-          o.value =~ /^\/(.*)\/([mixn]*)$/m
-          source  = $1
+          matches = /^\/(?<string>.*)\/(?<options>[mixn]*)$/m.match(o.value)
+          source  = matches[:string].gsub('\/', '/')
           options = 0
           lang    = nil
-          $2&.each_char do |option|
+          matches[:options].each_char do |option|
             case option
             when 'x' then options |= Regexp::EXTENDED
             when 'i' then options |= Regexp::IGNORECASE
@@ -197,6 +201,32 @@ module Psych
             s
           end
 
+        when /^!ruby\/data(-with-ivars)?(?::(.*))?$/
+          data = register(o, resolve_class($2).allocate) if $2
+          members = {}
+
+          if $1 # data-with-ivars
+            ivars   = {}
+            o.children.each_slice(2) do |type, vars|
+              case accept(type)
+              when 'members'
+                revive_data_members(members, vars)
+                data ||= allocate_anon_data(o, members)
+              when 'ivars'
+                revive_hash(ivars, vars)
+              end
+            end
+            ivars.each do |ivar, v|
+              data.instance_variable_set ivar, v
+            end
+          else
+            revive_data_members(members, o)
+          end
+          data ||= allocate_anon_data(o, members)
+          DATA_INITIALIZE.bind_call(data, **members)
+          data.freeze
+          data
+
         when /^!ruby\/object:?(.*)?$/
           name = $1 || 'Object'
 
@@ -340,6 +370,20 @@ module Psych
         list
       end
 
+      def allocate_anon_data node, members
+        klass = class_loader.data.define(*members.keys)
+        register(node, klass.allocate)
+      end
+
+      def revive_data_members hash, o
+        o.children.each_slice(2) do |k,v|
+          name  = accept(k)
+          value = accept(v)
+          hash[class_loader.symbolize(name)] = value
+        end
+        hash
+      end
+
       def revive_hash hash, o, tagged= false
         o.children.each_slice(2) { |k,v|
           key = accept(k)
diff --git a/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb b/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb
index e27c927996..b6c86f4c94 100644
--- a/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb
+++ b/ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ module Psych
 
           method = respond_to?(method) ? method : h[klass.superclass]
 
-          raise(TypeError, "Can't dump #{target.class}") unless method
+          raise(TypeError, "can't dump #{klass.name}") unless method
 
           h[klass] = method
         end.compare_by_identity
@@ -162,6 +162,44 @@ module Psych
 
       alias :visit_Delegator :visit_Object
 
+      def visit_Data o
+        ivars = o.instance_variables
+        if ivars.empty?
+          tag = ['!ruby/data', o.class.name].compact.join(':')
+          register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
+          o.members.each do |member|
+            @emitter.scalar member.to_s, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
+            accept o.send member
+          end
+          @emitter.end_mapping
+
+        else
+          tag = ['!ruby/data-with-ivars', o.class.name].compact.join(':')
+          node = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Psych::Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
+          register(o, node)
+
+          # Dump the members
+          accept 'members'
+          @emitter.start_mapping nil, nil, true, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK
+          o.members.each do |member|
+            @emitter.scalar member.to_s, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
+            accept o.send member
+          end
+          @emitter.end_mapping
+
+          # Dump the ivars
+          accept 'ivars'
+          @emitter.start_mapping nil, nil, true, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK
+          ivars.each do |ivar|
+            accept ivar.to_s
+            accept o.instance_variable_get ivar
+          end
+          @emitter.end_mapping
+
+          @emitter.end_mapping
+        end
+      end unless RUBY_VERSION < "3.2"
+
       def visit_Struct o
         tag = ['!ruby/struct', o.class.name].compact.join(':')
 
@@ -189,7 +227,8 @@ module Psych
       end
 
       def visit_Date o
-        register o, visit_Integer(o.gregorian)
+        formatted = format_date o
+        register o, @emitter.scalar(formatted, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
       end
 
       def visit_DateTime o
@@ -486,6 +525,10 @@ module Psych
         end
       end
 
+      def format_date date
+        date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+      end
+
       def register target, yaml_obj
         @st.register target, yaml_obj
         yaml_obj
diff --git a/ext/psych/psych_parser.c b/ext/psych/psych_parser.c
index d973496284..00a2207b58 100644
--- a/ext/psych/psych_parser.c
+++ b/ext/psych/psych_parser.c
@@ -32,9 +32,20 @@ static int io_reader(void * data, unsigned char *buf, size_t size, size_t *read)
     *read = 0;
 
     if(! NIL_P(string)) {
-        void * str = (void *)StringValuePtr(string);
-        *read = (size_t)RSTRING_LEN(string);
-        memcpy(buf, str, *read);
+        char * str = StringValuePtr(string);
+        size_t len = (size_t)RSTRING_LEN(string);
+
+        /* IO#read(size) is documented to return at most `size` bytes, but a
+         * misbehaving IO-like object may return more. Clamp the copy to the
+         * buffer libyaml gave us to avoid writing past its end, rounding down
+         * to a character boundary so a multibyte character is never split. */
+        if(len > size) {
+            rb_encoding * enc = rb_enc_get(string);
+            len = (size_t)(rb_enc_left_char_head(str, str + size, str + len, enc) - str);
+        }
+
+        *read = len;
+        memcpy(buf, str, len);
     }
 
     return 1;
diff --git a/ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.c b/ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.c
index ffe0c69c7f..3ab0138b52 100644
--- a/ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.c
+++ b/ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.c
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ static VALUE build_exception(VALUE self, VALUE klass, VALUE mesg)
 {
     VALUE e = rb_obj_alloc(klass);
 
+#ifdef TRUFFLERUBY
+    rb_exc_set_message(e, mesg);
+#else
     rb_iv_set(e, "mesg", mesg);
+#endif
 
     return e;
 }
diff --git a/ext/pty/depend b/ext/pty/depend
index adecfff862..8fa018d084 100644
--- a/ext/pty/depend
+++ b/ext/pty/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 pty.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/util.h
+pty.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 pty.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 pty.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 pty.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
diff --git a/ext/pty/extconf.rb b/ext/pty/extconf.rb
index da3655cf4d..ae2cb45d3c 100644
--- a/ext/pty/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/pty/extconf.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ if /mswin|mingw|bccwin/ !~ RUBY_PLATFORM
       (util or have_func("openpty")) or
       have_func("_getpty") or
       have_func("ioctl")
+    have_macro("HAVE_FCHMOD") or have_func("fchmod")
+    have_macro("HAVE_FCHOWN") or have_func("fchown")
     create_makefile('pty')
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/pty/pty.c b/ext/pty/pty.c
index 7c79f81e33..3d5977707f 100644
--- a/ext/pty/pty.c
+++ b/ext/pty/pty.c
@@ -274,12 +274,23 @@ ptsname_r(int fd, char *buf, size_t buflen)
 # define HAVE_PTSNAME_R 1
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
+# define change_mode(name, fd, mode) fchmod(fd, mode)
+#else
+# define change_mode(name, fd, mode) chmod(name, mode)
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FCHOWN
+# define change_owner(name, fd, uid, gid) fchown(fd, uid, gid)
+#else
+# define change_owner(name, fd, uid, gid) chown(name, uid, gid)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(HAVE_POSIX_OPENPT) || defined(HAVE_OPENPTY) || defined(HAVE_PTSNAME_R)
-static int
-no_mesg(char *slavedevice, int nomesg)
+static inline int
+prevent_messages(const char *slavedevice, int fd, int nomesg)
 {
     if (nomesg)
-        return chmod(slavedevice, 0600);
+        return change_mode(slavedevice, fd, 0600);
     else
         return 0;
 }
@@ -340,8 +351,8 @@ get_device_once(int *master, int *slave, char SlaveName[DEVICELEN], int nomesg,
     if (unlockpt(masterfd) == -1) goto error;
     if (ptsname_r(masterfd, SlaveName, DEVICELEN) != 0) goto error;
     slavedevice = SlaveName;
-    if (no_mesg(slavedevice, nomesg) == -1) goto error;
     if ((slavefd = rb_cloexec_open(slavedevice, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY, 0)) == -1) goto error;
+    if (prevent_messages(slavedevice, slavefd, nomesg) == -1) goto error;
     rb_update_max_fd(slavefd);
 
 #if defined(I_PUSH) && !defined(__linux__) && !defined(_AIX)
@@ -375,7 +386,9 @@ get_device_once(int *master, int *slave, char SlaveName[DEVICELEN], int nomesg,
     }
     rb_fd_fix_cloexec(*master);
     rb_fd_fix_cloexec(*slave);
-    if (no_mesg(SlaveName, nomesg) == -1) {
+    if (prevent_messages(SlaveName, *slave, nomesg) == -1) {
+        close(*master);
+        close(*slave);
         if (!fail) return -1;
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't chmod slave pty");
     }
@@ -424,8 +437,8 @@ get_device_once(int *master, int *slave, char SlaveName[DEVICELEN], int nomesg,
     if(unlockpt(masterfd) == -1) goto error;
     if (ptsname_r(masterfd, SlaveName, DEVICELEN) != 0) goto error;
     slavedevice = SlaveName;
-    if (no_mesg(slavedevice, nomesg) == -1) goto error;
     if((slavefd = rb_cloexec_open(slavedevice, O_RDWR, 0)) == -1) goto error;
+    if (prevent_messages(slavedevice, slavefd, nomesg) == -1) goto error;
     rb_update_max_fd(slavefd);
 #if defined(I_PUSH) && !defined(__linux__) && !defined(_AIX)
     if(ioctl_I_PUSH(slavefd, "ptem") == -1) goto error;
@@ -478,8 +491,8 @@ get_device_once(int *master, int *slave, char SlaveName[DEVICELEN], int nomesg,
             if ((slavefd = rb_cloexec_open(SlaveName,O_RDWR,0)) >= 0) {
                 rb_update_max_fd(slavefd);
                 *slave = slavefd;
-                if (chown(SlaveName, getuid(), getgid()) != 0) goto error;
-                if (chmod(SlaveName, nomesg ? 0600 : 0622) != 0) goto error;
+                if (change_owner(SlaveName, slavefd, getuid(), getgid()) != 0) goto error;
+                if (change_mode(SlaveName, slavefd, nomesg ? 0600 : 0622) != 0) goto error;
                 return 0;
             }
             close(masterfd);
diff --git a/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend b/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend
index 5f75fa8c76..7e6c950769 100644
--- a/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend
+++ b/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 limits.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sizes.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/ripper/depend b/ext/ripper/depend
index 9cca2d315e..db83378a1d 100644
--- a/ext/ripper/depend
+++ b/ext/ripper/depend
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 eventids1.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -352,6 +353,7 @@ eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 eventids2.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -472,6 +474,7 @@ ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rfile.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rhash.h
+ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rmatch.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rregexp.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
@@ -532,6 +535,7 @@ ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -563,6 +567,7 @@ ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/onigmo.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ractor.h
+ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/re.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/regex.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 ripper.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
@@ -575,12 +580,15 @@ ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/constant.h
+ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
+ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
+ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compile.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/complex.h
@@ -598,8 +606,10 @@ ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/re.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/ruby_parser.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/struct.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
 ripper.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
@@ -770,6 +780,7 @@ ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -804,8 +815,10 @@ ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 ripper_init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
+ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compar.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/complex.h
 ripper_init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/fixnum.h
diff --git a/ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb b/ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb
index 870c79857b..9b849dfeae 100644
--- a/ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb
+++ b/ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Ripper
         when 0, :to_int
           @to_int
         when 1, :to_s
-          @event
+          @to_s
         else
           nil
         end
diff --git a/ext/socket/depend b/ext/socket/depend
index 750bb0734f..77f6239a3d 100644
--- a/ext/socket/depend
+++ b/ext/socket/depend
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ancdata.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -192,9 +193,12 @@ ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -202,6 +206,7 @@ ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 ancdata.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -362,6 +367,7 @@ basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 basicsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -403,9 +409,12 @@ basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -413,6 +422,7 @@ basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 basicsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -573,6 +583,7 @@ constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 constants.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -614,9 +625,12 @@ constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -624,6 +638,7 @@ constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 constants.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -785,6 +800,7 @@ ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ifaddr.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -826,9 +842,12 @@ ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -836,6 +855,7 @@ ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 ifaddr.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -996,6 +1016,7 @@ init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 init.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1037,9 +1058,12 @@ init.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+init.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+init.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -1047,6 +1071,7 @@ init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 init.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -1207,6 +1232,7 @@ ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 ipsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1248,9 +1274,12 @@ ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -1258,6 +1287,7 @@ ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 ipsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -1418,6 +1448,7 @@ option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 option.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1459,9 +1490,12 @@ option.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+option.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+option.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -1469,6 +1503,7 @@ option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 option.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -1629,6 +1664,7 @@ raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1670,9 +1706,12 @@ raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -1680,6 +1719,7 @@ raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 raddrinfo.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -1840,6 +1880,7 @@ socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 socket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -1881,9 +1922,12 @@ socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -1891,6 +1935,7 @@ socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 socket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -2051,6 +2096,7 @@ sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 sockssocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2092,9 +2138,12 @@ sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -2102,6 +2151,7 @@ sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 sockssocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -2262,6 +2312,7 @@ tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 tcpserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2303,9 +2354,12 @@ tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -2313,6 +2367,7 @@ tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 tcpserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -2473,6 +2528,7 @@ tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2514,9 +2570,12 @@ tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -2524,6 +2583,7 @@ tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 tcpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -2684,6 +2744,7 @@ udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 udpsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2725,9 +2786,12 @@ udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -2735,6 +2799,7 @@ udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 udpsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -2895,6 +2960,7 @@ unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 unixserver.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -2936,9 +3002,12 @@ unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -2946,6 +3015,7 @@ unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 unixserver.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
@@ -3106,6 +3176,7 @@ unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 unixsocket.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -3147,9 +3218,12 @@ unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/list/list.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/ccan/str/str.h
+unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/encindex.h
+unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/id_table.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/basic_operators.h
+unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/box.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/error.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
@@ -3157,6 +3231,7 @@ unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/io.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/set_table.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
 unixsocket.o: $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
diff --git a/ext/socket/extconf.rb b/ext/socket/extconf.rb
index d44ce31b0a..a814e21c3a 100644
--- a/ext/socket/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/socket/extconf.rb
@@ -704,6 +704,7 @@ SRC
 
   have_func("pthread_create")
   have_func("pthread_detach")
+  have_func("pthread_attr_setdetachstate")
 
   $VPATH << '$(topdir)' << '$(top_srcdir)'
   create_makefile("socket")
diff --git a/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c b/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
index bf0d90129f..9a65490b1d 100644
--- a/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
+++ b/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
@@ -62,9 +62,6 @@
 #endif
 #include <unistd.h>
 #else
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1200
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #include <io.h>
@@ -171,9 +168,7 @@ static const char *const ai_errlist[] = {
 
 #define GET_CANONNAME(ai, str) \
 if (pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME) {\
-        if (((ai)->ai_canonname = (char *)malloc(strlen(str) + 1)) != NULL) {\
-                strcpy((ai)->ai_canonname, (str));\
-        } else {\
+        if (((ai)->ai_canonname = strdup(str)) == NULL) {\
                 error = EAI_MEMORY;\
                 goto free;\
         }\
diff --git a/ext/socket/getnameinfo.c b/ext/socket/getnameinfo.c
index ae5284fab6..98da8c1647 100644
--- a/ext/socket/getnameinfo.c
+++ b/ext/socket/getnameinfo.c
@@ -55,9 +55,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1200
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #define snprintf _snprintf
@@ -158,16 +155,14 @@ getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, socklen_t ho
                 /* what we should do? */
         } else if (flags & NI_NUMERICSERV) {
                 snprintf(numserv, sizeof(numserv), "%d", ntohs(port));
-                if (strlen(numserv) + 1 > servlen)
+                if (strlcpy(serv, numserv, servlen) >= servlen)
                         return ENI_MEMORY;
-                strcpy(serv, numserv);
         } else {
 #if defined(HAVE_GETSERVBYPORT)
                 struct servent *sp = getservbyport(port, (flags & NI_DGRAM) ? "udp" : "tcp");
                 if (sp) {
-                        if (strlen(sp->s_name) + 1 > servlen)
+                        if (strlcpy(serv, sp->s_name, servlen) >= servlen)
                                 return ENI_MEMORY;
-                        strcpy(serv, sp->s_name);
                 } else
                         return ENI_NOSERVNAME;
 #else
@@ -202,9 +197,8 @@ getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, socklen_t ho
                 if (inet_ntop(afd->a_af, addr, numaddr, sizeof(numaddr))
                     == NULL)
                         return ENI_SYSTEM;
-                if (strlen(numaddr) > hostlen)
+                if (strlcpy(host, numaddr, hostlen) >= hostlen)
                         return ENI_MEMORY;
-                strcpy(host, numaddr);
         } else {
 #ifdef INET6
                 hp = getipnodebyaddr(addr, afd->a_addrlen, afd->a_af, &h_error);
@@ -218,13 +212,12 @@ getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, socklen_t ho
                                 p = strchr(hp->h_name, '.');
                                 if (p) *p = '\0';
                         }
-                        if (strlen(hp->h_name) + 1 > hostlen) {
+                        if (strlcpy(host, hp->h_name, hostlen) >= hostlen) {
 #ifdef INET6
                                 freehostent(hp);
 #endif
                                 return ENI_MEMORY;
                         }
-                        strcpy(host, hp->h_name);
 #ifdef INET6
                         freehostent(hp);
 #endif
@@ -234,9 +227,8 @@ getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, socklen_t ho
                         if (inet_ntop(afd->a_af, addr, numaddr, sizeof(numaddr))
                             == NULL)
                                 return ENI_NOHOSTNAME;
-                        if (strlen(numaddr) > hostlen)
+                        if (strlcpy(host, numaddr, hostlen) >= hostlen)
                                 return ENI_MEMORY;
-                        strcpy(host, numaddr);
                 }
         }
         return SUCCESS;
diff --git a/ext/socket/init.c b/ext/socket/init.c
index 8e405609ba..6091385561 100644
--- a/ext/socket/init.c
+++ b/ext/socket/init.c
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ rsock_socket(int domain, int type, int proto)
 
 /* emulate blocking connect behavior on EINTR or non-blocking socket */
 static int
-wait_connectable(VALUE self, VALUE timeout)
+wait_connectable(VALUE self, VALUE timeout, const struct sockaddr *sockaddr, int len)
 {
     int sockerr;
     socklen_t sockerrlen;
@@ -514,7 +514,9 @@ wait_connectable(VALUE self, VALUE timeout)
     VALUE result = rb_io_wait(self, RB_INT2NUM(RUBY_IO_READABLE|RUBY_IO_WRITABLE), timeout);
 
     if (result == Qfalse) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eIOTimeoutError, "Connect timed out!");
+        VALUE rai = rsock_addrinfo_new((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr, len, PF_UNSPEC, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil);
+        VALUE addr_str = rsock_addrinfo_inspect_sockaddr(rai);
+        rb_raise(rb_eIOTimeoutError, "user specified timeout for %" PRIsVALUE, addr_str);
     }
 
     int revents = RB_NUM2INT(result);
@@ -603,7 +605,7 @@ rsock_connect(VALUE self, const struct sockaddr *sockaddr, int len, int socks, V
 #ifdef EINPROGRESS
           case EINPROGRESS:
 #endif
-            return wait_connectable(self, timeout);
+            return wait_connectable(self, timeout, sockaddr, len);
         }
     }
     return status;
diff --git a/ext/socket/ipsocket.c b/ext/socket/ipsocket.c
index efaca265d5..e1943b8496 100644
--- a/ext/socket/ipsocket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/ipsocket.c
@@ -23,8 +23,25 @@ struct inetsock_arg
     int type;
     VALUE resolv_timeout;
     VALUE connect_timeout;
+    VALUE open_timeout;
 };
 
+void
+rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(struct addrinfo *ai, VALUE host, VALUE port)
+{
+    VALUE message;
+
+    if (ai && ai->ai_addr) {
+        VALUE rai = rsock_addrinfo_new((struct sockaddr *)ai->ai_addr, (socklen_t)ai->ai_addrlen, PF_UNSPEC, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil);
+        VALUE addr_str = rsock_addrinfo_inspect_sockaddr(rai);
+        message = rb_sprintf("user specified timeout for %" PRIsVALUE, addr_str);
+    } else {
+        message = rb_sprintf("user specified timeout for %" PRIsVALUE " port %" PRIsVALUE, host, port);
+    }
+
+    rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new_str(rb_eIOTimeoutError, message));
+}
+
 static VALUE
 inetsock_cleanup(VALUE v)
 {
@@ -45,6 +62,13 @@ inetsock_cleanup(VALUE v)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+current_clocktime(void)
+{
+    VALUE clock_monotnic_const = rb_const_get(rb_mProcess, rb_intern("CLOCK_MONOTONIC"));
+    return rb_funcall(rb_mProcess, rb_intern("clock_gettime"), 1, clock_monotnic_const);
+}
+
+static VALUE
 init_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 {
     struct inetsock_arg *arg = (void *)v;
@@ -54,12 +78,18 @@ init_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
     int status = 0, local = 0;
     int family = AF_UNSPEC;
     const char *syscall = 0;
+    VALUE resolv_timeout = arg->resolv_timeout;
     VALUE connect_timeout = arg->connect_timeout;
+    VALUE open_timeout = arg->open_timeout;
+    VALUE timeout;
+    VALUE starts_at;
+
+    timeout = NIL_P(open_timeout) ? resolv_timeout : open_timeout;
+    starts_at = current_clocktime();
 
     arg->remote.res = rsock_addrinfo(arg->remote.host, arg->remote.serv,
                                      family, SOCK_STREAM,
-                                     (type == INET_SERVER) ? AI_PASSIVE : 0);
-
+                                     (type == INET_SERVER) ? AI_PASSIVE : 0, timeout);
 
     /*
      * Maybe also accept a local address
@@ -67,7 +97,7 @@ init_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
     if (type != INET_SERVER && (!NIL_P(arg->local.host) || !NIL_P(arg->local.serv))) {
         arg->local.res = rsock_addrinfo(arg->local.host, arg->local.serv,
-                                        family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+                                        family, SOCK_STREAM, 0, timeout);
     }
 
     VALUE io = Qnil;
@@ -122,8 +152,18 @@ init_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                 syscall = "bind(2)";
             }
 
+            if (NIL_P(open_timeout)) {
+                timeout = connect_timeout;
+            } else {
+                VALUE elapsed = rb_funcall(current_clocktime(), '-', 1, starts_at);
+                timeout = rb_funcall(open_timeout, '-', 1, elapsed);
+                if (rb_funcall(timeout, '<', 1, INT2FIX(0)) == Qtrue) {
+                    rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(res, arg->remote.host, arg->remote.serv);
+                }
+            }
+
             if (status >= 0) {
-                status = rsock_connect(io, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, (type == INET_SOCKS), connect_timeout);
+                status = rsock_connect(io, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, (type == INET_SOCKS), timeout);
                 syscall = "connect(2)";
             }
         }
@@ -172,8 +212,16 @@ init_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 #if FAST_FALLBACK_INIT_INETSOCK_IMPL == 0
 
 VALUE
-rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type, VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE _fast_fallback, VALUE _test_mode_settings)
+rsock_init_inetsock(
+    VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv,
+    VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type,
+    VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE open_timeout,
+    VALUE _fast_fallback, VALUE _test_mode_settings)
 {
+    if (!NIL_P(open_timeout) && (!NIL_P(resolv_timeout) || !NIL_P(connect_timeout))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Cannot specify open_timeout along with connect_timeout or resolv_timeout");
+    }
+
     struct inetsock_arg arg;
     arg.self = self;
     arg.io = Qnil;
@@ -186,6 +234,7 @@ rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE loca
     arg.type = type;
     arg.resolv_timeout = resolv_timeout;
     arg.connect_timeout = connect_timeout;
+    arg.open_timeout = open_timeout;
     return rb_ensure(init_inetsock_internal, (VALUE)&arg,
                      inetsock_cleanup, (VALUE)&arg);
 }
@@ -209,6 +258,21 @@ is_specified_ip_address(const char *hostname)
             inet_pton(AF_INET, hostname, &ipv4addr) == 1);
 }
 
+static int
+is_local_port_fixed(const char *portp)
+{
+    if (!portp) return 0;
+
+    char *endp;
+    errno = 0;
+    long port = strtol(portp, &endp, 10);
+
+    if (endp == portp) return 0;
+    if (errno == ERANGE) return 0;
+
+    return port > 0;
+}
+
 struct fast_fallback_inetsock_arg
 {
     VALUE self;
@@ -221,6 +285,7 @@ struct fast_fallback_inetsock_arg
     int type;
     VALUE resolv_timeout;
     VALUE connect_timeout;
+    VALUE open_timeout;
 
     const char *hostp, *portp;
     int *families;
@@ -295,7 +360,7 @@ struct hostname_resolution_store
 {
     struct hostname_resolution_result v6;
     struct hostname_resolution_result v4;
-    int is_all_finised;
+    int is_all_finished;
 };
 
 static int
@@ -380,12 +445,22 @@ select_expires_at(
     struct timeval *resolution_delay,
     struct timeval *connection_attempt_delay,
     struct timeval *user_specified_resolv_timeout_at,
-    struct timeval *user_specified_connect_timeout_at
-) {
+    struct timeval *user_specified_connect_timeout_at,
+    struct timeval *user_specified_open_timeout_at)
+{
     if (any_addrinfos(resolution_store)) {
-        return resolution_delay ? resolution_delay : connection_attempt_delay;
+        struct timeval *delay;
+        delay = resolution_delay ? resolution_delay : connection_attempt_delay;
+
+        if (user_specified_open_timeout_at &&
+            timercmp(user_specified_open_timeout_at, delay, <)) {
+            return user_specified_open_timeout_at;
+        }
+        return delay;
     }
 
+    if (user_specified_open_timeout_at) return user_specified_open_timeout_at;
+
     struct timeval *timeout = NULL;
 
     if (user_specified_resolv_timeout_at) {
@@ -474,7 +549,8 @@ in_progress_fds(int fds_size)
 }
 
 static void
-remove_connection_attempt_fd(int *fds, int *fds_size, int removing_fd) {
+remove_connection_attempt_fd(int *fds, int *fds_size, int removing_fd)
+{
     int i, j;
 
     for (i = 0; i < *fds_size; i++) {
@@ -503,6 +579,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
     VALUE io = arg->io;
     VALUE resolv_timeout = arg->resolv_timeout;
     VALUE connect_timeout = arg->connect_timeout;
+    VALUE open_timeout = arg->open_timeout;
     VALUE test_mode_settings = arg->test_mode_settings;
     struct addrinfo *remote_ai = NULL, *local_ai = NULL;
     int connected_fd = -1, status = 0, local_status = 0;
@@ -527,7 +604,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
     struct timeval *delay_p = NULL;
 
     struct hostname_resolution_store resolution_store;
-    resolution_store.is_all_finised = false;
+    resolution_store.is_all_finished = false;
     resolution_store.v6.ai = NULL;
     resolution_store.v6.finished = false;
     resolution_store.v6.has_error = false;
@@ -549,7 +626,16 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
     struct timeval *user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = NULL;
     struct timeval user_specified_connect_timeout_storage;
     struct timeval *user_specified_connect_timeout_at = NULL;
+    struct timeval user_specified_open_timeout_storage;
+    struct timeval *user_specified_open_timeout_at = NULL;
     struct timespec now = current_clocktime_ts();
+    VALUE starts_at = current_clocktime();
+
+    if (!NIL_P(open_timeout)) {
+        struct timeval open_timeout_tv = rb_time_interval(open_timeout);
+        user_specified_open_timeout_storage = add_ts_to_tv(open_timeout_tv, now);
+        user_specified_open_timeout_at = &user_specified_open_timeout_storage;
+    }
 
     /* start of hostname resolution */
     if (arg->family_size == 1) {
@@ -557,12 +643,15 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
         arg->getaddrinfo_shared = NULL;
 
         int family = arg->families[0];
+        VALUE t = NIL_P(open_timeout) ? resolv_timeout : open_timeout;
+
         arg->remote.res = rsock_addrinfo(
             arg->remote.host,
             arg->remote.serv,
             family,
             SOCK_STREAM,
-            0
+            0,
+            t
         );
 
         if (family == AF_INET6) {
@@ -574,7 +663,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             resolution_store.v4.finished = true;
             resolution_store.v6.finished = true;
         }
-        resolution_store.is_all_finised = true;
+        resolution_store.is_all_finished = true;
     } else {
         if (pipe(pipefd) != 0) rb_syserr_fail(errno, "pipe(2)");
         hostname_resolution_waiter = pipefd[0];
@@ -593,7 +682,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
         arg->getaddrinfo_shared->notify = hostname_resolution_notifier;
 
         arg->getaddrinfo_shared->node = arg->hostp ? ruby_strdup(arg->hostp) : NULL;
-        arg->getaddrinfo_shared->service = ruby_strdup(arg->portp);
+        arg->getaddrinfo_shared->service = arg->portp ? ruby_strdup(arg->portp) : NULL;
         arg->getaddrinfo_shared->refcount = arg->family_size + 1;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < arg->family_size; i++) {
@@ -640,7 +729,6 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             if (raddrinfo_pthread_create(&threads[i], fork_safe_do_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo, arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i]) != 0) {
                 rsock_raise_resolution_error("getaddrinfo(3)", EAI_AGAIN);
             }
-            pthread_detach(threads[i]);
         }
 
         if (NIL_P(resolv_timeout)) {
@@ -664,7 +752,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                 if (remote_ai->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
                     if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                     if (!in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                    if (resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                    if (resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                     if (local_status < 0) {
                         host = arg->local.host;
@@ -690,7 +778,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                     if (!local_ai) {
                         if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                         if (in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                         /* Use a different family local address if no choice, this
                          * will cause EAFNOSUPPORT. */
@@ -707,7 +795,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
                     if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                     if (in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                    if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                    if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                     if (local_status < 0) {
                         host = arg->local.host;
@@ -743,7 +831,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
                         if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                         if (in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                         if (local_status < 0) {
                             host = arg->local.host;
@@ -764,19 +852,31 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
                 if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store) ||
                     in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size) ||
-                    !resolution_store.is_all_finised) {
+                    !resolution_store.is_all_finished) {
                     socket_nonblock_set(fd);
                     status = connect(fd, remote_ai->ai_addr, remote_ai->ai_addrlen);
                     last_family = remote_ai->ai_family;
                 } else {
-                    if (!NIL_P(connect_timeout)) {
-                        user_specified_connect_timeout_storage = rb_time_interval(connect_timeout);
-                        user_specified_connect_timeout_at = &user_specified_connect_timeout_storage;
+                    VALUE timeout = Qnil;
+
+                    if (!NIL_P(open_timeout)) {
+                        VALUE elapsed = rb_funcall(current_clocktime(), '-', 1, starts_at);
+                        timeout = rb_funcall(open_timeout, '-', 1, elapsed);
+
+                        if (rb_funcall(timeout, '<', 1, INT2FIX(0)) == Qtrue) {
+                            rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(NULL, arg->remote.host, arg->remote.serv);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (NIL_P(timeout)) {
+                        if (!NIL_P(connect_timeout)) {
+                            user_specified_connect_timeout_storage = rb_time_interval(connect_timeout);
+                            user_specified_connect_timeout_at = &user_specified_connect_timeout_storage;
+                        }
+                        timeout =
+                          (user_specified_connect_timeout_at && is_infinity(*user_specified_connect_timeout_at)) ?
+                          Qnil : tv_to_seconds(user_specified_connect_timeout_at);
                     }
 
-                    VALUE timeout =
-                        (user_specified_connect_timeout_at && is_infinity(*user_specified_connect_timeout_at)) ?
-                        Qnil : tv_to_seconds(user_specified_connect_timeout_at);
                     io = arg->io = rsock_init_sock(arg->self, fd);
                     status = rsock_connect(io, remote_ai->ai_addr, remote_ai->ai_addrlen, 0, timeout);
                 }
@@ -824,7 +924,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
                 if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                 if (in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                 if (local_status < 0) {
                     host = arg->local.host;
@@ -848,7 +948,8 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             resolution_delay_expires_at,
             connection_attempt_delay_expires_at,
             user_specified_resolv_timeout_at,
-            user_specified_connect_timeout_at
+            user_specified_connect_timeout_at,
+            user_specified_open_timeout_at
         );
         if (ends_at) {
             delay = tv_to_timeout(ends_at, now);
@@ -922,7 +1023,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
 
                         if (any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) continue;
                         if (in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) break;
-                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) break;
+                        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) break;
 
                         if (local_status < 0) {
                             host = arg->local.host;
@@ -961,7 +1062,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                 if (connected_fd >= 0) break;
 
                 if (!in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size)) {
-                    if (!any_addrinfos(&resolution_store) && resolution_store.is_all_finised) {
+                    if (!any_addrinfos(&resolution_store) && resolution_store.is_all_finished) {
                         if (local_status < 0) {
                             host = arg->local.host;
                             serv = arg->local.serv;
@@ -981,7 +1082,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             }
 
             /* check for hostname resolution */
-            if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised && rb_fd_isset(hostname_resolution_waiter, &arg->readfds)) {
+            if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished && rb_fd_isset(hostname_resolution_waiter, &arg->readfds)) {
                 while (true) {
                     resolved_type_size = read(
                         hostname_resolution_waiter,
@@ -1007,7 +1108,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                                 resolution_store.v6.ai = arg->getaddrinfo_entries[IPV6_ENTRY_POS]->ai;
                             }
                             if (resolution_store.v4.finished) {
-                                resolution_store.is_all_finised = true;
+                                resolution_store.is_all_finished = true;
                                 resolution_delay_expires_at = NULL;
                                 user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = NULL;
                                 break;
@@ -1027,7 +1128,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                             }
 
                             if (resolution_store.v6.finished) {
-                                resolution_store.is_all_finised = true;
+                                resolution_store.is_all_finished = true;
                                 resolution_delay_expires_at = NULL;
                                 user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = NULL;
                                 break;
@@ -1055,7 +1156,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
         }
 
         /* For cases where write(2) fails in child threads */
-        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finised) {
+        if (!resolution_store.is_all_finished) {
             if (!resolution_store.v6.finished && arg->getaddrinfo_entries[IPV6_ENTRY_POS]->has_syserr) {
                 resolution_store.v6.finished = true;
 
@@ -1071,7 +1172,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                 }
 
                 if (resolution_store.v4.finished) {
-                    resolution_store.is_all_finised = true;
+                    resolution_store.is_all_finished = true;
                     resolution_delay_expires_at = NULL;
                     user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = NULL;
                 }
@@ -1091,7 +1192,7 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
                 }
 
                 if (resolution_store.v6.finished) {
-                    resolution_store.is_all_finised = true;
+                    resolution_store.is_all_finished = true;
                     resolution_delay_expires_at = NULL;
                     user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = NULL;
                 } else {
@@ -1101,9 +1202,13 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             }
         }
 
+        if (is_timeout_tv(user_specified_open_timeout_at, now)) {
+            rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(NULL, arg->remote.host, arg->remote.serv);
+        }
+
         if (!any_addrinfos(&resolution_store)) {
             if (!in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size) &&
-                resolution_store.is_all_finised) {
+                resolution_store.is_all_finished) {
                 if (local_status < 0) {
                     host = arg->local.host;
                     serv = arg->local.serv;
@@ -1119,12 +1224,10 @@ init_fast_fallback_inetsock_internal(VALUE v)
             }
 
             if ((is_timeout_tv(user_specified_resolv_timeout_at, now) ||
-                resolution_store.is_all_finised) &&
+                resolution_store.is_all_finished) &&
                 (is_timeout_tv(user_specified_connect_timeout_at, now) ||
                 !in_progress_fds(arg->connection_attempt_fds_size))) {
-                VALUE errno_module = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Errno"));
-                VALUE etimedout_error = rb_const_get(errno_module, rb_intern("ETIMEDOUT"));
-                rb_raise(etimedout_error, "user specified timeout");
+                rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(NULL, arg->remote.host, arg->remote.serv);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1159,13 +1262,19 @@ fast_fallback_inetsock_cleanup(VALUE v)
         getaddrinfo_shared->notify = -1;
 
         int shared_need_free = 0;
-        int need_free[2] = { 0, 0 };
+        struct addrinfo *ais[arg->family_size];
+        for (int i = 0; i < arg->family_size; i++) ais[i] = NULL;
 
         rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&getaddrinfo_shared->lock);
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < arg->family_size; i++) {
-                if (arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i] && --(arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i]->refcount) == 0) {
-                    need_free[i] = 1;
+                struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry *getaddrinfo_entry = arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i];
+
+                if (!getaddrinfo_entry) continue;
+
+                if (--(getaddrinfo_entry->refcount) == 0) {
+                    ais[i] = getaddrinfo_entry->ai;
+                    getaddrinfo_entry->ai = NULL;
                 }
             }
             if (--(getaddrinfo_shared->refcount) == 0) {
@@ -1175,9 +1284,7 @@ fast_fallback_inetsock_cleanup(VALUE v)
         rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&getaddrinfo_shared->lock);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < arg->family_size; i++) {
-            if (arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i] && need_free[i]) {
-                free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry(&arg->getaddrinfo_entries[i]);
-            }
+            if (ais[i]) freeaddrinfo(ais[i]);
         }
         if (getaddrinfo_shared && shared_need_free) {
             free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared(&getaddrinfo_shared);
@@ -1210,17 +1317,27 @@ fast_fallback_inetsock_cleanup(VALUE v)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type, VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE fast_fallback, VALUE test_mode_settings)
+rsock_init_inetsock(
+    VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv,
+    VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type,
+    VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE open_timeout,
+    VALUE fast_fallback, VALUE test_mode_settings)
 {
+    if (!NIL_P(open_timeout) && (!NIL_P(resolv_timeout) || !NIL_P(connect_timeout))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Cannot specify open_timeout along with connect_timeout or resolv_timeout");
+    }
+
     if (type == INET_CLIENT && FAST_FALLBACK_INIT_INETSOCK_IMPL == 1 && RTEST(fast_fallback)) {
         struct rb_addrinfo *local_res = NULL;
-        char *hostp, *portp;
-        char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
+        char *hostp, *portp, *local_portp;
+        char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], pbuf[NI_MAXSERV], local_pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
         int additional_flags = 0;
+        int local_flags = 0;
         hostp = raddrinfo_host_str(remote_host, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), &additional_flags);
         portp = raddrinfo_port_str(remote_serv, pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), &additional_flags);
+        local_portp = raddrinfo_port_str(local_serv, local_pbuf, sizeof(local_pbuf), &local_flags);
 
-        if (!is_specified_ip_address(hostp)) {
+        if (!is_specified_ip_address(hostp) && !is_local_port_fixed(local_portp)) {
             int target_families[2] = { 0, 0 };
             int resolving_family_size = 0;
 
@@ -1228,16 +1345,18 @@ rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE loca
              * Maybe also accept a local address
              */
             if (!NIL_P(local_host) || !NIL_P(local_serv)) {
+                VALUE t = NIL_P(open_timeout) ? resolv_timeout : open_timeout;
                 local_res = rsock_addrinfo(
                     local_host,
                     local_serv,
                     AF_UNSPEC,
                     SOCK_STREAM,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    t
                 );
 
                 struct addrinfo *tmp_p = local_res->ai;
-                for (tmp_p; tmp_p != NULL; tmp_p = tmp_p->ai_next) {
+                for (; tmp_p != NULL; tmp_p = tmp_p->ai_next) {
                     if (target_families[0] == 0 && tmp_p->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
                         target_families[0] = AF_INET6;
                         resolving_family_size++;
@@ -1267,6 +1386,7 @@ rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE loca
             fast_fallback_arg.type = type;
             fast_fallback_arg.resolv_timeout = resolv_timeout;
             fast_fallback_arg.connect_timeout = connect_timeout;
+            fast_fallback_arg.open_timeout = open_timeout;
             fast_fallback_arg.hostp = hostp;
             fast_fallback_arg.portp = portp;
             fast_fallback_arg.additional_flags = additional_flags;
@@ -1303,6 +1423,7 @@ rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE self, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE loca
     arg.type = type;
     arg.resolv_timeout = resolv_timeout;
     arg.connect_timeout = connect_timeout;
+    arg.open_timeout = open_timeout;
 
     return rb_ensure(init_inetsock_internal, (VALUE)&arg,
                      inetsock_cleanup, (VALUE)&arg);
@@ -1488,7 +1609,7 @@ static VALUE
 ip_s_getaddress(VALUE obj, VALUE host)
 {
     union_sockaddr addr;
-    struct rb_addrinfo *res = rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    struct rb_addrinfo *res = rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, 0, Qnil);
     socklen_t len = res->ai->ai_addrlen;
 
     /* just take the first one */
diff --git a/ext/socket/lib/socket.rb b/ext/socket/lib/socket.rb
index ae73b8799e..465b74964f 100644
--- a/ext/socket/lib/socket.rb
+++ b/ext/socket/lib/socket.rb
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Addrinfo
           break
         when :wait_writable
           sock.wait_writable(timeout) or
-            raise Errno::ETIMEDOUT, 'user specified timeout'
+            raise Errno::ETIMEDOUT, "user specified timeout for #{self.ip_address}:#{self.ip_port}"
         end while true
       else
         sock.connect(self)
@@ -599,6 +599,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
     __accept_nonblock(exception)
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   RESOLUTION_DELAY = 0.05
   private_constant :RESOLUTION_DELAY
 
@@ -616,6 +617,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
 
   IPV6_ADDRESS_FORMAT = /\A(?i:(?:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){7}(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){6}(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){1,5}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){5}(?:(?::[0-9A-F]{1,4}){1,2}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){1,4}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){4}(?:(?::[0-9A-F]{1,4}){1,3}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){1,3}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){3}(?:(?::[0-9A-F]{1,4}){1,4}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){1,2}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){2}(?:(?::[0-9A-F]{1,4}){1,5}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:)[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){1}(?:(?::[0-9A-F]{1,4}){1,6}|:(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|:)|(?:::(?:[0-9A-F]{1,4}:){0,7}[0-9A-F]{1,4}|::)))(?:%.+)?\z/
   private_constant :IPV6_ADDRESS_FORMAT
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # :call-seq:
   #   Socket.tcp(host, port, local_host=nil, local_port=nil, [opts]) {|socket| ... }
@@ -643,6 +645,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
   #
   # [:resolv_timeout] Specifies the timeout in seconds from when the hostname resolution starts.
   # [:connect_timeout] This method sequentially attempts connecting to all candidate destination addresses.<br>The +connect_timeout+ specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the connection attempt to the last candidate.<br>By default, all connection attempts continue until the timeout occurs.<br>When +fast_fallback:false+ is explicitly specified,<br>a timeout is set for each connection attempt and any connection attempt that exceeds its timeout will be canceled.
+  # [:open_timeout] Specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the method execution.<br>If this timeout is reached while there are still addresses that have not yet been attempted for connection, no further attempts will be made.<br>If this option is specified together with other timeout options, an +ArgumentError+ will be raised.
   # [:fast_fallback] Enables the Happy Eyeballs Version 2 algorithm (enabled by default).
   #
   # If a block is given, the block is called with the socket.
@@ -656,11 +659,15 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
   #     sock.close_write
   #     puts sock.read
   #   }
-  def self.tcp(host, port, local_host = nil, local_port = nil, connect_timeout: nil, resolv_timeout: nil, fast_fallback: tcp_fast_fallback, &) # :yield: socket
-    sock = if fast_fallback && !(host && ip_address?(host))
-      tcp_with_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:)
+  def self.tcp(host, port, local_host = nil, local_port = nil, connect_timeout: nil, resolv_timeout: nil, open_timeout: nil, fast_fallback: tcp_fast_fallback, &) # :yield: socket
+    if open_timeout && (connect_timeout || resolv_timeout)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify open_timeout along with connect_timeout or resolv_timeout"
+    end
+
+    sock = if fast_fallback && !(host && ip_address?(host)) && !(local_port && local_port.to_i != 0)
+      tcp_with_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:, open_timeout:)
     else
-      tcp_without_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:)
+      tcp_without_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:, open_timeout:)
     end
 
     if block_given?
@@ -674,9 +681,10 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
     end
   end
 
-  def self.tcp_with_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host = nil, local_port = nil, connect_timeout: nil, resolv_timeout: nil)
+  # :stopdoc:
+  def self.tcp_with_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host = nil, local_port = nil, connect_timeout: nil, resolv_timeout: nil, open_timeout: nil)
     if local_host || local_port
-      local_addrinfos = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(local_host, local_port, nil, :STREAM, timeout: resolv_timeout)
+      local_addrinfos = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(local_host, local_port, nil, :STREAM, timeout: open_timeout || resolv_timeout)
       resolving_family_names = local_addrinfos.map { |lai| ADDRESS_FAMILIES.key(lai.afamily) }.uniq
     else
       local_addrinfos = []
@@ -689,14 +697,17 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
     is_windows_environment ||= (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|mingw|cygwin/)
 
     now = current_clock_time
+    starts_at = now
     resolution_delay_expires_at = nil
     connection_attempt_delay_expires_at = nil
     user_specified_connect_timeout_at = nil
+    user_specified_open_timeout_at = open_timeout ? now + open_timeout : nil
     last_error = nil
+    last_error_from_thread = false
 
     if resolving_family_names.size == 1
       family_name = resolving_family_names.first
-      addrinfos = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(host, port, family_name, :STREAM, timeout: resolv_timeout)
+      addrinfos = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(host, port, ADDRESS_FAMILIES[:family_name], :STREAM, timeout: open_timeout || resolv_timeout)
       resolution_store.add_resolved(family_name, addrinfos)
       hostname_resolution_result = nil
       hostname_resolution_notifier = nil
@@ -713,7 +724,6 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
           thread
         }
       )
-
       user_specified_resolv_timeout_at = resolv_timeout ? now + resolv_timeout : Float::INFINITY
     end
 
@@ -725,7 +735,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
           if local_addrinfos.any?
             local_addrinfo = local_addrinfos.find { |lai| lai.afamily == addrinfo.afamily }
 
-            if local_addrinfo.nil? # Connecting addrinfoと同じアドレスファミリのLocal addrinfoがない
+            if local_addrinfo.nil?
               if resolution_store.any_addrinfos?
                 # Try other Addrinfo in next "while"
                 next
@@ -747,9 +757,16 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
               socket.bind(local_addrinfo) if local_addrinfo
               result = socket.connect_nonblock(addrinfo, exception: false)
             else
+              timeout =
+                if open_timeout
+                  t = open_timeout - (current_clock_time - starts_at)
+                  t.negative? ? 0 : t
+                else
+                  connect_timeout
+                end
               result = socket = local_addrinfo ?
-                addrinfo.connect_from(local_addrinfo, timeout: connect_timeout) :
-                addrinfo.connect(timeout: connect_timeout)
+                addrinfo.connect_from(local_addrinfo, timeout:) :
+                addrinfo.connect(timeout:)
             end
 
             if result == :wait_writable
@@ -783,7 +800,10 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
 
       ends_at =
         if resolution_store.any_addrinfos?
-          resolution_delay_expires_at || connection_attempt_delay_expires_at
+          [(resolution_delay_expires_at || connection_attempt_delay_expires_at),
+           user_specified_open_timeout_at].compact.min
+        elsif user_specified_open_timeout_at
+          user_specified_open_timeout_at
         else
           [user_specified_resolv_timeout_at, user_specified_connect_timeout_at].compact.max
         end
@@ -865,6 +885,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
               other = family_name == :ipv6 ? :ipv4 : :ipv6
               if !resolution_store.resolved?(other) || !resolution_store.resolved_successfully?(other)
                 last_error = result
+                last_error_from_thread = true
               end
             end
           else
@@ -883,39 +904,47 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
         end
       end
 
+      if expired?(now, user_specified_open_timeout_at)
+        raise(IO::TimeoutError, "user specified timeout for #{host}:#{port}")
+      end
+
       if resolution_store.empty_addrinfos?
         if connecting_sockets.empty? && resolution_store.resolved_all_families?
-          raise last_error
+          if last_error_from_thread
+            raise last_error.class, last_error.message, cause: last_error
+          else
+            raise last_error
+          end
         end
 
         if (expired?(now, user_specified_resolv_timeout_at) || resolution_store.resolved_all_families?) &&
            (expired?(now, user_specified_connect_timeout_at) || connecting_sockets.empty?)
-          raise Errno::ETIMEDOUT, 'user specified timeout'
+          raise(IO::TimeoutError, "user specified timeout for #{host}:#{port}")
         end
       end
     end
   ensure
-    hostname_resolution_threads.each do |thread|
-      thread.exit
-    end
+    hostname_resolution_threads.each(&:exit).each(&:join)
 
     hostname_resolution_result&.close
 
-    connecting_sockets.each_key do |connecting_socket|
-      connecting_socket.close
-    end
+    connecting_sockets.each_key(&:close)
   end
+  private_class_method :tcp_with_fast_fallback
 
-  def self.tcp_without_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:)
+  def self.tcp_without_fast_fallback(host, port, local_host, local_port, connect_timeout:, resolv_timeout:, open_timeout:)
     last_error = nil
     ret = nil
 
     local_addr_list = nil
     if local_host != nil || local_port != nil
-      local_addr_list = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(local_host, local_port, nil, :STREAM, nil)
+      local_addr_list = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(local_host, local_port, nil, :STREAM, nil, timeout: open_timeout || resolv_timeout)
     end
 
-    Addrinfo.foreach(host, port, nil, :STREAM, timeout: resolv_timeout) {|ai|
+    timeout = open_timeout ? open_timeout : resolv_timeout
+    starts_at = current_clock_time
+
+    Addrinfo.foreach(host, port, nil, :STREAM, timeout:) {|ai|
       if local_addr_list
         local_addr = local_addr_list.find {|local_ai| local_ai.afamily == ai.afamily }
         next unless local_addr
@@ -923,9 +952,17 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
         local_addr = nil
       end
       begin
+        timeout =
+          if open_timeout
+            t = open_timeout - (current_clock_time - starts_at)
+            t.negative? ? 0 : t
+          else
+            connect_timeout
+          end
+
         sock = local_addr ?
-          ai.connect_from(local_addr, timeout: connect_timeout) :
-          ai.connect(timeout: connect_timeout)
+          ai.connect_from(local_addr, timeout:) :
+          ai.connect(timeout:)
       rescue SystemCallError
         last_error = $!
         next
@@ -1084,7 +1121,6 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
   end
   private_constant :HostnameResolutionStore
 
-  # :stopdoc:
   def self.ip_sockets_port0(ai_list, reuseaddr)
     sockets = []
     begin
@@ -1117,9 +1153,7 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
     end
     sockets
   end
-  class << self
-    private :ip_sockets_port0
-  end
+  private_class_method :ip_sockets_port0
 
   def self.tcp_server_sockets_port0(host)
     ai_list = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo(host, 0, nil, :STREAM, nil, Socket::AI_PASSIVE)
@@ -1547,13 +1581,18 @@ class Socket < BasicSocket
     end
   end
 
-  class << self
-    private
-
-    def unix_socket_abstract_name?(path)
-      /linux/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM && /\A(\0|\z)/ =~ path
+  # :stopdoc:
+  if RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("linux")
+    def self.unix_socket_abstract_name?(path)
+      path.empty? or path.start_with?("\0")
+    end
+  else
+    def self.unix_socket_abstract_name?(path)
+      false
     end
   end
+  private_class_method :unix_socket_abstract_name?
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # creates a UNIX socket server on _path_.
   # It calls the block for each socket accepted.
diff --git a/ext/socket/raddrinfo.c b/ext/socket/raddrinfo.c
index ac47b5b256..f1fbcc35de 100644
--- a/ext/socket/raddrinfo.c
+++ b/ext/socket/raddrinfo.c
@@ -293,10 +293,22 @@ rb_freeaddrinfo(struct rb_addrinfo *ai)
     xfree(ai);
 }
 
+static int
+rsock_value_timeout_to_msec(VALUE timeout)
+{
+    double seconds = NUM2DBL(timeout);
+    if (seconds < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "timeout must not be negative");
+
+    double msec = seconds * 1000.0;
+    if (msec > UINT_MAX) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "timeout too large");
+
+    return (unsigned int)(msec + 0.5);
+}
+
 #if GETADDRINFO_IMPL == 0
 
 static int
-rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai)
+rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai, int _timeout)
 {
     return getaddrinfo(hostp, portp, hints, ai);
 }
@@ -334,7 +346,7 @@ fork_safe_getaddrinfo(void *arg)
 }
 
 static int
-rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai)
+rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai, int _timeout)
 {
     struct getaddrinfo_arg arg;
     MEMZERO(&arg, struct getaddrinfo_arg, 1);
@@ -352,13 +364,14 @@ struct getaddrinfo_arg
     char *node, *service;
     struct addrinfo hints;
     struct addrinfo *ai;
-    int err, gai_errno, refcount, done, cancelled;
+    int err, gai_errno, refcount, done, cancelled, timedout;
     rb_nativethread_lock_t lock;
     rb_nativethread_cond_t cond;
+    int timeout;
 };
 
 static struct getaddrinfo_arg *
-allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints)
+allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, int timeout)
 {
     size_t hostp_offset = sizeof(struct getaddrinfo_arg);
     size_t portp_offset = hostp_offset + (hostp ? strlen(hostp) + 1 : 0);
@@ -374,7 +387,7 @@ allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addr
 
     if (hostp) {
         arg->node = buf + hostp_offset;
-        strcpy(arg->node, hostp);
+        memcpy(arg->node, hostp, portp_offset - hostp_offset);
     }
     else {
         arg->node = NULL;
@@ -382,7 +395,7 @@ allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addr
 
     if (portp) {
         arg->service = buf + portp_offset;
-        strcpy(arg->service, portp);
+        memcpy(arg->service, portp, bufsize - portp_offset);
     }
     else {
         arg->service = NULL;
@@ -392,7 +405,8 @@ allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addr
     arg->ai = NULL;
 
     arg->refcount = 2;
-    arg->done = arg->cancelled = 0;
+    arg->done = arg->cancelled = arg->timedout = 0;
+    arg->timeout = timeout;
 
     rb_nativethread_lock_initialize(&arg->lock);
     rb_native_cond_initialize(&arg->cond);
@@ -451,7 +465,19 @@ wait_getaddrinfo(void *ptr)
     struct getaddrinfo_arg *arg = (struct getaddrinfo_arg *)ptr;
     rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&arg->lock);
     while (!arg->done && !arg->cancelled) {
-        rb_native_cond_wait(&arg->cond, &arg->lock);
+        long msec = arg->timeout;
+        if (msec == 0) {
+            arg->cancelled = 1;
+            arg->timedout = 1;
+        } else if (msec > 0) {
+            rb_native_cond_timedwait(&arg->cond, &arg->lock, msec);
+            if (!arg->done) {
+                arg->cancelled = 1;
+                arg->timedout = 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            rb_native_cond_wait(&arg->cond, &arg->lock);
+        }
     }
     rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&arg->lock);
     return 0;
@@ -473,13 +499,49 @@ int
 raddrinfo_pthread_create(pthread_t *th, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg)
 {
     int limit = 3, ret;
+    int saved_errno;
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_SETDETACHSTATE
+    pthread_attr_t attr;
+    pthread_attr_t *attr_p = &attr;
+    int err;
+    int init_retries = 0;
+    int init_retries_max = 3;
+retry_attr_init:
+    if ((err = pthread_attr_init(attr_p)) != 0) {
+        if (err == ENOMEM && init_retries < init_retries_max) {
+            init_retries++;
+            rb_gc();
+            goto retry_attr_init;
+        }
+        return err;
+    }
+    if ((err = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(attr_p, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED)) != 0) {
+        saved_errno = errno;
+        pthread_attr_destroy(attr_p);
+        errno = saved_errno;
+        return err; // EINVAL - shouldn't happen
+    }
+#else
+    pthread_attr_t *attr_p = NULL;
+#endif
     do {
         // It is said that pthread_create may fail spuriously, so we follow the JDK and retry several times.
         //
         // https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8268605
         // https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/commit/e35005d5ce383ddd108096a3079b17cb0bcf76f1
-        ret = pthread_create(th, 0, start_routine, arg);
+        ret = pthread_create(th, attr_p, start_routine, arg);
     } while (ret == EAGAIN && limit-- > 0);
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_SETDETACHSTATE
+    saved_errno = errno;
+    pthread_attr_destroy(attr_p);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        errno = saved_errno;
+    }
+#else
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        pthread_detach(th); // this can race with shutdown routine of thread in some glibc versions
+    }
+#endif
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -490,16 +552,16 @@ fork_safe_do_getaddrinfo(void *ptr)
 }
 
 static int
-rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai)
+rb_getaddrinfo(const char *hostp, const char *portp, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **ai, int timeout)
 {
     int retry;
     struct getaddrinfo_arg *arg;
-    int err = 0, gai_errno = 0;
+    int err = 0, gai_errno = 0, timedout = 0;
 
 start:
     retry = 0;
 
-    arg = allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(hostp, portp, hints);
+    arg = allocate_getaddrinfo_arg(hostp, portp, hints, timeout);
     if (!arg) {
         return EAI_MEMORY;
     }
@@ -511,7 +573,6 @@ start:
         errno = err;
         return EAI_SYSTEM;
     }
-    pthread_detach(th);
 
     rb_thread_call_without_gvl2(wait_getaddrinfo, arg, cancel_getaddrinfo, arg);
 
@@ -525,6 +586,7 @@ start:
         }
         else if (arg->cancelled) {
             retry = 1;
+            timedout = arg->timedout;
         }
         else {
             // If already interrupted, rb_thread_call_without_gvl2 may return without calling wait_getaddrinfo.
@@ -538,6 +600,12 @@ start:
 
     if (need_free) free_getaddrinfo_arg(arg);
 
+    if (timedout) {
+        VALUE host = rb_str_new_cstr(hostp);
+        VALUE port = rb_str_new_cstr(portp);
+        rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(NULL, host, port);
+    }
+
     // If the current thread is interrupted by asynchronous exception, the following raises the exception.
     // But if the current thread is interrupted by timer thread, the following returns; we need to manually retry.
     rb_thread_check_ints();
@@ -552,6 +620,10 @@ start:
 
 #endif
 
+#define GETNAMEINFO_WONT_BLOCK(host, serv, flags) \
+    ((!(host) || ((flags) & NI_NUMERICHOST)) && \
+     (!(serv) || ((flags) & NI_NUMERICSERV)))
+
 #if GETADDRINFO_IMPL == 0
 
 int
@@ -559,7 +631,7 @@ rb_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
            char *host, size_t hostlen,
            char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags)
 {
-    return getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
+    return getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, (socklen_t)hostlen, serv, (socklen_t)servlen, flags);
 }
 
 #elif GETADDRINFO_IMPL == 1
@@ -589,6 +661,10 @@ rb_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
                char *host, size_t hostlen,
                char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags)
 {
+    if (GETNAMEINFO_WONT_BLOCK(host, serv, flags)) {
+        return getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
+    }
+
     struct getnameinfo_arg arg;
     int ret;
     arg.sa = sa;
@@ -715,7 +791,11 @@ rb_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
 {
     int retry;
     struct getnameinfo_arg *arg;
-    int err, gni_errno = 0;
+    int err = 0, gni_errno = 0;
+
+    if (GETNAMEINFO_WONT_BLOCK(host, serv, flags)) {
+        return getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, (socklen_t)hostlen, serv, (socklen_t)servlen, flags);
+    }
 
 start:
     retry = 0;
@@ -732,7 +812,6 @@ start:
         errno = err;
         return EAI_SYSTEM;
     }
-    pthread_detach(th);
 
     rb_thread_call_without_gvl2(wait_getnameinfo, arg, cancel_getnameinfo, arg);
 
@@ -941,7 +1020,7 @@ rb_scheduler_getaddrinfo(VALUE scheduler, VALUE host, const char *service,
 }
 
 struct rb_addrinfo*
-rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_hack)
+rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_hack, VALUE timeout)
 {
     struct rb_addrinfo* res = NULL;
     struct addrinfo *ai;
@@ -976,7 +1055,8 @@ rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_h
         }
 
         if (!resolved) {
-            error = rb_getaddrinfo(hostp, portp, hints, &ai);
+            int t = NIL_P(timeout) ? -1 : rsock_value_timeout_to_msec(timeout);
+            error = rb_getaddrinfo(hostp, portp, hints, &ai, t);
             if (error == 0) {
                 res = (struct rb_addrinfo *)xmalloc(sizeof(struct rb_addrinfo));
                 res->allocated_by_malloc = 0;
@@ -1009,7 +1089,7 @@ rsock_fd_family(int fd)
 }
 
 struct rb_addrinfo*
-rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int family, int socktype, int flags)
+rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int family, int socktype, int flags, VALUE timeout)
 {
     struct addrinfo hints;
 
@@ -1017,7 +1097,7 @@ rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int family, int socktype, int flags)
     hints.ai_family = family;
     hints.ai_socktype = socktype;
     hints.ai_flags = flags;
-    return rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 1);
+    return rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 1, timeout);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -1211,6 +1291,7 @@ addrinfo_memsize(const void *ptr)
 static const rb_data_type_t addrinfo_type = {
     "socket/addrinfo",
     {addrinfo_mark, addrinfo_free, addrinfo_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1248,7 +1329,7 @@ alloc_addrinfo(void)
 }
 
 static void
-init_addrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
+init_addrinfo(VALUE self, rb_addrinfo_t *rai, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
               int pfamily, int socktype, int protocol,
               VALUE canonname, VALUE inspectname)
 {
@@ -1260,8 +1341,8 @@ init_addrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
     rai->pfamily = pfamily;
     rai->socktype = socktype;
     rai->protocol = protocol;
-    rai->canonname = canonname;
-    rai->inspectname = inspectname;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &rai->canonname, canonname);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &rai->inspectname, inspectname);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -1274,7 +1355,7 @@ rsock_addrinfo_new(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len,
 
     a = addrinfo_s_allocate(rb_cAddrinfo);
     DATA_PTR(a) = rai = alloc_addrinfo();
-    init_addrinfo(rai, addr, len, family, socktype, protocol, canonname, inspectname);
+    init_addrinfo(a, rai, addr, len, family, socktype, protocol, canonname, inspectname);
     return a;
 }
 
@@ -1299,7 +1380,7 @@ call_getaddrinfo(VALUE node, VALUE service,
         hints.ai_flags = NUM2INT(flags);
     }
 
-    res = rsock_getaddrinfo(node, service, &hints, socktype_hack);
+    res = rsock_getaddrinfo(node, service, &hints, socktype_hack, timeout);
 
     if (res == NULL)
         rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "host not found");
@@ -1309,7 +1390,7 @@ call_getaddrinfo(VALUE node, VALUE service,
 static VALUE make_inspectname(VALUE node, VALUE service, struct addrinfo *res);
 
 static void
-init_addrinfo_getaddrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE node, VALUE service,
+init_addrinfo_getaddrinfo(VALUE self, rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE node, VALUE service,
                           VALUE family, VALUE socktype, VALUE protocol, VALUE flags,
                           VALUE inspectnode, VALUE inspectservice)
 {
@@ -1323,7 +1404,7 @@ init_addrinfo_getaddrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE node, VALUE service,
         OBJ_FREEZE(canonname);
     }
 
-    init_addrinfo(rai, res->ai->ai_addr, res->ai->ai_addrlen,
+    init_addrinfo(self, rai, res->ai->ai_addr, res->ai->ai_addrlen,
                   NUM2INT(family), NUM2INT(socktype), NUM2INT(protocol),
                   canonname, inspectname);
 
@@ -1435,7 +1516,7 @@ addrinfo_list_new(VALUE node, VALUE service, VALUE family, VALUE socktype, VALUE
 
 #ifdef HAVE_TYPE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_UN
 static void
-init_unix_addrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE path, int socktype)
+init_unix_addrinfo(VALUE self, rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE path, int socktype)
 {
     struct sockaddr_un un;
     socklen_t len;
@@ -1451,7 +1532,7 @@ init_unix_addrinfo(rb_addrinfo_t *rai, VALUE path, int socktype)
     memcpy((void*)&un.sun_path, RSTRING_PTR(path), RSTRING_LEN(path));
 
     len = rsock_unix_sockaddr_len(path);
-    init_addrinfo(rai, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len,
+    init_addrinfo(self, rai, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len,
                   PF_UNIX, socktype, 0, Qnil, Qnil);
 }
 
@@ -1555,7 +1636,7 @@ addrinfo_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
             flags |= AI_NUMERICSERV;
 #endif
 
-            init_addrinfo_getaddrinfo(rai, numericnode, service,
+            init_addrinfo_getaddrinfo(self, rai, numericnode, service,
                     INT2NUM(i_pfamily ? i_pfamily : af), INT2NUM(i_socktype), INT2NUM(i_protocol),
                     INT2NUM(flags),
                     nodename, service);
@@ -1567,7 +1648,7 @@ addrinfo_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
           {
             VALUE path = rb_ary_entry(sockaddr_ary, 1);
             StringValue(path);
-            init_unix_addrinfo(rai, path, SOCK_STREAM);
+            init_unix_addrinfo(self, rai, path, SOCK_STREAM);
             break;
           }
 #endif
@@ -1580,7 +1661,7 @@ addrinfo_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         StringValue(sockaddr_arg);
         sockaddr_ptr = (struct sockaddr *)RSTRING_PTR(sockaddr_arg);
         sockaddr_len = RSTRING_SOCKLEN(sockaddr_arg);
-        init_addrinfo(rai, sockaddr_ptr, sockaddr_len,
+        init_addrinfo(self, rai, sockaddr_ptr, sockaddr_len,
                       i_pfamily, i_socktype, i_protocol,
                       canonname, inspectname);
     }
@@ -2169,7 +2250,7 @@ addrinfo_mload(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     }
 
     DATA_PTR(self) = rai = alloc_addrinfo();
-    init_addrinfo(rai, &ss.addr, len,
+    init_addrinfo(self, rai, &ss.addr, len,
                   pfamily, socktype, protocol,
                   canonname, inspectname);
     return self;
@@ -2937,7 +3018,7 @@ addrinfo_s_unix(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     addr = addrinfo_s_allocate(rb_cAddrinfo);
     DATA_PTR(addr) = rai = alloc_addrinfo();
-    init_unix_addrinfo(rai, path, socktype);
+    init_unix_addrinfo(self, rai, path, socktype);
     return addr;
 }
 
@@ -3038,22 +3119,13 @@ free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared(struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared **
     *shared = NULL;
 }
 
-void
-free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry(struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry **entry)
-{
-    if ((*entry)->ai) {
-        freeaddrinfo((*entry)->ai);
-        (*entry)->ai = NULL;
-    }
-    *entry = NULL;
-}
-
 static void *
 do_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo(void *ptr)
 {
     struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry *entry = (struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry *)ptr;
     struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared *shared = entry->shared;
-    int err = 0, need_free = 0, shared_need_free = 0;
+    int err = 0, shared_need_free = 0;
+    struct addrinfo *ai = NULL;
 
     sigset_t set;
     sigemptyset(&set);
@@ -3102,14 +3174,15 @@ do_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo(void *ptr)
             entry->err = errno;
             entry->has_syserr = true;
         }
-        if (--(entry->refcount) == 0) need_free = 1;
+        if (--(entry->refcount) == 0) {
+            ai = entry->ai;
+            entry->ai = NULL;
+        }
         if (--(shared->refcount) == 0) shared_need_free = 1;
     }
     rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&shared->lock);
 
-    if (need_free && entry) {
-        free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_entry(&entry);
-    }
+    if (ai) freeaddrinfo(ai);
     if (shared_need_free && shared) {
         free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared(&shared);
     }
diff --git a/ext/socket/rubysocket.h b/ext/socket/rubysocket.h
index 54a5381da4..2ec3ab335a 100644
--- a/ext/socket/rubysocket.h
+++ b/ext/socket/rubysocket.h
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ extern VALUE rb_eResolution;
 #ifdef SOCKS
 extern VALUE rb_cSOCKSSocket;
 #  ifndef SOCKS5
-void SOCKSinit();
-int Rconnect();
+void SOCKSinit(char *);
+int Rconnect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
 #  endif
 #endif
 
@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ void rb_freeaddrinfo(struct rb_addrinfo *ai);
 VALUE rsock_freeaddrinfo(VALUE arg);
 int rb_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags);
 int rsock_fd_family(int fd);
-struct rb_addrinfo *rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int family, int socktype, int flags);
-struct rb_addrinfo *rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_hack);
+struct rb_addrinfo *rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int family, int socktype, int flags, VALUE timeout);
+struct rb_addrinfo *rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_hack, VALUE timeout);
 
 VALUE rsock_fd_socket_addrinfo(int fd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
 VALUE rsock_io_socket_addrinfo(VALUE io, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ int rsock_socket(int domain, int type, int proto);
 int rsock_detect_cloexec(int fd);
 VALUE rsock_init_sock(VALUE sock, int fd);
 VALUE rsock_sock_s_socketpair(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
-VALUE rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE sock, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type, VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE fast_fallback, VALUE test_mode_settings);
+VALUE rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE sock, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type, VALUE resolv_timeout, VALUE connect_timeout, VALUE open_timeout, VALUE fast_fallback, VALUE test_mode_settings);
 VALUE rsock_init_unixsock(VALUE sock, VALUE path, int server);
 
 struct rsock_send_arg {
@@ -453,6 +453,8 @@ void free_fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shared(struct fast_fallback_getaddrinfo_shar
 #  endif
 #endif
 
+NORETURN(void rsock_raise_user_specified_timeout(struct addrinfo *ai, VALUE host, VALUE port));
+
 void rsock_init_basicsocket(void);
 void rsock_init_ipsocket(void);
 void rsock_init_tcpsocket(void);
@@ -507,8 +509,6 @@ extern ID tcp_fast_fallback;
 const char *inet_ntop(int, const void *, char *, size_t);
 #elif defined __MINGW32__
 # define inet_ntop(f,a,n,l)      rb_w32_inet_ntop(f,a,n,l)
-#elif defined _MSC_VER && RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION < 90
-const char *WSAAPI inet_ntop(int, const void *, char *, size_t);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ext/socket/socket.c b/ext/socket/socket.c
index 8f593ca0bd..a8e5ae8119 100644
--- a/ext/socket/socket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/socket.c
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ sock_s_gethostbyname(VALUE obj, VALUE host)
 {
     rb_warn("Socket.gethostbyname is deprecated; use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo instead.");
     struct rb_addrinfo *res =
-        rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME);
+        rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME, Qnil);
     return rsock_make_hostent(host, res, sock_sockaddr);
 }
 
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ sock_s_getaddrinfo(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
         norevlookup = rsock_do_not_reverse_lookup;
     }
 
-    res = rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 0);
+    res = rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 0, Qnil);
 
     ret = make_addrinfo(res, norevlookup);
     rb_freeaddrinfo(res);
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ sock_s_getnameinfo(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
         hints.ai_socktype = (fl & NI_DGRAM) ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
         /* af */
         hints.ai_family = NIL_P(af) ? PF_UNSPEC : rsock_family_arg(af);
-        res = rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 0);
+        res = rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 0, Qnil);
         sap = res->ai->ai_addr;
         salen = res->ai->ai_addrlen;
     }
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ sock_s_getnameinfo(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 static VALUE
 sock_s_pack_sockaddr_in(VALUE self, VALUE port, VALUE host)
 {
-    struct rb_addrinfo *res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, AF_UNSPEC, 0, 0);
+    struct rb_addrinfo *res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, AF_UNSPEC, 0, 0, Qnil);
     VALUE addr = rb_str_new((char*)res->ai->ai_addr, res->ai->ai_addrlen);
 
     rb_freeaddrinfo(res);
diff --git a/ext/socket/sockssocket.c b/ext/socket/sockssocket.c
index 1031812bef..30860ea257 100644
--- a/ext/socket/sockssocket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/sockssocket.c
@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ socks_init(VALUE sock, VALUE host, VALUE port)
     static int init = 0;
 
     if (init == 0) {
-        SOCKSinit("ruby");
+        char progname[] = "ruby";
+        SOCKSinit(progname);
         init = 1;
     }
 
-    return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, host, port, Qnil, Qnil, INET_SOCKS, Qnil, Qnil, Qfalse, Qnil);
+    return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, host, port, Qnil, Qnil, INET_SOCKS, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qfalse, Qnil);
 }
 
 #ifdef SOCKS5
diff --git a/ext/socket/tcpserver.c b/ext/socket/tcpserver.c
index 8206fe46a9..0069f3c703 100644
--- a/ext/socket/tcpserver.c
+++ b/ext/socket/tcpserver.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ tcp_svr_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
     VALUE hostname, port;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "011", &hostname, &port);
-    return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, hostname, port, Qnil, Qnil, INET_SERVER, Qnil, Qnil, Qfalse, Qnil);
+    return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, hostname, port, Qnil, Qnil, INET_SERVER, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qfalse, Qnil);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/ext/socket/tcpsocket.c b/ext/socket/tcpsocket.c
index 28527f632f..7ce536e0af 100644
--- a/ext/socket/tcpsocket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/tcpsocket.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    TCPSocket.new(remote_host, remote_port, local_host=nil, local_port=nil, resolv_timeout: nil, connect_timeout: nil, fast_fallback: true)
+ *    TCPSocket.new(remote_host, remote_port, local_host=nil, local_port=nil, resolv_timeout: nil, connect_timeout: nil, open_timeout: nil, fast_fallback: true)
  *
  * Opens a TCP connection to +remote_host+ on +remote_port+.  If +local_host+
  * and +local_port+ are specified, then those parameters are used on the local
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
  *
  * [:resolv_timeout] Specifies the timeout in seconds from when the hostname resolution starts.
  * [:connect_timeout] This method sequentially attempts connecting to all candidate destination addresses.<br>The +connect_timeout+ specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the connection attempt to the last candidate.<br>By default, all connection attempts continue until the timeout occurs.<br>When +fast_fallback:false+ is explicitly specified,<br>a timeout is set for each connection attempt and any connection attempt that exceeds its timeout will be canceled.
+ * [:open_timeout] Specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the method execution.<br>If this timeout is reached while there are still addresses that have not yet been attempted for connection, no further attempts will be made.<br>If this option is specified together with other timeout options, an +ArgumentError+ will be raised.
  * [:fast_fallback] Enables the Happy Eyeballs Version 2 algorithm (enabled by default).
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -43,29 +44,32 @@ tcp_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
     VALUE remote_host, remote_serv;
     VALUE local_host, local_serv;
     VALUE opt;
-    static ID keyword_ids[4];
-    VALUE kwargs[4];
+    static ID keyword_ids[5];
+    VALUE kwargs[5];
     VALUE resolv_timeout = Qnil;
     VALUE connect_timeout = Qnil;
+    VALUE open_timeout = Qnil;
     VALUE fast_fallback = Qnil;
     VALUE test_mode_settings = Qnil;
 
     if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
         CONST_ID(keyword_ids[0], "resolv_timeout");
         CONST_ID(keyword_ids[1], "connect_timeout");
-        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[2], "fast_fallback");
-        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[3], "test_mode_settings");
+        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[2], "open_timeout");
+        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[3], "fast_fallback");
+        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[4], "test_mode_settings");
     }
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22:", &remote_host, &remote_serv,
                         &local_host, &local_serv, &opt);
 
     if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
-        rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 4, kwargs);
+        rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 5, kwargs);
         if (kwargs[0] != Qundef) { resolv_timeout = kwargs[0]; }
         if (kwargs[1] != Qundef) { connect_timeout = kwargs[1]; }
-        if (kwargs[2] != Qundef) { fast_fallback = kwargs[2]; }
-        if (kwargs[3] != Qundef) { test_mode_settings = kwargs[3]; }
+        if (kwargs[2] != Qundef) { open_timeout = kwargs[2]; }
+        if (kwargs[3] != Qundef) { fast_fallback = kwargs[3]; }
+        if (kwargs[4] != Qundef) { test_mode_settings = kwargs[4]; }
     }
 
     if (fast_fallback == Qnil) {
@@ -75,8 +79,8 @@ tcp_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
 
     return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, remote_host, remote_serv,
                                local_host, local_serv, INET_CLIENT,
-                               resolv_timeout, connect_timeout, fast_fallback,
-                               test_mode_settings);
+                               resolv_timeout, connect_timeout, open_timeout,
+                               fast_fallback, test_mode_settings);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ tcp_s_gethostbyname(VALUE obj, VALUE host)
 {
     rb_warn("TCPSocket.gethostbyname is deprecated; use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo instead.");
     struct rb_addrinfo *res =
-        rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME);
+        rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME, Qnil);
     return rsock_make_hostent(host, res, tcp_sockaddr);
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/socket/udpsocket.c b/ext/socket/udpsocket.c
index a984933c9f..b2bc925538 100644
--- a/ext/socket/udpsocket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/udpsocket.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ udp_connect(VALUE self, VALUE host, VALUE port)
 {
     struct udp_arg arg = {.io = self};
 
-    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(rb_io_descriptor(self)), SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(rb_io_descriptor(self)), SOCK_DGRAM, 0, Qnil);
 
     int result = (int)rb_ensure(udp_connect_internal, (VALUE)&arg, rsock_freeaddrinfo, (VALUE)arg.res);
     if (!result) {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ udp_bind(VALUE self, VALUE host, VALUE port)
 {
     struct udp_arg arg = {.io = self};
 
-    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(rb_io_descriptor(self)), SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(rb_io_descriptor(self)), SOCK_DGRAM, 0, Qnil);
 
     VALUE result = rb_ensure(udp_bind_internal, (VALUE)&arg, rsock_freeaddrinfo, (VALUE)arg.res);
     if (!result) {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ udp_send(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
     GetOpenFile(sock, arg.fptr);
     arg.sarg.fd = arg.fptr->fd;
     arg.sarg.flags = NUM2INT(flags);
-    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(arg.fptr->fd), SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    arg.res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, rsock_fd_family(arg.fptr->fd), SOCK_DGRAM, 0, Qnil);
     ret = rb_ensure(udp_send_internal, (VALUE)&arg,
                     rsock_freeaddrinfo, (VALUE)arg.res);
     if (!ret) rsock_sys_fail_host_port("sendto(2)", host, port);
diff --git a/ext/socket/unixsocket.c b/ext/socket/unixsocket.c
index 31e2acee04..2ec9376074 100644
--- a/ext/socket/unixsocket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/unixsocket.c
@@ -42,11 +42,12 @@ unixsock_path_value(VALUE path)
         }
     }
 #endif
+    path = rb_get_path(path);
 #ifdef _WIN32
     /* UNIXSocket requires UTF-8 per spec. */
     path = rb_str_export_to_enc(path, rb_utf8_encoding());
 #endif
-    return rb_get_path(path);
+    return path;
 }
 
 VALUE
diff --git a/ext/stringio/depend b/ext/stringio/depend
index b9fba7e9fa..3a82ad0a11 100644
--- a/ext/stringio/depend
+++ b/ext/stringio/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -171,5 +172,6 @@ stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/oniguruma.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h
 stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h
+stringio.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/version.h
 stringio.o: stringio.c
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/ext/stringio/extconf.rb b/ext/stringio/extconf.rb
index 553732f79c..0089766983 100644
--- a/ext/stringio/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/stringio/extconf.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: false
 require 'mkmf'
 if RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby'
+  have_type("rb_io_mode_t", "ruby/io.h")
+
   create_makefile('stringio')
 else
   File.write('Makefile', dummy_makefile("").join)
diff --git a/ext/stringio/stringio.c b/ext/stringio/stringio.c
index 0c0f63aac7..41aa71f893 100644
--- a/ext/stringio/stringio.c
+++ b/ext/stringio/stringio.c
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@
 **********************************************************************/
 
 static const char *const
-STRINGIO_VERSION = "3.1.6.dev";
+STRINGIO_VERSION = "3.2.1.dev";
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/io.h"
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/version.h"
 #if defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H) || defined(_WIN32)
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #elif defined(HAVE_SYS_FCNTL_H)
@@ -35,15 +36,33 @@ STRINGIO_VERSION = "3.1.6.dev";
 # define rb_class_new_instance_kw(argc, argv, klass, kw_splat) rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass)
 #endif
 
+static inline bool
+str_chilled_p(VALUE str)
+{
+#if (RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR == 3 && RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR >= 4) || RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR >= 4
+    // Do not attempt to modify chilled strings on Ruby 3.4+
+    // RUBY_FL_USER2 == STR_CHILLED_LITERAL
+    // RUBY_FL_USER3 == STR_CHILLED_SYMBOL_TO_S
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(str, RUBY_FL_USER2 | RUBY_FL_USER3);
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_TYPE_RB_IO_MODE_T
+typedef int rb_io_mode_t;
+#endif
+
 struct StringIO {
     VALUE string;
     rb_encoding *enc;
     long pos;
     long lineno;
-    int flags;
+    rb_io_mode_t flags;
     int count;
 };
 
+static struct StringIO *get_strio_for_read(VALUE self);
 static VALUE strio_init(int, VALUE *, struct StringIO *, VALUE);
 static VALUE strio_unget_bytes(struct StringIO *, const char *, long);
 static long strio_write(VALUE self, VALUE str);
@@ -108,8 +127,14 @@ static const rb_data_type_t strio_data_type = {
 static struct StringIO*
 get_strio(VALUE self)
 {
-    struct StringIO *ptr = check_strio(rb_io_taint_check(self));
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    return get_strio_for_read(self);
+}
 
+static struct StringIO*
+get_strio_for_read(VALUE self)
+{
+    struct StringIO *ptr = check_strio(self);
     if (!ptr) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "uninitialized stream");
     }
@@ -136,14 +161,38 @@ strio_substr(struct StringIO *ptr, long pos, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
     return enc_subseq(str, pos, len, enc);
 }
 
+static VALUE
+strio_readbuf(struct StringIO *ptr, VALUE str)
+{
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) {
+	StringValue(str);
+	rb_str_modify(str);
+	if (str == ptr->string) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cannot read into the underlying string");
+	}
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
 #define StringIO(obj) get_strio(obj)
+#define StringIOForRead(obj) get_strio_for_read(obj)
 
 #define STRIO_READABLE FL_USER4
 #define STRIO_WRITABLE FL_USER5
 #define STRIO_READWRITE (STRIO_READABLE|STRIO_WRITABLE)
 typedef char strio_flags_check[(STRIO_READABLE/FMODE_READABLE == STRIO_WRITABLE/FMODE_WRITABLE) * 2 - 1];
+#ifndef RB_FL_TEST_RAW
+# define RB_FL_TEST_RAW(obj, bits) (RBASIC(obj)->flags & (bits))
+#endif
+#ifndef RB_FL_SET_RAW
+# define RB_FL_SET_RAW(obj, bits) (RBASIC(obj)->flags |= (bits))
+#endif
+#ifndef RB_FL_UNSET_RAW
+# define RB_FL_UNSET_RAW(obj, bits) (RBASIC(obj)->flags &= ~(bits))
+#endif
+
 #define STRIO_MODE_SET_P(strio, mode) \
-    ((RBASIC(strio)->flags & STRIO_##mode) && \
+    (RB_FL_TEST_RAW(strio, STRIO_##mode) && \
      ((struct StringIO*)DATA_PTR(strio))->flags & FMODE_##mode)
 #define CLOSED(strio) (!STRIO_MODE_SET_P(strio, READWRITE))
 #define READABLE(strio) STRIO_MODE_SET_P(strio, READABLE)
@@ -154,7 +203,7 @@ static VALUE sym_exception;
 static struct StringIO*
 readable(VALUE strio)
 {
-    struct StringIO *ptr = StringIO(strio);
+    struct StringIO *ptr = StringIOForRead(strio);
     if (!READABLE(strio)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "not opened for reading");
     }
@@ -185,6 +234,18 @@ check_modifiable(struct StringIO *ptr)
     }
 }
 
+static inline bool
+outside_p(struct StringIO *ptr, long pos)
+{
+    return NIL_P(ptr->string) || pos >= RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+eos_p(struct StringIO *ptr)
+{
+    return outside_p(ptr, ptr->pos);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 strio_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -195,17 +256,32 @@ strio_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
  * call-seq:
  *   StringIO.new(string = '', mode = 'r+') -> new_stringio
  *
- * Note that +mode+ defaults to <tt>'r'</tt> if +string+ is frozen.
- *
  * Returns a new \StringIO instance formed from +string+ and +mode+;
- * see {Access Modes}[rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes]:
+ * the instance should be closed when no longer needed:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.string        # => ""
+ *   strio.closed_read?  # => false
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => false
+ *   strio.close
+ *
+ * If +string+ is frozen, the default +mode+ is <tt>'r'</tt>:
  *
- *   strio = StringIO.new # => #<StringIO>
+ *   strio = StringIO.new('foo'.freeze)
+ *   strio.string        # => "foo"
+ *   strio.closed_read?  # => false
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => true
  *   strio.close
  *
- * The instance should be closed when no longer needed.
+ * Argument +mode+ must be a valid
+ * {Access Mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes],
+ * which may be a string or an integer constant:
+ *
+ *   StringIO.new('foo', 'w+')
+ *   StringIO.new('foo', File::RDONLY)
  *
- * Related: StringIO.open (accepts block; closes automatically).
+ * Related: StringIO.open
+ * (passes the \StringIO object to the block; closes the object automatically on block exit).
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -325,14 +401,15 @@ strio_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, struct StringIO *ptr, VALUE self)
     ptr->pos = 0;
     ptr->lineno = 0;
     if (ptr->flags & FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM) set_encoding_by_bom(ptr);
-    RBASIC(self)->flags |= (ptr->flags & FMODE_READWRITE) * (STRIO_READABLE / FMODE_READABLE);
+    RB_FL_SET_RAW(self, (ptr->flags & FMODE_READWRITE) * (STRIO_READABLE / FMODE_READABLE));
     return self;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 strio_finalize(VALUE self)
 {
-    struct StringIO *ptr = StringIO(self);
+    struct StringIO *ptr = check_strio(self);
+    if (!ptr) return Qnil;
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ptr->string, Qnil);
     ptr->flags &= ~FMODE_READWRITE;
     return self;
@@ -340,23 +417,20 @@ strio_finalize(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   StringIO.open(string = '', mode = 'r+') {|strio| ... }
- *
- * Note that +mode+ defaults to <tt>'r'</tt> if +string+ is frozen.
+ *   StringIO.open(string = '', mode = 'r+') -> new_stringio
+ *   StringIO.open(string = '', mode = 'r+') {|strio| ... } -> object
  *
- * Creates a new \StringIO instance formed from +string+ and +mode+;
- * see {Access Modes}[rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes].
+ * Creates new \StringIO instance by calling <tt>StringIO.new(string, mode)</tt>.
  *
- * With no block, returns the new instance:
+ * With no block given, returns the new instance:
  *
  *   strio = StringIO.open # => #<StringIO>
  *
- * With a block, calls the block with the new instance
+ * With a block given, calls the block with the new instance
  * and returns the block's value;
- * closes the instance on block exit.
+ * closes the instance on block exit:
  *
- *   StringIO.open {|strio| p strio }
- *   # => #<StringIO>
+ *   StringIO.open('foo') {|strio| strio.string.upcase } # => "FOO"
  *
  * Related: StringIO.new.
  */
@@ -382,42 +456,42 @@ strio_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 }
 
 /*
- * Returns +false+.  Just for compatibility to IO.
+ * Returns +false+; for compatibility with IO.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_false(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
 /*
- * Returns +nil+.  Just for compatibility to IO.
+ * Returns +nil+; for compatibility with IO.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_nil(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
- * Returns an object itself.  Just for compatibility to IO.
+ * Returns +self+; for compatibility with IO.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_self(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return self;
 }
 
 /*
- * Returns 0.  Just for compatibility to IO.
+ * Returns 0; for compatibility with IO.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_0(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
@@ -427,7 +501,7 @@ strio_0(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 strio_first(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return arg;
 }
 
@@ -437,7 +511,7 @@ strio_first(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
 static VALUE
 strio_unimpl(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     rb_notimplement();
 
     UNREACHABLE;
@@ -465,14 +539,14 @@ strio_unimpl(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 strio_get_string(VALUE self)
 {
-    return StringIO(self)->string;
+    return StringIOForRead(self)->string;
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   string = other_string -> other_string
  *
- * Assigns the underlying string as +other_string+, and sets position to zero;
+ * Replaces the stored string with +other_string+, and sets the position to zero;
  * returns +other_string+:
  *
  *   StringIO.open('foo') do |strio|
@@ -486,7 +560,7 @@ strio_get_string(VALUE self)
  *   "foo"
  *   "bar"
  *
- * Related: StringIO#string (returns the underlying string).
+ * Related: StringIO#string (returns the stored string).
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_set_string(VALUE self, VALUE string)
@@ -507,17 +581,22 @@ strio_set_string(VALUE self, VALUE string)
  * call-seq:
  *   close -> nil
  *
- * Closes +self+ for both reading and writing.
+ * Closes +self+ for both reading and writing; returns +nil+:
  *
- * Raises IOError if reading or writing is attempted.
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed? # => false
+ *   strio.close   # => nil
+ *   strio.closed? # => true
+ *   strio.read    # Raises IOError: not opened for reading
+ *   strio.write   # Raises IOError: not opened for writing
  *
- * Related: StringIO#close_read, StringIO#close_write.
+ * Related: StringIO#close_read, StringIO#close_write, StringIO.closed?.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_close(VALUE self)
 {
     StringIO(self);
-    RBASIC(self)->flags &= ~STRIO_READWRITE;
+    RB_FL_UNSET_RAW(self, STRIO_READWRITE);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -525,9 +604,16 @@ strio_close(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   close_read -> nil
  *
- * Closes +self+ for reading; closed-write setting remains unchanged.
+ * Closes +self+ for reading;
+ * closed-write setting remains unchanged;
+ * returns +nil+:
  *
- * Raises IOError if reading is attempted.
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed_read?  # => false
+ *   strio.close_read    # => nil
+ *   strio.closed_read?  # => true
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => false
+ *   strio.read          # Raises IOError: not opened for reading
  *
  * Related: StringIO#close, StringIO#close_write.
  */
@@ -538,7 +624,7 @@ strio_close_read(VALUE self)
     if (!(ptr->flags & FMODE_READABLE)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closing non-duplex IO for reading");
     }
-    RBASIC(self)->flags &= ~STRIO_READABLE;
+    RB_FL_UNSET_RAW(self, STRIO_READABLE);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -546,11 +632,16 @@ strio_close_read(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   close_write -> nil
  *
- * Closes +self+ for writing; closed-read setting remains unchanged.
+ * Closes +self+ for writing; closed-read setting remains unchanged; returns +nil+:
  *
- * Raises IOError if writing is attempted.
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => false
+ *   strio.close_write   # => nil
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => true
+ *   strio.closed_read?  # => false
+ *   strio.write('foo')  # Raises IOError: not opened for writing
  *
- * Related: StringIO#close, StringIO#close_read.
+ * Related: StringIO#close, StringIO#close_read, StringIO#closed_write?.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_close_write(VALUE self)
@@ -559,7 +650,7 @@ strio_close_write(VALUE self)
     if (!(ptr->flags & FMODE_WRITABLE)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closing non-duplex IO for writing");
     }
-    RBASIC(self)->flags &= ~STRIO_WRITABLE;
+    RB_FL_UNSET_RAW(self, STRIO_WRITABLE);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -567,13 +658,21 @@ strio_close_write(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   closed? -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if +self+ is closed for both reading and writing,
- * +false+ otherwise.
+ * Returns whether +self+ is closed for both reading and writing:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed?     # => false  # Open for reading and writing.
+ *   strio.close_read
+ *   strio.closed?     # => false  # Still open for writing.
+ *   strio.close_write
+ *   strio.closed?     # => true   # Now closed for both.
+ *
+ * Related: StringIO.closed_read?, StringIO.closed_write?.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_closed(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     if (!CLOSED(self)) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -582,12 +681,19 @@ strio_closed(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   closed_read? -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if +self+ is closed for reading, +false+ otherwise.
+ * Returns whether +self+ is closed for reading:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed_read?   # => false
+ *   strio.close_read
+ *   strio.closed_read?   # => true
+ *
+ * Related: StringIO#closed?, StringIO#closed_write?, StringIO#close_read.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_closed_read(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     if (READABLE(self)) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -596,12 +702,19 @@ strio_closed_read(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   closed_write? -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if +self+ is closed for writing, +false+ otherwise.
+ * Returns whether +self+ is closed for writing:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => false
+ *   strio.close_write
+ *   strio.closed_write? # => true
+ *
+ * Related: StringIO#close_write, StringIO#closed?, StringIO#closed_read?.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_closed_write(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     if (WRITABLE(self)) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -610,19 +723,26 @@ static struct StringIO *
 strio_to_read(VALUE self)
 {
     struct StringIO *ptr = readable(self);
-    if (NIL_P(ptr->string)) return NULL;
-    if (ptr->pos < RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string)) return ptr;
-    return NULL;
+    if (eos_p(ptr)) return NULL;
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   eof? -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if positioned at end-of-stream, +false+ otherwise;
- * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:IO@Position].
+ * Returns whether +self+ is positioned at end-of-stream:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+ *   strio.pos  # => 0
+ *   strio.eof? # => false
+ *   strio.read # => "foo"
+ *   strio.pos  # => 3
+ *   strio.eof? # => true
+ *   strio.close_read
+ *   strio.eof? # Raises IOError: not opened for reading
  *
- * Raises IOError if the stream is not opened for reading.
+ * Related: StringIO#pos.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_eof(VALUE self)
@@ -640,7 +760,7 @@ strio_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
 
     orig = rb_convert_type(orig, T_DATA, "StringIO", "to_strio");
     if (copy == orig) return copy;
-    ptr = StringIO(orig);
+    ptr = StringIOForRead(orig);
     old_ptr = check_strio(copy);
     if (old_ptr) {
 	old_string = old_ptr->string;
@@ -648,8 +768,8 @@ strio_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
     }
     DATA_PTR(copy) = ptr;
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(copy, old_string, ptr->string);
-    RBASIC(copy)->flags &= ~STRIO_READWRITE;
-    RBASIC(copy)->flags |= RBASIC(orig)->flags & STRIO_READWRITE;
+    RB_FL_UNSET_RAW(copy, STRIO_READWRITE);
+    RB_FL_SET_RAW(copy, RB_FL_TEST_RAW(orig, STRIO_READWRITE));
     ++ptr->count;
     return copy;
 }
@@ -659,12 +779,12 @@ strio_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
  *   lineno -> current_line_number
  *
  * Returns the current line number in +self+;
- * see {Line Number}[rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number].
+ * see {Line Number}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Line+Number].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_get_lineno(VALUE self)
 {
-    return LONG2NUM(StringIO(self)->lineno);
+    return LONG2NUM(StringIOForRead(self)->lineno);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -672,7 +792,7 @@ strio_get_lineno(VALUE self)
  *   lineno = new_line_number -> new_line_number
  *
  * Sets the current line number in +self+ to the given +new_line_number+;
- * see {Line Number}[rdoc-ref:IO@Line+Number].
+ * see {Line Number}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Line+Number].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_set_lineno(VALUE self, VALUE lineno)
@@ -686,7 +806,7 @@ strio_set_lineno(VALUE self, VALUE lineno)
  *   binmode -> self
  *
  * Sets the data mode in +self+ to binary mode;
- * see {Data Mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode].
+ * see {Data Mode}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Data+Mode].
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -747,12 +867,12 @@ strio_reopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *   pos -> stream_position
  *
  * Returns the current position (in bytes);
- * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:IO@Position].
+ * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Position].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_get_pos(VALUE self)
 {
-    return LONG2NUM(StringIO(self)->pos);
+    return LONG2NUM(StringIOForRead(self)->pos);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -760,7 +880,7 @@ strio_get_pos(VALUE self)
  *   pos = new_position -> new_position
  *
  * Sets the current position (in bytes);
- * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:IO@Position].
+ * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Position].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_set_pos(VALUE self, VALUE pos)
@@ -795,9 +915,9 @@ strio_rewind(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   seek(offset, whence = SEEK_SET) -> 0
  *
- * Sets the current position to the given integer +offset+ (in bytes),
+ * Sets the position to the given integer +offset+ (in bytes),
  * with respect to a given constant +whence+;
- * see {Position}[rdoc-ref:IO@Position].
+ * see {IO#seek}[rdoc-ref:IO#seek].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_seek(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -819,7 +939,11 @@ strio_seek(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	offset = ptr->pos;
 	break;
       case 2:
-	offset = RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string);
+	if (NIL_P(ptr->string)) {
+	    offset = 0;
+	} else {
+	    offset = RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string);
+	}
 	break;
       default:
 	error_inval("invalid whence");
@@ -840,7 +964,7 @@ strio_seek(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 strio_get_sync(VALUE self)
 {
-    StringIO(self);
+    StringIOForRead(self);
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
@@ -852,10 +976,9 @@ strio_get_sync(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   each_byte {|byte| ... } -> self
  *
- * With a block given, calls the block with each remaining byte in the stream;
- * see {Byte IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO].
+ * :include: stringio/each_byte.rdoc
  *
- * With no block given, returns an enumerator.
+ * Related: StringIO#each_char, StringIO#each_codepoint, StringIO#each_line.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_each_byte(VALUE self)
@@ -873,10 +996,10 @@ strio_each_byte(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   getc -> character or nil
+ *   getc -> character, byte, or nil
+ *
+ * :include: stringio/getc.rdoc
  *
- * Reads and returns the next character from the stream;
- * see {Character IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_getc(VALUE self)
@@ -888,7 +1011,7 @@ strio_getc(VALUE self)
     int len;
     char *p;
 
-    if (NIL_P(str) || pos >= RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
+    if (eos_p(ptr)) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
     p = RSTRING_PTR(str)+pos;
@@ -899,17 +1022,17 @@ strio_getc(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   getbyte -> byte or nil
+ *   getbyte -> integer or nil
+ *
+ * :include: stringio/getbyte.rdoc
  *
- * Reads and returns the next 8-bit byte from the stream;
- * see {Byte IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO].
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_getbyte(VALUE self)
 {
     struct StringIO *ptr = readable(self);
     int c;
-    if (NIL_P(ptr->string) || ptr->pos >= RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string)) {
+    if (eos_p(ptr)) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
     c = RSTRING_PTR(ptr->string)[ptr->pos++];
@@ -1078,12 +1201,11 @@ strio_readbyte(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   each_char {|c| ... } -> self
+ *   each_char {|char| ... } -> self
  *
- * With a block given, calls the block with each remaining character in the stream;
- * see {Character IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO].
+ * :include: stringio/each_char.rdoc
  *
- * With no block given, returns an enumerator.
+ * Related: StringIO#each_byte, StringIO#each_codepoint, StringIO#each_line.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_each_char(VALUE self)
@@ -1102,10 +1224,9 @@ strio_each_char(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *   each_codepoint {|codepoint| ... } -> self
  *
- * With a block given, calls the block with each remaining codepoint in the stream;
- * see {Codepoint IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Codepoint+IO].
+ * :include: stringio/each_codepoint.rdoc
  *
- * With no block given, returns an enumerator.
+ * Related: StringIO#each_byte, StringIO#each_char, StringIO#each_line.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_each_codepoint(VALUE self)
@@ -1339,9 +1460,8 @@ strio_getline(struct getline_arg *arg, struct StringIO *ptr)
  *   gets(limit, chomp: false) -> string or nil
  *   gets(sep, limit, chomp: false) -> string or nil
  *
- * Reads and returns a line from the stream;
- * assigns the return value to <tt>$_</tt>;
- * see {Line IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO].
+ * :include: stringio/gets.rdoc
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_gets(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -1378,15 +1498,15 @@ strio_readline(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
+ * :markup: markdown
+ *
  * call-seq:
  *   each_line(sep = $/, chomp: false) {|line| ... }   -> self
  *   each_line(limit, chomp: false) {|line| ... }      -> self
  *   each_line(sep, limit, chomp: false) {|line| ... } -> self
  *
- * Calls the block with each remaining line read from the stream;
- * does nothing if already at end-of-file;
- * returns +self+.
- * See {Line IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Line+IO].
+ * :include: stringio/each_line.md
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_each(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -1527,9 +1647,10 @@ strio_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   strio.putc(obj)    -> obj
+ *   putc(object) -> object
+ *
+ * :include: stringio/putc.rdoc
  *
- * See IO#putc.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_putc(VALUE self, VALUE ch)
@@ -1561,9 +1682,10 @@ strio_putc(VALUE self, VALUE ch)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   strio.read([length [, outbuf]])    -> string, outbuf, or nil
+ *   read(maxlen = nil, out_string = nil) → new_string, out_string, or nil
+ *
+ * :include: stringio/read.rdoc
  *
- * See IO#read.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
@@ -1575,11 +1697,7 @@ strio_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     switch (argc) {
       case 2:
-	str = argv[1];
-	if (!NIL_P(str)) {
-	    StringValue(str);
-	    rb_str_modify(str);
-	}
+	str = strio_readbuf(ptr, argv[1]);
 	/* fall through */
       case 1:
 	if (!NIL_P(argv[0])) {
@@ -1587,10 +1705,9 @@ strio_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	    if (len < 0) {
 		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative length %ld given", len);
 	    }
-	    if (len > 0 &&
-		(NIL_P(ptr->string) || ptr->pos >= RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string))) {
+	    if (eos_p(ptr)) {
 		if (!NIL_P(str)) rb_str_resize(str, 0);
-		return Qnil;
+		return len > 0 ? Qnil : rb_str_new(0, 0);
 	    }
 	    binary = 1;
 	    break;
@@ -1636,15 +1753,17 @@ strio_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    pread(maxlen, offset)             -> string
- *    pread(maxlen, offset, out_string) -> string
+ *    pread(maxlen, offset, out_string = nil) -> new_string or out_string
+ *
+ *  :include: stringio/pread.rdoc
  *
- *  See IO#pread.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_pread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE rb_len, rb_offset, rb_buf;
+    struct StringIO *ptr = readable(self);
+
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &rb_len, &rb_offset, &rb_buf);
     long len = NUM2LONG(rb_len);
     long offset = NUM2LONG(rb_offset);
@@ -1653,6 +1772,12 @@ strio_pread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative string size (or size too big): %" PRIsVALUE, rb_len);
     }
 
+    if (offset < 0) {
+	rb_syserr_fail_str(EINVAL, rb_sprintf("pread: Invalid offset argument: %" PRIsVALUE, rb_offset));
+    }
+
+    rb_buf = strio_readbuf(ptr, rb_buf);
+
     if (len == 0) {
 	if (NIL_P(rb_buf)) {
 	    return rb_str_new("", 0);
@@ -1660,13 +1785,7 @@ strio_pread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	return rb_buf;
     }
 
-    if (offset < 0) {
-	rb_syserr_fail_str(EINVAL, rb_sprintf("pread: Invalid offset argument: %" PRIsVALUE, rb_offset));
-    }
-
-    struct StringIO *ptr = readable(self);
-
-    if (offset >= RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string)) {
+    if (outside_p(ptr, offset)) {
 	rb_eof_error();
     }
 
@@ -1756,15 +1875,15 @@ strio_syswrite_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   strio.length -> integer
- *   strio.size   -> integer
+ *   size -> integer
+ *
+ * :include: stringio/size.rdoc
  *
- * Returns the size of the buffer string.
  */
 static VALUE
 strio_size(VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE string = StringIO(self)->string;
+    VALUE string = StringIOForRead(self)->string;
     if (NIL_P(string)) {
 	return INT2FIX(0);
     }
@@ -1797,27 +1916,34 @@ strio_truncate(VALUE self, VALUE len)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     strio.external_encoding   => encoding
+ * call-seq:
+ *   external_encoding -> encoding or nil
+ *
+ * Returns an Encoding object that represents the encoding of the string;
+ * see {Encodings}[rdoc-ref:StringIO@Encodings]:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new('foo')
+ *   strio.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+ *
+ * Returns +nil+ if +self+ has no string and is in write mode:
+ *
+ *   strio = StringIO.new(nil, 'w+')
+ *   strio.external_encoding # => nil
  *
- *  Returns the Encoding object that represents the encoding of the file.
- *  If the stream is write mode and no encoding is specified, returns
- *  +nil+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 strio_external_encoding(VALUE self)
 {
-    struct StringIO *ptr = StringIO(self);
+    struct StringIO *ptr = StringIOForRead(self);
     return rb_enc_from_encoding(get_enc(ptr));
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     strio.internal_encoding   => encoding
+ *     internal_encoding -> nil
  *
- *  Returns the Encoding of the internal string if conversion is
- *  specified.  Otherwise returns +nil+.
+ *  Returns +nil+; for compatibility with IO.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1852,14 +1978,15 @@ strio_set_encoding(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	enc = rb_find_encoding(ext_enc);
 	if (!enc) {
 	    rb_io_enc_t convconfig;
-	    int oflags, fmode;
+	    int oflags;
+	    rb_io_mode_t fmode;
 	    VALUE vmode = rb_str_append(rb_str_new_cstr("r:"), ext_enc);
 	    rb_io_extract_modeenc(&vmode, 0, Qnil, &oflags, &fmode, &convconfig);
 	    enc = convconfig.enc2;
 	}
     }
     ptr->enc = enc;
-    if (!NIL_P(ptr->string) && WRITABLE(self)) {
+    if (!NIL_P(ptr->string) && WRITABLE(self) && !str_chilled_p(ptr->string)) {
 	rb_enc_associate(ptr->string, enc);
     }
 
@@ -1885,16 +2012,9 @@ strio_set_encoding_by_bom(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- * \IO streams for strings, with access similar to
- * {IO}[rdoc-ref:IO];
- * see {IO}[rdoc-ref:IO].
- *
- * === About the Examples
- *
- * Examples on this page assume that \StringIO has been required:
- *
- *   require 'stringio'
+ * :markup: markdown
  *
+ * :include: stringio/stringio.md
  */
 void
 Init_stringio(void)
@@ -1902,7 +2022,7 @@ Init_stringio(void)
 #undef rb_intern
 
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
-  rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
 #endif
 
     VALUE StringIO = rb_define_class("StringIO", rb_cObject);
@@ -1994,7 +2114,9 @@ Init_stringio(void)
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "set_encoding_by_bom", strio_set_encoding_by_bom, 0);
 
     {
+	/* :stopdoc: */
 	VALUE mReadable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "generic_readable");
+	/* :startdoc: */
 	rb_define_method(mReadable, "readchar", strio_readchar, 0);
 	rb_define_method(mReadable, "readbyte", strio_readbyte, 0);
 	rb_define_method(mReadable, "readline", strio_readline, -1);
@@ -2004,7 +2126,9 @@ Init_stringio(void)
 	rb_include_module(StringIO, mReadable);
     }
     {
+	/* :stopdoc: */
 	VALUE mWritable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "generic_writable");
+	/* :startdoc: */
 	rb_define_method(mWritable, "<<", strio_addstr, 1);
 	rb_define_method(mWritable, "print", strio_print, -1);
 	rb_define_method(mWritable, "printf", strio_printf, -1);
diff --git a/ext/strscan/depend b/ext/strscan/depend
index 8dbae206d4..b40a025230 100644
--- a/ext/strscan/depend
+++ b/ext/strscan/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 strscan.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/strscan/extconf.rb b/ext/strscan/extconf.rb
index bd65606a4e..4e8d851fdb 100644
--- a/ext/strscan/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/strscan/extconf.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 require 'mkmf'
 if RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby'
   $INCFLAGS << " -I$(top_srcdir)" if $extmk
-  have_func("onig_region_memsize", "ruby.h")
-  have_func("rb_reg_onig_match", "ruby.h")
+  have_func("onig_region_memsize(NULL)")
+  have_func("rb_reg_onig_match", "ruby/re.h")
+  have_func("rb_deprecate_constant")
+  have_func("rb_int_parse_cstr", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 2.5
+  have_func("rb_gc_location", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 2.7
+  have_const("RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE", "ruby.h") # RUBY_VERSION >= 3.3
   create_makefile 'strscan'
 else
   File.write('Makefile', dummy_makefile("").join)
diff --git a/ext/strscan/lib/strscan.rb b/ext/strscan/lib/strscan.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e8910d141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/strscan/lib/strscan.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+case RUBY_ENGINE
+when 'ruby'
+  require 'strscan.so'
+  require_relative 'strscan/strscan'
+when 'jruby'
+  require 'strscan.jar'
+  JRuby::Util.load_ext('org.jruby.ext.strscan.StringScannerLibrary')
+  require_relative 'strscan/strscan'
+when 'truffleruby'
+  if RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION.to_i >= 34
+    require 'strscan/truffleruby'
+  else
+    $LOAD_PATH.delete __dir__
+    require 'strscan'
+  end
+else
+  raise NotImplementedError, "Unknown Ruby: #{RUBY_ENGINE}"
+end
diff --git a/ext/strscan/lib/strscan/strscan.rb b/ext/strscan/lib/strscan/strscan.rb
index 46acc7ea82..5e262f4007 100644
--- a/ext/strscan/lib/strscan/strscan.rb
+++ b/ext/strscan/lib/strscan/strscan.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,47 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class StringScanner
+  unless method_defined?(:integer_at) # For JRuby
+    def integer_at(specifier, *to_i_args)
+      self[specifier]&.to_i(*to_i_args)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
   # call-seq:
-  #   scan_integer(base: 10)
+  #   scan_integer(base: 10) -> integer or nil
+  #
+  # Returns an integer scanned from `self`,
+  # beginning at the current position;
+  # returns `nil` if no such integer was available.
+  #
+  # When `base` is `10` (the default),
+  # equivalent to calling #scan with argument +pattern+
+  # as `'[+-]?\d+'`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # scanner = StringScanner.new('Form 27B/6')
+  # scanner.scan_integer # => nil # No integer at position 0.
+  # scanner.pos = 5
+  # scanner.scan_integer # => 27
+  # scanner.matched      # => "27"
+  # scanner.pos          # => 7
+  # ```
   #
-  # If `base` isn't provided or is `10`, then it is equivalent to calling `#scan` with a `[+-]?\d+` pattern,
-  # and returns an Integer or nil.
+  # When `base` is `16` (the only other value allowed),
+  # equivalent to calling #scan with argument `pattern`
+  # as `'[+-]?(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+'`:
   #
-  # If `base` is `16`, then it is equivalent to calling `#scan` with a `[+-]?(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+` pattern,
-  # and returns an Integer or nil.
+  # ```ruby
+  # scanner.pos = 5
+  # scanner.scan_integer(base: 16) # => 635
+  # scanner.matched                # => "27B"
+  # scanner.pos                    # => 8
+  # ```
   #
-  # The scanned string must be encoded with an ASCII compatible encoding, otherwise
-  # Encoding::CompatibilityError will be raised.
+  # Raises Encoding::CompatibilityError if `self` does not have
+  # an ASCII compatible encoding.
   def scan_integer(base: 10)
     case base
     when 10
diff --git a/ext/strscan/strscan.c b/ext/strscan/strscan.c
index 2824eeb4d9..dede57218b 100644
--- a/ext/strscan/strscan.c
+++ b/ext/strscan/strscan.c
@@ -22,7 +22,15 @@ extern size_t onig_region_memsize(const struct re_registers *regs);
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#define STRSCAN_VERSION "3.1.2"
+#define STRSCAN_VERSION "3.1.9.dev"
+
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_DEPRECATE_CONSTANT
+/* In ruby 3.0, defined but exposed in external headers */
+extern void rb_deprecate_constant(VALUE mod, const char *name);
+#else
+# define rb_deprecate_constant(mod, name) ((void)0)
+#endif
 
 /* =======================================================================
                          Data Type Definitions
@@ -30,7 +38,6 @@ extern size_t onig_region_memsize(const struct re_registers *regs);
 
 static VALUE StringScanner;
 static VALUE ScanError;
-static ID id_byteslice;
 
 static int usascii_encindex, utf8_encindex, binary_encindex;
 
@@ -97,7 +104,6 @@ static VALUE strscan_init_copy _((VALUE vself, VALUE vorig));
 
 static VALUE strscan_s_mustc _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_terminate _((VALUE self));
-static VALUE strscan_clear _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_get_string _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_set_string _((VALUE self, VALUE str));
 static VALUE strscan_concat _((VALUE self, VALUE str));
@@ -119,14 +125,11 @@ static VALUE strscan_search_full _((VALUE self, VALUE re,
 static void adjust_registers_to_matched _((struct strscanner *p));
 static VALUE strscan_getch _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_get_byte _((VALUE self));
-static VALUE strscan_getbyte _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_peek _((VALUE self, VALUE len));
-static VALUE strscan_peep _((VALUE self, VALUE len));
 static VALUE strscan_scan_base10_integer _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_unscan _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_bol_p _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_eos_p _((VALUE self));
-static VALUE strscan_empty_p _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_rest_p _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_matched_p _((VALUE self));
 static VALUE strscan_matched _((VALUE self));
@@ -179,12 +182,35 @@ extract_beg_len(struct strscanner *p, long beg_i, long len)
                                Constructor
    ======================================================================= */
 
+#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 1
+#else
+# ifdef HAVE_CONST_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+#  define HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 1
+# else
+#  define RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_LOCATION
+static void
+strscan_compact(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct strscanner *p = ptr;
+    p->str = rb_gc_location(p->str);
+    p->regex = rb_gc_location(p->regex);
+}
+#else
+#define rb_gc_mark_movable rb_gc_mark
+#endif
+
 static void
 strscan_mark(void *ptr)
 {
     struct strscanner *p = ptr;
-    rb_gc_mark(p->str);
-    rb_gc_mark(p->regex);
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(p->str);
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(p->regex);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -192,24 +218,37 @@ strscan_free(void *ptr)
 {
     struct strscanner *p = ptr;
     onig_region_free(&(p->regs), 0);
+#ifndef HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
     ruby_xfree(p);
+#endif
 }
 
 static size_t
 strscan_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    const struct strscanner *p = ptr;
-    size_t size = sizeof(*p) - sizeof(p->regs);
+    size_t size = 0;
+#ifndef HAVE_RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
+    size += sizeof(struct strscanner);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_ONIG_REGION_MEMSIZE
-    size += onig_region_memsize(&p->regs);
+    const struct strscanner *p = ptr;
+    size += onig_region_memsize(&p->regs) - sizeof(p->regs);
 #endif
     return size;
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t strscanner_type = {
-    "StringScanner",
-    {strscan_mark, strscan_free, strscan_memsize},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    .wrap_struct_name = "StringScanner",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = strscan_mark,
+        .dfree = strscan_free,
+        .dsize = strscan_memsize,
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_LOCATION
+        .dcompact = strscan_compact,
+#endif
+    },
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 };
 
 static VALUE
@@ -273,7 +312,7 @@ strscan_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         p->fixed_anchor_p = false;
     }
     StringValue(str);
-    p->str = str;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &p->str, str);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -303,7 +342,7 @@ strscan_init_copy(VALUE vself, VALUE vorig)
     orig = check_strscan(vorig);
     if (self != orig) {
 	self->flags = orig->flags;
-	self->str = orig->str;
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(vself, &self->str, orig->str);
 	self->prev = orig->prev;
 	self->curr = orig->curr;
 	if (rb_reg_region_copy(&self->regs, &orig->regs))
@@ -371,6 +410,9 @@ strscan_reset(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   terminate -> self
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/terminate.md
  */
@@ -386,21 +428,6 @@ strscan_terminate(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *   clear -> self
- *
- * This method is obsolete; use the equivalent method StringScanner#terminate.
- */
-
- /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-strscan_clear(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_warning("StringScanner#clear is obsolete; use #terminate instead");
-    return strscan_terminate(self);
-}
-
-/*
  * :markup: markdown
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  *
@@ -467,7 +494,7 @@ strscan_set_string(VALUE self, VALUE str)
     struct strscanner *p = check_strscan(self);
 
     StringValue(str);
-    p->str = str;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &p->str, str);
     p->curr = 0;
     CLEAR_MATCH_STATUS(p);
     return str;
@@ -515,6 +542,9 @@ strscan_concat(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   pos -> byte_position
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/get_pos.md
  */
@@ -524,11 +554,14 @@ strscan_get_pos(VALUE self)
     struct strscanner *p;
 
     GET_SCANNER(self, p);
-    return INT2FIX(p->curr);
+    return LONG2NUM(p->curr);
 }
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   charpos -> character_position
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/get_charpos.md
  */
@@ -544,6 +577,10 @@ strscan_get_charpos(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   pos = n -> n
+ *   pointer = n -> n
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/set_pos.md
  */
@@ -554,7 +591,7 @@ strscan_set_pos(VALUE self, VALUE v)
     long i;
 
     GET_SCANNER(self, p);
-    i = NUM2INT(v);
+    i = NUM2LONG(v);
     if (i < 0) i += S_LEN(p);
     if (i < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "index out of range");
     if (i > S_LEN(p)) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "index out of range");
@@ -712,7 +749,7 @@ strscan_do_scan(VALUE self, VALUE pattern, int succptr, int getstr, int headonly
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(pattern, T_REGEXP)) {
         OnigPosition ret;
-        p->regex = pattern;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &p->regex, pattern);
         ret = rb_reg_onig_match(p->regex,
                                 p->str,
                                 headonly ? strscan_match : strscan_search,
@@ -768,6 +805,9 @@ strscan_do_scan(VALUE self, VALUE pattern, int succptr, int getstr, int headonly
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   scan(pattern) -> substring or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/scan.md
  */
@@ -782,7 +822,7 @@ strscan_scan(VALUE self, VALUE re)
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  *
  * call-seq:
- *   match?(pattern) -> updated_position or nil
+ *   match?(pattern) -> match_size or nil
  *
  * Attempts to [match][17] the given `pattern`
  * at the beginning of the [target substring][3];
@@ -841,6 +881,9 @@ strscan_match_p(VALUE self, VALUE re)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * call-seq:
+ *   skip(pattern) -> match_size or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/skip.md
  */
@@ -913,7 +956,7 @@ strscan_check(VALUE self, VALUE re)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   scan_full(pattern, advance_pointer_p, return_string_p) -> matched_substring or nil
+ *   scan_full(pattern, advance_pointer_p, return_string_p) -> matched_substring or length or nil
  *
  * Equivalent to one of the following:
  *
@@ -938,6 +981,9 @@ strscan_scan_full(VALUE self, VALUE re, VALUE s, VALUE f)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   scan_until(pattern) -> substring or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/scan_until.md
  */
@@ -1012,6 +1058,9 @@ strscan_exist_p(VALUE self, VALUE re)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   skip_until(pattern) -> matched_substring_size or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/skip_until.md
  */
@@ -1123,6 +1172,9 @@ adjust_registers_to_matched(struct strscanner *p)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   getch -> character or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/getch.md
  */
@@ -1150,7 +1202,7 @@ strscan_getch(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   scan_byte -> integer_byte
+ *   scan_byte -> integer_byte or nil
  *
  * Scans one byte and returns it as an integer.
  * This method is not multibyte character sensitive.
@@ -1196,6 +1248,9 @@ strscan_peek_byte(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ * :call-seq:
+ *   get_byte -> byte_as_character or nil
+ *
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  * :include: strscan/methods/get_byte.md
  */
@@ -1219,22 +1274,6 @@ strscan_get_byte(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *   getbyte
- *
- * Equivalent to #get_byte.
- * This method is obsolete; use #get_byte instead.
- */
-
- /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-strscan_getbyte(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_warning("StringScanner#getbyte is obsolete; use #get_byte instead");
-    return strscan_get_byte(self);
-}
-
-/*
  * :markup: markdown
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  *
@@ -1269,22 +1308,6 @@ strscan_peek(VALUE self, VALUE vlen)
     return extract_beg_len(p, p->curr, len);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   peep
- *
- * Equivalent to #peek.
- * This method is obsolete; use #peek instead.
- */
-
- /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-strscan_peep(VALUE self, VALUE vlen)
-{
-    rb_warning("StringScanner#peep is obsolete; use #peek instead");
-    return strscan_peek(self, vlen);
-}
-
 static VALUE
 strscan_parse_integer(struct strscanner *p, int base, long len)
 {
@@ -1305,16 +1328,17 @@ strscan_parse_integer(struct strscanner *p, int base, long len)
 }
 
 static inline bool
-strscan_ascii_compat_fastpath(VALUE str) {
+strscan_ascii_compat_fastpath(VALUE str)
+{
     int encindex = ENCODING_GET_INLINED(str);
-    // The overwhelming majority of strings are in one of these 3 encodings.
+    /* The overwhelming majority of strings are in one of these 3 encodings. */
     return encindex == utf8_encindex || encindex == binary_encindex || encindex == usascii_encindex;
 }
 
 static inline void
 strscan_must_ascii_compat(VALUE str)
 {
-    // The overwhelming majority of strings are in one of these 3 encodings.
+    /* The overwhelming majority of strings are in one of these 3 encodings. */
     if (RB_LIKELY(strscan_ascii_compat_fastpath(str))) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1322,11 +1346,12 @@ strscan_must_ascii_compat(VALUE str)
     rb_must_asciicompat(str);
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 strscan_scan_base10_integer(VALUE self)
 {
     char *ptr;
-    long len = 0;
+    long len = 0, remaining_len;
     struct strscanner *p;
 
     GET_SCANNER(self, p);
@@ -1336,7 +1361,7 @@ strscan_scan_base10_integer(VALUE self)
 
     ptr = CURPTR(p);
 
-    long remaining_len = S_RESTLEN(p);
+    remaining_len = S_RESTLEN(p);
 
     if (remaining_len <= 0) {
         return Qnil;
@@ -1359,11 +1384,12 @@ strscan_scan_base10_integer(VALUE self)
     return strscan_parse_integer(p, 10, len);
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 strscan_scan_base16_integer(VALUE self)
 {
     char *ptr;
-    long len = 0;
+    long len = 0, remaining_len;
     struct strscanner *p;
 
     GET_SCANNER(self, p);
@@ -1373,7 +1399,7 @@ strscan_scan_base16_integer(VALUE self)
 
     ptr = CURPTR(p);
 
-    long remaining_len = S_RESTLEN(p);
+    remaining_len = S_RESTLEN(p);
 
     if (remaining_len <= 0) {
         return Qnil;
@@ -1526,26 +1552,9 @@ strscan_eos_p(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   empty?
- *
- * Equivalent to #eos?.
- * This method is obsolete, use #eos? instead.
- */
-
- /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-strscan_empty_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_warning("StringScanner#empty? is obsolete; use #eos? instead");
-    return strscan_eos_p(self);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
  *   rest?
  *
  * Returns true if and only if there is more data in the string.  See #eos?.
- * This method is obsolete; use #eos? instead.
  *
  *   s = StringScanner.new('test string')
  *   # These two are opposites
@@ -1673,7 +1682,7 @@ name_to_backref_number(struct re_registers *regs, VALUE regexp, const char* name
                                               (const unsigned char* )name_end,
                                               regs);
         if (num >= 1) {
-	        return num;
+	    return num;
         }
     }
     rb_enc_raise(enc, rb_eIndexError, "undefined group name reference: %.*s",
@@ -1681,6 +1690,38 @@ name_to_backref_number(struct re_registers *regs, VALUE regexp, const char* name
 }
 
 /*
+ * Resolve capture group index from Integer, Symbol, or String.
+ * Returns the resolved register index, or -1 if unmatched/out of range.
+ * For Symbol/String specifiers, raises IndexError if the named group
+ * does not exist.
+ */
+static long
+resolve_capture_index(struct strscanner *p, VALUE specifier)
+{
+    const char *name;
+    long i;
+    if (! MATCHED_P(p)) return -1;
+    switch (TYPE(specifier)) {
+        case T_SYMBOL:
+            specifier = rb_sym2str(specifier);
+            /* fall through */
+        case T_STRING:
+            RSTRING_GETMEM(specifier, name, i);
+            i = name_to_backref_number(&(p->regs), p->regex, name, name + i,
+                                       rb_enc_get(specifier));
+            break;
+        default:
+            i = NUM2LONG(specifier);
+    }
+    if (i < 0)
+        i += p->regs.num_regs;
+    if (i < 0)                 return -1;
+    if (i >= p->regs.num_regs) return -1;
+    if (p->regs.beg[i] == -1)  return -1;
+    return i;
+}
+
+/*
  *
  * :markup: markdown
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
@@ -1754,30 +1795,12 @@ name_to_backref_number(struct re_registers *regs, VALUE regexp, const char* name
 static VALUE
 strscan_aref(VALUE self, VALUE idx)
 {
-    const char *name;
     struct strscanner *p;
     long i;
 
     GET_SCANNER(self, p);
-    if (! MATCHED_P(p))        return Qnil;
-
-    switch (TYPE(idx)) {
-        case T_SYMBOL:
-            idx = rb_sym2str(idx);
-            /* fall through */
-        case T_STRING:
-            RSTRING_GETMEM(idx, name, i);
-            i = name_to_backref_number(&(p->regs), p->regex, name, name + i, rb_enc_get(idx));
-            break;
-        default:
-            i = NUM2LONG(idx);
-    }
-
-    if (i < 0)
-        i += p->regs.num_regs;
-    if (i < 0)                 return Qnil;
-    if (i >= p->regs.num_regs) return Qnil;
-    if (p->regs.beg[i] == -1)  return Qnil;
+    i = resolve_capture_index(p, idx);
+    if (i < 0) return Qnil;
 
     return extract_range(p,
                          adjust_register_position(p, p->regs.beg[i]),
@@ -1786,6 +1809,81 @@ strscan_aref(VALUE self, VALUE idx)
 
 /*
  * :markup: markdown
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   integer_at(specifier, base=10) -> integer or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the captured substring at the given `specifier` as an Integer,
+ * following the behavior of `String#to_i(base)`.
+ *
+ * `specifier` can be an Integer (positive, negative, or zero), a Symbol,
+ * or a String for named capture groups.
+ *
+ * Returns `nil` if:
+ * - No match has been performed or the last match failed
+ * - The `specifier` is an Integer and is out of range
+ * - The group at `specifier` did not participate in the match
+ *
+ * Raises IndexError if `specifier` is a Symbol or String that does not
+ * correspond to a named capture group, consistent with
+ * `StringScanner#[]`.
+ *
+ * This is semantically equivalent to `self[specifier]&.to_i(base)`
+ * but avoids the allocation of a temporary String when possible.
+ *
+ * ```rb
+ * scanner = StringScanner.new("2024-06-15")
+ * scanner.scan(/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})/)
+ * scanner.integer_at(1)       # => 2024
+ * scanner.integer_at(1, 16)   # => 8228
+ * ```
+ */
+static VALUE
+strscan_integer_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct strscanner *p;
+    long i;
+    long beg, end, len;
+    const char *ptr;
+    VALUE rb_specifier;
+    VALUE rb_base;
+    int base = 10;
+
+    GET_SCANNER(self, p);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &rb_specifier, &rb_base);
+    if (argc > 1)
+        base = NUM2INT(rb_base);
+    i = resolve_capture_index(p, rb_specifier);
+    if (i < 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    beg = adjust_register_position(p, p->regs.beg[i]);
+    end = adjust_register_position(p, p->regs.end[i]);
+    len = end - beg;
+    ptr = S_PBEG(p) + beg;
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_INT_PARSE_CSTR
+    {
+      /*
+       * Ruby 2.5 or later export the rb_int_parse_cstr() symbol but
+       * prototype definition isn't provided. Ruby 4.1 or later
+       * provide prototype definition.
+       */
+#  ifndef RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT
+        VALUE rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp,
+                                size_t *ndigits, int base, int flags);
+#    define RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT 0x07
+#  endif
+        char *endp;
+        return rb_int_parse_cstr(ptr, len, &endp, NULL, base,
+                                 RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT);
+    }
+#else
+    return rb_str_to_inum(rb_str_new(ptr, len), base, 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * :markup: markdown
  * :include: strscan/link_refs.txt
  *
  * call-seq:
@@ -2053,22 +2151,6 @@ strscan_rest_size(VALUE self)
     return INT2FIX(i);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   restsize
- *
- * <tt>s.restsize</tt> is equivalent to <tt>s.rest_size</tt>.
- * This method is obsolete; use #rest_size instead.
- */
-
- /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-strscan_restsize(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_warning("StringScanner#restsize is obsolete; use #rest_size instead");
-    return strscan_rest_size(self);
-}
-
 #define INSPECT_LENGTH 5
 
 /*
@@ -2211,7 +2293,10 @@ named_captures_iter(const OnigUChar *name,
     VALUE value = RUBY_Qnil;
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < back_num; i++) {
-        value = strscan_aref(data->self, INT2NUM(back_refs[i]));
+        VALUE v = strscan_aref(data->self, INT2NUM(back_refs[i]));
+        if (!RB_NIL_P(v)) {
+            value = v;
+        }
     }
     rb_hash_aset(data->captures, key, value);
     return 0;
@@ -2224,8 +2309,8 @@ named_captures_iter(const OnigUChar *name,
  * call-seq:
  *   named_captures -> hash
  *
- * Returns the array of captured match values at indexes (1..)
- * if the most recent match attempt succeeded, or nil otherwise;
+ * Returns a hash of named captures for the most recent regexp match,
+ * or an empty hash if there are no named captures;
  * see [Captured Match Values][13]:
  *
  * ```rb
@@ -2265,6 +2350,13 @@ strscan_named_captures(VALUE self)
    ======================================================================= */
 
 /*
+ * Document-class: StringScanner::Error
+ *
+ * The error class for StringScanner.
+ * See StringScanner#unscan.
+ */
+
+/*
  * Document-class: StringScanner
  *
  * :markup: markdown
@@ -2284,8 +2376,6 @@ Init_strscan(void)
     ID id_scanerr = rb_intern("ScanError");
     VALUE tmp;
 
-    id_byteslice = rb_intern("byteslice");
-
     usascii_encindex = rb_usascii_encindex();
     utf8_encindex = rb_utf8_encindex();
     binary_encindex = rb_ascii8bit_encindex();
@@ -2294,6 +2384,7 @@ Init_strscan(void)
     ScanError = rb_define_class_under(StringScanner, "Error", rb_eStandardError);
     if (!rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id_scanerr)) {
 	rb_const_set(rb_cObject, id_scanerr, ScanError);
+	rb_deprecate_constant(rb_cObject, "ScanError");
     }
     tmp = rb_str_new2(STRSCAN_VERSION);
     rb_obj_freeze(tmp);
@@ -2301,6 +2392,7 @@ Init_strscan(void)
     tmp = rb_str_new2("$Id$");
     rb_obj_freeze(tmp);
     rb_const_set(StringScanner, rb_intern("Id"), tmp);
+    rb_deprecate_constant(StringScanner, "Id");
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(StringScanner, strscan_s_allocate);
     rb_define_private_method(StringScanner, "initialize", strscan_initialize, -1);
@@ -2308,7 +2400,6 @@ Init_strscan(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(StringScanner, "must_C_version", strscan_s_mustc, 0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "reset",       strscan_reset,       0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "terminate",   strscan_terminate,   0);
-    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "clear",       strscan_clear,       0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "string",      strscan_get_string,  0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "string=",     strscan_set_string,  1);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "concat",      strscan_concat,      1);
@@ -2333,11 +2424,9 @@ Init_strscan(void)
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "getch",       strscan_getch,       0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "get_byte",    strscan_get_byte,    0);
-    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "getbyte",     strscan_getbyte,     0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "scan_byte",   strscan_scan_byte,   0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "peek",        strscan_peek,        1);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "peek_byte",   strscan_peek_byte,   0);
-    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "peep",        strscan_peep,        1);
 
     rb_define_private_method(StringScanner, "scan_base10_integer", strscan_scan_base10_integer, 0);
     rb_define_private_method(StringScanner, "scan_base16_integer", strscan_scan_base16_integer, 0);
@@ -2347,13 +2436,13 @@ Init_strscan(void)
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "beginning_of_line?", strscan_bol_p, 0);
     rb_alias(StringScanner, rb_intern("bol?"), rb_intern("beginning_of_line?"));
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "eos?",        strscan_eos_p,       0);
-    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "empty?",      strscan_empty_p,     0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "rest?",       strscan_rest_p,      0);
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "matched?",    strscan_matched_p,   0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "matched",     strscan_matched,     0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "matched_size", strscan_matched_size, 0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "[]",          strscan_aref,        1);
+    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "integer_at",  strscan_integer_at, -1);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "pre_match",   strscan_pre_match,   0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "post_match",  strscan_post_match,  0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "size",        strscan_size,        0);
@@ -2362,13 +2451,10 @@ Init_strscan(void)
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "rest",        strscan_rest,        0);
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "rest_size",   strscan_rest_size,   0);
-    rb_define_method(StringScanner, "restsize",    strscan_restsize,    0);
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "inspect",     strscan_inspect,     0);
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "fixed_anchor?", strscan_fixed_anchor_p, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(StringScanner, "named_captures", strscan_named_captures, 0);
-
-    rb_require("strscan/strscan");
 }
diff --git a/ext/strscan/strscan.gemspec b/ext/strscan/strscan.gemspec
index 47180bb8d8..a51285fa7e 100644
--- a/ext/strscan/strscan.gemspec
+++ b/ext/strscan/strscan.gemspec
@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.summary = "Provides lexical scanning operations on a String."
   s.description = "Provides lexical scanning operations on a String."
 
-  files = [
-    "COPYING",
-    "LICENSE.txt",
-    "lib/strscan/strscan.rb"
+  files = %w[
+    COPYING
+    LICENSE.txt
+    lib/strscan.rb
+    lib/strscan/strscan.rb
+    lib/strscan/truffleruby.rb
   ]
 
   s.require_paths = %w{lib}
 
   if RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
     files << "lib/strscan.jar"
-    files << "ext/jruby/lib/strscan.rb"
-    s.require_paths += %w{ext/jruby/lib}
     s.platform = "java"
   else
     files << "ext/strscan/extconf.rb"
diff --git a/ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb b/ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d0cbb6afcf..0000000000
--- a/ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,925 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'fiddle/import'
-
-module Win32
-
-=begin rdoc
-= Win32 Registry
-
-win32/registry is registry accessor library for Win32 platform.
-It uses importer to call Win32 Registry APIs.
-
-== example
-  Win32::Registry::HKEY_CURRENT_USER.open('SOFTWARE\foo') do |reg|
-    value = reg['foo']                               # read a value
-    value = reg['foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ]      # read a value with type
-    type, value = reg.read('foo')                    # read a value
-    reg['foo'] = 'bar'                               # write a value
-    reg['foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ] = 'bar'      # write a value with type
-    reg.write('foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ, 'bar') # write a value
-
-    reg.each_value { |name, type, data| ... }        # Enumerate values
-    reg.each_key { |key, wtime| ... }                # Enumerate subkeys
-
-    reg.delete_value(name)                         # Delete a value
-    reg.delete_key(name)                           # Delete a subkey
-    reg.delete_key(name, true)                     # Delete a subkey recursively
-  end
-
-= Reference
-
-== Win32::Registry class
-
---- info
-
---- num_keys
-
---- max_key_length
-
---- num_values
-
---- max_value_name_length
-
---- max_value_length
-
---- descriptor_length
-
---- wtime
-    Returns an item of key information.
-
-=== constants
---- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
-
---- HKEY_CURRENT_USER
-
---- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
-
---- HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA
-
---- HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
-
---- HKEY_DYN_DATA
-
-    Win32::Registry object whose key is predefined key.
-For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/predefined_keys.asp] article.
-
-=end rdoc
-
-  WCHAR = Encoding::UTF_16LE
-  WCHAR_NUL = "\0".encode(WCHAR).freeze
-  WCHAR_CR = "\r".encode(WCHAR).freeze
-  WCHAR_SIZE = WCHAR_NUL.bytesize
-  LOCALE = Encoding::UTF_8
-
-  class Registry
-
-    #
-    # For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/registry.asp].
-    #
-    # --- HKEY_*
-    #
-    #     Predefined key ((*handle*)).
-    #     These are Integer, not Win32::Registry.
-    #
-    # --- REG_*
-    #
-    #     Registry value type.
-    #
-    # --- KEY_*
-    #
-    #     Security access mask.
-    #
-    # --- KEY_OPTIONS_*
-    #
-    #     Key options.
-    #
-    # --- REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY
-    #
-    # --- REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY
-    #
-    #     If the key is created newly or opened existing key.
-    #     See also Registry#disposition method.
-    module Constants
-      HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = 0x80000000
-      HKEY_CURRENT_USER = 0x80000001
-      HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = 0x80000002
-      HKEY_USERS = 0x80000003
-      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA = 0x80000004
-      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT = 0x80000050
-      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT = 0x80000060
-      HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG = 0x80000005
-      HKEY_DYN_DATA = 0x80000006
-
-      REG_NONE = 0
-      REG_SZ = 1
-      REG_EXPAND_SZ = 2
-      REG_BINARY = 3
-      REG_DWORD = 4
-      REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 4
-      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN = 5
-      REG_LINK = 6
-      REG_MULTI_SZ = 7
-      REG_RESOURCE_LIST = 8
-      REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR = 9
-      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST = 10
-      REG_QWORD = 11
-      REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 11
-
-      STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = 0x00020000
-      STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE = 0x00020000
-      KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 0x0001
-      KEY_SET_VALUE = 0x0002
-      KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 0x0004
-      KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS = 0x0008
-      KEY_NOTIFY = 0x0010
-      KEY_CREATE_LINK = 0x0020
-      KEY_READ = STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
-        KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS | KEY_NOTIFY
-      KEY_WRITE = STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE |
-        KEY_SET_VALUE | KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY
-      KEY_EXECUTE = KEY_READ
-      KEY_ALL_ACCESS = KEY_READ | KEY_WRITE | KEY_CREATE_LINK
-
-      REG_OPTION_RESERVED = 0x0000
-      REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE = 0x0000
-      REG_OPTION_VOLATILE = 0x0001
-      REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK = 0x0002
-      REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE = 0x0004
-      REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK = 0x0008
-      REG_LEGAL_OPTION = REG_OPTION_RESERVED |
-        REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE | REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK |
-        REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK
-
-      REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY = 1
-      REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY = 2
-
-      REG_WHOLE_HIVE_VOLATILE = 0x0001
-      REG_REFRESH_HIVE = 0x0002
-      REG_NO_LAZY_FLUSH = 0x0004
-      REG_FORCE_RESTORE = 0x0008
-
-      MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 514
-      MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = 32768
-    end
-    include Constants
-    include Enumerable
-
-    #
-    # Error
-    #
-    class Error < ::StandardError
-      module Kernel32
-        extend Fiddle::Importer
-        dlload "kernel32.dll"
-      end
-      FormatMessageW = Kernel32.extern "int FormatMessageW(int, void *, int, int, void *, int, void *)", :stdcall
-      def initialize(code)
-        @code = code
-        buff = WCHAR_NUL * 1024
-        lang = 0
-        begin
-          len = FormatMessageW.call(0x1200, nil, code, lang, buff, 1024, nil)
-          msg = buff.byteslice(0, len * WCHAR_SIZE)
-          msg.delete!(WCHAR_CR)
-          msg.chomp!
-          msg.encode!(LOCALE)
-        rescue EncodingError
-          raise unless lang == 0
-          lang = 0x0409         # en_US
-          retry
-        end
-        super msg
-      end
-      attr_reader :code
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Predefined Keys
-    #
-    class PredefinedKey < Registry
-      def initialize(hkey, keyname)
-        @hkey = Fiddle::Pointer.new(hkey)
-        @parent = nil
-        @keyname = keyname
-        @disposition = REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY
-      end
-
-      # Predefined keys cannot be closed
-      def close
-        raise Error.new(5) ## ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
-      end
-
-      # Fake #class method for Registry#open, Registry#create
-      def class
-        Registry
-      end
-
-      # Make all
-      Constants.constants.grep(/^HKEY_/) do |c|
-        Registry.const_set c, new(Constants.const_get(c), c.to_s)
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Win32 APIs
-    #
-    module API
-      include Constants
-      extend Fiddle::Importer
-      dlload "advapi32.dll"
-      [
-        "long RegOpenKeyExW(void *, void *, long, long, void *)",
-        "long RegCreateKeyExW(void *, void *, long, long, long, long, void *, void *, void *)",
-        "long RegEnumValueW(void *, long, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *)",
-        "long RegEnumKeyExW(void *, long, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *)",
-        "long RegQueryValueExW(void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *)",
-        "long RegSetValueExW(void *, void *, long, long, void *, long)",
-        "long RegDeleteValueW(void *, void *)",
-        "long RegDeleteKeyW(void *, void *)",
-        "long RegFlushKey(void *)",
-        "long RegCloseKey(void *)",
-        "long RegQueryInfoKeyW(void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *, void *)",
-      ].each do |fn|
-        cfunc = extern fn, :stdcall
-        const_set cfunc.name.intern, cfunc
-      end
-
-      module_function
-
-      def check(result)
-        raise Error, result, caller(1) if result != 0
-      end
-
-      def win64?
-        /^(?:x64|x86_64)/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
-      end
-
-      TEMPLATE_HANDLE = 'J<'
-
-      def packhandle(h)
-        [h].pack(TEMPLATE_HANDLE)
-      end
-
-      def unpackhandle(h)
-        (h + [0].pack(TEMPLATE_HANDLE)).unpack1(TEMPLATE_HANDLE)
-      end
-
-      TEMPLATE_DWORD = 'V'
-
-      def packdw(dw)
-        [dw].pack(TEMPLATE_DWORD)
-      end
-
-      def unpackdw(dw)
-        (dw + [0].pack(TEMPLATE_DWORD)).unpack1(TEMPLATE_DWORD)
-      end
-
-      TEMPLATE_QWORD = 'Q<'
-
-      def packqw(qw)
-        [qw].pack(TEMPLATE_QWORD)
-      end
-
-      def unpackqw(qw)
-        (qw + [0].pack(TEMPLATE_QWORD)).unpack1(TEMPLATE_QWORD)
-      end
-
-      def make_wstr(str)
-        (str+"\0").encode(WCHAR)
-      end
-
-      def OpenKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
-        result = packhandle(0)
-        check RegOpenKeyExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), opt, desired, result)
-        unpackhandle(result)
-      end
-
-      def CreateKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
-        result = packhandle(0)
-        disp = packdw(0)
-        check RegCreateKeyExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), 0, 0, opt, desired,
-                                   nil, result, disp)
-        [ unpackhandle(result), unpackdw(disp) ]
-      end
-
-      def EnumValue(hkey, index)
-        name = WCHAR_NUL * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
-        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
-        check RegEnumValueW.call(hkey, index, name, size, nil, nil, nil, nil)
-        name.byteslice(0, unpackdw(size) * WCHAR_SIZE)
-      end
-
-      def EnumKey(hkey, index)
-        name = WCHAR_NUL * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
-        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
-        wtime = ' ' * 8
-        check RegEnumKeyExW.call(hkey, index, name, size, nil, nil, nil, wtime)
-        [ name.byteslice(0, unpackdw(size) * WCHAR_SIZE), unpackqw(wtime) ]
-      end
-
-      def QueryValue(hkey, name)
-        type = packdw(0)
-        size = packdw(0)
-        name = make_wstr(name)
-        check RegQueryValueExW.call(hkey, name, nil, type, nil, size)
-        data = "\0".b * unpackdw(size)
-        check RegQueryValueExW.call(hkey, name, nil, type, data, size)
-        [ unpackdw(type), data[0, unpackdw(size)] ]
-      end
-
-      def SetValue(hkey, name, type, data, size)
-        case type
-        when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ, REG_MULTI_SZ
-          data = data.encode(WCHAR)
-          size ||= data.bytesize + WCHAR_SIZE
-        end
-        check RegSetValueExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), 0, type, data, size)
-      end
-
-      def DeleteValue(hkey, name)
-        check RegDeleteValueW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name))
-      end
-
-      def DeleteKey(hkey, name)
-        check RegDeleteKeyW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name))
-      end
-
-      def FlushKey(hkey)
-        check RegFlushKey.call(hkey)
-      end
-
-      def CloseKey(hkey)
-        check RegCloseKey.call(hkey)
-      end
-
-      def QueryInfoKey(hkey)
-        subkeys = packdw(0)
-        maxsubkeylen = packdw(0)
-        values = packdw(0)
-        maxvaluenamelen = packdw(0)
-        maxvaluelen = packdw(0)
-        secdescs = packdw(0)
-        wtime = ' ' * 8
-        check RegQueryInfoKeyW.call(hkey, 0, 0, 0, subkeys, maxsubkeylen, 0,
-          values, maxvaluenamelen, maxvaluelen, secdescs, wtime)
-        [ unpackdw(subkeys), unpackdw(maxsubkeylen), unpackdw(values),
-          unpackdw(maxvaluenamelen), unpackdw(maxvaluelen),
-          unpackdw(secdescs), unpackqw(wtime) ]
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Replace %\w+% into the environment value of what is contained between the %'s
-    # This method is used for REG_EXPAND_SZ.
-    #
-    # For detail, see expandEnvironmentStrings[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/expandenvironmentstrings.asp] \Win32 \API.
-    #
-    def self.expand_environ(str)
-      str.gsub(Regexp.compile("%([^%]+)%".encode(str.encoding))) {
-        v = $1.encode(LOCALE)
-        (ENV[v] || ENV[v.upcase])&.encode(str.encoding) || $&
-      }
-    end
-
-    @@type2name = %w[
-      REG_NONE REG_SZ REG_EXPAND_SZ REG_BINARY REG_DWORD
-      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN REG_LINK REG_MULTI_SZ
-      REG_RESOURCE_LIST REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR
-      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST REG_QWORD
-    ].inject([]) do |ary, type|
-      ary[Constants.const_get(type)] = type
-      ary
-    end.freeze
-
-    #
-    # Convert registry type value to readable string.
-    #
-    def self.type2name(type)
-      @@type2name[type] || type.to_s
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Convert 64-bit FILETIME integer into Time object.
-    #
-    def self.wtime2time(wtime)
-      Time.at((wtime - 116444736000000000) / 10000000)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Convert Time object or Integer object into 64-bit FILETIME.
-    #
-    def self.time2wtime(time)
-      time.to_i * 10000000 + 116444736000000000
-    end
-
-    #
-    # constructor
-    #
-    private_class_method :new
-
-    #
-    # --- Registry.open(key, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
-    #
-    # --- Registry.open(key, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED) { |reg| ... }
-    #
-    # Open the registry key subkey under key.
-    # key is Win32::Registry object of parent key.
-    # You can use predefined key HKEY_* (see Constants)
-    # desired and opt is access mask and key option.
-    # For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/regopenkeyex.asp].
-    # If block is given, the key is closed automatically.
-    def self.open(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
-      subkey = subkey.chomp('\\')
-      newkey = API.OpenKey(hkey.instance_variable_get(:@hkey), subkey, opt, desired)
-      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY)
-      if block_given?
-        begin
-          yield obj
-        ensure
-          obj.close
-        end
-      else
-        obj
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # --- Registry.create(key, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
-    #
-    # --- Registry.create(key, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED) { |reg| ... }
-    #
-    # Create or open the registry key subkey under key.
-    # You can use predefined key HKEY_* (see Constants)
-    #
-    # If subkey is already exists, key is opened and Registry#created?
-    # method will return false.
-    #
-    # If block is given, the key is closed automatically.
-    #
-    def self.create(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
-      newkey, disp = API.CreateKey(hkey.instance_variable_get(:@hkey), subkey, opt, desired)
-      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, disp)
-      if block_given?
-        begin
-          yield obj
-        ensure
-          obj.close
-        end
-      else
-        obj
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # finalizer
-    #
-    @@final = proc { |hkey| proc { API.CloseKey(hkey[0]) if hkey[0] } }
-
-    #
-    # initialize
-    #
-    def initialize(hkey, parent, keyname, disposition)
-      @hkey = Fiddle::Pointer.new(hkey)
-      @parent = parent
-      @keyname = keyname
-      @disposition = disposition
-      @hkeyfinal = [ hkey ]
-      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer self, @@final.call(@hkeyfinal)
-    end
-
-    # Win32::Registry object of parent key, or nil if predefeined key.
-    attr_reader :parent
-    # Same as subkey value of Registry.open or
-    # Registry.create method.
-    attr_reader :keyname
-    #  Disposition value (REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY or REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY).
-    attr_reader :disposition
-
-    #  Returns key handle value.
-    def hkey
-      @hkey.to_i
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Returns if key is created ((*newly*)).
-    # (see Registry.create) -- basically you call create
-    # then when you call created? on the instance returned
-    # it will tell if it was successful or not
-    #
-    def created?
-      @disposition == REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Returns if key is not closed.
-    #
-    def open?
-      !@hkey.nil?
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Full path of key such as 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\foo\bar'.
-    #
-    def name
-      parent = self
-      name = @keyname
-      while parent = parent.parent
-        name = parent.keyname + '\\' + name
-      end
-      name
-    end
-
-    def inspect
-      "\#<Win32::Registry key=#{name.inspect}>"
-    end
-
-    #
-    # marshalling is not allowed
-    #
-    def _dump(depth)
-      raise TypeError, "can't dump Win32::Registry"
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Same as Win32::Registry.open (self, subkey, desired, opt)
-    #
-    def open(subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
-      self.class.open(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Same as Win32::Registry.create (self, subkey, desired, opt)
-    #
-    def create(subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
-      self.class.create(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Close key.
-    #
-    # After close, most method raise an error.
-    #
-    def close
-      API.CloseKey(@hkey)
-      @hkey = @parent = @keyname = nil
-      @hkeyfinal[0] = nil
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Enumerate all values in this registry path.
-    #
-    # For each value it yields key, type and data.
-    #
-    # key is a String which contains name of key.
-    # type is a type contant kind of Win32::Registry::REG_*
-    # data is the value of this key.
-    #
-    def each_value
-      return enum_for(:each_value) unless block_given?
-      index = 0
-      while true
-        begin
-          subkey = API.EnumValue(@hkey, index)
-        rescue Error
-          break
-        end
-        subkey = export_string(subkey)
-        begin
-          type, data = read(subkey)
-        rescue Error
-        else
-          yield subkey, type, data
-        end
-        index += 1
-      end
-      index
-    end
-    alias each each_value
-
-    #
-    # return values as an array
-    #
-    def values
-      vals_ary = []
-      each_value { |*, val| vals_ary << val }
-      vals_ary
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Enumerate all subkeys.
-    #
-    # For each subkey it yields subkey and wtime.
-    #
-    # subkey is String which contains name of subkey.
-    # wtime is last write time as FILETIME (64-bit integer).
-    # (see Registry.wtime2time)
-    #
-    def each_key
-      return enum_for(:each_key) unless block_given?
-      index = 0
-      while true
-        begin
-          subkey, wtime = API.EnumKey(@hkey, index)
-        rescue Error
-          break
-        end
-        subkey = export_string(subkey)
-        yield subkey, wtime
-        index += 1
-      end
-      index
-    end
-
-    #
-    # return keys as an array
-    #
-    def keys
-      keys_ary = []
-      each_key { |key,| keys_ary << key }
-      keys_ary
-    end
-
-    # Read a registry value named name and return array of
-    # [ type, data ].
-    # When name is nil, the `default' value is read.
-    # type is value type. (see Win32::Registry::Constants module)
-    # data is value data, its class is:
-    # :REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
-    #    String
-    # :REG_MULTI_SZ
-    #    Array of String
-    # :REG_DWORD, REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, REG_QWORD
-    #    Integer
-    # :REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
-    #    String (contains binary data)
-    #
-    # When rtype is specified, the value type must be included by
-    # rtype array, or TypeError is raised.
-    def read(name, *rtype)
-      type, data = API.QueryValue(@hkey, name)
-      unless rtype.empty? or rtype.include?(type)
-        raise TypeError, "Type mismatch (expect [#{
-          rtype.map{|t|Registry.type2name(t)}.join(', ')}] but #{
-          Registry.type2name(type)} present)"
-      end
-      case type
-      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
-        [ type, data.encode(name.encoding, WCHAR).chop ]
-      when REG_MULTI_SZ
-        [ type, data.encode(name.encoding, WCHAR).split(/\0/) ]
-      when REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
-        [ type, data ]
-      when REG_DWORD
-        [ type, API.unpackdw(data) ]
-      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
-        [ type, data.unpack1('N') ]
-      when REG_QWORD
-        [ type, API.unpackqw(data) ]
-      else
-        raise TypeError, "Type #{Registry.type2name(type)} is not supported."
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Read a registry value named name and return its value data.
-    # The class of the value is the same as the #read method returns.
-    #
-    # If the value type is REG_EXPAND_SZ, returns value data whose environment
-    # variables are replaced.
-    # If the value type is neither REG_SZ, REG_MULTI_SZ, REG_DWORD,
-    # REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, nor REG_QWORD, TypeError is raised.
-    #
-    # The meaning of rtype is the same as for the #read method.
-    #
-    def [](name, *rtype)
-      type, data = read(name, *rtype)
-      case type
-      when REG_SZ, REG_DWORD, REG_QWORD, REG_MULTI_SZ
-        data
-      when REG_EXPAND_SZ
-        Registry.expand_environ(data)
-      else
-        raise TypeError, "Type #{Registry.type2name(type)} is not supported."
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
-    # registry value named name.
-    #
-    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
-    def read_s(name)
-      read(name, REG_SZ)[1]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Read a REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ registry value named name.
-    #
-    # If the value type is REG_EXPAND_SZ, environment variables are replaced.
-    # Unless the value type is REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ, TypeError is raised.
-    #
-    def read_s_expand(name)
-      type, data = read(name, REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ)
-      if type == REG_EXPAND_SZ
-        Registry.expand_environ(data)
-      else
-        data
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
-    # registry value named name.
-    #
-    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
-    #
-    def read_i(name)
-      read(name, REG_DWORD, REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, REG_QWORD)[1]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
-    # registry value named name.
-    #
-    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
-    #
-    def read_bin(name)
-      read(name, REG_BINARY)[1]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write data to a registry value named name.
-    # When name is nil, write to the `default' value.
-    #
-    # type is type value. (see Registry::Constants module)
-    # Class of data must be same as which #read
-    # method returns.
-    #
-    def write(name, type, data)
-      case type
-      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
-        data = data.encode(WCHAR) << WCHAR_NUL
-      when REG_MULTI_SZ
-        data = data.to_a.map {|s| s.encode(WCHAR)}.join(WCHAR_NUL) << WCHAR_NUL
-      when REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
-        data = data.to_s
-      when REG_DWORD
-        data = API.packdw(data.to_i)
-      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
-        data = [data.to_i].pack('N')
-      when REG_QWORD
-        data = API.packqw(data.to_i)
-      else
-        raise TypeError, "Unsupported type #{Registry.type2name(type)}"
-      end
-      API.SetValue(@hkey, name, type, data, data.bytesize)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write value to a registry value named name.
-    #
-    # If wtype is specified, the value type is it.
-    # Otherwise, the value type is depend on class of value:
-    # :Integer
-    #   REG_DWORD
-    # :String
-    #   REG_SZ
-    # :Array
-    #   REG_MULTI_SZ
-    #
-    def []=(name, rtype, value = nil)
-      if value
-        write name, rtype, value
-      else
-        case value = rtype
-        when Integer
-          write name, REG_DWORD, value
-        when String
-          write name, REG_SZ, value
-        when Array
-          write name, REG_MULTI_SZ, value
-        else
-          raise TypeError, "Unexpected type #{value.class}"
-        end
-      end
-      value
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write value to a registry value named name.
-    #
-    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
-    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
-    #
-    def write_s(name, value)
-      write name, REG_SZ, value.to_s
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write value to a registry value named name.
-    #
-    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
-    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
-    #
-    def write_i(name, value)
-      write name, REG_DWORD, value.to_i
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write value to a registry value named name.
-    #
-    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
-    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
-    #
-    def write_bin(name, value)
-      write name, REG_BINARY, value.to_s
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Delete a registry value named name.
-    # We can not delete the `default' value.
-    #
-    def delete_value(name)
-      API.DeleteValue(@hkey, name)
-    end
-    alias delete delete_value
-
-    #
-    # Delete a subkey named name and all its values.
-    #
-    # If recursive is false, the subkey must not have subkeys.
-    # Otherwise, this method deletes all subkeys and values recursively.
-    #
-    def delete_key(name, recursive = false)
-      if recursive
-        open(name, KEY_ALL_ACCESS) do |reg|
-          reg.keys.each do |key|
-            begin
-              reg.delete_key(key, true)
-            rescue Error
-              #
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        API.DeleteKey(@hkey, name)
-      else
-        begin
-          API.EnumKey @hkey, 0
-        rescue Error
-          return API.DeleteKey(@hkey, name)
-        end
-        raise Error.new(5) ## ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Write all the attributes into the registry file.
-    #
-    def flush
-      API.FlushKey @hkey
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Returns key information as Array of:
-    # :num_keys
-    #   The number of subkeys.
-    # :max_key_length
-    #   Maximum length of name of subkeys.
-    # :num_values
-    #   The number of values.
-    # :max_value_name_length
-    #   Maximum length of name of values.
-    # :max_value_length
-    #   Maximum length of value of values.
-    # :descriptor_length
-    #   Length of security descriptor.
-    # :wtime
-    #   Last write time as FILETIME(64-bit integer)
-    #
-    # For detail, see RegQueryInfoKey[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/regqueryinfokey.asp] Win32 API.
-    #
-    def info
-      API.QueryInfoKey(@hkey)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Returns an item of key information.
-    #
-    %w[
-      num_keys max_key_length
-      num_values max_value_name_length max_value_length
-      descriptor_length wtime
-    ].each_with_index do |s, i|
-      eval <<-__END__
-        def #{s}
-          info[#{i}]
-        end
-      __END__
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def export_string(str, enc = Encoding.default_internal || LOCALE) # :nodoc:
-      str.encode(enc)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb b/ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb
index aaa9891456..08fed08563 100644
--- a/ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb
+++ b/ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,24 @@
 
 =end
 
+require 'win32/resolv.so'
+
+# Generic namespace for Windows platform-specific features.
 module Win32
-  module Resolv
+  module Resolv # :nodoc:
+    # Error at Win32 API
+    class Error < StandardError
+      # +code+ Win32 Error code
+      # +message+ Formatted message for +code+
+      def initialize(code, message)
+        super(message)
+        @code = code
+      end
+
+      # Win32 error code
+      attr_reader :code
+    end
+
     def self.get_hosts_path
       path = get_hosts_dir
       path = File.expand_path('hosts', path)
@@ -29,115 +45,62 @@ module Win32
       end
       [ search, nameserver ]
     end
-  end
-end
-
-begin
-  require 'win32/resolv.so'
-rescue LoadError
-end
-
-module Win32
-#====================================================================
-# Windows NT
-#====================================================================
-  module Resolv
-    begin
-      require 'win32/registry'
-      module SZ
-        refine Registry do
-          # ad hoc workaround for broken registry
-          def read_s(key)
-            type, str = read(key)
-            unless type == Registry::REG_SZ
-              warn "Broken registry, #{name}\\#{key} was #{Registry.type2name(type)}, ignored"
-              return String.new
-            end
-            str
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      using SZ
-    rescue LoadError
-      require "open3"
-    end
-
-    TCPIP_NT = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters'
 
     class << self
       private
       def get_hosts_dir
-        get_item_property(TCPIP_NT, 'DataBasePath', expand: true)
+        tcpip_params do |params|
+          params.value('DataBasePath')
+        end
       end
 
       def get_info
         search = nil
         nameserver = get_dns_server_list
 
-        slist = get_item_property(TCPIP_NT, 'SearchList')
-        search = slist.split(/,\s*/) unless slist.empty?
+        tcpip_params do |params|
+          slist = params.value('SearchList')
+          search = slist.split(/,\s*/) if slist and !slist.empty?
 
-        if add_search = search.nil?
-          search = []
-          nvdom = get_item_property(TCPIP_NT, 'NV Domain')
+          if add_search = search.nil?
+            search = []
+            domain = params.value('Domain')
 
-          unless nvdom.empty?
-            @search = [ nvdom ]
-            udmnd = get_item_property(TCPIP_NT, 'UseDomainNameDevolution').to_i
-            if udmnd != 0
-              if /^\w+\./ =~ nvdom
-                devo = $'
+            if domain and !domain.empty?
+              search = [ domain ]
+              udmnd = params.value('UseDomainNameDevolution')
+              if udmnd&.nonzero?
+                if /^\w+\./ =~ domain
+                  devo = $'
+                end
               end
             end
           end
-        end
 
-        ifs = if defined?(Win32::Registry)
-                Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.open(TCPIP_NT + '\Interfaces') do |reg|
-                  reg.keys
-                rescue Registry::Error
-                  []
-                end
-              else
-                cmd = "Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\\#{TCPIP_NT}\\Interfaces' | ForEach-Object { $_.PSChildName }"
-                output, _ = Open3.capture2('powershell', '-Command', cmd)
-                output.split(/\n+/)
+          params.open('Interfaces') do |reg|
+            reg.each_key do |iface|
+              next unless ns = %w[NameServer DhcpNameServer].find do |key|
+                ns = iface.value(key)
+                break ns.split(/[,\s]\s*/) if ns and !ns.empty?
               end
 
-        ifs.each do |iface|
-          next unless ns = %w[NameServer DhcpNameServer].find do |key|
-            ns = get_item_property(TCPIP_NT + '\Interfaces' + "\\#{iface}", key)
-            break ns.split(/[,\s]\s*/) unless ns.empty?
-          end
-
-          next if (nameserver & ns).empty?
+              next if (nameserver & ns).empty?
 
-          if add_search
-            [ 'Domain', 'DhcpDomain' ].each do |key|
-              dom = get_item_property(TCPIP_NT + '\Interfaces' + "\\#{iface}", key)
-              unless dom.empty?
-                search.concat(dom.split(/,\s*/))
-                break
+              if add_search
+                [ 'Domain', 'DhcpDomain' ].each do |key|
+                  dom = iface.value(key)
+                  if dom and !dom.empty?
+                    search.concat(dom.split(/,\s*/))
+                    break
+                  end
+                end
               end
             end
           end
-        end
-        search << devo if add_search and devo
-        [ search.uniq, nameserver.uniq ]
-      end
 
-      def get_item_property(path, name, expand: false)
-        if defined?(Win32::Registry)
-          Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.open(path) do |reg|
-            expand ? reg.read_s_expand(name) : reg.read_s(name)
-          rescue Registry::Error
-            ""
-          end
-        else
-          cmd = "Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\\#{path}' -Name '#{name}' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -ExpandProperty #{name}"
-          output, _ = Open3.capture2('powershell', '-Command', cmd)
-          output.strip
+          search << devo if add_search and devo
         end
+        [ search.uniq, nameserver.uniq ]
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/win32/resolv/extconf.rb b/ext/win32/resolv/extconf.rb
index 4afbf8a4f6..5ee4c0d7c4 100644
--- a/ext/win32/resolv/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/win32/resolv/extconf.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'mkmf'
-if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby" and have_library('iphlpapi', 'GetNetworkParams')
+if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby" and have_library('iphlpapi', 'GetNetworkParams', ['windows.h', 'iphlpapi.h'])
+  have_library('advapi32', 'RegGetValueW', ['windows.h'])
   create_makefile('win32/resolv')
 else
   File.write('Makefile', "all clean install:\n\t@echo Done: $(@)\n")
diff --git a/ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c b/ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c
index af678e1f17..9150df5dc1 100644
--- a/ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c
+++ b/ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c
@@ -1,26 +1,59 @@
 #include <ruby.h>
 #include <ruby/encoding.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#include <windns.h>
 #ifndef NTDDI_VERSION
 #define NTDDI_VERSION 0x06000000
 #endif
 #include <iphlpapi.h>
 
+#ifndef numberof
+#define numberof(array) ((int)(sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0])))
+#endif
+
 static VALUE
 w32error_make_error(DWORD e)
 {
-    VALUE code = ULONG2NUM(e);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &code, rb_path2class("Win32::Resolv::Error"));
+    char buffer[512], *p;
+    DWORD source = 0;
+    VALUE args[2];
+    if (!FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, &source, e,
+                       MAKELANGID(LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US),
+                       buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL)) {
+        snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Unknown Error %lu", (unsigned long)e);
+    }
+    p = buffer;
+    while ((p = strpbrk(p, "\r\n")) != NULL) {
+        memmove(p, p + 1, strlen(p));
+        if (!p[1]) {
+            p[0] = '\0';
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    args[0] = ULONG2NUM(e);
+    args[1] = rb_str_new_cstr(buffer);
+    return rb_class_new_instance(2, args, rb_path2class("Win32::Resolv::Error"));
 }
 
-NORETURN(static void w32error_raise(DWORD e));
-
 static void
-w32error_raise(DWORD e)
+w32error_check(DWORD e)
+{
+    if (e != NO_ERROR) {
+        rb_exc_raise(w32error_make_error(e));
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wchar_to_utf8(const WCHAR *w, int n)
 {
-    rb_exc_raise(w32error_make_error(e));
+    int clen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, w, n, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    VALUE str = rb_enc_str_new(NULL, clen, rb_utf8_encoding());
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, w, n, RSTRING_PTR(str), clen, NULL, NULL);
+    return str;
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 get_dns_server_list(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -30,9 +63,7 @@ get_dns_server_list(VALUE self)
     VALUE buf, nameservers = Qnil;
 
     ret = GetNetworkParams(NULL, &buflen);
-    if (ret != NO_ERROR && ret != ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
-        w32error_raise(ret);
-    }
+    if (ret != ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) w32error_check(ret);
     fixedinfo = ALLOCV(buf, buflen);
     ret = GetNetworkParams(fixedinfo, &buflen);
     if (ret == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -46,18 +77,181 @@ get_dns_server_list(VALUE self)
         } while ((ipaddr = ipaddr->Next) != NULL);
     }
     ALLOCV_END(buf);
-    if (ret != NO_ERROR) w32error_raise(ret);
+    w32error_check(ret);
 
     return nameservers;
 }
 
+static const WCHAR TCPIP_Params[] = L"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters";
+
+static void
+hkey_finalize(void *p)
+{
+    RegCloseKey((HKEY)p);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t hkey_type = {
+    "RegKey",
+    {0, hkey_finalize},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE
+hkey_close(VALUE self)
+{
+    RegCloseKey((HKEY)DATA_PTR(self));
+    DATA_PTR(self) = 0;
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE reg_key_class;
+
+static VALUE
+reg_open_key(VALUE klass, HKEY hkey, const WCHAR *wname)
+{
+    VALUE k = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &hkey_type, NULL);
+    DWORD e = RegOpenKeyExW(hkey, wname, 0, KEY_READ, (HKEY *)&DATA_PTR(k));
+    if (e == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) return Qnil;
+    w32error_check(e);
+    return rb_ensure(rb_yield, k, hkey_close, k);
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+tcpip_params_open(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return reg_open_key(reg_key_class, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, TCPIP_Params);
+}
+
+static int
+to_wname(VALUE *name, WCHAR *wname, int wlen)
+{
+    const char *n = StringValueCStr(*name);
+    int nlen = RSTRING_LEN(*name);
+    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, n, nlen, wname, wlen - 1);
+    if (len == 0) w32error_check(GetLastError());
+    if (len >= wlen) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too long name");
+    wname[len] = L'\0';
+    return len;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+reg_open(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    HKEY hkey = DATA_PTR(self);
+    WCHAR wname[256];
+    to_wname(&name, wname, numberof(wname));
+    return reg_open_key(CLASS_OF(self), hkey, wname);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+reg_each_key(VALUE self)
+{
+    WCHAR wname[256];
+    HKEY hkey = DATA_PTR(self);
+    VALUE k = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(self), &hkey_type, NULL);
+    DWORD i, e, n;
+    for (i = 0; n = numberof(wname), (e = RegEnumKeyExW(hkey, i, wname, &n, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == ERROR_SUCCESS; i++) {
+        e = RegOpenKeyExW(hkey, wname, 0, KEY_READ, (HKEY *)&DATA_PTR(k));
+        w32error_check(e);
+        rb_ensure(rb_yield, k, hkey_close, k);
+    }
+    if (e != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) w32error_check(e);
+    return self;
+}
+
+static inline DWORD
+swap_dw(DWORD x)
+{
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    return _byteswap_ulong(x);
+#else
+    return __builtin_bswap32(x);
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+reg_value(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    HKEY hkey = DATA_PTR(self);
+    DWORD type = 0, size = 0, e;
+    VALUE result, value_buffer;
+    void *buffer;
+    WCHAR wname[256];
+    to_wname(&name, wname, numberof(wname));
+    e = RegGetValueW(hkey, NULL, wname, RRF_RT_ANY, &type, NULL, &size);
+    if (e == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) return Qnil;
+    w32error_check(e);
+# define get_value_2nd(data, dsize) do { \
+        DWORD type2 = type; \
+        w32error_check(RegGetValueW(hkey, NULL, wname, RRF_RT_ANY, &type2, data, dsize)); \
+        if (type != type2) { \
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "registry value type changed %lu -> %lu", \
+                     (unsigned long)type, (unsigned long)type2); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case REG_DWORD: case REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN:
+        {
+            DWORD d;
+            if (size != sizeof(d)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid size returned: %lu", (unsigned long)size);
+            w32error_check(RegGetValueW(hkey, NULL, wname, RRF_RT_REG_DWORD, &type, &d, &size));
+            if (type == REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN) d = swap_dw(d);
+            return ULONG2NUM(d);
+        }
+      case REG_QWORD:
+        {
+            QWORD q;
+            if (size != sizeof(q)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid size returned: %lu", (unsigned long)size);
+            w32error_check(RegGetValueW(hkey, NULL, wname, RRF_RT_REG_QWORD, &type, &q, &size));
+            return ULL2NUM(q);
+        }
+      case REG_SZ: case REG_MULTI_SZ: case REG_EXPAND_SZ:
+        if (size % sizeof(WCHAR)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid size returned: %lu", (unsigned long)size);
+        buffer = ALLOCV_N(char, value_buffer, size);
+        get_value_2nd(buffer, &size);
+        if (type == REG_MULTI_SZ) {
+            const WCHAR *w = (WCHAR *)buffer;
+            result = rb_ary_new();
+            size /= sizeof(WCHAR);
+            size -= 1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+                int n = lstrlenW(w+i);
+                rb_ary_push(result, wchar_to_utf8(w+i, n));
+                i += n;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            result = wchar_to_utf8((WCHAR *)buffer, lstrlenW((WCHAR *)buffer));
+        }
+        ALLOCV_END(value_buffer);
+        break;
+      default:
+        result = rb_str_new(0, size);
+        get_value_2nd(RSTRING_PTR(result), &size);
+        rb_str_set_len(result, size);
+        break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 void
 InitVM_resolv(void)
 {
     VALUE mWin32 = rb_define_module("Win32");
     VALUE resolv = rb_define_module_under(mWin32, "Resolv");
     VALUE singl = rb_singleton_class(resolv);
+    VALUE regkey = rb_define_class_under(resolv, "registry key", rb_cObject);
+
+    reg_key_class = regkey;
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(regkey);
     rb_define_private_method(singl, "get_dns_server_list", get_dns_server_list, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(singl, "tcpip_params", tcpip_params_open, 0);
+    rb_define_method(regkey, "open", reg_open, 1);
+    rb_define_method(regkey, "each_key", reg_each_key, 0);
+    rb_define_method(regkey, "value", reg_value, 1);
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/ext/win32/win32-registry.gemspec b/ext/win32/win32-registry.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index d747daf458..0000000000
--- a/ext/win32/win32-registry.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name = "win32-registry"
-  spec.version = "0.1.0"
-  spec.authors = ["U.Nakamura"]
-  spec.email = ["usa@garbagecollect.jp"]
-
-  spec.summary = %q{Provides an interface to the Windows Registry in Ruby}
-  spec.description = spec.summary
-  spec.homepage = "https://github.com/ruby/win32-registry"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.6.0"
-
-  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
-
-  # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
-  # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  excludes = %w[
-    bin/ test/ spec/ features/ rakelib/
-    .git .github .mailmap appveyor Rakefile Gemfile
-  ]
-  spec.files = Dir.chdir(__dir__) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
-      File.identical?(f, __FILE__) || f.start_with?(*excludes)
-    end
-  end
-  spec.bindir = "exe"
-  spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{\Aexe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
-  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-
-  spec.add_dependency "fiddle", "~> 1.0"
-end
diff --git a/ext/zlib/depend b/ext/zlib/depend
index bdce420264..22e9ca867a 100644
--- a/ext/zlib/depend
+++ b/ext/zlib/depend
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/re.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/signal.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h
 zlib.o: $(hdrdir)/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
diff --git a/ext/zlib/zlib.c b/ext/zlib/zlib.c
index 0b9c4d65ee..481d74b2b6 100644
--- a/ext/zlib/zlib.c
+++ b/ext/zlib/zlib.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 # define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(p, n) 0
 #endif
 
-#define RUBY_ZLIB_VERSION "3.2.1"
+#define RUBY_ZLIB_VERSION "3.2.3"
 
 #ifndef RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS
 # define rb_class_new_instance_kw(argc, argv, klass, kw_splat) rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass)
@@ -860,9 +860,7 @@ zstream_buffer_ungets(struct zstream *z, const Bytef *b, unsigned long len)
     char *bufptr;
     long filled;
 
-    if (NIL_P(z->buf) || (long)rb_str_capacity(z->buf) <= ZSTREAM_BUF_FILLED(z)) {
-	zstream_expand_buffer_into(z, len);
-    }
+    zstream_expand_buffer_into(z, len);
 
     RSTRING_GETMEM(z->buf, bufptr, filled);
     memmove(bufptr + len, bufptr, filled);
@@ -1094,8 +1092,9 @@ zstream_run_func(struct zstream_run_args *args)
             break;
         }
 
-        if (err != Z_OK && err != Z_BUF_ERROR)
+        if (err != Z_OK && err != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
             break;
+        }
 
         if (z->stream.avail_out > 0) {
             z->flags |= ZSTREAM_FLAG_IN_STREAM;
@@ -1170,12 +1169,17 @@ loop:
     /* retry if no exception is thrown */
     if (err == Z_OK && args->interrupt) {
        args->interrupt = 0;
-       goto loop;
+
+       /* Retry only if both avail_in > 0 (more input to process) and avail_out > 0
+        * (output buffer has space). If avail_out == 0, the buffer is full and should
+        * be consumed by the caller first. If avail_in == 0, there's nothing more to process. */
+       if (z->stream.avail_in > 0 && z->stream.avail_out > 0) {
+          goto loop;
+       }
     }
 
-    if (flush != Z_FINISH && err == Z_BUF_ERROR
-	    && z->stream.avail_out > 0) {
-	z->flags |= ZSTREAM_FLAG_IN_STREAM;
+    if (flush != Z_FINISH && err == Z_BUF_ERROR && z->stream.avail_out > 0) {
+        z->flags |= ZSTREAM_FLAG_IN_STREAM;
     }
 
     zstream_reset_input(z);
@@ -1456,6 +1460,7 @@ rb_zstream_finish(VALUE obj)
  * call-seq:
  *   flush_next_in -> input
  *
+ * Flushes input buffer and returns all data in that buffer.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_zstream_flush_next_in(VALUE obj)
@@ -2444,17 +2449,16 @@ struct gzfile {
 
 #define GZFILE_READ_SIZE  2048
 
+enum { read_raw_arg_len, read_raw_arg_buf, read_raw_arg__count};
 struct read_raw_arg {
     VALUE io;
-    union {
-	const VALUE argv[2]; /* for rb_funcallv */
-	struct {
-	    VALUE len;
-	    VALUE buf;
-	} in;
-    } as;
+    const VALUE argv[read_raw_arg__count]; /* for rb_funcallv */
 };
 
+#define read_raw_arg_argc(ra) \
+    ((int)read_raw_arg__count - NIL_P((ra)->argv[read_raw_arg__count - 1]))
+#define read_raw_arg_init(io, len, buf) { io, { len, buf } }
+
 static void
 gzfile_mark(void *p)
 {
@@ -2580,9 +2584,9 @@ gzfile_read_raw_partial(VALUE arg)
 {
     struct read_raw_arg *ra = (struct read_raw_arg *)arg;
     VALUE str;
-    int argc = NIL_P(ra->as.argv[1]) ? 1 : 2;
+    int argc = read_raw_arg_argc(ra);
 
-    str = rb_funcallv(ra->io, id_readpartial, argc, ra->as.argv);
+    str = rb_funcallv(ra->io, id_readpartial, argc, ra->argv);
     Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
     return str;
 }
@@ -2593,8 +2597,8 @@ gzfile_read_raw_rescue(VALUE arg, VALUE _)
     struct read_raw_arg *ra = (struct read_raw_arg *)arg;
     VALUE str = Qnil;
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rb_errinfo(), rb_eNoMethodError)) {
-	int argc = NIL_P(ra->as.argv[1]) ? 1 : 2;
-	str = rb_funcallv(ra->io, id_read, argc, ra->as.argv);
+	int argc = read_raw_arg_argc(ra);
+	str = rb_funcallv(ra->io, id_read, argc, ra->argv);
         if (!NIL_P(str)) {
             Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
         }
@@ -2605,11 +2609,8 @@ gzfile_read_raw_rescue(VALUE arg, VALUE _)
 static VALUE
 gzfile_read_raw(struct gzfile *gz, VALUE outbuf)
 {
-    struct read_raw_arg ra;
-
-    ra.io = gz->io;
-    ra.as.in.len = INT2FIX(GZFILE_READ_SIZE);
-    ra.as.in.buf = outbuf;
+    struct read_raw_arg ra =
+	read_raw_arg_init(gz->io, INT2FIX(GZFILE_READ_SIZE), outbuf);
 
     return rb_rescue2(gzfile_read_raw_partial, (VALUE)&ra,
                       gzfile_read_raw_rescue, (VALUE)&ra,
diff --git a/file.c b/file.c
index d110d9f7ee..c4a531d783 100644
--- a/file.c
+++ b/file.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 **********************************************************************/
 
 #include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 # include "missing/file.h"
@@ -131,6 +132,14 @@ int flock(int, int);
 # define STAT(p, s)      stat((p), (s))
 #endif /* _WIN32 */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STATX_STX_BTIME
+# define ST_(name) stx_ ## name
+typedef struct statx_timestamp stat_timestamp;
+#else
+# define ST_(name) st_ ## name
+typedef struct timespec stat_timestamp;
+#endif
+
 #if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
 # define USE_OSPATH 1
 # define TO_OSPATH(str) rb_str_encode_ospath(str)
@@ -160,6 +169,7 @@ int flock(int, int);
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/compilers.h"
 #include "internal/dir.h"
+#include "internal/encoding.h"
 #include "internal/error.h"
 #include "internal/file.h"
 #include "internal/io.h"
@@ -172,6 +182,13 @@ int flock(int, int);
 #include "ruby/thread.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
 
+#define UIANY2NUM(x) \
+    ((sizeof(x) <= sizeof(unsigned int)) ? \
+     UINT2NUM((unsigned)(x)) : \
+     (sizeof(x) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) ? \
+     ULONG2NUM((unsigned long)(x)) : \
+     ULL2NUM((unsigned LONG_LONG)(x)))
+
 VALUE rb_cFile;
 VALUE rb_mFileTest;
 VALUE rb_cStat;
@@ -197,15 +214,16 @@ file_path_convert(VALUE name)
     return name;
 }
 
-static rb_encoding *
+static void
 check_path_encoding(VALUE str)
 {
-    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);
-    if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eEncCompatError, "path name must be ASCII-compatible (%s): %"PRIsVALUE,
-                 rb_enc_name(enc), rb_str_inspect(str));
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!rb_str_enc_fastpath(str))) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_str_enc_get(str);
+        if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eEncCompatError, "path name must be ASCII-compatible (%s): %"PRIsVALUE,
+                     rb_enc_name(enc), rb_str_inspect(str));
+        }
     }
-    return enc;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -227,13 +245,20 @@ VALUE
 rb_get_path_check_convert(VALUE obj)
 {
     obj = file_path_convert(obj);
+    rb_get_path_check_no_convert(obj);
+    return rb_str_new_frozen(obj);
+}
 
+/* TODO: name */
+VALUE
+rb_get_path_check_no_convert(VALUE obj)
+{
     check_path_encoding(obj);
     if (!rb_str_to_cstr(obj)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "path name contains null byte");
     }
 
-    return rb_str_new4(obj);
+    return obj;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -248,6 +273,19 @@ rb_get_path(VALUE obj)
     return rb_get_path_check_convert(rb_get_path_check_to_string(obj));
 }
 
+static inline VALUE
+check_path(VALUE obj, const char **cstr)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_get_path_check_convert(rb_get_path_check_to_string(obj));
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+    str = rb_str_new_frozen(str);
+#endif
+    *cstr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    return str;
+}
+
+#define CheckPath(str, cstr) RB_GC_GUARD(str) = check_path(str, &cstr);
+
 VALUE
 rb_str_encode_ospath(VALUE path)
 {
@@ -349,16 +387,22 @@ rb_str_normalize_ospath(const char *ptr, long len)
     const char *p = ptr;
     const char *e = ptr + len;
     const char *p1 = p;
-    VALUE str = rb_str_buf_new(len);
     rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
-    rb_enc_associate(str, enc);
+    VALUE str = rb_utf8_str_new(ptr, len);
+    if (RB_LIKELY(rb_enc_str_coderange(str) == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)) {
+        return str;
+    }
+    else {
+        str = rb_str_buf_new(len);
+        rb_enc_associate(str, enc);
+    }
 
     while (p < e) {
         int l, c;
         int r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(p, e, enc);
         if (!MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P(r)) {
             /* invalid byte shall not happen but */
-            static const char invalid[3] = "\xEF\xBF\xBD";
+            RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING() static const char invalid[3] = "\xEF\xBF\xBD";
             rb_str_append_normalized_ospath(str, p1, p-p1);
             rb_str_cat(str, invalid, sizeof(invalid));
             p += 1;
@@ -493,6 +537,10 @@ apply2files(int (*func)(const char *, void *), int argc, VALUE *argv, void *arg)
     return LONG2FIX(argc);
 }
 
+static stat_timestamp stat_atimespec(const struct stat *st);
+static stat_timestamp stat_mtimespec(const struct stat *st);
+static stat_timestamp stat_ctimespec(const struct stat *st);
+
 static const rb_data_type_t stat_data_type = {
     "stat",
     {
@@ -504,29 +552,67 @@ static const rb_data_type_t stat_data_type = {
 };
 
 struct rb_stat {
-    struct stat stat;
+    rb_io_stat_data stat;
     bool initialized;
 };
 
-static VALUE
-stat_new_0(VALUE klass, const struct stat *st)
+static struct rb_stat *
+stat_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE *obj)
 {
     struct rb_stat *rb_st;
-    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct rb_stat, &stat_data_type, rb_st);
+    *obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct rb_stat, &stat_data_type, rb_st);
+    return rb_st;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_stat_new(const struct stat *st)
+{
+    VALUE obj;
+    struct rb_stat *rb_st = stat_alloc(rb_cStat, &obj);
     if (st) {
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+# define CP(m) .stx_ ## m = st->st_ ## m
+# define CP_32(m) .stx_ ## m = (uint32_t)st->st_ ## m
+# define CP_TS(m) .stx_ ## m = stat_ ## m ## spec(st)
+        rb_st->stat = (struct statx){
+            .stx_mask = STATX_BASIC_STATS,
+            CP(mode),
+            CP_32(nlink),
+            CP(uid),
+            CP(gid),
+            CP_TS(atime),
+            CP_TS(mtime),
+            CP_TS(ctime),
+            CP(ino),
+            CP(size),
+            CP(blocks),
+        };
+# undef CP
+# undef CP_TS
+#else
         rb_st->stat = *st;
+#endif
         rb_st->initialized = true;
     }
+
     return obj;
 }
 
+#ifndef rb_statx_new
 VALUE
-rb_stat_new(const struct stat *st)
+rb_statx_new(const rb_io_stat_data *st)
 {
-    return stat_new_0(rb_cStat, st);
+    VALUE obj;
+    struct rb_stat *rb_st = stat_alloc(rb_cStat, &obj);
+    if (st) {
+        rb_st->stat = *st;
+        rb_st->initialized = true;
+    }
+    return obj;
 }
+#endif
 
-static struct stat*
+static rb_io_stat_data*
 get_stat(VALUE self)
 {
     struct rb_stat* rb_st;
@@ -535,29 +621,51 @@ get_stat(VALUE self)
     return &rb_st->stat;
 }
 
-static struct timespec stat_mtimespec(const struct stat *st);
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+static stat_timestamp
+statx_mtimespec(const rb_io_stat_data *st)
+{
+    return st->stx_mtime;
+}
+#else
+# define statx_mtimespec stat_mtimespec
+#endif
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     stat <=> other_stat    -> -1, 0, 1, nil
+ *    self <=> other -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+, by comparing their modification times;
+ *  that is, by comparing <tt>self.mtime</tt> and <tt>other.mtime</tt>.
  *
- *  Compares File::Stat objects by comparing their respective modification
- *  times.
+ *  Returns:
  *
- *  +nil+ is returned if +other_stat+ is not a File::Stat object
+ *  - +-1+, if <tt>self.mtime</tt> is earlier.
+ *  - +0+, if the two values are equal.
+ *  - +1+, if <tt>self.mtime</tt> is later.
+ *  - +nil+, if +other+ is not a File::Stat object.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
  *
- *     f1 = File.new("f1", "w")
- *     sleep 1
- *     f2 = File.new("f2", "w")
- *     f1.stat <=> f2.stat   #=> -1
+ *    stat0 = File.stat('README.md')
+ *    stat1 = File.stat('NEWS.md')
+ *    stat0.mtime         # => 2025-12-20 15:33:05.6972341 -0600
+ *    stat1.mtime         # => 2025-12-20 16:02:08.2672945 -0600
+ *    stat0 <=> stat1     # => -1
+ *    stat0 <=> stat0.dup # => 0
+ *    stat1 <=> stat0     # => 1
+ *    stat0 <=> :foo      # => nil
+ *
+ *  \Class \File::Stat includes module Comparable,
+ *  each of whose methods uses File::Stat#<=> for comparison.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_obj_class(self))) {
-        struct timespec ts1 = stat_mtimespec(get_stat(self));
-        struct timespec ts2 = stat_mtimespec(get_stat(other));
+        stat_timestamp ts1 = statx_mtimespec(get_stat(self));
+        stat_timestamp ts2 = statx_mtimespec(get_stat(other));
         if (ts1.tv_sec == ts2.tv_sec) {
             if (ts1.tv_nsec == ts2.tv_nsec) return INT2FIX(0);
             if (ts1.tv_nsec < ts2.tv_nsec) return INT2FIX(-1);
@@ -594,7 +702,11 @@ rb_stat_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_dev(VALUE self)
 {
-#if SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_DEV <= SIZEOF_DEV_T
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    unsigned int m = get_stat(self)->stx_dev_major;
+    unsigned int n = get_stat(self)->stx_dev_minor;
+    return ULL2NUM(makedev(m, n));
+#elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_DEV <= SIZEOF_DEV_T
     return DEVT2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_dev);
 #elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_DEV <= SIZEOF_LONG
     return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_dev);
@@ -617,7 +729,9 @@ rb_stat_dev(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_dev_major(VALUE self)
 {
-#if defined(major)
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    return UINT2NUM(get_stat(self)->stx_dev_major);
+#elif defined(major)
     return UINT2NUM(major(get_stat(self)->st_dev));
 #else
     return Qnil;
@@ -638,7 +752,9 @@ rb_stat_dev_major(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_dev_minor(VALUE self)
 {
-#if defined(minor)
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    return UINT2NUM(get_stat(self)->stx_dev_minor);
+#elif defined(minor)
     return UINT2NUM(minor(get_stat(self)->st_dev));
 #else
     return Qnil;
@@ -658,16 +774,15 @@ rb_stat_dev_minor(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_ino(VALUE self)
 {
+    rb_io_stat_data *ptr = get_stat(self);
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_INOHIGH
     /* assume INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST and st_inohigh is just next of st_ino */
-    return rb_integer_unpack(&get_stat(self)->st_ino, 2,
+    return rb_integer_unpack(&ptr->st_ino, 2,
             SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_INO, 0,
             INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
             INTEGER_PACK_2COMP);
-#elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_INO > SIZEOF_LONG
-    return ULL2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_ino);
 #else
-    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_ino);
+    return UIANY2NUM(ptr->ST_(ino));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -687,7 +802,7 @@ rb_stat_ino(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_mode(VALUE self)
 {
-    return UINT2NUM(ST2UINT(get_stat(self)->st_mode));
+    return UINT2NUM(ST2UINT(get_stat(self)->ST_(mode)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -706,20 +821,9 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_nlink(VALUE self)
 {
     /* struct stat::st_nlink is nlink_t in POSIX.  Not the case for Windows. */
-    const struct stat *ptr = get_stat(self);
+    const rb_io_stat_data *ptr = get_stat(self);
 
-    if (sizeof(ptr->st_nlink) <= sizeof(int)) {
-        return UINT2NUM((unsigned)ptr->st_nlink);
-    }
-    else if (sizeof(ptr->st_nlink) == sizeof(long)) {
-        return ULONG2NUM((unsigned long)ptr->st_nlink);
-    }
-    else if (sizeof(ptr->st_nlink) == sizeof(LONG_LONG)) {
-        return ULL2NUM((unsigned LONG_LONG)ptr->st_nlink);
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_bug(":FIXME: don't know what to do");
-    }
+    return UIANY2NUM(ptr->ST_(nlink));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -735,7 +839,7 @@ rb_stat_nlink(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_uid(VALUE self)
 {
-    return UIDT2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_uid);
+    return UIDT2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(uid));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -751,7 +855,7 @@ rb_stat_uid(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_gid(VALUE self)
 {
-    return GIDT2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_gid);
+    return GIDT2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(gid));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -769,16 +873,18 @@ rb_stat_gid(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_rdev(VALUE self)
 {
-#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV
-# if SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV <= SIZEOF_DEV_T
-    return DEVT2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_rdev);
-# elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV <= SIZEOF_LONG
-    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_rdev);
-# else
-    return ULL2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_rdev);
-# endif
-#else
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    unsigned int m = get_stat(self)->stx_rdev_major;
+    unsigned int n = get_stat(self)->stx_rdev_minor;
+    return ULL2NUM(makedev(m, n));
+#elif !defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV)
     return Qnil;
+#elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV <= SIZEOF_DEV_T
+    return DEVT2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(rdev));
+#elif SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV <= SIZEOF_LONG
+    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(rdev));
+#else
+    return ULL2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(rdev));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -796,8 +902,10 @@ rb_stat_rdev(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_rdev_major(VALUE self)
 {
-#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV) && defined(major)
-    return UINT2NUM(major(get_stat(self)->st_rdev));
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    return UINT2NUM(get_stat(self)->stx_rdev_major);
+#elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV) && defined(major)
+    return UINT2NUM(major(get_stat(self)->ST_(rdev)));
 #else
     return Qnil;
 #endif
@@ -817,8 +925,10 @@ rb_stat_rdev_major(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_rdev_minor(VALUE self)
 {
-#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV) && defined(minor)
-    return UINT2NUM(minor(get_stat(self)->st_rdev));
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+    return UINT2NUM(get_stat(self)->stx_rdev_minor);
+#elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV) && defined(minor)
+    return UINT2NUM(minor(get_stat(self)->ST_(rdev)));
 #else
     return Qnil;
 #endif
@@ -836,7 +946,7 @@ rb_stat_rdev_minor(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_size(VALUE self)
 {
-    return OFFT2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_size);
+    return OFFT2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(size));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -854,7 +964,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_blksize(VALUE self)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
-    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_blksize);
+    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(blksize));
 #else
     return Qnil;
 #endif
@@ -876,34 +986,44 @@ rb_stat_blocks(VALUE self)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
 # if SIZEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS > SIZEOF_LONG
-    return ULL2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_blocks);
+    return ULL2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(blocks));
 # else
-    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->st_blocks);
+    return ULONG2NUM(get_stat(self)->ST_(blocks));
 # endif
 #else
     return Qnil;
 #endif
 }
 
-static struct timespec
+static stat_timestamp
 stat_atimespec(const struct stat *st)
 {
-    struct timespec ts;
+    stat_timestamp ts;
     ts.tv_sec = st->st_atime;
 #if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_atim.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_atim.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMESPEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_atimespec.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_atimespec.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMENSEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = (long)st->st_atimensec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_atimensec;
 #else
-    ts.tv_nsec = 0;
+    ts.tv_nsec = 0
 #endif
     return ts;
 }
 
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+static stat_timestamp
+statx_atimespec(const rb_io_stat_data *st)
+{
+    return st->stx_atime;
+}
+#else
+# define statx_atimespec stat_atimespec
+#endif
+
 static VALUE
-stat_time(const struct timespec ts)
+stat_time(const stat_timestamp ts)
 {
     return rb_time_nano_new(ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
 }
@@ -914,17 +1034,17 @@ stat_atime(const struct stat *st)
     return stat_time(stat_atimespec(st));
 }
 
-static struct timespec
+static stat_timestamp
 stat_mtimespec(const struct stat *st)
 {
-    struct timespec ts;
+    stat_timestamp ts;
     ts.tv_sec = st->st_mtime;
 #if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIM)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_mtim.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_mtim.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMESPEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_mtimespec.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_mtimespec.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = (long)st->st_mtimensec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_mtimensec;
 #else
     ts.tv_nsec = 0;
 #endif
@@ -937,23 +1057,33 @@ stat_mtime(const struct stat *st)
     return stat_time(stat_mtimespec(st));
 }
 
-static struct timespec
+static stat_timestamp
 stat_ctimespec(const struct stat *st)
 {
-    struct timespec ts;
+    stat_timestamp ts;
     ts.tv_sec = st->st_ctime;
 #if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_CTIM)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_ctim.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_ctim.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_CTIMESPEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = st->st_ctimespec.tv_nsec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_ctimespec.tv_nsec;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_CTIMENSEC)
-    ts.tv_nsec = (long)st->st_ctimensec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (uint32_t)st->st_ctimensec;
 #else
     ts.tv_nsec = 0;
 #endif
     return ts;
 }
 
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+static stat_timestamp
+statx_ctimespec(const rb_io_stat_data *st)
+{
+    return st->stx_ctime;
+}
+#else
+# define statx_ctimespec stat_ctimespec
+#endif
+
 static VALUE
 stat_ctime(const struct stat *st)
 {
@@ -962,35 +1092,50 @@ stat_ctime(const struct stat *st)
 
 #define HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME
 #if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC)
-typedef struct stat statx_data;
 static VALUE
-stat_birthtime(const struct stat *st)
+statx_birthtime(const rb_io_stat_data *st)
 {
-    const struct timespec *ts = &st->st_birthtimespec;
+    const stat_timestamp *ts = &st->ST_(birthtimespec);
     return rb_time_nano_new(ts->tv_sec, ts->tv_nsec);
 }
+#elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STATX_STX_BTIME)
+static VALUE statx_birthtime(const rb_io_stat_data *st);
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
-typedef struct stat statx_data;
-# define stat_birthtime stat_ctime
+# define statx_birthtime stat_ctime
 #else
 # undef HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC) */
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     stat.atime   -> time
- *
- *  Returns the last access time for this file as an object of class
- *  Time.
- *
- *     File.stat("testfile").atime   #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
- *
+ *    atime -> new_time
+ *
+ * Returns a new Time object containing the access time
+ * of the object represented by +self+
+ * at the time +self+ was created;
+ * see {Snapshot}[rdoc-ref:File::Stat@Snapshot]:
+ *
+ *   filepath = 't.tmp'
+ *   File.write(filepath, 'foo')
+ *   file = File.new(filepath, 'w')
+ *   stat = File::Stat.new(filepath)
+ *   file.atime     # => 2026-03-31 16:26:39.5913207 -0500
+ *   stat.atime     # => 2026-03-31 16:26:39.5913207 -0500
+ *   File.write(filepath, 'bar')
+ *   file.atime     # => 2026-03-31 16:27:01.4981624 -0500  # Changed by access.
+ *   stat.atime     # => 2026-03-31 16:26:39.5913207 -0500  # Unchanged by access.
+ *   stat = File::Stat.new(filepath)
+ *   stat.atime     # => 2026-03-31 16:27:01.4981624 -0500  # New access time.
+ *   file.close
+ *   File.delete(filepath)
+ *
+ * See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_atime(VALUE self)
 {
-    return stat_atime(get_stat(self));
+    return stat_time(statx_atimespec(get_stat(self)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1006,7 +1151,7 @@ rb_stat_atime(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_mtime(VALUE self)
 {
-    return stat_mtime(get_stat(self));
+    return stat_time(statx_mtimespec(get_stat(self)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1026,36 +1171,34 @@ rb_stat_mtime(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_ctime(VALUE self)
 {
-    return stat_ctime(get_stat(self));
+    return stat_time(statx_ctimespec(get_stat(self)));
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     stat.birthtime  ->  time
- *
- *  Returns the birth time for <i>stat</i>.
- *
- *  If the platform doesn't have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.
- *
- *     File.write("testfile", "foo")
- *     sleep 10
- *     File.write("testfile", "bar")
- *     sleep 10
- *     File.chmod(0644, "testfile")
- *     sleep 10
- *     File.read("testfile")
- *     File.stat("testfile").birthtime   #=> 2014-02-24 11:19:17 +0900
- *     File.stat("testfile").mtime       #=> 2014-02-24 11:19:27 +0900
- *     File.stat("testfile").ctime       #=> 2014-02-24 11:19:37 +0900
- *     File.stat("testfile").atime       #=> 2014-02-24 11:19:47 +0900
- *
+ *    birthtime -> new_time
+ *
+ * Returns a new Time object containing the create time
+ * of the object represented by +self+
+ * at the time +self+ was created;
+ * see {Snapshot}[rdoc-ref:File::Stat@Snapshot]:
+ *
+ *   filename = 't.tmp'
+ *   stat = File::Stat.new(filename) # Raises Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory
+ *   File.write(filename, 'foo')
+ *   stat = File::Stat.new(filename)
+ *   stat.birthtime # => 2026-04-14 10:41:55.5146554 -0500
+ *   File.delete(filename)
+ *   stat.birthtime # => 2026-04-14 10:41:55.5146554 -0500
+ *
+ * See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_birthtime(VALUE self)
 {
-    return stat_birthtime(get_stat(self));
+    return statx_birthtime(get_stat(self));
 }
 #else
 # define rb_stat_birthtime rb_f_notimplement
@@ -1184,6 +1327,8 @@ stat_without_gvl(const char *path, struct stat *st)
 #if !defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC) && \
     defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STATX_STX_BTIME)
 
+# define STATX(path, st, mask) statx(AT_FDCWD, path, 0, mask, st)
+
 # ifndef HAVE_STATX
 #   ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_H
 #     include <syscall.h>
@@ -1201,18 +1346,18 @@ statx(int dirfd, const char *pathname, int flags,
 #   endif /* __linux__ */
 # endif /* HAVE_STATX */
 
-typedef struct no_gvl_statx_data {
+typedef struct no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data {
     struct statx *stx;
     int fd;
     const char *path;
     int flags;
     unsigned int mask;
-} no_gvl_statx_data;
+} no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data;
 
 static VALUE
 io_blocking_statx(void *data)
 {
-    no_gvl_statx_data *arg = data;
+    no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data *arg = data;
     return (VALUE)statx(arg->fd, arg->path, arg->flags, arg->mask, arg->stx);
 }
 
@@ -1223,23 +1368,34 @@ no_gvl_statx(void *data)
 }
 
 static int
-statx_without_gvl(const char *path, struct statx *stx, unsigned int mask)
+statx_without_gvl(const char *path, rb_io_stat_data *stx, unsigned int mask)
+{
+    no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data data = {stx, AT_FDCWD, path, 0, mask};
+
+    /* call statx(2) with pathname */
+    return IO_WITHOUT_GVL_INT(no_gvl_statx, &data);
+}
+
+static int
+lstatx_without_gvl(const char *path, rb_io_stat_data *stx, unsigned int mask)
 {
-    no_gvl_statx_data data = {stx, AT_FDCWD, path, 0, mask};
+    no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data data = {stx, AT_FDCWD, path, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, mask};
 
     /* call statx(2) with pathname */
     return IO_WITHOUT_GVL_INT(no_gvl_statx, &data);
 }
 
 static int
-fstatx_without_gvl(rb_io_t *fptr, struct statx *stx, unsigned int mask)
+fstatx_without_gvl(rb_io_t *fptr, rb_io_stat_data *stx, unsigned int mask)
 {
-    no_gvl_statx_data data = {stx, fptr->fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, mask};
+    no_gvl_rb_io_stat_data data = {stx, fptr->fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, mask};
 
     /* call statx(2) with fd */
     return (int)rb_io_blocking_region(fptr, io_blocking_statx, &data);
 }
 
+#define FSTATX(fd, st) statx(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, STATX_ALL, st)
+
 static int
 rb_statx(VALUE file, struct statx *stx, unsigned int mask)
 {
@@ -1249,6 +1405,7 @@ rb_statx(VALUE file, struct statx *stx, unsigned int mask)
     tmp = rb_check_convert_type_with_id(file, T_FILE, "IO", idTo_io);
     if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
         rb_io_t *fptr;
+
         GetOpenFile(tmp, fptr);
         result = fstatx_without_gvl(fptr, stx, mask);
         file = tmp;
@@ -1277,7 +1434,7 @@ statx_notimplement(const char *field_name)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-statx_birthtime(const struct statx *stx, VALUE fname)
+statx_birthtime(const rb_io_stat_data *stx)
 {
     if (!statx_has_birthtime(stx)) {
         /* birthtime is not supported on the filesystem */
@@ -1286,20 +1443,27 @@ statx_birthtime(const struct statx *stx, VALUE fname)
     return rb_time_nano_new((time_t)stx->stx_btime.tv_sec, stx->stx_btime.tv_nsec);
 }
 
-typedef struct statx statx_data;
-# define HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME
+#else
 
-#elif defined(HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME)
 # define statx_without_gvl(path, st, mask) stat_without_gvl(path, st)
 # define fstatx_without_gvl(fptr, st, mask) fstat_without_gvl(fptr, st)
-# define statx_birthtime(st, fname) stat_birthtime(st)
+# define lstatx_without_gvl(path, st, mask) lstat_without_gvl(path, st)
+# define rb_statx(file, stx, mask) rb_stat(file, stx)
+# define STATX(path, st, mask) STAT(path, st)
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME)
 # define statx_has_birthtime(st) 1
-# define rb_statx(file, st, mask) rb_stat(file, st)
 #else
 # define statx_has_birthtime(st) 0
+#endif
+
 #endif /* !defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC) && \
         defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STATX_STX_BTIME) */
 
+#ifndef FSTAT
+# define FSTAT(fd, st) fstat(fd, st)
+#endif
+
 static int
 rb_stat(VALUE file, struct stat *st)
 {
@@ -1336,14 +1500,14 @@ rb_stat(VALUE file, struct stat *st)
 static VALUE
 rb_file_s_stat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 {
-    struct stat st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     FilePathValue(fname);
     fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
-    if (stat_without_gvl(RSTRING_PTR(fname), &st) < 0) {
+    if (statx_without_gvl(RSTRING_PTR(fname), &st, STATX_ALL) < 0) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
     }
-    return rb_stat_new(&st);
+    return rb_statx_new(&st);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1365,13 +1529,13 @@ static VALUE
 rb_io_stat(VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr;
-    struct stat st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
-    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
+    if (fstatx_without_gvl(fptr, &st, STATX_ALL) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return rb_stat_new(&st);
+    return rb_statx_new(&st);
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
@@ -1411,14 +1575,14 @@ static VALUE
 rb_file_s_lstat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
-    struct stat st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     FilePathValue(fname);
     fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
-    if (lstat_without_gvl(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
+    if (lstatx_without_gvl(StringValueCStr(fname), &st, STATX_ALL) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
     }
-    return rb_stat_new(&st);
+    return rb_statx_new(&st);
 #else
     return rb_file_s_stat(klass, fname);
 #endif
@@ -1443,16 +1607,16 @@ rb_file_lstat(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
     rb_io_t *fptr;
-    struct stat st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
     VALUE path;
 
     GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
     if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
     path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
-    if (lstat_without_gvl(RSTRING_PTR(path), &st) == -1) {
+    if (lstatx_without_gvl(RSTRING_PTR(path), &st, STATX_ALL) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return rb_stat_new(&st);
+    return rb_statx_new(&st);
 #else
     return rb_io_stat(obj);
 #endif
@@ -2063,7 +2227,7 @@ rb_file_size_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
  *    File.owned?(file_name)   -> true or false
  *
  * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file exists and the
- * effective used id of the calling process is the owner of
+ * effective user id of the calling process is the owner of
  * the file.
  *
  * _file_name_ can be an IO object.
@@ -2237,36 +2401,36 @@ rb_file_s_size(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_file_ftype(const struct stat *st)
+rb_file_ftype(mode_t mode)
 {
     const char *t;
 
-    if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode)) {
+    if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
         t = "file";
     }
-    else if (S_ISDIR(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
         t = "directory";
     }
-    else if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISCHR(mode)) {
         t = "characterSpecial";
     }
 #ifdef S_ISBLK
-    else if (S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISBLK(mode)) {
         t = "blockSpecial";
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISFIFO
-    else if (S_ISFIFO(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISFIFO(mode)) {
         t = "fifo";
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISLNK
-    else if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
         t = "link";
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISSOCK
-    else if (S_ISSOCK(st->st_mode)) {
+    else if (S_ISSOCK(mode)) {
         t = "socket";
     }
 #endif
@@ -2274,7 +2438,7 @@ rb_file_ftype(const struct stat *st)
         t = "unknown";
     }
 
-    return rb_usascii_str_new2(t);
+    return rb_fstring_cstr(t);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2303,19 +2467,30 @@ rb_file_s_ftype(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
         rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
     }
 
-    return rb_file_ftype(&st);
+    return rb_file_ftype(st.st_mode);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     File.atime(file_name)  ->  time
+ *    File.atime(object) -> new_time
  *
- *  Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object.
+ * Returns a new Time object containing the time of the most recent
+ * access (read or write) to the object,
+ * which may be a string filepath or dirpath, or a File or Dir object:
  *
- *  _file_name_ can be an IO object.
+ *   filepath = 't.tmp'
+ *   File.exist?(filepath)             # => false
+ *   File.atime(filepath)              # Raises Errno::ENOENT.
+ *   File.write(filepath, 'foo')
+ *   File.atime(filepath)              # => 2026-03-31 16:39:37.9290772 -0500
+ *   File.write(filepath, 'bar')
+ *   File.atime(filepath)              # => 2026-03-31 16:39:57.7710876 -0500
  *
- *     File.atime("testfile")   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003
+ *   File.atime('.')                   # => 2026-03-31 16:47:49.0970483 -0500
+ *   File.atime(File.new('README.md')) # => 2026-03-31 11:15:27.8215934 -0500
+ *   File.atime(Dir.new('.'))          # => 2026-03-31 12:39:45.5910591 -0500
  *
+ * See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2328,18 +2503,27 @@ rb_file_s_atime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
         FilePathValue(fname);
         rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
     }
-    return stat_atime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_atimespec(&st));
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     file.atime    -> time
- *
- *  Returns the last access time (a Time object) for <i>file</i>, or
- *  epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed.
- *
- *     File.new("testfile").atime   #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
- *
+ *    atime -> new_time
+ *
+ * Returns a new Time object containing the time of the most recent
+ * access (read or write) to the file represented by +self+:
+ *
+ *   filepath = 't.tmp'
+ *   file = File.new(filepath, 'a+')
+ *   file.atime # => 2026-03-31 17:11:27.7285397 -0500
+ *   file.write('foo')
+ *   file.atime # => 2026-03-31 17:11:27.7285397 -0500  # Unchanged; not yet written.
+ *   file.flush
+ *   file.atime # => 2026-03-31 17:12:11.3408054 -0500  # Changed; now written.
+ *   file.close
+ *   File.delete(filename)
+ *
+ * See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2352,7 +2536,7 @@ rb_file_atime(VALUE obj)
     if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return stat_atime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_atimespec(&st));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2377,7 +2561,7 @@ rb_file_s_mtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
         FilePathValue(fname);
         rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
     }
-    return stat_mtime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_mtimespec(&st));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2400,7 +2584,7 @@ rb_file_mtime(VALUE obj)
     if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return stat_mtime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_mtimespec(&st));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2429,7 +2613,7 @@ rb_file_s_ctime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
         FilePathValue(fname);
         rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
     }
-    return stat_ctime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_ctimespec(&st));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2455,35 +2639,40 @@ rb_file_ctime(VALUE obj)
     if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return stat_ctime(&st);
+    return stat_time(stat_ctimespec(&st));
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     File.birthtime(file_name)  -> time
- *
- *  Returns the birth time for the named file.
+ *     File.birthtime(entry_path) -> new_time
  *
- *  _file_name_ can be an IO object.
- *
- *     File.birthtime("testfile")   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003
+ * Returns a new Time object containing the create time
+ * of the entry at the given +path+:
  *
- *  If the platform doesn't have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.
+ *   path = 't.tmp'
+ *   File.birthtime(path) # Raises Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory
+ *   File.write(path, 'foo')
+ *   File.birthtime(path) # => 2026-04-14 11:10:43.2891695 -0500
+ *   File.write(path, 'bar')
+ *   File.birthtime(path) # => 2026-04-14 11:10:43.2891695 -0500
+ *   File.delete(path)
+ *   File.birthtime(path) # Raises Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory
  *
+ * See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_file_s_birthtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 {
-    statx_data st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     if (rb_statx(fname, &st, STATX_BTIME) < 0) {
         int e = errno;
         FilePathValue(fname);
         rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
     }
-    return statx_birthtime(&st, fname);
+    return statx_birthtime(&st);
 }
 #else
 # define rb_file_s_birthtime rb_f_notimplement
@@ -2492,27 +2681,34 @@ rb_file_s_birthtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 #if defined(HAVE_STAT_BIRTHTIME)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     file.birthtime  ->  time
- *
- *  Returns the birth time for <i>file</i>.
+ *    birthtime -> new_time
  *
- *     File.new("testfile").birthtime   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
+ *  Returns a new Time object containing the create time for +self+:
  *
- *  If the platform doesn't have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.
+ *    filepath = 't.tmp'
+ *    File.write(filepath, 'foo')
+ *    file = File.new(filepath)
+ *    file.birthtime # => 2026-04-14 15:53:45.002656 -0500
+ *    File.write(filepath, 'bar')
+ *    file.birthtime # => 2026-04-14 15:53:45.002656 -0500
+ *    file.close
+ *    File.delete(filepath)
+ *    file.birthtime # Raises IOError: closed stream
  *
+ *  See {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md].
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_file_birthtime(VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr;
-    statx_data st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
     if (fstatx_without_gvl(fptr, &st, STATX_BTIME) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
-    return statx_birthtime(&st, fptr->pathv);
+    return statx_birthtime(&st);
 }
 #else
 # define rb_file_birthtime rb_f_notimplement
@@ -2625,11 +2821,11 @@ io_blocking_fchmod(void *ptr)
 }
 
 static int
-rb_fchmod(int fd, mode_t mode)
+rb_fchmod(struct rb_io* io, mode_t mode)
 {
     (void)rb_chmod; /* suppress unused-function warning when HAVE_FCHMOD */
-    struct nogvl_fchmod_data data = {.fd = fd, .mode = mode};
-    return (int)rb_thread_io_blocking_region(io_blocking_fchmod, &data, fd);
+    struct nogvl_fchmod_data data = {.fd = io->fd, .mode = mode};
+    return (int)rb_thread_io_blocking_region(io, io_blocking_fchmod, &data);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2659,7 +2855,7 @@ rb_file_chmod(VALUE obj, VALUE vmode)
 
     GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
 #ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
-    if (rb_fchmod(fptr->fd, mode) == -1) {
+    if (rb_fchmod(fptr, mode) == -1) {
         if (HAVE_FCHMOD || errno != ENOSYS)
             rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     }
@@ -3028,7 +3224,7 @@ static int
 utime_internal(const char *path, void *arg)
 {
     struct utime_args *v = arg;
-    const struct timespec *tsp = v->tsp;
+    const stat_timestamp *tsp = v->tsp;
     struct utimbuf utbuf, *utp = NULL;
     if (tsp) {
         utbuf.actime = tsp[0].tv_sec;
@@ -3287,7 +3483,7 @@ unlink_internal(const char *path, void *arg)
  *  Since the underlying implementation relies on the
  *  <code>unlink(2)</code> system call, the type of
  *  exception raised depends on its error type (see
- *  https://linux.die.net/man/2/unlink) and has the form of
+ *  https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html) and has the form of
  *  e.g. Errno::ENOENT.
  *
  *  See also Dir::rmdir.
@@ -3433,8 +3629,10 @@ static const char file_alt_separator[] = {FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR, '\0'};
 # define isADS(x) 0
 #endif
 
-#define Next(p, e, enc) ((p) + rb_enc_mbclen((p), (e), (enc)))
-#define Inc(p, e, enc) ((p) = Next((p), (e), (enc)))
+#define enc_mbclen_needed(enc) (!rb_str_encindex_fastpath(rb_enc_to_index(enc)))
+
+#define Next(p, e, mb_enc, enc) ((p) + ((mb_enc) ? rb_enc_mbclen((p), (e), (enc)) : 1))
+#define Inc(p, e, mb_enc, enc) ((p) = Next((p), (e), (mb_enc), (enc)))
 
 #if defined(DOSISH_UNC)
 #define has_unc(buf) (isdirsep((buf)[0]) && isdirsep((buf)[1]))
@@ -3498,7 +3696,7 @@ not_same_drive(VALUE path, int drive)
 #endif /* DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER */
 
 static inline char *
-skiproot(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+skiproot(const char *path, const char *end)
 {
 #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
     if (path + 2 <= end && has_drive_letter(path)) path += 2;
@@ -3507,57 +3705,76 @@ skiproot(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
     return (char *)path;
 }
 
-#define nextdirsep rb_enc_path_next
-char *
-rb_enc_path_next(const char *s, const char *e, rb_encoding *enc)
+static inline char *
+enc_path_next(const char *s, const char *e, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     while (s < e && !isdirsep(*s)) {
-        Inc(s, e, enc);
+        Inc(s, e, mb_enc, enc);
     }
     return (char *)s;
 }
 
+#define nextdirsep rb_enc_path_next
+char *
+rb_enc_path_next(const char *s, const char *e, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return enc_path_next(s, e, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+}
+
 #if defined(DOSISH_UNC) || defined(DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER)
-#define skipprefix rb_enc_path_skip_prefix
+#define skipprefix enc_path_skip_prefix
 #else
-#define skipprefix(path, end, enc) (path)
+#define skipprefix(path, end, mb_enc, enc) (path)
 #endif
-char *
-rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+static inline char *
+enc_path_skip_prefix(const char *path, const char *end, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
 #if defined(DOSISH_UNC) || defined(DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER)
 #ifdef DOSISH_UNC
     if (path + 2 <= end && isdirsep(path[0]) && isdirsep(path[1])) {
         path += 2;
         while (path < end && isdirsep(*path)) path++;
-        if ((path = rb_enc_path_next(path, end, enc)) < end && path[0] && path[1] && !isdirsep(path[1]))
-            path = rb_enc_path_next(path + 1, end, enc);
+        if ((path = enc_path_next(path, end, mb_enc, enc)) < end &&
+            path + 2 <= end && !isdirsep(path[1])) {
+            path = enc_path_next(path + 1, end, mb_enc, enc);
+        }
         return (char *)path;
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
-    if (has_drive_letter(path))
+    if (path + 2 <= end && has_drive_letter(path))
         return (char *)(path + 2);
 #endif
 #endif /* defined(DOSISH_UNC) || defined(DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER) */
     return (char *)path;
 }
 
+char *
+rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return enc_path_skip_prefix(path, end, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+}
+
 static inline char *
 skipprefixroot(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
 #if defined(DOSISH_UNC) || defined(DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER)
-    char *p = skipprefix(path, end, enc);
-    while (isdirsep(*p)) p++;
+    char *p = skipprefix(path, end, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+    while (p < end && isdirsep(*p)) p++;
     return p;
 #else
-    return skiproot(path, end, enc);
+    return skiproot(path, end);
 #endif
 }
 
-#define strrdirsep rb_enc_path_last_separator
 char *
-rb_enc_path_last_separator(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+rb_enc_path_skip_prefix_root(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return skipprefixroot(path, end, enc);
+}
+
+static char *
+enc_path_last_separator(const char *path, const char *end, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     char *last = NULL;
     while (path < end) {
@@ -3568,14 +3785,44 @@ rb_enc_path_last_separator(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
             last = (char *)tmp;
         }
         else {
-            Inc(path, end, enc);
+            Inc(path, end, mb_enc, enc);
         }
     }
     return last;
 }
+char *
+rb_enc_path_last_separator(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return enc_path_last_separator(path, end, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+}
+
+static inline char *
+strrdirsep(const char *path, const char *end, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(mb_enc)) {
+        return enc_path_last_separator(path, end, mb_enc, enc);
+    }
+
+    const char *cursor = end - 1;
+
+    while (isdirsep(cursor[0])) {
+        cursor--;
+    }
+
+    while (cursor >= path) {
+        if (isdirsep(cursor[0])) {
+            while (cursor > path && isdirsep(cursor[-1])) {
+                cursor--;
+            }
+            return (char *)cursor;
+        }
+        cursor--;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
 
 static char *
-chompdirsep(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
+chompdirsep(const char *path, const char *end, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     while (path < end) {
         if (isdirsep(*path)) {
@@ -3584,7 +3831,7 @@ chompdirsep(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
             if (path >= end) return (char *)last;
         }
         else {
-            Inc(path, end, enc);
+            Inc(path, end, mb_enc, enc);
         }
     }
     return (char *)path;
@@ -3594,13 +3841,13 @@ char *
 rb_enc_path_end(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     if (path < end && isdirsep(*path)) path++;
-    return chompdirsep(path, end, enc);
+    return chompdirsep(path, end, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
 }
 
 static rb_encoding *
 fs_enc_check(VALUE path1, VALUE path2)
 {
-    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_check(path1, path2);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_check_str(path1, path2);
     int encidx = rb_enc_to_index(enc);
     if (encidx == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII) {
         encidx = rb_enc_get_index(path1);
@@ -3615,6 +3862,7 @@ fs_enc_check(VALUE path1, VALUE path2)
 static char *
 ntfs_tail(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
+    bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
     while (path < end && *path == '.') path++;
     while (path < end && !isADS(*path)) {
         if (istrailinggarbage(*path)) {
@@ -3629,7 +3877,7 @@ ntfs_tail(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc)
             if (isADS(*path)) path++;
         }
         else {
-            Inc(path, end, enc);
+            Inc(path, end, mb_enc, enc);
         }
     }
     return (char *)path;
@@ -3677,10 +3925,6 @@ static VALUE
 copy_home_path(VALUE result, const char *dir)
 {
     char *buf;
-#if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-    char *p, *bend;
-    rb_encoding *enc;
-#endif
     long dirlen;
     int encidx;
 
@@ -3689,10 +3933,11 @@ copy_home_path(VALUE result, const char *dir)
     memcpy(buf = RSTRING_PTR(result), dir, dirlen);
     encidx = rb_filesystem_encindex();
     rb_enc_associate_index(result, encidx);
-#if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-    enc = rb_enc_from_index(encidx);
-    for (bend = (p = buf) + dirlen; p < bend; Inc(p, bend, enc)) {
-        if (*p == '\\') {
+#if defined FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_from_index(encidx);
+    bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
+    for (char *p = buf, *bend = p + dirlen; p < bend; Inc(p, bend, mb_enc, enc)) {
+        if (*p == FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR) {
             *p = '/';
         }
     }
@@ -3845,16 +4090,21 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
 
     s = StringValuePtr(fname);
     fend = s + RSTRING_LEN(fname);
-    enc = rb_enc_get(fname);
+    enc = rb_str_enc_get(fname);
+    bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
+    if (!mb_enc && RTEST(dname)) {
+        mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(rb_str_enc_get(dname));
+    }
+
     BUFINIT();
 
-    if (s[0] == '~' && abs_mode == 0) {      /* execute only if NOT absolute_path() */
+    if (s < fend && s[0] == '~' && abs_mode == 0) {      /* execute only if NOT absolute_path() */
         long userlen = 0;
-        if (isdirsep(s[1]) || s[1] == '\0') {
+        if (s + 1 == fend || isdirsep(s[1])) {
             buf = 0;
             b = 0;
             rb_str_set_len(result, 0);
-            if (*++s) ++s;
+            if (++s < fend) ++s;
             rb_default_home_dir(result);
         }
         else {
@@ -3884,8 +4134,8 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
     }
 #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
     /* skip drive letter */
-    else if (has_drive_letter(s)) {
-        if (isdirsep(s[2])) {
+    else if (s + 1 < fend && has_drive_letter(s)) {
+        if (s + 2 < fend && isdirsep(s[2])) {
             /* specified drive letter, and full path */
             /* skip drive letter */
             BUFCHECK(bdiff + 2 >= buflen);
@@ -3914,12 +4164,12 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
                 rb_enc_associate(result, enc = fs_enc_check(result, fname));
                 p = pend;
             }
-            p = chompdirsep(skiproot(buf, p, enc), p, enc);
+            p = chompdirsep(skiproot(buf, p), p, mb_enc, enc);
             s += 2;
         }
     }
 #endif /* DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER */
-    else if (!rb_is_absolute_path(s)) {
+    else if (s == fend || !rb_is_absolute_path(s)) {
         if (!NIL_P(dname)) {
             rb_file_expand_path_internal(dname, Qnil, abs_mode, long_name, result);
             rb_enc_associate(result, fs_enc_check(result, fname));
@@ -3931,20 +4181,20 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
             BUFINIT();
             p = e;
         }
-#if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-        if (isdirsep(*s)) {
+#if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC
+        if (s < fend && isdirsep(*s)) {
             /* specified full path, but not drive letter nor UNC */
             /* we need to get the drive letter or UNC share name */
-            p = skipprefix(buf, p, enc);
+            p = skipprefix(buf, p, mb_enc, enc);
         }
         else
-#endif /* defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__ */
-            p = chompdirsep(skiproot(buf, p, enc), p, enc);
+#endif /* defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC */
+            p = chompdirsep(skiproot(buf, p), p, mb_enc, enc);
     }
     else {
         size_t len;
         b = s;
-        do s++; while (isdirsep(*s));
+        do s++; while (s < fend && isdirsep(*s));
         len = s - b;
         p = buf + len;
         BUFCHECK(bdiff >= buflen);
@@ -3963,23 +4213,24 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
     rb_str_set_len(result, p-buf+1);
     BUFCHECK(bdiff + 1 >= buflen);
     p[1] = 0;
-    root = skipprefix(buf, p+1, enc);
+    root = skipprefix(buf, p+1, mb_enc, enc);
 
     b = s;
-    while (*s) {
+    while (s < fend) {
         switch (*s) {
           case '.':
             if (b == s++) {	/* beginning of path element */
-                switch (*s) {
-                  case '\0':
+                if (s == fend) {
                     b = s;
                     break;
+                }
+                switch (*s) {
                   case '.':
-                    if (*(s+1) == '\0' || isdirsep(*(s+1))) {
+                    if (s+1 == fend || isdirsep(*(s+1))) {
                         /* We must go back to the parent */
                         char *n;
                         *p = '\0';
-                        if (!(n = strrdirsep(root, p, enc))) {
+                        if (!(n = strrdirsep(root, p, mb_enc, enc))) {
                             *p = '/';
                         }
                         else {
@@ -3989,13 +4240,13 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
                     }
 #if USE_NTFS
                     else {
-                        do ++s; while (istrailinggarbage(*s));
+                        do ++s; while (s < fend && istrailinggarbage(*s));
                     }
 #endif /* USE_NTFS */
                     break;
                   case '/':
-#if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-                  case '\\':
+#if defined FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR
+                  case FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR:
 #endif
                     b = ++s;
                     break;
@@ -4019,8 +4270,8 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
 #endif /* USE_NTFS */
             break;
           case '/':
-#if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-          case '\\':
+#if defined FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR
+          case FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR:
 #endif
             if (s > b) {
                 WITH_ROOTDIFF(BUFCOPY(b, s-b));
@@ -4042,7 +4293,7 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
                 }
             }
 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
-            Inc(s, fend, enc);
+            Inc(s, fend, mb_enc, enc);
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -4070,7 +4321,7 @@ rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE dname, int abs_mode, int long_na
         BUFCOPY(b, s-b);
         rb_str_set_len(result, p-buf);
     }
-    if (p == skiproot(buf, p + !!*p, enc) - 1) p++;
+    if (p == skiproot(buf, p + !!*p) - 1) p++;
 
 #if USE_NTFS
     *p = '\0';
@@ -4228,31 +4479,43 @@ rb_file_s_expand_path(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 }
 
 /*
+ *  :markup: markdown
+ *
  *  call-seq:
- *     File.expand_path(file_name [, dir_string] )  ->  abs_file_name
+ *    File.expand_path(path, dirpath = '.') -> absolute_path
  *
- *  Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are
- *  referenced from the current working directory of the process unless
- *  +dir_string+ is given, in which case it will be used as the
- *  starting point. The given pathname may start with a
- *  ``<code>~</code>'', which expands to the process owner's home
- *  directory (the environment variable +HOME+ must be set
- *  correctly). ``<code>~</code><i>user</i>'' expands to the named
- *  user's home directory.
+ *  Returns the string absolute path for the given `path`.
+ *
+ *  Evaluates a relative path with respect to the directory given by `dirpath`:
+ *
+ *  ```ruby
+ *  Dir.chdir('/snap')
+ *  # Default dirpath.
+ *  File.expand_path('README')                  # => "/snap/README"
+ *  File.expand_path('bin')                     # => "/snap/bin"
+ *  File.expand_path('bin/../var')              # => "/snap/var"  # Cleaned.
+ *  # Other dirpath.
+ *  File.expand_path('../zip', '/usr/bin/ruby') # => "/usr/bin/zip"
+ *  Dir.chdir('/usr/bin')
+ *  File.expand_path('../../snap', __FILE__)    # => "/usr/snap"
+ *  ```
  *
- *     File.expand_path("~oracle/bin")           #=> "/home/oracle/bin"
+ *  Evaluates an absolute path without respect to `dirpath`:
  *
- *  A simple example of using +dir_string+ is as follows.
- *     File.expand_path("ruby", "/usr/bin")      #=> "/usr/bin/ruby"
+ *  ```ruby
+ *  File.expand_path('/snap')           # => "/snap"
+ *  File.expand_path('/snap', 'nosuch') # => "/snap"
+ *  File.expand_path('/snap/../snap')   # => "/snap"  # Cleaned.
+ *  ```
  *
- *  A more complex example which also resolves parent directory is as follows.
- *  Suppose we are in bin/mygem and want the absolute path of lib/mygem.rb.
+ *  More examples:
  *
- *     File.expand_path("../../lib/mygem.rb", __FILE__)
- *     #=> ".../path/to/project/lib/mygem.rb"
+ *  ```
+ *  Dir.chdir('/usr/bin')
+ *  File.expand_path('../../snap', __FILE__) # => "/usr/snap"
+ *  File.expand_path('../../snap')           # => "/snap"
+ *  ```
  *
- *  So first it resolves the parent of __FILE__, that is bin/, then go to the
- *  parent, the root of the project and appends +lib/mygem.rb+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4340,9 +4603,10 @@ realpath_rec(long *prefixlenp, VALUE *resolvedp, const char *unresolved, VALUE f
         }
         else if (testnamelen == 2 && testname[0] == '.' && testname[1] == '.') {
             if (*prefixlenp < RSTRING_LEN(*resolvedp)) {
+                bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
                 const char *resolved_str = RSTRING_PTR(*resolvedp);
                 const char *resolved_names = resolved_str + *prefixlenp;
-                const char *lastsep = strrdirsep(resolved_names, resolved_str + RSTRING_LEN(*resolvedp), enc);
+                const char *lastsep = strrdirsep(resolved_names, resolved_str + RSTRING_LEN(*resolvedp), mb_enc, enc);
                 long len = lastsep ? lastsep - resolved_names : 0;
                 rb_str_resize(*resolvedp, *prefixlenp + len);
             }
@@ -4482,7 +4746,8 @@ rb_check_realpath_emulate(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
   root_found:
     RSTRING_GETMEM(resolved, prefixptr, prefixlen);
     pend = prefixptr + prefixlen;
-    ptr = chompdirsep(prefixptr, pend, enc);
+    bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
+    ptr = chompdirsep(prefixptr, pend, mb_enc, enc);
     if (ptr < pend) {
         prefixlen = ++ptr - prefixptr;
         rb_str_set_len(resolved, prefixlen);
@@ -4492,7 +4757,7 @@ rb_check_realpath_emulate(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
         if (*prefixptr == FILE_ALT_SEPARATOR) {
             *prefixptr = '/';
         }
-        Inc(prefixptr, pend, enc);
+        Inc(prefixptr, pend, mb_enc, enc);
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -4528,7 +4793,7 @@ rb_check_realpath_emulate(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
     return resolved;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_file_join(VALUE ary);
+static VALUE rb_file_join(long argc, VALUE *args);
 
 #ifndef HAVE_REALPATH
 static VALUE
@@ -4569,17 +4834,22 @@ rb_check_realpath_internal(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
 
     unresolved_path = rb_str_dup_frozen(path);
     if (*RSTRING_PTR(unresolved_path) != '/' && !NIL_P(basedir)) {
-        unresolved_path = rb_file_join(rb_assoc_new(basedir, unresolved_path));
+        VALUE paths[2] = {basedir, unresolved_path};
+        unresolved_path = rb_file_join(2, paths);
     }
     if (origenc) unresolved_path = TO_OSPATH(unresolved_path);
 
     if ((resolved_ptr = realpath(RSTRING_PTR(unresolved_path), resolved_buffer)) == NULL) {
-        /* glibc realpath(3) does not allow /path/to/file.rb/../other_file.rb,
+        /*
+           wasi-libc 22 and later support realpath(3) but return ENOTSUP
+           when the underlying host syscall returns it.
+           glibc realpath(3) does not allow /path/to/file.rb/../other_file.rb,
            returning ENOTDIR in that case.
            glibc realpath(3) can also return ENOENT for paths that exist,
            such as /dev/fd/5.
            Fallback to the emulated approach in either of those cases. */
-        if (errno == ENOTDIR ||
+        if (errno == ENOTSUP ||
+            errno == ENOTDIR ||
             (errno == ENOENT && rb_file_exist_p(0, unresolved_path))) {
             return rb_check_realpath_emulate(basedir, path, origenc, mode);
 
@@ -4594,7 +4864,7 @@ rb_check_realpath_internal(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
     free(resolved_ptr);
 # endif
 
-# if !defined(__LINUX__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
+# if !defined(__linux__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
     /* As `resolved` is a String in the filesystem encoding, no
      * conversion is needed */
     struct stat st;
@@ -4604,7 +4874,7 @@ rb_check_realpath_internal(VALUE basedir, VALUE path, rb_encoding *origenc, enum
         }
         rb_sys_fail_path(unresolved_path);
     }
-# endif /* !defined(__LINUX__) && !defined(__APPLE__) */
+# endif /* !defined(__linux__) && !defined(__APPLE__) */
 
     if (origenc && origenc != rb_enc_get(resolved)) {
         if (!rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(resolved)) {
@@ -4731,23 +5001,29 @@ rmext(const char *p, long l0, long l1, const char *e, long l2, rb_encoding *enc)
     return 0;
 }
 
-const char *
-ruby_enc_find_basename(const char *name, long *baselen, long *alllen, rb_encoding *enc)
+static inline const char *
+enc_find_basename(const char *name, long *baselen, long *alllen, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     const char *p, *q, *e, *end;
-#if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC
-    const char *root;
-#endif
     long f = 0, n = -1;
 
-    end = name + (alllen ? (size_t)*alllen : strlen(name));
-    name = skipprefix(name, end, enc);
+    long len = (alllen ? (size_t)*alllen : strlen(name));
+
+    if (len <= 0) {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    end = name + len;
+    name = skipprefix(name, end, mb_enc, enc);
 #if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC
-    root = name;
+    const char *root = name;
 #endif
-    while (isdirsep(*name))
+
+    while (name < end && isdirsep(*name)) {
         name++;
-    if (!*name) {
+    }
+
+    if (name == end) {
         p = name - 1;
         f = 1;
 #if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC
@@ -4768,91 +5044,127 @@ ruby_enc_find_basename(const char *name, long *baselen, long *alllen, rb_encodin
 #endif /* defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC */
     }
     else {
-        if (!(p = strrdirsep(name, end, enc))) {
+        p = strrdirsep(name, end, mb_enc, enc);
+        if (!p) {
             p = name;
         }
         else {
-            while (isdirsep(*p)) p++; /* skip last / */
+            while (isdirsep(*p)) {
+                p++; /* skip last / */
+            }
         }
 #if USE_NTFS
         n = ntfs_tail(p, end, enc) - p;
 #else
-        n = chompdirsep(p, end, enc) - p;
+        n = chompdirsep(p, end, mb_enc, enc) - p;
 #endif
         for (q = p; q - p < n && *q == '.'; q++);
-        for (e = 0; q - p < n; Inc(q, end, enc)) {
+        for (e = 0; q - p < n; Inc(q, end, mb_enc, enc)) {
             if (*q == '.') e = q;
         }
-        if (e) f = e - p;
-        else f = n;
+        if (e) {
+            f = e - p;
+        }
+        else {
+            f = n;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (baselen)
+    if (baselen) {
         *baselen = f;
-    if (alllen)
+    }
+    if (alllen) {
         *alllen = n;
+    }
     return p;
 }
 
+const char *
+ruby_enc_find_basename(const char *name, long *baselen, long *alllen, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return enc_find_basename(name, baselen, alllen, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     File.basename(file_name [, suffix] )  ->  base_name
+ *    File.basename(path, suffix = '') -> new_string
  *
- *  Returns the last component of the filename given in
- *  <i>file_name</i> (after first stripping trailing separators),
- *  which can be formed using both File::SEPARATOR and
- *  File::ALT_SEPARATOR as the separator when File::ALT_SEPARATOR is
- *  not <code>nil</code>. If <i>suffix</i> is given and present at the
- *  end of <i>file_name</i>, it is removed. If <i>suffix</i> is ".*",
- *  any extension will be removed.
+ *  Returns a new string containing all or part of the last entry of the given +path+.
+ *  Entries are delimited by the value of constant File::SEPARATOR
+ *  and, if non-nil, the value of constant File::ALT_SEPARATOR.
+ *
+ *  When +suffix+ is the empty string <tt>''</tt>,
+ *  returns all of the last entry:
+ *
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar/baz/bat.txt') # => "bat.txt"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar/baz')         # => "baz"
+ *
+ *    File::SEPARATOR                      # => "/"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt////')     # => "bar.txt"
+ *    File::ALT_SEPARATOR                  # => "\\"  # On Windows.
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt//\\\\//') # => "bar.txt"
+ *
+ *  When +suffix+ is <tt>'.*'</tt>,
+ *  the last {filename extension}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension],
+ *  if any, is removed:
+ *
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt', '.*')     # => "bar"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt.old', '.*') # => "bar.txt"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar', '.*')         # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  When +suffix+ is any string other than <tt>''</tt> or <tt>'.*'</tt>,
+ *  the matching trailing substring, if any, is removed:
+ *
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt', '.txt') # => "bar"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt', 'txt')  # => "bar."
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt', '*')    # => "bar.txt"
+ *    File.basename('foo/bar.txt', '.')    # => "bar.txt"
  *
- *     File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb")          #=> "ruby.rb"
- *     File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb")   #=> "ruby"
- *     File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".*")    #=> "ruby"
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_file_s_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 {
-    VALUE fname, fext, basename;
-    const char *name, *p;
-    long f, n;
+    VALUE fname, fext = Qnil;
+    const char *name, *p, *fp = 0;
+    long f = 0, n;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 
-    fext = Qnil;
-    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2) == 2) {
+    argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    fname = argv[0];
+    CheckPath(fname, name);
+    if (argc == 2) {
         fext = argv[1];
-        StringValue(fext);
-        enc = check_path_encoding(fext);
+        fp = StringValueCStr(fext);
+        check_path_encoding(fext);
     }
-    fname = argv[0];
-    FilePathStringValue(fname);
     if (NIL_P(fext) || !(enc = rb_enc_compatible(fname, fext))) {
-        enc = rb_enc_get(fname);
-        fext = Qnil;
+        enc = rb_str_enc_get(fname);
     }
-    if ((n = RSTRING_LEN(fname)) == 0 || !*(name = RSTRING_PTR(fname)))
-        return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
 
-    p = ruby_enc_find_basename(name, &f, &n, enc);
+    n = RSTRING_LEN(fname);
+    if (n <= 0 || !*name) {
+        return rb_enc_str_new(0, 0, enc);
+    }
+
+    bool mb_enc = enc_mbclen_needed(enc);
+    p = enc_find_basename(name, &f, &n, mb_enc, enc);
     if (n >= 0) {
-        if (NIL_P(fext)) {
+        if (!fp) {
             f = n;
         }
         else {
-            const char *fp;
-            fp = StringValueCStr(fext);
             if (!(f = rmext(p, f, n, fp, RSTRING_LEN(fext), enc))) {
                 f = n;
             }
             RB_GC_GUARD(fext);
         }
-        if (f == RSTRING_LEN(fname)) return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
+        if (f == RSTRING_LEN(fname)) {
+            return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
+        }
     }
 
-    basename = rb_str_new(p, f);
-    rb_enc_copy(basename, fname);
-    return basename;
+    return rb_enc_str_new(p, f, enc);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_file_dirname_n(VALUE fname, int n);
@@ -4897,19 +5209,18 @@ rb_file_dirname_n(VALUE fname, int n)
 {
     const char *name, *root, *p, *end;
     VALUE dirname;
-    rb_encoding *enc;
-    VALUE sepsv = 0;
-    const char **seps;
 
     if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative level: %d", n);
-    FilePathStringValue(fname);
-    name = StringValueCStr(fname);
+    CheckPath(fname, name);
     end = name + RSTRING_LEN(fname);
-    enc = rb_enc_get(fname);
-    root = skiproot(name, end, enc);
+
+    bool mb_enc = !rb_str_enc_fastpath(fname);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_str_enc_get(fname);
+
+    root = skiproot(name, end);
 #ifdef DOSISH_UNC
     if (root > name + 1 && isdirsep(*name))
-        root = skipprefix(name = root - 2, end, enc);
+        root = skipprefix(name = root - 2, end, mb_enc, enc);
 #else
     if (root > name + 1)
         name = root - 1;
@@ -4918,72 +5229,41 @@ rb_file_dirname_n(VALUE fname, int n)
         p = root;
     }
     else {
-        int i;
-        switch (n) {
-          case 0:
-            p = end;
-            break;
-          case 1:
-            if (!(p = strrdirsep(root, end, enc))) p = root;
-            break;
-          default:
-            seps = ALLOCV_N(const char *, sepsv, n);
-            for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) seps[i] = root;
-            i = 0;
-            for (p = root; p < end; ) {
-                if (isdirsep(*p)) {
-                    const char *tmp = p++;
-                    while (p < end && isdirsep(*p)) p++;
-                    if (p >= end) break;
-                    seps[i++] = tmp;
-                    if (i == n) i = 0;
-                }
-                else {
-                    Inc(p, end, enc);
-                }
+        p = end;
+        while (n) {
+            if (!(p = strrdirsep(root, p, mb_enc, enc))) {
+                p = root;
+                break;
             }
-            p = seps[i];
-            ALLOCV_END(sepsv);
-            break;
+            n--;
         }
     }
-    if (p == name)
-        return rb_usascii_str_new2(".");
+
+    if (p == name) {
+        return rb_enc_str_new(".", 1, enc);
+    }
 #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
-    if (has_drive_letter(name) && isdirsep(*(name + 2))) {
-        const char *top = skiproot(name + 2, end, enc);
-        dirname = rb_str_new(name, 3);
+    if (name + 3 < end && has_drive_letter(name) && isdirsep(*(name + 2))) {
+        const char *top = skiproot(name + 2, end);
+        dirname = rb_enc_str_new(name, 3, enc);
         rb_str_cat(dirname, top, p - top);
     }
     else
 #endif
-    dirname = rb_str_new(name, p - name);
+    dirname = rb_enc_str_new(name, p - name, enc);
 #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
-    if (has_drive_letter(name) && root == name + 2 && p - name == 2)
+    if (root == name + 2 && p == root && name[1] == ':')
         rb_str_cat(dirname, ".", 1);
 #endif
-    rb_enc_copy(dirname, fname);
     return dirname;
 }
 
-/*
- * accept a String, and return the pointer of the extension.
- * if len is passed, set the length of extension to it.
- * returned pointer is in ``name'' or NULL.
- *                 returns   *len
- *   no dot        NULL      0
- *   dotfile       top       0
- *   end with dot  dot       1
- *   .ext          dot       len of .ext
- *   .ext:stream   dot       len of .ext without :stream (NTFS only)
- *
- */
-const char *
-ruby_enc_find_extname(const char *name, long *len, rb_encoding *enc)
+static inline const char *
+enc_find_extname(const char *name, long *len, bool mb_enc, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     const char *p, *e, *end = name + (len ? *len : (long)strlen(name));
 
-    p = strrdirsep(name, end, enc);	/* get the last path component */
+    p = strrdirsep(name, end, mb_enc, enc);	/* get the last path component */
     if (!p)
         p = name;
     else
@@ -5016,7 +5296,7 @@ ruby_enc_find_extname(const char *name, long *len, rb_encoding *enc)
 #endif
         else if (isdirsep(*p))
             break;
-        Inc(p, end, enc);
+        Inc(p, end, mb_enc, enc);
     }
 
     if (len) {
@@ -5032,57 +5312,106 @@ ruby_enc_find_extname(const char *name, long *len, rb_encoding *enc)
 }
 
 /*
+ * accept a String, and return the pointer of the extension.
+ * if len is passed, set the length of extension to it.
+ * returned pointer is in ``name'' or NULL.
+ *                 returns   *len
+ *   no dot        NULL      0
+ *   dotfile       top       0
+ *   end with dot  dot       1
+ *   .ext          dot       len of .ext
+ *   .ext:stream   dot       len of .ext without :stream (NTFS only)
+ *
+ */
+const char *
+ruby_enc_find_extname(const char *name, long *len, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    return enc_find_extname(name, len, enc_mbclen_needed(enc), enc);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  :markup: markdown
+ *
  *  call-seq:
- *     File.extname(path)  ->  string
+ *     File.extname(path) -> extension
+ *
+ *  Returns the filename extension --
+ *  usually the portion of the string `path`
+ *  beginning from the last period:
+ *
+ *  ```ruby
+ *  File.extname('t.rb')         # => ".rb"
+ *  File.extname('foo.bar.t.rb') # => ".rb"
+ *  File.extname('foo/bar/t.rb') # => ".rb"
+ *  File.extname('nosuch.txt')   # => ".txt"  # Path need not exist.
+ *  ```
  *
- *  Returns the extension (the portion of file name in +path+
- *  starting from the last period).
+ *  Returns the entire string when there is no period:
  *
- *  If +path+ is a dotfile, or starts with a period, then the starting
- *  dot is not dealt with the start of the extension.
+ *  ```ruby
+ *  Pathname('foo').extname # => ""
+ *  ```
  *
- *  An empty string will also be returned when the period is the last character
- *  in +path+.
+ *  Returns an empty string when the only period is the first character:
  *
- *  On Windows, trailing dots are truncated.
+ *  ```ruby
+ *  File.extname('.irbrc') # => ""
+ *  ```
  *
- *     File.extname("test.rb")         #=> ".rb"
- *     File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb")   #=> ".rb"
- *     File.extname(".a/b/d/test.rb")  #=> ".rb"
- *     File.extname("foo.")            #=> "" on Windows
- *     File.extname("foo.")            #=> "." on non-Windows
- *     File.extname("test")            #=> ""
- *     File.extname(".profile")        #=> ""
- *     File.extname(".profile.sh")     #=> ".sh"
+ *  Returns an empty string or `'.'` when `path` ends with a period:
+ *
+ *  ```
+ *  File.extname('foo.') # => ""      # On Windows.
+ *  File.extname('foo.') # => "."     # Elsewhere.
+ *  File.extname('foo....') # => ""   # On Windows.
+ *  File.extname('foo....') # => "."  # Elsewhere.
+ *  ```
  *
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_file_s_extname(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 {
-    const char *name, *e;
-    long len;
-    VALUE extname;
+    const char *name;
+    CheckPath(fname, name);
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(fname);
 
-    FilePathStringValue(fname);
-    name = StringValueCStr(fname);
-    len = RSTRING_LEN(fname);
-    e = ruby_enc_find_extname(name, &len, rb_enc_get(fname));
-    if (len < 1)
-        return rb_str_new(0, 0);
-    extname = rb_str_subseq(fname, e - name, len); /* keep the dot, too! */
-    return extname;
+    if (len < 1) {
+        return rb_enc_str_new(0, 0, rb_str_enc_get(fname));
+    }
+
+    bool mb_enc = !rb_str_enc_fastpath(fname);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_str_enc_get(fname);
+
+    const char *ext = enc_find_extname(name, &len, mb_enc, enc);
+    return rb_enc_str_new(ext, len, enc);
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
+ * call-seq:
  *     File.path(path)  ->  string
  *
- *  Returns the string representation of the path
+ * Returns the string representation of the path
  *
  *     File.path(File::NULL)           #=> "/dev/null"
  *     File.path(Pathname.new("/tmp")) #=> "/tmp"
  *
+ * If +path+ is not a String:
+ *
+ * 1. If it has the +to_path+ method, that method will be called to
+ *    coerce to a String.
+ *
+ * 2. Otherwise, or if the coerced result is not a String too, the
+ *    standard coercion using +to_str+ method will take place on that
+ *    object. (See also String.try_convert)
+ *
+ * The coerced string must satisfy the following conditions:
+ *
+ * 1. It must be in an ASCII-compatible encoding; otherwise, an
+ *    Encoding::CompatibilityError is raised.
+ *
+ * 2. It must not contain the NUL character (<tt>\0</tt>); otherwise,
+ *    an ArgumentError is raised.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5109,15 +5438,17 @@ rb_file_s_split(VALUE klass, VALUE path)
     return rb_assoc_new(rb_file_dirname(path), rb_file_s_basename(1,&path,Qundef));
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_file_join_ary(VALUE ary);
+
 static VALUE
 file_inspect_join(VALUE ary, VALUE arg, int recur)
 {
     if (recur || ary == arg) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "recursive array");
-    return rb_file_join(arg);
+    return rb_file_join_ary(arg);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_file_join(VALUE ary)
+rb_file_join_ary(VALUE ary)
 {
     long len, i;
     VALUE result, tmp;
@@ -5165,11 +5496,11 @@ rb_file_join(VALUE ary)
             rb_enc_copy(result, tmp);
         }
         else {
-            tail = chompdirsep(name, name + len, rb_enc_get(result));
-            if (RSTRING_PTR(tmp) && isdirsep(RSTRING_PTR(tmp)[0])) {
+            tail = chompdirsep(name, name + len, true, rb_enc_get(result));
+            if (RSTRING_LEN(tmp) > 0 && isdirsep(RSTRING_PTR(tmp)[0])) {
                 rb_str_set_len(result, tail - name);
             }
-            else if (!*tail) {
+            else if (tail == name + len) {
                 rb_str_cat(result, "/", 1);
             }
         }
@@ -5182,6 +5513,77 @@ rb_file_join(VALUE ary)
     return result;
 }
 
+static inline VALUE
+rb_file_join_fastpath(long argc, VALUE *args)
+{
+    long size = argc;
+
+    long i;
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        VALUE tmp = args[i];
+        if (RB_LIKELY(RB_TYPE_P(tmp, T_STRING) && rb_str_enc_fastpath(tmp))) {
+            size += RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
+        }
+        else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    VALUE result = rb_str_buf_new(size);
+
+    int encidx = ENCODING_GET_INLINED(args[0]);
+    ENCODING_SET_INLINED(result, encidx);
+    rb_str_buf_append(result, args[0]);
+
+    const char *name = RSTRING_PTR(result);
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+        VALUE tmp = args[i];
+        long len = RSTRING_LEN(result);
+
+        const char *tmp_s;
+        long tmp_len;
+        RSTRING_GETMEM(tmp, tmp_s, tmp_len);
+
+        if (tmp_len > 0 && isdirsep(tmp_s[0])) {
+            // right side has a leading separator, remove left side separators.
+            long chomp = len;
+            while (chomp > 0 && isdirsep(name[chomp - 1])) {
+                --chomp;
+            }
+            rb_str_set_len(result, chomp);
+        }
+        else if (len < 1 || !isdirsep(name[len - 1])) {
+            // neither side have a separator, append one;
+            rb_str_cat(result, "/", 1);
+        }
+
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(ENCODING_GET_INLINED(tmp) != encidx)) {
+            rb_encoding *new_enc = fs_enc_check(result, tmp);
+            rb_enc_associate(result, new_enc);
+            encidx = rb_enc_to_index(new_enc);
+        }
+
+        rb_str_buf_cat(result, tmp_s, tmp_len);
+    }
+
+    rb_str_null_check(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+rb_file_join(long argc, VALUE *args)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(argc == 0)) {
+        return rb_str_new(0, 0);
+    }
+
+    VALUE result = rb_file_join_fastpath(argc, args);
+    if (RB_LIKELY(result)) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    return rb_file_join_ary(rb_ary_new_from_values(argc, args));
+}
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     File.join(string, ...)  ->  string
@@ -5194,9 +5596,9 @@ rb_file_join(VALUE ary)
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_file_s_join(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
+rb_file_s_join(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    return rb_file_join(args);
+    return rb_file_join(argc, argv);
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_TRUNCATE)
@@ -5336,7 +5738,7 @@ rb_thread_flock(void *data)
  *  call-seq:
  *    flock(locking_constant) -> 0 or false
  *
- *  Locks or unlocks file +self+ according to the given `locking_constant`,
+ *  Locks or unlocks file `self` according to the given `locking_constant`,
  *  a bitwise OR of the values in the table below.
  *
  *  Not available on all platforms.
@@ -5346,10 +5748,10 @@ rb_thread_flock(void *data)
  *
  *  | Constant        | Lock         | Effect
  *  |-----------------|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- *  | +File::LOCK_EX+ | Exclusive    | Only one process may hold an exclusive lock for +self+ at a time.                                               |
- *  | +File::LOCK_NB+ | Non-blocking | No blocking; may be combined with +File::LOCK_SH+ or +File::LOCK_EX+ using the bitwise OR operator <tt>\|</tt>. |
- *  | +File::LOCK_SH+ | Shared       | Multiple processes may each hold a shared lock for +self+ at the same time.                                     |
- *  | +File::LOCK_UN+ | Unlock       | Remove an existing lock held by this process.                                                                   |
+ *  | `File::LOCK_EX` | Exclusive    | Only one process may hold an exclusive lock for `self` at a time.                                               |
+ *  | `File::LOCK_NB` | Non-blocking | No blocking; may be combined with `File::LOCK_SH` or `File::LOCK_EX` using the bitwise OR operator <tt>\|</tt>. |
+ *  | `File::LOCK_SH` | Shared       | Multiple processes may each hold a shared lock for `self` at the same time.                                     |
+ *  | `File::LOCK_UN` | Unlock       | Remove an existing lock held by this process.                                                                   |
  *
  *  Example:
  *
@@ -5476,11 +5878,11 @@ test_check(int n, int argc, VALUE *argv)
  *      | <tt>'z'</tt> | Whether the entity exists and is of length zero.                          |
  *
  *  - This test operates only on the entity at `path0`,
- *    and returns an integer size or +nil+:
+ *    and returns an integer size or `nil`:
  *
  *      | Character    | Test                                                                                         |
  *      |:------------:|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- *      | <tt>'s'</tt> | Returns positive integer size if the entity exists and has non-zero length, +nil+ otherwise. |
+ *      | <tt>'s'</tt> | Returns positive integer size if the entity exists and has non-zero length, `nil` otherwise. |
  *
  *  - Each of these tests operates only on the entity at `path0`,
  *    and returns a Time object;
@@ -5622,7 +6024,7 @@ rb_f_test(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 
     if (strchr("=<>", cmd)) {
         struct stat st1, st2;
-        struct timespec t1, t2;
+        stat_timestamp t1, t2;
 
         CHECK(2);
         if (rb_stat(argv[1], &st1) < 0) return Qfalse;
@@ -5662,19 +6064,56 @@ rb_f_test(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 /*
  *  Document-class: File::Stat
  *
- *  Objects of class File::Stat encapsulate common status information
- *  for File objects. The information is recorded at the moment the
- *  File::Stat object is created; changes made to the file after that
- *  point will not be reflected. File::Stat objects are returned by
- *  IO#stat, File::stat, File#lstat, and File::lstat. Many of these
- *  methods return platform-specific values, and not all values are
- *  meaningful on all systems. See also Kernel#test.
+ *  A \File::Stat object contains information about an entry in the file system.
+ *
+ *  Each of these methods returns a new \File::Stat object:
+ *
+ *  - File#lstat.
+ *  - File::Stat.new.
+ *  - File::lstat.
+ *  - File::stat.
+ *  - IO#stat.
+ *
+ *  === Snapshot
+ *
+ *  A new \File::Stat object takes an immediate "snapshot" of the entry's information;
+ *  the captured information is never updated,
+ *  regardless of changes in the actual entry:
+ *
+ *  The entry must exist when File::Stat.new is called:
+ *
+ *    filepath = 't.tmp'
+ *    File.exist?(filepath)           # => false
+ *    File::Stat.new(filepath)        # Raises Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory.
+ *    File.write(filepath, 'foo')     # Create the file.
+ *    stat = File::Stat.new(filepath) # Okay.
+ *
+ *  Later changes to the actual entry do not change the \File::Stat object:
+ *
+ *    File.atime(filepath) # => 2026-04-01 11:51:38.0014518 -0500
+ *    stat.atime           # => 2026-04-01 11:51:38.0014518 -0500
+ *    File.write(filepath, 'bar')
+ *    File.atime(filepath) # => 2026-04-01 11:58:11.922614 -0500
+ *    stat.atime           # => 2026-04-01 11:51:38.0014518 -0500
+ *    File.delete(filepath)
+ *    stat.atime           # => 2026-04-01 11:51:38.0014518 -0500
+ *
+ *  === OS-Dependencies
+ *
+ *  Methods in a \File::Stat object may return platform-dependents values,
+ *  and not all values are meaningful on all systems;
+ *  for example, File::Stat#blocks returns +nil+ on Windows,
+ *  but returns an integer on Linux.
+ *
+ *  See also Kernel#test.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-    return stat_new_0(klass, 0);
+    VALUE obj;
+    stat_alloc(rb_cStat, &obj);
+    return obj;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5688,11 +6127,11 @@ rb_stat_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_init(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
 {
-    struct stat st;
+    rb_io_stat_data st;
 
     FilePathValue(fname);
     fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
-    if (STAT(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
+    if (STATX(StringValueCStr(fname), &st, STATX_ALL) == -1) {
         rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
     }
 
@@ -5738,7 +6177,7 @@ rb_stat_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_ftype(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return rb_file_ftype(get_stat(obj));
+    return rb_file_ftype(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5755,7 +6194,7 @@ rb_stat_ftype(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_d(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (S_ISDIR(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISDIR(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -5771,7 +6210,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_p(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_IFIFO
-    if (S_ISFIFO(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISFIFO(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
 
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
@@ -5797,7 +6236,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_l(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISLNK
-    if (S_ISLNK(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISLNK(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -5818,7 +6257,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_S(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISSOCK
-    if (S_ISSOCK(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISSOCK(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
 
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
@@ -5841,7 +6280,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_b(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISBLK
-    if (S_ISBLK(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISBLK(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
 
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
@@ -5862,7 +6301,7 @@ rb_stat_b(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_c(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (S_ISCHR(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISCHR(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
 
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -5882,14 +6321,14 @@ rb_stat_c(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_owned(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_uid == geteuid()) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(uid) == geteuid()) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_rowned(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_uid == getuid()) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(uid) == getuid()) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -5909,7 +6348,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_grpowned(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifndef _WIN32
-    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->st_gid)) return Qtrue;
+    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->ST_(gid))) return Qtrue;
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -5928,21 +6367,21 @@ rb_stat_grpowned(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_r(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (geteuid() == 0) return Qtrue;
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IRUSR
     if (rb_stat_owned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IRUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IRUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IRGRP
     if (rb_stat_grpowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IRGRP);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IRGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IROTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IROTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IROTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -5961,21 +6400,21 @@ rb_stat_r(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_R(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (getuid() == 0) return Qtrue;
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IRUSR
     if (rb_stat_rowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IRUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IRUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IRGRP
-    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->st_gid))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IRGRP);
+    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->ST_(gid)))
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IRGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IROTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IROTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IROTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -5997,9 +6436,9 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_wr(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_IROTH
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
-    if ((st->st_mode & (S_IROTH)) == S_IROTH) {
-        return UINT2NUM(st->st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
+    if ((st->ST_(mode) & (S_IROTH)) == S_IROTH) {
+        return UINT2NUM(st->ST_(mode) & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
     }
 #endif
     return Qnil;
@@ -6019,21 +6458,21 @@ rb_stat_wr(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_w(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (geteuid() == 0) return Qtrue;
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWUSR
     if (rb_stat_owned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IWUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWGRP
     if (rb_stat_grpowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IWGRP);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWOTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IWOTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWOTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -6052,21 +6491,21 @@ rb_stat_w(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_W(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (getuid() == 0) return Qtrue;
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWUSR
     if (rb_stat_rowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IWUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWGRP
-    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->st_gid))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IWGRP);
+    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->ST_(gid)))
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IWOTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IWOTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IWOTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -6088,9 +6527,9 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_ww(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_IWOTH
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
-    if ((st->st_mode & (S_IWOTH)) == S_IWOTH) {
-        return UINT2NUM(st->st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
+    if ((st->ST_(mode) & (S_IWOTH)) == S_IWOTH) {
+        return UINT2NUM(st->ST_(mode) & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
     }
 #endif
     return Qnil;
@@ -6112,23 +6551,23 @@ rb_stat_ww(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_x(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (geteuid() == 0) {
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXUGO);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXUGO);
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXUSR
     if (rb_stat_owned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXGRP
     if (rb_stat_grpowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXGRP);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXOTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IXOTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXOTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -6144,23 +6583,23 @@ rb_stat_x(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_X(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct stat *st = get_stat(obj);
+    rb_io_stat_data *st = get_stat(obj);
 
 #ifdef USE_GETEUID
     if (getuid() == 0) {
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXUGO);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXUGO);
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXUSR
     if (rb_stat_rowned(obj))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXUSR);
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXUSR);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXGRP
-    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->st_gid))
-        return RBOOL(st->st_mode & S_IXGRP);
+    if (rb_group_member(get_stat(obj)->ST_(gid)))
+        return RBOOL(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXGRP);
 #endif
 #ifdef S_IXOTH
-    if (!(st->st_mode & S_IXOTH)) return Qfalse;
+    if (!(st->ST_(mode) & S_IXOTH)) return Qfalse;
 #endif
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -6179,7 +6618,7 @@ rb_stat_X(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_f(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (S_ISREG(get_stat(obj)->st_mode)) return Qtrue;
+    if (S_ISREG(get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode))) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -6197,7 +6636,7 @@ rb_stat_f(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_z(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_size == 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(size) == 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -6216,7 +6655,7 @@ rb_stat_z(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 rb_stat_s(VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_off_t size = get_stat(obj)->st_size;
+    rb_off_t size = get_stat(obj)->ST_(size);
 
     if (size == 0) return Qnil;
     return OFFT2NUM(size);
@@ -6237,7 +6676,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_suid(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISUID
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_mode & S_ISUID) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode) & S_ISUID) return Qtrue;
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -6258,7 +6697,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_sgid(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISGID
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_mode & S_ISGID) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode) & S_ISGID) return Qtrue;
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -6279,7 +6718,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_stat_sticky(VALUE obj)
 {
 #ifdef S_ISVTX
-    if (get_stat(obj)->st_mode & S_ISVTX) return Qtrue;
+    if (get_stat(obj)->ST_(mode) & S_ISVTX) return Qtrue;
 #endif
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -6360,95 +6799,6 @@ rb_is_absolute_path(const char *path)
     return 0;
 }
 
-#ifndef ENABLE_PATH_CHECK
-# if defined DOSISH || defined __CYGWIN__
-#   define ENABLE_PATH_CHECK 0
-# else
-#   define ENABLE_PATH_CHECK 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#if ENABLE_PATH_CHECK
-static int
-path_check_0(VALUE path)
-{
-    struct stat st;
-    const char *p0 = StringValueCStr(path);
-    const char *e0;
-    rb_encoding *enc;
-    char *p = 0, *s;
-
-    if (!rb_is_absolute_path(p0)) {
-        char *buf = ruby_getcwd();
-        VALUE newpath;
-
-        newpath = rb_str_new2(buf);
-        xfree(buf);
-
-        rb_str_cat2(newpath, "/");
-        rb_str_cat2(newpath, p0);
-        path = newpath;
-        p0 = RSTRING_PTR(path);
-    }
-    e0 = p0 + RSTRING_LEN(path);
-    enc = rb_enc_get(path);
-    for (;;) {
-#ifndef S_IWOTH
-# define S_IWOTH 002
-#endif
-        if (STAT(p0, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & S_IWOTH)
-#ifdef S_ISVTX
-            && !(p && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX))
-#endif
-            && !access(p0, W_OK)) {
-            rb_enc_warn(enc, "Insecure world writable dir %s in PATH, mode 0%"
-#if SIZEOF_DEV_T > SIZEOF_INT
-                        PRI_MODET_PREFIX"o",
-#else
-                        "o",
-#endif
-                        p0, st.st_mode);
-            if (p) *p = '/';
-            RB_GC_GUARD(path);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        s = strrdirsep(p0, e0, enc);
-        if (p) *p = '/';
-        if (!s || s == p0) return 1;
-        p = s;
-        e0 = p;
-        *p = '\0';
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-int
-rb_path_check(const char *path)
-{
-#if ENABLE_PATH_CHECK
-    const char *p0, *p, *pend;
-    const char sep = PATH_SEP_CHAR;
-
-    if (!path) return 1;
-
-    pend = path + strlen(path);
-    p0 = path;
-    p = strchr(path, sep);
-    if (!p) p = pend;
-
-    for (;;) {
-        if (!path_check_0(rb_str_new(p0, p - p0))) {
-            return 0;		/* not safe */
-        }
-        p0 = p + 1;
-        if (p0 > pend) break;
-        p = strchr(p0, sep);
-        if (!p) p = pend;
-    }
-#endif
-    return 1;
-}
-
 int
 ruby_is_fd_loadable(int fd)
 {
@@ -6669,7 +7019,7 @@ const char ruby_null_device[] =
  *  Methods File.new and File.open each may take string argument +mode+, which:
  *
  *  - Begins with a 1- or 2-character
- *    {read/write mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Read-2FWrite+Mode].
+ *    {read/write mode}[rdoc-ref:File@ReadWrite+Mode].
  *  - May also contain a 1-character {data mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode].
  *  - May also contain a 1-character
  *    {file-create mode}[rdoc-ref:File@File-Create+Mode].
@@ -7310,7 +7660,7 @@ const char ruby_null_device[] =
  *
  *  First, what's elsewhere. Class \File:
  *
- *  - Inherits from {class IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@What-27s+Here],
+ *  - Inherits from {class IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Whats+Here],
  *    in particular, methods for creating, reading, and writing files
  *  - Includes module FileTest,
  *    which provides dozens of additional methods.
@@ -7525,7 +7875,7 @@ Init_File(void)
     /* separates directory parts in path */
     rb_define_const(rb_cFile, "SEPARATOR", separator);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile, "split",  rb_file_s_split, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile, "join",   rb_file_s_join, -2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile, "join",   rb_file_s_join, -1);
 
 #ifdef DOSISH
     /* platform specific alternative separator */
@@ -7829,11 +8179,11 @@ Init_File(void)
      *
      * ==== File::FNM_EXTGLOB
      *
-     * Flag File::FNM_EXTGLOB enables pattern <tt>'{_a_,_b_}'</tt>,
+     * Flag File::FNM_EXTGLOB enables pattern <tt>'{a,b}'</tt>,
      * which matches pattern '_a_' and pattern '_b_';
      * behaves like
      * a {regexp union}[rdoc-ref:Regexp.union]
-     * (e.g., <tt>'(?:_a_|_b_)'</tt>):
+     * (e.g., <tt>'(?:a|b)'</tt>):
      *
      *   pattern = '{LEGAL,BSDL}'
      *   Dir.glob(pattern)      # => ["LEGAL", "BSDL"]
diff --git a/gc.c b/gc.c
index 6510231ccf..2772f95638 100644
--- a/gc.c
+++ b/gc.c
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#define rb_data_object_alloc rb_data_object_alloc
-#define rb_data_typed_object_alloc rb_data_typed_object_alloc
-
 #include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 #ifdef _WIN32
 # include "ruby/ruby.h"
@@ -82,7 +79,6 @@
 #undef LIST_HEAD /* ccan/list conflicts with BSD-origin sys/queue.h. */
 
 #include "constant.h"
-#include "darray.h"
 #include "debug_counter.h"
 #include "eval_intern.h"
 #include "gc/gc.h"
@@ -91,6 +87,7 @@
 #include "internal/class.h"
 #include "internal/compile.h"
 #include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/concurrent_set.h"
 #include "internal/cont.h"
 #include "internal/error.h"
 #include "internal/eval.h"
@@ -102,6 +99,7 @@
 #include "internal/object.h"
 #include "internal/proc.h"
 #include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "internal/re.h"
 #include "internal/sanitizers.h"
 #include "internal/struct.h"
 #include "internal/symbol.h"
@@ -126,50 +124,59 @@
 #include "vm_callinfo.h"
 #include "ractor_core.h"
 #include "yjit.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "shape.h"
 
+// TODO: Don't export this function in modular GC, instead MMTk should figure out
+// how to combine GC thread backtrace with mutator thread backtrace.
+void
+rb_gc_print_backtrace(void)
+{
+    rb_print_backtrace(stderr);
+}
+
 unsigned int
-rb_gc_vm_lock(void)
+rb_gc_vm_lock(const char *file, int line)
 {
-    unsigned int lev;
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_LEV(&lev);
+    unsigned int lev = 0;
+    rb_vm_lock_enter(&lev, file, line);
     return lev;
 }
 
 void
-rb_gc_vm_unlock(unsigned int lev)
+rb_gc_vm_unlock(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_LEV(&lev);
+    rb_vm_lock_leave(&lev, file, line);
 }
 
 unsigned int
-rb_gc_cr_lock(void)
+rb_gc_cr_lock(const char *file, int line)
 {
     unsigned int lev;
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_CR_LEV(GET_RACTOR(), &lev);
+    rb_vm_lock_enter_cr(GET_RACTOR(), &lev, file, line);
     return lev;
 }
 
 void
-rb_gc_cr_unlock(unsigned int lev)
+rb_gc_cr_unlock(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_CR_LEV(GET_RACTOR(), &lev);
+    rb_vm_lock_leave_cr(GET_RACTOR(), &lev, file, line);
 }
 
 unsigned int
-rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier(void)
+rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier(const char *file, int line)
 {
     unsigned int lev = 0;
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_LEV_NB(&lev);
+    rb_vm_lock_enter_nb(&lev, file, line);
     return lev;
 }
 
 void
-rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(unsigned int lev)
+rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_LEV(&lev);
+    rb_vm_lock_leave_nb(&lev, file, line);
 }
 
 void
@@ -178,7 +185,6 @@ rb_gc_vm_barrier(void)
     rb_vm_barrier();
 }
 
-#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 void *
 rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache(void)
 {
@@ -192,35 +198,6 @@ rb_gc_initialize_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context)
     context->ec = GET_EC();
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_worker_thread_set_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context)
-{
-    rb_native_mutex_lock(&context->lock);
-
-    GC_ASSERT(rb_current_execution_context(false) == NULL);
-
-#ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
-    rb_current_ec_set(context->ec);
-#else
-    native_tls_set(ruby_current_ec_key, context->ec);
-#endif
-}
-
-void
-rb_gc_worker_thread_unset_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context)
-{
-    rb_native_mutex_unlock(&context->lock);
-
-    GC_ASSERT(rb_current_execution_context(true) == context->ec);
-
-#ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
-    rb_current_ec_set(NULL);
-#else
-    native_tls_set(ruby_current_ec_key, NULL);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
 bool
 rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(rb_event_flag_t event)
 {
@@ -232,10 +209,33 @@ rb_gc_event_hook(VALUE obj, rb_event_flag_t event)
 {
     if (LIKELY(!rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(event))) return;
 
-    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = rb_gc_get_ec();
     if (!ec->cfp) return;
 
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
+    bool gc_thread_p = false;
+    if (!GET_EC()) {
+        gc_thread_p = true;
+
+# ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
+        rb_current_ec_set(ec);
+# else
+        native_tls_set(ruby_current_ec_key, ec);
+# endif
+    }
+#endif
+
     EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(ec, event, ec->cfp->self, 0, 0, 0, obj);
+
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
+    if (gc_thread_p) {
+# ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
+        rb_current_ec_set(NULL);
+# else
+        native_tls_set(ruby_current_ec_key, NULL);
+# endif
+    }
+#endif
 }
 
 void *
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ rb_gc_get_objspace(void)
     return GET_VM()->gc.objspace;
 }
 
-
 void
 rb_gc_ractor_newobj_cache_foreach(void (*func)(void *cache, void *data), void *data)
 {
@@ -288,6 +287,8 @@ rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(VALUE objid, long count, VALUE (*callback)(long i, void
     saved.finished = 0;
     saved.final = Qundef;
 
+    ASSERT_vm_unlocking();
+    rb_ractor_ignore_belonging(true);
     EC_PUSH_TAG(ec);
     enum ruby_tag_type state = EC_EXEC_TAG();
     if (state != TAG_NONE) {
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@ rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(VALUE objid, long count, VALUE (*callback)(long i, void
         rb_check_funcall(saved.final, idCall, 1, &objid);
     }
     EC_POP_TAG();
+    rb_ractor_ignore_belonging(false);
 #undef RESTORE_FINALIZER
 }
 
@@ -329,18 +331,21 @@ rb_gc_multi_ractor_p(void)
     return rb_multi_ractor_p();
 }
 
-bool rb_obj_is_main_ractor(VALUE gv);
-
 bool
 rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(VALUE obj)
 {
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_DATA:
-        if (!ruby_free_at_exit_p() && (!DATA_PTR(obj) || !RDATA(obj)->dfree)) return false;
+        if (!ruby_free_at_exit_p()) {
+            if (!RDATA(obj)->type) return false;
+            if (!rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p(obj) && !RTYPEDDATA(obj)->data) return false;
+        }
         if (rb_obj_is_thread(obj)) return false;
         if (rb_obj_is_mutex(obj)) return false;
         if (rb_obj_is_fiber(obj)) return false;
-        if (rb_obj_is_main_ractor(obj)) return false;
+        if (rb_ractor_p(obj)) return false;
+        if (rb_obj_is_fstring_table(obj)) return false;
+        if (rb_obj_is_symbol_table(obj)) return false;
 
         return true;
 
@@ -348,11 +353,6 @@ rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(VALUE obj)
         return true;
 
       case T_SYMBOL:
-        if (RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr &&
-                (BUILTIN_TYPE(RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr) == T_NONE ||
-                    BUILTIN_TYPE(RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr) == T_ZOMBIE)) {
-            RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr = 0;
-        }
         return true;
 
       case T_NONE:
@@ -363,38 +363,18 @@ rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(VALUE obj)
     }
 }
 
-uint32_t
-rb_gc_get_shape(VALUE obj)
-{
-    return (uint32_t)rb_shape_get_shape_id(obj);
-}
-
 void
-rb_gc_set_shape(VALUE obj, uint32_t shape_id)
-{
-    rb_shape_set_shape_id(obj, (uint32_t)shape_id);
-}
-
-uint32_t
-rb_gc_rebuild_shape(VALUE obj, size_t heap_id)
+rb_gc_obj_changed_pool(VALUE obj, size_t heap_id)
 {
-    rb_shape_t *orig_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(obj);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_OBJECT));
 
-    if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) return (uint32_t)OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID;
-
-    rb_shape_t *initial_shape = rb_shape_get_shape_by_id((shape_id_t)(heap_id + FIRST_T_OBJECT_SHAPE_ID));
-    rb_shape_t *new_shape = rb_shape_traverse_from_new_root(initial_shape, orig_shape);
-
-    if (!new_shape) return 0;
-
-    return (uint32_t)rb_shape_id(new_shape);
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(obj, rb_obj_shape_transition_heap(obj, heap_id));
 }
 
 void rb_vm_update_references(void *ptr);
 
 #define rb_setjmp(env) RUBY_SETJMP(env)
 #define rb_jmp_buf rb_jmpbuf_t
-#undef rb_data_object_wrap
 
 #if !defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS) && defined(MAP_ANON)
 #define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON
@@ -409,7 +389,7 @@ void rb_vm_update_references(void *ptr);
 #define RMOVED(obj) ((struct RMoved *)(obj))
 
 #define TYPED_UPDATE_IF_MOVED(_objspace, _type, _thing) do { \
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p((_objspace), (VALUE)(_thing))) {    \
+    if (gc_object_moved_p_internal((_objspace), (VALUE)(_thing))) {    \
         *(_type *)&(_thing) = (_type)gc_location_internal(_objspace, (VALUE)_thing); \
     } \
 } while (0)
@@ -491,21 +471,21 @@ rb_malloc_grow_capa(size_t current, size_t type_size)
     return new_capacity;
 }
 
-static inline struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag
+static inline struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag
 size_mul_add_overflow(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z) /* x * y + z */
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag u = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(t.right, z);
-    return (struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag) { t.left || u.left, u.right };
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag u = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(t.result, z);
+    return (struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag) { t.overflowed || u.overflowed, u.result };
 }
 
-static inline struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag
+static inline struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag
 size_mul_add_mul_overflow(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z, size_t w) /* x * y + z * w */
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag u = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(z, w);
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag v = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(t.right, u.right);
-    return (struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag) { t.left || u.left || v.left, v.right };
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag u = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(z, w);
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag v = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(t.result, u.result);
+    return (struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag) { t.overflowed || u.overflowed || v.overflowed, v.result };
 }
 
 PRINTF_ARGS(NORETURN(static void gc_raise(VALUE, const char*, ...)), 2, 3);
@@ -513,9 +493,9 @@ PRINTF_ARGS(NORETURN(static void gc_raise(VALUE, const char*, ...)), 2, 3);
 static inline size_t
 size_mul_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, VALUE exc)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
-    if (LIKELY(!t.left)) {
-        return t.right;
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
+    if (LIKELY(!t.overflowed)) {
+        return t.result;
     }
     else if (rb_during_gc()) {
         rb_memerror();          /* or...? */
@@ -539,9 +519,9 @@ rb_size_mul_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, VALUE exc)
 static inline size_t
 size_mul_add_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z, VALUE exc)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = size_mul_add_overflow(x, y, z);
-    if (LIKELY(!t.left)) {
-        return t.right;
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = size_mul_add_overflow(x, y, z);
+    if (LIKELY(!t.overflowed)) {
+        return t.result;
     }
     else if (rb_during_gc()) {
         rb_memerror();          /* or...? */
@@ -566,9 +546,9 @@ rb_size_mul_add_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z, VALUE exc)
 static inline size_t
 size_mul_add_mul_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, size_t z, size_t w, VALUE exc)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = size_mul_add_mul_overflow(x, y, z, w);
-    if (LIKELY(!t.left)) {
-        return t.right;
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = size_mul_add_mul_overflow(x, y, z, w);
+    if (LIKELY(!t.overflowed)) {
+        return t.result;
     }
     else if (rb_during_gc()) {
         rb_memerror();          /* or...? */
@@ -598,6 +578,7 @@ rb_gc_guarded_ptr_val(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE val)
 #endif
 
 static const char *obj_type_name(VALUE obj);
+static st_table *id2ref_tbl;
 #include "gc/default/default.c"
 
 #if USE_MODULAR_GC && !defined(HAVE_DLOPEN)
@@ -609,14 +590,14 @@ typedef struct gc_function_map {
     // Bootup
     void *(*objspace_alloc)(void);
     void (*objspace_init)(void *objspace_ptr);
-    void (*objspace_free)(void *objspace_ptr);
     void *(*ractor_cache_alloc)(void *objspace_ptr, void *ractor);
-    void (*ractor_cache_free)(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache);
     void (*set_params)(void *objspace_ptr);
     void (*init)(void);
     size_t *(*heap_sizes)(void *objspace_ptr);
     // Shutdown
     void (*shutdown_free_objects)(void *objspace_ptr);
+    void (*objspace_free)(void *objspace_ptr);
+    void (*ractor_cache_free)(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache);
     // GC
     void (*start)(void *objspace_ptr, bool full_mark, bool immediate_mark, bool immediate_sweep, bool compact);
     bool (*during_gc_p)(void *objspace_ptr);
@@ -628,15 +609,16 @@ typedef struct gc_function_map {
     void (*config_set)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash);
     void (*stress_set)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE flag);
     VALUE (*stress_get)(void *objspace_ptr);
+    struct rb_gc_vm_context *(*get_vm_context)(void *objspace_ptr);
     // Object allocation
-    VALUE (*new_obj)(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size);
+    VALUE (*new_obj)(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size);
     size_t (*obj_slot_size)(VALUE obj);
     size_t (*heap_id_for_size)(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
     bool (*size_allocatable_p)(size_t size);
     // Malloc
-    void *(*malloc)(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
-    void *(*calloc)(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
-    void *(*realloc)(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size);
+    void *(*malloc)(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed);
+    void *(*calloc)(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed);
+    void *(*realloc)(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, bool gc_allowed);
     void (*free)(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size);
     void (*adjust_memory_usage)(void *objspace_ptr, ssize_t diff);
     // Marking
@@ -644,9 +626,11 @@ typedef struct gc_function_map {
     void (*mark_and_move)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr);
     void (*mark_and_pin)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
     void (*mark_maybe)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
-    void (*mark_weak)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr);
-    void (*remove_weak)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr);
+    // Weak references
+    void (*declare_weak_references)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
+    bool (*handle_weak_references_alive_p)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
     // Compaction
+    void (*register_pinning_obj)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
     bool (*object_moved_p)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
     VALUE (*location)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE value);
     // Write barriers
@@ -662,9 +646,6 @@ typedef struct gc_function_map {
     void (*undefine_finalizer)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
     void (*copy_finalizer)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj);
     void (*shutdown_call_finalizer)(void *objspace_ptr);
-    // Object ID
-    VALUE (*object_id)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
-    VALUE (*object_id_to_ref)(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE object_id);
     // Forking
     void (*before_fork)(void *objspace_ptr);
     void (*after_fork)(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid);
@@ -716,7 +697,7 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
                 break;
               default:
                 fprintf(stderr, "Only alphanumeric, dash, and underscore is allowed in "RUBY_GC_LIBRARY"\n");
-                exit(1);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
         }
 
@@ -763,19 +744,21 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
         handle = dlopen(gc_so_path, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL);
         if (!handle) {
             fprintf(stderr, "ruby_modular_gc_init: Shared library %s cannot be opened: %s\n", gc_so_path, dlerror());
-            exit(1);
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
 
         gc_functions.modular_gc_loaded_p = true;
     }
 
+    unsigned int err_count = 0;
+
 # define load_modular_gc_func(name) do { \
     if (handle) { \
         const char *func_name = "rb_gc_impl_" #name; \
         gc_functions.name = dlsym(handle, func_name); \
         if (!gc_functions.name) { \
             fprintf(stderr, "ruby_modular_gc_init: %s function not exported by library %s\n", func_name, gc_so_path); \
-            exit(1); \
+            err_count++; \
         } \
     } \
     else { \
@@ -786,14 +769,14 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
     // Bootup
     load_modular_gc_func(objspace_alloc);
     load_modular_gc_func(objspace_init);
-    load_modular_gc_func(objspace_free);
     load_modular_gc_func(ractor_cache_alloc);
-    load_modular_gc_func(ractor_cache_free);
     load_modular_gc_func(set_params);
     load_modular_gc_func(init);
     load_modular_gc_func(heap_sizes);
     // Shutdown
     load_modular_gc_func(shutdown_free_objects);
+    load_modular_gc_func(objspace_free);
+    load_modular_gc_func(ractor_cache_free);
     // GC
     load_modular_gc_func(start);
     load_modular_gc_func(during_gc_p);
@@ -805,6 +788,7 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
     load_modular_gc_func(config_get);
     load_modular_gc_func(stress_set);
     load_modular_gc_func(stress_get);
+    load_modular_gc_func(get_vm_context);
     // Object allocation
     load_modular_gc_func(new_obj);
     load_modular_gc_func(obj_slot_size);
@@ -821,9 +805,11 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
     load_modular_gc_func(mark_and_move);
     load_modular_gc_func(mark_and_pin);
     load_modular_gc_func(mark_maybe);
-    load_modular_gc_func(mark_weak);
-    load_modular_gc_func(remove_weak);
+    // Weak references
+    load_modular_gc_func(declare_weak_references);
+    load_modular_gc_func(handle_weak_references_alive_p);
     // Compaction
+    load_modular_gc_func(register_pinning_obj);
     load_modular_gc_func(object_moved_p);
     load_modular_gc_func(location);
     // Write barriers
@@ -839,9 +825,6 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
     load_modular_gc_func(undefine_finalizer);
     load_modular_gc_func(copy_finalizer);
     load_modular_gc_func(shutdown_call_finalizer);
-    // Object ID
-    load_modular_gc_func(object_id);
-    load_modular_gc_func(object_id_to_ref);
     // Forking
     load_modular_gc_func(before_fork);
     load_modular_gc_func(after_fork);
@@ -861,6 +844,11 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
     load_modular_gc_func(set_event_hook);
     load_modular_gc_func(copy_attributes);
 
+    if (err_count > 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ruby_modular_gc_init: found %u missing exports in library %s\n", err_count, gc_so_path);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
 # undef load_modular_gc_func
 
     rb_gc_functions = gc_functions;
@@ -869,14 +857,14 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
 // Bootup
 # define rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc rb_gc_functions.objspace_alloc
 # define rb_gc_impl_objspace_init rb_gc_functions.objspace_init
-# define rb_gc_impl_objspace_free rb_gc_functions.objspace_free
 # define rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_alloc rb_gc_functions.ractor_cache_alloc
-# define rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free rb_gc_functions.ractor_cache_free
 # define rb_gc_impl_set_params rb_gc_functions.set_params
 # define rb_gc_impl_init rb_gc_functions.init
 # define rb_gc_impl_heap_sizes rb_gc_functions.heap_sizes
 // Shutdown
 # define rb_gc_impl_shutdown_free_objects rb_gc_functions.shutdown_free_objects
+# define rb_gc_impl_objspace_free rb_gc_functions.objspace_free
+# define rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free rb_gc_functions.ractor_cache_free
 // GC
 # define rb_gc_impl_start rb_gc_functions.start
 # define rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p rb_gc_functions.during_gc_p
@@ -888,6 +876,7 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
 # define rb_gc_impl_config_set rb_gc_functions.config_set
 # define rb_gc_impl_stress_set rb_gc_functions.stress_set
 # define rb_gc_impl_stress_get rb_gc_functions.stress_get
+# define rb_gc_impl_get_vm_context rb_gc_functions.get_vm_context
 // Object allocation
 # define rb_gc_impl_new_obj rb_gc_functions.new_obj
 # define rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size rb_gc_functions.obj_slot_size
@@ -904,9 +893,11 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
 # define rb_gc_impl_mark_and_move rb_gc_functions.mark_and_move
 # define rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin rb_gc_functions.mark_and_pin
 # define rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe rb_gc_functions.mark_maybe
-# define rb_gc_impl_mark_weak rb_gc_functions.mark_weak
-# define rb_gc_impl_remove_weak rb_gc_functions.remove_weak
+// Weak references
+# define rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references rb_gc_functions.declare_weak_references
+# define rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p rb_gc_functions.handle_weak_references_alive_p
 // Compaction
+# define rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj rb_gc_functions.register_pinning_obj
 # define rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p rb_gc_functions.object_moved_p
 # define rb_gc_impl_location rb_gc_functions.location
 // Write barriers
@@ -922,9 +913,6 @@ ruby_modular_gc_init(void)
 # define rb_gc_impl_undefine_finalizer rb_gc_functions.undefine_finalizer
 # define rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer rb_gc_functions.copy_finalizer
 # define rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer rb_gc_functions.shutdown_call_finalizer
-// Object ID
-# define rb_gc_impl_object_id rb_gc_functions.object_id
-# define rb_gc_impl_object_id_to_ref rb_gc_functions.object_id_to_ref
 // Forking
 # define rb_gc_impl_before_fork rb_gc_functions.before_fork
 # define rb_gc_impl_after_fork rb_gc_functions.after_fork
@@ -966,7 +954,6 @@ rb_objspace_alloc(void)
 
     void *objspace = rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc();
     ruby_current_vm_ptr->gc.objspace = objspace;
-
     rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(objspace);
     rb_gc_impl_stress_set(objspace, initial_stress);
 
@@ -990,59 +977,159 @@ rb_gc_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static inline void
-gc_validate_pc(void) {
+gc_validate_pc(VALUE obj)
+{
 #if RUBY_DEBUG
+    // IMEMOs and objects without a class (e.g managed id table) are not traceable
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_IMEMO) || !CLASS_OF(obj)) return;
+
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
     const rb_control_frame_t *cfp = ec->cfp;
-    if (cfp && VM_FRAME_RUBYFRAME_P(cfp) && cfp->pc) {
-        RUBY_ASSERT(cfp->pc >= ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->iseq_encoded);
-        RUBY_ASSERT(cfp->pc <= ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->iseq_encoded + ISEQ_BODY(cfp->iseq)->iseq_size);
+    if (cfp && VM_FRAME_RUBYFRAME_P(cfp) && CFP_PC(cfp)) {
+        const VALUE *iseq_encoded = ISEQ_BODY(CFP_ISEQ(cfp))->iseq_encoded;
+        const VALUE *iseq_encoded_end = iseq_encoded + ISEQ_BODY(CFP_ISEQ(cfp))->iseq_size;
+        RUBY_ASSERT(CFP_PC(cfp) >= iseq_encoded, "PC not set when allocating, breaking tracing");
+        RUBY_ASSERT(CFP_PC(cfp) <= iseq_encoded_end, "PC not set when allocating, breaking tracing");
     }
 #endif
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-newobj_of(rb_ractor_t *cr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3, bool wb_protected, size_t size)
+NOINLINE(static void gc_newobj_hook(VALUE obj));
+static void
+gc_newobj_hook(VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE obj = rb_gc_impl_new_obj(rb_gc_get_objspace(), cr->newobj_cache, klass, flags, v1, v2, v3, wb_protected, size);
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
+    {
+        size_t slot_size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj);
+        memset((char *)obj + sizeof(struct RBasic), 0, slot_size - sizeof(struct RBasic));
+
+        /* We must disable GC here because the callback could call xmalloc
+         * which could potentially trigger a GC, and a lot of code is unsafe
+         * to trigger a GC right after an object has been allocated because
+         * they perform initialization for the object and assume that the
+         * GC does not trigger before then. */
+        bool gc_disabled = RTEST(rb_gc_disable_no_rest());
+        {
+            rb_gc_event_hook(obj, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ);
+        }
+        if (!gc_disabled) rb_gc_enable();
+    }
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
+}
 
-    gc_validate_pc();
+VALUE
+rb_newobj(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, shape_id_t shape_id, bool wb_protected, size_t size)
+{
+    GC_ASSERT((flags & FL_WB_PROTECTED) == 0);
+    rb_ractor_t *cr = rb_ec_ractor_ptr(ec);
+    VALUE obj = rb_gc_impl_new_obj(rb_gc_get_objspace(), cr->newobj_cache, klass, flags, wb_protected, size);
+
+#if RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
+    void rb_ractor_setup_belonging(VALUE obj);
+    rb_ractor_setup_belonging(obj);
+#endif
+
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID_NO_CHECKS(obj, shape_id);
+
+    gc_validate_pc(obj);
 
     if (UNLIKELY(rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ))) {
-        unsigned int lev;
-        RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER_CR_LEV(cr, &lev);
-        {
-            memset((char *)obj + RVALUE_SIZE, 0, rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj) - RVALUE_SIZE);
-
-            /* We must disable GC here because the callback could call xmalloc
-             * which could potentially trigger a GC, and a lot of code is unsafe
-             * to trigger a GC right after an object has been allocated because
-             * they perform initialization for the object and assume that the
-             * GC does not trigger before then. */
-            bool gc_disabled = RTEST(rb_gc_disable_no_rest());
-            {
-                rb_gc_event_hook(obj, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ);
-            }
-            if (!gc_disabled) rb_gc_enable();
-        }
-        RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE_CR_LEV(cr, &lev);
+        gc_newobj_hook(obj);
     }
 
+#if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
+# ifndef GC_DEBUG_SLOT_FILL_SPECIAL_VALUE
+#  define GC_DEBUG_SLOT_FILL_SPECIAL_VALUE 255
+# endif
+
+    memset(
+        (void *)(obj + sizeof(struct RBasic)),
+        GC_DEBUG_SLOT_FILL_SPECIAL_VALUE,
+        rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj) - sizeof(struct RBasic)
+    );
+#endif
+
     return obj;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_wb_unprotected_newobj_of(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, size_t size)
+rb_ec_newobj_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, size_t size)
 {
-    GC_ASSERT((flags & FL_WB_PROTECTED) == 0);
-    return newobj_of(GET_RACTOR(), klass, flags, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, size);
+    VALUE type = flags & T_MASK;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type != T_OBJECT);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type != T_DATA);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type != T_CLASS);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type != T_MODULE);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(type != T_ICLASS);
+    (void)type;
+
+    return rb_newobj(ec, klass, flags, ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER, true, size);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_wb_protected_newobj_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, size_t size)
+rb_newobj_of_with_shape(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, shape_id_t shape_id, size_t size)
 {
-    GC_ASSERT((flags & FL_WB_PROTECTED) == 0);
-    return newobj_of(rb_ec_ractor_ptr(ec), klass, flags, 0, 0, 0, TRUE, size);
+    return rb_newobj(GET_EC(), klass, flags, shape_id, true, size);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_newobj_of(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, size_t size)
+{
+    return rb_newobj(GET_EC(), klass, flags, ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER, true, size);
+}
+
+static
+VALUE class_allocate_complex_instance(VALUE klass, uint32_t capacity)
+{
+    shape_id_t initial_shape_id = rb_shape_id_with_robject_layout(rb_shape_root(rb_gc_heap_id_for_size(sizeof(struct RObject))));
+    VALUE obj = rb_newobj_of_with_shape(klass, T_OBJECT, initial_shape_id, sizeof(struct RObject));
+    rb_obj_init_complex(obj, rb_st_init_numtable_with_size(capacity));
+    return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_class_allocate_instance(VALUE klass)
+{
+    uint32_t index_tbl_num_entries = RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(klass);
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    // Directly start as COMPLEX if we know we're over the limit.
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_shape_tree.max_capacity > 0);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(index_tbl_num_entries > rb_shape_tree.max_capacity)) {
+        obj = class_allocate_complex_instance(klass, index_tbl_num_entries);
+    }
+    else {
+        size_t size = rb_obj_embedded_size(index_tbl_num_entries);
+        if (!rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size)) {
+            size = sizeof(struct RObject);
+        }
+
+        // There might be a NEWOBJ tracepoint callback, and it may set fields.
+        // So the shape must be passed to `NEWOBJ_OF`.
+        obj = rb_newobj_of_with_shape(klass, T_OBJECT, rb_shape_id_with_robject_layout(rb_shape_root(rb_gc_heap_id_for_size(size))), size);
+
+        #if RUBY_DEBUG
+            VALUE *ptr = ROBJECT_FIELDS(obj);
+            size_t fields_count = RSHAPE_LEN(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj));
+            for (size_t i = fields_count; i < ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj); i++) {
+                ptr[i] = Qundef;
+            }
+        #endif
+    }
+
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+    if (rb_obj_class(obj) != rb_class_real(klass)) {
+        rb_bug("Expected rb_class_allocate_instance to set the class correctly");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj);
 }
 
 #define UNEXPECTED_NODE(func) \
@@ -1052,27 +1139,16 @@ rb_wb_protected_newobj_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE flags,
 static inline void
 rb_data_object_check(VALUE klass)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
     if (klass != rb_cObject && (rb_get_alloc_func(klass) == rb_class_allocate_instance)) {
         rb_undef_alloc_func(klass);
         rb_warn("undefining the allocator of T_DATA class %"PRIsVALUE, klass);
     }
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_data_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree)
-{
-    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(dfree != (RUBY_DATA_FUNC)1);
-    if (klass) rb_data_object_check(klass);
-    return newobj_of(GET_RACTOR(), klass, T_DATA, (VALUE)dmark, (VALUE)dfree, (VALUE)datap, !dmark, sizeof(struct RTypedData));
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_data_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree)
-{
-    VALUE obj = rb_data_object_wrap(klass, 0, dmark, dfree);
-    DATA_PTR(obj) = xcalloc(1, size);
-    return obj;
-}
+#define RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p
+#define RB_DATA_TYPE_EMBEDDABLE_P(type) ((type)->flags & RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE)
+#define RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDABLE_P(obj) RB_DATA_TYPE_EMBEDDABLE_P(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj))
 
 static VALUE
 typed_data_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE typed_flag, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type, size_t size)
@@ -1080,13 +1156,22 @@ typed_data_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE typed_flag, void *datap, const rb_data_type_
     RBIMPL_NONNULL_ARG(type);
     if (klass) rb_data_object_check(klass);
     bool wb_protected = (type->flags & RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED) || !type->function.dmark;
-    return newobj_of(GET_RACTOR(), klass, T_DATA, (VALUE)type, 1 | typed_flag, (VALUE)datap, wb_protected, size);
+    VALUE obj = rb_newobj(GET_EC(), klass, T_DATA, ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_RDATA, wb_protected, size);
+
+    rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(obj);
+
+    struct RTypedData *data = (struct RTypedData *)obj;
+    data->fields_obj = 0;
+    *(VALUE *)&data->type = ((VALUE)type) | typed_flag;
+    data->data = datap;
+
+    return obj;
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_data_typed_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type)
 {
-    if (UNLIKELY(type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE)) {
+    if (UNLIKELY(RB_DATA_TYPE_EMBEDDABLE_P(type))) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Cannot wrap an embeddable TypedData");
     }
 
@@ -1096,7 +1181,7 @@ rb_data_typed_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type)
 VALUE
 rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, const rb_data_type_t *type)
 {
-    if (type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE) {
+    if (RB_DATA_TYPE_EMBEDDABLE_P(type)) {
         if (!(type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY)) {
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Embeddable TypedData must be freed immediately");
         }
@@ -1115,20 +1200,33 @@ rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, const rb_data_type_t *type
 }
 
 static size_t
+ruby_xmalloc_usable_size(void *ptr)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
+#if CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
+    struct malloc_obj_info *info = (struct malloc_obj_info *)ptr - 1;
+    return malloc_usable_size(info) - sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info);
+#else
+    return malloc_usable_size(ptr);
+#endif
+#else
+    return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static size_t
 rb_objspace_data_type_memsize(VALUE obj)
 {
     size_t size = 0;
-    if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
-        const rb_data_type_t *type = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
-        const void *ptr = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
+    const void *ptr = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
 
-        if (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->flags & RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE && !RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
-            size += malloc_usable_size((void *)ptr);
-#endif
+    if (ptr) {
+        if (RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDABLE_P(obj) && !RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
+            size += ruby_xmalloc_usable_size((void *)ptr);
         }
 
-        if (ptr && type->function.dsize) {
+        const rb_data_type_t *type = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
+        if (type->function.dsize) {
             size += type->function.dsize(ptr);
         }
     }
@@ -1139,61 +1237,250 @@ rb_objspace_data_type_memsize(VALUE obj)
 const char *
 rb_objspace_data_type_name(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
-        return RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name;
+    return RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_declare_weak_references(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return true;
+
+    return rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_handle_weak_references(VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_DATA:
+        {
+            const rb_data_type_t *type = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
+
+            if (type->function.handle_weak_references) {
+                (type->function.handle_weak_references)(RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj));
+            }
+            else {
+                rb_bug(
+                    "rb_gc_handle_weak_references: TypedData %s does not implement handle_weak_references",
+                    RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case T_IMEMO: {
+        switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
+          case imemo_callcache: {
+            struct rb_callcache *cc = (struct rb_callcache *)obj;
+            if (cc->klass != Qundef &&
+                (!rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(cc->klass) ||
+                 !rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p((VALUE)cc->cme_))) {
+                vm_cc_invalidate(cc);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case imemo_subclasses: {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)obj;
+            VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(obj);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+                if (entries[i] && !rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(entries[i])) {
+                    entries[i] = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          default:
+            rb_bug("rb_gc_handle_weak_references: unexpected imemo type");
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        rb_bug("rb_gc_handle_weak_references: type not supported\n");
     }
-    else {
-        return 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+rb_gc_imemo_needs_cleanup_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
+      case imemo_constcache:
+      case imemo_cref:
+      case imemo_ifunc:
+      case imemo_memo:
+      case imemo_svar:
+      case imemo_callcache:
+      case imemo_throw_data:
+      case imemo_cvar_entry:
+        return false;
+
+      case imemo_env:
+      case imemo_ment:
+      case imemo_iseq:
+      case imemo_callinfo:
+      case imemo_cdhash:
+        return true;
+
+      case imemo_subclasses:
+        return FL_TEST_RAW(obj, IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP);
+
+      case imemo_tmpbuf:
+        return ((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->ptr != NULL;
+
+      case imemo_fields:
+        return FL_TEST_RAW(obj, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP) || (id2ref_tbl && rb_obj_shape_has_id(obj));
     }
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(true);
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-cvar_table_free_i(VALUE value, void *ctx)
+/*
+ * Returns true if the object requires a full rb_gc_obj_free() call during sweep,
+ * false if it can be freed quickly without calling destructors or cleanup.
+ *
+ * Objects that return false are:
+ * - Simple embedded objects without external allocations
+ * - Objects without finalizers
+ * - Objects without object IDs registered in id2ref
+ * - Objects without generic instance variables
+ *
+ * This is used by the GC sweep fast path to avoid function call overhead
+ * for the majority of simple objects.
+ */
+bool
+rb_gc_obj_needs_cleanup_p(VALUE obj)
 {
-    xfree((void *)value);
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+    VALUE flags = RBASIC(obj)->flags;
+
+    if (flags & FL_FINALIZE) return true;
+
+    switch (flags & RUBY_T_MASK) {
+      case T_IMEMO:
+        return rb_gc_imemo_needs_cleanup_p(obj);
+
+      case T_DATA:
+      case T_OBJECT:
+      case T_STRING:
+      case T_ARRAY:
+      case T_HASH:
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+      case T_STRUCT:
+      case T_FLOAT:
+      case T_RATIONAL:
+      case T_COMPLEX:
+      case T_MATCH:
+        break;
+
+      case T_FILE:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+      case T_CLASS:
+      case T_ICLASS:
+      case T_MODULE:
+      case T_REGEXP:
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    shape_id_t shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj);
+    if (id2ref_tbl && rb_shape_has_object_id(shape_id)) return true;
+
+    switch (flags & RUBY_T_MASK) {
+      case T_OBJECT:
+        if (flags & ROBJECT_HEAP) return true;
+        return false;
+
+      case T_DATA:
+        {
+            uintptr_t type = (uintptr_t)RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type;
+            if (type & TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED) {
+                RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree = ((const rb_data_type_t *)(type & TYPED_DATA_PTR_MASK))->function.dfree;
+                if (dfree == RUBY_NEVER_FREE || dfree == RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+
+      case T_STRING:
+        if (flags & (RSTRING_NOEMBED | RSTRING_FSTR)) return true;
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      case T_ARRAY:
+        if (!(flags & RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)) return true;
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      case T_HASH:
+        if (flags & RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG) return true;
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      case T_MATCH:
+        if ((flags & (RMATCH_ONIG | RMATCH_OFFSETS_EXTERNAL)) || USE_DEBUG_COUNTER) return true;
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+        if (!(flags & BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG)) return true;
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      case T_STRUCT:
+        if (!(flags & RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_MASK)) return true;
+        if (flags & RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS) return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+        return false;
+
+      case T_FLOAT:
+      case T_RATIONAL:
+      case T_COMPLEX:
+        return rb_shape_has_fields(shape_id);
+
+      default:
+        UNREACHABLE_RETURN(true);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+io_fptr_finalize(void *fptr)
+{
+    rb_io_fptr_finalize((struct rb_io *)fptr);
 }
 
 static inline void
 make_io_zombie(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr = RFILE(obj)->fptr;
-    rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(objspace, obj, rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal, fptr);
+    rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(objspace, obj, io_fptr_finalize, fptr);
 }
 
 static bool
 rb_data_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-    void *data = RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) ? RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj) : DATA_PTR(obj);
+    void *data = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
     if (data) {
         int free_immediately = false;
         void (*dfree)(void *);
 
-        if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
-            free_immediately = (RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY) != 0;
-            dfree = RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type->function.dfree;
-        }
-        else {
-            dfree = RDATA(obj)->dfree;
-        }
+        free_immediately = (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->flags & RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY) != 0;
+        dfree = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->function.dfree;
 
         if (dfree) {
             if (dfree == RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE) {
-                if (!RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) || !RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
+                if (!RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
                     xfree(data);
                     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_data_xfree);
                 }
             }
             else if (free_immediately) {
                 (*dfree)(data);
-                if (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->flags & RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE && !RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
+                if (RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDABLE_P(obj) && !RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj)) {
                     xfree(data);
                 }
 
                 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_data_imm_free);
             }
             else {
-                rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj, dfree, data);
+                rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(objspace, obj, dfree, data);
                 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_data_zombie);
                 return FALSE;
             }
@@ -1206,47 +1493,32 @@ rb_data_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
     return true;
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(VALUE obj)
+struct classext_foreach_args {
+    VALUE klass;
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace; // used for update_*
+};
+
+static void
+classext_free(rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
 {
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
-        rb_free_generic_ivar((VALUE)obj);
-        FL_UNSET(obj, FL_EXIVAR);
-    }
+    struct classext_foreach_args *args = (struct classext_foreach_args *)arg;
 
-    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
-      case T_STRING:
-        if (FL_TEST(obj, RSTRING_FSTR)) {
-            st_data_t fstr = (st_data_t)obj;
-            st_delete(rb_vm_fstring_table(), &fstr, NULL);
-            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_str_fstr);
+    rb_class_classext_free(args->klass, ext, is_prime);
+}
 
-            FL_UNSET(obj, RSTRING_FSTR);
-        }
-        break;
-      case T_SYMBOL:
-        rb_gc_free_dsymbol(obj);
-        break;
-      case T_IMEMO:
-        switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
-          case imemo_callinfo:
-            rb_vm_ci_free((const struct rb_callinfo *)obj);
-            break;
-          case imemo_ment:
-            rb_free_method_entry_vm_weak_references((const rb_method_entry_t *)obj);
-            break;
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
+static void
+classext_iclass_free(rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
+{
+    struct classext_foreach_args *args = (struct classext_foreach_args *)arg;
+
+    rb_iclass_classext_free(args->klass, ext, is_prime);
 }
 
 bool
 rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
+    struct classext_foreach_args args;
+
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_free);
 
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
@@ -1262,43 +1534,30 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_OBJECT:
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_too_complex);
-            st_free_table(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj));
-        }
-        else if (RBASIC(obj)->flags & ROBJECT_EMBED) {
-            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_embed);
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_HEAP)) {
+            if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+                RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_complex);
+                st_free_table(ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(obj));
+            }
+            else {
+                SIZED_FREE_N(ROBJECT(obj)->as.heap.fields, ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj));
+                RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_ptr);
+            }
         }
         else {
-            xfree(ROBJECT(obj)->as.heap.ivptr);
-            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_ptr);
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_obj_embed);
         }
         break;
       case T_MODULE:
       case T_CLASS:
-        rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        rb_cc_table_free(obj);
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            st_free_table((st_table *)RCLASS_IVPTR(obj));
-        }
-        else {
-            xfree(RCLASS_IVPTR(obj));
-        }
-
-        if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj)) {
-            rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        if (RCLASS_CVC_TBL(obj)) {
-            rb_id_table_foreach_values(RCLASS_CVC_TBL(obj), cvar_table_free_i, NULL);
-            rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_CVC_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        rb_class_remove_subclass_head(obj);
-        rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(obj);
-        rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(obj);
-        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF)) {
-            xfree(RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(obj));
+#if USE_ZJIT
+        rb_zjit_klass_free(obj);
+#endif
+        args.klass = obj;
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, classext_free, (void *)&args);
+        if (RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj)) {
+            st_free_table(RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj));
         }
-
         (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(obj_module_ptr, BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MODULE);
         (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(obj_class_ptr, BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS);
         break;
@@ -1363,29 +1622,32 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
         break;
       case T_MATCH:
         {
-            rb_matchext_t *rm = RMATCH_EXT(obj);
+            struct RMatch *rm = RMATCH(obj);
 #if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
-            if (rm->regs.num_regs >= 8) {
+            if (rm->num_regs >= 8) {
                 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_match_ge8);
             }
-            else if (rm->regs.num_regs >= 4) {
+            else if (rm->num_regs >= 4) {
                 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_match_ge4);
             }
-            else if (rm->regs.num_regs >= 1) {
+            else if (rm->num_regs >= 1) {
                 RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_match_under4);
             }
 #endif
-            onig_region_free(&rm->regs, 0);
-            xfree(rm->char_offset);
+            if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RMATCH_ONIG)) {
+                onig_region_free(&rm->as.onig, 0);
+            }
+            SIZED_FREE_N(rm->char_offset, rm->char_offset_num_allocated);
 
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_match_ptr);
         }
         break;
       case T_FILE:
         if (RFILE(obj)->fptr) {
-            make_io_zombie(objspace, obj);
+            bool closed = rb_io_fptr_finalize_closed(RFILE(obj)->fptr);
+            if (!closed) make_io_zombie(objspace, obj);
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_file_ptr);
-            return FALSE;
+            return closed;
         }
         break;
       case T_RATIONAL:
@@ -1397,18 +1659,12 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
       case T_MOVED:
         break;
       case T_ICLASS:
-        /* Basically , T_ICLASS shares table with the module */
-        if (RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(obj)) {
-            /* Method table is not shared for origin iclasses of classes */
-            rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        if (RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(obj) != NULL) {
-            rb_id_table_free(RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(obj));
+        args.klass = obj;
+
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, classext_iclass_free, (void *)&args);
+        if (RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj)) {
+            st_free_table(RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj));
         }
-        rb_class_remove_subclass_head(obj);
-        rb_cc_table_free(obj);
-        rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(obj);
-        rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(obj);
 
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_iclass_ptr);
         break;
@@ -1419,7 +1675,7 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 
       case T_BIGNUM:
         if (!BIGNUM_EMBED_P(obj) && BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj)) {
-            xfree(BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj));
+            SIZED_FREE_N(BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj), BIGNUM_LEN(obj));
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_bignum_ptr);
         }
         else {
@@ -1437,7 +1693,7 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_struct_embed);
         }
         else {
-            xfree((void *)RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.ptr);
+            SIZED_FREE_N(RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.ptr, RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.len);
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_struct_ptr);
         }
         break;
@@ -1455,8 +1711,8 @@ rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
                BUILTIN_TYPE(obj), (void*)obj, RBASIC(obj)->flags);
     }
 
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) {
-        rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj, 0, 0);
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) {
+        rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(objspace, obj, 0, 0);
         return FALSE;
     }
     else {
@@ -1487,7 +1743,10 @@ internal_object_p(VALUE obj)
           case T_ZOMBIE:
             break;
           case T_CLASS:
-            if (!RBASIC(obj)->klass) break;
+            if (obj == rb_mRubyVMFrozenCore)
+                return 1;
+
+            if (!RBASIC_CLASS(obj)) break;
             if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(obj)) {
                 return rb_singleton_class_internal_p(obj);
             }
@@ -1554,30 +1813,34 @@ os_obj_of(VALUE of)
  *  Ruby process. If <i>module</i> is specified, calls the block
  *  for only those classes or modules that match (or are a subclass of)
  *  <i>module</i>. Returns the number of objects found. Immediate
- *  objects (<code>Fixnum</code>s, <code>Symbol</code>s
- *  <code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, and <code>nil</code>) are
- *  never returned. In the example below, #each_object returns both
- *  the numbers we defined and several constants defined in the Math
- *  module.
+ *  objects (such as <code>Fixnum</code>s, static <code>Symbol</code>s
+ *  <code>true</code>, <code>false</code> and <code>nil</code>) are
+ *  never returned.
  *
  *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
  *
- *     a = 102.7
- *     b = 95       # Won't be returned
- *     c = 12345678987654321
- *     count = ObjectSpace.each_object(Numeric) {|x| p x }
+ *     Job = Class.new
+ *     jobs = [Job.new, Job.new]
+ *     count = ObjectSpace.each_object(Job) {|x| p x }
  *     puts "Total count: #{count}"
  *
  *  <em>produces:</em>
  *
- *     12345678987654321
- *     102.7
- *     2.71828182845905
- *     3.14159265358979
- *     2.22044604925031e-16
- *     1.7976931348623157e+308
- *     2.2250738585072e-308
- *     Total count: 7
+ *    #<Job:0x000000011d6cbbf0>
+ *    #<Job:0x000000011d6cbc68>
+ *     Total count: 2
+ *
+ *  Due to a current Ractor implementation issue, this method does not yield
+ *  Ractor-unshareable objects when the process is in multi-Ractor mode. Multi-ractor
+ *  mode is enabled when <code>Ractor.new</code> has been called for the first time.
+ *  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19387 for more information.
+ *
+ *     a = 12345678987654321 # shareable
+ *     b = [].freeze # shareable
+ *     c = {} # not shareable
+ *     ObjectSpace.each_object {|x| x } # yields a, b, and c
+ *     Ractor.new {} # enter multi-Ractor mode
+ *     ObjectSpace.each_object {|x| x } # does not yield c
  *
  */
 
@@ -1642,63 +1905,68 @@ rb_gc_copy_finalizer(VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(obj, aProc=proc())
+ *     ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(obj) {|id| ... } -> array
+ *     ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(obj, finalizer) -> array
  *
- *  Adds <i>aProc</i> as a finalizer, to be called after <i>obj</i>
- *  was destroyed. The object ID of the <i>obj</i> will be passed
- *  as an argument to <i>aProc</i>. If <i>aProc</i> is a lambda or
- *  method, make sure it can be called with a single argument.
+ *  Adds a new finalizer for +obj+ that is called when +obj+ is destroyed
+ *  by the garbage collector or when Ruby shuts down (which ever comes first).
  *
- *  The return value is an array <code>[0, aProc]</code>.
+ *  With a block given, uses the block as the callback. Without a block given,
+ *  uses a callable object +finalizer+ as the callback. The callback is called
+ *  when +obj+ is destroyed with a single argument +id+ which is the object
+ *  ID of +obj+ (see Object#object_id).
  *
- *  The two recommended patterns are to either create the finaliser proc
- *  in a non-instance method where it can safely capture the needed state,
- *  or to use a custom callable object that stores the needed state
- *  explicitly as instance variables.
+ *  The return value is an array <code>[0, callback]</code>, where +callback+
+ *  is a Proc created from the block if one was given or +finalizer+ otherwise.
  *
- *      class Foo
- *        def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
- *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, self.class.create_finalizer(data_needed_for_finalization))
- *        end
+ *  Note that defining a finalizer in an instance method of the object may prevent
+ *  the object from being garbage collected since if the block or +finalizer+ refers
+ *  to +obj+ then +obj+ will never be reclaimed by the garbage collector. For example,
+ *  the following script demonstrates the issue:
  *
- *        def self.create_finalizer(data_needed_for_finalization)
- *          proc {
- *            puts "finalizing #{data_needed_for_finalization}"
- *          }
+ *      class Foo
+ *        def define_final
+ *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self) do |id|
+ *            puts "Running finalizer for #{id}!"
+ *          end
  *        end
  *      end
  *
- *      class Bar
- *       class Remover
- *          def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
- *            @data_needed_for_finalization = data_needed_for_finalization
- *          end
+ *      obj = Foo.new
+ *      obj.define_final
  *
- *          def call(id)
- *            puts "finalizing #{@data_needed_for_finalization}"
- *          end
+ *  There are two patterns to solve this issue:
+ *
+ *  - Create the finalizer in a non-instance method so it can safely capture
+ *    the needed state:
+ *
+ *      class Foo
+ *        def define_final
+ *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, self.class.create_finalizer)
  *        end
  *
- *        def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
- *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, Remover.new(data_needed_for_finalization))
+ *        def self.create_finalizer
+ *          proc do |id|
+ *            puts "Running finalizer for #{id}!"
+ *          end
  *        end
  *      end
  *
- *  Note that if your finalizer references the object to be
- *  finalized it will never be run on GC, although it will still be
- *  run at exit. You will get a warning if you capture the object
- *  to be finalized as the receiver of the finalizer.
+ *  - Use a callable object:
+ *
+ *      class Foo
+ *        class Finalizer
+ *          def call(id)
+ *            puts "Running finalizer for #{id}!"
+ *          end
+ *        end
  *
- *      class CapturesSelf
- *        def initialize(name)
- *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, proc {
- *            # this finalizer will only be run on exit
- *            puts "finalizing #{name}"
- *          })
+ *        def define_final
+ *          ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, Finalizer.new)
  *        end
  *      end
  *
- *  Also note that finalization can be unpredictable and is never guaranteed
+ *  Note that finalization can be unpredictable and is never guaranteed
  *  to be run except on exit.
  */
 
@@ -1747,7 +2015,7 @@ rb_objspace_free_objects(void *objspace)
 int
 rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj);
+    return !SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj);
 }
 
 bool
@@ -1756,6 +2024,348 @@ rb_gc_pointer_to_heap_p(VALUE obj)
     return rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), (void *)obj);
 }
 
+#define OBJ_ID_INCREMENT (RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK + 1)
+#define LAST_OBJECT_ID() (object_id_counter * OBJ_ID_INCREMENT)
+static VALUE id2ref_value = 0;
+
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+static size_t object_id_counter = 1;
+#else
+static unsigned long long object_id_counter = 1;
+#endif
+
+static inline VALUE
+generate_next_object_id(void)
+{
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+    // 64bit atomics are available
+    return SIZET2NUM(RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_FETCH_ADD(object_id_counter, 1) * OBJ_ID_INCREMENT);
+#else
+    unsigned int lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    VALUE id = ULL2NUM(++object_id_counter * OBJ_ID_INCREMENT);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lock_lev);
+    return id;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_obj_id_moved(VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (UNLIKELY(id2ref_tbl)) {
+        st_insert(id2ref_tbl, (st_data_t)rb_obj_id(obj), (st_data_t)obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+object_id_cmp(st_data_t x, st_data_t y)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
+        return !rb_big_eql(x, y);
+    }
+    else {
+        return x != y;
+    }
+}
+
+static st_index_t
+object_id_hash(st_data_t n)
+{
+    return FIX2LONG(rb_hash((VALUE)n));
+}
+
+static const struct st_hash_type object_id_hash_type = {
+    object_id_cmp,
+    object_id_hash,
+};
+
+static void gc_mark_tbl_no_pin(st_table *table);
+
+static void
+id2ref_tbl_mark(void *data)
+{
+    st_table *table = (st_table *)data;
+    if (UNLIKELY(!RB_POSFIXABLE(LAST_OBJECT_ID()))) {
+        // It's very unlikely, but if enough object ids were generated, keys may be T_BIGNUM
+        rb_mark_set(table);
+    }
+    // We purposely don't mark values, as they are weak references.
+    // rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references takes care of cleaning them up.
+}
+
+static size_t
+id2ref_tbl_memsize(const void *data)
+{
+    return rb_st_memsize(data);
+}
+
+static void
+id2ref_tbl_free(void *data)
+{
+    id2ref_tbl = NULL; // clear global ref
+    st_table *table = (st_table *)data;
+    st_free_table(table);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t id2ref_tbl_type = {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "VM/_id2ref_table",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = id2ref_tbl_mark,
+        .dfree = id2ref_tbl_free,
+        .dsize = id2ref_tbl_memsize,
+        // dcompact function not required because the table is reference updated
+        // in rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach
+    },
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static VALUE
+class_object_id(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE id = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_LOAD(RCLASS(klass)->object_id);
+    if (!id) {
+        unsigned int lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+        id = generate_next_object_id();
+        VALUE existing_id = RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_CAS(RCLASS(klass)->object_id, 0, id);
+        if (existing_id) {
+            id = existing_id;
+        }
+        else if (RB_UNLIKELY(id2ref_tbl)) {
+            st_insert(id2ref_tbl, id, klass);
+        }
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lock_lev);
+    }
+    return id;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+object_id_get(VALUE obj, shape_id_t shape_id)
+{
+    VALUE id;
+    if (rb_shape_complex_p(shape_id)) {
+        id = rb_obj_field_get(obj, ROOT_COMPLEX_WITH_OBJ_ID);
+    }
+    else {
+        id = rb_obj_field_get(obj, rb_shape_object_id(shape_id));
+    }
+
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+    if (!(FIXNUM_P(id) || RB_TYPE_P(id, T_BIGNUM))) {
+        rb_p(obj);
+        rb_bug("Object's shape includes object_id, but it's missing %s", rb_obj_info(obj));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return id;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+object_id0(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE id = Qfalse;
+    shape_id_t shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj);
+
+    if (rb_shape_has_object_id(shape_id)) {
+        return object_id_get(obj, shape_id);
+    }
+
+    shape_id_t object_id_shape_id = rb_obj_shape_transition_object_id(obj);
+
+    id = generate_next_object_id();
+    rb_obj_field_set(obj, object_id_shape_id, 0, id);
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj) == object_id_shape_id);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_obj_shape_has_id(obj));
+
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(id2ref_tbl)) {
+        RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+            st_insert(id2ref_tbl, (st_data_t)id, (st_data_t)obj);
+        }
+    }
+    return id;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+object_id(VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_CLASS:
+      case T_MODULE:
+        // With Ruby Box, classes and modules have different fields
+        // in different boxes, so we cannot store the object id
+        // in fields.
+        return class_object_id(obj);
+      case T_IMEMO:
+        RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_fields));
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (UNLIKELY(rb_gc_multi_ractor_p() && rb_ractor_shareable_p(obj))) {
+        unsigned int lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+        VALUE id = object_id0(obj);
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lock_lev);
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    return object_id0(obj);
+}
+
+static void
+build_id2ref_i(VALUE obj, void *data)
+{
+    st_table *id2ref_tbl = (st_table *)data;
+
+    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_CLASS:
+      case T_MODULE:
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(obj));
+        if (RCLASS(obj)->object_id) {
+            st_insert(id2ref_tbl, RCLASS(obj)->object_id, obj);
+        }
+        break;
+      case T_IMEMO:
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(obj));
+        if (IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_fields) && rb_obj_shape_has_id(obj)) {
+            st_insert(id2ref_tbl, rb_obj_id(obj), rb_imemo_fields_owner(obj));
+        }
+        break;
+      case T_OBJECT:
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(obj));
+        if (rb_obj_shape_has_id(obj)) {
+            st_insert(id2ref_tbl, rb_obj_id(obj), obj);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        // For generic_fields, the T_IMEMO/fields is responsible for populating the entry.
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+object_id_to_ref(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE object_id)
+{
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    if (!id2ref_tbl) {
+        rb_gc_vm_barrier(); // stop other ractors
+
+        // GC Must not trigger while we build the table, otherwise if we end
+        // up freeing an object that had an ID, we might try to delete it from
+        // the table even though it wasn't inserted yet.
+        st_table *tmp_id2ref_tbl = st_init_table(&object_id_hash_type);
+        VALUE tmp_id2ref_value = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &id2ref_tbl_type, tmp_id2ref_tbl);
+
+        // build_id2ref_i will most certainly malloc, which could trigger GC and sweep
+        // objects we just added to the table.
+        // By calling rb_gc_disable() we also save having to handle potentially garbage objects.
+        bool gc_disabled = RTEST(rb_gc_disable());
+        {
+            id2ref_tbl = tmp_id2ref_tbl;
+            id2ref_value = tmp_id2ref_value;
+
+            rb_gc_impl_each_object(objspace, build_id2ref_i, (void *)id2ref_tbl);
+        }
+        if (!gc_disabled) rb_gc_enable();
+    }
+
+    VALUE obj;
+    bool found = st_lookup(id2ref_tbl, object_id, &obj) && !rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(objspace, obj);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+
+    if (found) {
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    if (rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern(">="), 1, ULL2NUM(LAST_OBJECT_ID()))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is not an id value", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is a recycled object", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+obj_free_object_id(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE obj_id = 0;
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(id2ref_tbl)) {
+        switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+          case T_CLASS:
+          case T_MODULE:
+            obj_id = RCLASS(obj)->object_id;
+            break;
+          case T_IMEMO:
+            if (!IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_fields)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // fallthrough
+          case T_OBJECT:
+            {
+            shape_id_t shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj);
+            if (rb_shape_has_object_id(shape_id)) {
+                obj_id = object_id_get(obj, shape_id);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          default:
+            // For generic_fields, the T_IMEMO/fields is responsible for freeing the id.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(obj_id)) {
+            RUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(obj_id) || RB_TYPE_P(obj_id, T_BIGNUM));
+
+            if (!st_delete(id2ref_tbl, (st_data_t *)&obj_id, NULL)) {
+                // The the object is a T_IMEMO/fields, then it's possible the actual object
+                // has been garbage collected already.
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_IMEMO)) {
+                    rb_bug("Object ID seen, but not in _id2ref table: object_id=%llu object=%s", NUM2ULL(obj_id), rb_obj_info(obj));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(VALUE obj)
+{
+    ASSUME(!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj));
+    obj_free_object_id(obj);
+
+    if (rb_obj_gen_fields_p(obj)) {
+        rb_free_generic_ivar(obj);
+    }
+
+    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_STRING:
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RSTRING_FSTR)) {
+            rb_gc_free_fstring(obj);
+        }
+        break;
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+        rb_gc_free_dsymbol(obj);
+        break;
+      case T_IMEMO:
+        switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
+          case imemo_callinfo:
+            rb_vm_ci_free((const struct rb_callinfo *)obj);
+            break;
+          case imemo_ment:
+            rb_free_method_entry_vm_weak_references((const rb_method_entry_t *)obj);
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     ObjectSpace._id2ref(object_id) -> an_object
@@ -1769,19 +2379,16 @@ rb_gc_pointer_to_heap_p(VALUE obj)
  *
  *  On multi-ractor mode, if the object is not shareable, it raises
  *  RangeError.
+ *
+ *  This method is deprecated and should no longer be used.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 id2ref(VALUE objid)
 {
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
-#define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULONG(x)
-#elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
-#define NUM2PTR(x) NUM2ULL(x)
-#endif
     objid = rb_to_int(objid);
     if (FIXNUM_P(objid) || rb_big_size(objid) <= SIZEOF_VOIDP) {
-        VALUE ptr = NUM2PTR(objid);
+        VALUE ptr = (VALUE)NUM2PTR(objid);
         if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(ptr)) {
             if (ptr == Qtrue) return Qtrue;
             if (ptr == Qfalse) return Qfalse;
@@ -1795,20 +2402,20 @@ id2ref(VALUE objid)
                     return ptr;
                 }
                 else {
-                    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%p is not symbol id value", (void *)ptr);
+                    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%p is not a symbol id value", (void *)ptr);
                 }
             }
 
-            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is not id value", rb_int2str(objid, 10));
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is not an id value", rb_int2str(objid, 10));
         }
     }
 
-    VALUE obj = rb_gc_impl_object_id_to_ref(rb_gc_get_objspace(), objid);
+    VALUE obj = object_id_to_ref(rb_gc_get_objspace(), objid);
     if (!rb_multi_ractor_p() || rb_ractor_shareable_p(obj)) {
         return obj;
     }
     else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is id of the unshareable object on multi-ractor", rb_int2str(objid, 10));
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is the id of an unshareable object on multi-ractor", rb_int2str(objid, 10));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1816,11 +2423,12 @@ id2ref(VALUE objid)
 static VALUE
 os_id2ref(VALUE os, VALUE objid)
 {
+    rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED, "ObjectSpace._id2ref is deprecated");
     return id2ref(objid);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_find_object_id(void *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE (*get_heap_object_id)(void *, VALUE))
+rb_find_object_id(void *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE (*get_heap_object_id)(VALUE))
 {
     if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
 #if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
@@ -1830,11 +2438,11 @@ rb_find_object_id(void *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE (*get_heap_object_id)(void *,
 #endif
     }
 
-    return get_heap_object_id(objspace, obj);
+    return get_heap_object_id(obj);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-nonspecial_obj_id(void *_objspace, VALUE obj)
+nonspecial_obj_id(VALUE obj)
 {
 #if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
     return (VALUE)((SIGNED_VALUE)(obj)|FIXNUM_FLAG);
@@ -1885,25 +2493,79 @@ rb_obj_id(VALUE obj)
      * Otherwise, the object ID is a Numeric that is a non-zero multiple of
      * (RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK + 1) which guarantees that it does not collide with
      * any immediates. */
-    return rb_find_object_id(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj, rb_gc_impl_object_id);
+    return rb_find_object_id(rb_gc_get_objspace(), obj, object_id);
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-cc_table_memsize_i(VALUE ccs_ptr, void *data_ptr)
+bool
+rb_obj_id_p(VALUE obj)
 {
-    size_t *total_size = data_ptr;
-    struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs = (struct rb_class_cc_entries *)ccs_ptr;
-    *total_size += sizeof(*ccs);
-    *total_size += sizeof(ccs->entries[0]) * ccs->capa;
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+    return !RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_IMEMO) && rb_obj_shape_has_id(obj);
 }
 
-static size_t
-cc_table_memsize(struct rb_id_table *cc_table)
+/*
+ * GC implementations should call this function before the GC phase that updates references
+ * embedded in the machine code generated by JIT compilers.  JIT compilers usually enforce the
+ * "W^X" policy and protect the code memory from being modified during execution.  This function
+ * makes the code memory writeable.
+ */
+void
+rb_gc_before_updating_jit_code(void)
+{
+#if USE_YJIT
+    rb_yjit_mark_all_writeable();
+#endif
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    rb_zjit_mark_all_writable();
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * GC implementations should call this function before the GC phase that updates references
+ * embedded in the machine code generated by JIT compilers.  This function makes the code memory
+ * executable again.
+ */
+void
+rb_gc_after_updating_jit_code(void)
+{
+#if USE_YJIT
+    rb_yjit_mark_all_executable();
+#endif
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    rb_zjit_mark_all_executable();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+classext_memsize(rb_classext_t *ext, bool prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
 {
-    size_t total = rb_id_table_memsize(cc_table);
-    rb_id_table_foreach_values(cc_table, cc_table_memsize_i, &total);
-    return total;
+    size_t *size = (size_t *)arg;
+    size_t s = 0;
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext)) {
+        s += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+    if (RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext)) {
+        s += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext));
+    }
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext)) {
+        s += (RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext) + 1) * sizeof(VALUE);
+    }
+    if (!prime) {
+        s += sizeof(rb_classext_t);
+    }
+    *size += s;
+}
+
+static void
+classext_superclasses_memsize(rb_classext_t *ext, bool prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
+{
+    size_t *size = (size_t *)arg;
+    size_t array_size;
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext)) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(prime);
+        array_size = RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext) + 1;
+        *size += array_size * sizeof(VALUE);
+    }
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -1915,38 +2577,21 @@ rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE obj)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
-        size += rb_generic_ivar_memsize(obj);
-    }
-
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_OBJECT:
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            size += rb_st_memsize(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj));
-        }
-        else if (!(RBASIC(obj)->flags & ROBJECT_EMBED)) {
-            size += ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY(obj) * sizeof(VALUE);
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_HEAP)) {
+            if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+                size += rb_st_memsize(ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(obj));
+            }
+            else {
+                size += ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj) * sizeof(VALUE);
+            }
         }
         break;
       case T_MODULE:
       case T_CLASS:
-        if (RCLASS_M_TBL(obj)) {
-            size += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        // class IV sizes are allocated as powers of two
-        size += SIZEOF_VALUE << bit_length(RCLASS_IV_COUNT(obj));
-        if (RCLASS_CVC_TBL(obj)) {
-            size += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASS_CVC_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        if (RCLASS_EXT(obj)->const_tbl) {
-            size += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASS_EXT(obj)->const_tbl);
-        }
-        if (RCLASS_CC_TBL(obj)) {
-            size += cc_table_memsize(RCLASS_CC_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF)) {
-            size += (RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(obj) + 1) * sizeof(VALUE);
-        }
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, classext_memsize, (void *)&size);
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, classext_superclasses_memsize, (void *)&size);
         break;
       case T_ICLASS:
         if (RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(obj)) {
@@ -1954,9 +2599,6 @@ rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE obj)
                 size += rb_id_table_memsize(RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
             }
         }
-        if (RCLASS_CC_TBL(obj)) {
-            size += cc_table_memsize(RCLASS_CC_TBL(obj));
-        }
         break;
       case T_STRING:
         size += rb_str_memsize(obj);
@@ -1981,8 +2623,10 @@ rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE obj)
         break;
       case T_MATCH:
         {
-            rb_matchext_t *rm = RMATCH_EXT(obj);
-            size += onig_region_memsize(&rm->regs);
+            struct RMatch *rm = RMATCH(obj);
+            if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RMATCH_ONIG)) {
+                size += onig_region_memsize(&rm->as.onig);
+            }
             size += sizeof(struct rmatch_offset) * rm->char_offset_num_allocated;
         }
         break;
@@ -2013,9 +2657,8 @@ rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE obj)
         break;
 
       case T_STRUCT:
-        if ((RBASIC(obj)->flags & RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_MASK) == 0 &&
-            RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.ptr) {
-            size += sizeof(VALUE) * RSTRUCT_LEN(obj);
+        if (RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(obj) == 0) {
+            size += sizeof(VALUE) * RSTRUCT_LEN_RAW(obj);
         }
         break;
 
@@ -2063,34 +2706,39 @@ count_objects_i(VALUE obj, void *d)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ObjectSpace.count_objects([result_hash]) -> hash
+ *     ObjectSpace.count_objects(result_hash = {}) -> hash
+ *
+ *  Counts the number of objects, grouped by type.
  *
- *  Counts all objects grouped by type.
+ *  It returns a hash that looks like:
  *
- *  It returns a hash, such as:
- *	{
- *	  :TOTAL=>10000,
- *	  :FREE=>3011,
- *	  :T_OBJECT=>6,
- *	  :T_CLASS=>404,
- *	  # ...
- *	}
+ *    {
+ *      TOTAL: 10000,
+ *      FREE: 3011,
+ *      T_OBJECT: 6,
+ *      T_CLASS: 404,
+ *      # ...
+ *    }
  *
- *  The contents of the returned hash are implementation specific.
- *  It may be changed in future.
+ *  The contents of the returned hash are implementation specific and
+ *  may be changed in future versions without notice.
  *
- *  The keys starting with +:T_+ means live objects.
+ *  The keys starting with +:T_+ are live objects of a particular type.
  *  For example, +:T_ARRAY+ is the number of arrays.
- *  +:FREE+ means object slots which is not used now.
- *  +:TOTAL+ means sum of above.
+ *
+ *  The key +:FREE+ is the number of object slots which are empty.
+ *
+ *  The key +:TOTAL+ is the total number of slots (which is the sum of
+ *  all of the other values).
  *
  *  If the optional argument +result_hash+ is given,
- *  it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
+ *  it is overwritten and returned.
+ *  This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
  *
  *    h = {}
  *    ObjectSpace.count_objects(h)
  *    puts h
- *    # => { :TOTAL=>10000, :T_CLASS=>158280, :T_MODULE=>20672, :T_STRING=>527249 }
+ *    # => { TOTAL: 10000, T_CLASS: 158280, T_MODULE: 20672, T_STRING: 527249 }
  *
  *  This method is only expected to work on C Ruby.
  *
@@ -2101,6 +2749,7 @@ count_objects(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
 {
     struct count_objects_data data = { 0 };
     VALUE hash = Qnil;
+    VALUE types[T_MASK + 1];
 
     if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 1) {
         hash = argv[0];
@@ -2108,6 +2757,17 @@ count_objects(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "non-hash given");
     }
 
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= T_MASK; i++) {
+        // type_sym can allocate an object,
+        // so we need to create all key symbols in advance
+        // not to disturb the result
+        types[i] = type_sym(i);
+    }
+
+    // Same as type_sym, we need to create all key symbols in advance
+    VALUE total = ID2SYM(rb_intern("TOTAL"));
+    VALUE free = ID2SYM(rb_intern("FREE"));
+
     rb_gc_impl_each_object(rb_gc_get_objspace(), count_objects_i, &data);
 
     if (NIL_P(hash)) {
@@ -2116,13 +2776,13 @@ count_objects(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE os)
     else if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
         rb_hash_stlike_foreach(hash, set_zero, hash);
     }
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("TOTAL")), SIZET2NUM(data.total));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("FREE")), SIZET2NUM(data.freed));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, total, SIZET2NUM(data.total));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, free, SIZET2NUM(data.freed));
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i <= T_MASK; i++) {
-        VALUE type = type_sym(i);
-        if (data.counts[i])
-            rb_hash_aset(hash, type, SIZET2NUM(data.counts[i]));
+        if (data.counts[i]) {
+            rb_hash_aset(hash, types[i], SIZET2NUM(data.counts[i]));
+        }
     }
 
     return hash;
@@ -2266,29 +2926,6 @@ rb_gc_mark_maybe(VALUE obj)
     gc_mark_maybe_internal(obj);
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_mark_weak(VALUE *ptr)
-{
-    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(*ptr)) return;
-
-    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
-    void *objspace = vm->gc.objspace;
-    if (LIKELY(vm->gc.mark_func_data == NULL)) {
-        GC_ASSERT(rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(objspace));
-
-        rb_gc_impl_mark_weak(objspace, ptr);
-    }
-    else {
-        GC_ASSERT(!rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(objspace));
-    }
-}
-
-void
-rb_gc_remove_weak(VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr)
-{
-    rb_gc_impl_remove_weak(rb_gc_get_objspace(), parent_obj, ptr);
-}
-
 ATTRIBUTE_NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS(static void each_location(register const VALUE *x, register long n, void (*cb)(VALUE, void *), void *data));
 static void
 each_location(register const VALUE *x, register long n, void (*cb)(VALUE, void *), void *data)
@@ -2416,6 +3053,25 @@ mark_m_tbl(void *objspace, struct rb_id_table *tbl)
     }
 }
 
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+mark_const_entry_i(VALUE value, void *objspace)
+{
+    const rb_const_entry_t *ce = (const rb_const_entry_t *)value;
+
+    if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+        gc_mark_internal(ce->value);
+        gc_mark_internal(ce->file); // TODO: ce->file should be shareable?
+    }
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+mark_const_tbl(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct rb_id_table *tbl)
+{
+    if (!tbl) return;
+    rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, mark_const_entry_i, objspace);
+}
+
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
 #define GET_STACK_BOUNDS(start, end, appendix) ((start) = STACK_END, (end) = STACK_START)
 #elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
@@ -2446,6 +3102,16 @@ gc_mark_machine_stack_location_maybe(VALUE obj, void *data)
 #endif
 }
 
+static bool
+gc_object_moved_p_internal(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, obj);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 gc_location_internal(void *objspace, VALUE value)
 {
@@ -2578,26 +3244,12 @@ rb_mark_tbl_no_pin(st_table *tbl)
     gc_mark_tbl_no_pin(tbl);
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-mark_cvc_tbl_i(VALUE cvc_entry, void *objspace)
+void
+rb_gc_mark_set_no_pin(st_table *tbl)
 {
-    struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *entry;
-
-    entry = (struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *)cvc_entry;
-
-    RUBY_ASSERT(entry->cref == 0 || (BUILTIN_TYPE((VALUE)entry->cref) == T_IMEMO && IMEMO_TYPE_P(entry->cref, imemo_cref)));
-    gc_mark_internal((VALUE)entry->cref);
+    if (!tbl || tbl->num_entries == 0) return;
 
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-static void
-mark_cvc_tbl(void *objspace, VALUE klass)
-{
-    struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(klass);
-    if (tbl) {
-        rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, mark_cvc_tbl_i, objspace);
-    }
+    st_foreach(tbl, gc_mark_set_no_pin_i, 0);
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -2606,21 +3258,23 @@ gc_declarative_marking_p(const rb_data_type_t *type)
     return (type->flags & RUBY_TYPED_DECL_MARKING) != 0;
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-mark_const_table_i(VALUE value, void *objspace)
+rb_execution_context_t *
+rb_gc_get_ec(void)
 {
-    const rb_const_entry_t *ce = (const rb_const_entry_t *)value;
-
-    gc_mark_internal(ce->value);
-    gc_mark_internal(ce->file);
+    void *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+    if (RB_LIKELY(rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(objspace))) {
+        return rb_gc_impl_get_vm_context(objspace)->ec;
+    }
+    else {
+        return GET_EC();
+    }
 }
 
 void
 rb_gc_mark_roots(void *objspace, const char **categoryp)
 {
-    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = rb_gc_get_ec();
     rb_vm_t *vm = rb_ec_vm_ptr(ec);
 
 #define MARK_CHECKPOINT(category) do { \
@@ -2629,7 +3283,6 @@ rb_gc_mark_roots(void *objspace, const char **categoryp)
 
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("vm");
     rb_vm_mark(vm);
-    if (vm->self) gc_mark_internal(vm->self);
 
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("end_proc");
     rb_mark_end_proc();
@@ -2646,34 +3299,102 @@ rb_gc_mark_roots(void *objspace, const char **categoryp)
     }
 #endif
 
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    void rb_zjit_root_mark(void);
+    if (rb_zjit_enabled_p) {
+        MARK_CHECKPOINT("ZJIT");
+        rb_zjit_root_mark();
+    }
+#endif
+
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("machine_context");
     mark_current_machine_context(ec);
 
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("global_symbols");
-    rb_sym_global_symbols_mark();
+    rb_sym_global_symbols_mark_and_move();
 
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("finish");
 
 #undef MARK_CHECKPOINT
 }
 
-#define TYPED_DATA_REFS_OFFSET_LIST(d) (size_t *)(uintptr_t)RTYPEDDATA(d)->type->function.dmark
+struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg {
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace;
+    VALUE obj;
+};
+
+static void
+gc_mark_classext_module(rb_classext_t *ext, bool prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
+{
+    struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg *foreach_arg = (struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg *)arg;
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = foreach_arg->objspace;
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext)) {
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext));
+    }
+    mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+
+    if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+        // unshareable
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_FIELDS_OBJ(ext));
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext));
+    }
+
+    if (!RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) && RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext)) {
+        mark_const_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext));
+    }
+    mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext));
+    gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext));
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext)) {
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext));
+    }
+    gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext));
+}
+
+static void
+gc_mark_classext_iclass(rb_classext_t *ext, bool prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
+{
+    struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg *foreach_arg = (struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg *)arg;
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = foreach_arg->objspace;
+
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext)) {
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext));
+    }
+    if (RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) && !RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext)) {
+        mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+    }
+    if (RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(ext)) {
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(ext));
+    }
+    mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext));
+    gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext));
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext)) {
+        gc_mark_internal(RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext));
+    }
+}
+
+#define TYPED_DATA_REFS_OFFSET_LIST(d) (size_t *)(uintptr_t)RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(d)->function.dmark
+
+void
+rb_gc_move_obj_during_marking(VALUE from, VALUE to)
+{
+    if (rb_obj_using_gen_fields_table_p(to)) {
+        rb_mark_generic_ivar(from);
+    }
+}
 
 void
 rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
+    struct gc_mark_classext_foreach_arg foreach_args;
+
+    if (rb_obj_using_gen_fields_table_p(obj)) {
         rb_mark_generic_ivar(obj);
     }
 
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_FLOAT:
       case T_BIGNUM:
-      case T_SYMBOL:
-        /* Not immediates, but does not have references and singleton class.
-         *
-         * RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr intentionally not marked. See log for 96815f1e
-         * ("symbol.c: remove rb_gc_mark_symbols()") */
         return;
 
       case T_NIL:
@@ -2697,47 +3418,27 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_CLASS:
-        if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, FL_SINGLETON) &&
+            !rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
             gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(obj));
         }
         // Continue to the shared T_CLASS/T_MODULE
       case T_MODULE:
-        if (RCLASS_SUPER(obj)) {
-            gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_SUPER(obj));
+        foreach_args.objspace = objspace;
+        foreach_args.obj = obj;
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, gc_mark_classext_module, (void *)&foreach_args);
+        if (BOX_USER_P(RCLASS_PRIME_BOX(obj))) {
+            gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_PRIME_BOX(obj)->box_object);
         }
-
-        mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        mark_cvc_tbl(objspace, obj);
-        rb_cc_table_mark(obj);
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            gc_mark_tbl_no_pin((st_table *)RCLASS_IVPTR(obj));
-        }
-        else {
-            for (attr_index_t i = 0; i < RCLASS_IV_COUNT(obj); i++) {
-                gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_IVPTR(obj)[i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj)) {
-            rb_id_table_foreach_values(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj), mark_const_table_i, objspace);
-        }
-
-        gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_EXT(obj)->classpath);
         break;
 
       case T_ICLASS:
-        if (RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(obj)) {
-            mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
+        foreach_args.objspace = objspace;
+        foreach_args.obj = obj;
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, gc_mark_classext_iclass, (void *)&foreach_args);
+        if (BOX_USER_P(RCLASS_PRIME_BOX(obj))) {
+            gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_PRIME_BOX(obj)->box_object);
         }
-        if (RCLASS_SUPER(obj)) {
-            gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_SUPER(obj));
-        }
-
-        if (RCLASS_INCLUDER(obj)) {
-            gc_mark_internal(RCLASS_INCLUDER(obj));
-        }
-        mark_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(obj));
-        rb_cc_table_mark(obj);
         break;
 
       case T_ARRAY:
@@ -2758,6 +3459,10 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
         mark_hash(obj);
         break;
 
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+        gc_mark_internal(RSYMBOL(obj)->fstr);
+        break;
+
       case T_STRING:
         if (STR_SHARED_P(obj)) {
             if (STR_EMBED_P(RSTRING(obj)->as.heap.aux.shared)) {
@@ -2774,10 +3479,12 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
         break;
 
       case T_DATA: {
-        void *const ptr = RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) ? RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj) : DATA_PTR(obj);
+        void *const ptr = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
+
+        gc_mark_internal(RTYPEDDATA(obj)->fields_obj);
 
         if (ptr) {
-            if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) && gc_declarative_marking_p(RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type)) {
+            if (gc_declarative_marking_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj))) {
                 size_t *offset_list = TYPED_DATA_REFS_OFFSET_LIST(obj);
 
                 for (size_t offset = *offset_list; offset != RUBY_REF_END; offset = *offset_list++) {
@@ -2785,9 +3492,7 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
                 }
             }
             else {
-                RUBY_DATA_FUNC mark_func = RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) ?
-                    RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type->function.dmark :
-                    RDATA(obj)->dmark;
+                RUBY_DATA_FUNC mark_func = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->function.dmark;
                 if (mark_func) (*mark_func)(ptr);
             }
         }
@@ -2796,30 +3501,19 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
       }
 
       case T_OBJECT: {
-        rb_shape_t *shape = rb_shape_get_shape_by_id(ROBJECT_SHAPE_ID(obj));
-
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            gc_mark_tbl_no_pin(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj));
+        uint32_t len;
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+            gc_mark_tbl_no_pin(ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(obj));
+            len = ROBJECT_FIELDS_COUNT_COMPLEX(obj);
         }
         else {
-            const VALUE * const ptr = ROBJECT_IVPTR(obj);
+            const VALUE * const ptr = ROBJECT_FIELDS(obj);
 
-            uint32_t len = ROBJECT_IV_COUNT(obj);
+            len = ROBJECT_FIELDS_COUNT_NOT_COMPLEX(obj);
             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                 gc_mark_internal(ptr[i]);
             }
         }
-
-        if (shape) {
-            VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(obj);
-
-            // Increment max_iv_count if applicable, used to determine size pool allocation
-            attr_index_t num_of_ivs = shape->next_iv_index;
-            if (RCLASS_EXT(klass)->max_iv_count < num_of_ivs) {
-                RCLASS_EXT(klass)->max_iv_count = num_of_ivs;
-            }
-        }
-
         break;
       }
 
@@ -2833,6 +3527,7 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
             gc_mark_internal(RFILE(obj)->fptr->encs.ecopts);
             gc_mark_internal(RFILE(obj)->fptr->write_lock);
             gc_mark_internal(RFILE(obj)->fptr->timeout);
+            gc_mark_internal(RFILE(obj)->fptr->wakeup_mutex);
         }
         break;
 
@@ -2865,6 +3560,10 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
             gc_mark_internal(ptr[i]);
         }
 
+        if (rb_obj_shape_has_fields(obj) && !FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS)) {
+            gc_mark_internal(RSTRUCT_FIELDS_OBJ(obj));
+        }
+
         break;
       }
 
@@ -2874,7 +3573,7 @@ rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
         if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_ZOMBIE) rb_bug("rb_gc_mark(): %p is T_ZOMBIE", (void *)obj);
         rb_bug("rb_gc_mark(): unknown data type 0x%x(%p) %s",
                BUILTIN_TYPE(obj), (void *)obj,
-               rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), (void *)obj) ? "corrupted object" : "non object");
+               rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(objspace, (void *)obj) ? "corrupted object" : "non object");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2883,21 +3582,48 @@ rb_gc_obj_optimal_size(VALUE obj)
 {
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_ARRAY:
-        return rb_ary_size_as_embedded(obj);
+        {
+            size_t size = rb_ary_size_as_embedded(obj);
+            if (rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size)) {
+                return size;
+            }
+            else {
+                return sizeof(struct RArray);
+            }
+        }
 
       case T_OBJECT:
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
             return sizeof(struct RObject);
         }
         else {
-            return rb_obj_embedded_size(ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY(obj));
+            size_t size = rb_obj_embedded_size(ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj));
+            if (rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size)) {
+                return size;
+            }
+            else {
+                return sizeof(struct RObject);
+            }
         }
 
       case T_STRING:
-        return rb_str_size_as_embedded(obj);
+        {
+            size_t size = rb_str_size_as_embedded(obj);
+            if (rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size)) {
+                return size;
+            }
+            else {
+                return sizeof(struct RString);
+            }
+        }
 
       case T_HASH:
-        return sizeof(struct RHash) + (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(obj) ? sizeof(st_table) : sizeof(ar_table));
+        {
+            if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(obj) && RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(obj)) {
+                return sizeof(struct RHash) + offsetof(ar_table, pairs) + RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(obj) * sizeof(ar_table_pair);
+            }
+            return sizeof(struct RHash) + (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(obj) ? sizeof(st_table) : sizeof(ar_table));
+        }
 
       default:
         return 0;
@@ -2931,14 +3657,11 @@ rb_gc_copy_attributes(VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
     rb_gc_impl_copy_attributes(rb_gc_get_objspace(), dest, obj);
 }
 
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 int
 rb_gc_modular_gc_loaded_p(void)
 {
-#if USE_MODULAR_GC
     return rb_gc_functions.modular_gc_loaded_p;
-#else
-    return false;
-#endif
 }
 
 const char *
@@ -2954,6 +3677,7 @@ rb_gc_active_gc_name(void)
 
     return gc_name;
 }
+#endif
 
 struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *
 rb_gc_object_metadata(VALUE obj)
@@ -2991,10 +3715,15 @@ rb_gc_register_address(VALUE *addr)
 
     VALUE obj = *addr;
 
-    struct global_object_list *tmp = ALLOC(struct global_object_list);
-    tmp->next = vm->global_object_list;
-    tmp->varptr = addr;
-    vm->global_object_list = tmp;
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        if (vm->global_object_list_size == vm->global_object_list_capa) {
+            size_t new_capa = vm->global_object_list_capa ? vm->global_object_list_capa * 2 : 64;
+            SIZED_REALLOC_N(vm->global_object_list, VALUE *, new_capa, vm->global_object_list_capa);
+            vm->global_object_list_capa = new_capa;
+        }
+
+        vm->global_object_list[vm->global_object_list_size++] = addr;
+    }
 
     /*
      * Because some C extensions have assignment-then-register bugs,
@@ -3012,22 +3741,20 @@ void
 rb_gc_unregister_address(VALUE *addr)
 {
     rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
-    struct global_object_list *tmp = vm->global_object_list;
-
-    if (tmp->varptr == addr) {
-        vm->global_object_list = tmp->next;
-        xfree(tmp);
-        return;
-    }
-    while (tmp->next) {
-        if (tmp->next->varptr == addr) {
-            struct global_object_list *t = tmp->next;
-
-            tmp->next = tmp->next->next;
-            xfree(t);
-            break;
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        size_t index;
+        for (index = 0; index < vm->global_object_list_size; index++) {
+            if (addr == vm->global_object_list[index]) {
+                MEMMOVE(
+                    vm->global_object_list[index],
+                    &vm->global_object_list[index + 1],
+                    VALUE *,
+                    vm->global_object_list_size - index - 1
+                );
+                vm->global_object_list_size--;
+                break;
+            }
         }
-        tmp = tmp->next;
     }
 }
 
@@ -3126,24 +3853,26 @@ gc_ref_update_array(void *objspace, VALUE v)
 static void
 gc_ref_update_object(void *objspace, VALUE v)
 {
-    VALUE *ptr = ROBJECT_IVPTR(v);
+    VALUE *ptr = ROBJECT_FIELDS(v);
 
-    if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(v)) {
-        gc_ref_update_table_values_only(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(v));
-        return;
-    }
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW(v, ROBJECT_HEAP)) {
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(v)) {
+            gc_ref_update_table_values_only(ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(v));
+            return;
+        }
 
-    size_t slot_size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(v);
-    size_t embed_size = rb_obj_embedded_size(ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY(v));
-    if (slot_size >= embed_size && !RB_FL_TEST_RAW(v, ROBJECT_EMBED)) {
-        // Object can be re-embedded
-        memcpy(ROBJECT(v)->as.ary, ptr, sizeof(VALUE) * ROBJECT_IV_COUNT(v));
-        RB_FL_SET_RAW(v, ROBJECT_EMBED);
-        xfree(ptr);
-        ptr = ROBJECT(v)->as.ary;
+        size_t slot_size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(v);
+        size_t embed_size = rb_obj_embedded_size(ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(v));
+        if (slot_size >= embed_size) {
+            // Object can be re-embedded
+            memcpy(ROBJECT(v)->as.ary, ptr, sizeof(VALUE) * ROBJECT_FIELDS_COUNT(v));
+            SIZED_FREE_N(ptr, ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(v));
+            FL_UNSET_RAW(v, ROBJECT_HEAP);
+            ptr = ROBJECT(v)->as.ary;
+        }
     }
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ROBJECT_IV_COUNT(v); i++) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ROBJECT_FIELDS_COUNT(v); i++) {
         UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ptr[i]);
     }
 }
@@ -3161,6 +3890,36 @@ rb_gc_update_tbl_refs(st_table *ptr)
     gc_update_table_refs(ptr);
 }
 
+static int
+rb_gc_update_set_refs_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
+{
+    if (rb_gc_location((VALUE)key) != (VALUE)key) {
+        return ST_REPLACE;
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+rb_gc_update_set_refs_replace_i(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t argp, int existing)
+{
+    if (rb_gc_location((VALUE)*key) != (VALUE)*key) {
+        *key = rb_gc_location((VALUE)*key);
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_update_set_refs(st_table *tbl)
+{
+    if (!tbl || tbl->num_entries == 0) return;
+
+    if (st_foreach_with_replace(tbl, rb_gc_update_set_refs_i, rb_gc_update_set_refs_replace_i, 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "hash modified during iteration");
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 gc_ref_update_hash(void *objspace, VALUE v)
 {
@@ -3186,7 +3945,7 @@ check_id_table_move(VALUE value, void *data)
 {
     void *objspace = (void *)data;
 
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, (VALUE)value)) {
+    if (gc_object_moved_p_internal(objspace, (VALUE)value)) {
         return ID_TABLE_REPLACE;
     }
 
@@ -3230,7 +3989,7 @@ update_id_table(VALUE *value, void *data, int existing)
 {
     void *objspace = (void *)data;
 
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, (VALUE)*value)) {
+    if (gc_object_moved_p_internal(objspace, (VALUE)*value)) {
         *value = gc_location_internal(objspace, (VALUE)*value);
     }
 
@@ -3246,112 +4005,95 @@ update_m_tbl(void *objspace, struct rb_id_table *tbl)
 }
 
 static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-update_cc_tbl_i(VALUE ccs_ptr, void *objspace)
+update_const_tbl_i(VALUE value, void *objspace)
 {
-    struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs = (struct rb_class_cc_entries *)ccs_ptr;
-    VM_ASSERT(vm_ccs_p(ccs));
+    rb_const_entry_t *ce = (rb_const_entry_t *)value;
 
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, (VALUE)ccs->cme)) {
-        ccs->cme = (const rb_callable_method_entry_t *)gc_location_internal(objspace, (VALUE)ccs->cme);
+    if (gc_object_moved_p_internal(objspace, ce->value)) {
+        ce->value = gc_location_internal(objspace, ce->value);
     }
 
-    for (int i=0; i<ccs->len; i++) {
-        if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, (VALUE)ccs->entries[i].cc)) {
-            ccs->entries[i].cc = (struct rb_callcache *)gc_location_internal(objspace, (VALUE)ccs->entries[i].cc);
-        }
+    if (gc_object_moved_p_internal(objspace, ce->file)) {
+        ce->file = gc_location_internal(objspace, ce->file);
     }
 
-    // do not replace
     return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static void
-update_cc_tbl(void *objspace, VALUE klass)
+update_const_tbl(void *objspace, struct rb_id_table *tbl)
 {
-    struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
-    if (tbl) {
-        rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, update_cc_tbl_i, objspace);
-    }
+    if (!tbl) return;
+    rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, update_const_tbl_i, objspace);
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-update_cvc_tbl_i(VALUE cvc_entry, void *objspace)
+static void
+update_superclasses(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_classext_t *ext)
 {
-    struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *entry;
-
-    entry = (struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *)cvc_entry;
-
-    if (entry->cref) {
-        TYPED_UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, rb_cref_t *, entry->cref);
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext)) {
+        size_t array_size = RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext) + 1;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
+            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES(ext)[i]);
+        }
     }
-
-    entry->class_value = gc_location_internal(objspace, entry->class_value);
-
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static void
-update_cvc_tbl(void *objspace, VALUE klass)
+update_classext_values(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_iclass)
 {
-    struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_CVC_TBL(klass);
-    if (tbl) {
-        rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, update_cvc_tbl_i, objspace);
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(ext));
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_REFINED_CLASS(ext));
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext));
+    if (is_iclass) {
+        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(ext));
     }
 }
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-update_const_table(VALUE value, void *objspace)
+static void
+update_classext(rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
 {
-    rb_const_entry_t *ce = (rb_const_entry_t *)value;
+    struct classext_foreach_args *args = (struct classext_foreach_args *)arg;
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = args->objspace;
 
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, ce->value)) {
-        ce->value = gc_location_internal(objspace, ce->value);
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext)) {
+        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext));
     }
 
-    if (rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(objspace, ce->file)) {
-        ce->file = gc_location_internal(objspace, ce->file);
+    update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ext->fields_obj);
+    if (!RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext)) {
+        update_const_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext));
+    }
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext));
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext));
+    update_superclasses(objspace, ext);
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext)) {
+        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext));
     }
 
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+    update_classext_values(objspace, ext, false);
 }
 
 static void
-update_const_tbl(void *objspace, struct rb_id_table *tbl)
+update_iclass_classext(rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg)
 {
-    if (!tbl) return;
-    rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, update_const_table, objspace);
-}
+    struct classext_foreach_args *args = (struct classext_foreach_args *)arg;
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = args->objspace;
 
-static void
-update_subclass_entries(void *objspace, rb_subclass_entry_t *entry)
-{
-    while (entry) {
-        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, entry->klass);
-        entry = entry->next;
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext)) {
+        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext));
     }
-}
-
-static void
-update_class_ext(void *objspace, rb_classext_t *ext)
-{
-    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ext->origin_);
-    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ext->includer);
-    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ext->refined_class);
-    update_subclass_entries(objspace, ext->subclasses);
-}
-
-static void
-update_superclasses(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF)) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(obj) + 1; i++) {
-            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(obj)[i]);
-        }
+    update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext));
+    update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext));
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext));
+    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext));
+    if (RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext)) {
+        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext));
     }
-}
 
-extern rb_symbols_t ruby_global_symbols;
-#define global_symbols ruby_global_symbols
+    update_classext_values(objspace, ext, true);
+}
 
 struct global_vm_table_foreach_data {
     vm_table_foreach_callback_func callback;
@@ -3393,146 +4135,130 @@ vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_
 }
 
 static int
-vm_weak_table_str_sym_foreach(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data, int error)
+vm_weak_table_sym_set_foreach(VALUE *sym_ptr, void *data)
 {
+    VALUE sym = *sym_ptr;
     struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
 
-    if (!iter_data->weak_only) {
-        int ret = iter_data->callback((VALUE)key, iter_data->data);
-        if (ret != ST_CONTINUE) return ret;
-    }
-
-    if (STATIC_SYM_P(value)) {
-        return ST_CONTINUE;
-    }
-    else {
-        return iter_data->callback((VALUE)value, iter_data->data);
-    }
-}
+    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(sym)) return ST_CONTINUE;
 
-static int
-vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_value(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t data, int existing)
-{
-    struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
+    int ret = iter_data->callback(sym, iter_data->data);
 
-    if (!iter_data->weak_only) {
-        int ret = iter_data->update_callback((VALUE *)key, iter_data->data);
-        if (ret != ST_CONTINUE) return ret;
+    if (ret == ST_REPLACE) {
+        ret = iter_data->update_callback(sym_ptr, iter_data->data);
     }
 
-    return iter_data->update_callback((VALUE *)value, iter_data->data);
+    return ret;
 }
 
-static void
-free_gen_ivtbl(VALUE obj, struct gen_ivtbl *ivtbl)
-{
-    if (UNLIKELY(rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj))) {
-        st_free_table(ivtbl->as.complex.table);
-    }
-
-    xfree(ivtbl);
-}
+struct st_table *rb_generic_fields_tbl_get(void);
 
 static int
-vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach_too_complex_i(st_data_t _key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data, int error)
+vm_weak_table_id2ref_foreach(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data, int error)
 {
     struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
 
-    GC_ASSERT(!iter_data->weak_only);
-
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P((VALUE)value)) return ST_CONTINUE;
+    if (!iter_data->weak_only && !FIXNUM_P((VALUE)key)) {
+        int ret = iter_data->callback((VALUE)key, iter_data->data);
+        if (ret != ST_CONTINUE) return ret;
+    }
 
     return iter_data->callback((VALUE)value, iter_data->data);
 }
 
 static int
-vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach_too_complex_replace_i(st_data_t *_key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t data, int existing)
+vm_weak_table_id2ref_foreach_update(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t data, int existing)
 {
     struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
 
-    GC_ASSERT(!iter_data->weak_only);
+    iter_data->update_callback((VALUE *)value, iter_data->data);
 
-    return iter_data->update_callback((VALUE *)value, iter_data->data);
-}
+    if (!iter_data->weak_only && !FIXNUM_P((VALUE)*key)) {
+        iter_data->update_callback((VALUE *)key, iter_data->data);
+    }
 
-struct st_table *rb_generic_ivtbl_get(void);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
 
 static int
-vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+vm_weak_table_gen_fields_foreach(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
 {
     struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
 
     int ret = iter_data->callback((VALUE)key, iter_data->data);
 
+    VALUE new_value = (VALUE)value;
+    VALUE new_key = (VALUE)key;
+
     switch (ret) {
       case ST_CONTINUE:
         break;
 
       case ST_DELETE:
-        free_gen_ivtbl((VALUE)key, (struct gen_ivtbl *)value);
-
-        FL_UNSET((VALUE)key, FL_EXIVAR);
+        // When we're removing an object from the weak ref table, we need to
+        // set the shape on it so that the GC finalizer won't try to remove
+        // it again.  A "root shape" indicates to the GC that this object
+        // has no fields on it, hence it won't be in the gen fields table.
+        RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID((VALUE)key, ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER);
         return ST_DELETE;
 
       case ST_REPLACE: {
-        VALUE new_key = (VALUE)key;
         ret = iter_data->update_callback(&new_key, iter_data->data);
-        if (key != new_key) ret = ST_DELETE;
-        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_START();
-        {
-            st_insert(rb_generic_ivtbl_get(), (st_data_t)new_key, value);
+        if (key != new_key) {
+            ret = ST_DELETE;
         }
-        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_END();
-        key = (st_data_t)new_key;
         break;
       }
 
       default:
-        return ret;
+        rb_bug("vm_weak_table_gen_fields_foreach: return value %d not supported", ret);
     }
 
     if (!iter_data->weak_only) {
-        struct gen_ivtbl *ivtbl = (struct gen_ivtbl *)value;
+        int ivar_ret = iter_data->callback(new_value, iter_data->data);
+        switch (ivar_ret) {
+          case ST_CONTINUE:
+            break;
 
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex((VALUE)key)) {
-            st_foreach_with_replace(
-                ivtbl->as.complex.table,
-                vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach_too_complex_i,
-                vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach_too_complex_replace_i,
-                data
-            );
+          case ST_REPLACE:
+            iter_data->update_callback(&new_value, iter_data->data);
+            break;
+
+          default:
+            rb_bug("vm_weak_table_gen_fields_foreach: return value %d not supported", ivar_ret);
         }
-        else {
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ivtbl->as.shape.numiv; i++) {
-                if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(ivtbl->as.shape.ivptr[i])) continue;
+    }
 
-                int ivar_ret = iter_data->callback(ivtbl->as.shape.ivptr[i], iter_data->data);
-                switch (ivar_ret) {
-                  case ST_CONTINUE:
-                    break;
-                  case ST_REPLACE:
-                    iter_data->update_callback(&ivtbl->as.shape.ivptr[i], iter_data->data);
-                    break;
-                  default:
-                    rb_bug("vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach: return value %d not supported", ivar_ret);
-                }
-            }
+    if (key != new_key || value != new_value) {
+        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_START();
+        {
+            st_insert(rb_generic_fields_tbl_get(), (st_data_t)new_key, new_value);
         }
+        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_END();
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 static int
-vm_weak_table_frozen_strings_foreach(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data, int error)
+vm_weak_table_frozen_strings_foreach(VALUE *str, void *data)
 {
-    int retval = vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key(key, value, data, error);
+    // int retval = vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key(key, value, data, error);
+    struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *iter_data = (struct global_vm_table_foreach_data *)data;
+    int retval = iter_data->callback(*str, iter_data->data);
+
+    if (retval == ST_REPLACE) {
+        retval = iter_data->update_callback(str, iter_data->data);
+    }
+
     if (retval == ST_DELETE) {
-        FL_UNSET((VALUE)key, RSTRING_FSTR);
+        FL_UNSET(*str, RSTRING_FSTR);
     }
+
     return retval;
 }
 
+void rb_fstring_foreach_with_replace(int (*callback)(VALUE *str, void *data), void *data);
 void
 rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(vm_table_foreach_callback_func callback,
                             vm_table_update_callback_func update_callback,
@@ -3551,60 +4277,61 @@ rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(vm_table_foreach_callback_func callback,
 
     switch (table) {
       case RB_GC_VM_CI_TABLE: {
-        if (vm->ci_table) {
-            st_foreach_with_replace(
-                vm->ci_table,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key,
-                (st_data_t)&foreach_data
-            );
-        }
+        st_foreach_with_replace(
+            &vm->ci_table,
+            vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key,
+            vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key,
+            (st_data_t)&foreach_data
+        );
         break;
       }
       case RB_GC_VM_OVERLOADED_CME_TABLE: {
-        if (vm->overloaded_cme_table) {
-            st_foreach_with_replace(
-                vm->overloaded_cme_table,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key,
-                (st_data_t)&foreach_data
-            );
-        }
+        st_foreach_with_replace(
+            &vm->overloaded_cme_table,
+            vm_weak_table_foreach_weak_key,
+            vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key,
+            (st_data_t)&foreach_data
+        );
         break;
       }
       case RB_GC_VM_GLOBAL_SYMBOLS_TABLE: {
-        if (global_symbols.str_sym) {
+        rb_sym_global_symbol_table_foreach_weak_reference(
+            vm_weak_table_sym_set_foreach,
+            &foreach_data
+        );
+        break;
+      }
+      case RB_GC_VM_ID2REF_TABLE: {
+        if (id2ref_tbl) {
             st_foreach_with_replace(
-                global_symbols.str_sym,
-                vm_weak_table_str_sym_foreach,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_value,
+                id2ref_tbl,
+                vm_weak_table_id2ref_foreach,
+                vm_weak_table_id2ref_foreach_update,
                 (st_data_t)&foreach_data
             );
         }
         break;
       }
-      case RB_GC_VM_GENERIC_IV_TABLE: {
-        st_table *generic_iv_tbl = rb_generic_ivtbl_get();
-        if (generic_iv_tbl) {
+      case RB_GC_VM_GENERIC_FIELDS_TABLE: {
+        st_table *generic_fields_tbl = rb_generic_fields_tbl_get();
+        if (generic_fields_tbl) {
             st_foreach(
-                generic_iv_tbl,
-                vm_weak_table_gen_ivar_foreach,
+                generic_fields_tbl,
+                vm_weak_table_gen_fields_foreach,
                 (st_data_t)&foreach_data
             );
         }
         break;
       }
       case RB_GC_VM_FROZEN_STRINGS_TABLE: {
-        if (vm->frozen_strings) {
-            st_foreach_with_replace(
-                vm->frozen_strings,
-                vm_weak_table_frozen_strings_foreach,
-                vm_weak_table_foreach_update_weak_key,
-                (st_data_t)&foreach_data
-            );
-        }
+        rb_fstring_foreach_with_replace(
+            vm_weak_table_frozen_strings_foreach,
+            &foreach_data
+        );
         break;
       }
+      case RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT:
+        rb_bug("Unreachable");
       default:
         rb_bug("rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach: unknown table %d", table);
     }
@@ -3618,7 +4345,7 @@ rb_gc_update_vm_references(void *objspace)
 
     rb_vm_update_references(vm);
     rb_gc_update_global_tbl();
-    rb_sym_global_symbols_update_references();
+    rb_sym_global_symbols_mark_and_move();
 
 #if USE_YJIT
     void rb_yjit_root_update_references(void); // in Rust
@@ -3627,51 +4354,36 @@ rb_gc_update_vm_references(void *objspace)
         rb_yjit_root_update_references();
     }
 #endif
+
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    void rb_zjit_root_update_references(void); // in Rust
+
+    if (rb_zjit_enabled_p) {
+        rb_zjit_root_update_references();
+    }
+#endif
 }
 
 void
 rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
+    struct classext_foreach_args args;
+
     switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_CLASS:
-        if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
             UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(obj));
         }
         // Continue to the shared T_CLASS/T_MODULE
       case T_MODULE:
-        if (RCLASS_SUPER((VALUE)obj)) {
-            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS(obj)->super);
-        }
-        update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        update_cc_tbl(objspace, obj);
-        update_cvc_tbl(objspace, obj);
-        update_superclasses(objspace, obj);
-
-        if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-            gc_ref_update_table_values_only(RCLASS_IV_HASH(obj));
-        }
-        else {
-            for (attr_index_t i = 0; i < RCLASS_IV_COUNT(obj); i++) {
-                UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS_IVPTR(obj)[i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        update_class_ext(objspace, RCLASS_EXT(obj));
-        update_const_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj));
-
-        UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS_EXT(obj)->classpath);
+        args.klass = obj;
+        args.objspace = objspace;
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, update_classext, (void *)&args);
         break;
 
       case T_ICLASS:
-        if (RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(obj)) {
-            update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_M_TBL(obj));
-        }
-        if (RCLASS_SUPER((VALUE)obj)) {
-            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RCLASS(obj)->super);
-        }
-        update_class_ext(objspace, RCLASS_EXT(obj));
-        update_m_tbl(objspace, RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(obj));
-        update_cc_tbl(objspace, obj);
+        args.objspace = objspace;
+        rb_class_classext_foreach(obj, update_iclass_classext, (void *)&args);
         break;
 
       case T_IMEMO:
@@ -3714,9 +4426,12 @@ rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
       case T_DATA:
         /* Call the compaction callback, if it exists */
         {
-            void *const ptr = RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) ? RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj) : DATA_PTR(obj);
+            void *const ptr = RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
+
+            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RTYPEDDATA(obj)->fields_obj);
+
             if (ptr) {
-                if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) && gc_declarative_marking_p(RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type)) {
+                if (gc_declarative_marking_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj))) {
                     size_t *offset_list = TYPED_DATA_REFS_OFFSET_LIST(obj);
 
                     for (size_t offset = *offset_list; offset != RUBY_REF_END; offset = *offset_list++) {
@@ -3724,8 +4439,8 @@ rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
                         *ref = gc_location_internal(objspace, *ref);
                     }
                 }
-                else if (RTYPEDDATA_P(obj)) {
-                    RUBY_DATA_FUNC compact_func = RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type->function.dcompact;
+                else {
+                    RUBY_DATA_FUNC compact_func = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->function.dcompact;
                     if (compact_func) (*compact_func)(ptr);
                 }
             }
@@ -3745,6 +4460,8 @@ rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
             UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RFILE(obj)->fptr->writeconv_pre_ecopts);
             UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RFILE(obj)->fptr->encs.ecopts);
             UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RFILE(obj)->fptr->write_lock);
+            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RFILE(obj)->fptr->timeout);
+            UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RFILE(obj)->fptr->wakeup_mutex);
         }
         break;
       case T_REGEXP:
@@ -3786,6 +4503,15 @@ rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj)
             for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                 UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ptr[i]);
             }
+
+            if (RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(obj)) {
+                if (!FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS)) {
+                    UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, ptr[len]);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                UPDATE_IF_MOVED(objspace, RSTRUCT(obj)->as.heap.fields_obj);
+            }
         }
         break;
       default:
@@ -3939,7 +4665,7 @@ gc_config_set(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE hash)
 
     rb_gc_impl_config_set(objspace, hash);
 
-    return rb_gc_impl_config_get(objspace);
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4032,8 +4758,7 @@ ruby_gc_set_params(void)
 void
 rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(VALUE obj, void (func)(VALUE, void *), void *data)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
-    {
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
         if (rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(rb_gc_get_objspace())) rb_bug("rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from() is not supported while during GC");
 
         if (!RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
@@ -4049,7 +4774,6 @@ rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(VALUE obj, void (func)(VALUE, void *), void *
             vm->gc.mark_func_data = prev_mfd;
         }
     }
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
 }
 
 struct root_objects_data {
@@ -4144,7 +4868,7 @@ rb_method_type_name(rb_method_type_t type)
 {
     switch (type) {
       case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:           return "iseq";
-      case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:        return "attrest";
+      case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:        return "attrset";
       case VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR:           return "ivar";
       case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:        return "bmethod";
       case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:          return "alias";
@@ -4211,6 +4935,7 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_common(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALUE obj
         // const int age = RVALUE_AGE_GET(obj);
 
         if (rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(rb_gc_get_objspace(), (void *)obj)) {
+            APPEND_F("%p %s/", (void *)obj, obj_type_name(obj));
             // TODO: fixme
             // APPEND_F("%p [%d%s%s%s%s%s%s] %s ",
             //          (void *)obj, age,
@@ -4236,9 +4961,9 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_common(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALUE obj
             APPEND_S("(temporary internal)");
         }
         else if (RTEST(RBASIC(obj)->klass)) {
-            VALUE class_path = rb_class_path_cached(RBASIC(obj)->klass);
+            VALUE class_path = rb_mod_name(RBASIC(obj)->klass);
             if (!NIL_P(class_path)) {
-                APPEND_F("(%s)", RSTRING_PTR(class_path));
+                APPEND_F("%s ", RSTRING_PTR(class_path));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4264,22 +4989,29 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
                 APPEND_S("shared -> ");
                 rb_raw_obj_info(BUFF_ARGS, ARY_SHARED_ROOT(obj));
             }
-            else if (ARY_EMBED_P(obj)) {
-                APPEND_F("[%s%s] len: %ld (embed)",
-                         C(ARY_EMBED_P(obj),  "E"),
-                         C(ARY_SHARED_P(obj), "S"),
-                         RARRAY_LEN(obj));
-            }
             else {
-                APPEND_F("[%s%s] len: %ld, capa:%ld ptr:%p",
-                         C(ARY_EMBED_P(obj),  "E"),
+                APPEND_F("[%s%s%s] ",
+                         C(ARY_EMBED_P(obj), "E"),
                          C(ARY_SHARED_P(obj), "S"),
-                         RARRAY_LEN(obj),
-                         ARY_EMBED_P(obj) ? -1L : RARRAY(obj)->as.heap.aux.capa,
-                         (void *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(obj));
+                         C(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(obj), "R"));
+
+                if (ARY_EMBED_P(obj)) {
+                    APPEND_F("len: %ld (embed)",
+                             RARRAY_LEN(obj));
+                }
+                else {
+                    APPEND_F("len: %ld, capa:%ld ptr:%p",
+                             RARRAY_LEN(obj),
+                             RARRAY(obj)->as.heap.aux.capa,
+                             (void *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(obj));
+                }
             }
             break;
           case T_STRING: {
+            APPEND_F("[%s%s] ",
+                     C(FL_TEST(obj, RSTRING_FSTR), "F"),
+                     C(RB_OBJ_FROZEN(obj), "R"));
+
             if (STR_SHARED_P(obj)) {
                 APPEND_F(" [shared] len: %ld", RSTRING_LEN(obj));
             }
@@ -4315,7 +5047,7 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
           case T_CLASS:
           case T_MODULE:
             {
-                VALUE class_path = rb_class_path_cached(obj);
+                VALUE class_path = rb_mod_name(obj);
                 if (!NIL_P(class_path)) {
                     APPEND_F("%s", RSTRING_PTR(class_path));
                 }
@@ -4326,7 +5058,7 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
             }
           case T_ICLASS:
             {
-                VALUE class_path = rb_class_path_cached(RBASIC_CLASS(obj));
+                VALUE class_path = rb_mod_name(RBASIC_CLASS(obj));
                 if (!NIL_P(class_path)) {
                     APPEND_F("src:%s", RSTRING_PTR(class_path));
                 }
@@ -4334,21 +5066,18 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
             }
           case T_OBJECT:
             {
-                if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-                    size_t hash_len = rb_st_table_size(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj));
-                    APPEND_F("(too_complex) len:%zu", hash_len);
-                }
-                else {
-                    uint32_t len = ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY(obj);
-
-                    if (RBASIC(obj)->flags & ROBJECT_EMBED) {
-                        APPEND_F("(embed) len:%d", len);
+                if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_HEAP)) {
+                    if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+                        size_t hash_len = rb_st_table_size(ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(obj));
+                        APPEND_F("(complex) len:%zu", hash_len);
                     }
                     else {
-                        VALUE *ptr = ROBJECT_IVPTR(obj);
-                        APPEND_F("len:%d ptr:%p", len, (void *)ptr);
+                        APPEND_F("(embed) len:%d capa:%d", RSHAPE_LEN(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj)), ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj));
                     }
                 }
+                else {
+                    APPEND_F("len:%d capa:%d ptr:%p", RSHAPE_LEN(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj)), ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY(obj), (void *)ROBJECT_FIELDS(obj));
+                }
             }
             break;
           case T_DATA: {
@@ -4366,12 +5095,6 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
                     APPEND_F("r:%d", r->pub.id);
                 }
             }
-            else {
-                const char * const type_name = rb_objspace_data_type_name(obj);
-                if (type_name) {
-                    APPEND_F("%s", type_name);
-                }
-            }
             break;
           }
           case T_IMEMO: {
@@ -4426,11 +5149,11 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
               case imemo_callcache:
                 {
                     const struct rb_callcache *cc = (const struct rb_callcache *)obj;
-                    VALUE class_path = cc->klass ? rb_class_path_cached(cc->klass) : Qnil;
+                    VALUE class_path = vm_cc_valid(cc) ? rb_mod_name(cc->klass) : Qnil;
                     const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme = vm_cc_cme(cc);
 
                     APPEND_F("(klass:%s cme:%s%s (%p) call:%p",
-                             NIL_P(class_path) ? (cc->klass ? "??" : "<NULL>") : RSTRING_PTR(class_path),
+                             NIL_P(class_path) ? (vm_cc_valid(cc) ? "??" : "<NULL>") : RSTRING_PTR(class_path),
                              cme ? rb_id2name(cme->called_id) : "<NULL>",
                              cme ? (METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(cme) ? " [inv]" : "") : "",
                              (void *)cme,
@@ -4452,6 +5175,7 @@ rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, const VALU
 
 #undef C
 
+#ifdef RUBY_ASAN_ENABLED
 void
 rb_asan_poison_object(VALUE obj)
 {
@@ -4472,22 +5196,37 @@ rb_asan_poisoned_object_p(VALUE obj)
     MAYBE_UNUSED(struct RVALUE *) ptr = (void *)obj;
     return __asan_region_is_poisoned(ptr, rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj));
 }
+#endif
 
-#define asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) \
-    for (void *poisoned = asan_unpoison_object_temporary(obj), \
-              *unpoisoning = &poisoned; /* flag to loop just once */ \
-         unpoisoning; \
-         unpoisoning = asan_poison_object_restore(obj, poisoned))
+static void
+raw_obj_info(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, VALUE obj)
+{
+    size_t pos = rb_raw_obj_info_common(buff, buff_size, obj);
+    pos = rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(buff, buff_size, obj, pos);
+    if (pos >= buff_size) {} // truncated
+}
 
 const char *
 rb_raw_obj_info(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, VALUE obj)
 {
-    asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) {
-        size_t pos = rb_raw_obj_info_common(buff, buff_size, obj);
-        pos = rb_raw_obj_info_buitin_type(buff, buff_size, obj, pos);
-        if (pos >= buff_size) {} // truncated
-    }
+    void *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
+        raw_obj_info(buff, buff_size, obj);
+    }
+    else if (!rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(objspace, (const void *)obj)) {
+        snprintf(buff, buff_size, "out-of-heap:%p", (void *)obj);
+    }
+#if 0 // maybe no need to check it?
+    else if (0 && rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(objspace, obj)) {
+        snprintf(buff, buff_size, "garbage:%p", (void *)obj);
+    }
+#endif
+    else {
+        asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) {
+            raw_obj_info(buff, buff_size, obj);
+        }
+    }
     return buff;
 }
 
@@ -4495,12 +5234,6 @@ rb_raw_obj_info(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, VALUE obj)
 #undef APPEND_F
 #undef BUFF_ARGS
 
-#if RGENGC_OBJ_INFO
-#define OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_NUM  10
-#define OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_SIZE 0x100
-static rb_atomic_t obj_info_buffers_index = 0;
-static char obj_info_buffers[OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_NUM][OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_SIZE];
-
 /* Increments *var atomically and resets *var to 0 when maxval is
  * reached. Returns the wraparound old *var value (0...maxval). */
 static rb_atomic_t
@@ -4518,17 +5251,18 @@ atomic_inc_wraparound(rb_atomic_t *var, const rb_atomic_t maxval)
 static const char *
 obj_info(VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_atomic_t index = atomic_inc_wraparound(&obj_info_buffers_index, OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_NUM);
-    char *const buff = obj_info_buffers[index];
-    return rb_raw_obj_info(buff, OBJ_INFO_BUFFERS_SIZE, obj);
-}
-#else
-static const char *
-obj_info(VALUE obj)
-{
+    if (RGENGC_OBJ_INFO) {
+        static struct {
+            rb_atomic_t index;
+            char buffers[10][0x100];
+        } info = {0};
+
+        rb_atomic_t index = atomic_inc_wraparound(&info.index, numberof(info.buffers));
+        char *const buff = info.buffers[index];
+        return rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(info.buffers[0]), obj);
+    }
     return obj_type_name(obj);
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
   ------------------------ Extended allocator ------------------------
@@ -4557,11 +5291,7 @@ gc_raise(VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
         exc, fmt, &ap,
     };
 
-    if (ruby_thread_has_gvl_p()) {
-        gc_vraise(&argv);
-        UNREACHABLE;
-    }
-    else if (ruby_native_thread_p()) {
+    if (ruby_native_thread_p()) {
         rb_thread_call_with_gvl(gc_vraise, &argv);
         UNREACHABLE;
     }
@@ -4647,11 +5377,6 @@ rb_memerror_reentered(void)
     return (ec && rb_ec_raised_p(ec, RAISED_NOMEMORY));
 }
 
-void
-rb_malloc_info_show_results(void)
-{
-}
-
 static void *
 handle_malloc_failure(void *ptr)
 {
@@ -4672,6 +5397,14 @@ ruby_xmalloc(size_t size)
     return handle_malloc_failure(ruby_xmalloc_body(size));
 }
 
+static bool
+malloc_gc_allowed(void)
+{
+    rb_ractor_t *r = rb_current_ractor_raw(false);
+
+    return r == NULL || !r->malloc_gc_disabled;
+}
+
 static void *
 ruby_xmalloc_body(size_t size)
 {
@@ -4679,7 +5412,7 @@ ruby_xmalloc_body(size_t size)
         negative_size_allocation_error("too large allocation size");
     }
 
-    return rb_gc_impl_malloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), size);
+    return rb_gc_impl_malloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), size, malloc_gc_allowed());
 }
 
 void
@@ -4709,7 +5442,7 @@ ruby_xmalloc2(size_t n, size_t size)
 static void *
 ruby_xmalloc2_body(size_t n, size_t size)
 {
-    return rb_gc_impl_malloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), xmalloc2_size(n, size));
+    return rb_gc_impl_malloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), xmalloc2_size(n, size), malloc_gc_allowed());
 }
 
 static void *ruby_xcalloc_body(size_t n, size_t size);
@@ -4723,65 +5456,65 @@ ruby_xcalloc(size_t n, size_t size)
 static void *
 ruby_xcalloc_body(size_t n, size_t size)
 {
-    return rb_gc_impl_calloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), xmalloc2_size(n, size));
+    return rb_gc_impl_calloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), xmalloc2_size(n, size), malloc_gc_allowed());
 }
 
-static void *ruby_sized_xrealloc_body(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size);
+static void *ruby_xrealloc_sized_body(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size);
 
-#ifdef ruby_sized_xrealloc
-#undef ruby_sized_xrealloc
+#ifdef ruby_xrealloc_sized
+#undef ruby_xrealloc_sized
 #endif
 void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
+ruby_xrealloc_sized(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
 {
-    return handle_malloc_failure(ruby_sized_xrealloc_body(ptr, new_size, old_size));
+    return handle_malloc_failure(ruby_xrealloc_sized_body(ptr, new_size, old_size));
 }
 
 static void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc_body(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
+ruby_xrealloc_sized_body(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
 {
     if ((ssize_t)new_size < 0) {
         negative_size_allocation_error("too large allocation size");
     }
 
-    return rb_gc_impl_realloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), ptr, new_size, old_size);
+    return rb_gc_impl_realloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), ptr, new_size, old_size, malloc_gc_allowed());
 }
 
 void *
 ruby_xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t new_size)
 {
-    return ruby_sized_xrealloc(ptr, new_size, 0);
+    return ruby_xrealloc_sized(ptr, new_size, 0);
 }
 
-static void *ruby_sized_xrealloc2_body(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n);
+static void *ruby_xrealloc2_sized_body(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n);
 
-#ifdef ruby_sized_xrealloc2
-#undef ruby_sized_xrealloc2
+#ifdef ruby_xrealloc2_sized
+#undef ruby_xrealloc2_sized
 #endif
 void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n)
+ruby_xrealloc2_sized(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n)
 {
-    return handle_malloc_failure(ruby_sized_xrealloc2_body(ptr, n, size, old_n));
+    return handle_malloc_failure(ruby_xrealloc2_sized_body(ptr, n, size, old_n));
 }
 
 static void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc2_body(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n)
+ruby_xrealloc2_sized_body(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size, size_t old_n)
 {
     size_t len = xmalloc2_size(n, size);
-    return rb_gc_impl_realloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), ptr, len, old_n * size);
+    return rb_gc_impl_realloc(rb_gc_get_objspace(), ptr, len, old_n * size, malloc_gc_allowed());
 }
 
 void *
 ruby_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size)
 {
-    return ruby_sized_xrealloc2(ptr, n, size, 0);
+    return ruby_xrealloc2_sized(ptr, n, size, 0);
 }
 
-#ifdef ruby_sized_xfree
-#undef ruby_sized_xfree
+#ifdef ruby_xfree_sized
+#undef ruby_xfree_sized
 #endif
 void
-ruby_sized_xfree(void *x, size_t size)
+ruby_xfree_sized(void *x, size_t size)
 {
     if (LIKELY(x)) {
         /* It's possible for a C extension's pthread destructor function set by pthread_key_create
@@ -4799,7 +5532,7 @@ ruby_sized_xfree(void *x, size_t size)
 void
 ruby_xfree(void *x)
 {
-    ruby_sized_xfree(x, 0);
+    ruby_xfree_sized(x, 0);
 }
 
 void *
@@ -4868,11 +5601,11 @@ ruby_mimcalloc(size_t num, size_t size)
 {
     void *mem;
 #if CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(num, size);
-    if (UNLIKELY(t.left)) {
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag t = rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(num, size);
+    if (UNLIKELY(t.overflowed)) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    size = t.right + sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info);
+    size = t.result + sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info);
     mem = calloc1(size);
     if (!mem) {
         return NULL;
@@ -4940,6 +5673,80 @@ rb_gc_after_fork(rb_pid_t pid)
     rb_gc_impl_after_fork(rb_gc_get_objspace(), pid);
 }
 
+bool
+rb_gc_obj_shareable_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return RB_OBJ_SHAREABLE_P(obj);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_rp(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rp(obj);
+}
+
+struct check_shareable_data {
+    VALUE parent;
+    long err_count;
+};
+
+static void
+check_shareable_i(const VALUE child, void *ptr)
+{
+    struct check_shareable_data *data = (struct check_shareable_data *)ptr;
+
+    if (!rb_gc_obj_shareable_p(child)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "(a) ");
+        rb_gc_rp(data->parent);
+        fprintf(stderr, "(b) ");
+        rb_gc_rp(child);
+        fprintf(stderr, "check_shareable_i: shareable (a) -> unshareable (b)\n");
+
+        data->err_count++;
+        rb_bug("!! violate shareable constraint !!");
+    }
+}
+
+static bool gc_checking_shareable = false;
+
+static void
+gc_verify_shareable(void *objspace, VALUE obj, void *data)
+{
+    // while gc_checking_shareable is true,
+    // other Ractors should not run the GC, until the flag is not local.
+    // TODO: remove VM locking if the flag is Ractor local
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    {
+        gc_checking_shareable = true;
+        rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(obj, check_shareable_i, (void *)data);
+        gc_checking_shareable = false;
+    }
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+}
+
+// TODO: only one level (non-recursive)
+void
+rb_gc_verify_shareable(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
+    struct check_shareable_data data = {
+        .parent = obj,
+        .err_count = 0,
+    };
+    gc_verify_shareable(objspace, obj, &data);
+
+    if (data.err_count > 0) {
+        rb_bug("rb_gc_verify_shareable");
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_checking_shareable(void)
+{
+    return gc_checking_shareable;
+}
+
 /*
  * Document-module: ObjectSpace
  *
@@ -4991,6 +5798,8 @@ void
 Init_GC(void)
 {
 #undef rb_intern
+    rb_gc_register_address(&id2ref_value);
+
     malloc_offset = gc_compute_malloc_offset();
 
     rb_mGC = rb_define_module("GC");
diff --git a/gc.rb b/gc.rb
index d3bb8db036..48bed27880 100644
--- a/gc.rb
+++ b/gc.rb
@@ -7,31 +7,39 @@
 #  You may obtain information about the operation of the \GC through GC::Profiler.
 module GC
 
-  # Initiates garbage collection, even if manually disabled.
-  #
-  # The +full_mark+ keyword argument determines whether or not to perform a
-  # major garbage collection cycle. When set to +true+, a major garbage
-  # collection cycle is run, meaning all objects are marked. When set to
-  # +false+, a minor garbage collection cycle is run, meaning only young
-  # objects are marked.
-  #
-  # The +immediate_mark+ keyword argument determines whether or not to perform
-  # incremental marking. When set to +true+, marking is completed during the
-  # call to this method. When set to +false+, marking is performed in steps
-  # that are interleaved with future Ruby code execution, so marking might not
-  # be completed during this method call. Note that if +full_mark+ is +false+,
-  # then marking will always be immediate, regardless of the value of
-  # +immediate_mark+.
-  #
-  # The +immediate_sweep+ keyword argument determines whether or not to defer
-  # sweeping (using lazy sweep). When set to +false+, sweeping is performed in
-  # steps that are interleaved with future Ruby code execution, so sweeping might
-  # not be completed during this method call. When set to +true+, sweeping is
-  # completed during the call to this method.
-  #
-  # Note: These keyword arguments are implementation and version-dependent. They
-  # are not guaranteed to be future-compatible and may be ignored if the
-  # underlying implementation does not support them.
+  # Initiates garbage collection, even if explicitly disabled by GC.disable.
+  #
+  # Keyword arguments:
+  #
+  # - +full_mark+:
+  #   its boolean value determines whether to perform a major garbage collection cycle:
+  #
+  #   - +true+: initiates a major garbage collection cycle,
+  #     meaning all objects (old and new) are marked.
+  #   - +false+: initiates a minor garbage collection cycle,
+  #     meaning only young objects are marked.
+  #
+  # - +immediate_mark+:
+  #   its boolean value determines whether to perform incremental marking:
+  #
+  #   - +true+: marking is completed before the method returns.
+  #   - +false+: marking is performed by parts,
+  #     interleaved with program execution both before the method returns and afterward;
+  #     therefore marking may not be completed before the return.
+  #     Note that if +full_mark+ is +false+, marking will always be immediate,
+  #     regardless of the value of +immediate_mark+.
+  #
+  # - +immediate_sweep+:
+  #   its boolean value determines whether to defer sweeping (using lazy sweep):
+  #
+  #   - +true+: sweeping is completed before the method returns.
+  #   - +false+: sweeping is performed by parts,
+  #     interleaved with program execution both before the method returns and afterward;
+  #     therefore sweeping may not be completed before the return.
+  #
+  # Note that these keyword arguments are implementation- and version-dependent,
+  # are not guaranteed to be future-compatible,
+  # and may be ignored in some implementations.
   def self.start full_mark: true, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true
     Primitive.gc_start_internal full_mark, immediate_mark, immediate_sweep, false
   end
@@ -42,14 +50,14 @@ module GC
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.enable -> true or false
+  #   GC.enable -> true or false
   #
-  # Enables garbage collection, returning +true+ if garbage
-  # collection was previously disabled.
+  # Enables garbage collection;
+  # returns whether garbage collection was disabled:
   #
-  #    GC.disable   #=> false
-  #    GC.enable    #=> true
-  #    GC.enable    #=> false
+  #   GC.disable
+  #   GC.enable # => true
+  #   GC.enable # => false
   #
   def self.enable
     Primitive.gc_enable
@@ -58,189 +66,332 @@ module GC
   # call-seq:
   #    GC.disable -> true or false
   #
-  # Disables garbage collection, returning +true+ if garbage
-  # collection was already disabled.
+  # Disables garbage collection (but GC.start remains potent):
+  # returns whether garbage collection was already disabled.
+  #
+  #   GC.enable
+  #   GC.disable # => false
+  #   GC.disable # => true
   #
-  #    GC.disable   #=> false
-  #    GC.disable   #=> true
   def self.disable
     Primitive.gc_disable
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #   GC.stress -> integer, true, or false
+  #   GC.stress -> setting
   #
-  # Returns the current status of \GC stress mode.
+  # Returns the current \GC stress-mode setting,
+  # which initially is +false+.
+  #
+  # The stress mode may be set by method GC.stress=.
   def self.stress
     Primitive.gc_stress_get
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #   GC.stress = flag -> flag
+  #   GC.stress = value -> value
+  #
+  # Enables or disables stress mode;
+  # enabling stress mode will degrade performance; it is only for debugging.
+  #
+  # Sets the current \GC stress mode to the given value:
   #
-  # Updates the \GC stress mode.
+  # - If the value is +nil+ or +false+, disables stress mode.
+  # - If the value is an integer,
+  #   enables stress mode with certain flags; see below.
+  # - Otherwise, enables stress mode;
+  #   \GC is invoked at every \GC opportunity: all memory and object allocations.
   #
-  # When stress mode is enabled, the \GC is invoked at every \GC opportunity:
-  # all memory and object allocations.
+  # The flags are bits in the given integer:
   #
-  # Enabling stress mode will degrade performance; it is only for debugging.
+  # - +0x01+: No major \GC.
+  # - +0x02+: No immediate sweep.
+  # - +0x04+: Full mark after malloc/calloc/realloc.
   #
-  # The flag can be true, false, or an integer bitwise-ORed with the following flags:
-  #   0x01:: no major GC
-  #   0x02:: no immediate sweep
-  #   0x04:: full mark after malloc/calloc/realloc
   def self.stress=(flag)
     Primitive.gc_stress_set_m flag
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.count -> Integer
+  #   self.count -> integer
+  #
+  # Returns the total number of times garbage collection has occurred:
+  #
+  #   GC.count # => 385
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.count # => 386
   #
-  # Returns the number of times \GC has occurred since the process started.
   def self.count
     Primitive.gc_count
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.stat -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat(hash) -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat(:key) -> Numeric
-  #
-  # Returns a Hash containing information about the \GC.
-  #
-  # The contents of the hash are implementation-specific and may change in
-  # the future without notice.
-  #
-  # The hash includes internal statistics about \GC such as:
-  #
-  # [count]
+  #   GC.stat -> new_hash
+  #   GC.stat(key) -> value
+  #   GC.stat(hash) -> hash
+  #
+  # This method is implementation-specific to CRuby.
+  #
+  # Returns \GC statistics.
+  # The particular statistics are implementation-specific
+  # and may change in the future without notice.
+  #
+  # With no argument given,
+  # returns information about the most recent garbage collection:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat
+  #   # =>
+  #   {count: 28,
+  #    time: 1,
+  #    marking_time: 1,
+  #    sweeping_time: 0,
+  #    heap_allocated_pages: 521,
+  #    heap_empty_pages: 0,
+  #    heap_allocatable_bytes: 0,
+  #    heap_available_slots: 539590,
+  #    heap_live_slots: 422243,
+  #    heap_free_slots: 117347,
+  #    heap_final_slots: 0,
+  #    heap_marked_slots: 264877,
+  #    heap_eden_pages: 521,
+  #    total_allocated_pages: 521,
+  #    total_freed_pages: 0,
+  #    total_allocated_objects: 2246376,
+  #    total_freed_objects: 1824133,
+  #    malloc_increase_bytes: 50982,
+  #    malloc_increase_bytes_limit: 18535172,
+  #    minor_gc_count: 18,
+  #    major_gc_count: 10,
+  #    compact_count: 0,
+  #    read_barrier_faults: 0,
+  #    total_moved_objects: 0,
+  #    remembered_wb_unprotected_objects: 0,
+  #    remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit: 2162,
+  #    old_objects: 216365,
+  #    old_objects_limit: 432540,
+  #    oldmalloc_increase_bytes: 1654232,
+  #    oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit: 16846103}
+  #
+  # With symbol argument +key+ given,
+  # returns the value for that key:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat(:count) # => 30
+  #
+  # With hash argument +hash+ given,
+  # returns that hash with GC statistics merged into its content;
+  # this form may be useful in minimizing {probe effects}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_effect]:
+  #
+  #   h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+  #   GC.stat(h)
+  #   h.keys.take(5) # => [:foo, :bar, :count, :time, :marking_time]
+  #
+  # The hash includes entries such as:
+  #
+  # - +:count+:
   #   The total number of garbage collections run since application start
-  #   (count includes both minor and major garbage collections)
-  # [time]
-  #   The total time spent in garbage collections (in milliseconds)
-  # [heap_allocated_pages]
-  #   The total number of +:heap_eden_pages+ + +:heap_tomb_pages+
-  # [heap_sorted_length]
-  #   The number of pages that can fit into the buffer that holds references to
-  #   all pages
-  # [heap_allocatable_pages]
-  #   The total number of pages the application could allocate without additional \GC
-  # [heap_available_slots]
-  #   The total number of slots in all +:heap_allocated_pages+
-  # [heap_live_slots]
-  #   The total number of slots which contain live objects
-  # [heap_free_slots]
-  #   The total number of slots which do not contain live objects
-  # [heap_final_slots]
-  #   The total number of slots with pending finalizers to be run
-  # [heap_marked_slots]
-  #   The total number of objects marked in the last \GC
-  # [heap_eden_pages]
-  #   The total number of pages which contain at least one live slot
-  # [heap_tomb_pages]
-  #   The total number of pages which do not contain any live slots
-  # [total_allocated_pages]
-  #   The cumulative number of pages allocated since application start
-  # [total_freed_pages]
-  #   The cumulative number of pages freed since application start
-  # [total_allocated_objects]
-  #   The cumulative number of objects allocated since application start
-  # [total_freed_objects]
-  #   The cumulative number of objects freed since application start
-  # [malloc_increase_bytes]
-  #   Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by any \GC
-  # [malloc_increase_bytes_limit]
-  #   When +:malloc_increase_bytes+ crosses this limit, \GC is triggered
-  # [minor_gc_count]
-  #   The total number of minor garbage collections run since process start
-  # [major_gc_count]
-  #   The total number of major garbage collections run since process start
-  # [compact_count]
-  #   The total number of compactions run since process start
-  # [read_barrier_faults]
-  #   The total number of times the read barrier was triggered during
-  #   compaction
-  # [total_moved_objects]
-  #   The total number of objects compaction has moved
-  # [remembered_wb_unprotected_objects]
-  #   The total number of objects without write barriers
-  # [remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit]
-  #   When +:remembered_wb_unprotected_objects+ crosses this limit,
-  #   major \GC is triggered
-  # [old_objects]
-  #   Number of live, old objects which have survived at least 3 garbage collections
-  # [old_objects_limit]
-  #   When +:old_objects+ crosses this limit, major \GC is triggered
-  # [oldmalloc_increase_bytes]
-  #   Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by major \GC
-  # [oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit]
-  #   When +:oldmalloc_increase_bytes+ crosses this limit, major \GC is triggered
-  #
-  # If the optional argument, hash, is given,
-  # it is overwritten and returned.
-  # This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
-  #
-  # This method is only expected to work on CRuby.
+  #   (count includes both minor and major garbage collections).
+  # - +:time+:
+  #   The total time spent in garbage collections (in milliseconds).
+  # - +:heap_allocated_pages+:
+  #   The total number of allocated pages.
+  # - +:heap_empty_pages+:
+  #   The number of pages with no live objects, and that could be released to the system.
+  # - +:heap_sorted_length+:
+  #   The number of pages that can fit into the buffer that holds references to  all pages.
+  # - +:heap_allocatable_pages+:
+  #   The total number of pages the application could allocate without additional \GC.
+  # - +:heap_available_slots+:
+  #   The total number of slots in all +:heap_allocated_pages+.
+  # - +:heap_live_slots+:
+  #   The total number of slots which contain live objects.
+  # - +:heap_free_slots+:
+  #   The total number of slots which do not contain live objects.
+  # - +:heap_final_slots+:
+  #   The total number of slots with pending finalizers to be run.
+  # - +:heap_marked_slots+:
+  #   The total number of objects marked in the last \GC.
+  # - +:heap_eden_pages+:
+  #   The total number of pages which contain at least one live slot.
+  # - +:total_allocated_pages+:
+  #   The cumulative number of pages allocated since application start.
+  # - +:total_freed_pages+:
+  #   The cumulative number of pages freed since application start.
+  # - +:total_allocated_objects+:
+  #   The cumulative number of objects allocated since application start.
+  # - +:total_freed_objects+:
+  #   The cumulative number of objects freed since application start.
+  # - +:malloc_increase_bytes+:
+  #   Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by any \GC.
+  # - +:malloc_increase_bytes_limit+:
+  #   When +:malloc_increase_bytes+ crosses this limit, \GC is triggered.
+  # - +:minor_gc_count+:
+  #   The total number of minor garbage collections run since process start.
+  # - +:major_gc_count+:
+  #   The total number of major garbage collections run since process start.
+  # - +:compact_count+:
+  #   The total number of compactions run since process start.
+  # - +:read_barrier_faults+:
+  #   The total number of times the read barrier was triggered during compaction.
+  # - +:total_moved_objects+:
+  #   The total number of objects compaction has moved.
+  # - +:remembered_wb_unprotected_objects+:
+  #   The total number of objects without write barriers.
+  # - +:remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit+:
+  #   When +:remembered_wb_unprotected_objects+ crosses this limit, major \GC is triggered.
+  # - +:old_objects+:
+  #   Number of live, old objects which have survived at least 3 garbage collections.
+  # - +:old_objects_limit+:
+  #   When +:old_objects+ crosses this limit, major \GC is triggered.
+  # - +:oldmalloc_increase_bytes+:
+  #   Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by major \GC.
+  # - +:oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit+:
+  #   When +:oldmalloc_increase_bytes+ crosses this limit, major \GC is triggered.
+  #
   def self.stat hash_or_key = nil
     Primitive.gc_stat hash_or_key
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.stat_heap -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat_heap(nil, hash) -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_name) -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_name, hash) -> Hash
-  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_name, :key) -> Numeric
-  #
-  # Returns information for heaps in the \GC.
-  #
-  # If the first optional argument, +heap_name+, is passed in and not +nil+, it
-  # returns a +Hash+ containing information about the particular heap.
-  # Otherwise, it will return a +Hash+ with heap names as keys and
-  # a +Hash+ containing information about the heap as values.
-  #
-  # If the second optional argument, +hash_or_key+, is given as a +Hash+, it will
-  # be overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
-  #
-  # If both optional arguments are passed in and the second optional argument is
-  # a symbol, it will return a +Numeric+ value for the particular heap.
-  #
-  # On CRuby, +heap_name+ is of the type +Integer+ but may be of type +String+
-  # on other implementations.
-  #
-  # The contents of the hash are implementation-specific and may change in
-  # the future without notice.
-  #
-  # If the optional argument, hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned.
-  #
-  # This method is only expected to work on CRuby.
-  #
-  # The hash includes the following keys about the internal information in
-  # the \GC:
-  #
-  # [slot_size]
+  #    GC.stat_heap -> new_hash
+  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_id) -> new_hash
+  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_id, key) -> value
+  #    GC.stat_heap(nil, hash) -> hash
+  #    GC.stat_heap(heap_id, hash) -> hash
+  #
+  # This method is implementation-specific to CRuby.
+  #
+  # Returns statistics for \GC heaps.
+  # The particular statistics are implementation-specific
+  # and may change in the future without notice.
+  #
+  # With no argument given, returns statistics for all heaps:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat_heap
+  #   # =>
+  #   {0 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 32,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 24,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 12288,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 24,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 0,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 0,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 8450,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 3120},
+  #    1 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 64,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 246,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 402802,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 246,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 2,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 1,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 33867152,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 33520523},
+  #    2 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 128,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 84,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 68746,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 84,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 1,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 4,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 147491,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 90699},
+  #    3 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 256,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 157,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 64182,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 157,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 0,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 0,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 211460,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 190075},
+  #    4 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 512,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 8,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 1631,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 8,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 0,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 0,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 1422,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 700},
+  #    5 =>
+  #     {slot_size: 1024,
+  #      heap_eden_pages: 16,
+  #      heap_eden_slots: 1628,
+  #      total_allocated_pages: 16,
+  #      force_major_gc_count: 0,
+  #      force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 0,
+  #      total_allocated_objects: 1230,
+  #      total_freed_objects: 309}}
+  #
+  # In the example above, the keys in the outer hash are the heap identifiers:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat_heap.keys # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  #
+  # On CRuby, each heap identifier is an integer;
+  # on other implementations, a heap identifier may be a string.
+  #
+  # With only argument +heap_id+ given,
+  # returns statistics for the given heap identifier:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat_heap(3)
+  #   # =>
+  #   {slot_size: 256,
+  #    heap_eden_pages: 157,
+  #    heap_eden_slots: 64182,
+  #    total_allocated_pages: 157,
+  #    force_major_gc_count: 0,
+  #    force_incremental_marking_finish_count: 0,
+  #    total_allocated_objects: 225018,
+  #    total_freed_objects: 206647}
+  #
+  # With arguments +heap_id+ and +key+ given,
+  # returns the value for the given key in the given heap:
+  #
+  #   GC.stat_heap(3, :slot_size) # => 256
+  #
+  # With arguments +nil+ and +hash+ given,
+  # merges the statistics for all heaps into the given hash:
+  #
+  #   h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+  #   GC.stat_heap(nil, h).keys # => [:foo, :bar, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+  #
+  # With arguments +heap_id+ and +hash+ given,
+  # merges the statistics for the given heap into the given hash:
+  #
+  #   h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+  #   GC.stat_heap(2, h).keys
+  #   # =>
+  #   [:foo,
+  #    :bar,
+  #    :slot_size,
+  #    :heap_eden_pages,
+  #    :heap_eden_slots,
+  #    :total_allocated_pages,
+  #    :force_major_gc_count,
+  #    :force_incremental_marking_finish_count,
+  #    :total_allocated_objects,
+  #    :total_freed_objects]
+  #
+  # The statistics for a heap may include:
+  #
+  # - +:slot_size+:
   #   The slot size of the heap in bytes.
-  # [heap_allocatable_pages]
+  # - +:heap_allocatable_pages+:
   #   The number of pages that can be allocated without triggering a new
   #   garbage collection cycle.
-  # [heap_eden_pages]
+  # - +:heap_eden_pages+:
   #   The number of pages in the eden heap.
-  # [heap_eden_slots]
+  # - +:heap_eden_slots+:
   #   The total number of slots in all of the pages in the eden heap.
-  # [heap_tomb_pages]
-  #   The number of pages in the tomb heap. The tomb heap only contains pages
-  #   that do not have any live objects.
-  # [heap_tomb_slots]
-  #   The total number of slots in all of the pages in the tomb heap.
-  # [total_allocated_pages]
+  # - +:total_allocated_pages+:
   #   The total number of pages that have been allocated in the heap.
-  # [total_freed_pages]
+  # - +:total_freed_pages+:
   #   The total number of pages that have been freed and released back to the
   #   system in the heap.
-  # [force_major_gc_count]
+  # - +:force_major_gc_count+:
   #   The number of times this heap has forced major garbage collection cycles
   #   to start due to running out of free slots.
-  # [force_incremental_marking_finish_count]
+  # - +:force_incremental_marking_finish_count+:
   #   The number of times this heap has forced incremental marking to complete
   #   due to running out of pooled slots.
   #
@@ -250,99 +401,111 @@ module GC
 
   # call-seq:
   #     GC.config -> hash
-  #     GC.config(hash) -> hash
-  #
-  # Sets or gets information about the current \GC config.
+  #     GC.config(hash_to_merge) -> hash
   #
-  # Configuration parameters are \GC implementation-specific and may change
-  # without notice.
+  # This method is implementation-specific to CRuby.
   #
-  # This method can be called without parameters to retrieve the current config
-  # as a +Hash+ with +Symbol+ keys.
+  # Sets or gets information about the current \GC configuration.
   #
-  # This method can also be called with a +Hash+ argument to assign values to
-  # valid config keys. Config keys missing from the passed +Hash+ will be left
-  # unmodified.
+  # Configuration parameters are \GC implementation-specific and may change without notice.
   #
-  # If a key/value pair is passed to this function that does not correspond to
-  # a valid config key for the \GC implementation being used, no config will be
-  # updated, the key will be present in the returned Hash, and its value will
-  # be +nil+. This is to facilitate easy migration between \GC implementations.
+  # With no argument given, returns a hash containing the configuration:
   #
-  # In both call-seqs, the return value of <code>GC.config</code> will be a +Hash+
-  # containing the most recent full configuration, i.e., all keys and values
-  # defined by the specific \GC implementation being used. In the case of a
-  # config update, the return value will include the new values being updated.
+  #   GC.config
+  #   # => {rgengc_allow_full_mark: true, implementation: "default"}
   #
-  # This method is only expected to work on CRuby.
+  # With argument +hash_to_merge+ given,
+  # merges that hash into the stored configuration hash;
+  # ignores unknown hash keys;
+  # returns the configuration hash:
   #
-  # === \GC Implementation independent values
+  #   GC.config(rgengc_allow_full_mark: false)
+  #   # => {rgengc_allow_full_mark: false, implementation: "default"}
+  #   GC.config(foo: 'bar')
+  #   # => {rgengc_allow_full_mark: false, implementation: "default"}
   #
-  # The <code>GC.config</code> hash can also contain keys that are global and
-  # read-only. These keys are not specific to any one \GC library implementation
-  # and attempting to write to them will raise +ArgumentError+.
+  # <b>All-Implementations Configuration</b>
   #
-  # There is currently only one global, read-only key:
+  # The single read-only entry for all implementations is:
   #
-  # [implementation]
-  #    Returns a +String+ containing the name of the currently loaded \GC library,
-  #    if one has been loaded using +RUBY_GC_LIBRARY+, and "default" in all other
-  #    cases
+  # - +:implementation+:
+  #   the string name of the implementation;
+  #   for the Ruby default implementation, <tt>'default'</tt>.
   #
-  # === \GC Implementation specific values
+  # <b>Implementation-Specific Configuration</b>
   #
-  # \GC libraries are expected to document their own configuration. Valid keys
-  # for Ruby's default \GC implementation are:
+  # A \GC implementation maintains its own implementation-specific configuration.
   #
-  # [rgengc_allow_full_mark]
-  #   Controls whether the \GC is allowed to run a full mark (young & old objects).
+  # For Ruby's default implementation the single entry is:
   #
-  #   When +true+, \GC interleaves major and minor collections. This is the default. \GC
-  #   will function as intended.
+  # - +:rgengc_allow_full_mark+:
+  #   Controls whether the \GC is allowed to run a full mark (young & old objects):
   #
-  #   When +false+, the \GC will never trigger a full marking cycle unless
-  #   explicitly requested by user code. Instead, only a minor mark will run—
-  #   only young objects will be marked. When the heap space is exhausted, new
-  #   pages will be allocated immediately instead of running a full mark.
+  #   - +true+ (default): \GC interleaves major and minor collections.
+  #     A flag is set to notify GC that a full mark has been requested.
+  #     This flag is accessible via GC.latest_gc_info(:need_major_by).
+  #   - +false+: \GC does not initiate a full marking cycle unless explicitly directed by user code;
+  #     see GC.start.
+  #     Setting this parameter to +false+ disables young-to-old promotion.
+  #     For performance reasons, we recommended warming up the application using Process.warmup
+  #     before setting this parameter to +false+.
   #
-  #   A flag will be set to notify that a full mark has been
-  #   requested. This flag is accessible using
-  #   <code>GC.latest_gc_info(:need_major_by)</code>
-  #
-  #   The user can trigger a major collection at any time using
-  #   <code>GC.start(full_mark: true)</code>
-  #
-  #   When +false+, Young to Old object promotion is disabled. For performance
-  #   reasons, it is recommended to warm up an application using +Process.warmup+
-  #   before setting this parameter to +false+.
   def self.config hash = nil
-    return Primitive.gc_config_get unless hash
-
-    if(Primitive.cexpr!("RBOOL(RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH))"))
+    if Primitive.cexpr!("RBOOL(RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH))")
       if hash.include?(:implementation)
         raise ArgumentError, 'Attempting to set read-only key "Implementation"'
       end
 
       Primitive.gc_config_set hash
-    else
+    elsif hash != nil
       raise ArgumentError
     end
+
+    Primitive.gc_config_get
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #     GC.latest_gc_info -> hash
-  #     GC.latest_gc_info(hash) -> hash
-  #     GC.latest_gc_info(key) -> value
-  #
-  # Returns information about the most recent garbage collection.
-  #
-  # If the argument +hash+ is given and is a Hash object,
-  # it is overwritten and returned.
-  # This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info -> new_hash
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info(key) -> value
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info(hash) -> hash
+  #
+  # With no argument given,
+  # returns information about the most recent garbage collection:
+  #
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info
+  #   # =>
+  #   {major_by: :force,
+  #    need_major_by: nil,
+  #    gc_by: :method,
+  #    have_finalizer: false,
+  #    immediate_sweep: true,
+  #    state: :none,
+  #    weak_references_count: 0,
+  #    retained_weak_references_count: 0}
+  #
+  # With symbol argument +key+ given,
+  # returns the value for that key:
+  #
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info(:gc_by) # => :newobj
+  #
+  # With hash argument +hash+ given,
+  # returns that hash with GC information merged into its content;
+  # this form may be useful in minimizing {probe effects}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_effect]:
+  #
+  #   h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+  #   GC.latest_gc_info(h)
+  #   # =>
+  #   {foo: 0,
+  #    bar: 1,
+  #    major_by: nil,
+  #    need_major_by: nil,
+  #    gc_by: :newobj,
+  #    have_finalizer: false,
+  #    immediate_sweep: false,
+  #    state: :sweeping,
+  #    weak_references_count: 0,
+  #    retained_weak_references_count: 0}
   #
-  # If the argument +key+ is given and is a Symbol object,
-  # it returns the value associated with the key.
-  # This is equivalent to <tt>GC.latest_gc_info[key]</tt>.
   def self.latest_gc_info hash_or_key = nil
     if hash_or_key == nil
       hash_or_key = {}
@@ -356,11 +519,29 @@ module GC
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.measure_total_time = true/false
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = setting -> setting
   #
-  # Enables measuring \GC time.
-  # You can get the result with <tt>GC.stat(:time)</tt>.
-  # Note that \GC time measurement can cause some performance overhead.
+  # Enables or disables \GC total time measurement;
+  # returns +setting+.
+  # See GC.total_time.
+  #
+  # When argument +object+ is +nil+ or +false+, disables total time measurement;
+  # GC.measure_total_time then returns +false+:
+  #
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = nil   # => nil
+  #   GC.measure_total_time         # => false
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = false # => false
+  #   GC.measure_total_time         # => false
+  #
+  # Otherwise, enables total time measurement;
+  # GC.measure_total_time then returns +true+:
+  #
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = true # => true
+  #   GC.measure_total_time        # => true
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = :foo # => :foo
+  #   GC.measure_total_time        # => true
+  #
+  # Note that when enabled, total time measurement affects performance.
   def self.measure_total_time=(flag)
     Primitive.cstmt! %{
       rb_gc_impl_set_measure_total_time(rb_gc_get_objspace(), flag);
@@ -369,10 +550,11 @@ module GC
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.measure_total_time -> true/false
+  #   GC.measure_total_time -> true or false
   #
-  # Returns the measure_total_time flag (default: +true+).
-  # Note that measurement can affect the application's performance.
+  # Returns the setting for \GC total time measurement;
+  # the initial setting is +true+.
+  # See GC.total_time.
   def self.measure_total_time
     Primitive.cexpr! %{
       RBOOL(rb_gc_impl_get_measure_total_time(rb_gc_get_objspace()))
@@ -380,9 +562,35 @@ module GC
   end
 
   # call-seq:
-  #    GC.total_time -> int
+  #    GC.total_time -> integer
+  #
+  # Returns the \GC total time in nanoseconds:
+  #
+  #   GC.total_time # => 156250
+  #
+  # Note that total time accumulates
+  # only when total time measurement is enabled
+  # (that is, when GC.measure_total_time is +true+):
+  #
+  #   GC.measure_total_time # => true
+  #   GC.total_time # => 625000
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.total_time # => 937500
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1093750
+  #
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = false
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1250000
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1250000
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1250000
+  #
+  #   GC.measure_total_time = true
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1250000
+  #   GC.start
+  #   GC.total_time # => 1406250
   #
-  # Returns the measured \GC total time in nanoseconds.
   def self.total_time
     Primitive.cexpr! %{
       ULL2NUM(rb_gc_impl_get_total_time(rb_gc_get_objspace()))
diff --git a/gc/README.md b/gc/README.md
index 838d2958db..cb71357973 100644
--- a/gc/README.md
+++ b/gc/README.md
@@ -15,12 +15,17 @@ Two GC implementations are included in Ruby:
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > Ruby's modular GC feature is experimental and subject to change. There may be bugs or performance impacts. Use at your own risk.
 
+### Building Ruby with Modular GC
+
 1. Configure Ruby with the `--with-modular-gc=<dir>` option, where `dir` is the directory you want to place the built GC libraries into.
 2. Build Ruby as usual.
-3. Build your desired GC implementation with `make modular-gc MODULAR_GC=<impl>`. This will build the GC implementation and place the built library into the `dir` specified in step 1. `impl` can be one of:
+
+### Building GC implementations shipped with Ruby
+
+1. Build your desired GC implementation with `make install-modular-gc MODULAR_GC=<impl>`. This will build the GC implementation and place the built library into the `dir` specified in step 1. `impl` can be one of:
     - `default`: The default GC that Ruby ships with.
     - `mmtk`: The GC that uses [MMTk](https://www.mmtk.io/) as the back-end. See Ruby-specific details in the [ruby/mmtk](https://github.com/ruby/mmtk) repository.
-4. Run your desired GC implementation by setting the `RUBY_GC_LIBRARY=<lib>` environment variable, where `lib` could be `default`, `mmtk`, or your own implementation (as long as you place it in the `dir` specified in step 1).
+2. Run your desired GC implementation by setting the `RUBY_GC_LIBRARY=<lib>` environment variable, where `lib` could be `default`, `mmtk`, or your own implementation (as long as you place it in the `dir` specified in step 1).
 
 ## Modular GC API
 
diff --git a/gc/default/default.c b/gc/default/default.c
index 919df03440..145140dfbf 100644
--- a/gc/default/default.c
+++ b/gc/default/default.c
@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@
 # include <sys/user.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "internal/bits.h"
-#include "internal/hash.h"
+#ifdef BUILDING_MODULAR_GC
+# define nlz_int64(x) (x == 0 ? 64 : (unsigned int)__builtin_clzll((unsigned long long)x))
+#else
+# include "internal/bits.h"
+#endif
 
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/atomic.h"
+#include "ruby_atomic.h"
 #include "ruby/debug.h"
 #include "ruby/thread.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
@@ -34,8 +38,26 @@
 # include "probes.h"
 #endif
 
-#include "debug_counter.h"
-#include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#ifdef BUILDING_MODULAR_GC
+# define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(_name) ((void)0)
+# define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(_name, cond) (!!(cond))
+#else
+# include "debug_counter.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BUILDING_MODULAR_GC
+# define rb_asan_poison_object(obj) ((void)(obj))
+# define rb_asan_unpoison_object(obj, newobj_p) ((void)(obj), (void)(newobj_p))
+# define asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) if ((obj) || true)
+# define asan_poison_memory_region(ptr, size) ((void)(ptr), (void)(size))
+# define asan_unpoison_memory_region(ptr, size, malloc_p) ((void)(ptr), (size), (malloc_p))
+# define asan_unpoisoning_memory_region(ptr, size) if ((ptr) || (size) || true)
+
+# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(ptr, size) ((void)(ptr), (void)(size))
+# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(ptr, size) ((void)(ptr), (void)(size))
+#else
+# include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#endif
 
 /* MALLOC_HEADERS_BEGIN */
 #ifndef HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
@@ -75,21 +97,12 @@
 # include <mach/mach_port.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifndef VM_CHECK_MODE
-# define VM_CHECK_MODE RUBY_DEBUG
-#endif
-
-// From ractor_core.h
-#ifndef RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
-# define RACTOR_CHECK_MODE (VM_CHECK_MODE || RUBY_DEBUG) && (SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_VALUE)
-#endif
-
 #ifndef RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
 # define RUBY_DEBUG_LOG(...)
 #endif
 
-#ifndef GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS
-#define GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS 10000
+#ifndef GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES
+#define GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES (2560 * 1024)
 #endif
 #ifndef GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS
 #define GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS  4096
@@ -97,8 +110,8 @@
 #ifndef GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR
 #define GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR 1.8
 #endif
-#ifndef GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS
-#define GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS 0 /* 0 is disable */
+#ifndef GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_BYTES
+#define GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_BYTES 0 /* 0 is disable */
 #endif
 #ifndef GC_HEAP_REMEMBERED_WB_UNPROTECTED_OBJECTS_LIMIT_RATIO
 # define GC_HEAP_REMEMBERED_WB_UNPROTECTED_OBJECTS_LIMIT_RATIO 0.01
@@ -137,6 +150,17 @@
 #define GC_OLDMALLOC_LIMIT_MAX (128 * 1024 * 1024 /* 128MB */)
 #endif
 
+#ifndef GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD
+#define GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD (8 * 1024 /* 8KB */)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
+#define USE_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL 1
+static RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER int malloc_increase_local;
+#else
+#define USE_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL 0
+#endif
+
 #ifndef GC_CAN_COMPILE_COMPACTION
 #if defined(__wasi__) /* WebAssembly doesn't support signals */
 # define GC_CAN_COMPILE_COMPACTION 0
@@ -155,12 +179,28 @@
 #define USE_TICK_T                 (PRINT_ENTER_EXIT_TICK || PRINT_ROOT_TICKS)
 
 #ifndef HEAP_COUNT
-# define HEAP_COUNT 5
+# if SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8
+#  define HEAP_COUNT 12
+# else
+#  define HEAP_COUNT 5
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* The reciprocal table and pool_slot_sizes array are both generated from this
+ * single definition, so they can never get out of sync. */
+#if SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8
+# define EACH_POOL_SLOT_SIZE(SLOT) \
+    SLOT(32) SLOT(40) SLOT(64) SLOT(80) SLOT(96) SLOT(128) \
+    SLOT(160) SLOT(256) SLOT(512) SLOT(640) SLOT(768) SLOT(1024)
+#else
+# define EACH_POOL_SLOT_SIZE(SLOT) \
+    SLOT(32) SLOT(64) SLOT(128) SLOT(256) SLOT(512)
 #endif
 
 typedef struct ractor_newobj_heap_cache {
     struct free_slot *freelist;
     struct heap_page *using_page;
+    size_t allocated_objects_count;
 } rb_ractor_newobj_heap_cache_t;
 
 typedef struct ractor_newobj_cache {
@@ -169,10 +209,10 @@ typedef struct ractor_newobj_cache {
 } rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t;
 
 typedef struct {
-    size_t heap_init_slots[HEAP_COUNT];
+    size_t heap_init_bytes;
     size_t heap_free_slots;
     double growth_factor;
-    size_t growth_max_slots;
+    size_t growth_max_bytes;
 
     double heap_free_slots_min_ratio;
     double heap_free_slots_goal_ratio;
@@ -190,10 +230,10 @@ typedef struct {
 } ruby_gc_params_t;
 
 static ruby_gc_params_t gc_params = {
-    { GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS },
+    GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES,
     GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS,
     GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR,
-    GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS,
+    GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_BYTES,
 
     GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO,
     GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_GOAL_RATIO,
@@ -268,9 +308,24 @@ int ruby_rgengc_debug;
 #ifndef GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP
 # define GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP   1
 #endif
+
+#ifndef VERIFY_FREE_SIZE
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+#define VERIFY_FREE_SIZE 1
+#else
+#define VERIFY_FREE_SIZE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if VERIFY_FREE_SIZE
+#undef CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
+#define CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
 # define CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE 0
 #endif
+
 #if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE) || CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE > 0
 # ifndef MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE
 #  define MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE 0
@@ -283,7 +338,7 @@ int ruby_rgengc_debug;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS
-# define GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS 1
+# define GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS RUBY_DEBUG
 #endif
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -363,7 +418,6 @@ struct RMoved {
     VALUE flags;
     VALUE dummy;
     VALUE destination;
-    uint32_t original_shape_id;
 };
 
 #define RMOVED(obj) ((struct RMoved *)(obj))
@@ -424,7 +478,7 @@ typedef struct rb_heap_struct {
     uintptr_t compact_cursor_index;
     struct heap_page *pooled_pages;
     size_t total_pages;      /* total page count in a heap */
-    size_t total_slots;      /* total slot count (about total_pages * HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT) */
+    size_t total_slots;      /* total slot count */
 
 } rb_heap_t;
 
@@ -442,10 +496,35 @@ enum gc_mode {
     gc_mode_compacting,
 };
 
+typedef rbimpl_atomic_uint64_t gc_counter_t;
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS_64) && !defined(_WIN32) && \
+    !(defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx)))
+# define MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK 1
+#endif
+
+struct gc_malloc_bytes {
+    gc_counter_t malloc;
+    gc_counter_t free;
+
+    /* Snapshots of `malloc` / `free` taken at the end of the last GC */
+    gc_counter_t malloc_at_last_gc;
+    gc_counter_t free_at_last_gc;
+};
+
 typedef struct rb_objspace {
     struct {
+        struct gc_malloc_bytes counters;
+#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
+        struct gc_malloc_bytes oldcounters;
+#endif
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+        rb_nativethread_lock_t lock;
+#endif
+    } malloc_counters;
+
+    struct {
         size_t limit;
-        size_t increase;
 #if MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE
         size_t allocated_size;
         size_t allocations;
@@ -465,14 +544,12 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
         unsigned int during_compacting : 1;
         unsigned int during_reference_updating : 1;
         unsigned int gc_stressful: 1;
-        unsigned int has_newobj_hook: 1;
         unsigned int during_minor_gc : 1;
         unsigned int during_incremental_marking : 1;
         unsigned int measure_gc : 1;
     } flags;
 
     rb_event_flag_t hook_events;
-    unsigned long long next_object_id;
 
     rb_heap_t heaps[HEAP_COUNT];
     size_t empty_pages_count;
@@ -493,7 +570,7 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
         uintptr_t range[2];
         size_t freeable_pages;
 
-        size_t allocatable_slots;
+        size_t allocatable_bytes;
 
         /* final */
         VALUE deferred_final;
@@ -540,6 +617,7 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
         double gc_sweep_start_time;
         size_t total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start;
         size_t heap_used_at_gc_start;
+        size_t heap_total_slots_at_gc_start;
 
         /* basic statistics */
         size_t count;
@@ -550,13 +628,14 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
 
         /* Weak references */
         size_t weak_references_count;
-        size_t retained_weak_references_count;
     } profile;
 
     VALUE gc_stress_mode;
 
     struct {
+        bool parent_object_old_p;
         VALUE parent_object;
+
         int need_major_gc;
         size_t last_major_gc;
         size_t uncollectible_wb_unprotected_objects;
@@ -565,7 +644,6 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
         size_t old_objects_limit;
 
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-        size_t oldmalloc_increase;
         size_t oldmalloc_increase_limit;
 #endif
 
@@ -591,17 +669,20 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
         size_t step_slots;
     } rincgc;
 
-    st_table *id_to_obj_tbl;
-    st_table *obj_to_id_tbl;
-
 #if GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS
     VALUE stress_to_class;
 #endif
 
-    rb_darray(VALUE *) weak_references;
+    rb_darray(VALUE) weak_references;
     rb_postponed_job_handle_t finalize_deferred_pjob;
 
     unsigned long live_ractor_cache_count;
+
+    int sweeping_heap_count;
+
+    int fork_vm_lock_lev;
+
+    struct rb_gc_vm_context vm_context;
 } rb_objspace_t;
 
 #ifndef HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_LOG
@@ -609,10 +690,10 @@ typedef struct rb_objspace {
 #define HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_LOG 16
 #endif
 
-#if RACTOR_CHECK_MODE || GC_DEBUG
+#if RB_GC_OBJ_HAS_SUFFIX || GC_DEBUG
 struct rvalue_overhead {
-# if RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
-    uint32_t _ractor_belonging_id;
+# if RB_GC_OBJ_HAS_SUFFIX
+    struct rb_gc_obj_suffix suffix;
 # endif
 # if GC_DEBUG
     const char *file;
@@ -630,10 +711,37 @@ struct rvalue_overhead {
 size_t rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj);
 # define GET_RVALUE_OVERHEAD(obj) ((struct rvalue_overhead *)((uintptr_t)obj + rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(obj)))
 #else
-# define RVALUE_OVERHEAD 0
+# ifndef RVALUE_OVERHEAD
+#  define RVALUE_OVERHEAD 0
+# endif
 #endif
 
-#define BASE_SLOT_SIZE (sizeof(struct RBasic) + sizeof(VALUE[RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX]) + RVALUE_OVERHEAD)
+#define RVALUE_SLOT_SIZE (sizeof(struct RBasic) + sizeof(VALUE[RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX]) + RVALUE_OVERHEAD)
+
+static const size_t pool_slot_sizes[HEAP_COUNT] = {
+#define SLOT(size) ((size) + RVALUE_OVERHEAD),
+    EACH_POOL_SLOT_SIZE(SLOT)
+#undef SLOT
+};
+
+/* Precomputed reciprocals for fast slot index calculation.
+ * For slot size d: reciprocal = ceil(2^48 / d).
+ * Then offset / d == (uint32_t)((offset * reciprocal) >> 48)
+ * for all offset < HEAP_PAGE_SIZE. */
+#define SLOT_RECIPROCAL_SHIFT 48
+#define SLOT_RECIPROCAL(size) (((1ULL << SLOT_RECIPROCAL_SHIFT) + (size) - 1) / (size))
+
+static const uint64_t heap_slot_reciprocal_table[HEAP_COUNT] = {
+#define SLOT(size) SLOT_RECIPROCAL((size) + RVALUE_OVERHEAD),
+    EACH_POOL_SLOT_SIZE(SLOT)
+#undef SLOT
+};
+
+#if SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8
+static uint8_t size_to_heap_idx[1024 / 8 + 1];
+#else
+static uint8_t size_to_heap_idx[512 / 8 + 1];
+#endif
 
 #ifndef MAX
 # define MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
@@ -643,12 +751,12 @@ size_t rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj);
 #endif
 #define roomof(x, y) (((x) + (y) - 1) / (y))
 #define CEILDIV(i, mod) roomof(i, mod)
+#define MIN_POOL_SLOT_SIZE 32
 enum {
     HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN = (1UL << HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_LOG),
     HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK = (~(~0UL << HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_LOG)),
     HEAP_PAGE_SIZE = HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN,
-    HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT = (unsigned int)((HEAP_PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct heap_page_header)) / BASE_SLOT_SIZE),
-    HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT = CEILDIV(CEILDIV(HEAP_PAGE_SIZE, BASE_SLOT_SIZE), BITS_BITLENGTH),
+    HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT = CEILDIV(CEILDIV(HEAP_PAGE_SIZE, MIN_POOL_SLOT_SIZE), BITS_BITLENGTH),
     HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_SIZE = (BITS_SIZE * HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT),
 };
 #define HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN (1 << HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_LOG)
@@ -710,6 +818,10 @@ struct free_slot {
 };
 
 struct heap_page {
+    /* Cache line 0: allocation fast path + SLOT_INDEX */
+    struct free_slot *freelist;
+    uintptr_t start;
+    uint64_t slot_size_reciprocal;
     unsigned short slot_size;
     unsigned short total_slots;
     unsigned short free_slots;
@@ -725,8 +837,6 @@ struct heap_page {
 
     struct heap_page *free_next;
     struct heap_page_body *body;
-    uintptr_t start;
-    struct free_slot *freelist;
     struct ccan_list_node page_node;
 
     bits_t wb_unprotected_bits[HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT];
@@ -787,44 +897,63 @@ heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *
 #define GET_PAGE_HEADER(x) (&GET_PAGE_BODY(x)->header)
 #define GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)   (GET_PAGE_HEADER(x)->page)
 
-#define NUM_IN_PAGE(p)   (((bits_t)(p) & HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK) / BASE_SLOT_SIZE)
-#define BITMAP_INDEX(p)  (NUM_IN_PAGE(p) / BITS_BITLENGTH )
-#define BITMAP_OFFSET(p) (NUM_IN_PAGE(p) & (BITS_BITLENGTH-1))
-#define BITMAP_BIT(p)    ((bits_t)1 << BITMAP_OFFSET(p))
+static inline size_t
+slot_index_for_offset(size_t offset, uint64_t reciprocal)
+{
+    return (uint32_t)(((uint64_t)offset * reciprocal) >> SLOT_RECIPROCAL_SHIFT);
+}
+
+#define SLOT_INDEX(page, p)          slot_index_for_offset((uintptr_t)(p) - (page)->start, (page)->slot_size_reciprocal)
+#define SLOT_BITMAP_INDEX(page, p)   (SLOT_INDEX(page, p) / BITS_BITLENGTH)
+#define SLOT_BITMAP_OFFSET(page, p)  (SLOT_INDEX(page, p) & (BITS_BITLENGTH - 1))
+#define SLOT_BITMAP_BIT(page, p)     ((bits_t)1 << SLOT_BITMAP_OFFSET(page, p))
 
-/* Bitmap Operations */
-#define MARKED_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)    ((bits)[BITMAP_INDEX(p)] & BITMAP_BIT(p))
-#define MARK_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)      ((bits)[BITMAP_INDEX(p)] = (bits)[BITMAP_INDEX(p)] | BITMAP_BIT(p))
-#define CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)     ((bits)[BITMAP_INDEX(p)] = (bits)[BITMAP_INDEX(p)] & ~BITMAP_BIT(p))
+#define _MARKED_IN_BITMAP(bits, page, p)  ((bits)[SLOT_BITMAP_INDEX(page, p)] & SLOT_BITMAP_BIT(page, p))
+#define _MARK_IN_BITMAP(bits, page, p)    ((bits)[SLOT_BITMAP_INDEX(page, p)] |= SLOT_BITMAP_BIT(page, p))
+#define _CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(bits, page, p)   ((bits)[SLOT_BITMAP_INDEX(page, p)] &= ~SLOT_BITMAP_BIT(page, p))
+
+#define MARKED_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)    _MARKED_IN_BITMAP(bits, GET_HEAP_PAGE(p), p)
+#define MARK_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)      _MARK_IN_BITMAP(bits, GET_HEAP_PAGE(p), p)
+#define CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(bits, p)     _CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(bits, GET_HEAP_PAGE(p), p)
 
-/* getting bitmap */
 #define GET_HEAP_MARK_BITS(x)           (&GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)->mark_bits[0])
 #define GET_HEAP_PINNED_BITS(x)         (&GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)->pinned_bits[0])
 #define GET_HEAP_UNCOLLECTIBLE_BITS(x)  (&GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)->uncollectible_bits[0])
 #define GET_HEAP_WB_UNPROTECTED_BITS(x) (&GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)->wb_unprotected_bits[0])
 #define GET_HEAP_MARKING_BITS(x)        (&GET_HEAP_PAGE(x)->marking_bits[0])
 
-#define GC_SWEEP_PAGES_FREEABLE_PER_STEP 3
-
-#define RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_INDEX(n)  (NUM_IN_PAGE(n) / (BITS_BITLENGTH / RVALUE_AGE_BIT_COUNT))
-#define RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_OFFSET(n) ((NUM_IN_PAGE(n) % (BITS_BITLENGTH / RVALUE_AGE_BIT_COUNT)) * RVALUE_AGE_BIT_COUNT)
-
 static int
 RVALUE_AGE_GET(VALUE obj)
 {
-    bits_t *age_bits = GET_HEAP_PAGE(obj)->age_bits;
-    return (int)(age_bits[RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_INDEX(obj)] >> RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_OFFSET(obj)) & RVALUE_AGE_BIT_MASK;
+    struct heap_page *page = GET_HEAP_PAGE(obj);
+    bits_t *age_bits = page->age_bits;
+    size_t slot_idx = SLOT_INDEX(page, obj);
+    size_t idx = (slot_idx / BITS_BITLENGTH) * 2;
+    int shift = (int)(slot_idx & (BITS_BITLENGTH - 1));
+    int lo = (age_bits[idx] >> shift) & 1;
+    int hi = (age_bits[idx + 1] >> shift) & 1;
+    return lo | (hi << 1);
 }
 
 static void
-RVALUE_AGE_SET(VALUE obj, int age)
+RVALUE_AGE_SET_BITMAP(VALUE obj, int age)
 {
     RUBY_ASSERT(age <= RVALUE_OLD_AGE);
-    bits_t *age_bits = GET_HEAP_PAGE(obj)->age_bits;
-    // clear the bits
-    age_bits[RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_INDEX(obj)] &= ~(RVALUE_AGE_BIT_MASK << (RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_OFFSET(obj)));
-    // shift the correct value in
-    age_bits[RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_INDEX(obj)] |= ((bits_t)age << RVALUE_AGE_BITMAP_OFFSET(obj));
+    struct heap_page *page = GET_HEAP_PAGE(obj);
+    bits_t *age_bits = page->age_bits;
+    size_t slot_idx = SLOT_INDEX(page, obj);
+    size_t idx = (slot_idx / BITS_BITLENGTH) * 2;
+    int shift = (int)(slot_idx & (BITS_BITLENGTH - 1));
+    bits_t mask = (bits_t)1 << shift;
+
+    age_bits[idx]     = (age_bits[idx]     & ~mask) | ((bits_t)(age & 1) << shift);
+    age_bits[idx + 1] = (age_bits[idx + 1] & ~mask) | ((bits_t)((age >> 1) & 1) << shift);
+}
+
+static void
+RVALUE_AGE_SET(VALUE obj, int age)
+{
+    RVALUE_AGE_SET_BITMAP(obj, age);
     if (age == RVALUE_OLD_AGE) {
         RB_FL_SET_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_PROMOTED);
     }
@@ -834,8 +963,112 @@ RVALUE_AGE_SET(VALUE obj, int age)
 }
 
 #define malloc_limit		objspace->malloc_params.limit
-#define malloc_increase 	objspace->malloc_params.increase
+#define malloc_increase 	gc_malloc_counters_increase_unsigned(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.counters)
 #define malloc_allocated_size 	objspace->malloc_params.allocated_size
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+# define MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(o)   rb_native_mutex_lock(&(o)->malloc_counters.lock)
+# define MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(o) rb_native_mutex_unlock(&(o)->malloc_counters.lock)
+#else
+# define MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(o)   ((void)0)
+# define MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(o) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+static inline void
+gc_counter_add(gc_counter_t *p, size_t delta)
+{
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    *p += (gc_counter_t)delta;
+#else
+    rbimpl_atomic_u64_fetch_add_relaxed(p, (uint64_t)delta);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline gc_counter_t
+gc_counter_load_relaxed(const gc_counter_t *p)
+{
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    return *p;
+#else
+    return rbimpl_atomic_u64_load_relaxed(p);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline gc_counter_t
+gc_counter_load_acquire(const gc_counter_t *p)
+{
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    return *p;
+#else
+    return rbimpl_atomic_u64_load_acquire(p);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void
+gc_counter_store_release(gc_counter_t *p, gc_counter_t v)
+{
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    *p = v;
+#else
+    rbimpl_atomic_u64_set_release(p, v);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int64_t
+gc_malloc_counters_increase(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const struct gc_malloc_bytes *c)
+{
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+    gc_counter_t malloc_at = gc_counter_load_acquire(&c->malloc_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_t free_at   = gc_counter_load_acquire(&c->free_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_t malloc_now = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->malloc);
+    gc_counter_t free_now   = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->free);
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
+
+    gc_counter_t malloc_delta = malloc_now - malloc_at;
+    gc_counter_t free_delta   = free_now   - free_at;
+
+    if (malloc_delta >= free_delta) {
+        return (int64_t)(malloc_delta - free_delta);
+    }
+    else {
+        return -(int64_t)(free_delta - malloc_delta);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+gc_malloc_counters_increase_unsigned(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const struct gc_malloc_bytes *c)
+{
+    int64_t inc = gc_malloc_counters_increase(objspace, c);
+    if (inc <= 0) return 0;
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T < 8
+    if ((uint64_t)inc > SIZE_MAX) return SIZE_MAX;
+#endif
+    return (size_t)inc;
+}
+
+static inline int64_t
+gc_malloc_counters_snapshot(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct gc_malloc_bytes *c)
+{
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+    gc_counter_t malloc_now = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->malloc);
+    gc_counter_t free_now   = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->free);
+    gc_counter_t malloc_at  = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->malloc_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_t free_at    = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&c->free_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&c->malloc_at_last_gc, malloc_now);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&c->free_at_last_gc,   free_now);
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
+
+    gc_counter_t malloc_delta = malloc_now - malloc_at;
+    gc_counter_t free_delta   = free_now   - free_at;
+
+    if (malloc_delta >= free_delta) {
+        return (int64_t)(malloc_delta - free_delta);
+    }
+    else {
+        return -(int64_t)(free_delta - malloc_delta);
+    }
+}
+
 #define heap_pages_lomem	objspace->heap_pages.range[0]
 #define heap_pages_himem	objspace->heap_pages.range[1]
 #define heap_pages_freeable_pages	objspace->heap_pages.freeable_pages
@@ -901,12 +1134,7 @@ gc_mode_verify(enum gc_mode mode)
 static inline bool
 has_sweeping_pages(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
-        if ((&heaps[i])->sweeping_page) {
-            return TRUE;
-        }
-    }
-    return FALSE;
+    return objspace->sweeping_heap_count != 0;
 }
 
 static inline size_t
@@ -961,9 +1189,22 @@ total_final_slots_count(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 #define is_full_marking(objspace)        ((objspace)->flags.during_minor_gc == FALSE)
 #define is_incremental_marking(objspace) ((objspace)->flags.during_incremental_marking != FALSE)
 #define will_be_incremental_marking(objspace) ((objspace)->rgengc.need_major_gc != GPR_FLAG_NONE)
-#define GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_SLOT_COUNT 2048
-#define GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_POOL_SLOT_COUNT 1024
+/*
+ * Byte budget for incremental sweep steps. Each step sweeps at most
+ * this many bytes worth of slots before yielding. The effective slot
+ * count per step is GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_BYTES / heap->slot_size,
+ * so larger slot pools (which are less heavily used) naturally get
+ * fewer slots swept per step.
+ *
+ * Baseline: 2048 slots * RVALUE_SLOT_SIZE = 2048 * 40 = 81920 bytes,
+ * preserving the historical behavior for the smallest heap.
+ */
+#define GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_BYTES           (2048 * RVALUE_SLOT_SIZE)
+#define GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_POOL_BYTES      (1024 * RVALUE_SLOT_SIZE)
 #define is_lazy_sweeping(objspace)           (GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP && has_sweeping_pages(objspace))
+/* In lazy sweeping or the previous incremental marking finished and did not yield a free page. */
+#define needs_continue_sweeping(objspace, heap) \
+    ((heap)->free_pages == NULL && is_lazy_sweeping(objspace))
 
 #if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
 # define obj_id_to_ref(objid) ((objid) ^ FIXNUM_FLAG) /* unset FIXNUM_FLAG */
@@ -975,7 +1216,7 @@ total_final_slots_count(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 #endif
 
 struct RZombie {
-    struct RBasic basic;
+    VALUE flags;
     VALUE next;
     void (*dfree)(void *);
     void *data;
@@ -983,9 +1224,9 @@ struct RZombie {
 
 #define RZOMBIE(o) ((struct RZombie *)(o))
 
-int ruby_enable_autocompact = 0;
+static bool ruby_enable_autocompact = false;
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
-gc_compact_compare_func ruby_autocompact_compare_func;
+static gc_compact_compare_func ruby_autocompact_compare_func;
 #endif
 
 static void init_mark_stack(mark_stack_t *stack);
@@ -1089,10 +1330,10 @@ tick(void)
     return val;
 }
 
+#elif defined(__POWERPC__) && defined(__APPLE__)
 /* Implementation for macOS PPC by @nobu
  * See: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5975#discussion_r890045558
  */
-#elif defined(__POWERPC__) && defined(__APPLE__)
 typedef unsigned long long tick_t;
 #define PRItick "llu"
 
@@ -1211,7 +1452,7 @@ check_rvalue_consistency_force(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE obj, int ter
 {
     int err = 0;
 
-    int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier();
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
     {
         if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "check_rvalue_consistency: %p is a special const.\n", (void *)obj);
@@ -1301,7 +1542,7 @@ check_rvalue_consistency_force(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE obj, int ter
             }
         }
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
 
     if (err > 0 && terminate) {
         rb_bug("check_rvalue_consistency_force: there is %d errors.", err);
@@ -1327,16 +1568,12 @@ check_rvalue_consistency(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE obj)
 static inline bool
 gc_object_moved_p(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
-        return FALSE;
-    }
-    else {
-        int ret;
-        asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) {
-            ret = BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MOVED;
-        }
-        return ret;
+
+    bool ret;
+    asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) {
+        ret = BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MOVED;
     }
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static inline int
@@ -1477,7 +1714,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_set_event_hook(void *objspace_ptr, const rb_event_flag_t event)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
     objspace->hook_events = event & RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_OBJSPACE_MASK;
-    objspace->flags.has_newobj_hook = !!(objspace->hook_events & RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ);
 }
 
 unsigned long long
@@ -1507,38 +1743,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_get_measure_total_time(void *objspace_ptr)
     return objspace->flags.measure_gc;
 }
 
-static size_t
-minimum_slots_for_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
-{
-    size_t heap_idx = heap - heaps;
-    return gc_params.heap_init_slots[heap_idx];
-}
-
-static int
-object_id_cmp(st_data_t x, st_data_t y)
-{
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
-        return !rb_big_eql(x, y);
-    }
-    else {
-        return x != y;
-    }
-}
-
-static st_index_t
-object_id_hash(st_data_t n)
-{
-    return FIX2LONG(rb_hash((VALUE)n));
-}
-
-#define OBJ_ID_INCREMENT (RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK + 1)
-#define OBJ_ID_INITIAL (OBJ_ID_INCREMENT)
-
-static const struct st_hash_type object_id_hash_type = {
-    object_id_cmp,
-    object_id_hash,
-};
-
 /* garbage objects will be collected soon. */
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE ptr)
@@ -1564,54 +1768,12 @@ rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE ptr)
         !RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, ptr);
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_object_id_to_ref(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE object_id)
+struct rb_gc_vm_context *
+rb_gc_impl_get_vm_context(void *objspace_ptr)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
-    VALUE obj;
-    if (st_lookup(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, object_id, &obj) &&
-            !rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(objspace, obj)) {
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    if (rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern(">="), 1, ULL2NUM(objspace->next_object_id))) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is not id value", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is recycled object", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
-    }
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_object_id(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE id;
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
-
-    unsigned int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)) {
-        st_data_t val;
-        if (st_lookup(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)obj, &val)) {
-            id = (VALUE)val;
-        }
-        else {
-            rb_bug("rb_gc_impl_object_id: FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID flag set but not found in table");
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        GC_ASSERT(!st_lookup(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)obj, NULL));
-
-        id = ULL2NUM(objspace->next_object_id);
-        objspace->next_object_id += OBJ_ID_INCREMENT;
-
-        st_insert(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)obj, (st_data_t)id);
-        st_insert(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, (st_data_t)id, (st_data_t)obj);
-        FL_SET(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID);
-    }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
-
-    return id;
+    return &objspace->vm_context;
 }
 
 static void free_stack_chunks(mark_stack_t *);
@@ -1631,13 +1793,14 @@ heap_page_add_freeobj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page, VALUE obj
     page->freelist = slot;
     asan_lock_freelist(page);
 
-    RVALUE_AGE_RESET(obj);
+    // Should have already been reset
+    GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_AGE_GET(obj) == 0);
 
     if (RGENGC_CHECK_MODE &&
         /* obj should belong to page */
         !(page->start <= (uintptr_t)obj &&
           (uintptr_t)obj   <  ((uintptr_t)page->start + (page->total_slots * page->slot_size)) &&
-          obj % BASE_SLOT_SIZE == 0)) {
+          obj % sizeof(VALUE) == 0)) {
         rb_bug("heap_page_add_freeobj: %p is not rvalue.", (void *)obj);
     }
 
@@ -1646,8 +1809,8 @@ heap_page_add_freeobj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page, VALUE obj
 }
 
 static void
-heap_allocatable_slots_expand(rb_objspace_t *objspace,
-        rb_heap_t *heap, size_t free_slots, size_t total_slots)
+heap_allocatable_bytes_expand(rb_objspace_t *objspace,
+        rb_heap_t *heap, size_t free_slots, size_t total_slots, size_t slot_size)
 {
     double goal_ratio = gc_params.heap_free_slots_goal_ratio;
     size_t target_total_slots;
@@ -1656,7 +1819,7 @@ heap_allocatable_slots_expand(rb_objspace_t *objspace,
         target_total_slots = (size_t)(total_slots * gc_params.growth_factor);
     }
     else if (total_slots == 0) {
-        target_total_slots = minimum_slots_for_heap(objspace, heap);
+        target_total_slots = gc_params.heap_init_bytes / slot_size;
     }
     else {
         /* Find `f' where free_slots = f * total_slots * goal_ratio
@@ -1679,8 +1842,8 @@ heap_allocatable_slots_expand(rb_objspace_t *objspace,
         }
     }
 
-    if (gc_params.growth_max_slots > 0) {
-        size_t max_total_slots = (size_t)(total_slots + gc_params.growth_max_slots);
+    if (gc_params.growth_max_bytes > 0) {
+        size_t max_total_slots = total_slots + gc_params.growth_max_bytes / slot_size;
         if (target_total_slots > max_total_slots) target_total_slots = max_total_slots;
     }
 
@@ -1688,7 +1851,7 @@ heap_allocatable_slots_expand(rb_objspace_t *objspace,
     /* Extend by at least 1 page. */
     if (extend_slot_count == 0) extend_slot_count = 1;
 
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots += extend_slot_count;
+    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes += extend_slot_count * slot_size;
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -1771,13 +1934,7 @@ heap_page_free(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page)
 static void
 heap_pages_free_unused_pages(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
-    size_t pages_to_keep_count =
-        // Get number of pages estimated for the smallest size pool
-        CEILDIV(objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots, HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT) *
-            // Estimate the average slot size multiple
-            (1 << (HEAP_COUNT / 2));
-
-    if (objspace->empty_pages != NULL && objspace->empty_pages_count > pages_to_keep_count) {
+    if (objspace->empty_pages != NULL && heap_pages_freeable_pages > 0) {
         GC_ASSERT(objspace->empty_pages_count > 0);
         objspace->empty_pages = NULL;
         objspace->empty_pages_count = 0;
@@ -1786,15 +1943,15 @@ heap_pages_free_unused_pages(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
         for (i = j = 0; i < rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted); i++) {
             struct heap_page *page = rb_darray_get(objspace->heap_pages.sorted, i);
 
-            if (heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(objspace, page) && pages_to_keep_count == 0) {
+            if (heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(objspace, page) && heap_pages_freeable_pages > 0) {
                 heap_page_free(objspace, page);
+                heap_pages_freeable_pages--;
             }
             else {
-                if (heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(objspace, page) && pages_to_keep_count > 0) {
+                if (heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(objspace, page)) {
                     page->free_next = objspace->empty_pages;
                     objspace->empty_pages = page;
                     objspace->empty_pages_count++;
-                    pages_to_keep_count--;
                 }
 
                 if (i != j) {
@@ -1916,7 +2073,10 @@ static struct heap_page *
 heap_page_resurrect(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
     struct heap_page *page = NULL;
-    if (objspace->empty_pages != NULL) {
+    if (objspace->empty_pages == NULL) {
+        GC_ASSERT(objspace->empty_pages_count == 0);
+    }
+    else {
         GC_ASSERT(objspace->empty_pages_count > 0);
         objspace->empty_pages_count--;
         page = objspace->empty_pages;
@@ -1981,31 +2141,22 @@ heap_add_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, struct heap_page *page)
     GC_ASSERT(!heap->sweeping_page);
     GC_ASSERT(heap_page_in_global_empty_pages_pool(objspace, page));
 
-    /* adjust obj_limit (object number available in this page) */
+    /* Align start to slot_size boundary */
     uintptr_t start = (uintptr_t)page->body + sizeof(struct heap_page_header);
-    if (start % BASE_SLOT_SIZE != 0) {
-        int delta = BASE_SLOT_SIZE - (start % BASE_SLOT_SIZE);
-        start = start + delta;
-        GC_ASSERT(NUM_IN_PAGE(start) == 0 || NUM_IN_PAGE(start) == 1);
-
-        /* Find a num in page that is evenly divisible by `stride`.
-         * This is to ensure that objects are aligned with bit planes.
-         * In other words, ensure there are an even number of objects
-         * per bit plane. */
-        if (NUM_IN_PAGE(start) == 1) {
-            start += heap->slot_size - BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-        }
-
-        GC_ASSERT(NUM_IN_PAGE(start) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE % heap->slot_size == 0);
-    }
+    uintptr_t rem = start % heap->slot_size;
+    if (rem) start += heap->slot_size - rem;
 
     int slot_count = (int)((HEAP_PAGE_SIZE - (start - (uintptr_t)page->body))/heap->slot_size);
 
     page->start = start;
     page->total_slots = slot_count;
     page->slot_size = heap->slot_size;
+    page->slot_size_reciprocal = heap_slot_reciprocal_table[heap - heaps];
     page->heap = heap;
 
+    memset(&page->wb_unprotected_bits[0], 0, HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_SIZE);
+    memset(&page->age_bits[0], 0, sizeof(page->age_bits));
+
     asan_unlock_freelist(page);
     page->freelist = NULL;
     asan_unpoison_memory_region(page->body, HEAP_PAGE_SIZE, false);
@@ -2026,47 +2177,56 @@ heap_add_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, struct heap_page *page)
 static int
 heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
-    if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots > 0) {
-        gc_report(1, objspace, "heap_page_allocate_and_initialize: rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted): %"PRIdSIZE", "
-                  "allocatable_slots: %"PRIdSIZE", heap->total_pages: %"PRIdSIZE"\n",
-                  rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted), objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots, heap->total_pages);
+    gc_report(1, objspace, "heap_page_allocate_and_initialize: rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted): %"PRIdSIZE", "
+                  "allocatable_bytes: %"PRIdSIZE", heap->total_pages: %"PRIdSIZE"\n",
+                  rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted), objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes, heap->total_pages);
 
-        struct heap_page *page = heap_page_resurrect(objspace);
-        if (page == NULL) {
-            page = heap_page_allocate(objspace);
-        }
+    bool allocated = false;
+    struct heap_page *page = heap_page_resurrect(objspace);
+
+    if (page == NULL && objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes > 0) {
+        page = heap_page_allocate(objspace);
+        allocated = true;
+
+        GC_ASSERT(page != NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (page != NULL) {
         heap_add_page(objspace, heap, page);
         heap_add_freepage(heap, page);
 
-        if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots > (size_t)page->total_slots) {
-            objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots -= page->total_slots;
-        }
-        else {
-            objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = 0;
+        if (allocated) {
+            size_t page_bytes = (size_t)page->total_slots * page->slot_size;
+            if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes > page_bytes) {
+                objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes -= page_bytes;
+            }
+            else {
+                objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = 0;
+            }
         }
-
-        return true;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    return page != NULL;
 }
 
 static void
 heap_page_allocate_and_initialize_force(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
-    size_t prev_allocatable_slots = objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots;
-    // Set allocatable slots to 1 to force a page to be created.
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = 1;
+    size_t prev_allocatable_bytes = objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes;
+    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = HEAP_PAGE_SIZE;
     heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(objspace, heap);
     GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages != NULL);
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = prev_allocatable_slots;
+    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = prev_allocatable_bytes;
 }
 
 static void
 gc_continue(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
     unsigned int lock_lev;
-    gc_enter(objspace, gc_enter_event_continue, &lock_lev);
+    bool needs_gc = is_incremental_marking(objspace) || needs_continue_sweeping(objspace, heap);
+    if (!needs_gc) return;
+
+    gc_enter(objspace, gc_enter_event_continue, &lock_lev); // takes vm barrier, try to avoid
 
     /* Continue marking if in incremental marking. */
     if (is_incremental_marking(objspace)) {
@@ -2075,9 +2235,7 @@ gc_continue(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
         }
     }
 
-    /* Continue sweeping if in lazy sweeping or the previous incremental
-     * marking finished and did not yield a free page. */
-    if (heap->free_pages == NULL && is_lazy_sweeping(objspace)) {
+    if (needs_continue_sweeping(objspace, heap)) {
         gc_sweep_continue(objspace, heap);
     }
 
@@ -2089,7 +2247,7 @@ heap_prepare(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
     GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages == NULL);
 
-    if (heap->total_slots < gc_params.heap_init_slots[heap - heaps] &&
+    if (heap->total_slots < gc_params.heap_init_bytes / heap->slot_size &&
             heap->sweeping_page == NULL) {
         heap_page_allocate_and_initialize_force(objspace, heap);
         GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages != NULL);
@@ -2106,15 +2264,18 @@ heap_prepare(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
     /* If we still don't have a free page and not allowed to create a new page,
      * we should start a new GC cycle. */
     if (heap->free_pages == NULL) {
+        GC_ASSERT(objspace->empty_pages_count == 0);
+        GC_ASSERT(objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes == 0);
+
         if (gc_start(objspace, GPR_FLAG_NEWOBJ) == FALSE) {
             rb_memerror();
         }
         else {
-            if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots == 0 && !gc_config_full_mark_val) {
-                heap_allocatable_slots_expand(objspace, heap,
+            if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes == 0 && !gc_config_full_mark_val) {
+                heap_allocatable_bytes_expand(objspace, heap,
                         heap->freed_slots + heap->empty_slots,
-                        heap->total_slots);
-                GC_ASSERT(objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots > 0);
+                        heap->total_slots, heap->slot_size);
+                GC_ASSERT(objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes > 0);
             }
             /* Do steps of incremental marking or lazy sweeping if the GC run permits. */
             gc_continue(objspace, heap);
@@ -2147,16 +2308,6 @@ heap_prepare(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
     GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages != NULL);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-newobj_fill(VALUE obj, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3)
-{
-    VALUE *p = (VALUE *)obj;
-    p[2] = v1;
-    p[3] = v2;
-    p[4] = v3;
-    return obj;
-}
-
 #if GC_DEBUG
 static inline const char*
 rb_gc_impl_source_location_cstr(int *ptr)
@@ -2178,27 +2329,16 @@ rb_gc_impl_source_location_cstr(int *ptr)
 static inline VALUE
 newobj_init(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, int wb_protected, rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-#if !__has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
     GC_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NONE);
     GC_ASSERT((flags & FL_WB_PROTECTED) == 0);
-#endif
     RBASIC(obj)->flags = flags;
     *((VALUE *)&RBASIC(obj)->klass) = klass;
-
-    int t = flags & RUBY_T_MASK;
-    if (t == T_CLASS || t == T_MODULE || t == T_ICLASS) {
-        RVALUE_AGE_SET_CANDIDATE(objspace, obj);
-    }
-
-#if RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
-    void rb_ractor_setup_belonging(VALUE obj);
-    rb_ractor_setup_belonging(obj);
+#if RBASIC_SHAPE_ID_FIELD
+    RBASIC(obj)->shape_id = 0;
 #endif
 
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
-    newobj_fill(obj, 0, 0, 0);
-
-    int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier();
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
     {
         check_rvalue_consistency(objspace, obj);
 
@@ -2209,7 +2349,7 @@ newobj_init(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, int wb_protected, rb_objspace_t *objspace,
 
         if (RVALUE_REMEMBERED(objspace, obj)) rb_bug("newobj: %s is remembered.", rb_obj_info(obj));
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
 #endif
 
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(wb_protected == FALSE)) {
@@ -2238,7 +2378,7 @@ newobj_init(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, int wb_protected, rb_objspace_t *objspace,
 
     gc_report(5, objspace, "newobj: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
 
-    RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("obj:%p (%s)", (void *)obj, rb_obj_info(obj));
+    // RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("obj:%p (%s)", (void *)obj, rb_obj_info(obj));
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -2253,22 +2393,26 @@ heap_slot_size(unsigned char pool_id)
 {
     GC_ASSERT(pool_id < HEAP_COUNT);
 
-    size_t slot_size = (1 << pool_id) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-
-#if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
-    GC_ASSERT(heaps[pool_id].slot_size == (short)slot_size);
-#endif
-
-    slot_size -= RVALUE_OVERHEAD;
-
-    return slot_size;
+    return pool_slot_sizes[pool_id] - RVALUE_OVERHEAD;
 }
 
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(size_t size)
 {
-    return size <= heap_slot_size(HEAP_COUNT - 1);
+    return size + RVALUE_OVERHEAD <= pool_slot_sizes[HEAP_COUNT - 1];
+}
+
+static const size_t ALLOCATED_COUNT_STEP = 1024;
+static void
+ractor_cache_flush_count(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *cache)
+{
+    for (int heap_idx = 0; heap_idx < HEAP_COUNT; heap_idx++) {
+        rb_ractor_newobj_heap_cache_t *heap_cache = &cache->heap_caches[heap_idx];
+
+        rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[heap_idx];
+        RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(heap->total_allocated_objects, heap_cache->allocated_objects_count);
+        heap_cache->allocated_objects_count = 0;
+    }
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
@@ -2293,6 +2437,14 @@ ractor_cache_allocate_slot(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *ca
         VALUE obj = (VALUE)p;
         rb_asan_unpoison_object(obj, true);
         heap_cache->freelist = p->next;
+
+        heap_cache->allocated_objects_count++;
+        rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[heap_idx];
+        if (heap_cache->allocated_objects_count >= ALLOCATED_COUNT_STEP) {
+            RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(heap->total_allocated_objects, heap_cache->allocated_objects_count);
+            heap_cache->allocated_objects_count = 0;
+        }
+
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
         GC_ASSERT(rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(obj) == heap_slot_size(heap_idx));
         // zero clear
@@ -2346,28 +2498,30 @@ ractor_cache_set_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *cache,
     rb_asan_poison_object((VALUE)heap_cache->freelist);
 }
 
+static void
+init_size_to_heap_idx(void)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(size_to_heap_idx); i++) {
+        size_t effective = i * 8 + RVALUE_OVERHEAD;
+        uint8_t idx;
+        for (idx = 0; idx < HEAP_COUNT; idx++) {
+            if (effective <= pool_slot_sizes[idx]) break;
+        }
+        size_to_heap_idx[i] = idx;
+    }
+}
+
 static inline size_t
 heap_idx_for_size(size_t size)
 {
-    size += RVALUE_OVERHEAD;
-
-    size_t slot_count = CEILDIV(size, BASE_SLOT_SIZE);
-
-    /* heap_idx is ceil(log2(slot_count)) */
-    size_t heap_idx = 64 - nlz_int64(slot_count - 1);
-
-    if (heap_idx >= HEAP_COUNT) {
-        rb_bug("heap_idx_for_size: allocation size too large "
-               "(size=%"PRIuSIZE"u, heap_idx=%"PRIuSIZE"u)", size, heap_idx);
+    size_t compressed = (size + 7) >> 3;
+    if (compressed < sizeof(size_to_heap_idx)) {
+        size_t heap_idx = size_to_heap_idx[compressed];
+        if (RB_LIKELY(heap_idx < HEAP_COUNT)) return heap_idx;
     }
 
-#if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
-    GC_ASSERT(size <= (size_t)heaps[heap_idx].slot_size);
-    if (heap_idx > 0) GC_ASSERT(size > (size_t)heaps[heap_idx - 1].slot_size);
-#endif
-
-    return heap_idx;
+    rb_bug("heap_idx_for_size: allocation size too large "
+           "(size=%"PRIuSIZE")", size);
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -2403,7 +2557,7 @@ newobj_cache_miss(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *cache, size
     bool unlock_vm = false;
 
     if (!vm_locked) {
-        lev = rb_gc_cr_lock();
+        lev = RB_GC_CR_LOCK();
         unlock_vm = true;
     }
 
@@ -2427,7 +2581,7 @@ newobj_cache_miss(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *cache, size
     }
 
     if (unlock_vm) {
-        rb_gc_cr_unlock(lev);
+        RB_GC_CR_UNLOCK(lev);
     }
 
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(obj == Qfalse)) {
@@ -2445,12 +2599,6 @@ newobj_alloc(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *cache, size_t he
         obj = newobj_cache_miss(objspace, cache, heap_idx, vm_locked);
     }
 
-    rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[heap_idx];
-    heap->total_allocated_objects++;
-    GC_ASSERT(rb_gc_multi_ractor_p() ||
-        heap->total_slots >=
-            (heap->total_allocated_objects - heap->total_freed_objects - heap->final_slots_count));
-
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -2462,7 +2610,7 @@ newobj_slowpath(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_new
     VALUE obj;
     unsigned int lev;
 
-    lev = rb_gc_cr_lock();
+    lev = RB_GC_CR_LOCK();
     {
         if (RB_UNLIKELY(during_gc || ruby_gc_stressful)) {
             if (during_gc) {
@@ -2484,7 +2632,7 @@ newobj_slowpath(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_ractor_new
         obj = newobj_alloc(objspace, cache, heap_idx, true);
         newobj_init(klass, flags, wb_protected, objspace, obj);
     }
-    rb_gc_cr_unlock(lev);
+    RB_GC_CR_UNLOCK(lev);
 
     return obj;
 }
@@ -2507,7 +2655,7 @@ newobj_slowpath_wb_unprotected(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, rb_objspace_t *objspace
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size)
+rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size)
 {
     VALUE obj;
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
@@ -2516,7 +2664,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags
     (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(obj_newobj_wb_unprotected, !wb_protected);
 
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(stress_to_class)) {
-        if (RTEST(rb_hash_has_key(stress_to_class, klass))) {
+        if (rb_hash_lookup2(stress_to_class, klass, Qundef) != Qundef) {
             rb_memerror();
         }
     }
@@ -2538,7 +2686,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags
           newobj_slowpath_wb_unprotected(klass, flags, objspace, cache, heap_idx);
     }
 
-    return newobj_fill(obj, v1, v2, v3);
+    return obj;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2590,7 +2738,7 @@ is_pointer_to_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const void *ptr)
     if (p < heap_pages_lomem || p > heap_pages_himem) return FALSE;
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(gc_isptr_range);
 
-    if (p % BASE_SLOT_SIZE != 0) return FALSE;
+    if (p % sizeof(VALUE) != 0) return FALSE;
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(gc_isptr_align);
 
     page = heap_page_for_ptr(objspace, (uintptr_t)ptr);
@@ -2602,7 +2750,7 @@ is_pointer_to_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const void *ptr)
         else {
             if (p < page->start) return FALSE;
             if (p >= page->start + (page->total_slots * page->slot_size)) return FALSE;
-            if ((NUM_IN_PAGE(p) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE) % page->slot_size != 0) return FALSE;
+            if ((p - page->start) % page->slot_size != 0) return FALSE;
 
             return TRUE;
         }
@@ -2616,7 +2764,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(void *objspace_ptr, const void *ptr)
     return is_pointer_to_heap(objspace_ptr, ptr);
 }
 
-#define ZOMBIE_OBJ_KEPT_FLAGS (FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID | FL_FINALIZE)
+#define ZOMBIE_OBJ_KEPT_FLAGS (FL_FINALIZE)
 
 void
 rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, void (*dfree)(void *), void *data)
@@ -2624,7 +2772,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, void (*dfree)(void *), voi
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
     struct RZombie *zombie = RZOMBIE(obj);
-    zombie->basic.flags = T_ZOMBIE | (zombie->basic.flags & ZOMBIE_OBJ_KEPT_FLAGS);
+    zombie->flags = T_ZOMBIE | (zombie->flags & ZOMBIE_OBJ_KEPT_FLAGS);
     zombie->dfree = dfree;
     zombie->data = data;
     VALUE prev, next = heap_pages_deferred_final;
@@ -2638,23 +2786,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, void (*dfree)(void *), voi
     page->heap->final_slots_count++;
 }
 
-static void
-obj_free_object_id(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
-{
-    st_data_t o = (st_data_t)obj, id;
-
-    GC_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NONE || FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID));
-    FL_UNSET(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID);
-
-    if (st_delete(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, &o, &id)) {
-        GC_ASSERT(id);
-        st_delete(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, &id, NULL);
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_bug("Object ID seen, but not in mapping table: %s", rb_obj_info(obj));
-    }
-}
-
 typedef int each_obj_callback(void *, void *, size_t, void *);
 typedef int each_page_callback(struct heap_page *, void *);
 
@@ -2816,30 +2947,38 @@ rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALUE block)
 
     RBASIC(obj)->flags |= FL_FINALIZE;
 
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
     if (st_lookup(finalizer_table, obj, &data)) {
         table = (VALUE)data;
+        VALUE dup_table = rb_ary_dup(table);
 
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
         /* avoid duplicate block, table is usually small */
         {
             long len = RARRAY_LEN(table);
             long i;
 
             for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-                VALUE recv = RARRAY_AREF(table, i);
-                if (rb_equal(recv, block)) {
+                VALUE recv = RARRAY_AREF(dup_table, i);
+                if (rb_equal(recv, block)) { // can't be called with VM lock held
                     return recv;
                 }
             }
         }
+        lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+        RB_GC_GUARD(dup_table);
 
         rb_ary_push(table, block);
     }
     else {
-        table = rb_ary_new3(1, block);
+        table = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_obj_id(obj), block);
         rb_obj_hide(table);
         st_add_direct(finalizer_table, obj, table);
     }
 
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+
     return block;
 }
 
@@ -2851,7 +2990,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_undefine_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
     GC_ASSERT(!OBJ_FROZEN(obj));
 
     st_data_t data = obj;
+
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     st_delete(finalizer_table, &data, 0);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+
     FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
 }
 
@@ -2864,27 +3007,17 @@ rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
 
     if (!FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) return;
 
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     if (RB_LIKELY(st_lookup(finalizer_table, obj, &data))) {
-        table = (VALUE)data;
+        table = rb_ary_dup((VALUE)data);
+        RARRAY_ASET(table, 0, rb_obj_id(dest));
         st_insert(finalizer_table, dest, table);
         FL_SET(dest, FL_FINALIZE);
     }
     else {
         rb_bug("rb_gc_copy_finalizer: FL_FINALIZE set but not found in finalizer_table: %s", rb_obj_info(obj));
     }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-get_object_id_in_finalizer(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)) {
-        return rb_gc_impl_object_id(objspace, obj);
-    }
-    else {
-        VALUE id = ULL2NUM(objspace->next_object_id);
-        objspace->next_object_id += OBJ_ID_INCREMENT;
-        return id;
-    }
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2892,11 +3025,11 @@ get_final(long i, void *data)
 {
     VALUE table = (VALUE)data;
 
-    return RARRAY_AREF(table, i);
+    return RARRAY_AREF(table, i + 1);
 }
 
-static void
-run_final(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE zombie)
+static unsigned int
+run_final(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE zombie, unsigned int lev)
 {
     if (RZOMBIE(zombie)->dfree) {
         RZOMBIE(zombie)->dfree(RZOMBIE(zombie)->data);
@@ -2907,7 +3040,9 @@ run_final(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE zombie)
         FL_UNSET(zombie, FL_FINALIZE);
         st_data_t table;
         if (st_delete(finalizer_table, &key, &table)) {
-            rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(get_object_id_in_finalizer(objspace, zombie), RARRAY_LEN(table), get_final, (void *)table);
+            RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+            rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(RARRAY_AREF(table, 0), RARRAY_LEN(table) - 1, get_final, (void *)table);
+            lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
         }
         else {
             rb_bug("FL_FINALIZE flag is set, but finalizers are not found");
@@ -2916,6 +3051,7 @@ run_final(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE zombie)
     else {
         GC_ASSERT(!st_lookup(finalizer_table, key, NULL));
     }
+    return lev;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2928,25 +3064,22 @@ finalize_list(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE zombie)
         next_zombie = RZOMBIE(zombie)->next;
         page = GET_HEAP_PAGE(zombie);
 
-        run_final(objspace, zombie);
+        unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
 
-        int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+        lev = run_final(objspace, zombie, lev);
         {
             GC_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(zombie) == T_ZOMBIE);
-            if (FL_TEST(zombie, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)) {
-                obj_free_object_id(objspace, zombie);
-            }
-
             GC_ASSERT(page->heap->final_slots_count > 0);
             GC_ASSERT(page->final_slots > 0);
 
             page->heap->final_slots_count--;
             page->final_slots--;
             page->free_slots++;
+            RVALUE_AGE_SET_BITMAP(zombie, 0);
             heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, page, zombie);
             page->heap->total_freed_objects++;
         }
-        rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 
         zombie = next_zombie;
     }
@@ -3002,6 +3135,7 @@ gc_abort(void *objspace_ptr)
     }
 
     if (is_lazy_sweeping(objspace)) {
+        objspace->sweeping_heap_count = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
             rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[i];
 
@@ -3048,16 +3182,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_shutdown_free_objects(void *objspace_ptr)
 }
 
 static int
-rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t data)
+rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t _data)
 {
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_objspace_t *)data;
     VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
     VALUE table = (VALUE)val;
 
     GC_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE));
     GC_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY);
 
-    rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(rb_gc_impl_object_id(objspace, obj), RARRAY_LEN(table), get_final, (void *)table);
+    rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(RARRAY_AREF(table, 0), RARRAY_LEN(table) - 1, get_final, (void *)table);
 
     FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
 
@@ -3084,7 +3217,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr)
     }
 
     while (finalizer_table->num_entries) {
-        st_foreach(finalizer_table, rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer_i, (st_data_t)objspace);
+        st_foreach(finalizer_table, rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer_i, 0);
     }
 
     /* run finalizers */
@@ -3188,7 +3321,7 @@ gc_setup_mark_bits(struct heap_page *page)
 }
 
 static int gc_is_moveable_obj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj);
-static VALUE gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE scan, VALUE free, size_t src_slot_size, size_t slot_size);
+static VALUE gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE scan, VALUE free, struct heap_page *src_page, struct heap_page *dest_page);
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 enum {HEAP_PAGE_LOCK = PAGE_NOACCESS, HEAP_PAGE_UNLOCK = PAGE_READWRITE};
@@ -3271,7 +3404,7 @@ try_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, struct heap_page *free_page,
     objspace->rcompactor.moved_count_table[BUILTIN_TYPE(src)]++;
     objspace->rcompactor.total_moved++;
 
-    gc_move(objspace, src, dest, src_page->slot_size, free_page->slot_size);
+    gc_move(objspace, src, dest, src_page, free_page);
     gc_pin(objspace, src);
     free_page->free_slots--;
 
@@ -3316,7 +3449,7 @@ read_barrier_handler(uintptr_t address)
         rb_bug("read_barrier_handler: segmentation fault at %p", (void *)address);
     }
 
-    int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     {
         unlock_page_body(objspace, page_body);
 
@@ -3324,7 +3457,7 @@ read_barrier_handler(uintptr_t address)
 
         invalidate_moved_page(objspace, GET_HEAP_PAGE(address));
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3509,18 +3642,35 @@ gc_sweep_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, uintptr_t p, bits_t bit
 {
     struct heap_page *sweep_page = ctx->page;
     short slot_size = sweep_page->slot_size;
-    short slot_bits = slot_size / BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-    GC_ASSERT(slot_bits > 0);
 
     do {
         VALUE vp = (VALUE)p;
-        GC_ASSERT(vp % BASE_SLOT_SIZE == 0);
+        GC_ASSERT(vp % sizeof(VALUE) == 0);
 
         rb_asan_unpoison_object(vp, false);
         if (bitset & 1) {
             switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(vp)) {
-              default: /* majority case */
-                gc_report(2, objspace, "page_sweep: free %p\n", (void *)p);
+              case T_MOVED:
+                if (objspace->flags.during_compacting) {
+                    /* The sweep cursor shouldn't have made it to any
+                     * T_MOVED slots while the compact flag is enabled.
+                     * The sweep cursor and compact cursor move in
+                     * opposite directions, and when they meet references will
+                     * get updated and "during_compacting" should get disabled */
+                    rb_bug("T_MOVED shouldn't be seen until compaction is finished");
+                }
+                gc_report(3, objspace, "page_sweep: %s is added to freelist\n", rb_obj_info(vp));
+                ctx->empty_slots++;
+                heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, sweep_page, vp);
+                break;
+              case T_ZOMBIE:
+                /* already counted */
+                break;
+              case T_NONE:
+                ctx->empty_slots++; /* already freed */
+                break;
+
+              default:
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
                 if (!is_full_marking(objspace)) {
                     if (RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, vp)) rb_bug("page_sweep: %p - old while minor GC.", (void *)p);
@@ -3528,8 +3678,6 @@ gc_sweep_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, uintptr_t p, bits_t bit
                 }
 #endif
 
-                if (RVALUE_WB_UNPROTECTED(objspace, vp)) CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_WB_UNPROTECTED_BITS(vp), vp);
-
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
 #define CHECK(x) if (x(objspace, vp) != FALSE) rb_bug("obj_free: " #x "(%s) != FALSE", rb_obj_info(vp))
                 CHECK(RVALUE_WB_UNPROTECTED);
@@ -3539,49 +3687,37 @@ gc_sweep_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, uintptr_t p, bits_t bit
 #undef CHECK
 #endif
 
-                rb_gc_event_hook(vp, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ);
-
-                bool has_object_id = FL_TEST(vp, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID);
-                rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(vp);
-                if (rb_gc_obj_free(objspace, vp)) {
-                    if (has_object_id) {
-                        obj_free_object_id(objspace, vp);
+                if (!rb_gc_obj_needs_cleanup_p(vp)) {
+                    if (RB_UNLIKELY(objspace->hook_events & RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ)) {
+                        rb_gc_event_hook(vp, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ);
                     }
-                    // always add free slots back to the swept pages freelist,
-                    // so that if we're compacting, we can re-use the slots
-                    (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)p, BASE_SLOT_SIZE);
+
+                    (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)p, slot_size);
                     heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, sweep_page, vp);
-                    gc_report(3, objspace, "page_sweep: %s is added to freelist\n", rb_obj_info(vp));
+                    gc_report(3, objspace, "page_sweep: %s (fast path) added to freelist\n", rb_obj_info(vp));
                     ctx->freed_slots++;
                 }
                 else {
-                    ctx->final_slots++;
-                }
-                break;
+                    gc_report(2, objspace, "page_sweep: free %p\n", (void *)p);
 
-              case T_MOVED:
-                if (objspace->flags.during_compacting) {
-                    /* The sweep cursor shouldn't have made it to any
-                     * T_MOVED slots while the compact flag is enabled.
-                     * The sweep cursor and compact cursor move in
-                     * opposite directions, and when they meet references will
-                     * get updated and "during_compacting" should get disabled */
-                    rb_bug("T_MOVED shouldn't be seen until compaction is finished");
+                    rb_gc_event_hook(vp, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ);
+
+                    rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(vp);
+                    if (rb_gc_obj_free(objspace, vp)) {
+                        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)p, slot_size);
+                        heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, sweep_page, vp);
+                        gc_report(3, objspace, "page_sweep: %s is added to freelist\n", rb_obj_info(vp));
+                        ctx->freed_slots++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        ctx->final_slots++;
+                    }
                 }
-                gc_report(3, objspace, "page_sweep: %s is added to freelist\n", rb_obj_info(vp));
-                ctx->empty_slots++;
-                heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, sweep_page, vp);
-                break;
-              case T_ZOMBIE:
-                /* already counted */
-                break;
-              case T_NONE:
-                ctx->empty_slots++; /* already freed */
                 break;
             }
         }
         p += slot_size;
-        bitset >>= slot_bits;
+        bitset >>= 1;
     } while (bitset);
 }
 
@@ -3606,34 +3742,33 @@ gc_sweep_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, struct gc_sweep_context
 
     p = (uintptr_t)sweep_page->start;
     bits = sweep_page->mark_bits;
+    short slot_size = sweep_page->slot_size;
+    int total_slots = sweep_page->total_slots;
+    int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(total_slots, BITS_BITLENGTH);
 
-    int page_rvalue_count = sweep_page->total_slots * (sweep_page->slot_size / BASE_SLOT_SIZE);
-    int out_of_range_bits = (NUM_IN_PAGE(p) + page_rvalue_count) % BITS_BITLENGTH;
-    if (out_of_range_bits != 0) { // sizeof(RVALUE) == 64
-        bits[BITMAP_INDEX(p) + page_rvalue_count / BITS_BITLENGTH] |= ~(((bits_t)1 << out_of_range_bits) - 1);
+    int out_of_range_bits = total_slots % BITS_BITLENGTH;
+    if (out_of_range_bits != 0) {
+        bits[bitmap_plane_count - 1] |= ~(((bits_t)1 << out_of_range_bits) - 1);
     }
 
-    /* The last bitmap plane may not be used if the last plane does not
-     * have enough space for the slot_size. In that case, the last plane must
-     * be skipped since none of the bits will be set. */
-    int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(NUM_IN_PAGE(p) + page_rvalue_count, BITS_BITLENGTH);
-    GC_ASSERT(bitmap_plane_count == HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT - 1 ||
-                  bitmap_plane_count == HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT);
-
-    // Skip out of range slots at the head of the page
-    bitset = ~bits[0];
-    bitset >>= NUM_IN_PAGE(p);
-    if (bitset) {
-        gc_sweep_plane(objspace, heap, p, bitset, ctx);
+    // Clear wb_unprotected and age bits for all unmarked slots
+    {
+        bits_t *wb_unprotected_bits = sweep_page->wb_unprotected_bits;
+        bits_t *age_bits = sweep_page->age_bits;
+        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap_plane_count; i++) {
+            bits_t unmarked = ~bits[i];
+            wb_unprotected_bits[i] &= ~unmarked;
+            age_bits[i * 2] &= ~unmarked;
+            age_bits[i * 2 + 1] &= ~unmarked;
+        }
     }
-    p += (BITS_BITLENGTH - NUM_IN_PAGE(p)) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
 
-    for (int i = 1; i < bitmap_plane_count; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < bitmap_plane_count; i++) {
         bitset = ~bits[i];
         if (bitset) {
             gc_sweep_plane(objspace, heap, p, bitset, ctx);
         }
-        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * slot_size;
     }
 
     if (!heap->compact_cursor) {
@@ -3735,6 +3870,9 @@ static void
 gc_sweep_start_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
     heap->sweeping_page = ccan_list_top(&heap->pages, struct heap_page, page_node);
+    if (heap->sweeping_page) {
+        objspace->sweeping_heap_count++;
+    }
     heap->free_pages = NULL;
     heap->pooled_pages = NULL;
     if (!objspace->flags.immediate_sweep) {
@@ -3758,13 +3896,19 @@ static int compare_pinned_slots(const void *left, const void *right, void *d);
 static void
 gc_ractor_newobj_cache_clear(void *c, void *data)
 {
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
     rb_ractor_newobj_cache_t *newobj_cache = c;
 
     newobj_cache->incremental_mark_step_allocated_slots = 0;
 
     for (size_t heap_idx = 0; heap_idx < HEAP_COUNT; heap_idx++) {
+
         rb_ractor_newobj_heap_cache_t *cache = &newobj_cache->heap_caches[heap_idx];
 
+        rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[heap_idx];
+        RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(heap->total_allocated_objects, cache->allocated_objects_count);
+        cache->allocated_objects_count = 0;
+
         struct heap_page *page = cache->using_page;
         struct free_slot *freelist = cache->freelist;
         RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("ractor using_page:%p freelist:%p", (void *)page, (void *)freelist);
@@ -3781,7 +3925,6 @@ gc_sweep_start(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
     gc_mode_transition(objspace, gc_mode_sweeping);
     objspace->rincgc.pooled_slots = 0;
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = 0;
 
 #if GC_CAN_COMPILE_COMPACTION
     if (objspace->flags.during_compacting) {
@@ -3813,12 +3956,12 @@ gc_sweep_finish_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
     size_t total_slots = heap->total_slots;
     size_t swept_slots = heap->freed_slots + heap->empty_slots;
 
-    size_t init_slots = gc_params.heap_init_slots[heap - heaps];
+    size_t init_slots = gc_params.heap_init_bytes / heap->slot_size;
     size_t min_free_slots = (size_t)(MAX(total_slots, init_slots) * gc_params.heap_free_slots_min_ratio);
 
     if (swept_slots < min_free_slots &&
             /* The heap is a growth heap if it freed more slots than had empty slots. */
-            (heap->empty_slots == 0 || heap->freed_slots > heap->empty_slots)) {
+            ((heap->empty_slots == 0 && total_slots > 0) || heap->freed_slots > heap->empty_slots)) {
         /* If we don't have enough slots and we have pages on the tomb heap, move
         * pages from the tomb heap to the eden heap. This may prevent page
         * creation thrashing (frequently allocating and deallocting pages) and
@@ -3834,12 +3977,15 @@ gc_sweep_finish_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 
         if (swept_slots < min_free_slots) {
             /* Grow this heap if we are in a major GC or if we haven't run at least
-            * RVALUE_OLD_AGE minor GC since the last major GC. */
+             * RVALUE_OLD_AGE minor GC since the last major GC. */
             if (is_full_marking(objspace) ||
                     objspace->profile.count - objspace->rgengc.last_major_gc < RVALUE_OLD_AGE) {
-                heap_allocatable_slots_expand(objspace, heap, swept_slots, heap->total_slots);
+                if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes < min_free_slots * heap->slot_size) {
+                    heap_allocatable_bytes_expand(objspace, heap, swept_slots, heap->total_slots, heap->slot_size);
+                }
             }
-            else {
+            else if (swept_slots < min_free_slots * 7 / 8 &&
+                     objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes < (min_free_slots * 7 / 8 - swept_slots) * heap->slot_size) {
                 gc_needs_major_flags |= GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_NOFREE;
                 heap->force_major_gc_count++;
             }
@@ -3875,6 +4021,13 @@ gc_sweep_finish(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
         }
     }
 
+    (void)gc_malloc_counters_snapshot(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.counters);
+#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
+    if (objspace->profile.latest_gc_info & GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_MASK) {
+        (void)gc_malloc_counters_snapshot(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters);
+    }
+#endif
+
     rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_END_SWEEP);
     gc_mode_transition(objspace, gc_mode_none);
 
@@ -3887,9 +4040,10 @@ static int
 gc_sweep_step(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
     struct heap_page *sweep_page = heap->sweeping_page;
-    int unlink_limit = GC_SWEEP_PAGES_FREEABLE_PER_STEP;
     int swept_slots = 0;
     int pooled_slots = 0;
+    int sweep_budget = GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_BYTES / heap->slot_size;
+    int pool_budget = GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_POOL_BYTES / heap->slot_size;
 
     if (sweep_page == NULL) return FALSE;
 
@@ -3911,11 +4065,7 @@ gc_sweep_step(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 
         heap->sweeping_page = ccan_list_next(&heap->pages, sweep_page, page_node);
 
-        if (free_slots == sweep_page->total_slots &&
-                heap_pages_freeable_pages > 0 &&
-                unlink_limit > 0) {
-            heap_pages_freeable_pages--;
-            unlink_limit--;
+        if (free_slots == sweep_page->total_slots) {
             /* There are no living objects, so move this page to the global empty pages. */
             heap_unlink_page(objspace, heap, sweep_page);
 
@@ -3939,14 +4089,14 @@ gc_sweep_step(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
             heap->freed_slots += ctx.freed_slots;
             heap->empty_slots += ctx.empty_slots;
 
-            if (pooled_slots < GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_POOL_SLOT_COUNT) {
+            if (pooled_slots < pool_budget) {
                 heap_add_poolpage(objspace, heap, sweep_page);
                 pooled_slots += free_slots;
             }
             else {
                 heap_add_freepage(heap, sweep_page);
                 swept_slots += free_slots;
-                if (swept_slots > GC_INCREMENTAL_SWEEP_SLOT_COUNT) {
+                if (swept_slots > sweep_budget) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -3957,6 +4107,8 @@ gc_sweep_step(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
     } while ((sweep_page = heap->sweeping_page));
 
     if (!heap->sweeping_page) {
+        objspace->sweeping_heap_count--;
+        GC_ASSERT(objspace->sweeping_heap_count >= 0);
         gc_sweep_finish_heap(objspace, heap);
 
         if (!has_sweeping_pages(objspace)) {
@@ -3993,12 +4145,29 @@ gc_sweep_continue(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *sweep_heap)
 
     for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
         rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[i];
-        if (!gc_sweep_step(objspace, heap)) {
-            /* sweep_heap requires a free slot but sweeping did not yield any
-             * and we cannot allocate a new page. */
-            if (heap == sweep_heap && objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots == 0) {
+        if (gc_sweep_step(objspace, heap)) {
+            GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages != NULL);
+        }
+        else if (heap == sweep_heap) {
+            if (objspace->empty_pages_count > 0 || objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes > 0) {
+                /* [Bug #21548]
+                 *
+                 * If this heap is the heap we want to sweep, but we weren't able
+                 * to free any slots, but we also either have empty pages or could
+                 * allocate new pages, then we want to preemptively claim a page
+                 * because it's possible that sweeping another heap will call
+                 * gc_sweep_finish_heap, which may use up all of the
+                 * empty/allocatable pages. If other heaps are not finished sweeping
+                 * then we do not finish this GC and we will end up triggering a new
+                 * GC cycle during this GC phase. */
+                heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(objspace, heap);
+
+                GC_ASSERT(heap->free_pages != NULL);
+            }
+            else {
                 /* Not allowed to create a new page so finish sweeping. */
                 gc_sweep_rest(objspace);
+                GC_ASSERT(gc_mode(objspace) == gc_mode_none);
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -4042,22 +4211,13 @@ invalidate_moved_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page, uintptr_
                     CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_PINNED_BITS(forwarding_object), forwarding_object);
 
                     object = rb_gc_impl_location(objspace, forwarding_object);
-
-                    uint32_t original_shape_id = 0;
-                    if (RB_TYPE_P(object, T_OBJECT)) {
-                        original_shape_id = RMOVED(forwarding_object)->original_shape_id;
-                    }
-
-                    gc_move(objspace, object, forwarding_object, GET_HEAP_PAGE(object)->slot_size, page->slot_size);
+                    gc_move(objspace, object, forwarding_object, GET_HEAP_PAGE(object), page);
                     /* forwarding_object is now our actual object, and "object"
                      * is the free slot for the original page */
 
-                    if (original_shape_id) {
-                        rb_gc_set_shape(forwarding_object, original_shape_id);
-                    }
-
                     struct heap_page *orig_page = GET_HEAP_PAGE(object);
                     orig_page->free_slots++;
+                    RVALUE_AGE_SET_BITMAP(object, 0);
                     heap_page_add_freeobj(objspace, orig_page, object);
 
                     GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, forwarding_object));
@@ -4065,7 +4225,7 @@ invalidate_moved_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page, uintptr_
                     GC_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(forwarding_object) != T_NONE);
                 }
             }
-            p += BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+            p += page->slot_size;
             bitset >>= 1;
         } while (bitset);
     }
@@ -4077,25 +4237,21 @@ invalidate_moved_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, struct heap_page *page)
     int i;
     bits_t *mark_bits, *pin_bits;
     bits_t bitset;
+    short slot_size = page->slot_size;
+    int total_slots = page->total_slots;
+    int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(total_slots, BITS_BITLENGTH);
 
     mark_bits = page->mark_bits;
     pin_bits = page->pinned_bits;
 
     uintptr_t p = page->start;
 
-    // Skip out of range slots at the head of the page
-    bitset = pin_bits[0] & ~mark_bits[0];
-    bitset >>= NUM_IN_PAGE(p);
-    invalidate_moved_plane(objspace, page, p, bitset);
-    p += (BITS_BITLENGTH - NUM_IN_PAGE(p)) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-
-    for (i=1; i < HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT; i++) {
+    for (i=0; i < bitmap_plane_count; i++) {
         /* Moved objects are pinned but never marked. We reuse the pin bits
          * to indicate there is a moved object in this slot. */
         bitset = pin_bits[i] & ~mark_bits[i];
-
         invalidate_moved_plane(objspace, page, p, bitset);
-        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * slot_size;
     }
 }
 #endif
@@ -4367,15 +4523,11 @@ init_mark_stack(mark_stack_t *stack)
 static void
 rgengc_check_relation(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-    const VALUE old_parent = objspace->rgengc.parent_object;
-
-    if (old_parent) { /* parent object is old */
+    if (objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p) {
         if (RVALUE_WB_UNPROTECTED(objspace, obj) || !RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
-            rgengc_remember(objspace, old_parent);
+            rgengc_remember(objspace, objspace->rgengc.parent_object);
         }
     }
-
-    GC_ASSERT(old_parent == objspace->rgengc.parent_object);
 }
 
 static inline int
@@ -4406,8 +4558,16 @@ gc_aging(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 
     if (!RVALUE_PAGE_WB_UNPROTECTED(page, obj)) {
         if (!RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
-            gc_report(3, objspace, "gc_aging: YOUNG: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
-            RVALUE_AGE_INC(objspace, obj);
+            int t = BUILTIN_TYPE(obj);
+            if (t == T_CLASS || t == T_MODULE || t == T_ICLASS) {
+                gc_report(3, objspace, "gc_aging: YOUNG class: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
+                RVALUE_AGE_SET(obj, RVALUE_OLD_AGE);
+                RVALUE_OLD_UNCOLLECTIBLE_SET(objspace, obj);
+            }
+            else {
+                gc_report(3, objspace, "gc_aging: YOUNG: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
+                RVALUE_AGE_INC(objspace, obj);
+            }
         }
         else if (is_full_marking(objspace)) {
             GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_PAGE_UNCOLLECTIBLE(page, obj) == FALSE);
@@ -4431,32 +4591,44 @@ gc_grey(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
         MARK_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_MARKING_BITS(obj), obj);
     }
 
+    if (RB_FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE)) {
+        rb_darray_append_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, obj);
+    }
+
     push_mark_stack(&objspace->mark_stack, obj);
 }
 
+static inline void
+gc_mark_check_t_none(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NONE)) {
+        enum {info_size = 256};
+        char obj_info_buf[info_size];
+        rb_raw_obj_info(obj_info_buf, info_size, obj);
+
+        char parent_obj_info_buf[info_size];
+        rb_raw_obj_info(parent_obj_info_buf, info_size, objspace->rgengc.parent_object);
+
+        rb_bug("try to mark T_NONE object (obj: %s, parent: %s)", obj_info_buf, parent_obj_info_buf);
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 gc_mark(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
     GC_ASSERT(during_gc);
+    GC_ASSERT(!objspace->flags.during_reference_updating);
 
     rgengc_check_relation(objspace, obj);
     if (!gc_mark_set(objspace, obj)) return; /* already marked */
 
     if (0) { // for debug GC marking miss
-        if (objspace->rgengc.parent_object) {
-            RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("%p (%s) parent:%p (%s)",
-                            (void *)obj, obj_type_name(obj),
-                            (void *)objspace->rgengc.parent_object, obj_type_name(objspace->rgengc.parent_object));
-        }
-        else {
-            RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("%p (%s)", (void *)obj, obj_type_name(obj));
-        }
+        RUBY_DEBUG_LOG("%p (%s) parent:%p (%s)",
+                        (void *)obj, obj_type_name(obj),
+                        (void *)objspace->rgengc.parent_object, obj_type_name(objspace->rgengc.parent_object));
     }
 
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_NONE))) {
-        rb_obj_info_dump(obj);
-        rb_bug("try to mark T_NONE object"); /* check here will help debugging */
-    }
+    gc_mark_check_t_none(objspace, obj);
 
     gc_aging(objspace, obj);
     gc_grey(objspace, obj);
@@ -4493,7 +4665,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_and_move(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr)
         GC_ASSERT(objspace->flags.during_compacting);
         GC_ASSERT(during_gc);
 
-        *ptr = rb_gc_impl_location(objspace, *ptr);
+        VALUE destination = rb_gc_impl_location(objspace, *ptr);
+        if (destination != *ptr) {
+            *ptr = destination;
+        }
     }
     else {
         gc_mark(objspace, *ptr);
@@ -4527,10 +4702,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
         asan_unpoisoning_object(obj) {
             /* Garbage can live on the stack, so do not mark or pin */
             switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
-            case T_ZOMBIE:
-            case T_NONE:
+              case T_ZOMBIE:
+              case T_NONE:
                 break;
-            default:
+              default:
                 gc_mark_and_pin(objspace, obj);
                 break;
             }
@@ -4538,64 +4713,34 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
     }
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_impl_mark_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr)
+static int
+pin_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
 {
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
-
-    GC_ASSERT(objspace->rgengc.parent_object == 0 || FL_TEST(objspace->rgengc.parent_object, FL_WB_PROTECTED));
-
-    VALUE obj = *ptr;
-
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_NONE))) {
-        rb_obj_info_dump(obj);
-        rb_bug("try to mark T_NONE object");
-    }
-
-    /* If we are in a minor GC and the other object is old, then obj should
-     * already be marked and cannot be reclaimed in this GC cycle so we don't
-     * need to add it to the weak references list. */
-    if (!is_full_marking(objspace) && RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
-        GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, obj));
-        GC_ASSERT(!objspace->flags.during_compacting);
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    rgengc_check_relation(objspace, obj);
-
-    rb_darray_append_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, ptr);
+    rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin((void *)data, (VALUE)value);
 
-    objspace->profile.weak_references_count++;
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_impl_remove_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr)
+static inline void
+gc_mark_set_parent_raw(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj, bool old_p)
 {
-    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
-
-    /* If we're not incremental marking, then the state of the objects can't
-     * change so we don't need to do anything. */
-    if (!is_incremental_marking(objspace)) return;
-    /* If parent_obj has not been marked, then ptr has not yet been marked
-     * weak, so we don't need to do anything. */
-    if (!RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, parent_obj)) return;
-
-    VALUE **ptr_ptr;
-    rb_darray_foreach(objspace->weak_references, i, ptr_ptr) {
-        if (*ptr_ptr == ptr) {
-            *ptr_ptr = NULL;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    asan_unpoison_memory_region(&objspace->rgengc.parent_object, sizeof(objspace->rgengc.parent_object), false);
+    asan_unpoison_memory_region(&objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p, sizeof(objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p), false);
+    objspace->rgengc.parent_object = obj;
+    objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p = old_p;
 }
 
-static int
-pin_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static inline void
+gc_mark_set_parent(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin((void *)data, (VALUE)value);
+    gc_mark_set_parent_raw(objspace, obj, RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj));
+}
 
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+static inline void
+gc_mark_set_parent_invalid(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    asan_poison_memory_region(&objspace->rgengc.parent_object, sizeof(objspace->rgengc.parent_object));
+    asan_poison_memory_region(&objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p, sizeof(objspace->rgengc.parent_object_old_p));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -4606,29 +4751,17 @@ mark_roots(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const char **categoryp)
 } while (0)
 
     MARK_CHECKPOINT("objspace");
-    objspace->rgengc.parent_object = Qfalse;
+    gc_mark_set_parent_raw(objspace, Qundef, false);
 
     if (finalizer_table != NULL) {
         st_foreach(finalizer_table, pin_value, (st_data_t)objspace);
     }
 
-    st_foreach(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, gc_mark_tbl_no_pin_i, (st_data_t)objspace);
-
     if (stress_to_class) rb_gc_mark(stress_to_class);
 
     rb_gc_save_machine_context();
     rb_gc_mark_roots(objspace, categoryp);
-}
-
-static inline void
-gc_mark_set_parent(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
-        objspace->rgengc.parent_object = obj;
-    }
-    else {
-        objspace->rgengc.parent_object = Qfalse;
-    }
+    gc_mark_set_parent_invalid(objspace);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -4636,6 +4769,7 @@ gc_mark_children(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 {
     gc_mark_set_parent(objspace, obj);
     rb_gc_mark_children(objspace, obj);
+    gc_mark_set_parent_invalid(objspace);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -4921,10 +5055,22 @@ gc_check_after_marks_i(st_data_t k, st_data_t v, st_data_t ptr)
 static void
 gc_marks_check(rb_objspace_t *objspace, st_foreach_callback_func *checker_func, const char *checker_name)
 {
-    size_t saved_malloc_increase = objspace->malloc_params.increase;
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+    struct gc_malloc_bytes saved_malloc = {
+        .malloc            = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc),
+        .free              = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free),
+        .malloc_at_last_gc = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc_at_last_gc),
+        .free_at_last_gc   = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free_at_last_gc),
+    };
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-    size_t saved_oldmalloc_increase = objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase;
+    struct gc_malloc_bytes saved_oldmalloc = {
+        .malloc            = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.malloc),
+        .free              = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.free),
+        .malloc_at_last_gc = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.malloc_at_last_gc),
+        .free_at_last_gc   = gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.free_at_last_gc),
+    };
 #endif
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
     VALUE already_disabled = rb_objspace_gc_disable(objspace);
 
     objspace->rgengc.allrefs_table = objspace_allrefs(objspace);
@@ -4944,10 +5090,18 @@ gc_marks_check(rb_objspace_t *objspace, st_foreach_callback_func *checker_func,
     objspace->rgengc.allrefs_table = 0;
 
     if (already_disabled == Qfalse) rb_objspace_gc_enable(objspace);
-    objspace->malloc_params.increase = saved_malloc_increase;
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc,            saved_malloc.malloc);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free,              saved_malloc.free);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc_at_last_gc, saved_malloc.malloc_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free_at_last_gc,   saved_malloc.free_at_last_gc);
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-    objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase = saved_oldmalloc_increase;
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.malloc,            saved_oldmalloc.malloc);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.free,              saved_oldmalloc.free);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.malloc_at_last_gc, saved_oldmalloc.malloc_at_last_gc);
+    gc_counter_store_release(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.free_at_last_gc,   saved_oldmalloc.free_at_last_gc);
 #endif
+    MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
 }
 #endif /* RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 4 */
 
@@ -5036,6 +5190,10 @@ verify_internal_consistency_i(void *page_start, void *page_end, size_t stride,
                     rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(obj, check_generation_i, (void *)data);
                 }
 
+                if (!is_marking(objspace) && rb_gc_obj_shareable_p(obj)) {
+                    rb_gc_verify_shareable(obj);
+                }
+
                 if (is_incremental_marking(objspace)) {
                     if (RVALUE_BLACK_P(objspace, obj)) {
                         /* reachable objects from black objects should be black or grey objects */
@@ -5201,6 +5359,8 @@ gc_verify_internal_consistency_(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 
     /* check counters */
 
+    ractor_cache_flush_count(objspace, rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache());
+
     if (!is_lazy_sweeping(objspace) &&
             !finalizing &&
             !rb_gc_multi_ractor_p()) {
@@ -5255,7 +5415,7 @@ gc_verify_internal_consistency(void *objspace_ptr)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
-    unsigned int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     {
         rb_gc_vm_barrier(); // stop other ractors
 
@@ -5266,7 +5426,7 @@ gc_verify_internal_consistency(void *objspace_ptr)
         }
         during_gc = prev_during_gc;
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -5313,7 +5473,7 @@ gc_remember_unprotected(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static inline void
-gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits_t bits)
+gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits_t bits, short slot_size)
 {
     if (bits) {
         do {
@@ -5323,7 +5483,7 @@ gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits
                 GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, (VALUE)p));
                 gc_mark_children(objspace, (VALUE)p);
             }
-            p += BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+            p += slot_size;
             bits >>= 1;
         } while (bits);
     }
@@ -5338,48 +5498,63 @@ gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
         bits_t *mark_bits = page->mark_bits;
         bits_t *wbun_bits = page->wb_unprotected_bits;
         uintptr_t p = page->start;
+        short slot_size = page->slot_size;
+        int total_slots = page->total_slots;
+        int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(total_slots, BITS_BITLENGTH);
         size_t j;
 
-        bits_t bits = mark_bits[0] & wbun_bits[0];
-        bits >>= NUM_IN_PAGE(p);
-        gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(objspace, p, bits);
-        p += (BITS_BITLENGTH - NUM_IN_PAGE(p)) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-
-        for (j=1; j<HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT; j++) {
+        for (j=0; j<(size_t)bitmap_plane_count; j++) {
             bits_t bits = mark_bits[j] & wbun_bits[j];
-
-            gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(objspace, p, bits);
-            p += BITS_BITLENGTH * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+            gc_marks_wb_unprotected_objects_plane(objspace, p, bits, slot_size);
+            p += BITS_BITLENGTH * slot_size;
         }
     }
 
     gc_mark_stacked_objects_all(objspace);
 }
 
-static void
-gc_update_weak_references(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
+void
+rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    size_t retained_weak_references_count = 0;
-    VALUE **ptr_ptr;
-    rb_darray_foreach(objspace->weak_references, i, ptr_ptr) {
-        if (!*ptr_ptr) continue;
+    FL_SET_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE);
+}
 
-        VALUE obj = **ptr_ptr;
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
-        if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) continue;
+    bool marked = RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, obj);
 
-        if (!RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, obj)) {
-            **ptr_ptr = Qundef;
-        }
-        else {
-            retained_weak_references_count++;
-        }
+    if (marked) {
+        rgengc_check_relation(objspace, obj);
+    }
+
+    return marked;
+}
+
+static void
+gc_update_weak_references(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    VALUE *obj_ptr;
+    rb_darray_foreach(objspace->weak_references, i, obj_ptr) {
+        gc_mark_set_parent(objspace, *obj_ptr);
+        rb_gc_handle_weak_references(*obj_ptr);
+        gc_mark_set_parent_invalid(objspace);
     }
 
-    objspace->profile.retained_weak_references_count = retained_weak_references_count;
+    size_t capa = rb_darray_capa(objspace->weak_references);
+    size_t size = rb_darray_size(objspace->weak_references);
+
+    objspace->profile.weak_references_count = size;
 
     rb_darray_clear(objspace->weak_references);
-    rb_darray_resize_capa_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, retained_weak_references_count);
+
+    /* If the darray has capacity for more than four times the amount used, we
+     * shrink it down to half of that capacity. */
+    if (capa > size * 4) {
+        rb_darray_resize_capa_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, size * 2);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -5438,22 +5613,27 @@ gc_marks_finish(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
         /* Setup freeable slots. */
         size_t total_init_slots = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
-            total_init_slots += gc_params.heap_init_slots[i] * r_mul;
+            total_init_slots += (gc_params.heap_init_bytes / heaps[i].slot_size) * r_mul;
         }
 
         if (max_free_slots < total_init_slots) {
             max_free_slots = total_init_slots;
         }
 
+        /* Approximate freeable pages using the average slots-per-pages across all heaps */
         if (sweep_slots > max_free_slots) {
-            heap_pages_freeable_pages = (sweep_slots - max_free_slots) / HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT;
+            size_t excess_slots = sweep_slots - max_free_slots;
+            size_t total_heap_pages = heap_eden_total_pages(objspace);
+            heap_pages_freeable_pages = total_heap_pages > 0
+                ? excess_slots * total_heap_pages / total_slots
+                : 0;
         }
         else {
             heap_pages_freeable_pages = 0;
         }
 
-        if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots == 0 && sweep_slots < min_free_slots) {
-            if (!full_marking) {
+        if (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes == 0 && sweep_slots < min_free_slots) {
+            if (!full_marking && sweep_slots < min_free_slots * 7 / 8) {
                 if (objspace->profile.count - objspace->rgengc.last_major_gc < RVALUE_OLD_AGE) {
                     full_marking = TRUE;
                 }
@@ -5462,6 +5642,10 @@ gc_marks_finish(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
                     gc_needs_major_flags |= GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_NOFREE;
                 }
             }
+
+            if (full_marking) {
+                heap_allocatable_bytes_expand(objspace, NULL, sweep_slots, total_slots, heaps[0].slot_size);
+            }
         }
 
         if (full_marking) {
@@ -5483,8 +5667,8 @@ gc_marks_finish(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 
         gc_report(1, objspace, "gc_marks_finish (marks %"PRIdSIZE" objects, "
                   "old %"PRIdSIZE" objects, total %"PRIdSIZE" slots, "
-                  "sweep %"PRIdSIZE" slots, allocatable %"PRIdSIZE" slots, next GC: %s)\n",
-                  objspace->marked_slots, objspace->rgengc.old_objects, objspace_available_slots(objspace), sweep_slots, objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots,
+                   "sweep %"PRIdSIZE" slots, allocatable %"PRIdSIZE" bytes, next GC: %s)\n",
+                  objspace->marked_slots, objspace->rgengc.old_objects, objspace_available_slots(objspace), sweep_slots, objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes,
                   gc_needs_major_flags ? "major" : "minor");
     }
 
@@ -5509,10 +5693,9 @@ gc_compact_destination_pool(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *src_pool, VALUE
         return src_pool;
     }
 
-    size_t idx = 0;
-    if (rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(obj_size)) {
-        idx = heap_idx_for_size(obj_size);
-    }
+    GC_ASSERT(rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(obj_size));
+
+    size_t idx = heap_idx_for_size(obj_size);
 
     return &heaps[idx];
 }
@@ -5524,25 +5707,10 @@ gc_compact_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, VALUE src)
     GC_ASSERT(gc_is_moveable_obj(objspace, src));
 
     rb_heap_t *dest_pool = gc_compact_destination_pool(objspace, heap, src);
-    uint32_t orig_shape = 0;
-    uint32_t new_shape = 0;
-
     if (gc_compact_heap_cursors_met_p(dest_pool)) {
         return dest_pool != heap;
     }
 
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(src, T_OBJECT)) {
-        orig_shape = rb_gc_get_shape(src);
-
-        if (dest_pool != heap) {
-            new_shape = rb_gc_rebuild_shape(src, dest_pool - heaps);
-
-            if (new_shape == 0) {
-                dest_pool = heap;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     while (!try_move(objspace, dest_pool, dest_pool->free_pages, src)) {
         struct gc_sweep_context ctx = {
             .page = dest_pool->sweeping_page,
@@ -5568,14 +5736,6 @@ gc_compact_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, VALUE src)
         }
     }
 
-    if (orig_shape != 0) {
-        if (new_shape != 0) {
-            VALUE dest = rb_gc_impl_location(objspace, src);
-            rb_gc_set_shape(dest, new_shape);
-        }
-        RMOVED(src)->original_shape_id = orig_shape;
-    }
-
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -5583,12 +5743,10 @@ static bool
 gc_compact_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, uintptr_t p, bits_t bitset, struct heap_page *page)
 {
     short slot_size = page->slot_size;
-    short slot_bits = slot_size / BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-    GC_ASSERT(slot_bits > 0);
 
     do {
         VALUE vp = (VALUE)p;
-        GC_ASSERT(vp % BASE_SLOT_SIZE == 0);
+        GC_ASSERT(vp % sizeof(VALUE) == 0);
 
         if (bitset & 1) {
             objspace->rcompactor.considered_count_table[BUILTIN_TYPE(vp)]++;
@@ -5601,7 +5759,7 @@ gc_compact_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, uintptr_t p, bits_t b
             }
         }
         p += slot_size;
-        bitset >>= slot_bits;
+        bitset >>= 1;
     } while (bitset);
 
     return true;
@@ -5616,26 +5774,21 @@ gc_compact_page(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, struct heap_page *page
     bits_t *mark_bits, *pin_bits;
     bits_t bitset;
     uintptr_t p = page->start;
+    short slot_size = page->slot_size;
+    int total_slots = page->total_slots;
+    int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(total_slots, BITS_BITLENGTH);
 
     mark_bits = page->mark_bits;
     pin_bits = page->pinned_bits;
 
-    // objects that can be moved are marked and not pinned
-    bitset = (mark_bits[0] & ~pin_bits[0]);
-    bitset >>= NUM_IN_PAGE(p);
-    if (bitset) {
-        if (!gc_compact_plane(objspace, heap, (uintptr_t)p, bitset, page))
-            return false;
-    }
-    p += (BITS_BITLENGTH - NUM_IN_PAGE(p)) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-
-    for (int j = 1; j < HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT; j++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < bitmap_plane_count; j++) {
+        // objects that can be moved are marked and not pinned
         bitset = (mark_bits[j] & ~pin_bits[j]);
         if (bitset) {
             if (!gc_compact_plane(objspace, heap, (uintptr_t)p, bitset, page))
                 return false;
         }
-        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+        p += BITS_BITLENGTH * slot_size;
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -5812,7 +5965,6 @@ gc_marks_start(rb_objspace_t *objspace, int full_mark)
 static bool
 gc_marks(rb_objspace_t *objspace, int full_mark)
 {
-    gc_prof_mark_timer_start(objspace);
     gc_marking_enter(objspace);
 
     bool marking_finished = false;
@@ -5833,7 +5985,6 @@ gc_marks(rb_objspace_t *objspace, int full_mark)
 #endif
 
     gc_marking_exit(objspace);
-    gc_prof_mark_timer_stop(objspace);
 
     return marking_finished;
 }
@@ -5922,7 +6073,7 @@ rgengc_remember(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 #endif
 
 static inline void
-rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits_t bitset)
+rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits_t bitset, short slot_size)
 {
     if (bitset) {
         do {
@@ -5933,8 +6084,12 @@ rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(rb_objspace_t *objspace, uintptr_t p, bits_t bitse
                 GC_ASSERT(RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj) || RVALUE_WB_UNPROTECTED(objspace, obj));
 
                 gc_mark_children(objspace, obj);
+
+                if (RB_FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE)) {
+                    rb_darray_append_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, obj);
+                }
             }
-            p += BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+            p += slot_size;
             bitset >>= 1;
         } while (bitset);
     }
@@ -5953,6 +6108,9 @@ rgengc_rememberset_mark(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
     ccan_list_for_each(&heap->pages, page, page_node) {
         if (page->flags.has_remembered_objects | page->flags.has_uncollectible_wb_unprotected_objects) {
             uintptr_t p = page->start;
+            short slot_size = page->slot_size;
+            int total_slots = page->total_slots;
+            int bitmap_plane_count = CEILDIV(total_slots, BITS_BITLENGTH);
             bits_t bitset, bits[HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT];
             bits_t *remembered_bits = page->remembered_bits;
             bits_t *uncollectible_bits = page->uncollectible_bits;
@@ -5962,21 +6120,16 @@ rgengc_rememberset_mark(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
             else if (page->flags.has_remembered_objects) has_old++;
             else if (page->flags.has_uncollectible_wb_unprotected_objects) has_shady++;
 #endif
-            for (j=0; j<HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT; j++) {
+            for (j=0; j < (size_t)bitmap_plane_count; j++) {
                 bits[j] = remembered_bits[j] | (uncollectible_bits[j] & wb_unprotected_bits[j]);
                 remembered_bits[j] = 0;
             }
             page->flags.has_remembered_objects = FALSE;
 
-            bitset = bits[0];
-            bitset >>= NUM_IN_PAGE(p);
-            rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(objspace, p, bitset);
-            p += (BITS_BITLENGTH - NUM_IN_PAGE(p)) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-
-            for (j=1; j < HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_LIMIT; j++) {
+            for (j=0; j < (size_t)bitmap_plane_count; j++) {
                 bitset = bits[j];
-                rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(objspace, p, bitset);
-                p += BITS_BITLENGTH * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+                rgengc_rememberset_mark_plane(objspace, p, bitset, slot_size);
+                p += BITS_BITLENGTH * slot_size;
             }
         }
 #if PROFILE_REMEMBERSET_MARK
@@ -6023,11 +6176,11 @@ gc_writebarrier_generational(VALUE a, VALUE b, rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 
     /* mark `a' and remember (default behavior) */
     if (!RVALUE_REMEMBERED(objspace, a)) {
-        int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier();
+        int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
         {
             rgengc_remember(objspace, a);
         }
-        rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev);
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
 
         gc_report(1, objspace, "gc_writebarrier_generational: %s (remembered) -> %s\n", rb_obj_info(a), rb_obj_info(b));
     }
@@ -6041,9 +6194,11 @@ gc_mark_from(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE parent)
 {
     gc_mark_set_parent(objspace, parent);
     rgengc_check_relation(objspace, obj);
-    if (gc_mark_set(objspace, obj) == FALSE) return;
-    gc_aging(objspace, obj);
-    gc_grey(objspace, obj);
+    if (gc_mark_set(objspace, obj) != FALSE) {
+        gc_aging(objspace, obj);
+        gc_grey(objspace, obj);
+    }
+    gc_mark_set_parent_invalid(objspace);
 }
 
 NOINLINE(static void gc_writebarrier_incremental(VALUE a, VALUE b, rb_objspace_t *objspace));
@@ -6075,11 +6230,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE a, VALUE b)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
-    if (RGENGC_CHECK_MODE) {
-        if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(a)) rb_bug("rb_gc_writebarrier: a is special const: %"PRIxVALUE, a);
-        if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(b)) rb_bug("rb_gc_writebarrier: b is special const: %"PRIxVALUE, b);
-    }
+#if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(a)) rb_bug("rb_gc_writebarrier: a is special const: %"PRIxVALUE, a);
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(b)) rb_bug("rb_gc_writebarrier: b is special const: %"PRIxVALUE, b);
+#else
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(!SPECIAL_CONST_P(a));
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(!SPECIAL_CONST_P(b));
+#endif
 
+    GC_ASSERT(!during_gc);
     GC_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(a) != T_NONE);
     GC_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(a) != T_MOVED);
     GC_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(a) != T_ZOMBIE);
@@ -6099,7 +6258,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE a, VALUE b)
     else {
         bool retry = false;
         /* slow path */
-        int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier();
+        int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
         {
             if (is_incremental_marking(objspace)) {
                 gc_writebarrier_incremental(a, b, objspace);
@@ -6108,7 +6267,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE a, VALUE b)
                 retry = true;
             }
         }
-        rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev);
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
 
         if (retry) goto retry;
     }
@@ -6127,7 +6286,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_unprotect(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
         gc_report(2, objspace, "rb_gc_writebarrier_unprotect: %s %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj),
                   RVALUE_REMEMBERED(objspace, obj) ? " (already remembered)" : "");
 
-        unsigned int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier();
+        unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
         {
             if (RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
                 gc_report(1, objspace, "rb_gc_writebarrier_unprotect: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
@@ -6149,7 +6308,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_unprotect(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
             RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_wb_unprotect);
             MARK_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_WB_UNPROTECTED_BITS(obj), obj);
         }
-        rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev);
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
     }
 }
 
@@ -6177,19 +6336,29 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_remember(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 
     gc_report(1, objspace, "rb_gc_writebarrier_remember: %s\n", rb_obj_info(obj));
 
-    if (is_incremental_marking(objspace)) {
-        if (RVALUE_BLACK_P(objspace, obj)) {
-            gc_grey(objspace, obj);
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
-            rgengc_remember(objspace, obj);
+    if (is_incremental_marking(objspace) || RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
+        int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
+        {
+            if (is_incremental_marking(objspace)) {
+                if (RVALUE_BLACK_P(objspace, obj)) {
+                    gc_grey(objspace, obj);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (RVALUE_OLD_P(objspace, obj)) {
+                rgengc_remember(objspace, obj);
+            }
         }
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
     }
 }
 
-#define RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT 7
+struct rb_gc_object_metadata_names {
+    // Must be ID only
+    ID ID_wb_protected, ID_age, ID_old, ID_uncollectible, ID_marking,
+        ID_marked, ID_pinned, ID_remembered, ID_object_id, ID_shareable;
+};
+
+#define RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT (sizeof(struct rb_gc_object_metadata_names) / sizeof(ID))
 static struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry object_metadata_entries[RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT + 1];
 
 struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *
@@ -6197,10 +6366,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_object_metadata(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
     size_t n = 0;
-    static ID ID_wb_protected, ID_age, ID_old, ID_uncollectible, ID_marking, ID_marked, ID_pinned;
+    static struct rb_gc_object_metadata_names names;
 
-    if (!ID_marked) {
-#define I(s) ID_##s = rb_intern(#s);
+    if (!names.ID_marked) {
+#define I(s) names.ID_##s = rb_intern(#s)
         I(wb_protected);
         I(age);
         I(old);
@@ -6208,12 +6377,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_object_metadata(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
         I(marking);
         I(marked);
         I(pinned);
+        I(remembered);
+        I(object_id);
+        I(shareable);
 #undef I
     }
 
 #define SET_ENTRY(na, v) do { \
     GC_ASSERT(n <= RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT); \
-    object_metadata_entries[n].name = ID_##na; \
+    object_metadata_entries[n].name = names.ID_##na; \
     object_metadata_entries[n].val = v; \
     n++; \
 } while (0)
@@ -6225,6 +6397,9 @@ rb_gc_impl_object_metadata(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
     if (RVALUE_MARKING(objspace, obj)) SET_ENTRY(marking, Qtrue);
     if (RVALUE_MARKED(objspace, obj)) SET_ENTRY(marked, Qtrue);
     if (RVALUE_PINNED(objspace, obj)) SET_ENTRY(pinned, Qtrue);
+    if (RVALUE_REMEMBERED(objspace, obj)) SET_ENTRY(remembered, Qtrue);
+    if (rb_obj_id_p(obj)) SET_ENTRY(object_id, rb_obj_id(obj));
+    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SHAREABLE)) SET_ENTRY(shareable, Qtrue);
 
     object_metadata_entries[n].name = 0;
     object_metadata_entries[n].val = 0;
@@ -6249,7 +6424,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache)
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
     objspace->live_ractor_cache_count--;
-
     gc_ractor_newobj_cache_clear(cache, NULL);
     free(cache);
 }
@@ -6259,7 +6433,7 @@ heap_ready_to_gc(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap)
 {
     if (!heap->free_pages) {
         if (!heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(objspace, heap)) {
-            objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = 1;
+            objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = HEAP_PAGE_SIZE;
             heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(objspace, heap);
         }
     }
@@ -6285,11 +6459,14 @@ gc_reset_malloc_info(rb_objspace_t *objspace, bool full_mark)
 {
     gc_prof_set_malloc_info(objspace);
     {
-        size_t inc = RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_EXCHANGE(malloc_increase, 0);
+        int64_t inc = gc_malloc_counters_increase(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.counters);
         size_t old_limit = malloc_limit;
 
-        if (inc > malloc_limit) {
-            malloc_limit = (size_t)(inc * gc_params.malloc_limit_growth_factor);
+        /* A net-negative `inc` (more freed than malloc'd since last GC) is
+         * treated the same as "allocated less than malloc_limit".
+         * This matches what we were doing pre-monotonic counters, but is it right? */
+        if (inc > 0 && (size_t)inc > malloc_limit) {
+            malloc_limit = (size_t)((size_t)inc * gc_params.malloc_limit_growth_factor);
             if (malloc_limit > gc_params.malloc_limit_max) {
                 malloc_limit = gc_params.malloc_limit_max;
             }
@@ -6316,7 +6493,11 @@ gc_reset_malloc_info(rb_objspace_t *objspace, bool full_mark)
     /* reset oldmalloc info */
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
     if (!full_mark) {
-        if (objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase > objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit) {
+        /* Don't snapshot on minor GC: oldmalloc_increase is meant to
+         * accumulate across minor GCs and only reset at major GC. */
+        int64_t oldmalloc_increase = gc_malloc_counters_increase(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters);
+        if (oldmalloc_increase > 0 &&
+            (uint64_t)oldmalloc_increase > objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit) {
             gc_needs_major_flags |= GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_OLDMALLOC;
             objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit =
               (size_t)(objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit * gc_params.oldmalloc_limit_growth_factor);
@@ -6326,17 +6507,14 @@ gc_reset_malloc_info(rb_objspace_t *objspace, bool full_mark)
             }
         }
 
-        if (0) fprintf(stderr, "%"PRIdSIZE"\t%d\t%"PRIuSIZE"\t%"PRIuSIZE"\t%"PRIdSIZE"\n",
+        if (0) fprintf(stderr, "%"PRIdSIZE"\t%d\t%"PRId64"\t%"PRIuSIZE"\t%"PRIdSIZE"\n",
                        rb_gc_count(),
                        gc_needs_major_flags,
-                       objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase,
+                       oldmalloc_increase,
                        objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit,
                        gc_params.oldmalloc_limit_max);
     }
     else {
-        /* major GC */
-        objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase = 0;
-
         if ((objspace->profile.latest_gc_info & GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_OLDMALLOC) == 0) {
             objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit =
               (size_t)(objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit / ((gc_params.oldmalloc_limit_growth_factor - 1)/10 + 1));
@@ -6353,7 +6531,7 @@ garbage_collect(rb_objspace_t *objspace, unsigned int reason)
 {
     int ret;
 
-    int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     {
 #if GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL
         objspace->profile.prepare_time = getrusage_time();
@@ -6367,7 +6545,7 @@ garbage_collect(rb_objspace_t *objspace, unsigned int reason)
 
         ret = gc_start(objspace, reason);
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -6377,19 +6555,21 @@ gc_start(rb_objspace_t *objspace, unsigned int reason)
 {
     unsigned int do_full_mark = !!(reason & GPR_FLAG_FULL_MARK);
 
-    /* reason may be clobbered, later, so keep set immediate_sweep here */
-    objspace->flags.immediate_sweep = !!(reason & GPR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_SWEEP);
-
     if (!rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted)) return TRUE; /* heap is not ready */
     if (!(reason & GPR_FLAG_METHOD) && !ready_to_gc(objspace)) return TRUE; /* GC is not allowed */
 
-    GC_ASSERT(gc_mode(objspace) == gc_mode_none);
+    rb_gc_initialize_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
+
+    GC_ASSERT(gc_mode(objspace) == gc_mode_none, "gc_mode is %s\n", gc_mode_name(gc_mode(objspace)));
     GC_ASSERT(!is_lazy_sweeping(objspace));
     GC_ASSERT(!is_incremental_marking(objspace));
 
     unsigned int lock_lev;
     gc_enter(objspace, gc_enter_event_start, &lock_lev);
 
+    /* reason may be clobbered, later, so keep set immediate_sweep here */
+    objspace->flags.immediate_sweep = !!(reason & GPR_FLAG_IMMEDIATE_SWEEP);
+
 #if RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2
     gc_verify_internal_consistency(objspace);
 #endif
@@ -6449,7 +6629,6 @@ gc_start(rb_objspace_t *objspace, unsigned int reason)
               reason,
               do_full_mark, !is_incremental_marking(objspace), objspace->flags.immediate_sweep);
 
-#if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(gc_count);
 
     if (reason & GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_MASK) {
@@ -6468,14 +6647,13 @@ gc_start(rb_objspace_t *objspace, unsigned int reason)
         (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(gc_minor_capi,   reason & GPR_FLAG_CAPI);
         (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(gc_minor_stress, reason & GPR_FLAG_STRESS);
     }
-#endif
 
     objspace->profile.count++;
     objspace->profile.latest_gc_info = reason;
     objspace->profile.total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start = total_allocated_objects(objspace);
     objspace->profile.heap_used_at_gc_start = rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted);
+    objspace->profile.heap_total_slots_at_gc_start = objspace_available_slots(objspace);
     objspace->profile.weak_references_count = 0;
-    objspace->profile.retained_weak_references_count = 0;
     gc_prof_setup_new_record(objspace, reason);
     gc_reset_malloc_info(objspace, do_full_mark);
 
@@ -6653,12 +6831,10 @@ gc_clock_end(struct timespec *ts)
 static inline void
 gc_enter(rb_objspace_t *objspace, enum gc_enter_event event, unsigned int *lock_lev)
 {
-    *lock_lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    *lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
 
     switch (event) {
       case gc_enter_event_rest:
-        if (!is_marking(objspace)) break;
-        // fall through
       case gc_enter_event_start:
       case gc_enter_event_continue:
         // stop other ractors
@@ -6692,7 +6868,7 @@ gc_exit(rb_objspace_t *objspace, enum gc_enter_event event, unsigned int *lock_l
     gc_report(1, objspace, "gc_exit: %s [%s]\n", gc_enter_event_cstr(event), gc_current_status(objspace));
     during_gc = FALSE;
 
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(*lock_lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(*lock_lev);
 }
 
 #ifndef MEASURE_GC
@@ -6704,9 +6880,13 @@ gc_marking_enter(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
     GC_ASSERT(during_gc != 0);
 
+    gc_prof_mark_timer_start(objspace);
+
     if (MEASURE_GC) {
         gc_clock_start(&objspace->profile.marking_start_time);
     }
+
+    rb_gc_initialize_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -6717,6 +6897,8 @@ gc_marking_exit(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
     if (MEASURE_GC) {
         objspace->profile.marking_time_ns += gc_clock_end(&objspace->profile.marking_start_time);
     }
+
+    gc_prof_mark_timer_stop(objspace);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -6831,7 +7013,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_prepare_heap(void *objspace_ptr)
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
     size_t orig_total_slots = objspace_available_slots(objspace);
-    size_t orig_allocatable_slots = objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots;
+    size_t orig_allocatable_bytes = objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes;
 
     rb_gc_impl_each_objects(objspace, gc_set_candidate_object_i, objspace_ptr);
 
@@ -6841,14 +7023,16 @@ rb_gc_impl_prepare_heap(void *objspace_ptr)
     rb_gc_impl_start(objspace, true, true, true, true);
     gc_params.heap_free_slots_max_ratio = orig_max_free_slots;
 
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = 0;
+    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = 0;
+    heap_pages_freeable_pages = objspace->empty_pages_count;
     heap_pages_free_unused_pages(objspace_ptr);
+    GC_ASSERT(heap_pages_freeable_pages == 0);
     GC_ASSERT(objspace->empty_pages_count == 0);
-    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = orig_allocatable_slots;
+    objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = orig_allocatable_bytes;
 
     size_t total_slots = objspace_available_slots(objspace);
     if (orig_total_slots > total_slots) {
-        objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots += orig_total_slots - total_slots;
+        objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes += (orig_total_slots - total_slots) * heaps[0].slot_size;
     }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM) && !defined(RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER)
@@ -6867,12 +7051,6 @@ gc_is_moveable_obj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
       case T_ZOMBIE:
         return FALSE;
       case T_SYMBOL:
-        // TODO: restore original behavior
-        // if (RSYMBOL(obj)->id & ~ID_SCOPE_MASK) {
-        //     return FALSE;
-        // }
-        return false;
-        /* fall through */
       case T_STRING:
       case T_OBJECT:
       case T_FLOAT:
@@ -6891,7 +7069,7 @@ gc_is_moveable_obj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
       case T_RATIONAL:
       case T_NODE:
       case T_CLASS:
-        if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) {
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) {
             /* The finalizer table is a numtable. It looks up objects by address.
              * We can't mark the keys in the finalizer table because that would
              * prevent the objects from being collected.  This check prevents
@@ -6917,8 +7095,11 @@ gc_is_moveable_obj(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
 void rb_mv_generic_ivar(VALUE src, VALUE dst);
 
 static VALUE
-gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE src, VALUE dest, size_t src_slot_size, size_t slot_size)
+gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE src, VALUE dest, struct heap_page *src_page, struct heap_page *dest_page)
 {
+    size_t src_slot_size = src_page->slot_size;
+    size_t slot_size = dest_page->slot_size;
+
     int marked;
     int wb_unprotected;
     int uncollectible;
@@ -6944,30 +7125,13 @@ gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE src, VALUE dest, size_t src_slot_size, si
     CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_UNCOLLECTIBLE_BITS(src), src);
     CLEAR_IN_BITMAP(GET_HEAP_PAGE(src)->remembered_bits, src);
 
-    if (FL_TEST(src, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)) {
-        /* If the source object's object_id has been seen, we need to update
-         * the object to object id mapping. */
-        st_data_t srcid = (st_data_t)src, id;
-
-        gc_report(4, objspace, "Moving object with seen id: %p -> %p\n", (void *)src, (void *)dest);
-        /* Resizing the st table could cause a malloc */
-        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_START();
-        {
-            if (!st_delete(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, &srcid, &id)) {
-                rb_bug("gc_move: object ID seen, but not in mapping table: %s", rb_obj_info((VALUE)src));
-            }
-
-            st_insert(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)dest, id);
-        }
-        DURING_GC_COULD_MALLOC_REGION_END();
-    }
-    else {
-        GC_ASSERT(!st_lookup(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)src, NULL));
-    }
-
     /* Move the object */
     memcpy((void *)dest, (void *)src, MIN(src_slot_size, slot_size));
 
+    if (src_slot_size != slot_size && RB_TYPE_P(src, T_OBJECT)) {
+        rb_gc_obj_changed_pool(dest, dest_page->heap - heaps);
+    }
+
     if (RVALUE_OVERHEAD > 0) {
         void *dest_overhead = (void *)(((uintptr_t)dest) + slot_size - RVALUE_OVERHEAD);
         void *src_overhead = (void *)(((uintptr_t)src) + src_slot_size - RVALUE_OVERHEAD);
@@ -6976,7 +7140,7 @@ gc_move(rb_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE src, VALUE dest, size_t src_slot_size, si
     }
 
     memset((void *)src, 0, src_slot_size);
-    RVALUE_AGE_RESET(src);
+    RVALUE_AGE_SET_BITMAP(src, 0);
 
     /* Set bits for object in new location */
     if (remembered) {
@@ -7083,6 +7247,12 @@ gc_sort_heap_by_compare_func(rb_objspace_t *objspace, gc_compact_compare_func co
 }
 #endif
 
+void
+rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    /* no-op */
+}
+
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
@@ -7150,6 +7320,8 @@ gc_update_references(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
     objspace->flags.during_reference_updating = true;
 
+    rb_gc_before_updating_jit_code();
+
     struct heap_page *page = NULL;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
@@ -7169,8 +7341,7 @@ gc_update_references(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
             }
         }
     }
-    gc_ref_update_table_values_only(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl);
-    gc_update_table_refs(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl);
+
     gc_update_table_refs(finalizer_table);
 
     rb_gc_update_vm_references((void *)objspace);
@@ -7185,6 +7356,8 @@ gc_update_references(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
         );
     }
 
+    rb_gc_after_updating_jit_code();
+
     objspace->flags.during_reference_updating = false;
 }
 
@@ -7313,7 +7486,7 @@ gc_info_decode(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE hash_or_key, const unsigned
 #endif
     static VALUE sym_newobj, sym_malloc, sym_method, sym_capi;
     static VALUE sym_none, sym_marking, sym_sweeping;
-    static VALUE sym_weak_references_count, sym_retained_weak_references_count;
+    static VALUE sym_weak_references_count;
     VALUE hash = Qnil, key = Qnil;
     VALUE major_by, need_major_by;
     unsigned int flags = orig_flags ? orig_flags : objspace->profile.latest_gc_info;
@@ -7355,7 +7528,6 @@ gc_info_decode(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE hash_or_key, const unsigned
         S(sweeping);
 
         S(weak_references_count);
-        S(retained_weak_references_count);
 #undef S
     }
 
@@ -7408,7 +7580,6 @@ gc_info_decode(rb_objspace_t *objspace, const VALUE hash_or_key, const unsigned
     }
 
     SET(weak_references_count, LONG2FIX(objspace->profile.weak_references_count));
-    SET(retained_weak_references_count, LONG2FIX(objspace->profile.retained_weak_references_count));
 #undef SET
 
     if (!NIL_P(key)) {
@@ -7435,7 +7606,7 @@ enum gc_stat_sym {
     gc_stat_sym_sweeping_time,
     gc_stat_sym_heap_allocated_pages,
     gc_stat_sym_heap_empty_pages,
-    gc_stat_sym_heap_allocatable_slots,
+    gc_stat_sym_heap_allocatable_bytes,
     gc_stat_sym_heap_available_slots,
     gc_stat_sym_heap_live_slots,
     gc_stat_sym_heap_free_slots,
@@ -7446,6 +7617,8 @@ enum gc_stat_sym {
     gc_stat_sym_total_freed_pages,
     gc_stat_sym_total_allocated_objects,
     gc_stat_sym_total_freed_objects,
+    gc_stat_sym_total_malloc_bytes,
+    gc_stat_sym_total_free_bytes,
     gc_stat_sym_malloc_increase_bytes,
     gc_stat_sym_malloc_increase_bytes_limit,
     gc_stat_sym_minor_gc_count,
@@ -7461,7 +7634,6 @@ enum gc_stat_sym {
     gc_stat_sym_oldmalloc_increase_bytes,
     gc_stat_sym_oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit,
 #endif
-    gc_stat_sym_weak_references_count,
 #if RGENGC_PROFILE
     gc_stat_sym_total_generated_normal_object_count,
     gc_stat_sym_total_generated_shady_object_count,
@@ -7486,7 +7658,7 @@ setup_gc_stat_symbols(void)
         S(sweeping_time),
         S(heap_allocated_pages);
         S(heap_empty_pages);
-        S(heap_allocatable_slots);
+        S(heap_allocatable_bytes);
         S(heap_available_slots);
         S(heap_live_slots);
         S(heap_free_slots);
@@ -7497,6 +7669,8 @@ setup_gc_stat_symbols(void)
         S(total_freed_pages);
         S(total_allocated_objects);
         S(total_freed_objects);
+        S(total_malloc_bytes);
+        S(total_free_bytes);
         S(malloc_increase_bytes);
         S(malloc_increase_bytes_limit);
         S(minor_gc_count);
@@ -7512,7 +7686,6 @@ setup_gc_stat_symbols(void)
         S(oldmalloc_increase_bytes);
         S(oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit);
 #endif
-        S(weak_references_count);
 #if RGENGC_PROFILE
         S(total_generated_normal_object_count);
         S(total_generated_shady_object_count);
@@ -7531,6 +7704,8 @@ ns_to_ms(uint64_t ns)
     return ns / (1000 * 1000);
 }
 
+static void malloc_increase_local_flush(rb_objspace_t *objspace);
+
 VALUE
 rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 {
@@ -7539,6 +7714,9 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 
     setup_gc_stat_symbols();
 
+    ractor_cache_flush_count(objspace, rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache());
+    malloc_increase_local_flush(objspace);
+
     if (RB_TYPE_P(hash_or_sym, T_HASH)) {
         hash = hash_or_sym;
     }
@@ -7554,27 +7732,32 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
         return SIZET2NUM(attr); \
     else if (hash != Qnil) \
         rb_hash_aset(hash, gc_stat_symbols[gc_stat_sym_##name], SIZET2NUM(attr));
+#define SET64(name, attr) \
+    if (key == gc_stat_symbols[gc_stat_sym_##name]) \
+        return ULL2NUM(attr); \
+    else if (hash != Qnil) \
+        rb_hash_aset(hash, gc_stat_symbols[gc_stat_sym_##name], ULL2NUM(attr));
 
     SET(count, objspace->profile.count);
     SET(time, (size_t)ns_to_ms(objspace->profile.marking_time_ns + objspace->profile.sweeping_time_ns)); // TODO: UINT64T2NUM
     SET(marking_time, (size_t)ns_to_ms(objspace->profile.marking_time_ns));
     SET(sweeping_time, (size_t)ns_to_ms(objspace->profile.sweeping_time_ns));
 
-    /* implementation dependent counters */
+    {
+        uint64_t total_malloc = (uint64_t)gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc);
+        uint64_t total_free   = (uint64_t)gc_counter_load_relaxed(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free);
+        SET64(total_malloc_bytes, total_malloc);
+        SET64(total_free_bytes, total_free);
+    }
+
+    /* implementation dependent counters (small / fixnum-safe) */
     SET(heap_allocated_pages, rb_darray_size(objspace->heap_pages.sorted));
     SET(heap_empty_pages, objspace->empty_pages_count)
-    SET(heap_allocatable_slots, objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots);
-    SET(heap_available_slots, objspace_available_slots(objspace));
-    SET(heap_live_slots, objspace_live_slots(objspace));
-    SET(heap_free_slots, objspace_free_slots(objspace));
-    SET(heap_final_slots, total_final_slots_count(objspace));
-    SET(heap_marked_slots, objspace->marked_slots);
+    SET(heap_allocatable_bytes, objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes);
     SET(heap_eden_pages, heap_eden_total_pages(objspace));
     SET(total_allocated_pages, objspace->heap_pages.allocated_pages);
     SET(total_freed_pages, objspace->heap_pages.freed_pages);
-    SET(total_allocated_objects, total_allocated_objects(objspace));
-    SET(total_freed_objects, total_freed_objects(objspace));
-    SET(malloc_increase_bytes, malloc_increase);
+    SET(malloc_increase_bytes, gc_malloc_counters_increase_unsigned(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.counters));
     SET(malloc_increase_bytes_limit, malloc_limit);
     SET(minor_gc_count, objspace->profile.minor_gc_count);
     SET(major_gc_count, objspace->profile.major_gc_count);
@@ -7586,10 +7769,19 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
     SET(old_objects, objspace->rgengc.old_objects);
     SET(old_objects_limit, objspace->rgengc.old_objects_limit);
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-    SET(oldmalloc_increase_bytes, objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase);
+    SET(oldmalloc_increase_bytes, gc_malloc_counters_increase_unsigned(objspace, &objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters));
     SET(oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit, objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit);
 #endif
 
+    ractor_cache_flush_count(objspace, rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache());
+    SET(total_allocated_objects, total_allocated_objects(objspace));
+    SET(total_freed_objects, total_freed_objects(objspace));
+    SET(heap_available_slots, objspace_available_slots(objspace));
+    SET(heap_live_slots, objspace_live_slots(objspace));
+    SET(heap_free_slots, objspace_free_slots(objspace));
+    SET(heap_final_slots, total_final_slots_count(objspace));
+    SET(heap_marked_slots, objspace->marked_slots);
+
 #if RGENGC_PROFILE
     SET(total_generated_normal_object_count, objspace->profile.total_generated_normal_object_count);
     SET(total_generated_shady_object_count, objspace->profile.total_generated_shady_object_count);
@@ -7599,6 +7791,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
     SET(total_remembered_shady_object_count, objspace->profile.total_remembered_shady_object_count);
 #endif /* RGENGC_PROFILE */
 #undef SET
+#undef SET64
 
     if (!NIL_P(key)) {
         // Matched key should return above
@@ -7621,11 +7814,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 
 enum gc_stat_heap_sym {
     gc_stat_heap_sym_slot_size,
+    gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_live_slots,
+    gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_free_slots,
+    gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_final_slots,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_eden_pages,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_eden_slots,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_total_allocated_pages,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_force_major_gc_count,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_force_incremental_marking_finish_count,
+    gc_stat_heap_sym_heap_allocatable_slots,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_total_allocated_objects,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_total_freed_objects,
     gc_stat_heap_sym_last
@@ -7639,8 +7836,12 @@ setup_gc_stat_heap_symbols(void)
     if (gc_stat_heap_symbols[0] == 0) {
 #define S(s) gc_stat_heap_symbols[gc_stat_heap_sym_##s] = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
         S(slot_size);
+        S(heap_live_slots);
+        S(heap_free_slots);
+        S(heap_final_slots);
         S(heap_eden_pages);
         S(heap_eden_slots);
+        S(heap_allocatable_slots);
         S(total_allocated_pages);
         S(force_major_gc_count);
         S(force_incremental_marking_finish_count);
@@ -7651,7 +7852,7 @@ setup_gc_stat_heap_symbols(void)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-stat_one_heap(rb_heap_t *heap, VALUE hash, VALUE key)
+stat_one_heap(rb_objspace_t *objspace, rb_heap_t *heap, VALUE hash, VALUE key)
 {
 #define SET(name, attr) \
     if (key == gc_stat_heap_symbols[gc_stat_heap_sym_##name]) \
@@ -7660,8 +7861,12 @@ stat_one_heap(rb_heap_t *heap, VALUE hash, VALUE key)
         rb_hash_aset(hash, gc_stat_heap_symbols[gc_stat_heap_sym_##name], SIZET2NUM(attr));
 
     SET(slot_size, heap->slot_size);
+    SET(heap_live_slots, heap->total_allocated_objects - heap->total_freed_objects - heap->final_slots_count);
+    SET(heap_free_slots, heap->total_slots - (heap->total_allocated_objects - heap->total_freed_objects));
+    SET(heap_final_slots, heap->final_slots_count);
     SET(heap_eden_pages, heap->total_pages);
     SET(heap_eden_slots, heap->total_slots);
+    SET(heap_allocatable_slots, objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes / heap->slot_size);
     SET(total_allocated_pages, heap->total_allocated_pages);
     SET(force_major_gc_count, heap->force_major_gc_count);
     SET(force_incremental_marking_finish_count, heap->force_incremental_marking_finish_count);
@@ -7682,6 +7887,8 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat_heap(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE heap_name, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
+    ractor_cache_flush_count(objspace, rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache());
+
     setup_gc_stat_heap_symbols();
 
     if (NIL_P(heap_name)) {
@@ -7696,7 +7903,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat_heap(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE heap_name, VALUE hash_or_sym)
                 rb_hash_aset(hash_or_sym, INT2FIX(i), hash);
             }
 
-            stat_one_heap(&heaps[i], hash, Qnil);
+            stat_one_heap(objspace, &heaps[i], hash, Qnil);
         }
     }
     else if (FIXNUM_P(heap_name)) {
@@ -7707,10 +7914,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat_heap(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE heap_name, VALUE hash_or_sym)
         }
 
         if (SYMBOL_P(hash_or_sym)) {
-            return stat_one_heap(&heaps[heap_idx], Qnil, hash_or_sym);
+            return stat_one_heap(objspace, &heaps[heap_idx], Qnil, hash_or_sym);
         }
         else if (RB_TYPE_P(hash_or_sym, T_HASH)) {
-            return stat_one_heap(&heaps[heap_idx], hash_or_sym, Qnil);
+            return stat_one_heap(objspace, &heaps[heap_idx], hash_or_sym, Qnil);
         }
         else {
             rb_bug("non-hash or symbol given");
@@ -7745,7 +7952,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_config_get(void *objspace_ptr)
 }
 
 static int
-gc_config_set_key(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+gc_config_set_key(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE data)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_objspace_t *)data;
     if (rb_sym2id(key) == rb_intern("rgengc_allow_full_mark")) {
@@ -7764,7 +7971,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_config_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash)
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "expected keyword arguments");
     }
 
-    rb_hash_stlike_foreach(hash, gc_config_set_key, (st_data_t)objspace);
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, gc_config_set_key, (st_data_t)objspace);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -7892,8 +8099,8 @@ get_envparam_double(const char *name, double *default_value, double lower_bound,
  * * RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR (new from 2.1)
  *   - Allocate slots by this factor.
  *   - (next slots number) = (current slots number) * (this factor)
- * * RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS (new from 2.1)
- *   - Allocation rate is limited to this number of slots.
+ * * RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_BYTES (was RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS)
+ *   - Allocation rate is limited to this number of bytes.
  * * RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO (new from 2.4)
  *   - Allocate additional pages when the number of free slots is
  *     lower than the value (total_slots * (this ratio)).
@@ -7912,7 +8119,7 @@ get_envparam_double(const char *name, double *default_value, double lower_bound,
  *
  *  * obsolete
  *    * RUBY_FREE_MIN       -> RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS (from 2.1)
- *    * RUBY_HEAP_MIN_SLOTS -> RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS (from 2.1)
+ *    * RUBY_HEAP_MIN_SLOTS -> RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS (from 2.1) -> RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES
  *
  * * RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT
  * * RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT_MAX (new from 2.1)
@@ -7932,15 +8139,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_set_params(void *objspace_ptr)
         /* ok */
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
-        char env_key[sizeof("RUBY_GC_HEAP_" "_INIT_SLOTS") + DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT)];
-        snprintf(env_key, sizeof(env_key), "RUBY_GC_HEAP_%d_INIT_SLOTS", i);
-
-        get_envparam_size(env_key, &gc_params.heap_init_slots[i], 0);
-    }
+    get_envparam_size("RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES", &gc_params.heap_init_bytes, 0);
 
     get_envparam_double("RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR", &gc_params.growth_factor, 1.0, 0.0, FALSE);
-    get_envparam_size  ("RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_SLOTS", &gc_params.growth_max_slots, 0);
+    get_envparam_size  ("RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_MAX_BYTES", &gc_params.growth_max_bytes, 0);
     get_envparam_double("RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO", &gc_params.heap_free_slots_min_ratio,
                         0.0, 1.0, FALSE);
     get_envparam_double("RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO", &gc_params.heap_free_slots_max_ratio,
@@ -8014,8 +8216,53 @@ objspace_malloc_gc_stress(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
     }
 }
 
+static void
+malloc_increase_commit(rb_objspace_t *objspace, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
+{
+    if (new_size > old_size) {
+        size_t delta = new_size - old_size;
+        MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+        gc_counter_add(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.malloc, delta);
+#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
+        gc_counter_add(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.malloc, delta);
+#endif
+        MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
+    }
+    else if (old_size > new_size) {
+        size_t delta = old_size - new_size;
+        MALLOC_COUNTERS_LOCK(objspace);
+        gc_counter_add(&objspace->malloc_counters.counters.free, delta);
+#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
+        gc_counter_add(&objspace->malloc_counters.oldcounters.free, delta);
+#endif
+        MALLOC_COUNTERS_UNLOCK(objspace);
+    }
+}
+
+#if USE_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL
+static void
+malloc_increase_local_flush(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    int delta = malloc_increase_local;
+    if (delta == 0) return;
+
+    malloc_increase_local = 0;
+    if (delta > 0) {
+        malloc_increase_commit(objspace, (size_t)delta, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        malloc_increase_commit(objspace, 0, (size_t)(-delta));
+    }
+}
+#else
+static void
+malloc_increase_local_flush(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 static inline bool
-objspace_malloc_increase_report(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, enum memop_type type)
+objspace_malloc_increase_report(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, enum memop_type type, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     if (0) fprintf(stderr, "increase - ptr: %p, type: %s, new_size: %"PRIdSIZE", old_size: %"PRIdSIZE"\n",
                    mem,
@@ -8027,22 +8274,27 @@ objspace_malloc_increase_report(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t new_s
 }
 
 static bool
-objspace_malloc_increase_body(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, enum memop_type type)
+objspace_malloc_increase_body(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, enum memop_type type, bool gc_allowed)
 {
-    if (new_size > old_size) {
-        RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(malloc_increase, new_size - old_size);
-#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-        RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase, new_size - old_size);
-#endif
+#if USE_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL
+    if (new_size < GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD &&
+        old_size < GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD) {
+        malloc_increase_local += (int)new_size - (int)old_size;
+
+        if (malloc_increase_local >= GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD ||
+            malloc_increase_local <= -GC_MALLOC_INCREASE_LOCAL_THRESHOLD) {
+            malloc_increase_local_flush(objspace);
+        }
     }
     else {
-        atomic_sub_nounderflow(&malloc_increase, old_size - new_size);
-#if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
-        atomic_sub_nounderflow(&objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase, old_size - new_size);
-#endif
+        malloc_increase_local_flush(objspace);
+        malloc_increase_commit(objspace, new_size, old_size);
     }
+#else
+    malloc_increase_commit(objspace, new_size, old_size);
+#endif
 
-    if (type == MEMOP_TYPE_MALLOC) {
+    if (type == MEMOP_TYPE_MALLOC && gc_allowed) {
       retry:
         if (malloc_increase > malloc_limit && ruby_native_thread_p() && !dont_gc_val()) {
             if (ruby_thread_has_gvl_p() && is_lazy_sweeping(objspace)) {
@@ -8124,10 +8376,10 @@ malloc_during_gc_p(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 }
 
 static inline void *
-objspace_malloc_fixup(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t size)
+objspace_malloc_fixup(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     size = objspace_malloc_size(objspace, mem, size);
-    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, mem, size, 0, MEMOP_TYPE_MALLOC) {}
+    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, mem, size, 0, MEMOP_TYPE_MALLOC, gc_allowed) {}
 
 #if CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
     {
@@ -8159,10 +8411,10 @@ objspace_malloc_fixup(rb_objspace_t *objspace, void *mem, size_t size)
             GPR_FLAG_MALLOC;                                 \
         objspace_malloc_gc_stress(objspace);                 \
                                                              \
-        if (RB_LIKELY((expr))) {                                \
+        if (RB_LIKELY((expr))) {                             \
             /* Success on 1st try */                         \
         }                                                    \
-        else if (!garbage_collect_with_gvl(objspace, gpr)) { \
+        else if (gc_allowed && !garbage_collect_with_gvl(objspace, gpr)) { \
             /* @shyouhei thinks this doesn't happen */       \
             GC_MEMERROR("TRY_WITH_GC: could not GC");        \
         }                                                    \
@@ -8200,12 +8452,21 @@ rb_gc_impl_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size)
     }
 #if CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE
     struct malloc_obj_info *info = (struct malloc_obj_info *)ptr - 1;
+#if VERIFY_FREE_SIZE
+    if (!info->size) {
+        rb_bug("buffer %p has no recorded size. Was it allocated with ruby_mimalloc? If so it should be freed with ruby_mimfree", ptr);
+    }
+
+    if (old_size && (old_size + sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info)) != info->size) {
+        rb_bug("buffer %p freed with old_size=%zu, but was allocated with size=%zu", ptr, old_size, info->size - sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info));
+    }
+#endif
     ptr = info;
     old_size = info->size;
 #endif
     old_size = objspace_malloc_size(objspace, ptr, old_size);
 
-    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, ptr, 0, old_size, MEMOP_TYPE_FREE) {
+    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, ptr, 0, old_size, MEMOP_TYPE_FREE, true) {
         free(ptr);
         ptr = NULL;
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(heap_xfree);
@@ -8213,7 +8474,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size)
 }
 
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
+rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
     check_malloc_not_in_gc(objspace, "malloc");
@@ -8224,11 +8485,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
     TRY_WITH_GC(size, mem = malloc(size));
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(heap_xmalloc);
     if (!mem) return mem;
-    return objspace_malloc_fixup(objspace, mem, size);
+    return objspace_malloc_fixup(objspace, mem, size, gc_allowed);
 }
 
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
+rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
@@ -8244,11 +8505,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
     size = objspace_malloc_prepare(objspace, size);
     TRY_WITH_GC(size, mem = calloc1(size));
     if (!mem) return mem;
-    return objspace_malloc_fixup(objspace, mem, size);
+    return objspace_malloc_fixup(objspace, mem, size, gc_allowed);
 }
 
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
+rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
@@ -8256,7 +8517,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_si
 
     void *mem;
 
-    if (!ptr) return rb_gc_impl_malloc(objspace, new_size);
+    if (!ptr) return rb_gc_impl_malloc(objspace, new_size, gc_allowed);
 
     /*
      * The behavior of realloc(ptr, 0) is implementation defined.
@@ -8264,7 +8525,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_si
      * see http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/dr_400.htm
      */
     if (new_size == 0) {
-        if ((mem = rb_gc_impl_malloc(objspace, 0)) != NULL) {
+        if ((mem = rb_gc_impl_malloc(objspace, 0, gc_allowed)) != NULL) {
             /*
              * - OpenBSD's malloc(3) man page says that when 0 is passed, it
              *   returns a non-NULL pointer to an access-protected memory page.
@@ -8306,6 +8567,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_si
         struct malloc_obj_info *info = (struct malloc_obj_info *)ptr - 1;
         new_size += sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info);
         ptr = info;
+#if VERIFY_FREE_SIZE
+        if (old_size && (old_size + sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info)) != info->size) {
+            rb_bug("buffer %p realloced with old_size=%zu, but was allocated with size=%zu", ptr, old_size, info->size - sizeof(struct malloc_obj_info));
+        }
+#endif
         old_size = info->size;
     }
 #endif
@@ -8323,7 +8589,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_si
     }
 #endif
 
-    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, mem, new_size, old_size, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC);
+    objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, mem, new_size, old_size, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC, gc_allowed);
 
     RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(heap_xrealloc);
     return mem;
@@ -8335,10 +8601,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_adjust_memory_usage(void *objspace_ptr, ssize_t diff)
     rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
     if (diff > 0) {
-        objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, 0, diff, 0, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC);
+        objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, 0, diff, 0, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC, true);
     }
     else if (diff < 0) {
-        objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, 0, 0, -diff, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC);
+        objspace_malloc_increase(objspace, 0, 0, -diff, MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC, true);
     }
 }
 
@@ -8577,18 +8843,29 @@ gc_prof_set_heap_info(rb_objspace_t *objspace)
 {
     if (gc_prof_enabled(objspace)) {
         gc_profile_record *record = gc_prof_record(objspace);
-        size_t live = objspace->profile.total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start - total_freed_objects(objspace);
-        size_t total = objspace->profile.heap_used_at_gc_start * HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT;
+
+        /* Sum across all size pools since each has a different slot size. */
+        size_t total = 0;
+        size_t use_size = 0;
+        size_t total_size = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
+            rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[i];
+            size_t heap_live = heap->total_allocated_objects - heap->total_freed_objects - heap->final_slots_count;
+            total += heap->total_slots;
+            use_size += heap_live * heap->slot_size;
+            total_size += heap->total_slots * heap->slot_size;
+        }
 
 #if GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL
+        size_t live = objspace->profile.total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start - total_freed_objects(objspace);
         record->heap_use_pages = objspace->profile.heap_used_at_gc_start;
         record->heap_live_objects = live;
         record->heap_free_objects = total - live;
 #endif
 
         record->heap_total_objects = total;
-        record->heap_use_size = live * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
-        record->heap_total_size = total * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+        record->heap_use_size = use_size;
+        record->heap_total_size = total_size;
     }
 }
 
@@ -8955,6 +9232,12 @@ gc_profile_disable(VALUE _)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+void
+rb_gc_verify_internal_consistency(void)
+{
+    gc_verify_internal_consistency(rb_gc_get_objspace());
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     GC.verify_internal_consistency                  -> nil
@@ -8968,7 +9251,7 @@ gc_profile_disable(VALUE _)
 static VALUE
 gc_verify_internal_consistency_m(VALUE dummy)
 {
-    gc_verify_internal_consistency(rb_gc_get_objspace());
+    rb_gc_verify_internal_consistency();
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -9189,7 +9472,7 @@ gc_verify_compaction_references(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
     /* Clear the heap. */
     rb_gc_impl_start(objspace, true, true, true, false);
 
-    unsigned int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     {
         gc_rest(objspace);
 
@@ -9225,8 +9508,8 @@ gc_verify_compaction_references(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
                  * Step 2: Now add additional free pages to each size pool sufficient to hold all objects
                  * that want to be in that size pool, whether moved into it or moved within it
                  */
-                objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots = desired_compaction.required_slots[i];
-                while (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_slots > 0) {
+                objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes = desired_compaction.required_slots[i] * heap->slot_size;
+                while (objspace->heap_pages.allocatable_bytes > 0) {
                     heap_page_allocate_and_initialize(objspace, heap);
                 }
                 /*
@@ -9245,7 +9528,7 @@ gc_verify_compaction_references(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
             objspace->rcompactor.compare_func = compare_free_slots;
         }
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 
     rb_gc_impl_start(rb_gc_get_objspace(), true, true, true, true);
 
@@ -9284,14 +9567,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_objspace_free(void *objspace_ptr)
         heap->total_slots = 0;
     }
 
-    st_free_table(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl);
-    st_free_table(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl);
-
     free_stack_chunks(&objspace->mark_stack);
     mark_stack_free_cache(&objspace->mark_stack);
 
     rb_darray_free_without_gc(objspace->weak_references);
 
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    rb_native_mutex_destroy(&objspace->malloc_counters.lock);
+#endif
+
     free(objspace);
 }
 
@@ -9329,9 +9613,31 @@ gc_malloc_allocations(VALUE self)
 }
 #endif
 
-void rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr) { /* no-op */ }
-void rb_gc_impl_after_fork(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid) { /* no-op */ }
+void
+rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    objspace->fork_vm_lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    rb_gc_vm_barrier();
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_after_fork(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid)
+{
+    rb_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(objspace->fork_vm_lock_lev);
+    objspace->fork_vm_lock_lev = 0;
 
+    if (pid == 0) { /* child process */
+        rb_gc_ractor_newobj_cache_foreach(gc_ractor_newobj_cache_clear, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_ident_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size);
+
+#if GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    GC.add_stress_to_class(class[, ...])
@@ -9381,6 +9687,7 @@ rb_gcdebug_remove_stress_to_class(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     return Qnil;
 }
+#endif
 
 void *
 rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc(void)
@@ -9399,42 +9706,40 @@ rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(void *objspace_ptr)
 
     objspace->flags.measure_gc = true;
     malloc_limit = gc_params.malloc_limit_min;
+#ifdef MALLOC_COUNTERS_NEED_LOCK
+    rb_native_mutex_initialize(&objspace->malloc_counters.lock);
+#endif
     objspace->finalize_deferred_pjob = rb_postponed_job_preregister(0, gc_finalize_deferred, objspace);
     if (objspace->finalize_deferred_pjob == POSTPONED_JOB_HANDLE_INVALID) {
         rb_bug("Could not preregister postponed job for GC");
     }
 
+    /* A standard RVALUE (RBasic + embedded VALUEs + debug overhead) must fit
+     * in at least one pool.  In debug builds RVALUE_OVERHEAD can push this
+     * beyond the 48-byte pool into the 64-byte pool, which is fine. */
+    GC_ASSERT(rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(sizeof(struct RBasic) + sizeof(VALUE[RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX])));
+
     for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
         rb_heap_t *heap = &heaps[i];
 
-        heap->slot_size = (1 << i) * BASE_SLOT_SIZE;
+        heap->slot_size = pool_slot_sizes[i];
 
         ccan_list_head_init(&heap->pages);
     }
 
+    init_size_to_heap_idx();
+
     rb_darray_make_without_gc(&objspace->heap_pages.sorted, 0);
     rb_darray_make_without_gc(&objspace->weak_references, 0);
 
-    // TODO: debug why on Windows Ruby crashes on boot when GC is on.
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    dont_gc_on();
-#endif
-
 #if defined(INIT_HEAP_PAGE_ALLOC_USE_MMAP)
     /* Need to determine if we can use mmap at runtime. */
     heap_page_alloc_use_mmap = INIT_HEAP_PAGE_ALLOC_USE_MMAP;
 #endif
-    objspace->next_object_id = OBJ_ID_INITIAL;
-    objspace->id_to_obj_tbl = st_init_table(&object_id_hash_type);
-    objspace->obj_to_id_tbl = st_init_numtable();
 #if RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC
     objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit = gc_params.oldmalloc_limit_min;
 #endif
-    /* Set size pools allocatable pages. */
-    for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
-        /* Set the default value of heap_init_slots. */
-        gc_params.heap_init_slots[i] = GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS;
-    }
+    gc_params.heap_init_bytes = GC_HEAP_INIT_BYTES;
 
     init_mark_stack(&objspace->mark_stack);
 
@@ -9447,9 +9752,14 @@ rb_gc_impl_init(void)
 {
     VALUE gc_constants = rb_hash_new();
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("DEBUG")), GC_DEBUG ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("BASE_SLOT_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(BASE_SLOT_SIZE - RVALUE_OVERHEAD));
+    /* Minimum slot size that fits a standard RVALUE */
+    size_t rvalue_pool = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (pool_slot_sizes[i] >= RVALUE_SLOT_SIZE) { rvalue_pool = pool_slot_sizes[i]; break; }
+    }
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(rvalue_pool - RVALUE_OVERHEAD));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RBASIC_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(sizeof(struct RBasic)));
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_OVERHEAD")), SIZET2NUM(RVALUE_OVERHEAD));
-    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT")), SIZET2NUM(HEAP_PAGE_OBJ_LIMIT));
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(HEAP_PAGE_BITMAP_SIZE));
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_PAGE_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(HEAP_PAGE_SIZE));
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_COUNT")), LONG2FIX(HEAP_COUNT));
@@ -9477,10 +9787,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_init(void)
         rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "verify_compaction_references", rb_f_notimplement, -1);
     }
 
-    if (GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS) {
-        rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "add_stress_to_class", rb_gcdebug_add_stress_to_class, -1);
-        rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "remove_stress_to_class", rb_gcdebug_remove_stress_to_class, -1);
-    }
+#if GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "add_stress_to_class", rb_gcdebug_add_stress_to_class, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "remove_stress_to_class", rb_gcdebug_remove_stress_to_class, -1);
+#endif
 
     /* internal methods */
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "verify_internal_consistency", gc_verify_internal_consistency_m, 0);
diff --git a/gc/gc.h b/gc/gc.h
index c2e985252f..d147a3122a 100644
--- a/gc/gc.h
+++ b/gc/gc.h
@@ -10,16 +10,38 @@
  *             first introduced for [Feature #20470].
  */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/assert.h"
 
-#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 #include "ruby/thread_native.h"
 
+#ifndef VM_CHECK_MODE
+# define VM_CHECK_MODE RUBY_DEBUG
+#endif
+
+// From ractor_core.h
+#ifndef RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
+# define RACTOR_CHECK_MODE (VM_CHECK_MODE || RUBY_DEBUG) && (SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_VALUE)
+#endif
+
+#if RACTOR_CHECK_MODE
+void rb_ractor_setup_belonging(VALUE obj);
+
+struct rb_gc_obj_suffix {
+    uint32_t _ractor_belonging_id;
+};
+
+# define RB_GC_OBJ_HAS_SUFFIX 1
+# define RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE (sizeof(struct rb_gc_obj_suffix))
+#else
+# define RB_GC_OBJ_HAS_SUFFIX 0
+# define RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE 0
+#endif
+
 struct rb_gc_vm_context {
     rb_nativethread_lock_t lock;
 
     struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec;
 };
-#endif
 
 typedef int (*vm_table_foreach_callback_func)(VALUE value, void *data);
 typedef int (*vm_table_update_callback_func)(VALUE *value, void *data);
@@ -28,57 +50,88 @@ enum rb_gc_vm_weak_tables {
     RB_GC_VM_CI_TABLE,
     RB_GC_VM_OVERLOADED_CME_TABLE,
     RB_GC_VM_GLOBAL_SYMBOLS_TABLE,
-    RB_GC_VM_GENERIC_IV_TABLE,
+    RB_GC_VM_ID2REF_TABLE,
+    RB_GC_VM_GENERIC_FIELDS_TABLE,
     RB_GC_VM_FROZEN_STRINGS_TABLE,
     RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT
 };
 
+#define RB_GC_VM_LOCK() rb_gc_vm_lock(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev) rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define RB_GC_CR_LOCK() rb_gc_cr_lock(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define RB_GC_CR_UNLOCK(lev) rb_gc_cr_unlock(lev, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER() rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev) rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(lev, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
+# define MODULAR_GC_FN
+#else
+// This takes advantage of internal linkage winning when appearing first.
+// See C99 6.2.2p4.
+# define MODULAR_GC_FN static
+#endif
+
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
-unsigned int rb_gc_vm_lock(void);
-void rb_gc_vm_unlock(unsigned int lev);
-unsigned int rb_gc_cr_lock(void);
-void rb_gc_cr_unlock(unsigned int lev);
-unsigned int rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier(void);
-void rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(unsigned int lev);
-void rb_gc_vm_barrier(void);
-size_t rb_gc_obj_optimal_size(VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(vm_table_foreach_callback_func callback, vm_table_update_callback_func update_callback, void *data, bool weak_only, enum rb_gc_vm_weak_tables table);
-void rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_update_vm_references(void *objspace);
-void rb_gc_event_hook(VALUE obj, rb_event_flag_t event);
-void *rb_gc_get_objspace(void);
+#endif
+
+// These functions cannot be defined as static because they are used by other
+// files in Ruby.
 size_t rb_size_mul_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y, VALUE exc);
-void rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(VALUE objid, long count, VALUE (*callback)(long i, void *data), void *data);
-void rb_gc_set_pending_interrupt(void);
-void rb_gc_unset_pending_interrupt(void);
-void rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(VALUE obj);
-bool rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_save_machine_context(void);
-void rb_gc_mark_roots(void *objspace, const char **categoryp);
-void rb_gc_ractor_newobj_cache_foreach(void (*func)(void *cache, void *data), void *data);
-bool rb_gc_multi_ractor_p(void);
-void rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from_root(void (func)(const char *category, VALUE, void *), void *passing_data);
 void rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from(VALUE obj, void (func)(VALUE, void *), void *data);
-void rb_obj_info_dump(VALUE obj);
+const char *rb_raw_obj_info(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, VALUE obj);
 const char *rb_obj_info(VALUE obj);
-bool rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(VALUE obj);
-uint32_t rb_gc_get_shape(VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_set_shape(VALUE obj, uint32_t shape_id);
-uint32_t rb_gc_rebuild_shape(VALUE obj, size_t heap_id);
 size_t rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE obj);
-void rb_gc_prepare_heap_process_object(VALUE obj);
 bool ruby_free_at_exit_p(void);
-bool rb_memerror_reentered(void);
+void rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from_root(void (func)(const char *category, VALUE, void *), void *passing_data);
+void rb_gc_verify_shareable(VALUE);
+
+MODULAR_GC_FN unsigned int rb_gc_vm_lock(const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_vm_unlock(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN unsigned int rb_gc_cr_lock(const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_cr_unlock(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN unsigned int rb_gc_vm_lock_no_barrier(const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_vm_unlock_no_barrier(unsigned int lev, const char *file, int line);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_vm_barrier(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN size_t rb_gc_obj_optimal_size(VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_mark_children(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(vm_table_foreach_callback_func callback, vm_table_update_callback_func update_callback, void *data, bool weak_only, enum rb_gc_vm_weak_tables table);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_update_object_references(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_update_vm_references(void *objspace);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_event_hook(VALUE obj, rb_event_flag_t event);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void *rb_gc_get_objspace(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(VALUE objid, long count, VALUE (*callback)(long i, void *data), void *data);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_set_pending_interrupt(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_unset_pending_interrupt(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_obj_free(void *objspace, VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_save_machine_context(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_mark_roots(void *objspace, const char **categoryp);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_ractor_newobj_cache_foreach(void (*func)(void *cache, void *data), void *data);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_multi_ractor_p(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_obj_changed_pool(VALUE obj, size_t heap_id);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_prepare_heap_process_object(VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_memerror_reentered(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_obj_id_p(VALUE);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_before_updating_jit_code(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_after_updating_jit_code(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_obj_shareable_p(VALUE);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_rp(VALUE);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_handle_weak_references(VALUE obj);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_obj_needs_cleanup_p(VALUE obj);
 
 #if USE_MODULAR_GC
-bool rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(rb_event_flag_t event);
-void *rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache(void);
-void rb_gc_initialize_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context);
-void rb_gc_worker_thread_set_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context);
-void rb_gc_worker_thread_unset_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context);
+MODULAR_GC_FN bool rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(rb_event_flag_t event);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void *rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache(void);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_initialize_vm_context(struct rb_gc_vm_context *context);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_move_obj_during_marking(VALUE from, VALUE to);
+MODULAR_GC_FN void rb_gc_print_backtrace();
 #endif
+
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+#endif
 
 void rb_ractor_finish_marking(void);
 
@@ -103,7 +156,7 @@ RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wunused-function)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GC_ASSERT
-# define GC_ASSERT(expr) RUBY_ASSERT_MESG_WHEN(RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0, expr, #expr)
+# define GC_ASSERT(expr, ...) RUBY_ASSERT_MESG_WHEN(RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0, expr, #expr RBIMPL_VA_OPT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))
 #endif
 
 static int
@@ -142,6 +195,14 @@ gc_mark_tbl_no_pin_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
 }
 
 static int
+gc_mark_set_no_pin_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark_movable((VALUE)key);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
 hash_foreach_replace(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
 {
     if (rb_gc_location((VALUE)key) != (VALUE)key) {
@@ -158,12 +219,14 @@ hash_foreach_replace(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
 static int
 hash_replace_ref(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t argp, int existing)
 {
-    if (rb_gc_location((VALUE)*key) != (VALUE)*key) {
-        *key = rb_gc_location((VALUE)*key);
+    VALUE new_key = rb_gc_location((VALUE)*key);
+    if (new_key != (VALUE)*key) {
+        *key = new_key;
     }
 
-    if (rb_gc_location((VALUE)*value) != (VALUE)*value) {
-        *value = rb_gc_location((VALUE)*value);
+    VALUE new_value = rb_gc_location((VALUE)*value);
+    if (new_value != (VALUE)*value) {
+        *value = new_value;
     }
 
     return ST_CONTINUE;
diff --git a/gc/gc_impl.h b/gc/gc_impl.h
index 5e8d209432..d9e44cc66d 100644
--- a/gc/gc_impl.h
+++ b/gc/gc_impl.h
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry {
 // Bootup
 GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc(void);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(void *objspace_ptr);
-GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_objspace_free(void *objspace_ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_alloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ractor);
-GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_set_params(void *objspace_ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_init(void);
 GC_IMPL_FN size_t *rb_gc_impl_heap_sizes(void *objspace_ptr);
 // Shutdown
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_shutdown_free_objects(void *objspace_ptr);
+GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_objspace_free(void *objspace_ptr);
+GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache);
 // GC
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_start(void *objspace_ptr, bool full_mark, bool immediate_mark, bool immediate_sweep, bool compact);
 GC_IMPL_FN bool rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(void *objspace_ptr);
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_stress_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE flag);
 GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_stress_get(void *objspace_ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_config_get(void *objspace_ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_config_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash);
+GC_IMPL_FN struct rb_gc_vm_context *rb_gc_impl_get_vm_context(void *objspace_ptr);
 // Object allocation
-GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size);
+GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size);
 GC_IMPL_FN size_t rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN size_t rb_gc_impl_heap_id_for_size(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
 GC_IMPL_FN bool rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(size_t size);
@@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ GC_IMPL_FN bool rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(size_t size);
  * memory just return NULL (with appropriate errno set).
  * The caller side takes care of that situation.
  */
-GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
-GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size);
-GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size);
+GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed);
+GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed);
+GC_IMPL_FN void *rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, bool gc_allowed);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_adjust_memory_usage(void *objspace_ptr, ssize_t diff);
 // Marking
@@ -82,9 +83,11 @@ GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_mark(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_mark_and_move(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
-GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_mark_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr);
-GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_remove_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr);
+// Weak references
+GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
+GC_IMPL_FN bool rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 // Compaction
+GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN bool rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_location(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE value);
 // Write barriers
@@ -100,9 +103,6 @@ GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALU
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_undefine_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr);
-// Object ID
-GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_object_id(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj);
-GC_IMPL_FN VALUE rb_gc_impl_object_id_to_ref(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE object_id);
 // Forking
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr);
 GC_IMPL_FN void rb_gc_impl_after_fork(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid);
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/Cargo.lock b/gc/mmtk/Cargo.lock
index f909c3ae33..910048fa80 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/Cargo.lock
+++ b/gc/mmtk/Cargo.lock
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstream"
-version = "0.6.14"
+version = "0.6.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "418c75fa768af9c03be99d17643f93f79bbba589895012a80e3452a19ddda15b"
+checksum = "8acc5369981196006228e28809f761875c0327210a891e941f4c683b3a99529b"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "anstyle-parse",
@@ -28,35 +28,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle"
-version = "1.0.7"
+version = "1.0.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "038dfcf04a5feb68e9c60b21c9625a54c2c0616e79b72b0fd87075a056ae1d1b"
+checksum = "55cc3b69f167a1ef2e161439aa98aed94e6028e5f9a59be9a6ffb47aef1651f9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-parse"
-version = "0.2.4"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c03a11a9034d92058ceb6ee011ce58af4a9bf61491aa7e1e59ecd24bd40d22d4"
+checksum = "3b2d16507662817a6a20a9ea92df6652ee4f94f914589377d69f3b21bc5798a9"
 dependencies = [
  "utf8parse",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-query"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ad186efb764318d35165f1758e7dcef3b10628e26d41a44bc5550652e6804391"
+checksum = "79947af37f4177cfead1110013d678905c37501914fba0efea834c3fe9a8d60c"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-wincon"
-version = "3.0.3"
+version = "3.0.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "61a38449feb7068f52bb06c12759005cf459ee52bb4adc1d5a7c4322d716fb19"
+checksum = "6680de5231bd6ee4c6191b8a1325daa282b415391ec9d3a37bd34f2060dc73fa"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
@@ -87,54 +88,54 @@ checksum = "41e67cd8309bbd06cd603a9e693a784ac2e5d1e955f11286e355089fcab3047c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c4b4d0bd25bd0b74681c0ad21497610ce1b7c91b1022cd21c80c6fbdd9476b0"
+checksum = "ace50bade8e6234aa140d9a2f552bbee1db4d353f69b8217bc503490fc1a9f26"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.6.0"
+version = "2.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b048fb63fd8b5923fc5aa7b340d8e156aec7ec02f0c78fa8a6ddc2613f6f71de"
+checksum = "1b8e56985ec62d17e9c1001dc89c88ecd7dc08e47eba5ec7c29c7b5eeecde967"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "built"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.7.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6a6c0b39c38fd754ac338b00a88066436389c0f029da5d37d1e01091d9b7c17"
+checksum = "56ed6191a7e78c36abdb16ab65341eefd73d64d303fffccdbb00d51e4205967b"
 dependencies = [
  "git2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.16.1"
+version = "1.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b236fc92302c97ed75b38da1f4917b5cdda4984745740f153a5d3059e48d725e"
+checksum = "9134a6ef01ce4b366b50689c94f82c14bc72bc5d0386829828a2e2752ef7958c"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck_derive"
-version = "1.7.0"
+version = "1.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ee891b04274a59bd38b412188e24b849617b2e45a0fd8d057deb63e7403761b"
+checksum = "3fa76293b4f7bb636ab88fd78228235b5248b4d05cc589aed610f954af5d7c7a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.100"
+version = "1.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c891175c3fb232128f48de6590095e59198bbeb8620c310be349bfc3afd12c7b"
+checksum = "16595d3be041c03b09d08d0858631facccee9221e579704070e6e9e4915d3bc7"
 dependencies = [
  "jobserver",
  "libc",
- "once_cell",
+ "shlex",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -145,15 +146,15 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colorchoice"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b6a852b24ab71dffc585bcb46eaf7959d175cb865a7152e35b348d1b2960422"
+checksum = "5b63caa9aa9397e2d9480a9b13673856c78d8ac123288526c37d7839f2a86990"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "06ea2b9bc92be3c2baa9334a323ebca2d6f074ff852cd1d7b11064035cd3868f"
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam"
@@ -170,18 +171,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
-version = "0.5.13"
+version = "0.5.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33480d6946193aa8033910124896ca395333cae7e2d1113d1fef6c3272217df2"
+checksum = "82b8f8f868b36967f9606790d1903570de9ceaf870a7bf9fbbd3016d636a2cb2"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-deque"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "613f8cc01fe9cf1a3eb3d7f488fd2fa8388403e97039e2f73692932e291a770d"
+checksum = "9dd111b7b7f7d55b72c0a6ae361660ee5853c9af73f70c3c2ef6858b950e2e51"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-epoch",
  "crossbeam-utils",
@@ -198,41 +199,41 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-queue"
-version = "0.3.11"
+version = "0.3.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df0346b5d5e76ac2fe4e327c5fd1118d6be7c51dfb18f9b7922923f287471e35"
+checksum = "0f58bbc28f91df819d0aa2a2c00cd19754769c2fad90579b3592b1c9ba7a3115"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.8.20"
+version = "0.8.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "22ec99545bb0ed0ea7bb9b8e1e9122ea386ff8a48c0922e43f36d45ab09e0e80"
+checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "delegate"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4e018fccbeeb50ff26562ece792ed06659b9c2dae79ece77c4456bb10d9bf79b"
+checksum = "b9b6483c2bbed26f97861cf57651d4f2b731964a28cd2257f934a4b452480d21"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "downcast-rs"
-version = "1.2.1"
+version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75b325c5dbd37f80359721ad39aca5a29fb04c89279657cffdda8736d0c0b9d2"
+checksum = "ea8a8b81cacc08888170eef4d13b775126db426d0b348bee9d18c2c1eaf123cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.12.0"
+version = "1.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3dca9240753cf90908d7e4aac30f630662b02aebaa1b58a3cadabdb23385b58b"
+checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "enum-map"
@@ -251,14 +252,14 @@ checksum = "f282cfdfe92516eb26c2af8589c274c7c17681f5ecc03c18255fe741c6aa64eb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "env_filter"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a009aa4810eb158359dda09d0c87378e4bbb89b5a801f016885a4707ba24f7ea"
+checksum = "186e05a59d4c50738528153b83b0b0194d3a29507dfec16eccd4b342903397d0"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "regex",
@@ -266,14 +267,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "env_logger"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.11.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "38b35839ba51819680ba087cd351788c9a3c476841207e0b8cee0b04722343b9"
+checksum = "13c863f0904021b108aa8b2f55046443e6b1ebde8fd4a15c399893aae4fa069f"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
  "env_filter",
- "humantime",
+ "jiff",
  "log",
 ]
 
@@ -287,10 +288,22 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "26145e563e54f2cadc477553f1ec5ee650b00862f0a58bcd12cbdc5f0ea2d2f4"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "git2"
-version = "0.18.3"
+version = "0.20.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "232e6a7bfe35766bf715e55a88b39a700596c0ccfd88cd3680b4cdb40d66ef70"
+checksum = "7b88256088d75a56f8ecfa070513a775dd9107f6530ef14919dac831af9cfe2b"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "libc",
@@ -312,53 +325,99 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d231dfb89cfffdbc30e7fc41579ed6066ad03abda9e567ccafae602b97ec5024"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "humantime"
-version = "2.1.0"
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a3a5bfb195931eeb336b2a7b4d761daec841b97f947d34394601737a7bba5e4"
+checksum = "f154ce46856750ed433c8649605bf7ed2de3bc35fd9d2a9f30cddd873c80cb08"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "634d9b1461af396cad843f47fdba5597a4f9e6ddd4bfb6ff5d85028c25cb12f6"
+checksum = "686f825264d630750a544639377bae737628043f20d38bbc029e8f29ea968a7e"
 dependencies = [
+ "idna_adapter",
+ "smallvec",
+ "utf8_iter",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "idna_adapter"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "279259b0ac81c89d11c290495fdcfa96ea3643b7df311c138b6fe8ca5237f0f8"
+dependencies = [
+ "idna_mapping",
  "unicode-bidi",
  "unicode-normalization",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "idna_mapping"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11c13906586a4b339310541a274dd927aff6fcbb5b8e3af90634c4b31681c792"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-joining-type",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "is-terminal"
-version = "0.4.12"
+version = "0.4.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f23ff5ef2b80d608d61efee834934d862cd92461afc0560dedf493e4c033738b"
+checksum = "e04d7f318608d35d4b61ddd75cbdaee86b023ebe2bd5a66ee0915f0bf93095a9"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
+ "hermit-abi 0.5.1",
  "libc",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
-version = "1.70.0"
+version = "1.70.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8478577c03552c21db0e2724ffb8986a5ce7af88107e6be5d2ee6e158c12800"
+checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba291022dbbd398a455acf126c1e341954079855bc60dfdda641363bd6922569"
+checksum = "2b192c782037fadd9cfa75548310488aabdbf3d2da73885b31bd0abd03351285"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "jiff"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a194df1107f33c79f4f93d02c80798520551949d59dfad22b6157048a88cca93"
+dependencies = [
+ "jiff-static",
+ "log",
+ "portable-atomic",
+ "portable-atomic-util",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jiff-static"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6c6e1db7ed32c6c71b759497fae34bf7933636f75a251b9e736555da426f6442"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.31"
+version = "0.1.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d2b099aaa34a9751c5bf0878add70444e1ed2dd73f347be99003d4577277de6e"
+checksum = "38f262f097c174adebe41eb73d66ae9c06b2844fb0da69969647bbddd9b0538a"
 dependencies = [
+ "getrandom",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -370,15 +429,15 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.155"
+version = "0.2.172"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97b3888a4aecf77e811145cadf6eef5901f4782c53886191b2f693f24761847c"
+checksum = "d750af042f7ef4f724306de029d18836c26c1765a54a6a3f094cbd23a7267ffa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libgit2-sys"
-version = "0.16.2+1.7.2"
+version = "0.18.3+1.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee4126d8b4ee5c9d9ea891dd875cfdc1e9d0950437179104b183d7d8a74d24e8"
+checksum = "c9b3acc4b91781bb0b3386669d325163746af5f6e4f73e6d2d630e09a35f3487"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -388,9 +447,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libz-sys"
-version = "1.1.18"
+version = "1.1.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c15da26e5af7e25c90b37a2d75cdbf940cf4a55316de9d84c679c9b8bfabf82e"
+checksum = "8b70e7a7df205e92a1a4cd9aaae7898dac0aa555503cc0a649494d0d60e7651d"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -410,9 +469,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.21"
+version = "0.4.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90ed8c1e510134f979dbc4f070f87d4313098b704861a105fe34231c70a3901c"
+checksum = "13dc2df351e3202783a1fe0d44375f7295ffb4049267b0f3018346dc122a1d94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
@@ -431,20 +490,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mmtk"
-version = "0.30.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mmtk/mmtk-core.git?rev=051bc7470feef915c445305301e6113f86d3957b#051bc7470feef915c445305301e6113f86d3957b"
+version = "0.31.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mmtk/mmtk-core.git?rev=c6317a3f1c262e33fc2e427e4cc999c17bcc4791#c6317a3f1c262e33fc2e427e4cc999c17bcc4791"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic",
  "atomic-traits",
  "atomic_refcell",
  "built",
  "bytemuck",
+ "bytemuck_derive",
  "cfg-if",
  "crossbeam",
  "delegate",
  "downcast-rs",
  "enum-map",
  "env_logger",
+ "idna_adapter",
  "is-terminal",
  "itertools",
  "lazy_static",
@@ -456,24 +517,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "num_cpus",
  "portable-atomic",
  "probe",
+ "rayon-core",
  "regex",
  "rustversion",
  "spin",
  "static_assertions",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
- "sysinfo 0.30.12",
+ "sysinfo 0.33.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mmtk-macros"
-version = "0.30.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mmtk/mmtk-core.git?rev=051bc7470feef915c445305301e6113f86d3957b#051bc7470feef915c445305301e6113f86d3957b"
+version = "0.31.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mmtk/mmtk-core.git?rev=c6317a3f1c262e33fc2e427e4cc999c17bcc4791#c6317a3f1c262e33fc2e427e4cc999c17bcc4791"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -487,7 +549,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "mmtk",
  "once_cell",
  "probe",
- "sysinfo 0.32.0",
+ "sysinfo 0.32.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -514,15 +576,21 @@ version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4161fcb6d602d4d2081af7c3a45852d875a03dd337a6bfdd6e06407b61342a43"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
+ "hermit-abi 0.3.9",
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.19.0"
+version = "1.21.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3fdb12b2476b595f9358c5161aa467c2438859caa136dec86c26fdd2efe17b92"
+checksum = "a4895175b425cb1f87721b59f0f286c2092bd4af812243672510e1ac53e2e0ad"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
@@ -532,15 +600,24 @@ checksum = "e3148f5046208a5d56bcfc03053e3ca6334e51da8dfb19b6cdc8b306fae3283e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
-version = "0.3.30"
+version = "0.3.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d231b230927b5e4ad203db57bbcbee2802f6bce620b1e4a9024a07d94e2907ec"
+checksum = "7edddbd0b52d732b21ad9a5fab5c704c14cd949e5e9a1ec5929a24fded1b904c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7170ef9988bc169ba16dd36a7fa041e5c4cbeb6a35b76d4c03daded371eae7c0"
+checksum = "350e9b48cbc6b0e028b0473b114454c6316e57336ee184ceab6e53f72c178b3e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "portable-atomic-util"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8a2f0d8d040d7848a709caf78912debcc3f33ee4b3cac47d73d1e1069e83507"
+dependencies = [
+ "portable-atomic",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "probe"
@@ -574,23 +651,29 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.86"
+version = "1.0.95"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e719e8df665df0d1c8fbfd238015744736151d4445ec0836b8e628aae103b77"
+checksum = "02b3e5e68a3a1a02aad3ec490a98007cbc13c37cbe84a3cd7b8e406d76e7f778"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.36"
+version = "1.0.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0fa76aaf39101c457836aec0ce2316dbdc3ab723cdda1c6bd4e6ad4208acaca7"
+checksum = "1885c039570dc00dcb4ff087a89e185fd56bae234ddc7f056a945bf36467248d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "5.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74765f6d916ee2faa39bc8e68e4f3ed8949b48cccdac59983d287a7cb71ce9c5"
+
+[[package]]
 name = "rayon"
 version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
@@ -612,9 +695,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.10.5"
+version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b91213439dad192326a0d7c6ee3955910425f441d7038e0d6933b0aec5c4517f"
+checksum = "b544ef1b4eac5dc2db33ea63606ae9ffcfac26c1416a2806ae0bf5f56b201191"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -624,9 +707,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.4.7"
+version = "0.4.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "38caf58cc5ef2fed281f89292ef23f6365465ed9a41b7a7754eb4e26496c92df"
+checksum = "809e8dc61f6de73b46c85f4c96486310fe304c434cfa43669d7b40f711150908"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -635,24 +718,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.8.4"
+version = "0.8.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a66a03ae7c801facd77a29370b4faec201768915ac14a721ba36f20bc9c209b"
+checksum = "2b15c43186be67a4fd63bee50d0303afffcef381492ebe2c5d87f324e1b8815c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfa0f585226d2e68097d4f95d113b15b83a82e819ab25717ec0590d9584ef366"
+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
  "semver",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
-version = "1.0.17"
+version = "1.0.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "955d28af4278de8121b7ebeb796b6a45735dc01436d898801014aced2773a3d6"
+checksum = "8a0d197bd2c9dc6e53b84da9556a69ba4cdfab8619eb41a8bd1cc2027a0f6b1d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
@@ -662,9 +745,41 @@ checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
-version = "1.0.23"
+version = "1.0.26"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56e6fa9c48d24d85fb3de5ad847117517440f6beceb7798af16b4a87d616b8d0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde"
+version = "1.0.219"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5f0e2c6ed6606019b4e29e69dbaba95b11854410e5347d525002456dbbb786b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.219"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b0276cf7f2c73365f7157c8123c21cd9a50fbbd844757af28ca1f5925fc2a00"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "shlex"
+version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "61697e0a1c7e512e84a621326239844a24d8207b4669b41bc18b32ea5cbf988b"
+checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smallvec"
+version = "1.15.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8917285742e9f3e1683f0a9c4e6b57960b7314d0b08d30d1ecd426713ee2eee9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
@@ -683,21 +798,21 @@ checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum"
-version = "0.26.3"
+version = "0.27.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fec0f0aef304996cf250b31b5a10dee7980c85da9d759361292b8bca5a18f06"
+checksum = "f64def088c51c9510a8579e3c5d67c65349dcf755e5479ad3d010aa6454e2c32"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum_macros"
-version = "0.26.4"
+version = "0.27.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c6bee85a5a24955dc440386795aa378cd9cf82acd5f764469152d2270e581be"
+checksum = "c77a8c5abcaf0f9ce05d62342b7d298c346515365c36b673df4ebe3ced01fde8"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -712,9 +827,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.68"
+version = "2.0.101"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "901fa70d88b9d6c98022e23b4136f9f3e54e4662c3bc1bd1d84a42a9a0f0c1e9"
+checksum = "8ce2b7fc941b3a24138a0a7cf8e858bfc6a992e7978a068a5c760deb0ed43caf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -723,38 +838,37 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sysinfo"
-version = "0.30.12"
+version = "0.32.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "732ffa00f53e6b2af46208fba5718d9662a421049204e156328b66791ffa15ae"
+checksum = "4c33cd241af0f2e9e3b5c32163b873b29956890b5342e6745b917ce9d490f4af"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
+ "memchr",
  "ntapi",
- "once_cell",
  "rayon",
- "windows 0.52.0",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sysinfo"
-version = "0.32.0"
+version = "0.33.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3b5ae3f4f7d64646c46c4cae4e3f01d1c5d255c7406fdd7c7f999a94e488791"
+checksum = "4fc858248ea01b66f19d8e8a6d55f41deaf91e9d495246fd01368d99935c6c01"
 dependencies = [
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
  "memchr",
  "ntapi",
  "rayon",
- "windows 0.57.0",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tinyvec"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "87cc5ceb3875bb20c2890005a4e226a4651264a5c75edb2421b52861a0a0cb50"
+checksum = "09b3661f17e86524eccd4371ab0429194e0d7c008abb45f7a7495b1719463c71"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec_macros",
 ]
@@ -767,30 +881,36 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
-version = "0.3.15"
+version = "0.3.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08f95100a766bf4f8f28f90d77e0a5461bbdb219042e7679bebe79004fed8d75"
+checksum = "5c1cb5db39152898a79168971543b1cb5020dff7fe43c8dc468b0885f5e29df5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.12"
+version = "1.0.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a5f39404a5da50712a4c1eecf25e90dd62b613502b7e925fd4e4d19b5c96512"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-joining-type"
+version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
+checksum = "d8d00a78170970967fdb83f9d49b92f959ab2bb829186b113e4f4604ad98e180"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
-version = "0.1.23"
+version = "0.1.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a56d1686db2308d901306f92a263857ef59ea39678a5458e7cb17f01415101f5"
+checksum = "5033c97c4262335cded6d6fc3e5c18ab755e1a3dc96376350f3d8e9f009ad956"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
-version = "2.5.2"
+version = "2.5.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "22784dbdf76fdde8af1aeda5622b546b422b6fc585325248a2bf9f5e41e94d6c"
+checksum = "32f8b686cadd1473f4bd0117a5d28d36b1ade384ea9b5069a1c40aefed7fda60"
 dependencies = [
  "form_urlencoded",
  "idna",
@@ -798,6 +918,12 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "utf8_iter"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
+
+[[package]]
 name = "utf8parse"
 version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
@@ -811,9 +937,18 @@ checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
-version = "0.9.4"
+version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasi"
+version = "0.14.2+wasi-0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9683f9a5a998d873c0d21fcbe3c083009670149a8fab228644b8bd36b2c48cb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rt",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
@@ -839,30 +974,11 @@ checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows"
-version = "0.52.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e48a53791691ab099e5e2ad123536d0fff50652600abaf43bbf952894110d0be"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.52.0",
- "windows-targets",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows"
 version = "0.57.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "12342cb4d8e3b046f3d80effd474a7a02447231330ef77d71daa6fbc40681143"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.57.0",
- "windows-targets",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.52.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33ab640c8d7e35bf8ba19b884ba838ceb4fba93a4e8c65a9059d08afcfc683d9"
-dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
@@ -886,7 +1002,7 @@ checksum = "9107ddc059d5b6fbfbffdfa7a7fe3e22a226def0b2608f72e9d552763d3e1ad7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -897,7 +1013,7 @@ checksum = "29bee4b38ea3cde66011baa44dba677c432a78593e202392d1e9070cf2a7fca7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.68",
+ "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -911,18 +1027,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.52.0"
+version = "0.59.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6f0713a46559409d202e70e28227288446bf7841d3211583a4b53e3f6d96e7eb"
+checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
 dependencies = [
  "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc",
@@ -936,48 +1052,57 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7088eed71e8b8dda258ecc8bac5fb1153c5cffaf2578fc8ff5d61e23578d3263"
+checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9985fd1504e250c615ca5f281c3f7a6da76213ebd5ccc9561496568a2752afb6"
+checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88ba073cf16d5372720ec942a8ccbf61626074c6d4dd2e745299726ce8b89670"
+checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "87f4261229030a858f36b459e748ae97545d6f1ec60e5e0d6a3d32e0dc232ee9"
+checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db3c2bf3d13d5b658be73463284eaf12830ac9a26a90c717b7f771dfe97487bf"
+checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4e4246f76bdeff09eb48875a0fd3e2af6aada79d409d33011886d3e1581517d9"
+checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "852298e482cd67c356ddd9570386e2862b5673c85bd5f88df9ab6802b334c596"
+checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.52.5"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rt"
+version = "0.39.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bec47e5bfd1bff0eeaf6d8b485cc1074891a197ab4225d504cb7a1ab88b02bf0"
+checksum = "6f42320e61fe2cfd34354ecb597f86f413484a798ba44a8ca1165c58d42da6c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+]
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/Cargo.toml b/gc/mmtk/Cargo.toml
index 66af77fe61..d856122900 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/Cargo.toml
+++ b/gc/mmtk/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ probe = "0.5"
 sysinfo = "0.32.0"
 
 [dependencies.mmtk]
-features = ["is_mmtk_object", "object_pinning", "sticky_immix_non_moving_nursery", "immix_non_moving"]
+features = ["is_mmtk_object", "object_pinning", "sticky_immix_non_moving_nursery"]
 
 # Uncomment the following lines to use mmtk-core from the official repository.
 git = "https://github.com/mmtk/mmtk-core.git"
-rev = "051bc7470feef915c445305301e6113f86d3957b"
+rev = "c6317a3f1c262e33fc2e427e4cc999c17bcc4791"
 
 # Uncomment the following line to use mmtk-core from a local repository.
 # path = "../../../mmtk-core"
@@ -35,3 +35,8 @@ default = []
 
 # When moving an object, clear its original copy.
 clear_old_copy = []
+
+# Enable extra assertions in release build.  For debugging.
+extra_assert = []
+
+[workspace]
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/cbindgen.toml b/gc/mmtk/cbindgen.toml
index c66f829b3d..b99c30efc8 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/cbindgen.toml
+++ b/gc/mmtk/cbindgen.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ typedef void *MMTk_Address;
 typedef void *MMTk_ObjectReference;
 typedef void *MMTk_NullableObjectReference;
 typedef uint32_t MMTk_AllocationSemantics;
+
+typedef struct MMTk_BumpPointer {
+    uintptr_t cursor;
+    uintptr_t limit;
+} MMTk_BumpPointer;
 """
 
 [export]
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/extconf.rb b/gc/mmtk/extconf.rb
index 5f4228972b..c0e788037e 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/extconf.rb
+++ b/gc/mmtk/extconf.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ create_gc_makefile("mmtk") do |makefile|
     MMTK_BUILD = debug
     LIBMMTK_RUBY = libmmtk_ruby.#$LIBEXT
     RUSTSRCS = #{rustsrcs.join(" \\\n\t   ")}
+
+    ifeq ($(MMTK_BUILD), debug)
+    CPPFLAGS += -DMMTK_DEBUG
+    endif
     MAKEFILE
   ]
 end
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/mmtk.c b/gc/mmtk/mmtk.c
index f52b183fa7..95176b692b 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/mmtk.c
+++ b/gc/mmtk/mmtk.c
@@ -21,13 +21,10 @@ struct objspace {
     bool gc_stress;
 
     size_t gc_count;
+    size_t moving_gc_count;
     size_t total_gc_time;
     size_t total_allocated_objects;
 
-    st_table *id_to_obj_tbl;
-    st_table *obj_to_id_tbl;
-    unsigned long long next_object_id;
-
     st_table *finalizer_table;
     struct MMTk_final_job *finalizer_jobs;
     rb_postponed_job_handle_t finalizer_postponed_job;
@@ -36,19 +33,38 @@ struct objspace {
     unsigned long live_ractor_cache_count;
 
     pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+    rb_atomic_t mutator_blocking_count;
     bool world_stopped;
     pthread_cond_t cond_world_stopped;
     pthread_cond_t cond_world_started;
     size_t start_the_world_count;
 
+    pthread_mutex_t event_hook_mutex;
+
+    struct {
+        bool gc_thread_crashed;
+        char crash_msg[256];
+    } crash_context;
+
     struct rb_gc_vm_context vm_context;
+
+    unsigned int fork_hook_vm_lock_lev;
 };
 
+#define OBJ_FREE_BUF_CAPACITY 128
+
 struct MMTk_ractor_cache {
     struct ccan_list_node list_node;
 
     MMTk_Mutator *mutator;
     bool gc_mutator_p;
+
+    MMTk_BumpPointer *bump_pointer;
+
+    MMTk_ObjectReference obj_free_parallel_buf[OBJ_FREE_BUF_CAPACITY];
+    size_t obj_free_parallel_count;
+    MMTk_ObjectReference obj_free_non_parallel_buf[OBJ_FREE_BUF_CAPACITY];
+    size_t obj_free_non_parallel_count;
 };
 
 struct MMTk_final_job {
@@ -63,7 +79,7 @@ struct MMTk_final_job {
             void *data;
         } dfree;
         struct {
-            VALUE object_id;
+            /* HACK: we store the object ID on the 0th element of this array. */
             VALUE finalizer_array;
         } finalize;
     } as;
@@ -71,12 +87,22 @@ struct MMTk_final_job {
 
 #ifdef RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER
 RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER struct MMTk_GCThreadTLS *rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls;
+
+RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER VALUE marking_parent_object;
 #else
 # error We currently need language-supported TLS
 #endif
 
+#ifdef MMTK_DEBUG
+# define MMTK_ASSERT(expr, ...) RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(expr, #expr RBIMPL_VA_OPT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+# define MMTK_ASSERT(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
 #include <pthread.h>
 
+static inline VALUE rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(VALUE obj, bool pin);
+
 static void
 rb_mmtk_init_gc_worker_thread(MMTk_VMWorkerThread gc_thread_tls)
 {
@@ -109,7 +135,7 @@ rb_mmtk_stop_the_world(void)
 }
 
 static void
-rb_mmtk_resume_mutators(void)
+rb_mmtk_resume_mutators(bool current_gc_may_move)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
@@ -120,6 +146,7 @@ rb_mmtk_resume_mutators(void)
 
     objspace->world_stopped = false;
     objspace->gc_count++;
+    if (current_gc_may_move) objspace->moving_gc_count++;
     pthread_cond_broadcast(&objspace->cond_world_started);
 
     if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&objspace->mutex)) != 0) {
@@ -127,13 +154,17 @@ rb_mmtk_resume_mutators(void)
     }
 }
 
+static void mmtk_flush_obj_free_buffer(struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache);
+
 static void
 rb_mmtk_block_for_gc(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
     size_t starting_gc_count = objspace->gc_count;
-    int lock_lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
+    RUBY_ATOMIC_INC(objspace->mutator_blocking_count);
+    int lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    RUBY_ATOMIC_DEC(objspace->mutator_blocking_count);
     int err;
     if ((err = pthread_mutex_lock(&objspace->mutex)) != 0) {
         rb_bug("ERROR: cannot lock objspace->mutex: %s", strerror(err));
@@ -155,6 +186,11 @@ rb_mmtk_block_for_gc(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator)
 
         rb_gc_vm_barrier();
 
+        struct MMTk_ractor_cache *rc;
+        ccan_list_for_each(&objspace->ractor_caches, rc, list_node) {
+            mmtk_flush_obj_free_buffer(rc);
+        }
+
         objspace->world_stopped = true;
 
         pthread_cond_broadcast(&objspace->cond_world_stopped);
@@ -164,6 +200,10 @@ rb_mmtk_block_for_gc(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator)
             pthread_cond_wait(&objspace->cond_world_started, &objspace->mutex);
         }
 
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(objspace->crash_context.gc_thread_crashed)) {
+            rb_bug("%s", objspace->crash_context.crash_msg);
+        }
+
         if (objspace->measure_gc_time) {
             struct timespec gc_end_time;
             clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &gc_end_time);
@@ -177,7 +217,19 @@ rb_mmtk_block_for_gc(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator)
     if ((err = pthread_mutex_unlock(&objspace->mutex)) != 0) {
         rb_bug("ERROR: cannot release objspace->mutex: %s", strerror(err));
     }
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lock_lev);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lock_lev);
+}
+
+static void
+rb_mmtk_before_updating_jit_code(void)
+{
+    rb_gc_before_updating_jit_code();
+}
+
+static void
+rb_mmtk_after_updating_jit_code(void)
+{
+    rb_gc_after_updating_jit_code();
 }
 
 static size_t
@@ -191,9 +243,7 @@ static void
 rb_mmtk_get_mutators(void (*visit_mutator)(MMTk_Mutator *mutator, void *data), void *data)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
-
     struct MMTk_ractor_cache *ractor_cache;
-    RUBY_ASSERT(ractor_cache != NULL);
 
     ccan_list_for_each(&objspace->ractor_caches, ractor_cache, list_node) {
         visit_mutator(ractor_cache->mutator, data);
@@ -203,7 +253,9 @@ rb_mmtk_get_mutators(void (*visit_mutator)(MMTk_Mutator *mutator, void *data), v
 static void
 rb_mmtk_scan_gc_roots(void)
 {
-    // rb_gc_mark_roots(rb_gc_get_objspace(), NULL);
+    struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
+
+    rb_gc_mark_roots(objspace, NULL);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -223,15 +275,12 @@ rb_mmtk_scan_objspace(void)
         st_foreach(objspace->finalizer_table, pin_value, (st_data_t)objspace);
     }
 
-    st_foreach(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, gc_mark_tbl_no_pin_i, (st_data_t)objspace);
-
     struct MMTk_final_job *job = objspace->finalizer_jobs;
     while (job != NULL) {
         switch (job->kind) {
           case MMTK_FINAL_JOB_DFREE:
             break;
           case MMTK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE:
-            rb_gc_impl_mark(objspace, job->as.finalize.object_id);
             rb_gc_impl_mark(objspace, job->as.finalize.finalizer_array);
             break;
           default:
@@ -243,27 +292,45 @@ rb_mmtk_scan_objspace(void)
 }
 
 static void
-rb_mmtk_scan_roots_in_mutator_thread(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator, MMTk_VMWorkerThread worker)
+rb_mmtk_move_obj_during_marking(MMTk_ObjectReference from, MMTk_ObjectReference to)
+{
+    rb_gc_move_obj_during_marking((VALUE)from, (VALUE)to);
+}
+
+static void
+rb_mmtk_update_object_references(MMTk_ObjectReference mmtk_object)
 {
-    if (mutator->gc_mutator_p) {
-        struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
+    VALUE object = (VALUE)mmtk_object;
 
-        rb_gc_worker_thread_set_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
-        rb_gc_mark_roots(objspace, NULL);
-        rb_gc_worker_thread_unset_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
+    if (!RB_FL_TEST(object, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE)) {
+        marking_parent_object = object;
+        rb_gc_update_object_references(rb_gc_get_objspace(), object);
+        marking_parent_object = 0;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-rb_mmtk_scan_object_ruby_style(MMTk_ObjectReference object)
+rb_mmtk_call_gc_mark_children(MMTk_ObjectReference object)
 {
+    marking_parent_object = (VALUE)object;
     rb_gc_mark_children(rb_gc_get_objspace(), (VALUE)object);
+    marking_parent_object = 0;
 }
 
 static void
-rb_mmtk_call_gc_mark_children(MMTk_ObjectReference object)
+rb_mmtk_handle_weak_references(MMTk_ObjectReference mmtk_object, bool moving)
 {
-    rb_gc_mark_children(rb_gc_get_objspace(), (VALUE)object);
+    VALUE object = (VALUE)mmtk_object;
+
+    marking_parent_object = object;
+
+    rb_gc_handle_weak_references(object);
+
+    if (moving) {
+        rb_gc_update_object_references(rb_gc_get_objspace(), object);
+    }
+
+    marking_parent_object = 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -273,12 +340,16 @@ rb_mmtk_call_obj_free(MMTk_ObjectReference object)
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(rb_gc_event_hook_required_p(RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ))) {
-        rb_gc_worker_thread_set_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&objspace->event_hook_mutex);
         rb_gc_event_hook(obj, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ);
-        rb_gc_worker_thread_unset_vm_context(&objspace->vm_context);
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&objspace->event_hook_mutex);
     }
 
     rb_gc_obj_free(objspace, obj);
+
+#ifdef MMTK_DEBUG
+    memset((void *)obj, 0, rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(obj));
+#endif
 }
 
 static size_t
@@ -290,31 +361,34 @@ rb_mmtk_vm_live_bytes(void)
 static void
 make_final_job(struct objspace *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE table)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(obj, RUBY_FL_FINALIZE));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)table));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(table) == T_ARRAY);
-
-    RB_FL_UNSET(obj, RUBY_FL_FINALIZE);
+    MMTK_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(table) == T_ARRAY);
 
     struct MMTk_final_job *job = xmalloc(sizeof(struct MMTk_final_job));
     job->next = objspace->finalizer_jobs;
     job->kind = MMTK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE;
-    job->as.finalize.object_id = rb_obj_id((VALUE)obj);
     job->as.finalize.finalizer_array = table;
 
     objspace->finalizer_jobs = job;
 }
 
 static int
-rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data, int error)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(key, RUBY_FL_FINALIZE));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)value));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(value) == T_ARRAY);
+    MMTK_ASSERT(mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)value));
+    MMTK_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(value) == T_ARRAY);
 
     struct objspace *objspace = (struct objspace *)data;
 
-    if (!mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)key)) {
+    if (mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)key)) {
+        VALUE new_key_location = rb_mmtk_call_object_closure((VALUE)key, false);
+
+        MMTK_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(new_key_location, RUBY_FL_FINALIZE));
+
+        if (new_key_location != key) {
+            return ST_REPLACE;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
         make_final_job(objspace, (VALUE)key, (VALUE)value);
 
         rb_postponed_job_trigger(objspace->finalizer_postponed_job);
@@ -325,70 +399,119 @@ rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+static int
+rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_replace_i(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t data, int existing)
+{
+    *key = rb_mmtk_call_object_closure((VALUE)*key, false);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
 static void
 rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table(void)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
-    // TODO: replace with st_foreach_with_replace when GC is moving
-    st_foreach(objspace->finalizer_table, rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_i, (st_data_t)objspace);
+    st_foreach_with_replace(
+        objspace->finalizer_table,
+        rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_i,
+        rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table_replace_i,
+        (st_data_t)objspace
+    );
 }
 
 static int
-rb_mmtk_update_table_i(VALUE val, void *data)
+rb_mmtk_global_tables_count(void)
+{
+    return RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(VALUE obj, bool pin);
+
+static int
+rb_mmtk_update_global_tables_i(VALUE val, void *data)
 {
     if (!mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)val)) {
         return ST_DELETE;
     }
 
+    // TODO: check only if in moving GC
+    if (rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(val, false) != val) {
+        return ST_REPLACE;
+    }
+
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
-rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables_obj_to_id_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t data)
+rb_mmtk_update_global_tables_replace_i(VALUE *ptr, void *data)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(key, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID));
-
-    if (!mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)key)) {
-        return ST_DELETE;
-    }
+    // TODO: cache the new location so we don't call rb_mmtk_call_object_closure twice
+    *ptr = rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(*ptr, false);
 
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static int
-rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables_id_to_obj_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t data)
+static void
+rb_mmtk_update_global_tables(int table, bool moving)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(val, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID));
+    MMTK_ASSERT(table < RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT);
 
-    if (!mmtk_is_reachable((MMTk_ObjectReference)val)) {
-        return ST_DELETE;
-    }
+    rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(
+        rb_mmtk_update_global_tables_i,
+        rb_mmtk_update_global_tables_replace_i,
+        NULL,
+        !moving,
+        (enum rb_gc_vm_weak_tables)table
+    );
+}
 
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+static bool
+rb_mmtk_special_const_p(MMTk_ObjectReference object)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)object;
+
+    return RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj);
 }
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_FORMAT(RBIMPL_PRINTF_FORMAT, 1, 2)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
 static void
-rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables(void)
+rb_mmtk_gc_thread_bug(const char *msg, ...)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = rb_gc_get_objspace();
 
-    st_foreach(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables_obj_to_id_i, 0);
-    st_foreach(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables_id_to_obj_i, 0);
+    objspace->crash_context.gc_thread_crashed = true;
+
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, msg);
+    vsnprintf(objspace->crash_context.crash_msg, sizeof(objspace->crash_context.crash_msg), msg, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "-- GC thread backtrace "
+                    "-------------------------------------------\n");
+    rb_gc_print_backtrace();
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+    rb_mmtk_resume_mutators(false);
+
+    sleep(5);
+
+    rb_bug("rb_mmtk_gc_thread_bug");
 }
 
-static int
-rb_mmtk_global_tables_count(void)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
+static void
+rb_mmtk_gc_thread_panic_handler(void)
 {
-    return RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT;
+    rb_mmtk_gc_thread_bug("MMTk GC thread panicked");
 }
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
 static void
-rb_mmtk_update_global_tables(int table)
+rb_mmtk_mutator_thread_panic_handler(void)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(table < RB_GC_VM_WEAK_TABLE_COUNT);
-
-    rb_gc_vm_weak_table_foreach(rb_mmtk_update_table_i, NULL, NULL, true, (enum rb_gc_vm_weak_tables)table);
+    rb_bug("Ruby mutator thread panicked");
 }
 
 // Bootup
@@ -398,19 +521,24 @@ MMTk_RubyUpcalls ruby_upcalls = {
     rb_mmtk_stop_the_world,
     rb_mmtk_resume_mutators,
     rb_mmtk_block_for_gc,
+    rb_mmtk_before_updating_jit_code,
+    rb_mmtk_after_updating_jit_code,
     rb_mmtk_number_of_mutators,
     rb_mmtk_get_mutators,
     rb_mmtk_scan_gc_roots,
     rb_mmtk_scan_objspace,
-    rb_mmtk_scan_roots_in_mutator_thread,
-    rb_mmtk_scan_object_ruby_style,
+    rb_mmtk_move_obj_during_marking,
+    rb_mmtk_update_object_references,
     rb_mmtk_call_gc_mark_children,
+    rb_mmtk_handle_weak_references,
     rb_mmtk_call_obj_free,
     rb_mmtk_vm_live_bytes,
     rb_mmtk_update_global_tables,
     rb_mmtk_global_tables_count,
     rb_mmtk_update_finalizer_table,
-    rb_mmtk_update_obj_id_tables,
+    rb_mmtk_special_const_p,
+    rb_mmtk_mutator_thread_panic_handler,
+    rb_mmtk_gc_thread_panic_handler,
 };
 
 // Use max 80% of the available memory by default for MMTk
@@ -434,12 +562,14 @@ void *
 rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc(void)
 {
     MMTk_Builder *builder = rb_mmtk_builder_init();
-    mmtk_init_binding(builder, NULL, &ruby_upcalls, (MMTk_ObjectReference)Qundef);
+    MMTk_RubyBindingOptions binding_options = {
+        .suffix_size = RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE,
+    };
+    mmtk_init_binding(builder, &binding_options, &ruby_upcalls);
 
     return calloc(1, sizeof(struct objspace));
 }
 
-static void objspace_obj_id_init(struct objspace *objspace);
 static void gc_run_finalizers(void *data);
 
 void
@@ -449,8 +579,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(void *objspace_ptr)
 
     objspace->measure_gc_time = true;
 
-    objspace_obj_id_init(objspace);
-
     objspace->finalizer_table = st_init_numtable();
     objspace->finalizer_postponed_job = rb_postponed_job_preregister(0, gc_run_finalizers, objspace);
 
@@ -459,6 +587,8 @@ rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(void *objspace_ptr)
     objspace->mutex = (pthread_mutex_t)PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
     objspace->cond_world_stopped = (pthread_cond_t)PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
     objspace->cond_world_started = (pthread_cond_t)PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
+
+    objspace->event_hook_mutex = (pthread_mutex_t)PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 }
 
 void
@@ -476,10 +606,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_alloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ractor)
     }
     objspace->live_ractor_cache_count++;
 
-    struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache = malloc(sizeof(struct MMTk_ractor_cache));
+    struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache = calloc(1, sizeof(struct MMTk_ractor_cache));
     ccan_list_add(&objspace->ractor_caches, &cache->list_node);
 
     cache->mutator = mmtk_bind_mutator(cache);
+    cache->bump_pointer = mmtk_get_bump_pointer_allocator(cache->mutator);
 
     return cache;
 }
@@ -492,7 +623,15 @@ rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr)
 
     ccan_list_del(&cache->list_node);
 
-    RUBY_ASSERT(objspace->live_ractor_cache_count > 1);
+    mmtk_flush_obj_free_buffer(cache);
+
+    if (ruby_free_at_exit_p()) {
+        MMTK_ASSERT(objspace->live_ractor_cache_count > 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        MMTK_ASSERT(objspace->live_ractor_cache_count > 1);
+    }
+
     objspace->live_ractor_cache_count--;
 
     mmtk_destroy_mutator(cache->mutator);
@@ -502,15 +641,31 @@ void rb_gc_impl_set_params(void *objspace_ptr) { }
 
 static VALUE gc_verify_internal_consistency(VALUE self) { return Qnil; }
 
+#if SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8
+#define MMTK_HEAP_COUNT 12
+#define MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE 1024
+static size_t heap_sizes[MMTK_HEAP_COUNT + 1] = {
+    32, 40, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 256, 512, 640, 768, MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE, 0
+};
+#else
+#define MMTK_HEAP_COUNT 5
+#define MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE 512
+static size_t heap_sizes[MMTK_HEAP_COUNT + 1] = {
+    32, 64, 128, 256, MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE, 0
+};
+#endif
+
 void
 rb_gc_impl_init(void)
 {
     VALUE gc_constants = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("BASE_SLOT_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(sizeof(VALUE) * 5));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8 ? 64 : 32));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RBASIC_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(sizeof(struct RBasic)));
     rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_OVERHEAD")), INT2NUM(0));
-    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVARGC_MAX_ALLOCATE_SIZE")), LONG2FIX(640));
-    // Pretend we have 5 size pools
-    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_POOL_COUNT")), LONG2FIX(5));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVARGC_MAX_ALLOCATE_SIZE")), LONG2FIX(MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_COUNT")), LONG2FIX(MMTK_HEAP_COUNT));
+    // TODO: correctly set RVALUE_OLD_AGE when we have generational GC support
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_OLD_AGE")), INT2FIX(0));
     OBJ_FREEZE(gc_constants);
     rb_define_const(rb_mGC, "INTERNAL_CONSTANTS", gc_constants);
 
@@ -524,10 +679,6 @@ rb_gc_impl_init(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "verify_compaction_references", rb_f_notimplement, -1);
 }
 
-static size_t heap_sizes[6] = {
-    40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 0
-};
-
 size_t *
 rb_gc_impl_heap_sizes(void *objspace_ptr)
 {
@@ -568,8 +719,8 @@ rb_gc_impl_start(void *objspace_ptr, bool full_mark, bool immediate_mark, bool i
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(void *objspace_ptr)
 {
-    // TODO
-    return false;
+    struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->world_stopped;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -639,17 +790,106 @@ rb_gc_impl_config_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash)
     // TODO
 }
 
+struct rb_gc_vm_context *
+rb_gc_impl_get_vm_context(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    return &objspace->vm_context;
+}
+
 // Object allocation
 
+static VALUE
+rb_mmtk_alloc_fast_path(struct objspace *objspace, struct MMTk_ractor_cache *ractor_cache, size_t size, size_t align)
+{
+    MMTk_BumpPointer *bump_pointer = ractor_cache->bump_pointer;
+    if (bump_pointer == NULL) return 0;
+
+    uintptr_t cursor = bump_pointer->cursor;
+
+    // Ensure cursor is aligned
+    size_t mask = align - 1;
+    cursor = (cursor + mask) & ~mask;
+
+    cursor += size;
+
+    if (cursor > bump_pointer->limit) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE obj = cursor - size;
+        bump_pointer->cursor = cursor;
+        return obj;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool
+obj_can_parallel_free_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_ARRAY:
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+      case T_COMPLEX:
+      case T_FLOAT:
+      case T_HASH:
+      case T_OBJECT:
+      case T_RATIONAL:
+      case T_REGEXP:
+      case T_STRING:
+      case T_STRUCT:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+mmtk_flush_obj_free_buffer(struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache)
+{
+    if (cache->obj_free_parallel_count > 0) {
+        mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(cache->obj_free_parallel_buf,
+                                     cache->obj_free_parallel_count, true);
+        cache->obj_free_parallel_count = 0;
+    }
+    if (cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count > 0) {
+        mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(cache->obj_free_non_parallel_buf,
+                                     cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count, false);
+        cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+mmtk_buffer_obj_free_candidate(struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (obj_can_parallel_free_p(obj)) {
+        cache->obj_free_parallel_buf[cache->obj_free_parallel_count++] = (MMTk_ObjectReference)obj;
+        if (cache->obj_free_parallel_count >= OBJ_FREE_BUF_CAPACITY) {
+            mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(cache->obj_free_parallel_buf,
+                                         cache->obj_free_parallel_count, true);
+            cache->obj_free_parallel_count = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        cache->obj_free_non_parallel_buf[cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count++] = (MMTk_ObjectReference)obj;
+        if (cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count >= OBJ_FREE_BUF_CAPACITY) {
+            mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(cache->obj_free_non_parallel_buf,
+                                         cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count, false);
+            cache->obj_free_non_parallel_count = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE v1, VALUE v2, VALUE v3, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size)
+rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size)
 {
 #define MMTK_ALLOCATION_SEMANTICS_DEFAULT 0
     struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
     struct MMTk_ractor_cache *ractor_cache = cache_ptr;
 
-    if (alloc_size > 640) rb_bug("too big");
-    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    if (alloc_size > MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE) rb_bug("too big");
+    for (int i = 0; i < MMTK_HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
         if (alloc_size == heap_sizes[i]) break;
         if (alloc_size < heap_sizes[i]) {
             alloc_size = heap_sizes[i];
@@ -661,19 +901,24 @@ rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags
         mmtk_handle_user_collection_request(ractor_cache, false, false);
     }
 
-    VALUE *alloc_obj = mmtk_alloc(ractor_cache->mutator, alloc_size + 8, MMTk_MIN_OBJ_ALIGN, 0, MMTK_ALLOCATION_SEMANTICS_DEFAULT);
+    // Layout: [hidden size header (sizeof(VALUE))][payload (alloc_size)][suffix (RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE)]
+    alloc_size += sizeof(VALUE) + RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE;
+
+    VALUE *alloc_obj = (VALUE *)rb_mmtk_alloc_fast_path(objspace, ractor_cache, alloc_size, MMTk_MIN_OBJ_ALIGN);
+    if (!alloc_obj) {
+        alloc_obj = mmtk_alloc(ractor_cache->mutator, alloc_size, MMTk_MIN_OBJ_ALIGN, 0, MMTK_ALLOCATION_SEMANTICS_DEFAULT);
+    }
+
     alloc_obj++;
-    alloc_obj[-1] = alloc_size;
+    alloc_obj[-1] = alloc_size - sizeof(VALUE) - RB_GC_OBJ_SUFFIX_SIZE;
     alloc_obj[0] = flags;
     alloc_obj[1] = klass;
-    if (alloc_size > 16) alloc_obj[2] = v1;
-    if (alloc_size > 24) alloc_obj[3] = v2;
-    if (alloc_size > 32) alloc_obj[4] = v3;
 
-    mmtk_post_alloc(ractor_cache->mutator, (void*)alloc_obj, alloc_size + 8, MMTK_ALLOCATION_SEMANTICS_DEFAULT);
+    // TODO: implement fast path for mmtk_post_alloc
+    mmtk_post_alloc(ractor_cache->mutator, (void*)alloc_obj, alloc_size, MMTK_ALLOCATION_SEMANTICS_DEFAULT);
 
     // TODO: only add when object needs obj_free to be called
-    mmtk_add_obj_free_candidate(alloc_obj);
+    mmtk_buffer_obj_free_candidate(ractor_cache, (VALUE)alloc_obj);
 
     objspace->total_allocated_objects++;
 
@@ -689,7 +934,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj)
 size_t
 rb_gc_impl_heap_id_for_size(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < MMTK_HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
         if (size == heap_sizes[i]) return i;
         if (size < heap_sizes[i])  return i;
     }
@@ -700,26 +945,26 @@ rb_gc_impl_heap_id_for_size(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(size_t size)
 {
-    return size <= 640;
+    return size <= MMTK_MAX_OBJ_SIZE;
 }
 
 // Malloc
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
+rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     // TODO: don't use system malloc
     return malloc(size);
 }
 
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
+rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     // TODO: don't use system calloc
     return calloc(1, size);
 }
 
 void *
-rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
+rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, bool gc_allowed)
 {
     // TODO: don't use system realloc
     return realloc(ptr, new_size);
@@ -735,15 +980,34 @@ rb_gc_impl_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size)
 void rb_gc_impl_adjust_memory_usage(void *objspace_ptr, ssize_t diff) { }
 
 // Marking
+static inline VALUE
+rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(VALUE obj, bool pin)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_NONE)) {
+        enum { info_size = 256 };
+        char obj_info_buf[info_size];
+        rb_raw_obj_info(obj_info_buf, info_size, obj);
+
+        char parent_obj_info_buf[info_size];
+        rb_raw_obj_info(parent_obj_info_buf, info_size, marking_parent_object);
+
+        rb_mmtk_gc_thread_bug("try to mark T_NONE object (obj: %s, parent: %s)", obj_info_buf, parent_obj_info_buf);
+    }
+
+    return (VALUE)rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->object_closure.c_function(
+        rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->object_closure.rust_closure,
+        rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->gc_context,
+        (MMTk_ObjectReference)obj,
+        pin
+    );
+}
+
 void
 rb_gc_impl_mark(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
     if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return;
 
-    rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->object_closure.c_function(rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->object_closure.rust_closure,
-                                                     rb_mmtk_gc_thread_tls->gc_context,
-                                                     (MMTk_ObjectReference)obj,
-                                                     false);
+    rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(obj, false);
 }
 
 void
@@ -751,8 +1015,10 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_and_move(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr)
 {
     if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(*ptr)) return;
 
-    // TODO: make it movable
-    rb_gc_impl_mark(objspace_ptr, *ptr);
+    VALUE new_obj = rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(*ptr, false);
+    if (new_obj != *ptr) {
+        *ptr = new_obj;
+    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -760,8 +1026,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
     if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return;
 
-    // TODO: also pin
-    rb_gc_impl_mark(objspace_ptr, obj);
+    rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(obj, true);
 }
 
 void
@@ -773,28 +1038,35 @@ rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 }
 
 void
-rb_gc_impl_mark_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr)
+rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    mmtk_mark_weak((MMTk_ObjectReference *)ptr);
+    RB_FL_SET(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE);
+    mmtk_declare_weak_references((MMTk_ObjectReference)obj);
 }
 
-void
-rb_gc_impl_remove_weak(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr)
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    mmtk_remove_weak((MMTk_ObjectReference *)ptr);
+    return mmtk_weak_references_alive_p((MMTk_ObjectReference)obj);
 }
 
 // Compaction
+void
+rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    mmtk_register_pinning_obj((MMTk_ObjectReference)obj);
+}
+
 bool
 rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_bug("unimplemented");
+    return rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(obj, false) != obj;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_location(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE value)
+rb_gc_impl_location(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_bug("unimplemented");
+    return rb_mmtk_call_object_closure(obj, false);
 }
 
 // Write barriers
@@ -803,6 +1075,23 @@ rb_gc_impl_writebarrier(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE a, VALUE b)
 {
     struct MMTk_ractor_cache *cache = rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache();
 
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(b)) return;
+
+#ifdef MMTK_DEBUG
+    if (!rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(objspace_ptr, (void *)a)) {
+        char buff[256];
+        rb_bug("a: %s is not an object", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, 256, a));
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(objspace_ptr, (void *)b)) {
+        char buff[256];
+        rb_bug("b: %s is not an object", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, 256, b));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    MMTK_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(a) != T_NONE);
+    MMTK_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(b) != T_NONE);
+
     mmtk_object_reference_write_post(cache->mutator, (MMTk_ObjectReference)a);
 }
 
@@ -907,7 +1196,7 @@ gc_run_finalizers_get_final(long i, void *data)
 {
     VALUE table = (VALUE)data;
 
-    return RARRAY_AREF(table, i);
+    return RARRAY_AREF(table, i + 1);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -926,17 +1215,15 @@ gc_run_finalizers(void *data)
             job->as.dfree.func(job->as.dfree.data);
             break;
           case MMTK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE: {
-            VALUE object_id = job->as.finalize.object_id;
             VALUE finalizer_array = job->as.finalize.finalizer_array;
 
             rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(
-                job->as.finalize.object_id,
-                RARRAY_LEN(finalizer_array),
+                RARRAY_AREF(finalizer_array, 0),
+                RARRAY_LEN(finalizer_array) - 1,
                 gc_run_finalizers_get_final,
                 (void *)finalizer_array
             );
 
-            RB_GC_GUARD(object_id);
             RB_GC_GUARD(finalizer_array);
             break;
           }
@@ -980,6 +1267,8 @@ rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALUE block)
 
     RBASIC(obj)->flags |= FL_FINALIZE;
 
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
     if (st_lookup(objspace->finalizer_table, obj, &data)) {
         table = (VALUE)data;
 
@@ -991,6 +1280,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALUE block)
             for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                 VALUE recv = RARRAY_AREF(table, i);
                 if (rb_equal(recv, block)) {
+                    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
                     return recv;
                 }
             }
@@ -999,11 +1289,13 @@ rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALUE block)
         rb_ary_push(table, block);
     }
     else {
-        table = rb_ary_new3(1, block);
+        table = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_obj_id(obj), block);
         rb_obj_hide(table);
         st_add_direct(objspace->finalizer_table, obj, table);
     }
 
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+
     return block;
 }
 
@@ -1013,7 +1305,11 @@ rb_gc_impl_undefine_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
     struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
     st_data_t data = obj;
+
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     st_delete(objspace->finalizer_table, &data, 0);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+
     FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
 }
 
@@ -1026,14 +1322,17 @@ rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
 
     if (!FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) return;
 
+    int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
     if (RB_LIKELY(st_lookup(objspace->finalizer_table, obj, &data))) {
-        table = (VALUE)data;
+        table = rb_ary_dup((VALUE)data);
+        RARRAY_ASET(table, 0, rb_obj_id(dest));
         st_insert(objspace->finalizer_table, dest, table);
         FL_SET(dest, FL_FINALIZE);
     }
     else {
         rb_bug("rb_gc_copy_finalizer: FL_FINALIZE set but not found in finalizer_table: %s", rb_obj_info(obj));
     }
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1057,112 +1356,67 @@ rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr)
         gc_run_finalizers(objspace);
     }
 
-    struct MMTk_RawVecOfObjRef registered_candidates = mmtk_get_all_obj_free_candidates();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < registered_candidates.len; i++) {
-        VALUE obj = (VALUE)registered_candidates.ptr[i];
-
-        if (rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(obj)) {
-            rb_gc_obj_free(objspace_ptr, obj);
-            RBASIC(obj)->flags = 0;
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    {
+        struct MMTk_ractor_cache *rc;
+        ccan_list_for_each(&objspace->ractor_caches, rc, list_node) {
+            mmtk_flush_obj_free_buffer(rc);
         }
-    }
-    mmtk_free_raw_vec_of_obj_ref(registered_candidates);
 
-    gc_run_finalizers(objspace);
-}
+        struct MMTk_RawVecOfObjRef registered_candidates = mmtk_get_all_obj_free_candidates();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < registered_candidates.len; i++) {
+            VALUE obj = (VALUE)registered_candidates.ptr[i];
 
-// Object ID
-static int
-object_id_cmp(st_data_t x, st_data_t y)
-{
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
-        return !rb_big_eql(x, y);
-    }
-    else {
-        return x != y;
+            if (rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(obj)) {
+                rb_gc_obj_free(objspace_ptr, obj);
+                RBASIC(obj)->flags = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        mmtk_free_raw_vec_of_obj_ref(registered_candidates);
     }
-}
-
-static st_index_t
-object_id_hash(st_data_t n)
-{
-    return FIX2LONG(rb_hash((VALUE)n));
-}
-
-#define OBJ_ID_INCREMENT (RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK + 1)
-#define OBJ_ID_INITIAL (OBJ_ID_INCREMENT)
-
-static const struct st_hash_type object_id_hash_type = {
-    object_id_cmp,
-    object_id_hash,
-};
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
 
-static void
-objspace_obj_id_init(struct objspace *objspace)
-{
-    objspace->id_to_obj_tbl = st_init_table(&object_id_hash_type);
-    objspace->obj_to_id_tbl = st_init_numtable();
-    objspace->next_object_id = OBJ_ID_INITIAL;
+    gc_run_finalizers(objspace);
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_object_id(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
-{
-    struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
-
-    unsigned int lev = rb_gc_vm_lock();
-
-    VALUE id;
-    if (st_lookup(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)obj, &id)) {
-        RUBY_ASSERT(FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID));
-    }
-    else {
-        RUBY_ASSERT(!FL_TEST(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID));
-
-        id = ULL2NUM(objspace->next_object_id);
-        objspace->next_object_id += OBJ_ID_INCREMENT;
-
-        st_insert(objspace->obj_to_id_tbl, (st_data_t)obj, (st_data_t)id);
-        st_insert(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, (st_data_t)id, (st_data_t)obj);
-        FL_SET(obj, FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID);
-    }
-
-    rb_gc_vm_unlock(lev);
-
-    return id;
-}
+// Forking
 
-VALUE
-rb_gc_impl_object_id_to_ref(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE object_id)
+void
+rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr)
 {
     struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
 
-    VALUE obj;
-    if (st_lookup(objspace->id_to_obj_tbl, object_id, &obj) &&
-            !rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(objspace, obj)) {
-        return obj;
+  retry:
+    objspace->fork_hook_vm_lock_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    rb_gc_vm_barrier();
+
+    /* At this point, we know that all the Ractors are paused because of the
+     * rb_gc_vm_barrier above. Since rb_mmtk_block_for_gc is a barrier point,
+     * one or more Ractors could be paused there. However, mmtk_before_fork is
+     * not compatible with that because it assumes that the MMTk workers are idle,
+     * but the workers are not idle because they are busy working on a GC.
+     *
+     * This essentially implements a trylock. It will optimistically lock but will
+     * release the lock if it detects that any other Ractors are waiting in
+     * rb_mmtk_block_for_gc.
+     */
+    rb_atomic_t mutator_blocking_count = RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(objspace->mutator_blocking_count);
+    if (mutator_blocking_count != 0) {
+        RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(objspace->fork_hook_vm_lock_lev);
+        goto retry;
     }
 
-    if (rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern(">="), 1, ULL2NUM(objspace->next_object_id))) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is not id value", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%+"PRIsVALUE" is recycled object", rb_funcall(object_id, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(10)));
-    }
-}
-
-// Forking
-
-void
-rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr)
-{
     mmtk_before_fork();
 }
 
 void
 rb_gc_impl_after_fork(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid)
 {
+    struct objspace *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
     mmtk_after_fork(rb_gc_get_ractor_newobj_cache());
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(objspace->fork_hook_vm_lock_lev);
 }
 
 // Statistics
@@ -1235,6 +1489,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_latest_gc_info(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_key)
 
 enum gc_stat_sym {
     gc_stat_sym_count,
+    gc_stat_sym_moving_gc_count,
     gc_stat_sym_time,
     gc_stat_sym_total_allocated_objects,
     gc_stat_sym_total_bytes,
@@ -1242,6 +1497,7 @@ enum gc_stat_sym {
     gc_stat_sym_free_bytes,
     gc_stat_sym_starting_heap_address,
     gc_stat_sym_last_heap_address,
+    gc_stat_sym_weak_references_count,
     gc_stat_sym_last
 };
 
@@ -1253,6 +1509,7 @@ setup_gc_stat_symbols(void)
     if (gc_stat_symbols[0] == 0) {
 #define S(s) gc_stat_symbols[gc_stat_sym_##s] = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
         S(count);
+        S(moving_gc_count);
         S(time);
         S(total_allocated_objects);
         S(total_bytes);
@@ -1260,6 +1517,7 @@ setup_gc_stat_symbols(void)
         S(free_bytes);
         S(starting_heap_address);
         S(last_heap_address);
+        S(weak_references_count);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1288,6 +1546,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
         rb_hash_aset(hash, gc_stat_symbols[gc_stat_sym_##name], SIZET2NUM(attr));
 
         SET(count, objspace->gc_count);
+        SET(moving_gc_count, objspace->moving_gc_count);
         SET(time, objspace->total_gc_time / (1000 * 1000));
         SET(total_allocated_objects, objspace->total_allocated_objects);
         SET(total_bytes, mmtk_total_bytes());
@@ -1295,6 +1554,7 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
         SET(free_bytes, mmtk_free_bytes());
         SET(starting_heap_address, (size_t)mmtk_starting_heap_address());
         SET(last_heap_address, (size_t)mmtk_last_heap_address());
+        SET(weak_references_count, mmtk_weak_references_count());
 #undef SET
 
     if (!NIL_P(key)) {
@@ -1308,24 +1568,55 @@ rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 VALUE
 rb_gc_impl_stat_heap(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE heap_name, VALUE hash_or_sym)
 {
+    if (FIXNUM_P(heap_name) && SYMBOL_P(hash_or_sym)) {
+        int heap_idx = FIX2INT(heap_name);
+        if (heap_idx < 0 || heap_idx >= MMTK_HEAP_COUNT) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "size pool index out of range");
+        }
+
+        if (hash_or_sym == ID2SYM(rb_intern("slot_size"))) {
+            return SIZET2NUM(heap_sizes[heap_idx]);
+        }
+
+        return Qundef;
+    }
+
     if (RB_TYPE_P(hash_or_sym, T_HASH)) {
         return hash_or_sym;
     }
-    else {
-        return Qundef;
-    }
+
+    return Qundef;
 }
 
 // Miscellaneous
 
-#define RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT 0
+#define RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT 1
 static struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry object_metadata_entries[RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT + 1];
 
 struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *
 rb_gc_impl_object_metadata(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
 {
-    object_metadata_entries[0].name = 0;
-    object_metadata_entries[0].val = 0;
+    static ID ID_object_id;
+
+    if (!ID_object_id) {
+#define I(s) ID_##s = rb_intern(#s);
+        I(object_id);
+#undef I
+    }
+
+    size_t n = 0;
+
+#define SET_ENTRY(na, v) do { \
+    MMTK_ASSERT(n <= RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT); \
+    object_metadata_entries[n].name = ID_##na; \
+    object_metadata_entries[n].val = v; \
+    n++; \
+} while (0)
+
+    if (rb_obj_id_p(obj)) SET_ENTRY(object_id, rb_obj_id(obj));
+
+    object_metadata_entries[n].name = 0;
+    object_metadata_entries[n].val = 0;
 
     return object_metadata_entries;
 }
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/mmtk.h b/gc/mmtk/mmtk.h
index 614b832af5..b11e2873e3 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/mmtk.h
+++ b/gc/mmtk/mmtk.h
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ typedef void *MMTk_ObjectReference;
 typedef void *MMTk_NullableObjectReference;
 typedef uint32_t MMTk_AllocationSemantics;
 
+typedef struct MMTk_BumpPointer {
+    uintptr_t cursor;
+    uintptr_t limit;
+} MMTk_BumpPointer;
+
 
 #define MMTk_OBJREF_OFFSET 8
 
@@ -28,7 +33,6 @@ typedef uint32_t MMTk_AllocationSemantics;
 #define MMTk_GC_THREAD_KIND_WORKER 1
 
 typedef struct MMTk_RubyBindingOptions {
-    bool ractor_check_mode;
     size_t suffix_size;
 } MMTk_RubyBindingOptions;
 
@@ -55,22 +59,26 @@ typedef struct MMTk_RubyUpcalls {
     void (*init_gc_worker_thread)(struct MMTk_GCThreadTLS *gc_worker_tls);
     bool (*is_mutator)(void);
     void (*stop_the_world)(void);
-    void (*resume_mutators)(void);
+    void (*resume_mutators)(bool gc_may_move);
     void (*block_for_gc)(MMTk_VMMutatorThread tls);
+    void (*before_updating_jit_code)(void);
+    void (*after_updating_jit_code)(void);
     size_t (*number_of_mutators)(void);
     void (*get_mutators)(void (*visit_mutator)(MMTk_Mutator*, void*), void *data);
     void (*scan_gc_roots)(void);
     void (*scan_objspace)(void);
-    void (*scan_roots_in_mutator_thread)(MMTk_VMMutatorThread mutator_tls,
-                                         MMTk_VMWorkerThread worker_tls);
-    void (*scan_object_ruby_style)(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
+    void (*move_obj_during_marking)(MMTk_ObjectReference from, MMTk_ObjectReference to);
+    void (*update_object_references)(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
     void (*call_gc_mark_children)(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
+    void (*handle_weak_references)(MMTk_ObjectReference object, bool moving);
     void (*call_obj_free)(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
     size_t (*vm_live_bytes)(void);
-    void (*update_global_tables)(int tbl_idx);
+    void (*update_global_tables)(int tbl_idx, bool moving);
     int (*global_tables_count)(void);
     void (*update_finalizer_table)(void);
-    void (*update_obj_id_tables)(void);
+    bool (*special_const_p)(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
+    void (*mutator_thread_panic_handler)(void);
+    void (*gc_thread_panic_handler)(void);
 } MMTk_RubyUpcalls;
 
 typedef struct MMTk_RawVecOfObjRef {
@@ -86,14 +94,15 @@ bool mmtk_is_reachable(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
 MMTk_Builder *mmtk_builder_default(void);
 
 void mmtk_init_binding(MMTk_Builder *builder,
-                       const struct MMTk_RubyBindingOptions *_binding_options,
-                       const struct MMTk_RubyUpcalls *upcalls,
-                       MMTk_ObjectReference weak_reference_dead_value);
+                       const struct MMTk_RubyBindingOptions *binding_options,
+                       const struct MMTk_RubyUpcalls *upcalls);
 
 void mmtk_initialize_collection(MMTk_VMThread tls);
 
 MMTk_Mutator *mmtk_bind_mutator(MMTk_VMMutatorThread tls);
 
+MMTk_BumpPointer *mmtk_get_bump_pointer_allocator(MMTk_Mutator *m);
+
 void mmtk_destroy_mutator(MMTk_Mutator *mutator);
 
 void mmtk_handle_user_collection_request(MMTk_VMMutatorThread tls, bool force, bool exhaustive);
@@ -113,11 +122,17 @@ void mmtk_post_alloc(MMTk_Mutator *mutator,
                      size_t bytes,
                      MMTk_AllocationSemantics semantics);
 
-void mmtk_add_obj_free_candidate(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
+void mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(const MMTk_ObjectReference *objects,
+                                  size_t count,
+                                  bool can_parallel_free);
+
+void mmtk_declare_weak_references(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
+
+bool mmtk_weak_references_alive_p(MMTk_ObjectReference object);
 
-void mmtk_mark_weak(MMTk_ObjectReference *ptr);
+size_t mmtk_weak_references_count(void);
 
-void mmtk_remove_weak(const MMTk_ObjectReference *ptr);
+void mmtk_register_pinning_obj(MMTk_ObjectReference obj);
 
 void mmtk_object_reference_write_post(MMTk_Mutator *mutator, MMTk_ObjectReference object);
 
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/abi.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/abi.rs
index fc9c899743..30890e0853 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/abi.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/abi.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 use crate::api::RubyMutator;
+use crate::extra_assert;
 use crate::Ruby;
 use libc::c_int;
 use mmtk::scheduler::GCWorker;
-use mmtk::util::{Address, ObjectReference, VMMutatorThread, VMWorkerThread};
+use mmtk::util::Address;
+use mmtk::util::ObjectReference;
+use mmtk::util::VMMutatorThread;
+use mmtk::util::VMWorkerThread;
 
 // For the C binding
 pub const OBJREF_OFFSET: usize = 8;
@@ -10,16 +14,38 @@ pub const MIN_OBJ_ALIGN: usize = 8; // Even on 32-bit machine.  A Ruby object is
 
 pub const GC_THREAD_KIND_WORKER: libc::c_int = 1;
 
-const HAS_MOVED_GIVTBL: usize = 1 << 63;
 const HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK: usize = 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF;
 
-// Should keep in sync with C code.
-const RUBY_FL_EXIVAR: usize = 1 << 10;
-
 // An opaque type for the C counterpart.
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 pub struct st_table;
 
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct HiddenHeader {
+    pub prefix: usize,
+}
+
+impl HiddenHeader {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_sane(&self) -> bool {
+        self.prefix & !HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK == 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn assert_sane(&self) {
+        extra_assert!(
+            self.is_sane(),
+            "Hidden header is corrupted: {:x}",
+            self.prefix
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn payload_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.assert_sane();
+        self.prefix & HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK
+    }
+}
+
 /// Provide convenient methods for accessing Ruby objects.
 /// TODO: Wrap C functions in `RubyUpcalls` as Rust-friendly methods.
 pub struct RubyObjectAccess {
@@ -47,32 +73,17 @@ impl RubyObjectAccess {
         self.suffix_addr() + Self::suffix_size()
     }
 
-    fn hidden_field(&self) -> Address {
-        self.obj_start()
-    }
-
-    fn load_hidden_field(&self) -> usize {
-        unsafe { self.hidden_field().load::<usize>() }
+    fn hidden_header(&self) -> &'static HiddenHeader {
+        unsafe { self.obj_start().as_ref() }
     }
 
-    fn update_hidden_field<F>(&self, f: F)
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(usize) -> usize,
-    {
-        let old_value = self.load_hidden_field();
-        let new_value = f(old_value);
-        unsafe {
-            self.hidden_field().store(new_value);
-        }
+    #[allow(unused)] // Maybe we need to mutate the hidden header in the future.
+    fn hidden_header_mut(&self) -> &'static mut HiddenHeader {
+        unsafe { self.obj_start().as_mut_ref() }
     }
 
     pub fn payload_size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.load_hidden_field() & HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_payload_size(&self, size: usize) {
-        debug_assert!((size & HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK) == size);
-        self.update_hidden_field(|old| old & !HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK | size & HIDDEN_SIZE_MASK);
+        self.hidden_header().payload_size()
     }
 
     fn flags_field(&self) -> Address {
@@ -83,22 +94,6 @@ impl RubyObjectAccess {
         unsafe { self.flags_field().load::<usize>() }
     }
 
-    pub fn has_exivar_flag(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.load_flags() & RUBY_FL_EXIVAR) != 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn has_moved_givtbl(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.load_hidden_field() & HAS_MOVED_GIVTBL) != 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_has_moved_givtbl(&self) {
-        self.update_hidden_field(|old| old | HAS_MOVED_GIVTBL)
-    }
-
-    pub fn clear_has_moved_givtbl(&self) {
-        self.update_hidden_field(|old| old & !HAS_MOVED_GIVTBL)
-    }
-
     pub fn prefix_size() -> usize {
         // Currently, a hidden size field of word size is placed before each object.
         OBJREF_OFFSET
@@ -232,7 +227,7 @@ impl GCThreadTLS {
     /// Has undefined behavior if `ptr` is invalid.
     pub unsafe fn check_cast(ptr: *mut GCThreadTLS) -> &'static mut GCThreadTLS {
         assert!(!ptr.is_null());
-        let result = &mut *ptr;
+        let result = unsafe { &mut *ptr };
         debug_assert!({
             let kind = result.kind;
             kind == GC_THREAD_KIND_WORKER
@@ -247,7 +242,7 @@ impl GCThreadTLS {
     /// Has undefined behavior if `ptr` is invalid.
     pub unsafe fn from_vwt_check(vwt: VMWorkerThread) -> &'static mut GCThreadTLS {
         let ptr = Self::from_vwt(vwt);
-        Self::check_cast(ptr)
+        unsafe { Self::check_cast(ptr) }
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)] // `transmute` does not dereference pointer
@@ -283,7 +278,7 @@ impl RawVecOfObjRef {
     ///
     /// This function turns raw pointer into a Vec without check.
     pub unsafe fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<ObjectReference> {
-        Vec::from_raw_parts(self.ptr, self.len, self.capa)
+        unsafe { Vec::from_raw_parts(self.ptr, self.len, self.capa) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +291,6 @@ impl From<Vec<ObjectReference>> for RawVecOfObjRef {
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RubyBindingOptions {
-    pub ractor_check_mode: bool,
     pub suffix_size: usize,
 }
 
@@ -306,8 +300,10 @@ pub struct RubyUpcalls {
     pub init_gc_worker_thread: extern "C" fn(gc_worker_tls: *mut GCThreadTLS),
     pub is_mutator: extern "C" fn() -> bool,
     pub stop_the_world: extern "C" fn(),
-    pub resume_mutators: extern "C" fn(),
+    pub resume_mutators: extern "C" fn(gc_may_move: bool),
     pub block_for_gc: extern "C" fn(tls: VMMutatorThread),
+    pub before_updating_jit_code: extern "C" fn(),
+    pub after_updating_jit_code: extern "C" fn(),
     pub number_of_mutators: extern "C" fn() -> usize,
     pub get_mutators: extern "C" fn(
         visit_mutator: extern "C" fn(*mut RubyMutator, *mut libc::c_void),
@@ -315,16 +311,18 @@ pub struct RubyUpcalls {
     ),
     pub scan_gc_roots: extern "C" fn(),
     pub scan_objspace: extern "C" fn(),
-    pub scan_roots_in_mutator_thread:
-        extern "C" fn(mutator_tls: VMMutatorThread, worker_tls: VMWorkerThread),
-    pub scan_object_ruby_style: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference),
+    pub move_obj_during_marking: extern "C" fn(from: ObjectReference, to: ObjectReference),
+    pub update_object_references: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference),
     pub call_gc_mark_children: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference),
+    pub handle_weak_references: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference, moving: bool),
     pub call_obj_free: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference),
     pub vm_live_bytes: extern "C" fn() -> usize,
-    pub update_global_tables: extern "C" fn(tbl_idx: c_int),
+    pub update_global_tables: extern "C" fn(tbl_idx: c_int, moving: bool),
     pub global_tables_count: extern "C" fn() -> c_int,
     pub update_finalizer_table: extern "C" fn(),
-    pub update_obj_id_tables: extern "C" fn(),
+    pub special_const_p: extern "C" fn(object: ObjectReference) -> bool,
+    pub mutator_thread_panic_handler: extern "C" fn(),
+    pub gc_thread_panic_handler: extern "C" fn(),
 }
 
 unsafe impl Sync for RubyUpcalls {}
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/api.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/api.rs
index c15996727e..c0540fe0c8 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/api.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/api.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
-use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+// Functions in this module are unsafe for one reason:
+// They are called by C functions and they need to pass raw pointers to Rust.
+#![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+
+use mmtk::util::alloc::BumpPointer;
+use mmtk::util::alloc::ImmixAllocator;
+use mmtk::util::conversions;
 use mmtk::util::options::PlanSelector;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 use crate::abi::RawVecOfObjRef;
 use crate::abi::RubyBindingOptions;
 use crate::abi::RubyUpcalls;
 use crate::binding;
 use crate::binding::RubyBinding;
+use crate::heap::CpuHeapTriggerConfig;
+use crate::heap::RubyHeapTriggerConfig;
+use crate::heap::CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG;
+use crate::heap::RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG;
 use crate::mmtk;
-use crate::Ruby;
-use crate::RubySlot;
 use crate::utils::default_heap_max;
 use crate::utils::parse_capacity;
+use crate::Ruby;
+use crate::RubySlot;
 use mmtk::memory_manager;
 use mmtk::memory_manager::mmtk_init;
 use mmtk::util::constants::MIN_OBJECT_SIZE;
@@ -37,73 +49,139 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_is_reachable(object: ObjectReference) -> bool {
 
 // =============== Bootup ===============
 
-fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_threads() -> usize {
-    let threads_str = std::env::var("MMTK_THREADS")
-        .unwrap_or("0".to_string());
-
-    threads_str
-        .parse::<usize>()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_err| {
-            eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid MMTK_THREADS {}", threads_str);
+fn parse_env_var_with<T, F: FnOnce(&str) -> Option<T>>(key: &str, parse: F) -> Option<T> {
+    let val = match std::env::var(key) {
+        Ok(val) => val,
+        Err(std::env::VarError::NotPresent) => return None,
+        Err(std::env::VarError::NotUnicode(os_string)) => {
+            eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid {key} {os_string:?}");
             std::process::exit(1);
-        })
-}
+        }
+    };
 
-fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_min() -> usize {
-    const DEFAULT_HEAP_MIN: usize = 1 << 20;
+    let parsed = parse(&val).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid {key} {val}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    });
 
-    let heap_min_str = std::env::var("MMTK_HEAP_MIN")
-        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_HEAP_MIN.to_string());
+    Some(parsed)
+}
 
-    let size = parse_capacity(&heap_min_str, 0);
-    if size == 0 {
-        eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid MMTK_HEAP_MIN {}", heap_min_str);
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
+fn parse_env_var<T: FromStr>(key: &str) -> Option<T> {
+    parse_env_var_with(key, |s| s.parse().ok())
+}
 
-    size
+fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_threads() -> Option<usize> {
+    parse_env_var("MMTK_THREADS")
+}
+
+fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_min() -> usize {
+    const DEFAULT_HEAP_MIN: usize = 1 << 20;
+    parse_env_var_with("MMTK_HEAP_MIN", parse_capacity).unwrap_or(DEFAULT_HEAP_MIN)
 }
 
 fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_max() -> usize {
-    let heap_max_str = std::env::var("MMTK_HEAP_MAX")
-        .unwrap_or(default_heap_max().to_string());
+    parse_env_var_with("MMTK_HEAP_MAX", parse_capacity).unwrap_or_else(default_heap_max)
+}
 
-    let size = parse_capacity(&heap_max_str, 0);
-    if size == 0 {
-        eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid MMTK_HEAP_MAX {}", heap_max_str);
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
+fn parse_float_env_var(key: &str, default: f64, min: f64, max: f64) -> f64 {
+    parse_env_var_with(key, |s| {
+        let mut float = f64::from_str(s).unwrap_or(default);
+
+        if float <= min {
+            eprintln!(
+                "{key} has value {float} which must be greater than {min}, using default instead"
+            );
+            float = default;
+        }
 
-    size
+        if float >= max {
+            eprintln!(
+                "{key} has value {float} which must be less than {max}, using default instead"
+            );
+            float = default;
+        }
+
+        Some(float)
+    })
+    .unwrap_or(default)
 }
 
 fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_mode(heap_min: usize, heap_max: usize) -> GCTriggerSelector {
-    let heap_mode_str = std::env::var("MMTK_HEAP_MODE")
-        .unwrap_or("dynamic".to_string());
-
-    match heap_mode_str.as_str() {
-        "fixed" => GCTriggerSelector::FixedHeapSize(heap_max),
-        "dynamic" => GCTriggerSelector::DynamicHeapSize(heap_min, heap_max),
-        _ => {
-            eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid MMTK_HEAP_MODE {}", heap_mode_str);
-            std::process::exit(1);
+    let make_fixed = || GCTriggerSelector::FixedHeapSize(heap_max);
+    let make_dynamic = || GCTriggerSelector::DynamicHeapSize(heap_min, heap_max);
+
+    parse_env_var_with("MMTK_HEAP_MODE", |s| match s {
+        "fixed" => Some(make_fixed()),
+        "dynamic" => Some(make_dynamic()),
+        "ruby" => {
+            let min_ratio = parse_float_env_var("RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO", 0.2, 0.0, 1.0);
+            let goal_ratio =
+                parse_float_env_var("RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_GOAL_RATIO", 0.4, min_ratio, 1.0);
+            let max_ratio =
+                parse_float_env_var("RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO", 0.65, goal_ratio, 1.0);
+
+            crate::heap::RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+                .set(RubyHeapTriggerConfig {
+                    min_heap_pages: conversions::bytes_to_pages_up(heap_min),
+                    max_heap_pages: conversions::bytes_to_pages_up(heap_max),
+                    heap_pages_min_ratio: min_ratio,
+                    heap_pages_goal_ratio: goal_ratio,
+                    heap_pages_max_ratio: max_ratio,
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG is already set"));
+
+            Some(GCTriggerSelector::Delegated)
         }
-    }
+        "cpu" => {
+            // CPU-overhead-driven heap sizing based on Tavakolisomeh et al.,
+            // "Heap Size Adjustment with CPU Control", MPLR '23.
+            //
+            // Target is expressed as a percentage (0, 100) via
+            // `MMTK_GC_CPU_TARGET`. The paper recommends 15 for ZGC (a
+            // concurrent collector); we default to 5 for MMTk-Ruby. With
+            // MMTk's stop-the-world Immix, every percent of GC CPU is also
+            // a percent of wall-clock the mutator is blocked on, so a much
+            // smaller budget is appropriate. An empirical sweep across
+            // ruby-bench (railsbench, lobsters, psych-load, liquid-render,
+            // lee) found target=5 to be Pareto-optimal: ~6% geomean speedup
+            // vs. the `ruby` heap mode with effectively identical geomean
+            // peak RSS.
+            let target_percent = parse_float_env_var("MMTK_GC_CPU_TARGET", 5.0, 0.0, 100.0);
+            let window_size = parse_env_var::<usize>("MMTK_GC_CPU_WINDOW").unwrap_or(3);
+            let window_size = window_size.max(1);
+
+            let min_heap_pages = conversions::bytes_to_pages_up(heap_min);
+            let max_heap_pages = conversions::bytes_to_pages_up(heap_max);
+            // Start at the min heap size, as the other delegated triggers do.
+            // The control loop will adjust from here after the first GC cycle.
+            let initial_heap_pages = min_heap_pages;
+
+            CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+                .set(CpuHeapTriggerConfig {
+                    min_heap_pages,
+                    max_heap_pages,
+                    initial_heap_pages,
+                    target_gc_cpu: target_percent / 100.0,
+                    window_size,
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG is already set"));
+
+            Some(GCTriggerSelector::Delegated)
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    })
+    .unwrap_or_else(make_dynamic)
 }
 
 fn mmtk_builder_default_parse_plan() -> PlanSelector {
-    let plan_str = std::env::var("MMTK_PLAN")
-        .unwrap_or("Immix".to_string());
-
-    match plan_str.as_str() {
-        "NoGC" => PlanSelector::NoGC,
-        "MarkSweep" => PlanSelector::MarkSweep,
-        "Immix" => PlanSelector::Immix,
-        _ => {
-            eprintln!("[FATAL] Invalid MMTK_PLAN {}", plan_str);
-            std::process::exit(1);
-        }
-    }
+    parse_env_var_with("MMTK_PLAN", |s| match s {
+        "NoGC" => Some(PlanSelector::NoGC),
+        "MarkSweep" => Some(PlanSelector::MarkSweep),
+        "Immix" => Some(PlanSelector::Immix),
+        _ => None,
+    })
+    .unwrap_or(PlanSelector::Immix)
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -111,9 +189,12 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_builder_default() -> *mut MMTKBuilder {
     let mut builder = MMTKBuilder::new_no_env_vars();
     builder.options.no_finalizer.set(true);
 
-    let threads = mmtk_builder_default_parse_threads();
-    if threads > 0 {
-        builder.options.threads.set(threads);
+    if let Some(threads) = mmtk_builder_default_parse_threads() {
+        if !builder.options.threads.set(threads) {
+            // MMTk will validate it and reject 0.
+            eprintln!("[FATAL] Failed to set the number of MMTk threads to {threads}");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
     }
 
     let heap_min = mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_min();
@@ -121,11 +202,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_builder_default() -> *mut MMTKBuilder {
     let heap_max = mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_max();
 
     if heap_min >= heap_max {
-        eprintln!("[FATAL] MMTK_HEAP_MIN({}) >= MMTK_HEAP_MAX({})", heap_min, heap_max);
+        eprintln!("[FATAL] MMTK_HEAP_MIN({heap_min}) >= MMTK_HEAP_MAX({heap_max})");
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
 
-    builder.options.gc_trigger.set(mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_mode(heap_min, heap_max));
+    builder
+        .options
+        .gc_trigger
+        .set(mmtk_builder_default_parse_heap_mode(heap_min, heap_max));
 
     builder.options.plan.set(mmtk_builder_default_parse_plan());
 
@@ -133,20 +217,26 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_builder_default() -> *mut MMTKBuilder {
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_init_binding(
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_init_binding(
     builder: *mut MMTKBuilder,
-    _binding_options: *const RubyBindingOptions,
+    binding_options: *const RubyBindingOptions,
     upcalls: *const RubyUpcalls,
-    weak_reference_dead_value: ObjectReference,
 ) {
+    crate::MUTATOR_THREAD_PANIC_HANDLER
+        .set((unsafe { (*upcalls).clone() }).mutator_thread_panic_handler)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("MUTATOR_THREAD_PANIC_HANDLER is already initialized"));
+
     crate::set_panic_hook();
 
-    let builder = unsafe { Box::from_raw(builder) };
-    let binding_options = RubyBindingOptions {ractor_check_mode: false, suffix_size: 0};
+    let builder: Box<MMTKBuilder> = unsafe { Box::from_raw(builder) };
+    let binding_options = unsafe { (*binding_options).clone() };
     let mmtk_boxed = mmtk_init(&builder);
     let mmtk_static = Box::leak(Box::new(mmtk_boxed));
 
-    let binding = RubyBinding::new(mmtk_static, &binding_options, upcalls, weak_reference_dead_value);
+    let mut binding = RubyBinding::new(mmtk_static, &binding_options, upcalls);
+    binding
+        .weak_proc
+        .init_parallel_obj_free_candidates(memory_manager::num_of_workers(binding.mmtk));
 
     crate::BINDING
         .set(binding)
@@ -164,7 +254,25 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_bind_mutator(tls: VMMutatorThread) -> *mut RubyMutator {
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_destroy_mutator(mutator: *mut RubyMutator) {
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_get_bump_pointer_allocator(m: *mut RubyMutator) -> *mut BumpPointer {
+    match *crate::BINDING.get().unwrap().mmtk.get_options().plan {
+        PlanSelector::Immix => {
+            let mutator: &mut Mutator<Ruby> = unsafe { &mut *m };
+            let allocator =
+                unsafe { mutator.allocator_mut(mmtk::util::alloc::AllocatorSelector::Immix(0)) };
+
+            if let Some(immix_allocator) = allocator.downcast_mut::<ImmixAllocator<Ruby>>() {
+                &mut immix_allocator.bump_pointer as *mut BumpPointer
+            } else {
+                panic!("Failed to get bump pointer allocator");
+            }
+        }
+        _ => std::ptr::null_mut(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_destroy_mutator(mutator: *mut RubyMutator) {
     // notify mmtk-core about destroyed mutator
     memory_manager::destroy_mutator(unsafe { &mut *mutator });
     // turn the ptr back to a box, and let Rust properly reclaim it
@@ -184,7 +292,9 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_handle_user_collection_request(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn mmtk_set_gc_enabled(enable: bool) {
-    crate::CONFIGURATION.gc_enabled.store(enable, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    crate::CONFIGURATION
+        .gc_enabled
+        .store(enable, Ordering::Relaxed);
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -195,7 +305,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_gc_enabled_p() -> bool {
 // =============== Object allocation ===============
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_alloc(
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_alloc(
     mutator: *mut RubyMutator,
     size: usize,
     align: usize,
@@ -213,7 +323,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_alloc(
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_post_alloc(
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_post_alloc(
     mutator: *mut RubyMutator,
     refer: ObjectReference,
     bytes: usize,
@@ -222,28 +332,46 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_post_alloc(
     memory_manager::post_alloc::<Ruby>(unsafe { &mut *mutator }, refer, bytes, semantics)
 }
 
-// TODO: Replace with buffered mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_add_obj_free_candidate(object: ObjectReference) {
-    binding().weak_proc.add_obj_free_candidate(object)
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_add_obj_free_candidates(
+    objects: *const ObjectReference,
+    count: usize,
+    can_parallel_free: bool,
+) {
+    let objects = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(objects, count) };
+    binding()
+        .weak_proc
+        .add_obj_free_candidates_batch(objects, can_parallel_free)
+}
+
+// =============== Weak references ===============
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn mmtk_declare_weak_references(object: ObjectReference) {
+    binding().weak_proc.add_weak_reference(object);
 }
 
-// =============== Marking ===============
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn mmtk_weak_references_alive_p(object: ObjectReference) -> bool {
+    object.is_reachable()
+}
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_mark_weak(ptr: &'static mut ObjectReference) {
-    binding().weak_proc.add_weak_reference(ptr);
+pub extern "C" fn mmtk_weak_references_count() -> usize {
+    binding().weak_proc.weak_references_count()
 }
 
+// =============== Compaction ===============
+
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_remove_weak(ptr: &ObjectReference) {
-    binding().weak_proc.remove_weak_reference(ptr);
+pub extern "C" fn mmtk_register_pinning_obj(obj: ObjectReference) {
+    crate::binding().pinning_registry.register(obj);
 }
 
 // =============== Write barriers ===============
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn mmtk_object_reference_write_post(
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn mmtk_object_reference_write_post(
     mutator: *mut RubyMutator,
     object: ObjectReference,
 ) {
@@ -347,7 +475,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_plan() -> *const u8 {
         PlanSelector::NoGC => NO_GC.as_ptr(),
         PlanSelector::MarkSweep => MARK_SWEEP.as_ptr(),
         PlanSelector::Immix => IMMIX.as_ptr(),
-        _ => panic!("Unknown plan")
+        _ => panic!("Unknown plan"),
     }
 }
 
@@ -355,11 +483,21 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_plan() -> *const u8 {
 pub extern "C" fn mmtk_heap_mode() -> *const u8 {
     static FIXED_HEAP: &[u8] = b"fixed\0";
     static DYNAMIC_HEAP: &[u8] = b"dynamic\0";
+    static RUBY_HEAP: &[u8] = b"ruby\0";
+    static CPU_HEAP: &[u8] = b"cpu\0";
 
     match *crate::BINDING.get().unwrap().mmtk.get_options().gc_trigger {
         GCTriggerSelector::FixedHeapSize(_) => FIXED_HEAP.as_ptr(),
         GCTriggerSelector::DynamicHeapSize(_, _) => DYNAMIC_HEAP.as_ptr(),
-        _ => panic!("Unknown heap mode")
+        GCTriggerSelector::Delegated => {
+            // Two delegated triggers exist; disambiguate via the populated
+            // config singleton.
+            if CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG.get().is_some() {
+                CPU_HEAP.as_ptr()
+            } else {
+                RUBY_HEAP.as_ptr()
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +506,18 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_heap_min() -> usize {
     match *crate::BINDING.get().unwrap().mmtk.get_options().gc_trigger {
         GCTriggerSelector::FixedHeapSize(_) => 0,
         GCTriggerSelector::DynamicHeapSize(min_size, _) => min_size,
-        _ => panic!("Unknown heap mode")
+        GCTriggerSelector::Delegated => {
+            if let Some(cfg) = CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG.get() {
+                conversions::pages_to_bytes(cfg.min_heap_pages)
+            } else {
+                conversions::pages_to_bytes(
+                    RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+                        .get()
+                        .expect("RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG not set")
+                        .min_heap_pages,
+                )
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -377,7 +526,18 @@ pub extern "C" fn mmtk_heap_max() -> usize {
     match *crate::BINDING.get().unwrap().mmtk.get_options().gc_trigger {
         GCTriggerSelector::FixedHeapSize(max_size) => max_size,
         GCTriggerSelector::DynamicHeapSize(_, max_size) => max_size,
-        _ => panic!("Unknown heap mode")
+        GCTriggerSelector::Delegated => {
+            if let Some(cfg) = CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG.get() {
+                conversions::pages_to_bytes(cfg.max_heap_pages)
+            } else {
+                conversions::pages_to_bytes(
+                    RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+                        .get()
+                        .expect("RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG not set")
+                        .max_heap_pages,
+                )
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/binding.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/binding.rs
index e0f8640e1c..36d4a992fd 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/binding.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/binding.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use mmtk::MMTK;
 
 use crate::abi;
 use crate::abi::RubyBindingOptions;
+use crate::pinning_registry::PinningRegistry;
 use crate::weak_proc::WeakProcessor;
 use crate::Ruby;
 
@@ -54,10 +55,9 @@ pub struct RubyBinding {
     pub upcalls: *const abi::RubyUpcalls,
     pub plan_name: Mutex<Option<CString>>,
     pub weak_proc: WeakProcessor,
+    pub pinning_registry: PinningRegistry,
     pub gc_thread_join_handles: Mutex<Vec<JoinHandle<()>>>,
     pub wb_unprotected_objects: Mutex<HashSet<ObjectReference>>,
-
-    pub weak_reference_dead_value: ObjectReference,
 }
 
 unsafe impl Sync for RubyBinding {}
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ impl RubyBinding {
         mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>,
         binding_options: &RubyBindingOptions,
         upcalls: *const abi::RubyUpcalls,
-        weak_reference_dead_value: ObjectReference,
     ) -> Self {
         unsafe {
             crate::BINDING_FAST.suffix_size = binding_options.suffix_size;
@@ -80,10 +79,9 @@ impl RubyBinding {
             upcalls,
             plan_name: Mutex::new(None),
             weak_proc: WeakProcessor::new(),
+            pinning_registry: PinningRegistry::new(),
             gc_thread_join_handles: Default::default(),
             wb_unprotected_objects: Default::default(),
-
-            weak_reference_dead_value
         }
     }
 
@@ -119,7 +117,7 @@ impl RubyBinding {
     }
 
     pub fn register_wb_unprotected_object(&self, object: ObjectReference) {
-        debug!("Registering WB-unprotected object: {}", object);
+        debug!("Registering WB-unprotected object: {object}");
         let mut objects = self.wb_unprotected_objects.lock().unwrap();
         objects.insert(object);
     }
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/collection.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/collection.rs
index 0570b64e3a..648efa4e27 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/collection.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/collection.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 use crate::abi::GCThreadTLS;
 
 use crate::api::RubyMutator;
-use crate::{mmtk, upcalls, Ruby};
+use crate::heap::CpuHeapTrigger;
+use crate::heap::RubyHeapTrigger;
+use crate::heap::CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG;
+use crate::mmtk;
+use crate::upcalls;
+use crate::Ruby;
 use mmtk::memory_manager;
 use mmtk::scheduler::*;
-use mmtk::util::{VMMutatorThread, VMThread, VMWorkerThread};
-use mmtk::vm::{Collection, GCThreadContext};
+use mmtk::util::heap::GCTriggerPolicy;
+use mmtk::util::VMMutatorThread;
+use mmtk::util::VMThread;
+use mmtk::util::VMWorkerThread;
+use mmtk::vm::Collection;
+use mmtk::vm::GCThreadContext;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::thread;
 
+static CURRENT_GC_MAY_MOVE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
 pub struct VMCollection {}
 
 impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
@@ -16,11 +28,21 @@ impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
         crate::CONFIGURATION.gc_enabled.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
-    fn stop_all_mutators<F>(_tls: VMWorkerThread, mut mutator_visitor: F)
+    fn stop_all_mutators<F>(tls: VMWorkerThread, mut mutator_visitor: F)
     where
         F: FnMut(&'static mut mmtk::Mutator<Ruby>),
     {
         (upcalls().stop_the_world)();
+
+        if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+            CURRENT_GC_MAY_MOVE.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            (upcalls().before_updating_jit_code)();
+        } else {
+            CURRENT_GC_MAY_MOVE.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+
+        crate::binding().pinning_registry.pin_children(tls);
+
         (upcalls().get_mutators)(
             Self::notify_mutator_ready::<F>,
             &mut mutator_visitor as *mut F as *mut _,
@@ -28,7 +50,13 @@ impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
     }
 
     fn resume_mutators(_tls: VMWorkerThread) {
-        (upcalls().resume_mutators)();
+        let current_gc_may_move = CURRENT_GC_MAY_MOVE.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        if current_gc_may_move {
+            (upcalls().after_updating_jit_code)();
+        }
+
+        (upcalls().resume_mutators)(current_gc_may_move);
     }
 
     fn block_for_gc(tls: VMMutatorThread) {
@@ -41,10 +69,7 @@ impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
                 .name("MMTk Worker Thread".to_string())
                 .spawn(move || {
                     let ordinal = worker.ordinal;
-                    debug!(
-                        "Hello! This is MMTk Worker Thread running! ordinal: {}",
-                        ordinal
-                    );
+                    debug!("Hello! This is MMTk Worker Thread running! ordinal: {ordinal}");
                     crate::register_gc_thread(thread::current().id());
                     let ptr_worker = &mut *worker as *mut GCWorker<Ruby>;
                     let gc_thread_tls =
@@ -55,10 +80,7 @@ impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
                         GCThreadTLS::to_vwt(gc_thread_tls),
                         worker,
                     );
-                    debug!(
-                        "An MMTk Worker Thread is quitting. Good bye! ordinal: {}",
-                        ordinal
-                    );
+                    debug!("An MMTk Worker Thread is quitting. Good bye! ordinal: {ordinal}");
                     crate::unregister_gc_thread(thread::current().id());
                 })
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -73,6 +95,19 @@ impl Collection<Ruby> for VMCollection {
     fn vm_live_bytes() -> usize {
         (upcalls().vm_live_bytes)()
     }
+
+    fn create_gc_trigger() -> Box<dyn GCTriggerPolicy<Ruby>> {
+        // `GCTriggerSelector::Delegated` is currently used by two different
+        // heap modes: `ruby` (the Ruby-like free-slot ratio trigger) and `cpu`
+        // (the CPU-overhead trigger from Tavakolisomeh et al., MPLR '23).
+        // Which one is active is determined by which `OnceCell` config the
+        // `MMTK_HEAP_MODE` parser populated.
+        if CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG.get().is_some() {
+            Box::new(CpuHeapTrigger::default())
+        } else {
+            Box::new(RubyHeapTrigger::default())
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl VMCollection {
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/heap/cpu_heap_trigger.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/cpu_heap_trigger.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef5a79fe9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/cpu_heap_trigger.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+//! A GC trigger that adjusts the heap size based on the CPU overhead of GC.
+//!
+//! This is an implementation of the heap sizing policy described in
+//! Tavakolisomeh, Shimchenko, Österlund, Bruno, Ferreira, Wrigstad,
+//! "Heap Size Adjustment with CPU Control", MPLR '23.
+//! <https://doi.org/10.1145/3617651.3622988>
+//!
+//! The idea: rather than letting heap size control GC frequency, let a
+//! user-supplied *target GC CPU overhead* control the heap size. After each GC
+//! cycle, we measure the GC CPU overhead (fraction of process CPU time spent
+//! in GC) and compare it to the target. If GC is over budget we grow the heap
+//! (reducing GC frequency); if it is under budget we shrink the heap (trading
+//! memory for more frequent collections).
+//!
+//! ## Algorithm
+//!
+//! After each GC cycle we compute, using an average of the last `n` cycles:
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! GC_CPU             = T_GC / T_APP                                  (Eq. 1)
+//! overhead_error     = GC_CPU - target                                (Eq. 2)
+//! sigmoid_error      = 1 / (1 + e^(-overhead_error))                  (Eq. 3)
+//! adjustment_factor  = sigmoid_error + 0.5   (in (0.5, 1.5))          (Eq. 4)
+//! new_size           = current_size * adjustment_factor               (Eq. 5)
+//! ```
+//!
+//! where:
+//! - `T_GC` is the wall-clock duration of each GC cycle.
+//! - `T_APP` is process CPU time elapsed between consecutive GC cycles (sum of
+//!   CPU time over all threads — mutators, GC workers, compilers, etc.), read
+//!   via `clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID)`.
+//!
+//! The final heap size is then clamped to the range
+//! `[max(1.1 * used, min_heap_pages), max_heap_pages]`, providing 10% headroom
+//! above current live memory to avoid triggering GC on an effectively-empty
+//! heap.
+//!
+//! ## Differences from the paper
+//!
+//! The paper targets ZGC, a concurrent generational collector. MMTk's Ruby
+//! binding currently ships stop-the-world collectors (Immix, MarkSweep). The
+//! paper's formula still applies: with a STW collector the process CPU time
+//! during GC closely tracks the wall-clock GC time, and mutator CPU time
+//! during the mutator phase is correctly attributed. For generational plans
+//! we skip nursery-only GCs, consistent with MemBalancer.
+
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use mmtk::util::heap::GCTriggerPolicy;
+use mmtk::util::heap::SpaceStats;
+use mmtk::Plan;
+use mmtk::MMTK;
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
+
+use crate::Ruby;
+
+pub static CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG: OnceCell<CpuHeapTriggerConfig> = OnceCell::new();
+
+/// Configuration for the [`CpuHeapTrigger`].
+pub struct CpuHeapTriggerConfig {
+    /// Lower bound on heap size (in pages). The trigger will never shrink below
+    /// this value.
+    pub min_heap_pages: usize,
+    /// Upper bound on heap size (in pages). The trigger will never grow above
+    /// this value.
+    pub max_heap_pages: usize,
+    /// Initial heap size (in pages).
+    pub initial_heap_pages: usize,
+    /// Target GC CPU overhead as a fraction of total process CPU time. For
+    /// example, `0.15` means the policy will try to keep GC CPU usage near 15%.
+    /// Valid range: `(0.0, 1.0)`.
+    pub target_gc_cpu: f64,
+    /// Number of recent GC cycles averaged together when computing the CPU
+    /// overhead signal. Smoothes out short-term fluctuations. The paper uses 3.
+    pub window_size: usize,
+}
+
+/// A single GC cycle's timing measurements.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+struct GcSample {
+    /// Wall-clock seconds spent inside this GC cycle.
+    gc_seconds: f64,
+    /// Seconds of process CPU time elapsed since the previous GC cycle ended.
+    /// This covers both mutator time and (on multi-threaded mutators) any
+    /// mutator CPU time consumed in parallel with the previous GC.
+    app_cpu_seconds: f64,
+}
+
+struct CpuHeapTriggerState {
+    /// Ring buffer of the last `window_size` samples. Oldest-first.
+    samples: Vec<GcSample>,
+    /// Wall-clock time when the current GC cycle started. `None` when no GC is
+    /// in progress.
+    gc_start_wall: Option<std::time::Instant>,
+    /// Process CPU time (seconds) recorded at the end of the previous GC
+    /// cycle. `None` until the first cycle completes.
+    last_gc_end_cpu: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+impl CpuHeapTriggerState {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            samples: Vec::new(),
+            gc_start_wall: None,
+            last_gc_end_cpu: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Pushes a new sample, dropping the oldest when the window is full.
+    fn push_sample(&mut self, sample: GcSample, window_size: usize) {
+        if self.samples.len() >= window_size {
+            self.samples.remove(0);
+        }
+        self.samples.push(sample);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the arithmetic mean GC CPU overhead across the window, or
+    /// `None` if we don't yet have a full sample (which happens on the first
+    /// GC cycle — we have no baseline for `app_cpu_seconds`).
+    fn mean_gc_cpu(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        if self.samples.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let total_gc: f64 = self.samples.iter().map(|s| s.gc_seconds).sum();
+        let total_app: f64 = self.samples.iter().map(|s| s.app_cpu_seconds).sum();
+        if total_app <= 0.0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some(total_gc / total_app)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CpuHeapTrigger {
+    /// Target heap size in pages. Updated at the end of each GC cycle.
+    target_heap_pages: AtomicUsize,
+    /// Mutable timing state. Wrapped in a `Mutex` because `on_gc_start` and
+    /// `on_gc_end` are the only mutation sites and they are not on an
+    /// allocation hot path; avoiding the complexity of lock-free state is
+    /// worth the trivial contention.
+    state: Mutex<CpuHeapTriggerState>,
+}
+
+impl Default for CpuHeapTrigger {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let cfg = Self::get_config();
+        Self {
+            target_heap_pages: AtomicUsize::new(cfg.initial_heap_pages),
+            state: Mutex::new(CpuHeapTriggerState::new()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GCTriggerPolicy<Ruby> for CpuHeapTrigger {
+    fn is_gc_required(
+        &self,
+        space_full: bool,
+        space: Option<SpaceStats<Ruby>>,
+        plan: &dyn Plan<VM = Ruby>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        // Let the plan decide, matching the other triggers.
+        plan.collection_required(space_full, space)
+    }
+
+    fn on_gc_start(&self, _mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
+        state.gc_start_wall = Some(std::time::Instant::now());
+    }
+
+    fn on_gc_end(&self, mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        // Skip nursery-only GCs for generational plans. The heap resizing
+        // decision is driven by the (much more expensive) full collections
+        // where the signal-to-noise ratio is high enough to be useful.
+        if let Some(gen_plan) = mmtk.get_plan().generational() {
+            if gen_plan.is_current_gc_nursery() {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let cfg = Self::get_config();
+        let gc_end_cpu = process_cpu_time_seconds();
+
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
+
+        // Duration of this GC cycle (wall clock).
+        let gc_seconds = state
+            .gc_start_wall
+            .take()
+            .map(|start| start.elapsed().as_secs_f64())
+            .unwrap_or(0.0);
+
+        // Process CPU time elapsed since the previous GC cycle ended. We
+        // require at least one previous end timestamp to produce a valid
+        // sample — without it we cannot compute `T_APP`.
+        if let (Some(last_end), Some(now)) = (state.last_gc_end_cpu, gc_end_cpu) {
+            let app_cpu_seconds = (now - last_end).max(0.0);
+            // Only record non-degenerate samples to avoid poisoning the window
+            // with zero-time entries from back-to-back GCs.
+            if app_cpu_seconds > 0.0 {
+                state.push_sample(
+                    GcSample {
+                        gc_seconds,
+                        app_cpu_seconds,
+                    },
+                    cfg.window_size,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        state.last_gc_end_cpu = gc_end_cpu;
+
+        // Compute the new heap size only when we have samples to average over.
+        if let Some(gc_cpu) = state.mean_gc_cpu() {
+            // Drop the lock before doing the (relatively cheap) math and
+            // atomic update; nothing below needs the state.
+            drop(state);
+
+            let overhead_error = gc_cpu - cfg.target_gc_cpu; // Eq. (2)
+            let sigmoid_error = sigmoid(overhead_error); // Eq. (3)
+            let adjustment_factor = sigmoid_error + 0.5; // Eq. (4), range (0.5, 1.5)
+
+            let current = self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+            let suggested = ((current as f64) * adjustment_factor) as usize; // Eq. (5)
+
+            // Clamp:
+            // - upper bound: configured max
+            // - lower bound: max(1.1 * used, min) — 10% headroom above current
+            //   live memory, so we never request a heap so small that GC is
+            //   triggered immediately on return from this one.
+            let used = mmtk.get_plan().get_used_pages();
+            let floor = ((used as f64) * 1.1).ceil() as usize;
+            let lower = floor.max(cfg.min_heap_pages).min(cfg.max_heap_pages);
+            let upper = cfg.max_heap_pages;
+            let new_target = suggested.clamp(lower, upper);
+
+            self.target_heap_pages.store(new_target, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+            info!(
+                "CpuHeapTrigger: gc_cpu={:.4} target={:.4} factor={:.4} \
+                 pages {} -> {} (used={}, clamp=[{}, {}])",
+                gc_cpu,
+                cfg.target_gc_cpu,
+                adjustment_factor,
+                current,
+                new_target,
+                used,
+                lower,
+                upper
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_heap_full(&self, plan: &dyn Plan<VM = Ruby>) -> bool {
+        plan.get_reserved_pages() > self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn get_current_heap_size_in_pages(&self) -> usize {
+        self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn get_max_heap_size_in_pages(&self) -> usize {
+        Self::get_config().max_heap_pages
+    }
+
+    fn can_heap_size_grow(&self) -> bool {
+        self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed) < Self::get_config().max_heap_pages
+    }
+}
+
+impl CpuHeapTrigger {
+    fn get_config<'b>() -> &'b CpuHeapTriggerConfig {
+        CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+            .get()
+            .expect("Attempt to use CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG before it is initialized")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Standard logistic sigmoid. Returns 0.5 when x == 0, asymptotes to 0 and 1.
+fn sigmoid(x: f64) -> f64 {
+    1.0 / (1.0 + (-x).exp())
+}
+
+/// Reads the process-wide CPU time as a floating-point number of seconds,
+/// summed across all threads of this process. Returns `None` if the clock
+/// query fails (which should be essentially impossible on supported
+/// platforms).
+fn process_cpu_time_seconds() -> Option<f64> {
+    let mut ts = libc::timespec {
+        tv_sec: 0,
+        tv_nsec: 0,
+    };
+    // SAFETY: `clock_gettime` writes exactly `sizeof(timespec)` bytes to the
+    // pointer we pass, which is a valid local stack allocation.
+    let rc = unsafe { libc::clock_gettime(libc::CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &mut ts) };
+    if rc != 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some((ts.tv_sec as f64) + (ts.tv_nsec as f64) / 1_000_000_000.0)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sigmoid_is_well_behaved() {
+        assert!((sigmoid(0.0) - 0.5).abs() < 1e-12);
+        assert!(sigmoid(-100.0) < 1e-9);
+        assert!(sigmoid(100.0) > 1.0 - 1e-9);
+        // Monotonic.
+        assert!(sigmoid(-1.0) < sigmoid(0.0));
+        assert!(sigmoid(0.0) < sigmoid(1.0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn adjustment_factor_is_within_paper_bounds() {
+        // Eq. (4): adjustment_factor = sigmoid(e) + 0.5 must lie in (0.5, 1.5).
+        for e in [-10.0_f64, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 10.0] {
+            let f = sigmoid(e) + 0.5;
+            assert!(f > 0.5 && f < 1.5, "factor {f} out of range for e={e}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_gc_cpu_is_total_weighted() {
+        let mut state = CpuHeapTriggerState::new();
+        state.push_sample(
+            GcSample {
+                gc_seconds: 1.0,
+                app_cpu_seconds: 10.0,
+            },
+            3,
+        );
+        state.push_sample(
+            GcSample {
+                gc_seconds: 3.0,
+                app_cpu_seconds: 10.0,
+            },
+            3,
+        );
+        // (1 + 3) / (10 + 10) = 0.2
+        assert!((state.mean_gc_cpu().unwrap() - 0.2).abs() < 1e-12);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn window_drops_oldest() {
+        let mut state = CpuHeapTriggerState::new();
+        for i in 0..5 {
+            state.push_sample(
+                GcSample {
+                    gc_seconds: i as f64,
+                    app_cpu_seconds: 1.0,
+                },
+                3,
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(state.samples.len(), 3);
+        // After pushing 0,1,2,3,4 with window 3, we should have [2,3,4].
+        assert_eq!(state.samples[0].gc_seconds, 2.0);
+        assert_eq!(state.samples[2].gc_seconds, 4.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn no_sample_without_prior_gc() {
+        // First GC cycle cannot produce a sample (no previous end time). The
+        // push happens only when last_gc_end_cpu is Some.
+        let state = CpuHeapTriggerState::new();
+        assert!(state.mean_gc_cpu().is_none());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/heap/mod.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05a35efb23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+mod cpu_heap_trigger;
+mod ruby_heap_trigger;
+
+pub use cpu_heap_trigger::CpuHeapTrigger;
+pub use cpu_heap_trigger::CpuHeapTriggerConfig;
+pub use cpu_heap_trigger::CPU_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG;
+pub use ruby_heap_trigger::RubyHeapTrigger;
+pub use ruby_heap_trigger::RubyHeapTriggerConfig;
+pub use ruby_heap_trigger::RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG;
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/heap/ruby_heap_trigger.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/ruby_heap_trigger.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe1130043d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/heap/ruby_heap_trigger.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+
+use mmtk::util::heap::GCTriggerPolicy;
+use mmtk::util::heap::SpaceStats;
+use mmtk::Plan;
+use mmtk::MMTK;
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
+
+use crate::Ruby;
+
+pub static RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG: OnceCell<RubyHeapTriggerConfig> = OnceCell::new();
+
+pub struct RubyHeapTriggerConfig {
+    /// Min heap size
+    pub min_heap_pages: usize,
+    /// Max heap size
+    pub max_heap_pages: usize,
+    /// Minimum ratio of empty space after a GC before the heap will grow
+    pub heap_pages_min_ratio: f64,
+    /// Ratio the heap will grow by
+    pub heap_pages_goal_ratio: f64,
+    /// Maximum ratio of empty space after a GC before the heap will shrink
+    pub heap_pages_max_ratio: f64,
+}
+
+pub struct RubyHeapTrigger {
+    /// Target number of heap pages
+    target_heap_pages: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+impl GCTriggerPolicy<Ruby> for RubyHeapTrigger {
+    fn is_gc_required(
+        &self,
+        space_full: bool,
+        space: Option<SpaceStats<Ruby>>,
+        plan: &dyn Plan<VM = Ruby>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        // Let the plan decide
+        plan.collection_required(space_full, space)
+    }
+
+    fn on_gc_end(&self, mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        if let Some(plan) = mmtk.get_plan().generational() {
+            if plan.is_current_gc_nursery() {
+                // Nursery GC
+            } else {
+                // Full GC
+            }
+
+            panic!("TODO: support for generational GC not implemented")
+        } else {
+            let used_pages = mmtk.get_plan().get_used_pages();
+
+            let target_min =
+                (used_pages as f64 * (1.0 + Self::get_config().heap_pages_min_ratio)) as usize;
+            let target_max =
+                (used_pages as f64 * (1.0 + Self::get_config().heap_pages_max_ratio)) as usize;
+            let new_target =
+                (((used_pages as f64) * (1.0 + Self::get_config().heap_pages_goal_ratio)) as usize)
+                    .clamp(
+                        Self::get_config().min_heap_pages,
+                        Self::get_config().max_heap_pages,
+                    );
+
+            if used_pages < target_min || used_pages > target_max {
+                self.target_heap_pages.store(new_target, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_heap_full(&self, plan: &dyn Plan<VM = Ruby>) -> bool {
+        plan.get_reserved_pages() > self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn get_current_heap_size_in_pages(&self) -> usize {
+        self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn get_max_heap_size_in_pages(&self) -> usize {
+        Self::get_config().max_heap_pages
+    }
+
+    fn can_heap_size_grow(&self) -> bool {
+        self.target_heap_pages.load(Ordering::Relaxed) < Self::get_config().max_heap_pages
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for RubyHeapTrigger {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let min_heap_pages = Self::get_config().min_heap_pages;
+
+        Self {
+            target_heap_pages: AtomicUsize::new(min_heap_pages),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RubyHeapTrigger {
+    fn get_config<'b>() -> &'b RubyHeapTriggerConfig {
+        RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG
+            .get()
+            .expect("Attempt to use RUBY_HEAP_TRIGGER_CONFIG before it is initialized")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/lib.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/lib.rs
index 01497e9c42..52dc782051 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/lib.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+// Warn about unsafe operations in functions that are already marked as unsafe.
+// This will become default in Rust 2024 edition.
+#![warn(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
+
 extern crate libc;
 extern crate mmtk;
 #[macro_use]
@@ -10,8 +14,11 @@ use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::thread::ThreadId;
 
 use abi::RubyUpcalls;
-use binding::{RubyBinding, RubyBindingFast, RubyConfiguration};
-use mmtk::vm::slot::{SimpleSlot, UnimplementedMemorySlice};
+use binding::RubyBinding;
+use binding::RubyBindingFast;
+use binding::RubyConfiguration;
+use mmtk::vm::slot::SimpleSlot;
+use mmtk::vm::slot::UnimplementedMemorySlice;
 use mmtk::vm::VMBinding;
 use mmtk::MMTK;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
@@ -21,7 +28,9 @@ pub mod active_plan;
 pub mod api;
 pub mod binding;
 pub mod collection;
+pub mod heap;
 pub mod object_model;
+pub mod pinning_registry;
 pub mod reference_glue;
 pub mod scanning;
 pub mod utils;
@@ -51,6 +60,11 @@ impl VMBinding for Ruby {
     type VMMemorySlice = RubyMemorySlice;
 }
 
+/// The callback for mutator thread panic handler (which calls rb_bug to output
+/// debugging information such as the Ruby backtrace and memory maps).
+/// This is set before BINDING is set because mmtk_init could panic.
+pub static MUTATOR_THREAD_PANIC_HANDLER: OnceCell<extern "C" fn()> = OnceCell::new();
+
 /// The singleton object for the Ruby binding itself.
 pub static BINDING: OnceCell<RubyBinding> = OnceCell::new();
 
@@ -112,8 +126,6 @@ fn handle_gc_thread_panic(panic_info: &PanicHookInfo) {
             eprintln!("Unknown backtrace status: {s:?}");
         }
     }
-
-    std::process::abort();
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn set_panic_hook() {
@@ -126,8 +138,24 @@ pub(crate) fn set_panic_hook() {
     std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
         if is_gc_thread(std::thread::current().id()) {
             handle_gc_thread_panic(panic_info);
+
+            (crate::binding().upcalls().gc_thread_panic_handler)();
         } else {
             old_hook(panic_info);
+            (crate::MUTATOR_THREAD_PANIC_HANDLER
+                .get()
+                .expect("MUTATOR_THREAD_PANIC_HANDLER is not set"))();
         }
     }));
 }
+
+/// This kind of assertion is enabled if either building in debug mode or the
+/// "extra_assert" feature is enabled.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! extra_assert {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
+        if std::cfg!(any(debug_assertions, feature = "extra_assert")) {
+            std::assert!($($arg)*);
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/object_model.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/object_model.rs
index abeef1f2b9..d673ca11a0 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/object_model.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/object_model.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
-use crate::abi::{RubyObjectAccess, OBJREF_OFFSET};
-use crate::{abi, Ruby};
+use std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping;
+
+use crate::abi;
+use crate::abi::RubyObjectAccess;
+use crate::abi::MIN_OBJ_ALIGN;
+use crate::abi::OBJREF_OFFSET;
+use crate::Ruby;
 use mmtk::util::constants::BITS_IN_BYTE;
-use mmtk::util::copy::{CopySemantics, GCWorkerCopyContext};
-use mmtk::util::{Address, ObjectReference};
+use mmtk::util::copy::CopySemantics;
+use mmtk::util::copy::GCWorkerCopyContext;
+use mmtk::util::Address;
+use mmtk::util::ObjectReference;
 use mmtk::vm::*;
 
 pub struct VMObjectModel {}
@@ -36,13 +43,39 @@ impl ObjectModel<Ruby> for VMObjectModel {
     const NEED_VO_BITS_DURING_TRACING: bool = true;
 
     fn copy(
-        _from: ObjectReference,
-        _semantics: CopySemantics,
-        _copy_context: &mut GCWorkerCopyContext<Ruby>,
+        from: ObjectReference,
+        semantics: CopySemantics,
+        copy_context: &mut GCWorkerCopyContext<Ruby>,
     ) -> ObjectReference {
-        unimplemented!(
-            "Copying GC not currently supported"
-        )
+        let from_acc = RubyObjectAccess::from_objref(from);
+        let from_start = from_acc.obj_start();
+        let object_size = from_acc.object_size();
+        let to_start = copy_context.alloc_copy(from, object_size, MIN_OBJ_ALIGN, 0, semantics);
+        debug_assert!(!to_start.is_zero());
+        let to_payload = to_start.add(OBJREF_OFFSET);
+        unsafe {
+            copy_nonoverlapping::<u8>(from_start.to_ptr(), to_start.to_mut_ptr(), object_size);
+        }
+        let to_obj = unsafe { ObjectReference::from_raw_address_unchecked(to_payload) };
+        copy_context.post_copy(to_obj, object_size, semantics);
+        trace!("Copied object from {} to {}", from, to_obj);
+
+        (crate::binding().upcalls().move_obj_during_marking)(from, to_obj);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "clear_old_copy")]
+        {
+            trace!(
+                "Clearing old copy {} ({}-{})",
+                from,
+                from_start,
+                from_start + object_size
+            );
+            // For debug purpose, we clear the old copy so that if the Ruby VM reads from the old
+            // copy again, it will likely result in an error.
+            unsafe { std::ptr::write_bytes::<u8>(from_start.to_mut_ptr(), 0, object_size) }
+        }
+
+        to_obj
     }
 
     fn copy_to(_from: ObjectReference, _to: ObjectReference, _region: Address) -> Address {
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/pinning_registry.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/pinning_registry.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b498b508f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/pinning_registry.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use mmtk::memory_manager;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWork;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWorker;
+use mmtk::scheduler::WorkBucketStage;
+use mmtk::util::ObjectReference;
+use mmtk::util::VMWorkerThread;
+use mmtk::MMTK;
+
+use crate::abi::GCThreadTLS;
+use crate::upcalls;
+use crate::Ruby;
+
+pub struct PinningRegistry {
+    pinning_objs: Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>,
+    pinned_objs: Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>,
+}
+
+impl PinningRegistry {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pinning_objs: Default::default(),
+            pinned_objs: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn register(&self, object: ObjectReference) {
+        let mut pinning_objs = self.pinning_objs.lock().unwrap();
+        pinning_objs.push(object);
+    }
+
+    pub fn pin_children(&self, tls: VMWorkerThread) {
+        if !crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+            log::debug!("The current GC is non-moving, skipping pinning children.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let gc_tls = unsafe { GCThreadTLS::from_vwt_check(tls) };
+        let worker = gc_tls.worker();
+
+        let pinning_objs = self
+            .pinning_objs
+            .try_lock()
+            .expect("PinningRegistry should not have races during GC.");
+
+        let packet_size = 512;
+        let work_packets = pinning_objs
+            .chunks(packet_size)
+            .map(|chunk| {
+                Box::new(PinPinningChildren {
+                    pinning_objs: chunk.to_vec(),
+                }) as _
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::Prepare].bulk_add(work_packets);
+    }
+
+    pub fn cleanup(&self, worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>) {
+        worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure].add(RemoveDeadPinnings);
+        if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+            let packet = {
+                let mut pinned_objs = self
+                    .pinned_objs
+                    .try_lock()
+                    .expect("Unexpected contention on pinned_objs");
+                UnpinPinnedObjects {
+                    objs: std::mem::take(&mut pinned_objs),
+                }
+            };
+
+            worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure].add(packet);
+        } else {
+            debug!("The current GC is non-moving, skipping unpinning objects.");
+            debug_assert_eq!(
+                {
+                    let pinned_objs = self
+                        .pinned_objs
+                        .try_lock()
+                        .expect("Unexpected contention on pinned_objs");
+                    pinned_objs.len()
+                },
+                0
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for PinningRegistry {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+struct PinPinningChildren {
+    pinning_objs: Vec<ObjectReference>,
+}
+
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for PinPinningChildren {
+    fn do_work(&mut self, worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        let gc_tls = unsafe { GCThreadTLS::from_vwt_check(worker.tls) };
+        let mut pinned_objs = vec![];
+        let mut newly_pinned_objs = vec![];
+
+        let visit_object = |_worker, target_object: ObjectReference, pin| {
+            log::trace!(
+                "    -> {} {}",
+                if pin { "(pin)" } else { "     " },
+                target_object
+            );
+            if pin {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    target_object.get_forwarded_object().is_none(),
+                    "Trying to pin {target_object} but has been moved"
+                );
+
+                pinned_objs.push(target_object);
+            }
+            target_object
+        };
+
+        gc_tls
+            .object_closure
+            .set_temporarily_and_run_code(visit_object, || {
+                for obj in self.pinning_objs.iter().cloned() {
+                    log::trace!("  Pinning: {}", obj);
+                    (upcalls().call_gc_mark_children)(obj);
+                }
+            });
+
+        for target_object in pinned_objs {
+            if memory_manager::pin_object(target_object) {
+                newly_pinned_objs.push(target_object);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut pinned_objs = crate::binding()
+            .pinning_registry
+            .pinned_objs
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap();
+        pinned_objs.append(&mut newly_pinned_objs);
+    }
+}
+
+struct RemoveDeadPinnings;
+
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for RemoveDeadPinnings {
+    fn do_work(&mut self, _worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        log::debug!("Removing dead Pinnings...");
+
+        let registry = &crate::binding().pinning_registry;
+        {
+            let mut pinning_objs = registry
+                .pinning_objs
+                .try_lock()
+                .expect("PinningRegistry should not have races during GC.");
+
+            pinning_objs.retain_mut(|obj| {
+                if obj.is_live() {
+                    let new_obj = obj.get_forwarded_object().unwrap_or(*obj);
+                    *obj = new_obj;
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    log::trace!("  Dead Pinning removed: {}", *obj);
+                    false
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct UnpinPinnedObjects {
+    objs: Vec<ObjectReference>,
+}
+
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for UnpinPinnedObjects {
+    fn do_work(&mut self, _worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        log::debug!("Unpinning pinned objects...");
+
+        for obj in self.objs.iter() {
+            let unpinned = memory_manager::unpin_object(*obj);
+            debug_assert!(unpinned);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/scanning.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/scanning.rs
index 33466b9db6..355a2e7759 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/scanning.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/scanning.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 use crate::abi::GCThreadTLS;
 
+use crate::upcalls;
 use crate::utils::ChunkedVecCollector;
-use crate::{upcalls, Ruby, RubySlot};
-use mmtk::scheduler::{GCWork, GCWorker, WorkBucketStage};
-use mmtk::util::{ObjectReference, VMWorkerThread};
-use mmtk::vm::{ObjectTracer, RootsWorkFactory, Scanning, SlotVisitor};
-use mmtk::{Mutator, MutatorContext};
+use crate::Ruby;
+use crate::RubySlot;
+use mmtk::memory_manager;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWork;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWorker;
+use mmtk::scheduler::WorkBucketStage;
+use mmtk::util::ObjectReference;
+use mmtk::util::VMWorkerThread;
+use mmtk::vm::ObjectTracer;
+use mmtk::vm::RootsWorkFactory;
+use mmtk::vm::Scanning;
+use mmtk::vm::SlotVisitor;
+use mmtk::Mutator;
 
 pub struct VMScanning {}
 
@@ -45,20 +54,33 @@ impl Scanning<Ruby> for VMScanning {
                 mmtk::memory_manager::is_mmtk_object(target_object.to_raw_address()).is_some(),
                 "Destination is not an MMTk object. Src: {object} dst: {target_object}"
             );
+
+            debug_assert!(
+                // If we are in a moving GC, all objects should be pinned by PinningRegistry.
+                // If it is requested that target_object be pinned but it is not pinned, then
+                // it is a bug because it could be moved.
+                if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() && pin {
+                    memory_manager::is_pinned(target_object)
+                } else {
+                    true
+                },
+                "Object {object} is trying to pin {target_object}"
+            );
+
             let forwarded_target = object_tracer.trace_object(target_object);
             if forwarded_target != target_object {
-                trace!(
-                    "  Forwarded target {} -> {}",
-                    target_object,
-                    forwarded_target
-                );
+                trace!("  Forwarded target {target_object} -> {forwarded_target}");
             }
             forwarded_target
         };
         gc_tls
             .object_closure
             .set_temporarily_and_run_code(visit_object, || {
-                (upcalls().scan_object_ruby_style)(object);
+                (upcalls().call_gc_mark_children)(object);
+
+                if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+                    (upcalls().update_object_references)(object);
+                }
             });
     }
 
@@ -67,14 +89,13 @@ impl Scanning<Ruby> for VMScanning {
     }
 
     fn scan_roots_in_mutator_thread(
-        tls: VMWorkerThread,
-        mutator: &'static mut Mutator<Ruby>,
-        mut factory: impl RootsWorkFactory<RubySlot>,
+        _tls: VMWorkerThread,
+        _mutator: &'static mut Mutator<Ruby>,
+        mut _factory: impl RootsWorkFactory<RubySlot>,
     ) {
-        let gc_tls = unsafe { GCThreadTLS::from_vwt_check(tls) };
-        Self::collect_object_roots_in("scan_thread_root", gc_tls, &mut factory, || {
-            (upcalls().scan_roots_in_mutator_thread)(mutator.get_tls(), tls);
-        });
+        // Do nothing.  All stacks (including Ruby stacks and machine stacks) are reachable from
+        // `rb_vm_t` -> ractor -> thread -> fiber -> stacks.  It is part of `ScanGCRoots` which
+        // calls `rb_gc_mark_roots` -> `rb_vm_mark`.
     }
 
     fn scan_vm_specific_roots(tls: VMWorkerThread, factory: impl RootsWorkFactory<RubySlot>) {
@@ -136,6 +157,7 @@ impl Scanning<Ruby> for VMScanning {
         crate::binding()
             .weak_proc
             .process_weak_stuff(worker, tracer_context);
+        crate::binding().pinning_registry.cleanup(worker);
         false
     }
 
@@ -252,15 +274,15 @@ impl<F: RootsWorkFactory<RubySlot>> GCWork<Ruby> for ScanWbUnprotectedRoots<F> {
         VMScanning::collect_object_roots_in("wb_unprot_roots", gc_tls, &mut self.factory, || {
             for object in self.objects.iter().copied() {
                 if object.is_reachable() {
-                    debug!(
-                        "[wb_unprot_roots] Visiting WB-unprotected object (parent): {}",
-                        object
-                    );
-                    (upcalls().scan_object_ruby_style)(object);
+                    debug!("[wb_unprot_roots] Visiting WB-unprotected object (parent): {object}");
+                    (upcalls().call_gc_mark_children)(object);
+
+                    if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+                        (upcalls().update_object_references)(object);
+                    }
                 } else {
                     debug!(
-                        "[wb_unprot_roots] Skipping young WB-unprotected object (parent): {}",
-                        object
+                        "[wb_unprot_roots] Skipping young WB-unprotected object (parent): {object}"
                     );
                 }
             }
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/utils.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/utils.rs
index de929c3952..d1979eaf58 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/utils.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/utils.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 use atomic_refcell::AtomicRefCell;
-use mmtk::scheduler::{GCWork, GCWorker, WorkBucketStage};
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWork;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWorker;
+use mmtk::scheduler::WorkBucketStage;
 
-use sysinfo::System;
 use crate::Ruby;
+use sysinfo::System;
 
 pub struct ChunkedVecCollector<T> {
     vecs: Vec<Vec<T>>,
@@ -97,32 +100,29 @@ pub fn default_heap_max() -> usize {
         .expect("Invalid Memory size") as usize
 }
 
-pub fn parse_capacity(input: &String, default: usize) -> usize {
+pub fn parse_capacity(input: &str) -> Option<usize> {
     let trimmed = input.trim();
 
     const KIBIBYTE: usize = 1024;
     const MEBIBYTE: usize = 1024 * KIBIBYTE;
     const GIBIBYTE: usize = 1024 * MEBIBYTE;
 
-    let (val, suffix) = if let Some(pos) = trimmed.find(|c: char| !c.is_numeric()) {
-        (&trimmed[..pos], &trimmed[pos..])
+    let (number, suffix) = if let Some(pos) = trimmed.find(|c: char| !c.is_numeric()) {
+        trimmed.split_at(pos)
     } else {
         (trimmed, "")
     };
 
-    // 1MiB is the default heap size
-    match (val, suffix) {
-        (number, "GiB") => number.parse::<usize>()
-            .and_then(|v| Ok(v * GIBIBYTE))
-            .unwrap_or(default),
-        (number, "MiB") => number.parse::<usize>()
-            .and_then(|v| Ok(v * MEBIBYTE))
-            .unwrap_or(default),
-        (number, "KiB") => number.parse::<usize>()
-            .and_then(|v| Ok(v * KIBIBYTE))
-            .unwrap_or(default),
-        (number, suffix) if suffix.is_empty() => number.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or(default),
-        (_, _) => default
+    let Ok(v) = number.parse::<usize>() else {
+        return None;
+    };
+
+    match suffix {
+        "GiB" => Some(v * GIBIBYTE),
+        "MiB" => Some(v * MEBIBYTE),
+        "KiB" => Some(v * KIBIBYTE),
+        "" => Some(v),
+        _ => None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -132,32 +132,30 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_capacity_parses_bare_bytes() {
-        assert_eq!(1234, parse_capacity(&String::from("1234"), 0));
+        assert_eq!(Some(1234), parse_capacity("1234"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_capacity_parses_kibibytes() {
-        assert_eq!(10240, parse_capacity(&String::from("10KiB"), 0))
+        assert_eq!(Some(10240), parse_capacity("10KiB"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_capacity_parses_mebibytes() {
-        assert_eq!(10485760, parse_capacity(&String::from("10MiB"), 0))
+        assert_eq!(Some(10485760), parse_capacity("10MiB"))
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_capacity_parses_gibibytes() {
-        assert_eq!(10737418240, parse_capacity(&String::from("10GiB"), 0))
+        assert_eq!(Some(10737418240), parse_capacity("10GiB"))
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_parses_nonsense_value_as_default_max() {
-        let default = 100;
-
-        assert_eq!(default, parse_capacity(&String::from("notanumber"), default));
-        assert_eq!(default, parse_capacity(&String::from("5tartswithanumber"), default));
-        assert_eq!(default, parse_capacity(&String::from("number1nthemiddle"), default));
-        assert_eq!(default, parse_capacity(&String::from("numberattheend111"), default));
-        assert_eq!(default, parse_capacity(&String::from("mult1pl3numb3r5"), default));
+    fn test_parse_capacity_parses_nonsense_values() {
+        assert_eq!(None, parse_capacity("notanumber"));
+        assert_eq!(None, parse_capacity("5tartswithanumber"));
+        assert_eq!(None, parse_capacity("number1nthemiddle"));
+        assert_eq!(None, parse_capacity("numberattheend111"));
+        assert_eq!(None, parse_capacity("mult1pl3numb3r5"));
     }
 }
diff --git a/gc/mmtk/src/weak_proc.rs b/gc/mmtk/src/weak_proc.rs
index 11f7f5abbf..d38dbe04a4 100644
--- a/gc/mmtk/src/weak_proc.rs
+++ b/gc/mmtk/src/weak_proc.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
-use mmtk::{
-    scheduler::{GCWork, GCWorker, WorkBucketStage},
-    util::ObjectReference,
-    vm::ObjectTracerContext,
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    abi::GCThreadTLS,
-    upcalls,
-    Ruby,
-};
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWork;
+use mmtk::scheduler::GCWorker;
+use mmtk::scheduler::WorkBucketStage;
+use mmtk::util::ObjectReference;
+use mmtk::vm::ObjectTracerContext;
+
+use crate::abi::GCThreadTLS;
+use crate::upcalls;
+use crate::Ruby;
 
 pub struct WeakProcessor {
+    non_parallel_obj_free_candidates: Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>,
+    parallel_obj_free_candidates: Vec<Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>>,
+
     /// Objects that needs `obj_free` called when dying.
     /// If it is a bottleneck, replace it with a lock-free data structure,
     /// or add candidates in batch.
-    obj_free_candidates: Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>,
-    weak_references: Mutex<Vec<&'static mut ObjectReference>>,
+    weak_references: Mutex<Vec<ObjectReference>>,
 }
 
 impl Default for WeakProcessor {
@@ -29,47 +29,74 @@ impl Default for WeakProcessor {
 impl WeakProcessor {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
-            obj_free_candidates: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            non_parallel_obj_free_candidates: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            parallel_obj_free_candidates: vec![Mutex::new(Vec::new())],
             weak_references: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Add an object as a candidate for `obj_free`.
-    ///
-    /// Multiple mutators can call it concurrently, so it has `&self`.
-    pub fn add_obj_free_candidate(&self, object: ObjectReference) {
-        let mut obj_free_candidates = self.obj_free_candidates.lock().unwrap();
-        obj_free_candidates.push(object);
+    pub fn init_parallel_obj_free_candidates(&mut self, num_workers: usize) {
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.parallel_obj_free_candidates.len(), 1);
+
+        for _ in 1..num_workers {
+            self.parallel_obj_free_candidates
+                .push(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Add many objects as candidates for `obj_free`.
+    /// Add a batch of objects as candidates for `obj_free`.
     ///
-    /// Multiple mutators can call it concurrently, so it has `&self`.
-    pub fn add_obj_free_candidates(&self, objects: &[ObjectReference]) {
-        let mut obj_free_candidates = self.obj_free_candidates.lock().unwrap();
-        for object in objects.iter().copied() {
-            obj_free_candidates.push(object);
+    /// Amortizes mutex acquisition over the entire batch. Called when a
+    /// mutator's local buffer is flushed (buffer full or stop-the-world).
+    pub fn add_obj_free_candidates_batch(
+        &self,
+        objects: &[ObjectReference],
+        can_parallel_free: bool,
+    ) {
+        if objects.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if can_parallel_free {
+            let num_buckets = self.parallel_obj_free_candidates.len();
+            for idx in 0..num_buckets {
+                let mut bucket = self.parallel_obj_free_candidates[idx].lock().unwrap();
+                for (i, &obj) in objects.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i % num_buckets == idx {
+                        bucket.push(obj);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.non_parallel_obj_free_candidates
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .extend_from_slice(objects);
         }
     }
 
     pub fn get_all_obj_free_candidates(&self) -> Vec<ObjectReference> {
-        let mut obj_free_candidates = self.obj_free_candidates.lock().unwrap();
-        std::mem::take(obj_free_candidates.as_mut())
+        // let mut obj_free_candidates = self.obj_free_candidates.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut all_obj_free_candidates = self
+            .non_parallel_obj_free_candidates
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_vec();
+
+        for candidates_mutex in &self.parallel_obj_free_candidates {
+            all_obj_free_candidates.extend(candidates_mutex.lock().unwrap().to_vec());
+        }
+
+        std::mem::take(all_obj_free_candidates.as_mut())
     }
 
-    pub fn add_weak_reference(&self, ptr: &'static mut ObjectReference) {
+    pub fn add_weak_reference(&self, object: ObjectReference) {
         let mut weak_references = self.weak_references.lock().unwrap();
-        weak_references.push(ptr);
+        weak_references.push(object);
     }
 
-    pub fn remove_weak_reference(&self, ptr: &ObjectReference) {
-        let mut weak_references = self.weak_references.lock().unwrap();
-        for (i, curr_ptr) in weak_references.iter().enumerate() {
-            if *curr_ptr == ptr {
-                weak_references.swap_remove(i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+    pub fn weak_references_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.weak_references.lock().unwrap().len()
     }
 
     pub fn process_weak_stuff(
@@ -77,80 +104,133 @@ impl WeakProcessor {
         worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>,
         _tracer_context: impl ObjectTracerContext<Ruby>,
     ) {
-        worker.add_work(WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure, ProcessObjFreeCandidates);
+        worker.add_work(
+            WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure,
+            ProcessNonParallelObjFreeCanadidates {},
+        );
+
+        for index in 0..self.parallel_obj_free_candidates.len() {
+            worker.add_work(
+                WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure,
+                ProcessParallelObjFreeCandidates { index },
+            );
+        }
+
         worker.add_work(WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure, ProcessWeakReferences);
 
         worker.add_work(WorkBucketStage::Prepare, UpdateFinalizerObjIdTables);
 
         let global_tables_count = (crate::upcalls().global_tables_count)();
         let work_packets = (0..global_tables_count)
-                .map(|i| {
-                    Box::new(UpdateGlobalTables { idx: i }) as _
-                })
-                .collect();
+            .map(|i| Box::new(UpdateGlobalTables { idx: i }) as _)
+            .collect();
 
         worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure].bulk_add(work_packets);
 
-        worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure].bulk_add(vec![
-            Box::new(UpdateWbUnprotectedObjectsList) as _,
-        ]);
+        worker.scheduler().work_buckets[WorkBucketStage::VMRefClosure]
+            .bulk_add(vec![Box::new(UpdateWbUnprotectedObjectsList) as _]);
+    }
+}
+
+fn process_obj_free_candidates(obj_free_candidates: &mut Vec<ObjectReference>) {
+    // Process obj_free
+    let mut new_candidates = Vec::new();
+
+    for object in obj_free_candidates.iter().copied() {
+        if object.is_reachable() {
+            // Forward and add back to the candidate list.
+            let new_object = object.forward();
+            trace!("Forwarding obj_free candidate: {object} -> {new_object}");
+            new_candidates.push(new_object);
+        } else {
+            (upcalls().call_obj_free)(object);
+        }
+    }
+
+    *obj_free_candidates = new_candidates;
+}
+
+struct ProcessParallelObjFreeCandidates {
+    index: usize,
+}
+
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for ProcessParallelObjFreeCandidates {
+    fn do_work(&mut self, _worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static mmtk::MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        let mut obj_free_candidates = crate::binding().weak_proc.parallel_obj_free_candidates
+            [self.index]
+            .try_lock()
+            .expect("Lock for parallel_obj_free_candidates should not be held");
+
+        process_obj_free_candidates(&mut obj_free_candidates);
     }
 }
 
-struct ProcessObjFreeCandidates;
+struct ProcessNonParallelObjFreeCanadidates;
 
-impl GCWork<Ruby> for ProcessObjFreeCandidates {
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for ProcessNonParallelObjFreeCanadidates {
     fn do_work(&mut self, _worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static mmtk::MMTK<Ruby>) {
-        // If it blocks, it is a bug.
         let mut obj_free_candidates = crate::binding()
             .weak_proc
-            .obj_free_candidates
+            .non_parallel_obj_free_candidates
             .try_lock()
-            .expect("It's GC time.  No mutators should hold this lock at this time.");
+            .expect("Lock for non_parallel_obj_free_candidates should not be held");
 
-        let n_cands = obj_free_candidates.len();
+        process_obj_free_candidates(&mut obj_free_candidates);
+    }
+}
 
-        debug!("Total: {} candidates", n_cands);
+struct ProcessWeakReferences;
 
-        // Process obj_free
-        let mut new_candidates = Vec::new();
+impl GCWork<Ruby> for ProcessWeakReferences {
+    fn do_work(&mut self, worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static mmtk::MMTK<Ruby>) {
+        if crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object() {
+            let gc_tls: &mut GCThreadTLS = unsafe { GCThreadTLS::from_vwt_check(worker.tls) };
 
-        for object in obj_free_candidates.iter().copied() {
-            if object.is_reachable() {
-                // Forward and add back to the candidate list.
-                let new_object = object.forward();
-                trace!(
-                    "Forwarding obj_free candidate: {} -> {}",
-                    object,
-                    new_object
+            let visit_object = |_worker, target_object: ObjectReference, _pin| {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    mmtk::memory_manager::is_mmtk_object(target_object.to_raw_address()).is_some(),
+                    "Destination is not an MMTk object"
                 );
-                new_candidates.push(new_object);
-            } else {
-                (upcalls().call_obj_free)(object);
-            }
-        }
 
-        *obj_free_candidates = new_candidates;
+                target_object
+                    .get_forwarded_object()
+                    .unwrap_or(target_object)
+            };
+
+            gc_tls
+                .object_closure
+                .set_temporarily_and_run_code(visit_object, || {
+                    self.process_weak_references(true);
+                })
+        } else {
+            self.process_weak_references(false);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-struct ProcessWeakReferences;
-
-impl GCWork<Ruby> for ProcessWeakReferences {
-    fn do_work(&mut self, _worker: &mut GCWorker<Ruby>, _mmtk: &'static mmtk::MMTK<Ruby>) {
+impl ProcessWeakReferences {
+    fn process_weak_references(&mut self, moving_gc: bool) {
         let mut weak_references = crate::binding()
             .weak_proc
             .weak_references
             .try_lock()
             .expect("Mutators should not be holding the lock.");
 
-            for ptr_ptr in weak_references.iter_mut() {
-                if !(**ptr_ptr).is_reachable() {
-                    **ptr_ptr = crate::binding().weak_reference_dead_value;
-                }
+        weak_references.retain_mut(|object_ptr| {
+            let object = object_ptr.get_forwarded_object().unwrap_or(*object_ptr);
+
+            if object != *object_ptr {
+                *object_ptr = object;
             }
 
-            weak_references.clear();
+            if object.is_reachable() {
+                (upcalls().handle_weak_references)(object, moving_gc);
+
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        });
     }
 }
 
@@ -165,11 +245,10 @@ trait GlobalTableProcessingWork {
         let forward_object = |_worker, object: ObjectReference, _pin| {
             debug_assert!(
                 mmtk::memory_manager::is_mmtk_object(object.to_raw_address()).is_some(),
-                "{} is not an MMTk object",
-                object
+                "{object} is not an MMTk object"
             );
             let result = object.forward();
-            trace!("Forwarding reference: {} -> {}", object, result);
+            trace!("Forwarding reference: {object} -> {result}");
             result
         };
 
@@ -185,7 +264,6 @@ struct UpdateFinalizerObjIdTables;
 impl GlobalTableProcessingWork for UpdateFinalizerObjIdTables {
     fn process_table(&mut self) {
         (crate::upcalls().update_finalizer_table)();
-        (crate::upcalls().update_obj_id_tables)();
     }
 }
 impl GCWork<Ruby> for UpdateFinalizerObjIdTables {
@@ -195,11 +273,14 @@ impl GCWork<Ruby> for UpdateFinalizerObjIdTables {
 }
 
 struct UpdateGlobalTables {
-    idx: i32
+    idx: i32,
 }
 impl GlobalTableProcessingWork for UpdateGlobalTables {
     fn process_table(&mut self) {
-        (crate::upcalls().update_global_tables)(self.idx)
+        (crate::upcalls().update_global_tables)(
+            self.idx,
+            crate::mmtk().get_plan().current_gc_may_move_object(),
+        )
     }
 }
 impl GCWork<Ruby> for UpdateGlobalTables {
@@ -224,14 +305,10 @@ impl GCWork<Ruby> for UpdateWbUnprotectedObjectsList {
             if object.is_reachable() {
                 // Forward and add back to the candidate list.
                 let new_object = object.forward();
-                trace!(
-                    "Forwarding WB-unprotected object: {} -> {}",
-                    object,
-                    new_object
-                );
+                trace!("Forwarding WB-unprotected object: {object} -> {new_object}");
                 objects.insert(new_object);
             } else {
-                trace!("Removing WB-unprotected object from list: {}", object);
+                trace!("Removing WB-unprotected object from list: {object}");
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/gc/wbcheck/extconf.rb b/gc/wbcheck/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18b32d820d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/wbcheck/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+require_relative '../extconf_base'
+
+create_gc_makefile("wbcheck")
diff --git a/gc/wbcheck/wbcheck.c b/gc/wbcheck/wbcheck.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7d4cd6ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gc/wbcheck/wbcheck.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1936 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/assert.h"
+#include "ruby/atomic.h"
+#include "ruby/debug.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
+#include "gc/gc.h"
+#include "gc/gc_impl.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+// Debug output control
+static bool wbcheck_debug_enabled = false;
+
+// Verification after write barrier control
+static bool wbcheck_verify_after_wb_enabled = false;
+
+// Useless write barrier warning control
+static bool wbcheck_warn_useless_wb_enabled = false;
+
+static void
+wbcheck_debug(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    if (!wbcheck_debug_enabled) return;
+
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+#define WBCHECK_DEBUG(...) do { \
+    if (wbcheck_debug_enabled) { \
+        wbcheck_debug(__VA_ARGS__); \
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+static void
+wbcheck_debug_obj_info_dump(VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (!wbcheck_debug_enabled) return;
+    char buff[0x100];
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj));
+}
+
+// Forward declaration
+static void lock_and_maybe_gc(void *objspace_ptr);
+static void force_gc(void *objspace_ptr);
+
+// Configure wbcheck from environment variables
+static void
+wbcheck_configure_from_env(void)
+{
+    // Configure debug output based on environment variable
+    const char *debug_env = getenv("WBCHECK_DEBUG");
+    if (debug_env && (strcmp(debug_env, "1") == 0 || strcmp(debug_env, "true") == 0)) {
+        wbcheck_debug_enabled = true;
+    }
+
+    // Configure verification after write barrier based on environment variable
+    const char *verify_after_wb_env = getenv("WBCHECK_VERIFY_AFTER_WB");
+    if (verify_after_wb_env && (strcmp(verify_after_wb_env, "1") == 0 || strcmp(verify_after_wb_env, "true") == 0)) {
+        wbcheck_verify_after_wb_enabled = true;
+    }
+
+    // Configure useless write barrier warnings based on environment variable
+    const char *warn_useless_wb_env = getenv("WBCHECK_WARN_USELESS_WB");
+    if (warn_useless_wb_env && (strcmp(warn_useless_wb_env, "1") == 0 || strcmp(warn_useless_wb_env, "true") == 0)) {
+        wbcheck_warn_useless_wb_enabled = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// Define same heap sizes as the default GC
+static size_t heap_sizes[] = {
+    32,
+    40,
+    48,
+    56,
+    64,
+    72,
+    80,
+    96,
+    128,
+    160,
+    256,
+    512,
+    640,
+    768,
+    1024,
+    0
+};
+
+#define HEAP_COUNT ((int)(sizeof(heap_sizes) / sizeof(heap_sizes[0])) - 1)
+#define MAX_HEAP_SIZE (heap_sizes[(HEAP_COUNT) - 1])
+
+// Object states for verification tracking
+typedef enum {
+    WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR,    // Just allocated or writebarrier_remember, needs reference capture
+    WBCHECK_STATE_MARKED,   // Has valid snapshot, ready for normal operation
+    WBCHECK_STATE_DIRTY     // Has seen writebarrier since last snapshot, queued for verification
+} wbcheck_object_state_t;
+
+// Tri-color marking colors
+typedef enum {
+    WBCHECK_COLOR_WHITE,    // Unmarked - will be swept
+    WBCHECK_COLOR_GRAY,     // Marked but children not processed
+    WBCHECK_COLOR_BLACK     // Marked and children processed
+} wbcheck_color_t;
+
+// GC phases
+typedef enum {
+    WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR,   // Normal execution
+    WBCHECK_PHASE_SNAPSHOT,  // Collecting references for verification
+    WBCHECK_PHASE_FULL_GC    // Marking objects during full GC
+} wbcheck_phase_t;
+
+// List of objects
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE *items;
+    size_t count;
+    size_t capacity;
+} wbcheck_object_list_t;
+
+// Helper functions for object list
+static wbcheck_object_list_t *
+wbcheck_object_list_init_with_capacity(size_t capacity)
+{
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *list = calloc(1, sizeof(wbcheck_object_list_t));
+    if (!list) rb_bug("wbcheck: failed to allocate object list structure");
+
+    if (capacity < 4) capacity = 4;
+    list->items = malloc(capacity * sizeof(VALUE));
+    if (!list->items) rb_bug("wbcheck: failed to allocate object list array");
+    list->capacity = capacity;
+    list->count = 0;
+    return list;
+}
+
+static wbcheck_object_list_t *
+wbcheck_object_list_init(void)
+{
+    return wbcheck_object_list_init_with_capacity(4);
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_object_list_append(wbcheck_object_list_t *list, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (list->count >= list->capacity) {
+        size_t new_capacity = list->capacity == 0 ? 4 : list->capacity * 2;
+        VALUE *new_items = realloc(list->items, new_capacity * sizeof(VALUE));
+        if (!new_items) rb_bug("wbcheck: failed to reallocate object list array");
+        list->items = new_items;
+        list->capacity = new_capacity;
+    }
+    list->items[list->count++] = obj;
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_object_list_free(wbcheck_object_list_t *list)
+{
+    if (!list) return;
+    if (list->items) {
+        free(list->items);
+    }
+    free(list);
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_object_list_debug_print(wbcheck_object_list_t *list)
+{
+    if (!wbcheck_debug_enabled) return;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
+        char buff[0x100];
+        fprintf(stderr, "-> %s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), list->items[i]));
+    }
+}
+
+static bool
+wbcheck_object_list_contains(wbcheck_object_list_t *list, VALUE obj)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
+        if (list->items[i] == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Information tracked for each object
+typedef struct {
+    size_t alloc_size;      // Allocated size (static)
+    bool wb_protected;      // Write barrier protection status (static)
+    VALUE finalizers;       // Ruby Array of finalizers like [finalizer1, finalizer2, ...]
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *gc_mark_snapshot; // Snapshot of references from last GC mark
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *mark_maybe_snapshot; // Conservative refs reported via mark_maybe; needed for liveness, not verifiable
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *writebarrier_children; // References added via write barriers since last snapshot
+    wbcheck_object_state_t state; // Current state in verification lifecycle
+    wbcheck_color_t color;  // Tri-color marking color
+} rb_wbcheck_object_info_t;
+
+// Finalizer job types
+struct wbcheck_final_job {
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *next;
+    enum {
+        WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_DFREE,
+        WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE,
+    } kind;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            void (*func)(void *);
+            void *data;
+        } dfree;
+        struct {
+            VALUE finalizer_array;
+        } finalize;
+    } as;
+};
+
+// wbcheck objspace structure to track all objects
+typedef struct {
+    st_table *object_table;  // Hash table to track all allocated objects (VALUE -> rb_wbcheck_object_info_t*)
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *objects_to_capture; // Objects that need initial reference capture
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *objects_to_verify; // Objects that need verification after write barriers
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *current_refs; // Current list for collecting references during marking
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *current_maybe_refs; // Current list for collecting mark_maybe references during marking
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *mark_queue; // Queue of gray objects for tri-color marking
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *weak_references; // Objects holding weak references, found during marking
+    wbcheck_phase_t phase;   // Current GC phase
+    bool gc_enabled;         // Whether GC is allowed to run
+    bool gc_stress;          // GC stress mode (run GC on every allocation)
+    size_t gc_threshold;     // Trigger GC when object count reaches this
+    size_t missed_write_barrier_parents; // Number of parent objects with missed write barriers
+    size_t missed_write_barrier_children; // Total number of missed write barriers detected
+    size_t simulated_gc_count; // Simulated GC count incremented on each GC.start
+    bool measure_total_time;   // Whether to accumulate :time in stats
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *finalizer_jobs; // Linked list of finalizer jobs
+    rb_nativethread_lock_t finalizer_lock;   // Protects finalizer_jobs list
+    rb_postponed_job_handle_t finalizer_postponed_job; // Postponed job handle for finalizers
+} rb_wbcheck_objspace_t;
+
+// Global objspace pointer for accessing from obj_slot_size function
+static rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *wbcheck_global_objspace = NULL;
+
+// Forward declarations
+static void wbcheck_foreach_object(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, int (*callback)(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data), void *data);
+static int wbcheck_verify_all_references_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data);
+static int wbcheck_update_all_snapshots_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data);
+static void wbcheck_run_finalizers_for_object(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info);
+static void gc_run_finalizers(void *data);
+static void make_final_job(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE finalizer_array);
+
+// Helper functions for object tracking
+static rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *
+wbcheck_get_object_info(VALUE obj)
+{
+    // Objspace must be initialized by this point
+    GC_ASSERT(wbcheck_global_objspace);
+
+    st_data_t value;
+    if (st_lookup(wbcheck_global_objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+        return (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)value;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "wbcheck: object not found in tracking table\n");
+    char buff[0x100];
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj));
+
+    // Force ASAN crash?
+    ((volatile VALUE *)obj)[0];
+
+    // Object not found in tracking table - this should never happen
+    rb_bug("wbcheck: object not found in tracking table");
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_report_error(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, wbcheck_object_list_t *current_refs, wbcheck_object_list_t *gc_mark_snapshot, wbcheck_object_list_t *writebarrier_children, wbcheck_object_list_t *missed_refs)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *parent_info = wbcheck_get_object_info(parent_obj);
+
+    size_t snapshot_count = gc_mark_snapshot ? gc_mark_snapshot->count : 0;
+    size_t wb_count = writebarrier_children ? writebarrier_children->count : 0;
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "WBCHECK ERROR: Missed write barrier detected!\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  Parent object: %p (wb_protected: %s)\n",
+           (void *)parent_obj, parent_info->wb_protected ? "true" : "false");
+    char buff[0x100];
+    fprintf(stderr, "    %s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), parent_obj));
+    fprintf(stderr, "  Reference counts - snapshot: %zu, writebarrier: %zu, current: %zu, missed: %zu\n",
+           snapshot_count, wb_count, current_refs->count, missed_refs->count);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < missed_refs->count; i++) {
+        VALUE missed_ref = missed_refs->items[i];
+        char buff[0x100];
+        fprintf(stderr, "  Missing reference to: %p\n    %s\n", (void *)missed_ref, rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), missed_ref));
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    objspace->missed_write_barrier_parents++;
+    objspace->missed_write_barrier_children += missed_refs->count;
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_compare_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE parent_obj, wbcheck_object_list_t *current_refs, wbcheck_object_list_t *gc_mark_snapshot, wbcheck_object_list_t *writebarrier_children)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    (void)objspace;
+
+    size_t snapshot_count = gc_mark_snapshot ? gc_mark_snapshot->count : 0;
+    size_t wb_count = writebarrier_children ? writebarrier_children->count : 0;
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: comparing references for object %p\n", (void *)parent_obj);
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: current refs: %zu, snapshot refs: %zu, wb refs: %zu\n",
+                 current_refs->count, snapshot_count, wb_count);
+
+    // Collect missed references (lazily allocated)
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *missed_refs = NULL;
+
+    // Use circular comparison for better performance when lists are mostly similar
+    size_t snapshot_idx = 0;
+
+    // Check each object in current_refs to see if it's in either stored list
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < current_refs->count; i++) {
+        VALUE current_ref = current_refs->items[i];
+
+        // Usually the lists are nearly identical. We take advantage of this by
+        // attempting to loop over both lists in sequence. When the next element
+        // of the snapshot doesn't match the next element of our current_refs,
+        // we'll loop around the list to try to find it and continue from that
+        // match, so any runs of identical items can be matched efficiently.
+        //
+        // Pathologically this is O(N**2), but is O(N * num_changes)
+        bool found_in_snapshot = false;
+        if (gc_mark_snapshot && snapshot_count > 0) {
+            size_t start_idx = snapshot_idx;
+            do {
+                if (gc_mark_snapshot->items[snapshot_idx] == current_ref) {
+                    found_in_snapshot = true;
+                    snapshot_idx++;
+                    if (snapshot_idx >= snapshot_count) snapshot_idx = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+                snapshot_idx++;
+                if (snapshot_idx >= snapshot_count) snapshot_idx = 0;
+            } while (snapshot_idx != start_idx);
+        }
+
+        if (found_in_snapshot) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Built-in immortal classes can be assigned via RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW,
+        // which bypasses the write barrier. They're pinned as VM roots and
+        // can never be collected, so a missing WB to them is harmless.
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(current_ref, T_CLASS) && FL_TEST_RAW(current_ref, RCLASS_IS_ROOT)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Self reference... Weird but okay I guess
+        if (current_ref == parent_obj) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+
+        // Check if reference exists in writebarrier_children
+        if (writebarrier_children && wbcheck_object_list_contains(writebarrier_children, current_ref)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // If we get here, the reference wasn't found in either list
+        // Lazily allocate missed_refs list on first miss
+        if (!missed_refs) {
+            missed_refs = wbcheck_object_list_init();
+        }
+        wbcheck_object_list_append(missed_refs, current_ref);
+    }
+
+    // Report any errors found
+    if (missed_refs) {
+        wbcheck_report_error(objspace_ptr, parent_obj, current_refs, gc_mark_snapshot, writebarrier_children, missed_refs);
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(missed_refs);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_register_object(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, size_t alloc_size, bool wb_protected)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    GC_ASSERT(objspace);
+
+    // Allocate and initialize object info structure
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = calloc(1, sizeof(rb_wbcheck_object_info_t));
+    if (!info) rb_bug("wbcheck_register_object: failed to allocate object info");
+
+    info->alloc_size = alloc_size;
+    info->wb_protected = wb_protected;
+    info->finalizers = 0;  /* No finalizers initially */
+    info->gc_mark_snapshot = NULL;  /* No snapshot initially */
+    info->mark_maybe_snapshot = NULL;  /* No mark_maybe snapshot initially */
+    info->writebarrier_children = NULL;  /* No write barrier children initially */
+    info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR;  /* Start in clear state */
+    info->color = WBCHECK_COLOR_BLACK;  /* Start as black to survive current GC */
+
+    // Store object info in hash table (VALUE -> rb_wbcheck_object_info_t*)
+    st_insert(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, (st_data_t)info);
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_unregister_object(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info;
+
+    if (st_delete(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t *)&obj, (st_data_t *)&info)) {
+        // Free object lists if they were allocated
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->writebarrier_children);
+        free(info);
+    } else {
+        rb_bug("wbcheck_unregister_object: object not found in table");
+    }
+}
+
+// Bootup
+void *
+rb_gc_impl_objspace_alloc(void)
+{
+    wbcheck_configure_from_env();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = calloc(1, sizeof(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t));
+    if (!objspace) rb_bug("wbcheck: failed to allocate objspace");
+
+    objspace->object_table = st_init_numtable();
+    if (!objspace->object_table) {
+        free(objspace);
+        rb_bug("wbcheck: failed to create object table");
+    }
+
+    objspace->objects_to_capture = wbcheck_object_list_init();  // Initialize empty list
+    objspace->objects_to_verify = wbcheck_object_list_init();   // Initialize empty list
+    objspace->current_refs = NULL;     // No current refs initially
+    objspace->current_maybe_refs = NULL; // No current maybe refs initially
+    objspace->mark_queue = wbcheck_object_list_init(); // Initialize mark queue
+    objspace->weak_references = wbcheck_object_list_init(); // Initialize weak references array
+    objspace->phase = WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR; // Start in mutator phase
+    objspace->gc_enabled = true;       // GC enabled by default (like default GC)
+    objspace->gc_stress = false;       // GC stress disabled by default
+    objspace->gc_threshold = 1000;     // Start with 1000 objects, will adjust after first GC
+    objspace->missed_write_barrier_parents = 0;  // No errors found yet
+    objspace->missed_write_barrier_children = 0; // No errors found yet
+    objspace->simulated_gc_count = 0;   // Start with GC count of 0
+    objspace->measure_total_time = true; // On by default
+
+    return objspace;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_objspace_init(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    // Object table is already initialized in objspace_alloc
+    // Set up global objspace pointer for obj_slot_size function
+    wbcheck_global_objspace = objspace;
+
+    // Initialize postponed job for finalizers
+    rb_native_mutex_initialize(&objspace->finalizer_lock);
+    objspace->finalizer_postponed_job = rb_postponed_job_preregister(0, gc_run_finalizers, objspace);
+}
+
+void *
+rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_alloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ractor)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_set_params(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+static VALUE
+gc_verify_internal_consistency(VALUE self)
+{
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_init(void)
+{
+    VALUE gc_constants = rb_hash_new();
+    //rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("BASE_SLOT_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(BASE_SLOT_SIZE));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(sizeof(struct RBasic) + sizeof(VALUE[RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX])));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RBASIC_SIZE")), SIZET2NUM(sizeof(struct RBasic)));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_OVERHEAD")), INT2NUM(0));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVARGC_MAX_ALLOCATE_SIZE")), LONG2FIX(MAX_HEAP_SIZE));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("HEAP_COUNT")), LONG2FIX(HEAP_COUNT));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_POOL_COUNT")), LONG2FIX(HEAP_COUNT));
+    rb_hash_aset(gc_constants, ID2SYM(rb_intern("RVALUE_OLD_AGE")), INT2FIX(3));
+    OBJ_FREEZE(gc_constants);
+    rb_define_const(rb_mGC, "INTERNAL_CONSTANTS", gc_constants);
+
+    // no-ops for compatibility
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "verify_internal_consistency", gc_verify_internal_consistency, 0);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "compact", rb_f_notimplement, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "auto_compact", rb_f_notimplement, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "auto_compact=", rb_f_notimplement, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "latest_compact_info", rb_f_notimplement, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_mGC, "verify_compaction_references", rb_f_notimplement, -1);
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+size_t *
+rb_gc_impl_heap_sizes(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    return heap_sizes;
+}
+
+// Shutdown
+void
+rb_gc_impl_shutdown_free_objects(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_objspace_free(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    // This should free everything, but we'll just let it leak
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_ractor_cache_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+// GC
+void
+rb_gc_impl_start(void *objspace_ptr, bool full_mark, bool immediate_mark, bool immediate_sweep, bool compact)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    if (objspace) {
+        objspace->simulated_gc_count++;
+    }
+
+    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) return;
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    rb_gc_vm_barrier();
+    force_gc(objspace_ptr);
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_during_gc_p(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->phase != WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR;
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_prepare_heap_i(VALUE obj, void *data)
+{
+    rb_gc_prepare_heap_process_object(obj);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_prepare_heap(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_gc_impl_each_object(objspace_ptr, wbcheck_prepare_heap_i, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_gc_enable(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    objspace->gc_enabled = true;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_gc_disable(void *objspace_ptr, bool finish_current_gc)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    objspace->gc_enabled = false;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_gc_enabled_p(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->gc_enabled;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_stress_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE flag)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    objspace->gc_stress = RTEST(flag);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_stress_get(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->gc_stress ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_config_get(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    return rb_hash_new();
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_config_set(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash)
+{
+}
+
+static wbcheck_object_list_t *
+wbcheck_collect_references_from_object(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = wbcheck_global_objspace;
+
+    // Use combination of writebarrier children and last snapshot as capacity hint
+    size_t snapshot_count = (info->gc_mark_snapshot) ? info->gc_mark_snapshot->count : 0;
+    size_t wb_children_count = (info->writebarrier_children) ? info->writebarrier_children->count : 0;
+    size_t capacity_hint = snapshot_count + wb_children_count;
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *new_list = wbcheck_object_list_init_with_capacity(capacity_hint);
+
+    // Set up objspace state for marking. current_maybe_refs is allocated lazily
+    // by rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe, since most objects have no conservative refs.
+    objspace->current_refs = new_list;
+    objspace->current_maybe_refs = NULL;
+    objspace->phase = WBCHECK_PHASE_SNAPSHOT;
+
+    // Use the marking infrastructure to collect references
+    rb_gc_mark_children(objspace, obj);
+
+    // Clean up objspace state
+    objspace->phase = WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR;
+    objspace->current_refs = NULL;
+
+    // Update the mark_maybe snapshot in place. These references don't participate
+    // in verification, but we need to keep them so full GC can mark them gray.
+    wbcheck_object_list_free(info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+    info->mark_maybe_snapshot = objspace->current_maybe_refs;
+    objspace->current_maybe_refs = NULL;
+
+    if (wbcheck_debug_enabled) {
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: collected %zu references from %p\n", new_list->count, (void *)obj);
+        char buff[0x100];
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj));
+        wbcheck_object_list_debug_print(new_list);
+    }
+
+    return new_list;
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_collect_initial_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: collecting initial references from %p:\n", obj);
+    wbcheck_debug_obj_info_dump(obj);
+
+    // Get the object info and set the initial GC mark snapshot
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *new_list = wbcheck_collect_references_from_object(obj, info);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(info->state == WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR);
+    info->gc_mark_snapshot = new_list;  // Set the initial snapshot
+    info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_MARKED;  // Transition to marked state
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_verify_object_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+
+    // Ignore objects which are not write barrier protected
+    if (!info->wb_protected) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // We hadn't captured initial references
+    if (info->state == WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: verifying references for object:\n");
+    wbcheck_debug_obj_info_dump(obj);
+
+    // Get the current references from the object
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *current_refs = wbcheck_collect_references_from_object(obj, info);
+
+    // Check for useless write barriers before clearing them
+    if (wbcheck_warn_useless_wb_enabled && info->writebarrier_children) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < info->writebarrier_children->count; i++) {
+            VALUE wb_ref = info->writebarrier_children->items[i];
+            if (!wbcheck_object_list_contains(current_refs, wb_ref)) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "WBCHECK WARNING: Potentially useless write barrier detected for object %p\n", (void *)obj);
+                fprintf(stderr, "  Write barrier was recorded for reference to %p, but object no longer references it\n", (void *)wb_ref);
+                char buff[0x100];
+                fprintf(stderr, "  Parent: %s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj));
+                fprintf(stderr, "  Stale reference: %s\n", rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), wb_ref));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compare current_refs against both stored lists to detect missed write barriers
+    wbcheck_compare_references(objspace_ptr, obj, current_refs, info->gc_mark_snapshot, info->writebarrier_children);
+
+    // Update the snapshot with current references and clear write barrier children
+    wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+    wbcheck_object_list_free(info->writebarrier_children);
+    info->gc_mark_snapshot = current_refs;
+    info->writebarrier_children = NULL;
+    info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_MARKED;  // Back to marked state after verification
+}
+
+// Mark object as gray (add to mark queue)
+static void
+wbcheck_mark_gray(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return;
+
+    st_data_t value;
+    if (!st_lookup(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+        rb_bug("wbcheck: asked to mark object %p not in our object table", (void *)obj);
+    }
+
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)value;
+    if (info->color != WBCHECK_COLOR_WHITE) {
+        return; // Already marked
+    }
+
+    info->color = WBCHECK_COLOR_GRAY;
+    wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->mark_queue, obj);
+
+    if (RB_FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE)) {
+        wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->weak_references, obj);
+    }
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: marked gray: %p\n", (void *)obj);
+}
+
+// Reset all objects to white
+static int
+st_foreach_reset_white(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)val;
+    info->color = WBCHECK_COLOR_WHITE;
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+// Mark all finalizer arrays to keep them alive during GC
+static int
+st_foreach_mark_finalizers(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)val;
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)arg;
+
+    if (info->finalizers) {
+        wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, info->finalizers);
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+// Full mark phase using tri-color marking with snapshots
+static void
+wbcheck_mark_phase(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: starting GC mark phase\n");
+
+    objspace->phase = WBCHECK_PHASE_FULL_GC;
+
+    // Clear mark queue and reset all objects to white
+    objspace->mark_queue->count = 0;
+    st_foreach(objspace->object_table, st_foreach_reset_white, 0);
+
+    // Mark all finalizer arrays first to keep them alive
+    st_foreach(objspace->object_table, st_foreach_mark_finalizers, (st_data_t)objspace);
+
+    // Mark finalizer arrays in pending jobs to keep them alive.
+    // No lock needed: all other threads are stopped during GC.
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *job = objspace->finalizer_jobs;
+    while (job != NULL) {
+        switch (job->kind) {
+          case WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_DFREE:
+            break;
+          case WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE:
+            wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, job->as.finalize.finalizer_array);
+            break;
+          default:
+            rb_bug("wbcheck_mark_phase: unknown final job type %d", job->kind);
+        }
+        job = job->next;
+    }
+
+    // Mark roots gray
+    rb_gc_save_machine_context();
+    rb_gc_mark_roots(objspace, NULL);
+
+    // Process gray queue until empty
+    while (objspace->mark_queue->count > 0) {
+        // Get last object from queue (LIFO)
+        VALUE obj = objspace->mark_queue->items[--objspace->mark_queue->count];
+
+        st_data_t value;
+        if (st_lookup(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+            rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)value;
+            if (info->color == WBCHECK_COLOR_GRAY) {
+                // Mark all children from snapshot gray
+                if (info->gc_mark_snapshot) {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < info->gc_mark_snapshot->count; i++) {
+                        wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, info->gc_mark_snapshot->items[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Conservatively-scanned children must also be kept alive
+                if (info->mark_maybe_snapshot) {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < info->mark_maybe_snapshot->count; i++) {
+                        wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, info->mark_maybe_snapshot->items[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Mark this object black
+                info->color = WBCHECK_COLOR_BLACK;
+                WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: marked black: %p\n", (void *)obj);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    objspace->phase = WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR;
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: tri-color mark phase complete\n");
+}
+
+// Sweep phase callback - free white objects
+static int
+wbcheck_sweep_callback(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg, int error)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)val;
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)arg;
+
+    if (info->color == WBCHECK_COLOR_WHITE) {
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: sweeping unmarked object %p\n", (void *)obj);
+
+        rb_gc_event_hook(obj, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_FREEOBJ);
+
+        // Clear weak references first
+        rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(obj);
+
+        // Queue finalizers for postponed job if they exist
+        if (info->finalizers) {
+            make_final_job(objspace, obj, info->finalizers);
+            rb_postponed_job_trigger(objspace->finalizer_postponed_job);
+        }
+
+        // Call rb_gc_obj_free which handles finalizers/zombies
+        if (rb_gc_obj_free(objspace, obj)) {
+            // Object was actually freed, clean up our tracking
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->writebarrier_children);
+            free(info);
+
+            // Free the actual object memory
+            free((void *)obj);
+
+            return ST_DELETE; // Remove from hash table
+        } else {
+            // Object became a zombie - it will be freed by postponed job
+            // Remove from tracking since we can't safely access it anymore
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->writebarrier_children);
+            free(info);
+
+            // Free the actual object memory
+            free((void *)obj);
+
+            return ST_DELETE; // Remove from hash table
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE; // Keep marked objects
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_sweep_phase(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: starting sweep phase\n");
+
+    size_t objects_before = st_table_size(objspace->object_table);
+
+    // Sweep unmarked objects
+    st_foreach_check(objspace->object_table, wbcheck_sweep_callback, (st_data_t)objspace, 0);
+
+    size_t objects_after = st_table_size(objspace->object_table);
+    size_t freed_objects = objects_before - objects_after;
+
+    // Update GC threshold: 2x the live set after GC
+    objspace->gc_threshold = objects_after * 2;
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: sweep phase complete - freed %zu objects (%zu -> %zu), new threshold: %zu\n",
+                  freed_objects, objects_before, objects_after, objspace->gc_threshold);
+}
+
+// Process weak references after marking - call rb_gc_handle_weak_references
+// on each object that was flagged with RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE and collected
+// during the mark phase.
+static void
+wbcheck_process_weak_references(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: processing %zu weak reference objects\n", objspace->weak_references->count);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < objspace->weak_references->count; i++) {
+        VALUE obj = objspace->weak_references->items[i];
+        rb_gc_handle_weak_references(obj);
+    }
+
+    objspace->weak_references->count = 0;
+}
+
+// Full GC: verify all objects then mark from roots
+static void
+wbcheck_full_gc(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: starting full GC\n");
+
+    rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_ENTER);
+    rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_START);
+
+    // First, update snapshots for all objects (verify wb_protected ones)
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: updating snapshots for all objects\n");
+    wbcheck_foreach_object(objspace, wbcheck_update_all_snapshots_callback, objspace);
+
+    // Now start tri-color marking
+    wbcheck_mark_phase(objspace);
+
+    rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_END_MARK);
+
+    // Process weak references after marking, before sweeping
+    wbcheck_process_weak_references(objspace);
+
+    // Sweep unmarked objects
+    wbcheck_sweep_phase(objspace);
+
+    rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_END_SWEEP);
+    rb_gc_event_hook(0, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT);
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: full GC complete\n");
+}
+
+static void
+gc_step(void *objspace_ptr, bool force)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+
+    // Not initialized yet
+    if (!objspace) return;
+
+    if (!objspace->gc_enabled && !force) return;
+
+    // Process all objects that need verification after write barriers (if enabled)
+    if (wbcheck_verify_after_wb_enabled) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < objspace->objects_to_verify->count; i++) {
+            VALUE obj = objspace->objects_to_verify->items[i];
+            wbcheck_verify_object_references(objspace_ptr, obj);
+        }
+
+        // Clear the list after processing
+        objspace->objects_to_verify->count = 0;
+
+        // If any new errors were detected during verification, exit immediately
+        if (objspace->missed_write_barrier_parents > 0) {
+            rb_bug("wbcheck: missed write barrier detected during immediate verification (WBCHECK_VERIFY_AFTER_WB=1)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process all objects that need initial reference capture
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < objspace->objects_to_capture->count; i++) {
+        VALUE obj = objspace->objects_to_capture->items[i];
+        wbcheck_collect_initial_references(objspace_ptr, obj);
+    }
+
+    // Clear the list after processing
+    objspace->objects_to_capture->count = 0;
+
+    // Run full GC if forced, if we exceed the threshold, or if gc_stress is enabled
+    if (ruby_native_thread_p() &&
+        (force ||
+         (objspace->gc_enabled &&
+          (objspace->gc_stress || st_table_size(objspace->object_table) >= objspace->gc_threshold)))) {
+        wbcheck_full_gc(objspace);
+    }
+
+}
+
+static void
+maybe_gc(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    gc_step(objspace_ptr, false);
+}
+
+static void
+force_gc(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    gc_step(objspace_ptr, true);
+}
+
+int ruby_thread_has_gvl_p(void);
+
+static void *
+lock_and_maybe_gc_gvl(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    rb_gc_vm_barrier();
+
+    maybe_gc(objspace_ptr);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+lock_and_maybe_gc(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) return;
+
+    if (!ruby_thread_has_gvl_p()) {
+        rb_thread_call_with_gvl(lock_and_maybe_gc_gvl, objspace_ptr);
+    }
+    else {
+        lock_and_maybe_gc_gvl(objspace_ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_new_obj(void *objspace_ptr, void *cache_ptr, VALUE klass, VALUE flags, bool wb_protected, size_t alloc_size)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    rb_gc_vm_barrier();
+
+    // Check if we should trigger GC before allocating
+    maybe_gc(objspace_ptr);
+
+    // Ensure minimum allocation size of BASE_SLOT_SIZE
+    alloc_size = heap_sizes[rb_gc_impl_heap_id_for_size(objspace_ptr, alloc_size)];
+
+    // Allocate memory for the object
+    VALUE *mem = malloc(alloc_size);
+    if (!mem) rb_bug("FIXME: malloc failed");
+
+    // Initialize the object
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)mem;
+    RBASIC(obj)->flags = flags;
+    *((VALUE *)&RBASIC(obj)->klass) = klass;
+
+    // Register the new object in our tracking table
+    wbcheck_register_object(objspace_ptr, obj, alloc_size, wb_protected);
+
+    // Add this object to the list of objects that need initial reference capture
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->objects_to_capture, obj);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+size_t
+rb_gc_impl_obj_slot_size(VALUE obj)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+    size_t result = info->alloc_size;
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return result;
+}
+
+size_t
+rb_gc_impl_heap_id_for_size(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < HEAP_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (size <= heap_sizes[i]) return i;
+    }
+    rb_bug("size too big");
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_size_allocatable_p(size_t size)
+{
+    // Only allow sizes up to the largest heap size
+    return size <= MAX_HEAP_SIZE;
+}
+
+// Malloc
+void *
+rb_gc_impl_malloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
+{
+    if (gc_allowed) {
+        lock_and_maybe_gc(objspace_ptr);
+    }
+    return malloc(size);
+}
+
+void *
+rb_gc_impl_calloc(void *objspace_ptr, size_t size, bool gc_allowed)
+{
+    if (gc_allowed) {
+        lock_and_maybe_gc(objspace_ptr);
+    }
+    return calloc(1, size);
+}
+
+void *
+rb_gc_impl_realloc(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size, bool gc_allowed)
+{
+    if (gc_allowed) {
+        lock_and_maybe_gc(objspace_ptr);
+    }
+    return realloc(ptr, new_size);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_free(void *objspace_ptr, void *ptr, size_t old_size)
+{
+    free(ptr);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_adjust_memory_usage(void *objspace_ptr, ssize_t diff)
+{
+    // For wbcheck, we don't track memory usage
+}
+
+// Marking
+static void
+gc_mark(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: gc_mark called\n");
+    wbcheck_debug_obj_info_dump(obj);
+
+    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) return;
+
+    switch (objspace->phase) {
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_SNAPSHOT:
+            // Collecting references during verification
+            GC_ASSERT(objspace->current_refs);
+            wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->current_refs, obj);
+            break;
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_FULL_GC:
+            // Marking during full GC
+            wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, obj);
+            break;
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR:
+            // Should not be called during mutator phase
+            rb_bug("wbcheck: gc_mark called during mutator phase");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_mark(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+    gc_mark(objspace, obj);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_mark_and_move(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE *ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+    gc_mark(objspace, *ptr);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_mark_and_pin(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+    gc_mark(objspace, obj);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    if (!rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(objspace_ptr, (void *)obj)) return;
+
+    switch (objspace->phase) {
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_SNAPSHOT:
+            // We don't know if this is actually a reference or just a value
+            // that looks like one, so we can't expect a write barrier for it.
+            // Keep it separate from the verifiable refs, but retain it so full
+            // GC can mark the target gray if it does turn out to be live.
+            if (!objspace->current_maybe_refs) {
+                objspace->current_maybe_refs = wbcheck_object_list_init();
+            }
+            wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->current_maybe_refs, obj);
+            break;
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_FULL_GC:
+            wbcheck_mark_gray(objspace, obj);
+            break;
+        case WBCHECK_PHASE_MUTATOR:
+            rb_bug("wbcheck: rb_gc_impl_mark_maybe called during mutator phase");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Weak references
+void
+rb_gc_impl_declare_weak_references(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    FL_SET_RAW(obj, RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_handle_weak_references_alive_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+
+    st_data_t value;
+    if (st_lookup(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+        rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)value;
+        return info->color != WBCHECK_COLOR_WHITE;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Compaction
+void
+rb_gc_impl_register_pinning_obj(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    /* no-op */
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_object_moved_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+    return false;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_location(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE value)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+// Write barriers
+void
+rb_gc_impl_writebarrier(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+    if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(b)) return;
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    // Get the object info for the parent object (a)
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(a);
+
+    // Only record the write barrier if we have a valid snapshot
+    if (info->state != WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+
+        // Initialize writebarrier_children list if it doesn't exist
+        if (!info->writebarrier_children) {
+            info->writebarrier_children = wbcheck_object_list_init();
+        }
+
+        // Add the new reference to the write barrier children list
+        wbcheck_object_list_append(info->writebarrier_children, b);
+
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: write barrier recorded reference from %p to %p\n", (void *)a, (void *)b);
+
+        // If verification after write barrier is enabled, queue the object for verification
+        if (wbcheck_verify_after_wb_enabled && info->state != WBCHECK_STATE_DIRTY) {
+            WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: queueing object for verification after write barrier\n");
+            info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_DIRTY;  // Mark as dirty
+            wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->objects_to_verify, a);
+        }
+    } else {
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: write barrier skipped (snapshot not initialized) from %p to %p\n", (void *)a, (void *)b);
+    }
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_unprotect(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: writebarrier_unprotect called on object %p\n", (void *)obj);
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+    info->wb_protected = false;
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_remember(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: writebarrier_remember called on object %p\n", (void *)obj);
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK_NO_BARRIER();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+
+    // Clear existing references since they may be stale
+    if (info->state != WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+        info->gc_mark_snapshot = NULL;
+
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+        info->mark_maybe_snapshot = NULL;
+
+        // Only re-add to objects_to_capture if it had previous snapshot
+        // (new objects don't need to be re-added since they'll be captured at allocation)
+        wbcheck_object_list_append(objspace->objects_to_capture, obj);
+
+        // Also clear write barrier children
+        if (info->writebarrier_children) {
+            wbcheck_object_list_free(info->writebarrier_children);
+            info->writebarrier_children = NULL;
+        }
+
+        // Reset to clear state
+        info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR;
+    }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!info->mark_maybe_snapshot);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!info->writebarrier_children);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK_NO_BARRIER(lev);
+}
+
+// Heap walking
+struct wbcheck_foreach_data {
+    int (*callback)(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data);
+    void *data;
+};
+
+static int
+wbcheck_foreach_object_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)val;
+    struct wbcheck_foreach_data *foreach_data = (struct wbcheck_foreach_data *)arg;
+
+    return foreach_data->callback(obj, info, foreach_data->data);
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_foreach_object(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, int (*callback)(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data), void *data)
+{
+    struct wbcheck_foreach_data foreach_data = {
+        .callback = callback,
+        .data = data
+    };
+
+    st_foreach(objspace->object_table, wbcheck_foreach_object_i, (st_data_t)&foreach_data);
+}
+
+// Helper to collect all objects into a snapshot list
+static int
+wbcheck_snapshot_collector(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *snapshot = (wbcheck_object_list_t *)arg;
+    wbcheck_object_list_append(snapshot, obj);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+// Take a snapshot of all objects for safe iteration
+static wbcheck_object_list_t *
+wbcheck_take_object_snapshot(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    size_t object_count = st_table_size(objspace->object_table);
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *snapshot = wbcheck_object_list_init_with_capacity(object_count);
+    st_foreach(objspace->object_table, wbcheck_snapshot_collector, (st_data_t)snapshot);
+    return snapshot;
+}
+
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_each_objects(void *objspace_ptr, int (*callback)(void *, void *, size_t, void *), void *data)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    GC_ASSERT(objspace);
+
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *snapshot = wbcheck_take_object_snapshot(objspace);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < snapshot->count; i++) {
+        VALUE obj = snapshot->items[i];
+        st_data_t value;
+        if (st_lookup(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+            rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = (rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *)value;
+            int result = callback(
+                (void *)obj,
+                (void *)((char *)obj + info->alloc_size),
+                info->alloc_size,
+                data
+            );
+            if (result != 0) break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    wbcheck_object_list_free(snapshot);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_each_object(void *objspace_ptr, void (*func)(VALUE obj, void *data), void *data)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    GC_ASSERT(objspace);
+
+    wbcheck_object_list_t *snapshot = wbcheck_take_object_snapshot(objspace);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < snapshot->count; i++) {
+        VALUE obj = snapshot->items[i];
+        st_data_t value;
+        if (st_lookup(objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value)) {
+            func(obj, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    wbcheck_object_list_free(snapshot);
+}
+
+static void
+finalizer_jobs_push(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, struct wbcheck_final_job *job)
+{
+    rb_native_mutex_lock(&objspace->finalizer_lock);
+    job->next = objspace->finalizer_jobs;
+    objspace->finalizer_jobs = job;
+    rb_native_mutex_unlock(&objspace->finalizer_lock);
+}
+
+static struct wbcheck_final_job *
+finalizer_jobs_pop(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace)
+{
+    rb_native_mutex_lock(&objspace->finalizer_lock);
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *job = objspace->finalizer_jobs;
+    if (job) {
+        objspace->finalizer_jobs = job->next;
+    }
+    rb_native_mutex_unlock(&objspace->finalizer_lock);
+    return job;
+}
+
+// Finalizers
+void
+rb_gc_impl_make_zombie(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, void (*dfree)(void *), void *data)
+{
+    if (dfree == NULL) return;
+
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *job = malloc(sizeof(struct wbcheck_final_job));
+    job->kind = WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_DFREE;
+    job->as.dfree.func = dfree;
+    job->as.dfree.data = data;
+
+    finalizer_jobs_push(objspace, job);
+
+    if (!ruby_free_at_exit_p()) {
+        rb_postponed_job_trigger(objspace->finalizer_postponed_job);
+    }
+
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: made zombie for object %p with dfree function\n", (void *)obj);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_define_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj, VALUE block)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    (void)objspace_ptr;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+
+    GC_ASSERT(!OBJ_FROZEN(obj));
+
+    RBASIC(obj)->flags |= FL_FINALIZE;
+
+    VALUE table = info->finalizers;
+    VALUE result = block;
+
+    if (!table) {
+        /* First finalizer for this object - store object ID as first element */
+        table = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_obj_id(obj), block);
+        rb_obj_hide(table);
+        info->finalizers = table;
+    } else {
+        /* Check for duplicate finalizers (skip index 0 which is object ID) */
+        long len = RARRAY_LEN(table);
+        long i;
+
+        for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+            VALUE recv = RARRAY_AREF(table, i);
+            if (rb_equal(recv, block)) {
+                result = recv;  /* Duplicate found, return existing */
+                goto unlock_and_return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        rb_ary_push(table, block);
+    }
+
+unlock_and_return:
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return result;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_undefine_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    (void)objspace_ptr;
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+
+    GC_ASSERT(!OBJ_FROZEN(obj));
+
+    info->finalizers = 0;
+    FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
+{
+    (void)objspace_ptr;
+
+    if (!FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE)) return;
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *src_info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *dest_info = wbcheck_get_object_info(dest);
+
+    if (src_info->finalizers) {
+        VALUE table = rb_ary_dup(src_info->finalizers);
+        RARRAY_ASET(table, 0, rb_obj_id(dest));
+        rb_obj_hide(table);
+        dest_info->finalizers = table;
+        FL_SET(dest, FL_FINALIZE);
+    }
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wbcheck_get_final(long i, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE table = (VALUE)data;
+
+    return RARRAY_AREF(table, i + 1);
+}
+
+static void
+make_final_job(rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace, VALUE obj, VALUE finalizer_array)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FL_TEST(obj, FL_FINALIZE));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(finalizer_array) == T_ARRAY);
+
+    RB_FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
+
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *job = malloc(sizeof(struct wbcheck_final_job));
+    job->kind = WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE;
+    job->as.finalize.finalizer_array = finalizer_array;
+
+    finalizer_jobs_push(objspace, job);
+}
+
+static void
+gc_run_finalizers(void *data)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = data;
+
+    rb_gc_set_pending_interrupt();
+
+    struct wbcheck_final_job *job;
+    while ((job = finalizer_jobs_pop(objspace)) != NULL) {
+        switch (job->kind) {
+          case WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_DFREE:
+            job->as.dfree.func(job->as.dfree.data);
+            break;
+          case WBCHECK_FINAL_JOB_FINALIZE: {
+            VALUE finalizer_array = job->as.finalize.finalizer_array;
+
+            rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(
+                RARRAY_AREF(finalizer_array, 0),
+                RARRAY_LEN(finalizer_array) - 1,
+                wbcheck_get_final,
+                (void *)finalizer_array
+            );
+
+            RB_GC_GUARD(finalizer_array);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        free(job);
+    }
+
+    rb_gc_unset_pending_interrupt();
+}
+
+static void
+wbcheck_run_finalizers_for_object(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info)
+{
+    if (info->finalizers) {
+        VALUE table = info->finalizers;
+        long count = RARRAY_LEN(table) - 1;
+        rb_gc_run_obj_finalizer(RARRAY_AREF(table, 0), count, wbcheck_get_final, (void *)table);
+        FL_UNSET(obj, FL_FINALIZE);
+    }
+    info->finalizers = 0;
+}
+
+static int
+wbcheck_shutdown_call_finalizer_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data)
+{
+    wbcheck_run_finalizers_for_object(obj, info);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;  /* Keep iterating through all objects */
+}
+
+static int
+wbcheck_verify_all_references_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data)
+{
+    void *objspace_ptr = data;
+    wbcheck_verify_object_references(objspace_ptr, obj);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+wbcheck_update_all_snapshots_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data)
+{
+    void *objspace_ptr = data;
+
+    // For wb_protected objects, do full verification if they have a snapshot
+    if (info->wb_protected && info->state != WBCHECK_STATE_CLEAR) {
+        wbcheck_verify_object_references(objspace_ptr, obj);
+    } else {
+        // For CLEAR objects (wb_protected or not) and non-wb_protected objects, just take a new snapshot
+        wbcheck_object_list_t *current_refs = wbcheck_collect_references_from_object(obj, info);
+        wbcheck_object_list_free(info->gc_mark_snapshot);
+        info->gc_mark_snapshot = current_refs;
+        info->state = WBCHECK_STATE_MARKED;
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+wbcheck_shutdown_finalizer_callback(VALUE obj, rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *info, void *data)
+{
+    void *objspace_ptr = data;
+
+    if (rb_gc_shutdown_call_finalizer_p(obj)) {
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: finalizing object during shutdown: %p\n", (void *)obj);
+        rb_gc_obj_free_vm_weak_references(obj);
+        if (rb_gc_obj_free(objspace_ptr, obj)) {
+            RBASIC(obj)->flags = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_shutdown_call_finalizer(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = objspace_ptr;
+
+    // Call all finalizers for all objects using our shared iteration helper
+    wbcheck_foreach_object(objspace, wbcheck_shutdown_call_finalizer_callback, NULL);
+
+    // After all finalizers have been called, verify all object references
+    unsigned int verify_lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: verifying references for all objects after finalizers\n");
+    wbcheck_foreach_object(objspace, wbcheck_verify_all_references_callback, objspace_ptr);
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: finished verifying all object references\n");
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(verify_lev);
+
+    // Print summary and exit with error code if violations were found
+    if (objspace->missed_write_barrier_parents > 0 || objspace->missed_write_barrier_children > 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "WBCHECK SUMMARY: Found %zu objects with missed write barriers (%zu total violations)\n",
+                objspace->missed_write_barrier_parents, objspace->missed_write_barrier_children);
+
+
+        exit(1);  // Exit with error code to indicate violations were found
+    } else {
+        WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: no write barrier violations detected\n");
+    }
+
+    // Call rb_gc_obj_free on objects that need shutdown finalization (File, Data with dfree, etc.)
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: calling rb_gc_obj_free on objects that need shutdown finalization\n");
+    wbcheck_foreach_object(objspace, wbcheck_shutdown_finalizer_callback, objspace_ptr);
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: finished calling rb_gc_obj_free\n");
+
+    // Run any pending finalizer jobs (dfree functions)
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: running pending finalizer jobs\n");
+    gc_run_finalizers(objspace);
+    WBCHECK_DEBUG("wbcheck: finished running finalizer jobs\n");
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+}
+
+// Forking
+void
+rb_gc_impl_before_fork(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_after_fork(void *objspace_ptr, rb_pid_t pid)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+// Statistics
+void
+rb_gc_impl_set_measure_total_time(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE flag)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    objspace->measure_total_time = RTEST(flag);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_get_measure_total_time(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->measure_total_time;
+}
+
+unsigned long long
+rb_gc_impl_get_total_time(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    return objspace->measure_total_time ? objspace->simulated_gc_count : 0;
+}
+
+size_t
+rb_gc_impl_gc_count(void *objspace_ptr)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    if (objspace) {
+        return objspace->simulated_gc_count;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_latest_gc_info(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE key)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_stat(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE hash_or_sym)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *objspace = (rb_wbcheck_objspace_t *)objspace_ptr;
+    GC_ASSERT(objspace);
+
+    VALUE hash = Qnil, key = Qnil;
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(hash_or_sym, T_HASH)) {
+        hash = hash_or_sym;
+    }
+    else if (SYMBOL_P(hash_or_sym)) {
+        key = hash_or_sym;
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_bug("non-hash or symbol given");
+    }
+
+#define SET(name, attr) \
+    if (key == ID2SYM(rb_intern(#name))) \
+        return SIZET2NUM(attr); \
+    else if (hash != Qnil) \
+        rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern(#name)), SIZET2NUM(attr));
+
+    /* Pretend each GC takes 1ms; :time is reported in milliseconds. */
+    SET(count, objspace->simulated_gc_count);
+    SET(time, objspace->measure_total_time ? objspace->simulated_gc_count : 0);
+    SET(tracked_objects, st_table_size(objspace->object_table));
+#undef SET
+
+    if (!NIL_P(key)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown key: %"PRIsVALUE, rb_sym2str(key));
+    }
+
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("gc_implementation")), rb_str_new_cstr("wbcheck"));
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_gc_impl_stat_heap(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE heap_name, VALUE hash_or_sym)
+{
+    if (FIXNUM_P(heap_name) && SYMBOL_P(hash_or_sym)) {
+        int heap_idx = FIX2INT(heap_name);
+        if (heap_idx < 0 || heap_idx >= HEAP_COUNT) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "size pool index out of range");
+        }
+
+        if (hash_or_sym == ID2SYM(rb_intern("slot_size"))) {
+            return SIZET2NUM(heap_sizes[heap_idx]);
+        }
+
+        return Qundef;
+    }
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(hash_or_sym, T_HASH)) {
+        return hash_or_sym;
+    }
+
+    return Qundef;
+}
+
+const char *
+rb_gc_impl_active_gc_name(void)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+    return "wbcheck";
+}
+
+// Miscellaneous
+#define WBCHECK_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT 2
+static struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry object_metadata_entries[WBCHECK_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT + 1];
+
+struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *
+rb_gc_impl_object_metadata(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    static ID ID_object_id, ID_shareable;
+
+    if (!ID_object_id) {
+        ID_object_id = rb_intern("object_id");
+        ID_shareable = rb_intern("shareable");
+    }
+
+    size_t n = 0;
+
+#define SET_ENTRY(na, v) do { \
+    GC_ASSERT(n < WBCHECK_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_COUNT); \
+    object_metadata_entries[n].name = ID_##na; \
+    object_metadata_entries[n].val = v; \
+    n++; \
+} while (0)
+
+    if (rb_obj_id_p(obj)) SET_ENTRY(object_id, rb_obj_id(obj));
+    if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SHAREABLE)) SET_ENTRY(shareable, Qtrue);
+#undef SET_ENTRY
+
+    object_metadata_entries[n].name = 0;
+    object_metadata_entries[n].val = 0;
+
+    return object_metadata_entries;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_pointer_to_heap_p(void *objspace_ptr, const void *ptr)
+{
+    GC_ASSERT(wbcheck_global_objspace);
+
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    // Check if this pointer exists in our object tracking table
+    st_data_t value;
+    bool result = st_lookup(wbcheck_global_objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)ptr, &value);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_gc_impl_garbage_object_p(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE obj)
+{
+    unsigned int lev = RB_GC_VM_LOCK();
+
+    // Check if this pointer exists in our object tracking table
+    st_data_t value;
+    bool result = st_lookup(wbcheck_global_objspace->object_table, (st_data_t)obj, &value);
+
+    RB_GC_VM_UNLOCK(lev);
+    return !result;
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_set_event_hook(void *objspace_ptr, const rb_event_flag_t event)
+{
+    // Stub implementation
+}
+
+void
+rb_gc_impl_copy_attributes(void *objspace_ptr, VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_wbcheck_object_info_t *src_info = wbcheck_get_object_info(obj);
+
+    if (!src_info->wb_protected) {
+        rb_gc_impl_writebarrier_unprotect(objspace_ptr, dest);
+    }
+    rb_gc_impl_copy_finalizer(objspace_ptr, dest, obj);
+}
+
diff --git a/gem_prelude.rb b/gem_prelude.rb
index bcd2560fab..1b78d80c72 100644
--- a/gem_prelude.rb
+++ b/gem_prelude.rb
@@ -25,4 +25,3 @@ begin
 rescue LoadError
   warn "`syntax_suggest' was not loaded."
 end if defined?(SyntaxSuggest)
-
diff --git a/gems/bundled_gems b/gems/bundled_gems
index 37cb7f9fba..8e244af598 100644
--- a/gems/bundled_gems
+++ b/gems/bundled_gems
@@ -6,42 +6,42 @@
 # - revision: revision in repository-url to test
 #   if `revision` is not given, "v"+`version` or `version` will be used.
 
-minitest            5.25.4  https://github.com/minitest/minitest
-power_assert        2.0.5   https://github.com/ruby/power_assert
-rake                13.2.1  https://github.com/ruby/rake
-test-unit           3.6.7   https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit
-rexml               3.4.1   https://github.com/ruby/rexml
-rss                 0.3.1   https://github.com/ruby/rss
-net-ftp             0.3.8   https://github.com/ruby/net-ftp
-net-imap            0.5.6   https://github.com/ruby/net-imap
-net-pop             0.1.2   https://github.com/ruby/net-pop
+minitest            6.0.6  https://github.com/minitest/minitest
+power_assert        3.0.1   https://github.com/ruby/power_assert
+rake                13.4.2  https://github.com/ruby/rake
+test-unit           3.7.7   https://github.com/test-unit/test-unit
+rexml               3.4.4   https://github.com/ruby/rexml
+rss                 0.3.2   https://github.com/ruby/rss
+net-imap            0.6.4   https://github.com/ruby/net-imap
 net-smtp            0.5.1   https://github.com/ruby/net-smtp
-matrix              0.4.2   https://github.com/ruby/matrix
-prime               0.1.3   https://github.com/ruby/prime
-rbs                 3.8.1   https://github.com/ruby/rbs
-typeprof            0.30.1  https://github.com/ruby/typeprof
-debug               1.10.0   https://github.com/ruby/debug
+matrix              0.4.3   https://github.com/ruby/matrix
+prime               0.1.4   https://github.com/ruby/prime
+rbs                 4.0.2   https://github.com/ruby/rbs 1582ce76429810b057a2816e5000cf5de4b1363d
+typeprof            0.32.0  https://github.com/ruby/typeprof
+debug               1.11.1  https://github.com/ruby/debug 9dc2024a5a05116b3d38afbc5579d9503d8913f3
 racc                1.8.1   https://github.com/ruby/racc
 mutex_m             0.3.0   https://github.com/ruby/mutex_m
 getoptlong          0.2.1   https://github.com/ruby/getoptlong
-base64              0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/base64
-bigdecimal          3.1.9   https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal
+base64              0.3.0   https://github.com/ruby/base64
+bigdecimal          4.1.2   https://github.com/ruby/bigdecimal
 observer            0.1.2   https://github.com/ruby/observer
 abbrev              0.1.2   https://github.com/ruby/abbrev
-resolv-replace      0.1.1   https://github.com/ruby/resolv-replace
+resolv-replace      0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/resolv-replace
 rinda               0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/rinda
-drb                 2.2.1   https://github.com/ruby/drb
+drb                 2.2.3   https://github.com/ruby/drb
 nkf                 0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/nkf
-syslog              0.3.0   https://github.com/ruby/syslog
-csv                 3.3.2   https://github.com/ruby/csv
-repl_type_completor 0.1.10  https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor
-ostruct             0.6.1   https://github.com/ruby/ostruct
-pstore              0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/pstore
-benchmark           0.4.0   https://github.com/ruby/benchmark
-logger              1.6.6   https://github.com/ruby/logger
-rdoc                6.12.0  https://github.com/ruby/rdoc
-win32ole            1.9.1   https://github.com/ruby/win32ole
-irb                 1.15.1  https://github.com/ruby/irb 6bb53630c3398b2042fb99d5232c68399491d338
-reline              0.6.0   https://github.com/ruby/reline defcd36c0b6e6648333d4b9ab5923eb4e543615e
+syslog              0.4.0   https://github.com/ruby/syslog
+csv                 3.3.5   https://github.com/ruby/csv
+repl_type_completor 0.1.15  https://github.com/ruby/repl_type_completor
+ostruct             0.6.3   https://github.com/ruby/ostruct
+pstore              0.2.1   https://github.com/ruby/pstore
+benchmark           0.5.0   https://github.com/ruby/benchmark
+logger              1.7.0   https://github.com/ruby/logger
+rdoc                7.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/rdoc 1f93543615928b6d45357432f16ec6006e2d8b1e
+win32ole            1.9.3   https://github.com/ruby/win32ole
+irb                 1.18.0  https://github.com/ruby/irb
+reline              0.6.3   https://github.com/ruby/reline
 readline            0.0.4   https://github.com/ruby/readline
-fiddle              1.1.6   https://github.com/ruby/fiddle
+fiddle              1.1.8   https://github.com/ruby/fiddle
+tsort               0.2.0   https://github.com/ruby/tsort
+win32-registry      0.1.2   https://github.com/ruby/win32-registry
diff --git a/hash.c b/hash.c
index da0e914afd..9ba8c3d4fe 100644
--- a/hash.c
+++ b/hash.c
@@ -71,10 +71,6 @@
 #define HASH_DEBUG 0
 #endif
 
-#if HASH_DEBUG
-#include "internal/gc.h"
-#endif
-
 #define SET_DEFAULT(hash, ifnone) ( \
     FL_UNSET_RAW(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT), \
     RHASH_SET_IFNONE(hash, ifnone))
@@ -184,7 +180,7 @@ any_hash(VALUE a, st_index_t (*other_func)(VALUE))
             hnum = rb_hash_start(hnum);
         }
         else {
-            hnum = RSYMBOL(a)->hashval;
+            hnum = RSHIFT(RSYMBOL(a)->hashval, 1);
         }
         break;
       case T_FIXNUM:
@@ -325,40 +321,35 @@ objid_hash(VALUE obj)
 #endif
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * call-seq:
- *    obj.hash    -> integer
- *
- * Generates an Integer hash value for this object.  This function must have the
- * property that <code>a.eql?(b)</code> implies <code>a.hash == b.hash</code>.
+ *   hash -> integer
  *
- * The hash value is used along with #eql? by the Hash class to determine if
- * two objects reference the same hash key.  Any hash value that exceeds the
- * capacity of an Integer will be truncated before being used.
+ * Returns the integer hash value for +self+;
+ * has the property that if <tt>foo.eql?(bar)</tt>
+ * then <tt>foo.hash == bar.hash</tt>.
  *
- * The hash value for an object may not be identical across invocations or
- * implementations of Ruby.  If you need a stable identifier across Ruby
- * invocations and implementations you will need to generate one with a custom
- * method.
+ * \Class Hash uses both #hash and #eql? to determine whether two objects
+ * used as hash keys are to be treated as the same key.
+ * A hash value that exceeds the capacity of an Integer is truncated before being used.
  *
- * Certain core classes such as Integer use built-in hash calculations and
- * do not call the #hash method when used as a hash key.
+ * Many core classes override method Object#hash;
+ * other core classes (e.g., Integer) calculate the hash internally,
+ * and do not call the #hash method when used as a hash key.
  *
- * When implementing your own #hash based on multiple values, the best
- * practice is to combine the class and any values using the hash code of an
- * array:
- *
- * For example:
+ * When implementing #hash for a user-defined class,
+ * best practice is to use Array#hash with the class name and the values
+ * that are important in the instance;
+ * this takes advantage of that method's logic for safely and efficiently
+ * generating a hash value:
  *
  *   def hash
  *     [self.class, a, b, c].hash
  *   end
  *
- * The reason for this is that the Array#hash method already has logic for
- * safely and efficiently combining multiple hash values.
- *--
- * \private
- *++
+ * The hash value may differ among invocations or implementations of Ruby.
+ * If you need stable hash-like identifiers across Ruby invocations and implementations,
+ * use a custom method to generate them.
  */
 VALUE
 rb_obj_hash(VALUE obj)
@@ -480,58 +471,11 @@ ar_set_entry(VALUE hash, unsigned int index, st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_ha
 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(h) (HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h)), \
                                 RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_RAW(h))
 
-#define RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h) \
-  ((unsigned int)((RBASIC(h)->flags >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT) & \
-                  (RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT)))
-
-#define RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(h, s)  rb_hash_st_table_set(h, s)
-#define RHASH_TYPE(hash) (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash) ? &objhash : RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type)
-
 #define HASH_ASSERT(expr) RUBY_ASSERT_MESG_WHEN(HASH_DEBUG, expr, #expr)
 
-static inline unsigned int
-RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(VALUE h)
-{
-    HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
-    const unsigned int bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h);
-    HASH_ASSERT(bound <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
-    return bound;
-}
-
 #if HASH_DEBUG
 #define hash_verify(hash) hash_verify_(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-void
-rb_hash_dump(VALUE hash)
-{
-    rb_obj_info_dump(hash);
-
-    if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
-        unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
-
-        fprintf(stderr, "  size:%u bound:%u\n",
-                RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash), bound);
-
-        for (i=0; i<bound; i++) {
-            st_data_t k, v;
-
-            if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
-                char b1[0x100], b2[0x100];
-                ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
-                k = pair->key;
-                v = pair->val;
-                fprintf(stderr, "  %d key:%s val:%s hint:%02x\n", i,
-                        rb_raw_obj_info(b1, 0x100, k),
-                        rb_raw_obj_info(b2, 0x100, v),
-                        ar_hint(hash, i));
-            }
-            else {
-                fprintf(stderr, "  %d empty\n", i);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 static VALUE
 hash_verify_(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
 {
@@ -584,7 +528,7 @@ hash_st_table_init(VALUE hash, const struct st_hash_type *type, st_index_t size)
     RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(hash);
 }
 
-void
+static void
 rb_hash_st_table_set(VALUE hash, st_table *st)
 {
     HASH_ASSERT(st != NULL);
@@ -644,6 +588,7 @@ RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(VALUE h)
 static inline void
 RHASH_AR_TABLE_CLEAR(VALUE h)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_obj_slot_size(h) >= sizeof(struct RHash) + sizeof(ar_table));
     RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK;
     RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK;
 
@@ -759,6 +704,8 @@ ar_force_convert_table(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
         st_hash_t hashes[RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE];
         unsigned int bound, size;
 
+        RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_obj_slot_size(hash) >= sizeof(struct RHash) + sizeof(ar_table));
+
         // prepare hash values
         do {
             st_data_t keys[RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE];
@@ -783,7 +730,7 @@ ar_force_convert_table(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
         st_init_existing_table_with_size(new_tab, &objhash, size);
         ar_each_key(ar, bound, ar_each_key_insert, NULL, new_tab, hashes);
         hash_ar_free_and_clear_table(hash);
-        RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, new_tab);
+        rb_hash_st_table_set(hash, new_tab);
         return RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
     }
 }
@@ -880,10 +827,11 @@ ar_general_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_c
                 return 0;
               case ST_REPLACE:
                 if (replace) {
-                    retval = (*replace)(&key, &val, arg, TRUE);
+                    (*replace)(&key, &val, arg, TRUE);
+
+                    // Pair should not have moved
+                    HASH_ASSERT(pair == RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i));
 
-                    // TODO: pair should be same as pair before.
-                    pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
                     pair->key = (VALUE)key;
                     pair->val = (VALUE)val;
                 }
@@ -951,7 +899,7 @@ ar_foreach_check(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg
                 if (pair->key == never) break;
                 ret = ar_find_entry_hint(hash, hint, key);
                 if (ret == RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
-                    retval = (*func)(0, 0, arg, 1);
+                    (*func)(0, 0, arg, 1);
                     return 2;
                 }
               }
@@ -1181,12 +1129,15 @@ ar_values(VALUE hash, st_data_t *values, st_index_t size)
 static ar_table*
 ar_copy(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_obj_slot_size(hash1) >= sizeof(struct RHash) + sizeof(ar_table));
     ar_table *old_tab = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash2);
     ar_table *new_tab = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash1);
 
-    *new_tab = *old_tab;
+    unsigned int bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash2);
+    new_tab->ar_hint.word = old_tab->ar_hint.word;
+    MEMCPY(&new_tab->pairs, &old_tab->pairs, ar_table_pair, bound);
     RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash1)->ar_hint.word = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash2)->ar_hint.word;
-    RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash1, RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash2));
+    RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash1, bound);
     RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(hash1, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash2));
 
     rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(hash1);
@@ -1212,17 +1163,13 @@ hash_st_free(VALUE hash)
 {
     HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash));
 
-    st_table *tab = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
-
-    xfree(tab->bins);
-    xfree(tab->entries);
+    rb_st_free_embedded_table(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash));
 }
 
 static void
 hash_st_free_and_clear_table(VALUE hash)
 {
     hash_st_free(hash);
-
     RHASH_ST_CLEAR(hash);
 }
 
@@ -1300,7 +1247,6 @@ hash_ar_foreach_iter(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
     if (error) return ST_STOP;
 
     int status = (*arg->func)((VALUE)key, (VALUE)value, arg->arg);
-    /* TODO: rehash check? rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "rehash occurred during iteration"); */
 
     return hash_iter_status_check(status);
 }
@@ -1312,13 +1258,8 @@ hash_foreach_iter(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
 
     if (error) return ST_STOP;
 
-    st_table *tbl = RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg->hash);
     int status = (*arg->func)((VALUE)key, (VALUE)value, arg->arg);
 
-    if (RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg->hash) != tbl) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "rehash occurred during iteration");
-    }
-
     return hash_iter_status_check(status);
 }
 
@@ -1404,6 +1345,7 @@ hash_foreach_ensure(VALUE hash)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* This does not manage iteration level */
 int
 rb_hash_stlike_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg)
 {
@@ -1415,6 +1357,7 @@ rb_hash_stlike_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg
     }
 }
 
+/* This does not manage iteration level */
 int
 rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg)
 {
@@ -1478,14 +1421,9 @@ compact_after_delete(VALUE hash)
 static VALUE
 hash_alloc_flags(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE ifnone, bool st)
 {
-    const VALUE wb = (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_HASH ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0);
     const size_t size = sizeof(struct RHash) + (st ? sizeof(st_table) : sizeof(ar_table));
-
-    NEWOBJ_OF(hash, struct RHash, klass, T_HASH | wb | flags, size, 0);
-
-    RHASH_SET_IFNONE((VALUE)hash, ifnone);
-
-    return (VALUE)hash;
+    VALUE hash = rb_newobj_of(klass, T_HASH | flags, size);
+    return rb_hash_set_ifnone(hash, ifnone);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1537,9 +1475,30 @@ rb_hash_new_capa(long capa)
     return rb_hash_new_with_size((st_index_t)capa);
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_hash_alloc_fixed_size(VALUE klass, st_index_t size)
+{
+    VALUE ret;
+    if (size > RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE) {
+        ret = hash_alloc_flags(klass, 0, Qnil, true);
+        hash_st_table_init(ret, &objhash, size);
+    }
+    else {
+        size_t slot_size = sizeof(struct RHash) + offsetof(ar_table, pairs) + size * sizeof(ar_table_pair);
+        ret = rb_newobj_of(klass, T_HASH, slot_size);
+    }
+
+    RHASH_SET_IFNONE(ret, Qnil);
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 hash_copy(VALUE ret, VALUE hash)
 {
+    if (rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(hash)) {
+        rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(ret);
+    }
+
     if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
         if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(ret)) {
             ar_copy(ret, hash);
@@ -1595,10 +1554,10 @@ VALUE
 rb_hash_dup(VALUE hash)
 {
     const VALUE flags = RBASIC(hash)->flags;
-    VALUE ret = hash_dup(hash, rb_obj_class(hash),
-                         flags & (FL_EXIVAR|RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT));
-    if (flags & FL_EXIVAR)
-        rb_copy_generic_ivar(ret, hash);
+    VALUE ret = hash_dup(hash, rb_obj_class(hash), flags & RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT);
+
+    rb_copy_generic_ivar(ret, hash);
+
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1721,14 +1680,14 @@ tbl_update(VALUE hash, VALUE key, tbl_update_func func, st_data_t optional_arg)
         .func = func,
         .hash = hash,
         .key  = key,
-        .value = (VALUE)optional_arg,
+        .value = 0
     };
 
     int ret = rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, key, tbl_update_modify, (st_data_t)&arg);
 
     /* write barrier */
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, arg.key);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, arg.value);
+    if (arg.value) RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, arg.value);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1981,6 +1940,9 @@ rb_hash_rehash_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
     else {
         st_insert(RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg), (st_data_t)key, (st_data_t)value);
     }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg, Qundef, key);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg, Qundef, value);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -2024,7 +1986,7 @@ rb_hash_rehash(VALUE hash)
         rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_rehash_i, (VALUE)tmp);
 
         hash_st_free(hash);
-        RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, tbl);
+        rb_hash_st_table_set(hash, tbl);
         RHASH_ST_CLEAR(tmp);
     }
     hash_verify(hash);
@@ -2253,7 +2215,7 @@ rb_hash_default(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
  *  See {Hash Default}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Hash+Default].
  */
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_hash_set_default(VALUE hash, VALUE ifnone)
 {
     rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
@@ -2683,9 +2645,9 @@ rb_hash_slice(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
  *  Returns a copy of +self+ that excludes entries for the given +keys+;
  *  any +keys+ that are not found are ignored:
  *
- *    h = {foo:0, bar: 1, baz: 2} # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
- *    h.except(:baz, :foo)        # => {:bar=>1}
- *    h.except(:bar, :nosuch)     # => {:foo=>0, :baz=>2}
+ *    h = {foo:0, bar: 1, baz: 2} # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *    h.except(:baz, :foo)        # => {bar: 1}
+ *    h.except(:bar, :nosuch)     # => {foo: 0, baz: 2}
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Deleting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Deleting].
  */
@@ -2711,13 +2673,17 @@ rb_hash_except(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
  *  call-seq:
  *    values_at(*keys) -> new_array
  *
- *  Returns a new Array containing values for the given +keys+:
+ *  Returns a new array containing values for the given +keys+:
+ *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h.values_at(:baz, :foo) # => [2, 0]
  *
  *  The {hash default}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Hash+Default] is returned
  *  for each key that is not found:
+ *
  *    h.values_at(:hello, :foo) # => [nil, 0]
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Fetching].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2914,7 +2880,7 @@ hash_aset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
 VALUE
 rb_hash_key_str(VALUE key)
 {
-    if (!RB_FL_ANY_RAW(key, FL_EXIVAR) && RBASIC_CLASS(key) == rb_cString) {
+    if (!rb_obj_gen_fields_p(key) && RBASIC_CLASS(key) == rb_cString) {
         return rb_fstring(key);
     }
     else {
@@ -2958,7 +2924,7 @@ NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(hash_aset_str)
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
  *    h[:baz] = 2 # => 2
  *    h[:baz]     # => 2
- *    h           # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
+ *    h           # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
  *  Related: #[]; see also {Methods for Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Assigning].
  */
@@ -2989,6 +2955,14 @@ rb_hash_aset(VALUE hash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h.replace({bat: 3, bam: 4}) # => {bat: 3, bam: 4}
  *
+ *  Also replaces the default value or proc of +self+ with the default value
+ *  or proc of +other_hash+.
+ *
+ *    h = {}
+ *    other = Hash.new(:ok)
+ *    h.replace(other)
+ *    h.default # => :ok
+ *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Assigning].
  */
 
@@ -3207,40 +3181,91 @@ transform_keys_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE result)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    transform_keys {|key| ... } -> new_hash
- *    transform_keys(hash2) -> new_hash
- *    transform_keys(hash2) {|other_key| ...} -> new_hash
+ *    transform_keys {|old_key| ... } -> new_hash
+ *    transform_keys(other_hash) -> new_hash
+ *    transform_keys(other_hash) {|old_key| ...} -> new_hash
  *    transform_keys -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Returns a new +Hash+ object; each entry has:
- *  * A key provided by the block.
- *  * The value from +self+.
+ *  With an argument, a block, or both given,
+ *  derives a new hash +new_hash+ from +self+, the argument, and/or the block;
+ *  all, some, or none of its keys may be different from those in +self+.
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument,
+ *  +new_hash+ has keys determined only by the block.
  *
- *  An optional hash argument can be provided to map keys to new keys.
- *  Any key not given will be mapped using the provided block,
- *  or remain the same if no block is given.
+ *  For each key/value pair <tt>old_key/value</tt> in +self+, calls the block with +old_key+;
+ *  the block's return value becomes +new_key+;
+ *  sets <tt>new_hash[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *  a duplicate key overwrites:
  *
- *  Transform keys:
  *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *      h1 = h.transform_keys {|key| key.to_s }
- *      h1 # => {"foo"=>0, "bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}
+ *      h.transform_keys {|old_key| old_key.to_s }
+ *      # => {"foo" => 0, "bar" => 1, "baz" => 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys {|old_key| 'xxx' }
+ *      # => {"xxx" => 2}
  *
- *      h.transform_keys(foo: :bar, bar: :foo)
- *      #=> {bar: 0, foo: 1, baz: 2}
+ *  With argument +other_hash+ given and no block,
+ *  +new_hash+ may have new keys provided by +other_hash+
+ *  and unchanged keys provided by +self+.
  *
- *      h.transform_keys(foo: :hello, &:to_s)
- *      #=> {hello: 0, "bar" => 1, "baz" => 2}
+ *  For each key/value pair <tt>old_key/old_value</tt> in +self+,
+ *  looks for key +old_key+ in +other_hash+:
  *
- *  Overwrites values for duplicate keys:
- *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *    h1 = h.transform_keys {|key| :bat }
- *    h1 # => {bat: 2}
+ *  - If +old_key+ is found, its value <tt>other_hash[old_key]</tt> is taken as +new_key+;
+ *    sets <tt>new_hash[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :BAZ, bar: :BAR, foo: :FOO)
+ *      # => {FOO: 0, BAR: 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :FOO, bar: :FOO, foo: :FOO)
+ *      # => {FOO: 2}
+ *
+ *  - If +old_key+ is not found,
+ *    sets <tt>new_hash[old_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys({})
+ *      # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :foo)
+ *      # => {foo: 2, bar: 1}
+ *
+ *  Unused keys in +other_hash+ are ignored:
  *
- *  Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *    e = h.transform_keys # => #<Enumerator: {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}:transform_keys>
- *    h1 = e.each { |key| key.to_s }
- *    h1 # => {"foo"=>0, "bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}
+ *    h.transform_keys(bat: 3)
+ *    # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *
+ *  With both argument +other_hash+ and a block given,
+ *  +new_hash+ has new keys specified by +other_hash+ or by the block,
+ *  and unchanged keys provided by +self+.
+ *
+ *  For each pair +old_key+ and +value+ in +self+:
+ *
+ *  - If +other_hash+ has key +old_key+ (with value +new_key+),
+ *    does not call the block for that key;
+ *    sets <tt>new_hash[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :BAZ, bar: :BAR, foo: :FOO) {|key| fail 'Not called' }
+ *      # => {FOO: 0, BAR: 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *
+ *  - If +other_hash+ does not have key +old_key+,
+ *    calls the block with +old_key+ and takes its return value as +new_key+;
+ *    sets <tt>new_hash[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :BAZ) {|key| key.to_s.reverse }
+ *      # => {"oof" => 0, "rab" => 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys(baz: :BAZ) {|key| 'ook' }
+ *      # => {"ook" => 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Transforming Keys and Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Transforming+Keys+and+Values].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_transform_keys(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
@@ -3274,13 +3299,97 @@ static int flatten_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ary);
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    transform_keys! {|key| ... } -> self
- *    transform_keys!(hash2) -> self
- *    transform_keys!(hash2) {|other_key| ...} -> self
+ *    transform_keys! {|old_key| ... } -> self
+ *    transform_keys!(other_hash) -> self
+ *    transform_keys!(other_hash) {|old_key| ...} -> self
  *    transform_keys! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Same as Hash#transform_keys but modifies the receiver in place
- *  instead of returning a new hash.
+ *  With an argument, a block, or both given,
+ *  derives keys from the argument, the block, and +self+;
+ *  all, some, or none of the keys in +self+ may be changed.
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument,
+ *  derives keys only from the block;
+ *  all, some, or none of the keys in +self+ may be changed.
+ *
+ *  For each key/value pair <tt>old_key/value</tt> in +self+, calls the block with +old_key+;
+ *  the block's return value becomes +new_key+;
+ *  removes the entry for +old_key+: <tt>self.delete(old_key)</tt>;
+ *  sets <tt>self[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *  a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys! {|old_key| old_key.to_s }
+ *      # => {"foo" => 0, "bar" => 1, "baz" => 2}
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys! {|old_key| 'xxx' }
+ *      # => {"xxx" => 2}
+ *
+ *  With argument +other_hash+ given and no block,
+ *  derives keys for +self+ from +other_hash+ and +self+;
+ *  all, some, or none of the keys in +self+ may be changed.
+ *
+ *  For each key/value pair <tt>old_key/old_value</tt> in +self+,
+ *  looks for key +old_key+ in +other_hash+:
+ *
+ *  - If +old_key+ is found, takes value <tt>other_hash[old_key]</tt> as +new_key+;
+ *    removes the entry for +old_key+: <tt>self.delete(old_key)</tt>;
+ *    sets <tt>self[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :BAZ, bar: :BAR, foo: :FOO)
+ *      # => {FOO: 0, BAR: 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :FOO, bar: :FOO, foo: :FOO)
+ *      # => {FOO: 2}
+ *
+ *  - If +old_key+ is not found, does nothing:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!({})
+ *      # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :foo)
+ *      # => {foo: 2, bar: 1}
+ *
+ *  Unused keys in +other_hash+ are ignored:
+ *
+ *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *    h.transform_keys!(bat: 3)
+ *    # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *
+ *  With both argument +other_hash+ and a block given,
+ *  derives keys from +other_hash+, the block, and +self+;
+ *  all, some, or none of the keys in +self+ may be changed.
+ *
+ *  For each pair +old_key+ and +value+ in +self+:
+ *
+ *  - If +other_hash+ has key +old_key+ (with value +new_key+),
+ *    does not call the block for that key;
+ *    removes the entry for +old_key+: <tt>self.delete(old_key)</tt>;
+ *    sets <tt>self[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :BAZ, bar: :BAR, foo: :FOO) {|key| fail 'Not called' }
+ *      # => {FOO: 0, BAR: 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *
+ *  - If +other_hash+ does not have key +old_key+,
+ *    calls the block with +old_key+ and takes its return value as +new_key+;
+ *    removes the entry for +old_key+: <tt>self.delete(old_key)</tt>;
+ *    sets <tt>self[new_key] = value</tt>;
+ *    a duplicate key overwrites:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :BAZ) {|key| key.to_s.reverse }
+ *      # => {"oof" => 0, "rab" => 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.transform_keys!(baz: :BAZ) {|key| 'ook' }
+ *      # => {"ook" => 1, BAZ: 2}
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Transforming Keys and Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Transforming+Keys+and+Values].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_transform_keys_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
@@ -3347,25 +3456,37 @@ transform_values_foreach_replace(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t arg
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+transform_values_call(VALUE hash)
+{
+    rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(hash, transform_values_foreach_func, transform_values_foreach_replace, hash);
+    return hash;
+}
+
+static void
+transform_values(VALUE hash)
+{
+    hash_iter_lev_inc(hash);
+    rb_ensure(transform_values_call, hash, hash_foreach_ensure, hash);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    transform_values {|value| ... } -> new_hash
  *    transform_values -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Returns a new +Hash+ object; each entry has:
- *  * A key from +self+.
- *  * A value provided by the block.
+ *  With a block given, returns a new hash +new_hash+;
+ *  for each pair +key+/+value+ in +self+,
+ *  calls the block with +value+ and captures its return as +new_value+;
+ *  adds to +new_hash+ the entry +key+/+new_value+:
  *
- *  Transform values:
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h1 = h.transform_values {|value| value * 100}
  *    h1 # => {foo: 0, bar: 100, baz: 200}
  *
- *  Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
- *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *    e = h.transform_values # => #<Enumerator: {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}:transform_values>
- *    h1 = e.each { |value| value * 100}
- *    h1 # => {foo: 0, bar: 100, baz: 200}
+ *  With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Transforming Keys and Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Transforming+Keys+and+Values].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_transform_values(VALUE hash)
@@ -3377,7 +3498,7 @@ rb_hash_transform_values(VALUE hash)
     SET_DEFAULT(result, Qnil);
 
     if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
-        rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(result, transform_values_foreach_func, transform_values_foreach_replace, result);
+        transform_values(result);
         compact_after_delete(result);
     }
 
@@ -3386,18 +3507,24 @@ rb_hash_transform_values(VALUE hash)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    transform_values! {|value| ... } -> self
+ *    transform_values! {|old_value| ... } -> self
  *    transform_values! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Returns +self+, whose keys are unchanged, and whose values are determined by the given block.
+ *
+ *  With a block given, changes the values of +self+ as determined by the block;
+ *  returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  For each entry +key+/+old_value+ in +self+,
+ *  calls the block with +old_value+,
+ *  captures its return value as +new_value+,
+ *  and sets <tt>self[key] = new_value</tt>:
+ *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h.transform_values! {|value| value * 100} # => {foo: 0, bar: 100, baz: 200}
  *
- *  Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
- *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *    e = h.transform_values! # => #<Enumerator: {foo: 0, bar: 100, baz: 200}:transform_values!>
- *    h1 = e.each {|value| value * 100}
- *    h1 # => {foo: 0, bar: 100, baz: 200}
+ *  With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Transforming Keys and Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Transforming+Keys+and+Values].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_transform_values_bang(VALUE hash)
@@ -3406,7 +3533,7 @@ rb_hash_transform_values_bang(VALUE hash)
     rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
 
     if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
-        rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(hash, transform_values_foreach_func, transform_values_foreach_replace, hash);
+        transform_values(hash);
     }
 
     return hash;
@@ -3453,24 +3580,24 @@ symbol_key_needs_quote(VALUE str)
     if (first == '@' || first == '$' || first == '!') return true;
     if (!at_char_boundary(s, s + len - 1, RSTRING_END(str), rb_enc_get(str))) return false;
     switch (s[len - 1]) {
-        case '+':
-        case '-':
-        case '*':
-        case '/':
-        case '`':
-        case '%':
-        case '^':
-        case '&':
-        case '|':
-        case ']':
-        case '<':
-        case '=':
-        case '>':
-        case '~':
-        case '@':
-            return true;
-        default:
-            return false;
+      case '+':
+      case '-':
+      case '*':
+      case '/':
+      case '`':
+      case '%':
+      case '^':
+      case '&':
+      case '|':
+      case ']':
+      case '<':
+      case '=':
+      case '>':
+      case '~':
+      case '@':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
     }
 }
 
@@ -3546,6 +3673,8 @@ rb_hash_inspect(VALUE hash)
  *    to_hash -> self
  *
  *  Returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Converting].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_to_hash(VALUE hash)
@@ -3588,21 +3717,22 @@ rb_hash_to_h_block(VALUE hash)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    to_h -> self or new_hash
  *    to_h {|key, value| ... } -> new_hash
+ *    to_h -> self or new_hash
  *
- *  For an instance of +Hash+, returns +self+.
- *
- *  For a subclass of +Hash+, returns a new +Hash+
- *  containing the content of +self+.
+ *  With a block given, returns a new hash whose content is based on the block;
+ *  the block is called with each entry's key and value;
+ *  the block should return a 2-element array
+ *  containing the key and value to be included in the returned array:
  *
- *  When a block is given, returns a new +Hash+ object
- *  whose content is based on the block;
- *  the block should return a 2-element Array object
- *  specifying the key-value pair to be included in the returned Array:
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
- *    h1 = h.to_h {|key, value| [value, key] }
- *    h1 # => {0=>:foo, 1=>:bar, 2=>:baz}
+ *    h.to_h {|key, value| [value, key] }
+ *    # => {0 => :foo, 1 => :bar, 2 => :baz}
+ *
+ *  With no block given, returns +self+ if +self+ is an instance of +Hash+;
+ *  if +self+ is a subclass of +Hash+, returns a new hash containing the content of +self+.
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Converting].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3676,9 +3806,12 @@ values_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ary)
  *  call-seq:
  *    values -> new_array
  *
- *  Returns a new Array containing all values in +self+:
+ *  Returns a new array containing all values in +self+:
+ *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h.values # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Fetching].
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3706,7 +3839,6 @@ rb_hash_values(VALUE hash)
         }
         rb_ary_set_len(values, size);
     }
-
     else {
         rb_hash_foreach(hash, values_i, values);
     }
@@ -3748,9 +3880,10 @@ rb_hash_search_value(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    has_value?(value) -> true or false
- *    value?(value) -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +value+ is a value in +self+, otherwise +false+.
+ *  Returns whether +value+ is a value in +self+.
+ *
+ *  Related: {Methods for Querying}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Querying].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3847,17 +3980,13 @@ hash_equal(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2, int eql)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self == object -> true or false
+ *    self == other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns whether +self+ and +object+ are equal.
+ *  Returns whether all of the following are true:
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if all of the following are true:
- *
- *  - +object+ is a +Hash+ object (or can be converted to one).
- *  - +self+ and +object+ have the same keys (regardless of order).
- *  - For each key +key+, <tt>self[key] == object[key]</tt>.
- *
- *  Otherwise, returns +false+.
+ *  - +other+ is a +Hash+ object (or can be converted to one).
+ *  - +self+ and +other+ have the same keys (regardless of order).
+ *  - For each key +key+, <tt>self[key] == other[key]</tt>.
  *
  *  Examples:
  *
@@ -3866,8 +3995,8 @@ hash_equal(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2, int eql)
  *    h == {bar: 1, foo: 0} # => true   # Equal entries (different order).
  *    h == 1                            # => false  # Object not a hash.
  *    h == {}                           # => false  # Different number of entries.
- *    h == {foo: 0, bar: 1} # => false  # Different key.
- *    h == {foo: 0, bar: 1} # => false  # Different value.
+ *    h == {foo: 0, bat: 1} # => false  # Different key.
+ *    h == {foo: 0, bar: 2} # => false  # Different value.
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Comparing}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Comparing].
  */
@@ -3989,42 +4118,109 @@ rb_hash_update_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+struct update_call_args {
+    VALUE hash, newvalue, *argv;
+    int argc;
+    bool block_given;
+    bool iterating;
+};
+
 static int
 rb_hash_update_block_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
 {
-    st_data_t newvalue = arg->arg;
+    VALUE k = (VALUE)*key, v = (VALUE)*value;
+    struct update_call_args *ua = (void *)arg->arg;
+    VALUE newvalue = ua->newvalue, hash = arg->hash;
 
     if (existing) {
-        newvalue = (st_data_t)rb_yield_values(3, (VALUE)*key, (VALUE)*value, (VALUE)newvalue);
+        hash_iter_lev_inc(hash);
+        ua->iterating = true;
+        newvalue = rb_yield_values(3, k, v, newvalue);
+        hash_iter_lev_dec(hash);
+        ua->iterating = false;
     }
-    else if (RHASH_STRING_KEY_P(arg->hash, *key) && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(*key)) {
-        *key = rb_hash_key_str(*key);
+    else if (RHASH_STRING_KEY_P(hash, k) && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(k)) {
+        *key = (st_data_t)rb_hash_key_str(k);
     }
-    *value = newvalue;
+    *value = (st_data_t)newvalue;
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(rb_hash_update_block_callback)
 
 static int
-rb_hash_update_block_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
+rb_hash_update_block_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE args)
 {
-    RHASH_UPDATE(hash, key, rb_hash_update_block_callback, value);
+    struct update_call_args *ua = (void *)args;
+    ua->newvalue = value;
+    RHASH_UPDATE(ua->hash, key, rb_hash_update_block_callback, args);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_hash_update_call(VALUE args)
+{
+    struct update_call_args *arg = (void *)args;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < arg->argc; i++){
+        VALUE hash = to_hash(arg->argv[i]);
+        if (arg->block_given) {
+            rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_block_i, args);
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_i, arg->hash);
+        }
+    }
+    return arg->hash;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_hash_update_ensure(VALUE args)
+{
+    struct update_call_args *ua = (void *)args;
+    if (ua->iterating) hash_iter_lev_dec(ua->hash);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    update(*other_hashes) -> self
  *    update(*other_hashes) { |key, old_value, new_value| ... } -> self
  *
- *  Like Hash#merge, but modifies and returns +self+ instead of a new hash:
+ *  Updates values and/or adds entries to +self+; returns +self+.
  *
- *    season = {AB: 75, H: 20, HR: 3, SO: 17, W: 11, HBP: 3}
- *    today = {AB: 3, H: 1, W: 1}
- *    yesterday = {AB: 4, H: 2, HR: 1}
- *    season.update(yesterday, today) {|key, old_value, new_value| old_value + new_value }
- *    # => {AB: 82, H: 23, HR: 4, SO: 17, W: 12, HBP: 3}
+ *  Each argument +other_hash+ in +other_hashes+ must be a hash.
+ *
+ *  With no block given, for each successive entry +key+/+new_value+ in each successive +other_hash+:
+ *
+ *  - If +key+ is in +self+, sets <tt>self[key] = new_value</tt>, whose position is unchanged:
+ *
+ *      h0 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h1 = {bar: 3, foo: -1}
+ *      h0.update(h1) # => {foo: -1, bar: 3, baz: 2}
+ *
+ *  - If +key+ is not in +self+, adds the entry at the end of +self+:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.update({bam: 3, bah: 4}) # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2, bam: 3, bah: 4}
+ *
+ *  With a block given, for each successive entry +key+/+new_value+ in each successive +other_hash+:
+ *
+ *  - If +key+ is in +self+, fetches +old_value+ from <tt>self[key]</tt>,
+ *    calls the block with +key+, +old_value+, and +new_value+,
+ *    and sets <tt>self[key] = new_value</tt>, whose position is unchanged  :
+ *
+ *      season = {AB: 75, H: 20, HR: 3, SO: 17, W: 11, HBP: 3}
+ *      today = {AB: 3, H: 1, W: 1}
+ *      yesterday = {AB: 4, H: 2, HR: 1}
+ *      season.update(yesterday, today) {|key, old_value, new_value| old_value + new_value }
+ *      # => {AB: 82, H: 23, HR: 4, SO: 17, W: 12, HBP: 3}
+ *
+ *  - If +key+ is not in +self+, adds the entry at the end of +self+:
+ *
+ *      h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+ *      h.update({bat: 3}) { fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *      # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2, bat: 3}
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Assigning].
  */
@@ -4032,20 +4228,17 @@ rb_hash_update_block_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    int i;
-    bool block_given = rb_block_given_p();
+    struct update_call_args args = {
+        .hash = self,
+        .argv = argv,
+        .argc = argc,
+        .block_given = rb_block_given_p(),
+        .iterating = false,
+    };
+    VALUE arg = (VALUE)&args;
 
     rb_hash_modify(self);
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++){
-        VALUE hash = to_hash(argv[i]);
-        if (block_given) {
-            rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_block_i, self);
-        }
-        else {
-            rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_i, self);
-        }
-    }
-    return self;
+    return rb_ensure(rb_hash_update_call, arg, rb_hash_update_ensure, arg);
 }
 
 struct update_func_arg {
@@ -4300,21 +4493,21 @@ flatten_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ary)
  *  Examples; note that entry <tt>foo: {bar: 1, baz: 2}</tt> is never flattened.
  *
  *   h = {foo: {bar: 1, baz: 2}, bat: [:bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]}
- *   h.flatten(1) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, [:bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]]
- *   h.flatten(2) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, :bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]
- *   h.flatten(3) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, [:bah]]
- *   h.flatten(4) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
- *   h.flatten(5) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
+ *   h.flatten(1) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, [:bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]]
+ *   h.flatten(2) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, :bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]
+ *   h.flatten(3) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, [:bah]]
+ *   h.flatten(4) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
+ *   h.flatten(5) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
  *
  *  With negative integer +depth+,
  *  flattens all levels:
  *
- *    h.flatten(-1) # => [:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
+ *    h.flatten(-1) # => [:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}, :bat, :bam, :bap, :bah]
  *
  *  With +depth+ zero,
  *  returns the equivalent of #to_a:
  *
- *    h.flatten(0) # => [[:foo, {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}], [:bat, [:bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]]]
+ *    h.flatten(0) # => [[:foo, {bar: 1, baz: 2}], [:bat, [:bam, [:bap, [:bah]]]]]
  *
  *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Converting].
  */
@@ -4370,7 +4563,7 @@ delete_if_nil(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: nil, baz: 2, bat: nil}
  *    h.compact # => {foo: 0, baz: 2}
  *
- * Related: see {Methods for Deleting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Deleting].
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Deleting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Deleting].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4425,7 +4618,7 @@ rb_hash_compact_bang(VALUE hash)
  *  returns +self+:
  *
  *  By default, two keys are considered to be the same key
- *  if and only if they are _equal_ objects (per method #==):
+ *  if and only if they are _equal_ objects (per method #eql?):
  *
  *    h = {}
  *    h['x'] = 0
@@ -4476,10 +4669,12 @@ rb_hash_compare_by_id(VALUE hash)
 
         // We know for sure `identtable` is an st table,
         // so we can skip `ar_force_convert_table` here.
-        RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, identtable);
+        rb_hash_st_table_set(hash, identtable);
         RHASH_ST_CLEAR(tmp);
     }
 
+    rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(hash);
+
     return hash;
 }
 
@@ -4509,6 +4704,7 @@ rb_ident_hash_new(void)
 {
     VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
     hash_st_table_init(hash, &identhash, 0);
+    rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(hash);
     return hash;
 }
 
@@ -4517,6 +4713,7 @@ rb_ident_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size)
 {
     VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
     hash_st_table_init(hash, &identhash, size);
+    rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(hash);
     return hash;
 }
 
@@ -4658,7 +4855,7 @@ rb_hash_any_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
  *    h.dig(:hello) # => nil
  *    h.default_proc = -> (hash, _key) { hash }
  *    h.dig(:hello, :world)
- *    # => {:foo=>{:bar=>[:a, :b, :c]}}
+ *    # => {foo: {bar: [:a, :b, :c]}}
  *
  *  Related: {Methods for Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Fetching].
  */
@@ -4695,10 +4892,9 @@ hash_le(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self <= other_hash -> true or false
+ *    self <= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the entries of +self+ are a subset of the entries of +other_hash+,
- *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *  Returns whether the entries of +self+ are a subset of the entries of +other+:
  *
  *    h0 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
  *    h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
@@ -4706,7 +4902,7 @@ hash_le(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
  *    h0 <= h1 # => true
  *    h1 <= h0 # => false
  *
- *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:hash_inclusion.rdoc].
+ *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:language/hash_inclusion.rdoc].
  *
  *  Raises TypeError if +other_hash+ is not a hash and cannot be converted to a hash.
  *
@@ -4722,20 +4918,19 @@ rb_hash_le(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self < other_hash -> true or false
+ *    self < other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the entries of +self+ are a proper subset of the entries of +other_hash+,
- *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *  Returns whether the entries of +self+ are a proper subset of the entries of +other+:
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
  *    h < {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2} # => true   # Proper subset.
  *    h < {baz: 2, bar: 1, foo: 0} # => true   # Order may differ.
  *    h < h                        # => false  # Not a proper subset.
  *    h < {bar: 1, foo: 0}         # => false  # Not a proper subset.
- *    h < {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2} # => false  # Different key.
- *    h < {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2} # => false  # Different value.
+ *    h < {foo: 0, bat: 1, baz: 2} # => false  # Different key.
+ *    h < {foo: 0, bar: 3, baz: 2} # => false  # Different value.
  *
- *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:hash_inclusion.rdoc].
+ *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:language/hash_inclusion.rdoc].
  *
  *  Raises TypeError if +other_hash+ is not a hash and cannot be converted to a hash.
  *
@@ -4751,10 +4946,9 @@ rb_hash_lt(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self >= other_hash -> true or false
+ *    self >= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the entries of +self+ are a superset of the entries of +other_hash+,
- *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *  Returns whether the entries of +self+ are a superset of the entries of +other+:
  *
  *    h0 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
@@ -4762,7 +4956,7 @@ rb_hash_lt(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
  *    h0 >= h0 # => true
  *    h1 >= h0 # => false
  *
- *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:hash_inclusion.rdoc].
+ *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:language/hash_inclusion.rdoc].
  *
  *  Raises TypeError if +other_hash+ is not a hash and cannot be converted to a hash.
  *
@@ -4778,20 +4972,19 @@ rb_hash_ge(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self > other_hash -> true or false
+ *    self > other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the entries of +self+ are a proper superset of the entries of +other_hash+,
- *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *  Returns whether the entries of +self+ are a proper superset of the entries of +other+:
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h > {foo: 0, bar: 1}         # => true   # Proper superset.
  *    h > {bar: 1, foo: 0}         # => true   # Order may differ.
  *    h > h                        # => false  # Not a proper superset.
  *    h > {baz: 2, bar: 1, foo: 0} # => false  # Not a proper superset.
- *    h > {foo: 0, bar: 1}         # => false  # Different key.
- *    h > {foo: 0, bar: 1}         # => false  # Different value.
+ *    h > {foo: 0, bat: 1}         # => false  # Different key.
+ *    h > {foo: 0, bar: 3}         # => false  # Different value.
  *
- *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:hash_inclusion.rdoc].
+ *  See {Hash Inclusion}[rdoc-ref:language/hash_inclusion.rdoc].
  *
  *  Raises TypeError if +other_hash+ is not a hash and cannot be converted to a hash.
  *
@@ -4817,12 +5010,17 @@ hash_proc_call(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(key, hash))
  *    to_proc -> proc
  *
  *  Returns a Proc object that maps a key to its value:
+ *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    proc = h.to_proc
  *    proc.class # => Proc
  *    proc.call(:foo) # => 0
  *    proc.call(:bar) # => 1
  *    proc.call(:nosuch) # => nil
+ *    h.default_proc = proc { |hash, key| "Missing key: #{key}" } # This affect the existing proc object
+ *    proc.call(:nosuch) # => "Missing key: #{nosuch}"
+ *
+ *  Related: see {Methods for Converting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Converting].
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_hash_to_proc(VALUE hash)
@@ -4840,10 +5038,8 @@ rb_hash_deconstruct_keys(VALUE hash, VALUE keys)
 static int
 add_new_i(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int existing)
 {
-    VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
     if (existing) return ST_STOP;
-    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(args[0], Qundef, (VALUE)*key);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(args[0], (VALUE *)val, args[1]);
+    *val = arg;
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -4855,22 +5051,25 @@ int
 rb_hash_add_new_element(VALUE hash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
 {
     st_table *tbl;
-    int ret = 0;
-    VALUE args[2];
-    args[0] = hash;
-    args[1] = val;
+    int ret = -1;
 
     if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
-        ret = ar_update(hash, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)args);
-        if (ret != -1) {
-            return ret;
+        ret = ar_update(hash, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)val);
+        if (ret == -1) {
+            ar_force_convert_table(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__);
         }
-        ar_force_convert_table(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__);
     }
 
-    tbl = RHASH_TBL_RAW(hash);
-    return st_update(tbl, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)args);
-
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        tbl = RHASH_TBL_RAW(hash);
+        ret = st_update(tbl, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)val);
+    }
+    if (!ret) {
+        // Newly inserted
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, key);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, val);
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static st_data_t
@@ -4910,6 +5109,14 @@ rb_hash_bulk_insert(long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
     }
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_hash_new_with_bulk_insert(long argc, const VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE val = rb_hash_new_with_size(argc / 2);
+    rb_hash_bulk_insert(argc, argv, val);
+    return val;
+}
+
 static char **origenviron;
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define GET_ENVIRON(e) ((e) = rb_w32_get_environ())
@@ -4937,8 +5144,7 @@ extern char **environ;
 #define ENVNMATCH(s1, s2, n) (memcmp((s1), (s2), (n)) == 0)
 #endif
 
-#define ENV_LOCK()   RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER()
-#define ENV_UNLOCK() RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE()
+#define ENV_LOCKING() RB_VM_LOCKING()
 
 static inline rb_encoding *
 env_encoding(void)
@@ -4960,28 +5166,27 @@ env_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-env_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
+env_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
-    return env_enc_str_new(ptr, len, env_encoding());
+    return env_enc_str_new(ptr, len, enc);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-env_str_new2(const char *ptr)
+env_str_new2(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     if (!ptr) return Qnil;
-    return env_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr));
+    return env_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr), enc);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 getenv_with_lock(const char *name)
 {
     VALUE ret;
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         const char *val = getenv(name);
-        ret = env_str_new2(val);
+        ret = env_str_new2(val, enc);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4990,11 +5195,9 @@ has_env_with_lock(const char *name)
 {
     const char *val;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         val = getenv(name);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return val ? true : false;
 }
@@ -5144,7 +5347,7 @@ static VALUE
 env_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 {
     VALUE key;
-    long block_given;
+    int block_given;
     const char *nam;
     VALUE env;
 
@@ -5167,6 +5370,42 @@ env_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
     return env;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   ENV.fetch_values(*names) -> array of values
+ *   ENV.fetch_values(*names) {|name| ... } -> array of values
+ *
+ * Returns an Array containing the environment variable values associated with
+ * the given names:
+ *   ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
+ *   ENV.fetch_values('foo', 'baz') # => ["0", "2"]
+ *
+ * Otherwise if a block is given yields +name+ to
+ * the block and returns the block's return value:
+ *   ENV.fetch_values('foo', 'bam') {|key| key.to_s} # => ["0", "bam"]
+ *
+ * Raises KeyError if +name+ is valid, but not found and block is not given:
+ *   ENV.fetch_values('foo', 'bam') # Raises KeyError (key not found: "bam")
+ *
+ * Returns an empty Array if no names given.
+ *
+ * Raises an exception if any name is invalid.
+ * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+env_fetch_values(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ehash)
+{
+    VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+    long i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
+        rb_ary_push(result, env_fetch(1, &argv[i], ehash));
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 #if defined(_WIN32) || (defined(HAVE_SETENV) && defined(HAVE_UNSETENV))
 #elif defined __sun
 static int
@@ -5244,13 +5483,11 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
         *wvalue = L'\0';
     }
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         /* Use _wputenv_s() instead of SetEnvironmentVariableW() to make sure
          * special variables like "TZ" are interpret by libc. */
         failed = _wputenv_s(wname, wvalue);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     ALLOCV_END(buf);
     /* even if putenv() failed, clean up and try to delete the
@@ -5267,28 +5504,22 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
 #elif defined(HAVE_SETENV) && defined(HAVE_UNSETENV)
     if (value) {
         int ret;
-        ENV_LOCK();
-        {
+        ENV_LOCKING() {
             ret = setenv(name, value, 1);
         }
-        ENV_UNLOCK();
 
         if (ret) rb_sys_fail_sprintf("setenv(%s)", name);
     }
     else {
 #ifdef VOID_UNSETENV
-        ENV_LOCK();
-        {
+        ENV_LOCKING() {
             unsetenv(name);
         }
-        ENV_UNLOCK();
 #else
         int ret;
-        ENV_LOCK();
-        {
+        ENV_LOCKING() {
             ret = unsetenv(name);
         }
-        ENV_UNLOCK();
 
         if (ret) rb_sys_fail_sprintf("unsetenv(%s)", name);
 #endif
@@ -5311,8 +5542,7 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
         snprintf(mem_ptr, mem_size, "%s=%s", name, value);
     }
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         for (env_ptr = GET_ENVIRON(environ); (str = *env_ptr) != 0; ++env_ptr) {
             if (!strncmp(str, name, len) && str[len] == '=') {
                 if (!in_origenv(str)) free(str);
@@ -5321,15 +5551,12 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
             }
         }
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     if (value) {
         int ret;
-        ENV_LOCK();
-        {
+        ENV_LOCKING() {
             ret = putenv(mem_ptr);
         }
-        ENV_UNLOCK();
 
         if (ret) {
             free(mem_ptr);
@@ -5340,8 +5567,7 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
     size_t len;
     int i;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         i = envix(name);		/* where does it go? */
 
         if (environ == origenviron) {	/* need we copy environment? */
@@ -5382,7 +5608,6 @@ ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
 
       finish:;
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 #endif /* WIN32 */
 }
 
@@ -5467,8 +5692,7 @@ env_keys(int raw)
     rb_encoding *enc = raw ? 0 : rb_locale_encoding();
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
@@ -5482,7 +5706,6 @@ env_keys(int raw)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -5512,8 +5735,7 @@ rb_env_size(VALUE ehash, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
     char **env;
     long cnt = 0;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         for (; *env ; ++env) {
             if (strchr(*env, '=')) {
@@ -5522,7 +5744,6 @@ rb_env_size(VALUE ehash, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return LONG2FIX(cnt);
 }
@@ -5563,20 +5784,19 @@ env_values(void)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
 
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
             if (s) {
-                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
+                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1, enc));
             }
             env++;
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -5657,21 +5877,20 @@ env_each_pair(VALUE ehash)
 
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
 
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
             if (s) {
-                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new(*env, s-*env));
-                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
+                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new(*env, s-*env, enc));
+                rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1, enc));
             }
             env++;
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable()) {
         for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
@@ -6011,8 +6230,7 @@ env_inspect(VALUE _)
     VALUE str = rb_str_buf_new2("{");
     rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             const char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
@@ -6030,7 +6248,6 @@ env_inspect(VALUE _)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "}");
 
@@ -6051,20 +6268,19 @@ env_to_a(VALUE _)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
             if (s) {
-                rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(env_str_new(*env, s-*env),
-                                              env_str_new2(s+1)));
+                rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(env_str_new(*env, s-*env, enc),
+                                              env_str_new2(s+1, enc)));
             }
             env++;
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -6088,13 +6304,11 @@ env_size_with_lock(void)
 {
     int i = 0;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (env[i]) i++;
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return i;
 }
@@ -6130,15 +6344,13 @@ env_empty_p(VALUE _)
 {
     bool empty = true;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         if (env[0] != 0) {
             empty = false;
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return RBOOL(empty);
 }
@@ -6227,8 +6439,7 @@ env_has_value(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
 
     VALUE ret = Qfalse;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
@@ -6243,7 +6454,6 @@ env_has_value(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -6270,13 +6480,12 @@ env_rassoc(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
 
     VALUE result = Qnil;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
 
         while (*env) {
             const char *p = *env;
-            char *s = strchr(p, '=');
+            const char *s = strchr(p, '=');
             if (s++) {
                 long len = strlen(s);
                 if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
@@ -6288,7 +6497,6 @@ env_rassoc(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return result;
 }
@@ -6315,15 +6523,15 @@ env_key(VALUE dmy, VALUE value)
     StringValue(value);
     VALUE str = Qnil;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
             if (s++) {
                 long len = strlen(s);
                 if (RSTRING_LEN(value) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(value), len) == 0) {
-                    str = env_str_new(*env, s-*env-1);
+                    str = env_str_new(*env, s-*env-1, enc);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -6331,7 +6539,6 @@ env_key(VALUE dmy, VALUE value)
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -6341,20 +6548,19 @@ env_to_hash(void)
 {
     VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         while (*env) {
             char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
             if (s) {
-                rb_hash_aset(hash, env_str_new(*env, s-*env),
-                             env_str_new2(s+1));
+                rb_hash_aset(hash, env_str_new(*env, s-*env, enc),
+                             env_str_new2(s+1, enc));
             }
             env++;
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     return hash;
 }
@@ -6494,21 +6700,20 @@ env_shift(VALUE _)
     VALUE result = Qnil;
     VALUE key = Qnil;
 
-    ENV_LOCK();
-    {
+    rb_encoding *enc = env_encoding();
+    ENV_LOCKING() {
         char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
         if (*env) {
             const char *p = *env;
-            char *s = strchr(p, '=');
+            const char *s = strchr(p, '=');
             if (s) {
-                key = env_str_new(p, s-p);
-                VALUE val = env_str_new2(getenv(RSTRING_PTR(key)));
+                key = env_str_new(p, s-p, enc);
+                VALUE val = env_str_new2(getenv(RSTRING_PTR(key)), enc);
                 result = rb_assoc_new(key, val);
             }
         }
         FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
     }
-    ENV_UNLOCK();
 
     if (!NIL_P(key)) {
         env_delete(key);
@@ -6719,27 +6924,28 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
 };
 
 /*
- *  A +Hash+ maps each of its unique keys to a specific value.
+ *  A \Hash object maps each of its unique keys to a specific value.
  *
- *  A +Hash+ has certain similarities to an Array, but:
- *  - An Array index is always an Integer.
- *  - A +Hash+ key can be (almost) any object.
+ *  A hash has certain similarities to an Array, but:
  *
- *  === +Hash+ \Data Syntax
+ *  - An array index is always an integer.
+ *  - A hash key can be (almost) any object.
  *
- *  The older syntax for +Hash+ data uses the "hash rocket," <tt>=></tt>:
+ *  === \Hash \Data Syntax
+ *
+ *  The original syntax for a hash entry uses the "hash rocket," <tt>=></tt>:
  *
  *    h = {:foo => 0, :bar => 1, :baz => 2}
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
- *  Alternatively, but only for a +Hash+ key that's a Symbol,
+ *  Alternatively, but only for a key that's a symbol,
  *  you can use a newer JSON-style syntax,
- *  where each bareword becomes a Symbol:
+ *  where each bareword becomes a symbol:
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
- *  You can also use a String in place of a bareword:
+ *  You can also use a string in place of a bareword:
  *
  *    h = {'foo': 0, 'bar': 1, 'baz': 2}
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
@@ -6750,12 +6956,12 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
  *  But it's an error to try the JSON-style syntax
- *  for a key that's not a bareword or a String:
+ *  for a key that's not a bareword or a string:
  *
  *    # Raises SyntaxError (syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting =>):
  *    h = {0: 'zero'}
  *
- *  +Hash+ value can be omitted, meaning that value will be fetched from the context
+ *  The value can be omitted, meaning that value will be fetched from the context
  *  by the name of the key:
  *
  *    x = 0
@@ -6765,24 +6971,24 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *
  *  === Common Uses
  *
- *  You can use a +Hash+ to give names to objects:
+ *  You can use a hash to give names to objects:
  *
  *    person = {name: 'Matz', language: 'Ruby'}
  *    person # => {name: "Matz", language: "Ruby"}
  *
- *  You can use a +Hash+ to give names to method arguments:
+ *  You can use a hash to give names to method arguments:
  *
  *    def some_method(hash)
  *      p hash
  *    end
  *    some_method({foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}) # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
- *  Note: when the last argument in a method call is a +Hash+,
+ *  Note: when the last argument in a method call is a hash,
  *  the curly braces may be omitted:
  *
  *    some_method(foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2) # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
- *  You can use a +Hash+ to initialize an object:
+ *  You can use a hash to initialize an object:
  *
  *    class Dev
  *      attr_accessor :name, :language
@@ -6794,57 +7000,49 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *    matz = Dev.new(name: 'Matz', language: 'Ruby')
  *    matz # => #<Dev: @name="Matz", @language="Ruby">
  *
- *  === Creating a +Hash+
+ *  === Creating a \Hash
  *
- *  You can create a +Hash+ object explicitly with:
+ *  You can create a \Hash object explicitly with:
  *
  *  - A {hash literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Hash+Literals].
  *
- *  You can convert certain objects to Hashes with:
- *
- *  - Method #Hash.
+ *  You can convert certain objects to hashes with:
  *
- *  You can create a +Hash+ by calling method Hash.new.
+ *  - Method Kernel#Hash.
  *
- *  Create an empty +Hash+:
+ *  You can create a hash by calling method Hash.new:
  *
+ *    # Create an empty hash.
  *    h = Hash.new
  *    h # => {}
  *    h.class # => Hash
  *
- *  You can create a +Hash+ by calling method Hash.[].
- *
- *  Create an empty +Hash+:
+ *  You can create a hash by calling method Hash.[]:
  *
+ *    # Create an empty hash.
  *    h = Hash[]
  *    h # => {}
- *
- *  Create a +Hash+ with initial entries:
- *
+ *    # Create a hash with initial entries.
  *    h = Hash[foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2]
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
- *  You can create a +Hash+ by using its literal form (curly braces).
- *
- *  Create an empty +Hash+:
+ *  You can create a hash by using its literal form (curly braces):
  *
+ *    # Create an empty hash.
  *    h = {}
  *    h # => {}
- *
- *  Create a +Hash+ with initial entries:
- *
+ *    # Create a +Hash+ with initial entries.
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *
+ *  === \Hash Value Basics
  *
- *  === +Hash+ Value Basics
- *
- *  The simplest way to retrieve a +Hash+ value (instance method #[]):
+ *  The simplest way to retrieve a hash value (instance method #[]):
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h[:foo] # => 0
  *
- *  The simplest way to create or update a +Hash+ value (instance method #[]=):
+ *  The simplest way to create or update a hash value (instance method #[]=):
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h[:bat] = 3 # => 3
@@ -6852,7 +7050,7 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *    h[:foo] = 4 # => 4
  *    h # => {foo: 4, bar: 1, baz: 2, bat: 3}
  *
- *  The simplest way to delete a +Hash+ entry (instance method #delete):
+ *  The simplest way to delete a hash entry (instance method #delete):
  *
  *    h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
  *    h.delete(:bar) # => 1
@@ -6860,13 +7058,13 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *
  *  === Entry Order
  *
- *  A +Hash+ object presents its entries in the order of their creation. This is seen in:
+ *  A \Hash object presents its entries in the order of their creation. This is seen in:
  *
  *  - Iterative methods such as <tt>each</tt>, <tt>each_key</tt>, <tt>each_pair</tt>, <tt>each_value</tt>.
  *  - Other order-sensitive methods such as <tt>shift</tt>, <tt>keys</tt>, <tt>values</tt>.
- *  - The String returned by method <tt>inspect</tt>.
+ *  - The string returned by method <tt>inspect</tt>.
  *
- *  A new +Hash+ has its initial ordering per the given entries:
+ *  A new hash has its initial ordering per the given entries:
  *
  *    h = Hash[foo: 0, bar: 1]
  *    h # => {foo: 0, bar: 1}
@@ -7065,8 +7263,8 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *
  *  First, what's elsewhere. Class +Hash+:
  *
- *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
+ *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+ *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats+Here],
  *    which provides dozens of additional methods.
  *
  *  Here, class +Hash+ provides methods that are useful for:
@@ -7130,7 +7328,7 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *  - #keys: Returns an array containing all keys in +self+.
  *  - #rassoc: Returns a 2-element array consisting of the key and value
  *    of the first-found entry having a given value.
- *  - #values: Returns an array containing all values in +self+/
+ *  - #values: Returns an array containing all values in +self+.
  *  - #values_at: Returns an array containing values for given keys.
  *
  *  ==== Methods for Assigning
@@ -7179,7 +7377,6 @@ static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
  *
  *  ==== Methods for Transforming Keys and Values
  *
- *  - #flatten!: Returns +self+, flattened.
  *  - #invert: Returns a hash with the each key-value pair inverted.
  *  - #transform_keys: Returns a copy of +self+ with modified keys.
  *  - #transform_keys!: Modifies keys in +self+
@@ -7291,7 +7488,8 @@ Init_Hash(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "ruby2_keywords_hash?", rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash_p, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "ruby2_keywords_hash", rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash, 1);
 
-    rb_cHash_empty_frozen = rb_hash_freeze(rb_hash_new());
+    rb_cHash_empty_frozen = rb_hash_freeze(rb_hash_alloc_fixed_size(rb_cHash, 0));
+    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(rb_cHash_empty_frozen);
     rb_vm_register_global_object(rb_cHash_empty_frozen);
 
     /* Document-class: ENV
@@ -7377,8 +7575,8 @@ Init_Hash(void)
      *
      * First, what's elsewhere. Class +ENV+:
      *
-     * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
-     * - Extends {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
+     * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+     * - Extends {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats+Here],
      *
      * Here, class +ENV+ provides methods that are useful for:
      *
@@ -7427,9 +7625,10 @@ Init_Hash(void)
      *
      * - ::assoc: Returns a 2-element array containing the name and value
      *   of the named environment variable if it exists:
-     * - ::clone: Returns +ENV+ (and issues a warning).
+     * - ::clone: Raises an exception.
      * - ::except: Returns a hash of all name/value pairs except those given.
      * - ::fetch: Returns the value for the given name.
+     * - ::fetch_values: Returns array containing the values associated with given names.
      * - ::inspect: Returns the contents of +ENV+ as a string.
      * - ::invert: Returns a hash whose keys are the +ENV+ values,
          and whose values are the corresponding +ENV+ names.
@@ -7461,11 +7660,11 @@ Init_Hash(void)
     origenviron = environ;
     envtbl = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cObject, &env_data_type, NULL);
     rb_extend_object(envtbl, rb_mEnumerable);
-    FL_SET_RAW(envtbl, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE);
-
+    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(envtbl);
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "[]", rb_f_getenv, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "fetch", env_fetch, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "fetch_values", env_fetch_values, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "[]=", env_aset_m, 2);
     rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "store", env_aset_m, 2);
     rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "each", env_each_pair, 0);
diff --git a/hash.rb b/hash.rb
index 99b34a9bda..40f823783e 100644
--- a/hash.rb
+++ b/hash.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class Hash
   #
   # Initializes the values of Hash#default and Hash#default_proc,
   # which determine the behavior when a given key is not found;
-  # see {Key Not Found?}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Key+Not+Found-3F].
+  # see {Key Not Found?}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Key+Not+Found].
   #
   # By default, a hash has +nil+ values for both +default+ and +default_proc+:
   #
diff --git a/id_table.c b/id_table.c
index 6bb067d09a..299b7d3ae5 100644
--- a/id_table.c
+++ b/id_table.c
@@ -38,16 +38,9 @@ typedef struct rb_id_item {
     VALUE    val;
 } item_t;
 
-struct rb_id_table {
-    int capa;
-    int num;
-    int used;
-    item_t *items;
-};
-
 #if SIZEOF_VALUE == 8
 #define ITEM_GET_KEY(tbl, i) ((tbl)->items[i].key)
-#define ITEM_KEY_ISSET(tbl, i) ((tbl)->items[i].key)
+#define ITEM_KEY_ISSET(tbl, i) ((tbl)->items && (tbl)->items[i].key)
 #define ITEM_COLLIDED(tbl, i) ((tbl)->items[i].collision)
 #define ITEM_SET_COLLIDED(tbl, i) ((tbl)->items[i].collision = 1)
 static inline void
@@ -80,9 +73,10 @@ round_capa(int capa)
     return (capa + 1) << 2;
 }
 
-static struct rb_id_table *
-rb_id_table_init(struct rb_id_table *tbl, int capa)
+struct rb_id_table *
+rb_id_table_init(struct rb_id_table *tbl, size_t s_capa)
 {
+    int capa = (int)s_capa;
     MEMZERO(tbl, struct rb_id_table, 1);
     if (capa > 0) {
         capa = round_capa(capa);
@@ -96,7 +90,13 @@ struct rb_id_table *
 rb_id_table_create(size_t capa)
 {
     struct rb_id_table *tbl = ALLOC(struct rb_id_table);
-    return rb_id_table_init(tbl, (int)capa);
+    return rb_id_table_init(tbl, capa);
+}
+
+void
+rb_id_table_free_items(struct rb_id_table *tbl)
+{
+    xfree(tbl->items);
 }
 
 void
@@ -291,6 +291,10 @@ rb_id_table_foreach_values(struct rb_id_table *tbl, rb_id_table_foreach_values_f
 {
     int i, capa = tbl->capa;
 
+    if (!tbl->items) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     for (i=0; i<capa; i++) {
         if (ITEM_KEY_ISSET(tbl, i)) {
             enum rb_id_table_iterator_result ret = (*func)(tbl->items[i].val, data);
@@ -324,3 +328,185 @@ rb_id_table_foreach_values_with_replace(struct rb_id_table *tbl, rb_id_table_for
     }
 }
 
+static void
+managed_id_table_free(void *data)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = (struct rb_id_table *)data;
+    rb_id_table_free_items(tbl);
+}
+
+static size_t
+managed_id_table_memsize(const void *data)
+{
+    const struct rb_id_table *tbl = (const struct rb_id_table *)data;
+    return rb_id_table_memsize(tbl) - sizeof(struct rb_id_table);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t rb_managed_id_table_type = {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "VM/managed_id_table",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = NULL, // Nothing to mark
+        .dfree = managed_id_table_free,
+        .dsize = managed_id_table_memsize,
+    },
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
+};
+
+static inline struct rb_id_table *
+managed_id_table_ptr(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_DATA));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_typeddata_inherited_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj), &rb_managed_id_table_type));
+
+    return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_managed_id_table_create(const rb_data_type_t *type, size_t capa)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct rb_id_table, type, tbl);
+    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(obj);
+    rb_id_table_init(tbl, capa); // NOTE: this can cause GC, so dmark and dsize need to check tbl->items
+    return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_managed_id_table_new(size_t capa)
+{
+    return rb_managed_id_table_create(&rb_managed_id_table_type, capa);
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+managed_id_table_dup_i(ID id, VALUE val, void *data)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *new_tbl = (struct rb_id_table *)data;
+    rb_id_table_insert(new_tbl, id, val);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_managed_id_table_dup(VALUE old_table)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *new_tbl;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct rb_id_table, RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(old_table), new_tbl);
+    struct rb_id_table *old_tbl = managed_id_table_ptr(old_table);
+    rb_id_table_init(new_tbl, old_tbl->num + 1);
+    rb_id_table_foreach(old_tbl, managed_id_table_dup_i, new_tbl);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+int
+rb_managed_id_table_lookup(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE *valp)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_lookup(managed_id_table_ptr(table), id, valp);
+}
+
+int
+rb_managed_id_table_insert(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE val)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_insert(managed_id_table_ptr(table), id, val);
+}
+
+size_t
+rb_managed_id_table_size(VALUE table)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_size(managed_id_table_ptr(table));
+}
+
+void
+rb_managed_id_table_foreach(VALUE table, rb_id_table_foreach_func_t *func, void *data)
+{
+    rb_id_table_foreach(managed_id_table_ptr(table), func, data);
+}
+
+void
+rb_managed_id_table_foreach_values(VALUE table, rb_id_table_foreach_values_func_t *func, void *data)
+{
+    rb_id_table_foreach_values(managed_id_table_ptr(table), func, data);
+}
+
+int
+rb_managed_id_table_delete(VALUE table, ID id)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_delete(managed_id_table_ptr(table), id);
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+marked_id_table_mark_i(VALUE val, void *data)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(val);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+marked_id_table_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = (struct rb_id_table *)ptr;
+    rb_id_table_foreach_values(tbl, marked_id_table_mark_i, NULL);
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+marked_id_table_compact_check_i(VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    if (rb_gc_location(value) != value) {
+        return ID_TABLE_REPLACE;
+    }
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+marked_id_table_compact_replace_i(VALUE *value, void *data, int existing)
+{
+    *value = rb_gc_location(*value);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+marked_id_table_compact(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = (struct rb_id_table *)ptr;
+    rb_id_table_foreach_values_with_replace(tbl, marked_id_table_compact_check_i, marked_id_table_compact_replace_i, NULL);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t rb_marked_id_table_type = {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "VM/marked_id_table",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = marked_id_table_mark,
+        .dfree = managed_id_table_free,
+        .dsize = managed_id_table_memsize,
+        .dcompact = marked_id_table_compact,
+    },
+    .parent = &rb_managed_id_table_type,
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
+};
+
+VALUE
+rb_marked_id_table_new(size_t capa)
+{
+    return rb_managed_id_table_create(&rb_marked_id_table_type, capa);
+}
+
+int
+rb_marked_id_table_insert(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE val)
+{
+    int result = rb_managed_id_table_insert(table, id, val);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(table, Qundef, val);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+marked_id_table_dup_i(VALUE val, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE new_table = (VALUE)data;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(new_table, Qundef, val);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_marked_id_table_dup(VALUE old_table)
+{
+    VALUE new_table = rb_managed_id_table_dup(old_table);
+    rb_managed_id_table_foreach_values(new_table, marked_id_table_dup_i, (void *)new_table);
+    return new_table;
+}
diff --git a/id_table.h b/id_table.h
index f72e2d1d92..c4333bea98 100644
--- a/id_table.h
+++ b/id_table.h
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
-struct rb_id_table;
+struct rb_id_item;
+
+struct rb_id_table {
+    int capa;
+    int num;
+    int used;
+    struct rb_id_item *items;
+};
 
 /* compatible with ST_* */
 enum rb_id_table_iterator_result {
@@ -16,7 +23,10 @@ enum rb_id_table_iterator_result {
 };
 
 struct rb_id_table *rb_id_table_create(size_t size);
+struct rb_id_table *rb_id_table_init(struct rb_id_table *tbl, size_t capa);
+
 void rb_id_table_free(struct rb_id_table *tbl);
+void rb_id_table_free_items(struct rb_id_table *tbl);
 void rb_id_table_clear(struct rb_id_table *tbl);
 
 size_t rb_id_table_memsize(const struct rb_id_table *tbl);
@@ -32,6 +42,28 @@ void rb_id_table_foreach(struct rb_id_table *tbl, rb_id_table_foreach_func_t *fu
 void rb_id_table_foreach_values(struct rb_id_table *tbl, rb_id_table_foreach_values_func_t *func, void *data);
 void rb_id_table_foreach_values_with_replace(struct rb_id_table *tbl, rb_id_table_foreach_values_func_t *func, rb_id_table_update_value_callback_func_t *replace, void *data);
 
+VALUE rb_managed_id_table_create(const rb_data_type_t *type, size_t capa);
+VALUE rb_managed_id_table_new(size_t capa);
+VALUE rb_managed_id_table_dup(VALUE table);
+int rb_managed_id_table_insert(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE val);
+int rb_managed_id_table_lookup(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE *valp);
+size_t rb_managed_id_table_size(VALUE table);
+void rb_managed_id_table_foreach(VALUE table, rb_id_table_foreach_func_t *func, void *data);
+void rb_managed_id_table_foreach_values(VALUE table, rb_id_table_foreach_values_func_t *func, void *data);
+int rb_managed_id_table_delete(VALUE table, ID id);
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t rb_managed_id_table_type;
+
+VALUE rb_marked_id_table_new(size_t capa);
+int rb_marked_id_table_insert(VALUE table, ID id, VALUE val);
+VALUE rb_marked_id_table_dup(VALUE table);
+
+// alisases
+#define rb_marked_id_table_size             rb_managed_id_table_size
+#define rb_marked_id_table_lookup           rb_managed_id_table_lookup
+#define rb_marked_id_table_foreach          rb_managed_id_table_foreach
+#define rb_marked_id_table_foreach_values   rb_managed_id_table_foreach_values
+
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 size_t rb_id_table_size(const struct rb_id_table *tbl);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
diff --git a/imemo.c b/imemo.c
index f573967817..796e078c89 100644
--- a/imemo.c
+++ b/imemo.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/imemo.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/st.h"
 #include "vm_callinfo.h"
 
 size_t rb_iseq_memsize(const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@ rb_imemo_name(enum imemo_type type)
     // put no default case to get a warning if an imemo type is missing
     switch (type) {
 #define IMEMO_NAME(x) case imemo_##x: return #x;
-        IMEMO_NAME(ast);
         IMEMO_NAME(callcache);
         IMEMO_NAME(callinfo);
         IMEMO_NAME(constcache);
@@ -25,14 +26,16 @@ rb_imemo_name(enum imemo_type type)
         IMEMO_NAME(iseq);
         IMEMO_NAME(memo);
         IMEMO_NAME(ment);
-        IMEMO_NAME(parser_strterm);
         IMEMO_NAME(svar);
         IMEMO_NAME(throw_data);
         IMEMO_NAME(tmpbuf);
+        IMEMO_NAME(cvar_entry);
+        IMEMO_NAME(fields);
+        IMEMO_NAME(subclasses);
+        IMEMO_NAME(cdhash);
 #undef IMEMO_NAME
-      default:
-        rb_bug("unreachable");
     }
+    rb_bug("unreachable");
 }
 
 /* =========================================================================
@@ -40,73 +43,225 @@ rb_imemo_name(enum imemo_type type)
  * ========================================================================= */
 
 VALUE
-rb_imemo_new(enum imemo_type type, VALUE v0, size_t size)
+rb_imemo_new(enum imemo_type type, VALUE v0, size_t size, bool is_shareable)
 {
-    VALUE flags = T_IMEMO | FL_WB_PROTECTED | (type << FL_USHIFT);
-    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, void, v0, flags, size, 0);
-
-    return (VALUE)obj;
+    VALUE flags = T_IMEMO | (type << FL_USHIFT) | (is_shareable ? FL_SHAREABLE : 0);
+    return rb_newobj_of(v0, flags, size);
 }
 
-static rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *
+VALUE
 rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new(void)
 {
-    size_t size = sizeof(struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_struct);
     VALUE flags = T_IMEMO | (imemo_tmpbuf << FL_USHIFT);
-    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_struct, 0, flags, size, 0);
+    UNPROTECTED_NEWOBJ_OF(obj, rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t, 0, flags, sizeof(rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t));
+
+    rb_gc_register_pinning_obj((VALUE)obj);
 
-    return obj;
+    obj->ptr = NULL;
+    obj->size = 0;
+
+    return (VALUE)obj;
 }
 
 void *
-rb_alloc_tmp_buffer_with_count(volatile VALUE *store, size_t size, size_t cnt)
+rb_alloc_tmp_buffer(volatile VALUE *store, long len)
 {
-    void *ptr;
-    rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *tmpbuf;
+    if (len < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative buffer size (or size too big)");
+    }
 
     /* Keep the order; allocate an empty imemo first then xmalloc, to
      * get rid of potential memory leak */
-    tmpbuf = rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new();
+    rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *tmpbuf = (rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new();
     *store = (VALUE)tmpbuf;
-    ptr = ruby_xmalloc(size);
+    void *ptr = ruby_xmalloc(len);
     tmpbuf->ptr = ptr;
-    tmpbuf->cnt = cnt;
+    tmpbuf->size = len;
 
     return ptr;
 }
 
 void *
-rb_alloc_tmp_buffer(volatile VALUE *store, long len)
+rb_alloc_tmp_buffer_with_count(volatile VALUE *store, size_t size, size_t cnt)
 {
-    long cnt;
-
-    if (len < 0 || (cnt = (long)roomof(len, sizeof(VALUE))) < 0) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative buffer size (or size too big)");
-    }
-
-    return rb_alloc_tmp_buffer_with_count(store, len, cnt);
+    return rb_alloc_tmp_buffer(store, (long)size);
 }
 
 void
 rb_free_tmp_buffer(volatile VALUE *store)
 {
+    if (!*store) return;
     rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *s = (rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t*)ATOMIC_VALUE_EXCHANGE(*store, 0);
     if (s) {
         void *ptr = ATOMIC_PTR_EXCHANGE(s->ptr, 0);
-        s->cnt = 0;
-        ruby_xfree(ptr);
+        long size = s->size;
+        s->size = 0;
+        ruby_xfree_sized(ptr, size);
     }
 }
 
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_parser_heap(void *buf, rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *old_heap, size_t cnt)
+struct MEMO *
+rb_imemo_memo_new(VALUE a, VALUE b, long c)
 {
-    rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *tmpbuf = rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new();
-    tmpbuf->ptr = buf;
-    tmpbuf->next = old_heap;
-    tmpbuf->cnt = cnt;
+    struct MEMO *memo = IMEMO_NEW(struct MEMO, imemo_memo, 0);
+
+    *((VALUE *)&memo->v1) = a;
+    *((VALUE *)&memo->v2) = b;
+    memo->u3.cnt = c;
+
+    return memo;
+}
+
+struct MEMO *
+rb_imemo_memo_new_value(VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c)
+{
+    struct MEMO *memo = IMEMO_NEW(struct MEMO, imemo_memo, 0);
+
+    *((VALUE *)&memo->v1) = a;
+    *((VALUE *)&memo->v2) = b;
+    *((VALUE *)&memo->u3.value) = c;
+    memo->flags |= MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE;
 
-    return tmpbuf;
+    return memo;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_cdhash_new(size_t size, const struct st_hash_type *type)
+{
+    struct rb_imemo_cdhash *memo = IMEMO_NEW(struct rb_imemo_cdhash, imemo_cdhash, 0);
+    memo->tbl.num_entries = 0;
+    st_init_existing_table_with_size(&memo->tbl, type, size);
+    return (VALUE)memo;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_fields_new(VALUE owner, shape_id_t shape_id, bool shareable)
+{
+    size_t capa = RSHAPE_CAPACITY(shape_id);
+    size_t embedded_size = offsetof(struct rb_fields, as.embed) + capa * sizeof(VALUE);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(embedded_size));
+    VALUE fields = rb_imemo_new(imemo_fields, owner, embedded_size, shareable);
+    // imemo fields objects should always have "RObject" layout.  The
+    // layout in the shape describes the layout of the thing on which it is set.
+    // Imemo fields have the same layout as robject, therefore the layout
+    // should reflect that fact.
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(fields, rb_shape_id_with_robject_layout(shape_id));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(fields, imemo_fields));
+    return fields;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_fields_new_complex(VALUE owner, shape_id_t shape_id, size_t capa, bool shareable)
+{
+    VALUE fields = rb_imemo_new(imemo_fields, owner, sizeof(struct rb_fields), shareable);
+    IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields)->as.complex.table = st_init_numtable_with_size(capa);
+    FL_SET_RAW(fields, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP);
+    // imemo fields objects should always have "RObject" layout.  The
+    // layout in the shape describes the layout of the thing on which it is set.
+    // Imemo fields have the same layout as robject, therefore the layout
+    // should reflect that fact.
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(fields, rb_shape_id_with_robject_layout(shape_id));
+    return fields;
+}
+
+static int
+imemo_fields_trigger_wb_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    VALUE field_obj = (VALUE)arg;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(field_obj, Qundef, (VALUE)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+imemo_fields_complex_wb_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN((VALUE)arg, Qundef, (VALUE)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_fields_new_complex_tbl(VALUE owner, shape_id_t shape_id, st_table *tbl, bool shareable)
+{
+    VALUE fields = rb_imemo_new(imemo_fields, owner, sizeof(struct rb_fields), shareable);
+    IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields)->as.complex.table = tbl;
+    FL_SET_RAW(fields, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP);
+    // imemo fields objects should always have "RObject" layout.  The
+    // layout in the shape describes the layout of the thing on which it is set.
+    // Imemo fields have the same layout as robject, therefore the layout
+    // should reflect that fact.
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(fields, rb_shape_id_with_robject_layout(shape_id));
+    st_foreach(tbl, imemo_fields_trigger_wb_i, (st_data_t)fields);
+    return fields;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_fields_clone(VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    shape_id_t shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(fields_obj);
+    VALUE clone;
+
+    if (rb_shape_complex_p(shape_id)) {
+        st_table *src_table = rb_imemo_fields_complex_tbl(fields_obj);
+
+        st_table *dest_table = xcalloc(1, sizeof(st_table));
+        clone = rb_imemo_fields_new_complex_tbl(rb_imemo_fields_owner(fields_obj), shape_id, dest_table, false /* TODO: check */);
+
+        st_replace(dest_table, src_table);
+
+        st_foreach(dest_table, imemo_fields_complex_wb_i, (st_data_t)clone);
+    }
+    else {
+        clone = rb_imemo_fields_new(rb_imemo_fields_owner(fields_obj), shape_id, false /* TODO: check */);
+        VALUE *fields = rb_imemo_fields_ptr(clone);
+        attr_index_t fields_count = RSHAPE_LEN(shape_id);
+        MEMCPY(fields, rb_imemo_fields_ptr(fields_obj), VALUE, fields_count);
+        for (attr_index_t i = 0; i < fields_count; i++) {
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(clone, Qundef, fields[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return clone;
+}
+
+void
+rb_imemo_fields_clear(VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    // When replacing an imemo/fields by another one, we must clear
+    // its shape so that gc.c:obj_free_object_id won't be called.
+    if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(fields_obj)) {
+        RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(fields_obj, ROOT_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID);
+    }
+    else {
+        RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(fields_obj, ROOT_SHAPE_ID);
+    }
+    // Invalidate the ec->gen_fields_cache.
+    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(fields_obj);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_imemo_subclasses_new(uint32_t capacity)
+{
+    size_t embed_size = offsetof(struct rb_subclasses, as) + capacity * sizeof(VALUE);
+    struct rb_subclasses *subs;
+
+    if (rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(embed_size)) {
+        subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)rb_imemo_new(imemo_subclasses, 0, embed_size, true);
+        subs->count = 0;
+        subs->capacity = capacity;
+        memset(subs->as.embed, 0, capacity * sizeof(VALUE));
+        rb_gc_declare_weak_references((VALUE)subs);
+    }
+    else {
+        subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)rb_imemo_new(imemo_subclasses, 0, sizeof(struct rb_subclasses), true);
+        subs->as.external = NULL;
+        subs->count = 0;
+        subs->capacity = 0;
+        FL_SET_RAW((VALUE)subs, IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP);
+        rb_gc_declare_weak_references((VALUE)subs);
+        subs->as.external = ZALLOC_N(VALUE, capacity);
+        subs->capacity = capacity;
+    }
+    return (VALUE)subs;
 }
 
 /* =========================================================================
@@ -118,10 +273,6 @@ rb_imemo_memsize(VALUE obj)
 {
     size_t size = 0;
     switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
-      case imemo_ast:
-        rb_bug("imemo_ast is obsolete");
-
-        break;
       case imemo_callcache:
         break;
       case imemo_callinfo:
@@ -146,14 +297,32 @@ rb_imemo_memsize(VALUE obj)
         size += sizeof(((rb_method_entry_t *)obj)->def);
 
         break;
-      case imemo_parser_strterm:
-        break;
       case imemo_svar:
         break;
       case imemo_throw_data:
         break;
       case imemo_tmpbuf:
-        size += ((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->cnt * sizeof(VALUE);
+        size += ((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->size;
+
+        break;
+      case imemo_cvar_entry:
+        break;
+      case imemo_fields:
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+            size += st_memsize(IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(obj)->as.complex.table);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      case imemo_subclasses: {
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP)) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)obj;
+            size += subs->capacity * sizeof(VALUE);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case imemo_cdhash:
+        size += st_memsize(rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(obj)) - sizeof(st_table);
 
         break;
       default:
@@ -167,49 +336,10 @@ rb_imemo_memsize(VALUE obj)
  * mark
  * ========================================================================= */
 
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-cc_table_mark_i(VALUE ccs_ptr, void *data)
-{
-    struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs = (struct rb_class_cc_entries *)ccs_ptr;
-    VM_ASSERT(vm_ccs_p(ccs));
-#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0
-    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
-
-    VALUE lookup_val;
-    VM_ASSERT(rb_id_table_lookup(RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass), ccs->cme->called_id, &lookup_val));
-    VM_ASSERT(lookup_val == ccs_ptr);
-#endif
-
-    if (METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(ccs->cme)) {
-        rb_vm_ccs_free(ccs);
-        return ID_TABLE_DELETE;
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_gc_mark_movable((VALUE)ccs->cme);
-
-        for (int i=0; i<ccs->len; i++) {
-            VM_ASSERT(klass == ccs->entries[i].cc->klass);
-            VM_ASSERT(vm_cc_check_cme(ccs->entries[i].cc, ccs->cme));
-
-            rb_gc_mark_movable((VALUE)ccs->entries[i].cc);
-        }
-        return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
-    }
-}
-
-void
-rb_cc_table_mark(VALUE klass)
-{
-    struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
-    if (cc_tbl) {
-        rb_id_table_foreach_values(cc_tbl, cc_table_mark_i, (void *)klass);
-    }
-}
-
 static bool
 moved_or_living_object_strictly_p(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return obj && (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(obj) || BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MOVED);
+    return !SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(obj) || BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_MOVED);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -241,9 +371,8 @@ mark_and_move_method_entry(rb_method_entry_t *ment, bool reference_updating)
             rb_gc_mark_and_move(&def->body.attr.location);
             break;
           case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
-            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&def->body.bmethod.proc);
-            if (!reference_updating) {
-                if (def->body.bmethod.hooks) rb_hook_list_mark(def->body.bmethod.hooks);
+            if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+                rb_gc_mark_and_move(&def->body.bmethod.proc);
             }
             break;
           case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
@@ -267,51 +396,52 @@ void
 rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
 {
     switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
-      case imemo_ast:
-        rb_bug("imemo_ast is obsolete");
-
-        break;
       case imemo_callcache: {
         /* cc is callcache.
          *
          * cc->klass (klass) should not be marked because if the klass is
          * free'ed, the cc->klass will be cleared by `vm_cc_invalidate()`.
          *
-         * cc->cme (cme) should not be marked because if cc is invalidated
-         * when cme is free'ed.
+         * For "normal" CCs cc->cme (cme) should not be marked because the cc is
+         *   invalidated through the klass when the cme is free'd.
          * - klass marks cme if klass uses cme.
-         * - caller classe's ccs->cme marks cc->cme.
-         * - if cc is invalidated (klass doesn't refer the cc),
-         *   cc is invalidated by `vm_cc_invalidate()` and cc->cme is
-         *   not be accessed.
-         * - On the multi-Ractors, cme will be collected with global GC
+         * - caller class's ccs->cme marks cc->cme.
+         * - if cc is invalidated (klass doesn't refer the cc), cc is
+         *   invalidated by `vm_cc_invalidate()` after which cc->cme must not
+         *   be accessed.
+         * - With multi-Ractors, cme will be collected with global GC
          *   so that it is safe if GC is not interleaving while accessing
          *   cc and cme.
-         * - However, cc_type_super and cc_type_refinement are not chained
-         *   from ccs so cc->cme should be marked; the cme might be
-         *   reachable only through cc in these cases.
+         *
+         * However cc_type_super and cc_type_refinement are not chained
+         *   from ccs so cc->cme should be marked as long as the cc is valid;
+         *   the cme might be reachable only through cc in these cases.
          */
         struct rb_callcache *cc = (struct rb_callcache *)obj;
-        if (reference_updating) {
-            if (!cc->klass) {
-                // already invalidated
+        if (UNDEF_P(cc->klass)) {
+            /* If it's invalidated, we must not mark anything.
+             * All fields should are considered invalid
+             */
+        }
+        else if (reference_updating) {
+            if (moved_or_living_object_strictly_p((VALUE)cc->cme_)) {
+                *((VALUE *)&cc->klass) = rb_gc_location(cc->klass);
+                *((struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct **)&cc->cme_) =
+                    (struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *)rb_gc_location((VALUE)cc->cme_);
+
+                RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(cc->klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(cc->klass, T_ICLASS));
+                RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P((VALUE)cc->cme_, imemo_ment));
             }
             else {
-                if (moved_or_living_object_strictly_p(cc->klass) &&
-                        moved_or_living_object_strictly_p((VALUE)cc->cme_)) {
-                    *((VALUE *)&cc->klass) = rb_gc_location(cc->klass);
-                    *((struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct **)&cc->cme_) =
-                        (struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *)rb_gc_location((VALUE)cc->cme_);
-                }
-                else {
-                    vm_cc_invalidate(cc);
-                }
+                vm_cc_invalidate(cc);
             }
         }
         else {
-            if (vm_cc_super_p(cc) || vm_cc_refinement_p(cc)) {
+            RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(cc->klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(cc->klass, T_ICLASS));
+            RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P((VALUE)cc->cme_, imemo_ment));
+
+            if ((vm_cc_super_p(cc) || vm_cc_refinement_p(cc))) {
                 rb_gc_mark_movable((VALUE)cc->cme_);
-                rb_gc_mark_movable((VALUE)cc->klass);
             }
         }
 
@@ -322,16 +452,27 @@ rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
       case imemo_constcache: {
         struct iseq_inline_constant_cache_entry *ice = (struct iseq_inline_constant_cache_entry *)obj;
 
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ice->value);
+        if ((ice->flags & IMEMO_CONST_CACHE_SHAREABLE) ||
+            !rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ice->value);
+        }
 
         break;
       }
       case imemo_cref: {
         rb_cref_t *cref = (rb_cref_t *)obj;
 
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&cref->klass_or_self);
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            // cref->klass_or_self can be unshareable, but no way to access it from other ractors
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&cref->klass_or_self);
+        }
+
         rb_gc_mark_and_move_ptr(&cref->next);
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&cref->refinements);
+
+        // TODO: Ractor and refeinements are not resolved yet
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&cref->refinements);
+        }
 
         break;
       }
@@ -349,6 +490,13 @@ rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
 
             rb_gc_mark_and_move_ptr(&env->iseq);
 
+            if (VM_ENV_LOCAL_P(env->ep) && VM_ENV_BOXED_P(env->ep)) {
+                const rb_box_t *box = VM_ENV_BOX(env->ep);
+                if (BOX_USER_P(box)) {
+                    rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&box->box_object);
+                }
+            }
+
             if (reference_updating) {
                 ((VALUE *)env->ep)[VM_ENV_DATA_INDEX_ENV] = rb_gc_location(env->ep[VM_ENV_DATA_INDEX_ENV]);
             }
@@ -379,8 +527,8 @@ rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
 
         rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&memo->v1);
         rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&memo->v2);
-        if (!reference_updating) {
-            rb_gc_mark_maybe(memo->u3.value);
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE)) {
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&memo->u3.value);
         }
 
         break;
@@ -388,8 +536,6 @@ rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
       case imemo_ment:
         mark_and_move_method_entry((rb_method_entry_t *)obj, reference_updating);
         break;
-      case imemo_parser_strterm:
-        break;
       case imemo_svar: {
         struct vm_svar *svar = (struct vm_svar *)obj;
 
@@ -411,13 +557,65 @@ rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating)
         const rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *m = (const rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj;
 
         if (!reference_updating) {
-            do {
-                rb_gc_mark_locations(m->ptr, m->ptr + m->cnt);
-            } while ((m = m->next) != NULL);
+            rb_gc_mark_locations(m->ptr, m->ptr + (m->size / sizeof(VALUE)));
         }
 
         break;
       }
+      case imemo_cvar_entry: {
+          struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *ent = (struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry *)obj;
+          rb_gc_mark_and_move(&ent->class_value);
+          rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&ent->cref);
+          break;
+      }
+      case imemo_subclasses: {
+        if (reference_updating) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)obj;
+            VALUE *entries = rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(obj);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < subs->count; i++) {
+                if (entries[i]) {
+                    entries[i] = rb_gc_location(entries[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case imemo_fields: {
+        rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&RBASIC(obj)->klass);
+
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            // imemo_fields can refer unshareable objects
+            // even if the imemo_fields is shareable.
+
+            if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(obj)) {
+                st_table *tbl = rb_imemo_fields_complex_tbl(obj);
+                if (reference_updating) {
+                    rb_gc_ref_update_table_values_only(tbl);
+                }
+                else {
+                    rb_mark_tbl_no_pin(tbl);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                VALUE *fields = rb_imemo_fields_ptr(obj);
+                attr_index_t len = RSHAPE_LEN(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj));
+                for (attr_index_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&fields[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case imemo_cdhash: {
+        st_table *tbl = rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(obj);
+        if (reference_updating) {
+            rb_gc_update_set_refs(tbl);
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_gc_mark_set_no_pin(tbl);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
       default:
         rb_bug("unreachable");
     }
@@ -431,7 +629,7 @@ static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
 free_const_entry_i(VALUE value, void *data)
 {
     rb_const_entry_t *ce = (rb_const_entry_t *)value;
-    xfree(ce);
+    SIZED_FREE(ce);
     return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -442,61 +640,12 @@ rb_free_const_table(struct rb_id_table *tbl)
     rb_id_table_free(tbl);
 }
 
-// alive: if false, target pointers can be freed already.
-static void
-vm_ccs_free(struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs, int alive, VALUE klass)
-{
-    if (ccs->entries) {
-        for (int i=0; i<ccs->len; i++) {
-            const struct rb_callcache *cc = ccs->entries[i].cc;
-            if (!alive) {
-                // ccs can be free'ed.
-                if (rb_gc_pointer_to_heap_p((VALUE)cc) &&
-                    !rb_objspace_garbage_object_p((VALUE)cc) &&
-                    IMEMO_TYPE_P(cc, imemo_callcache) &&
-                    cc->klass == klass) {
-                    // OK. maybe target cc.
-                }
-                else {
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-
-            VM_ASSERT(!vm_cc_super_p(cc) && !vm_cc_refinement_p(cc));
-            vm_cc_invalidate(cc);
-        }
-        ruby_xfree(ccs->entries);
-    }
-    ruby_xfree(ccs);
-}
-
-void
-rb_vm_ccs_free(struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs)
-{
-    RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(ccs_free);
-    vm_ccs_free(ccs, true, Qundef);
-}
-
-static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
-cc_table_free_i(VALUE ccs_ptr, void *data)
-{
-    struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs = (struct rb_class_cc_entries *)ccs_ptr;
-    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
-    VM_ASSERT(vm_ccs_p(ccs));
-
-    vm_ccs_free(ccs, false, klass);
-
-    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-void
-rb_cc_table_free(VALUE klass)
+static inline void
+imemo_fields_free(struct rb_fields *fields)
 {
-    struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
-
-    if (cc_tbl) {
-        rb_id_table_foreach_values(cc_tbl, cc_table_free_i, (void *)klass);
-        rb_id_table_free(cc_tbl);
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW((VALUE)fields, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP)) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(rb_shape_complex_p(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID((VALUE)fields)));
+        st_free_table(fields->as.complex.table);
     }
 }
 
@@ -504,10 +653,6 @@ void
 rb_imemo_free(VALUE obj)
 {
     switch (imemo_type(obj)) {
-      case imemo_ast:
-        rb_bug("imemo_ast is obsolete");
-
-        break;
       case imemo_callcache:
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_callcache);
 
@@ -516,8 +661,9 @@ rb_imemo_free(VALUE obj)
         const struct rb_callinfo *ci = ((const struct rb_callinfo *)obj);
 
         if (ci->kwarg) {
-            ((struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *)ci->kwarg)->references--;
-            if (ci->kwarg->references == 0) xfree((void *)ci->kwarg);
+            if (RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_SUB(((struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *)ci->kwarg)->references, 1) == 1) {
+                ruby_xfree_sized((void *)ci->kwarg, rb_callinfo_kwarg_bytes(ci->kwarg->keyword_len));
+            }
         }
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_callinfo);
 
@@ -535,7 +681,7 @@ rb_imemo_free(VALUE obj)
         rb_env_t *env = (rb_env_t *)obj;
 
         RUBY_ASSERT(VM_ENV_ESCAPED_P(env->ep));
-        xfree((VALUE *)env->env);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(env->env, env->env_size);
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_env);
 
         break;
@@ -557,22 +703,41 @@ rb_imemo_free(VALUE obj)
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_ment);
 
         break;
-      case imemo_parser_strterm:
-        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_parser_strterm);
-
-        break;
       case imemo_svar:
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_svar);
+
         break;
       case imemo_throw_data:
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_throw_data);
 
         break;
       case imemo_tmpbuf:
-        xfree(((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->ptr);
+        ruby_xfree_sized(((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->ptr, ((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)obj)->size);
         RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_tmpbuf);
 
         break;
+      case imemo_cvar_entry:
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_cvar_entry);
+
+        break;
+      case imemo_fields:
+        imemo_fields_free(IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(obj));
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_fields);
+
+        break;
+      case imemo_subclasses: {
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP)) {
+            struct rb_subclasses *subs = (struct rb_subclasses *)obj;
+            SIZED_FREE_N(subs->as.external, subs->capacity);
+        }
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_subclasses);
+        break;
+      }
+      case imemo_cdhash:
+        st_free_embedded_table(rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(obj));
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_imemo_cdhash);
+
+        break;
       default:
         rb_bug("unreachable");
     }
diff --git a/include/ruby/atomic.h b/include/ruby/atomic.h
index 18072f4810..fcc48f532c 100644
--- a/include/ruby/atomic.h
+++ b/include/ruby/atomic.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 # include <sys/types.h>         /* ssize_t */
 #endif
 
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 13, 0, 0)
+#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedOr)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
 # include <atomic.h>
@@ -77,10 +77,35 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
 typedef LONG rb_atomic_t;
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
 typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+# include <stdatomic.h>
+typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
 #else
 # error No atomic operation found
 #endif
 
+/* Memory ordering constants */
+#if defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED __ATOMIC_RELAXED
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE __ATOMIC_RELEASE
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQ_REL __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED memory_order_relaxed
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE memory_order_acquire
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE memory_order_release
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQ_REL memory_order_acq_rel
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST memory_order_seq_cst
+#else
+/* Dummy values for unsupported platforms */
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELAXED 0
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE 1
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE 2
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQ_REL 3
+# define RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST 4
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Atomically replaces the  value pointed by `var` with the  result of addition
  * of `val` to the old value of `var`.
@@ -90,7 +115,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  What was stored in `var` before the addition.
  * @post    `var` holds `var + val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomically  replaces  the  value  pointed   by  `var`  with  the  result  of
@@ -101,7 +126,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  What was stored in `var` before the subtraction.
  * @post    `var` holds `var - val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_fetch_sub(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_fetch_sub(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomically  replaces  the  value  pointed   by  `var`  with  the  result  of
@@ -113,7 +138,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @post    `var` holds `var | val`.
  * @note    For portability, this macro can return void.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_OR(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_or(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_OR(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_or(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomically replaces the value pointed by  `var` with `val`.  This is just an
@@ -124,7 +149,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  What was stored in `var` before the assignment.
  * @post    `var` holds `val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_exchange(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_exchange(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomic compare-and-swap.   This stores  `val` to  `var` if  and only  if the
@@ -138,7 +163,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @retval  otherwise  Something else is at `var`; not updated.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_CAS(var, oldval, newval) \
-    rbimpl_atomic_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval))
+    rbimpl_atomic_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomic load. This loads `var` with an atomic intrinsic and returns
@@ -147,7 +172,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @param var  A variable of ::rb_atomic_t
  * @return     What was stored in `var`j
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(var) rbimpl_atomic_load(&(var))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD(var) rbimpl_atomic_load(&(var), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE, except for the return type.
@@ -157,7 +182,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SET(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_set(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SET(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_store(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, except for the return type.
@@ -167,7 +192,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var + val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_add(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_add(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_SUB, except for the return type.
@@ -177,7 +202,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var - val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_sub(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_sub(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomically increments the value pointed by `var`.
@@ -186,7 +211,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var + 1`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_INC(var) rbimpl_atomic_inc(&(var))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_INC(var) rbimpl_atomic_inc(&(var), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Atomically decrements the value pointed by `var`.
@@ -195,7 +220,19 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var - 1`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_DEC(var) rbimpl_atomic_dec(&(var))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_DEC(var) rbimpl_atomic_dec(&(var), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
+
+/**
+ * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD,  except it expects its arguments to be `size_t`.
+ * There are cases where ::rb_atomic_t is  32bit while `size_t` is 64bit.  This
+ * should be used for size related operations to support such platforms.
+ *
+ * @param   var  A variable of `size_t`.
+ * @param   val  Value to add.
+ * @return  What was stored in `var` before the addition.
+ * @post    `var` holds `var + val`.
+ */
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_FETCH_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_size_fetch_add(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_INC,  except it expects its  argument is `size_t`.
@@ -206,7 +243,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var + 1`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_INC(var) rbimpl_atomic_size_inc(&(var))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_INC(var) rbimpl_atomic_size_inc(&(var), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_DEC,  except it expects its  argument is `size_t`.
@@ -217,7 +254,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var - 1`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_DEC(var) rbimpl_atomic_size_dec(&(var))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_DEC(var) rbimpl_atomic_size_dec(&(var), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical  to #RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE,  except  it expects  its arguments  are
@@ -231,7 +268,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @post    `var` holds `val`.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_EXCHANGE(var, val) \
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(&(var), (val))
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_CAS, except it expects its arguments are `size_t`.
@@ -245,7 +282,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @retval  otherwise  Something else is at `var`; not updated.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_CAS(var, oldval, newval) \
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval))
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_ADD, except it expects its arguments are `size_t`.
@@ -257,7 +294,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var + val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_size_add(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_ADD(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_size_add(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_SUB, except it expects its arguments are `size_t`.
@@ -269,7 +306,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return  void
  * @post    `var` holds `var - val`.
  */
-#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(&(var), (val))
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_SIZE_SUB(var, val) rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical  to #RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE,  except  it expects  its arguments  are
@@ -288,7 +325,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * some pointers, most notably function pointers.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_PTR_EXCHANGE(var, val) \
-    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange((void **)&(var), (void *)val))
+    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange((void **)&(var), (void *)val, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_LOAD, except it expects its arguments are `void*`.
@@ -299,7 +336,20 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @return             The value of `var` (without tearing)
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_PTR_LOAD(var) \
-    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load((void **)&var))
+    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load((void **)&var, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
+
+/**
+* Identical  to #RUBY_ATOMIC_SET,  except  it expects  its arguments  are
+* `void*`.   There are  cases where  ::rb_atomic_t is  32bit while  ::VALUE is
+* 64bit.  This should  be used for pointer related operations  to support such
+* platforms.
+*
+* @param   var  A variable of `void*`.
+* @param   val   Value to set.
+* @post    `var` holds `val`.
+*/
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_PTR_SET(var, val) \
+   rbimpl_atomic_ptr_store((volatile void **)&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_CAS, except it expects its arguments are `void*`.
@@ -313,7 +363,20 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @retval  otherwise  Something else is at `var`; not updated.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(var, oldval, newval) \
-    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas((void **)&(var), (void *)(oldval), (void *)(newval)))
+    RBIMPL_CAST(rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas((void **)&(var), (void *)(oldval), (void *)(newval), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
+
+/**
+ * Identical  to #RUBY_ATOMIC_SET,  except  it expects  its arguments  are
+ * ::VALUE.   There are  cases where  ::rb_atomic_t is  32bit while  ::VALUE is
+ * 64bit.  This should  be used for pointer related operations  to support such
+ * platforms.
+ *
+ * @param   var  A variable of ::VALUE.
+ * @param   val   Value to set.
+ * @post    `var` holds `val`.
+ */
+#define RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_SET(var, val) \
+    rbimpl_atomic_value_store(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical  to #RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE,  except  it expects  its arguments  are
@@ -327,7 +390,7 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @post    `var` holds `val`.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_EXCHANGE(var, val) \
-    rbimpl_atomic_value_exchange(&(var), (val))
+    rbimpl_atomic_value_exchange(&(var), (val), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /**
  * Identical to #RUBY_ATOMIC_CAS, except it  expects its arguments are ::VALUE.
@@ -341,19 +404,20 @@ typedef unsigned int rb_atomic_t;
  * @retval  otherwise  Something else is at `var`; not updated.
  */
 #define RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_CAS(var, oldval, newval) \
-    rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval))
+    rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(&(var), (oldval), (newval), RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
 
 /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline rb_atomic_t
-rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_fetch_add(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_fetch_add(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     return __sync_fetch_and_add(ptr, val);
@@ -370,6 +434,47 @@ rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= INT_MAX);
     return atomic_add_int_nv(ptr, val) - val;
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    return atomic_fetch_add_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
+#endif
+}
+
+/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+static inline size_t
+rbimpl_atomic_size_fetch_add(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val, int memory_order)
+{
+    (void)memory_order;
+#if 0
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+    return __atomic_fetch_add(ptr, val, memory_order);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
+    return __sync_fetch_and_add(ptr, val);
+
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    return InterlockedExchangeAdd64(ptr, val);
+
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx))
+    /* Ditto for `atomic_add_int_nv`. */
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= LONG_MAX);
+    atomic_add_long(ptr, val);
+
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
+    RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_rb_atomic_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
+
+    volatile rb_atomic_t *const tmp = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr);
+    rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(tmp, val, memory_order);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    return atomic_fetch_add_explicit((_Atomic volatile size_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
@@ -379,8 +484,9 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
@@ -389,7 +495,7 @@ rbimpl_atomic_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
      * return value is not used, then compiles it into single `LOCK ADD`
      * instruction.
      */
-    __atomic_add_fetch(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_add_fetch(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     __sync_add_and_fetch(ptr, val);
@@ -407,6 +513,9 @@ rbimpl_atomic_add(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= INT_MAX);
     atomic_add_int(ptr, val);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_fetch_add_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
@@ -416,12 +525,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_size_add(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_add(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    __atomic_add_fetch(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_add_fetch(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     __sync_add_and_fetch(ptr, val);
@@ -435,12 +545,17 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_add(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= LONG_MAX);
     atomic_add_long(ptr, val);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_rb_atomic_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
     volatile rb_atomic_t *const tmp = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr);
-    rbimpl_atomic_add(tmp, val);
+    rbimpl_atomic_add(tmp, val, memory_order);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_fetch_add_explicit((_Atomic volatile size_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -448,12 +563,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_inc(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_inc(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS) || defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
-    rbimpl_atomic_add(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_add(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
     InterlockedIncrement(ptr);
@@ -461,9 +577,11 @@ rbimpl_atomic_inc(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
     atomic_inc_uint(ptr);
 
-#else
-    rbimpl_atomic_add(ptr, 1);
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    rbimpl_atomic_add(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -471,12 +589,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_size_inc(volatile size_t *ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_inc(volatile size_t *ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS) || defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_add(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_add(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(_WIN64)
     InterlockedIncrement64(ptr);
@@ -484,11 +603,16 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_inc(volatile size_t *ptr)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx))
     atomic_inc_ulong(ptr);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_size_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_add(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_add(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_add(ptr, 1, memory_order);
+
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -496,12 +620,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline rb_atomic_t
-rbimpl_atomic_fetch_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_fetch_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_fetch_sub(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_fetch_sub(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     return __sync_fetch_and_sub(ptr, val);
@@ -516,6 +641,9 @@ rbimpl_atomic_fetch_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= INT_MAX);
     return atomic_add_int_nv(ptr, neg * val) + val;
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    return atomic_fetch_sub_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
@@ -525,12 +653,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    __atomic_sub_fetch(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_sub_fetch(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     __sync_sub_and_fetch(ptr, val);
@@ -543,6 +672,9 @@ rbimpl_atomic_sub(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= INT_MAX);
     atomic_add_int(ptr, neg * val);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
@@ -552,12 +684,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    __atomic_sub_fetch(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_sub_fetch(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     __sync_sub_and_fetch(ptr, val);
@@ -571,12 +704,17 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(val <= LONG_MAX);
     atomic_add_long(ptr, neg * val);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_rb_atomic_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
     volatile rb_atomic_t *const tmp = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr);
-    rbimpl_atomic_sub(tmp, val);
+    rbimpl_atomic_sub(tmp, val, memory_order);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit((_Atomic volatile size_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -584,12 +722,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_dec(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_dec(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS) || defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
-    rbimpl_atomic_sub(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_sub(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
     InterlockedDecrement(ptr);
@@ -597,9 +736,11 @@ rbimpl_atomic_dec(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
     atomic_dec_uint(ptr);
 
-#else
-    rbimpl_atomic_sub(ptr, 1);
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    rbimpl_atomic_sub(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -607,12 +748,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_size_dec(volatile size_t *ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_dec(volatile size_t *ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS) || defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(_WIN64)
     InterlockedDecrement64(ptr);
@@ -620,11 +762,16 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_dec(volatile size_t *ptr)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx))
     atomic_dec_ulong(ptr);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_size_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
-    rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(ptr, 1);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(ptr, 1, memory_order);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_sub(ptr, 1, memory_order);
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -632,59 +779,42 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_or(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_or(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    __atomic_or_fetch(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_or_fetch(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     __sync_or_and_fetch(ptr, val);
 
-#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 13, 0, 0)
+#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
     _InterlockedOr(ptr, val);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GNUC__)
-    /* This was for old MinGW.  Maybe not needed any longer? */
-    __asm__(
-        "lock\n\t"
-        "orl\t%1, %0"
-        : "=m"(ptr)
-        : "Ir"(val));
-
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_M_IX86)
-    __asm mov eax, ptr;
-    __asm mov ecx, val;
-    __asm lock or [eax], ecx;
-
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
     atomic_or_uint(ptr, val);
 
+#elif !defined(_WIN32) && defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_fetch_or_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
-/* Nobody uses this but for theoretical backwards compatibility... */
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_BEFORE(MSVC, 13, 0, 0)
-static inline rb_atomic_t
-rb_w32_atomic_or(volatile rb_atomic_t *var, rb_atomic_t val)
-{
-    return rbimpl_atomic_or(var, val);
-}
-#endif
-
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline rb_atomic_t
-rbimpl_atomic_exchange(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_exchange(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_exchange_n(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_exchange_n(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     return __sync_lock_test_and_set(ptr, val);
@@ -695,6 +825,9 @@ rbimpl_atomic_exchange(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
     return atomic_swap_uint(ptr, val);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    return atomic_exchange_explicit((_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
@@ -704,12 +837,13 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline size_t
-rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_exchange_n(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_exchange_n(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     return __sync_lock_test_and_set(ptr, val);
@@ -720,13 +854,36 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx))
     return atomic_swap_ulong(ptr, val);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_size_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
     volatile rb_atomic_t *const tmp = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr);
-    const rb_atomic_t ret = rbimpl_atomic_exchange(tmp, val);
+    const rb_atomic_t ret = rbimpl_atomic_exchange(tmp, val, memory_order);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)ret);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    return atomic_exchange_explicit((_Atomic volatile size_t *)ptr, val, memory_order);
+
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
+#endif
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+static inline void
+rbimpl_atomic_size_store(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t val, int memory_order)
+{
+    (void)memory_order;
+#if 0
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+    __atomic_store_n(ptr, val, memory_order);
+
+#else
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(ptr, val, memory_order);
+
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -734,8 +891,9 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void *
-rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange(void *volatile *ptr, const void *val)
+rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange(void *volatile *ptr, const void *val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(InterlockedExchangePointer)
@@ -752,7 +910,7 @@ rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange(void *volatile *ptr, const void *val)
 
     const size_t sval = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)val);
     volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
-    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(sptr, sval);
+    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(sptr, sval, memory_order);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((void *)sret);
 
 #endif
@@ -761,29 +919,56 @@ rbimpl_atomic_ptr_exchange(void *volatile *ptr, const void *val)
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+static inline void
+rbimpl_atomic_ptr_store(volatile void **ptr, void *val, int memory_order)
+{
+    RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_value, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(size_t));
+
+    const size_t sval = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)val);
+    volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_store(sptr, sval, memory_order);
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline VALUE
-rbimpl_atomic_value_exchange(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE val)
+rbimpl_atomic_value_exchange(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE val, int memory_order)
 {
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_value, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(size_t));
 
     const size_t sval = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)val);
     volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
-    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(sptr, sval);
+    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_exchange(sptr, sval, memory_order);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)sret);
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+static inline void
+rbimpl_atomic_value_store(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE val, int memory_order)
+{
+    RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_value, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(size_t));
+
+    const size_t sval = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)val);
+    volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
+    rbimpl_atomic_size_store(sptr, sval, memory_order);
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline rb_atomic_t
-rbimpl_atomic_load(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_load(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_load_n(ptr, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_load_n(ptr, memory_order);
 #else
-    return rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(ptr, 0);
+    return rbimpl_atomic_fetch_add(ptr, 0, memory_order);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -791,16 +976,17 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void
-rbimpl_atomic_set(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val)
+rbimpl_atomic_store(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t val, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    __atomic_store_n(ptr, val, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    __atomic_store_n(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #else
     /* Maybe std::atomic<rb_atomic_t>::store can be faster? */
-    rbimpl_atomic_exchange(ptr, val);
+    rbimpl_atomic_exchange(ptr, val, memory_order);
 
 #endif
 }
@@ -809,56 +995,49 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline rb_atomic_t
-rbimpl_atomic_cas(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t oldval, rb_atomic_t newval)
+rbimpl_atomic_cas(volatile rb_atomic_t *ptr, rb_atomic_t oldval, rb_atomic_t newval, int success_memorder, int failure_memorder)
 {
+    (void)success_memorder;
+    (void)failure_memorder;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(
-        ptr, &oldval, newval, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        ptr, &oldval, newval, 0, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
     return oldval;
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
     return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(ptr, oldval, newval);
 
-#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 13, 0, 0)
+#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
     return InterlockedCompareExchange(ptr, newval, oldval);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-    PVOID *pptr = RBIMPL_CAST((PVOID *)ptr);
-    PVOID pold = RBIMPL_CAST((PVOID)oldval);
-    PVOID pnew = RBIMPL_CAST((PVOID)newval);
-    PVOID pret = InterlockedCompareExchange(pptr, pnew, pold);
-    return RBIMPL_CAST((rb_atomic_t)pret);
-
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H)
     return atomic_cas_uint(ptr, oldval, newval);
 
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+        (_Atomic volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr, &oldval, newval, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
+    return oldval;
+
 #else
 # error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
-/* Nobody uses this but for theoretical backwards compatibility... */
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_BEFORE(MSVC, 13, 0, 0)
-static inline rb_atomic_t
-rb_w32_atomic_cas(volatile rb_atomic_t *var, rb_atomic_t oldval, rb_atomic_t newval)
-{
-    return rbimpl_atomic_cas(var, oldval, newval);
-}
-#endif
-
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline size_t
-rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t oldval, size_t newval)
+rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t oldval, size_t newval, int success_memorder, int failure_memorder)
 {
+    (void)success_memorder;
+    (void)failure_memorder;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(
-        ptr, &oldval, newval, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        ptr, &oldval, newval, 0, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
     return oldval;
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
@@ -870,12 +1049,19 @@ rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(volatile size_t *ptr, size_t oldval, size_t newval)
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H) && (defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx))
     return atomic_cas_ulong(ptr, oldval, newval);
 
-#else
+#elif defined(_WIN32) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_H))
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(size_of_size_t, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(rb_atomic_t));
 
     volatile rb_atomic_t *tmp = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile rb_atomic_t *)ptr);
-    return rbimpl_atomic_cas(tmp, oldval, newval);
+    return rbimpl_atomic_cas(tmp, oldval, newval, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_STDATOMIC_H)
+    atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+        (_Atomic volatile size_t *)ptr, &oldval, newval, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
+    return oldval;
 
+#else
+# error Unsupported platform.
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -883,8 +1069,10 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void *
-rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas(void **ptr, const void *oldval, const void *newval)
+rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas(void **ptr, const void *oldval, const void *newval, int success_memorder, int failure_memorder)
 {
+    (void)success_memorder;
+    (void)failure_memorder;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(InterlockedExchangePointer)
@@ -907,7 +1095,7 @@ rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas(void **ptr, const void *oldval, const void *newval)
     const size_t snew = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)newval);
     const size_t sold = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)oldval);
     volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
-    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(sptr, sold, snew);
+    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(sptr, sold, snew, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((void *)sret);
 
 #endif
@@ -917,15 +1105,16 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline void *
-rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load(void **ptr)
+rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load(void **ptr, int memory_order)
 {
+    (void)memory_order;
 #if 0
 
 #elif defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    return __atomic_load_n(ptr, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+    return __atomic_load_n(ptr, memory_order);
 #else
     void *val = *ptr;
-    return rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas(ptr, val, val);
+    return rbimpl_atomic_ptr_cas(ptr, val, val, memory_order, memory_order);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -933,14 +1122,23 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 static inline VALUE
-rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE oldval, VALUE newval)
+rbimpl_atomic_value_load(volatile VALUE *ptr, int memory_order)
+{
+    return RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load((void **)ptr, memory_order));
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+static inline VALUE
+rbimpl_atomic_value_cas(volatile VALUE *ptr, VALUE oldval, VALUE newval, int success_memorder, int failure_memorder)
 {
     RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_value, sizeof *ptr == sizeof(size_t));
 
     const size_t snew = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)newval);
     const size_t sold = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)oldval);
     volatile size_t *const sptr = RBIMPL_CAST((volatile size_t *)ptr);
-    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(sptr, sold, snew);
+    const size_t sret = rbimpl_atomic_size_cas(sptr, sold, snew, success_memorder, failure_memorder);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)sret);
 }
 /** @endcond */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward.h b/include/ruby/backward.h
index f804c2c36e..6726102158 100644
--- a/include/ruby/backward.h
+++ b/include/ruby/backward.h
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@
 #include "ruby/internal/interpreter.h"
 #include "ruby/backward/2/attributes.h"
 
-#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_SINCE(ver) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("since " #ver))
-#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL(ver) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("since "#ver", also internal"))
-#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY() RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("only for internal use"))
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY() void rb_clear_constant_cache(void);
-
 /* from version.c */
 #if defined(RUBY_SHOW_COPYRIGHT_TO_DIE) && !!(RUBY_SHOW_COPYRIGHT_TO_DIE+0)
 # error RUBY_SHOW_COPYRIGHT_TO_DIE is deprecated
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h
index 53b37831c0..76c0936462 100644
--- a/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  * who is implementing the internals) could have used those macros for a while.
  * Kept public as-is here to keep some theoretical backwards compatibility.
  */
-#define RMODULE_IV_TBL(m) RCLASS_IV_TBL(m)
+#define RMODULE_IV_TBL(m) RCLASS_FIELDS(m)
 #define RMODULE_CONST_TBL(m) RCLASS_CONST_TBL(m)
 #define RMODULE_M_TBL(m) RCLASS_M_TBL(m)
 #define RMODULE_SUPER(m) RCLASS_SUPER(m)
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp b/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp
index 2414b7ae6d..0ca2745c20 100644
--- a/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp
@@ -190,33 +190,6 @@ rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, std::nullptr_t e, void_type *
 /// @name Exceptions and tag jumps
 /// @{
 
-// RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("by rb_block_call since 1.9")
-RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
-/// @brief       Old way to implement iterators.
-/// @param[in]   q  A function that can yield.
-/// @param[in]   w  Passed to `q`.
-/// @param[in]   e  What is to be yielded.
-/// @param[in]   r  Passed to `e`.
-/// @return      The return value of `q`.
-/// @note        `e` can be nullptr.
-/// @deprecated  This function is obsoleted since  long before 2.x era.  Do not
-///              use it any longer.  rb_block_call() is provided instead.
-inline VALUE
-rb_iterate(onearg_type *q, VALUE w, type *e, VALUE r)
-{
-    rb_block_call_func_t t = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(e);
-    return backward::rb_iterate_deprecated(q, w, t, r);
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
-RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("by rb_block_call since 1.9")
-inline VALUE
-rb_iterate(onearg_type *q, VALUE w, std::nullptr_t e, VALUE r)
-{
-    return backward::rb_iterate_deprecated(q, w, e, r);
-}
-#endif
-
 RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
 /// @brief       Call a method with a block.
 /// @param[in]   q  The self.
@@ -537,9 +510,7 @@ struct driver {
          * this writing the  version is 2.8.  Let's warn this  later, some time
          * during 3.x.   Hopefully codes in  old (ANYARGS-ed) format  should be
          * less than now. */
-#if (RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR * 100 + RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR) >= 301
         RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("use of ANYARGS is deprecated")
-#endif
         /// @copydoc define(VALUE klass, T mid, U func)
         /// @deprecated  Pass correctly typed function instead.
         static inline void
diff --git a/include/ruby/debug.h b/include/ruby/debug.h
index f7c8e6ca8d..27a7a5f2c1 100644
--- a/include/ruby/debug.h
+++ b/include/ruby/debug.h
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ VALUE rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth(const rb_debug_inspector_t *dc, long index)
 #define RB_DEBUG_INSPECTOR_FRAME_DEPTH(dc, index) rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth(dc, index)
 
 /**
- * Return current frmae depth.
+ * Return current frame depth.
  *
  * @retval     The depth of the current frame in Integer.
  */
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
  */
 rb_trace_arg_t *rb_tracearg_from_tracepoint(VALUE tpval);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the event of the passed trace.
  *
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 rb_event_flag_t rb_tracearg_event_flag(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Identical to  rb_tracearg_event_flag(), except  it returns  the name  of the
  * event in Ruby's symbol.
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_event(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the line of the point where the trace is at.
  *
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_lineno(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the file name of the point where the trace is at.
  *
@@ -518,7 +518,19 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_path(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+/**
+ *
+ * Queries the parameters passed on a call or return event.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  trace_arg         A trace instance
+ * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  The tracing event does not support querying parameters.
+ * @return     Array of parameters in the format of `Method#parameters`.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE rb_tracearg_parameters(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the method name of the point where the trace is at.
  *
@@ -528,7 +540,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_method_id(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Identical  to  rb_tracearg_method_id(), except  it  returns  callee id  like
  * rb_frame_callee().
@@ -539,7 +551,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_callee_id(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the class that defines the method that the passed trace is at.  This
  * can be different from the class of rb_tracearg_self()'s return value because
@@ -551,7 +563,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_defined_class(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Creates a binding object of the point where the trace is at.
  *
@@ -566,7 +578,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_binding(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the receiver of the point trace is at.
  *
@@ -575,7 +587,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_self(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the return value that the trace represents.
  *
@@ -585,7 +597,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_return_value(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the raised exception that the trace represents.
  *
@@ -595,7 +607,33 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  */
 VALUE rb_tracearg_raised_exception(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+/**
+ * Queries the compiled source code of the 'script_compiled' event.
+ * If loaded from a file, it will return nil.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  trace_arg         A trace instance
+ * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  The tracing event is not 'script_compiled'.
+ * @retval     RUBY_Qnil         The script was loaded from a file.
+ * @retval     otherwise         The compiled source code.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE rb_tracearg_eval_script(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
+/**
+ *
+ * Queries the compiled instruction sequence on a 'script_compiled' event.
+ * Note that this method is MRI specific.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  trace_arg         A trace instance
+ * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  The tracing event is not 'script_compiled'.
+ * @return     The `RubyVM::InstructionSequence` object representing the instruction sequence.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE rb_tracearg_instruction_sequence(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
 /**
  * Queries the allocated/deallocated object that the trace represents.
  *
@@ -716,59 +754,6 @@ rb_postponed_job_handle_t rb_postponed_job_preregister(unsigned int flags, rb_po
  */
 void rb_postponed_job_trigger(rb_postponed_job_handle_t h);
 
-/**
- * Schedules the given `func` to be called with `data` when Ruby next checks for
- * interrupts. If this function is called multiple times in between Ruby checking
- * for interrupts, then `func` will be called only once with the `data` value from
- * the first call to this function.
- *
- * Like `rb_postponed_job_trigger`, the context in which the job is called
- * holds the GVL and can allocate Ruby objects.
- *
- * This method essentially has the same semantics as:
- *
- * ```
- *   rb_postponed_job_trigger(rb_postponed_job_preregister(func, data));
- * ```
- *
- * @note    Previous versions of Ruby promised that the (`func`, `data`) pairs would
- *          be executed as many times as they were registered with this function; in
- *          reality this was always subject to race conditions and this function no
- *          longer provides this guarantee. Instead, multiple calls to this function
- *          can be coalesced into a single execution of the passed `func`, with the
- *          most recent `data` registered at that time passed in.
- *
- * @deprecated  This interface implies that arbitrarily many `func`'s can be enqueued
- *              over the lifetime of the program, whilst in reality the registration
- *              slots for postponed jobs are a finite resource. This is made clearer
- *              by the `rb_postponed_job_preregister` and `rb_postponed_job_trigger`
- *              functions, and a future version of Ruby might delete this function.
- *
- * @param[in]      flags      Unused and ignored.
- * @param[in]      func       Job body.
- * @param[in,out]  data       Passed as-is to `func`.
- * @retval         0          Postponed job registration table is full. Failed.
- * @retval         1          Registration succeeded.
- * @post           The passed job will run on the next interrupt check.
- */
- RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("use rb_postponed_job_preregister and rb_postponed_job_trigger"))
-int rb_postponed_job_register(unsigned int flags, rb_postponed_job_func_t func, void *data);
-
-/**
- * Identical to `rb_postponed_job_register`
- *
- * @deprecated  This is deprecated for the same reason as `rb_postponed_job_register`
- *
- * @param[in]      flags      Unused and ignored.
- * @param[in]      func       Job body.
- * @param[in,out]  data       Passed as-is to `func`.
- * @retval         0          Postponed job registration table is full. Failed.
- * @retval         1          Registration succeeded.
- * @post           The passed job will run on the next interrupt check.
- */
- RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("use rb_postponed_job_preregister and rb_postponed_job_trigger"))
-int rb_postponed_job_register_one(unsigned int flags, rb_postponed_job_func_t func, void *data);
-
 /** @} */
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/ruby/fiber/scheduler.h b/include/ruby/fiber/scheduler.h
index b678bd0d1a..4d764f68ae 100644
--- a/include/ruby/fiber/scheduler.h
+++ b/include/ruby/fiber/scheduler.h
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
 
-#define RUBY_FIBER_SCHEDULER_VERSION 2
+// Version 3: Adds support for `fiber_interrupt`.
+#define RUBY_FIBER_SCHEDULER_VERSION 3
 
 struct timeval;
+struct rb_thread_struct;
 
 /**
  * Wrap a `ssize_t` and `int errno` into a single `VALUE`. This interface should
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_current(void);
 
 /**
  * Identical to rb_fiber_scheduler_current(), except it queries for that of the
- * passed thread instead of the implicit current one.
+ * passed thread value instead of the implicit current one.
  *
  * @param[in]  thread         Target thread.
  * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `thread` is not a thread.
@@ -127,6 +129,17 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_current(void);
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_thread(VALUE thread);
 
 /**
+ * Identical to rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_thread(), except it expects
+ * a threadptr instead of a thread value.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  thread         Target thread.
+ * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `thread` is not a thread.
+ * @retval     RUBY_Qnil      No scheduler is in effect in `thread`.
+ * @retval     otherwise      The scheduler that is in effect in `thread`.
+ */
+VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(struct rb_thread_struct *thread);
+
+/**
  * Converts the passed timeout to an expression that rb_fiber_scheduler_block()
  * etc. expects.
  *
@@ -166,6 +179,14 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_kernel_sleep(VALUE scheduler, VALUE duration);
  */
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_kernel_sleepv(VALUE scheduler, int argc, VALUE * argv);
 
+/**
+ * Yield to the scheduler, to be resumed on the next scheduling cycle.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  scheduler  Target scheduler.
+ * @return     What `scheduler.yield` returns.
+ */
+VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_yield(VALUE scheduler);
+
 /* Description TBW */
 #if 0
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_timeout_after(VALUE scheduler, VALUE timeout, VALUE exception, VALUE message);
@@ -199,6 +220,8 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_block(VALUE scheduler, VALUE blocker, VALUE timeout);
 /**
  * Wakes up a fiber previously blocked using rb_fiber_scheduler_block().
  *
+ * This function may be called from a different thread.
+ *
  * @param[in]  scheduler  Target scheduler.
  * @param[in]  blocker    What was awaited for.
  * @param[in]  fiber      What to unblock.
@@ -391,11 +414,54 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_io_close(VALUE scheduler, VALUE io);
  */
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_address_resolve(VALUE scheduler, VALUE hostname);
 
+// The state of the blocking operation execution.
 struct rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_state {
     void *result;
     int saved_errno;
 };
 
+// The opaque handle for the blocking operation.
+typedef struct rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_t;
+
+/**
+ * Extract the blocking operation handle from a BlockingOperationRuby object.
+ *
+ * This function safely extracts the opaque handle from a BlockingOperation VALUE
+ * while holding the GVL. The returned pointer can be passed to worker threads
+ * and used with rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_execute.
+ *
+ * @param[in] self The BlockingOperation VALUE to extract from
+ * @return The opaque struct pointer on success, NULL on error
+ * @note Experimental.
+ */
+rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_t *rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_extract(VALUE self);
+
+/**
+ * Execute blocking operation from handle (GVL not required).
+ *
+ * This function executes a blocking operation using the opaque handle
+ * obtained from rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_extract.
+ * It can be called from native threads without holding the GVL.
+ *
+ * @param[in] blocking_operation The opaque handle.
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 on error.
+ * @note Experimental. Can be called from any thread without holding the GVL
+ */
+int rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_execute(rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_t *blocking_operation);
+
+/**
+ * Cancel a blocking operation.
+ *
+ * This function cancels a blocking operation. If the operation is queued,
+ * it just marks it as cancelled. If it's executing, it marks it as cancelled
+ * and calls the unblock function to interrupt the operation.
+ *
+ * @param blocking_operation The opaque struct pointer
+ * @return 1 if unblock function was called, 0 if just marked cancelled, -1 on error
+ * @note Experimental.
+ */
+int rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_cancel(rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_t *blocking_operation);
+
 /**
  * Defer the execution of the passed function to the scheduler.
  *
@@ -412,8 +478,25 @@ struct rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_state {
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_wait(VALUE scheduler, void* (*function)(void *), void *data, rb_unblock_function_t *unblock_function, void *data2, int flags, struct rb_fiber_scheduler_blocking_operation_state *state);
 
 /**
+ * Interrupt a fiber by raising an exception. You can construct an exception using `rb_make_exception`.
+ *
+ * This hook may be invoked by a different thread.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  scheduler  Target scheduler.
+ * @param[in]  fiber      The fiber to interrupt.
+ * @param[in]  exception  The exception to raise in the fiber.
+ * @return     What `scheduler.fiber_interrupt` returns.
+ */
+VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber_interrupt(VALUE scheduler, VALUE fiber, VALUE exception);
+
+/**
  * Create and schedule a non-blocking fiber.
  *
+ * @param[in]  scheduler  Target scheduler.
+ * @param[in]  argc      Number of arguments in argv.
+ * @param[in]  argv      Array of arguments to pass to the fiber.
+ * @param[in]  kw_splat  Whether to expand last argument as keywords.
+ * @return     The created and scheduled fiber.
  */
 VALUE rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber(VALUE scheduler, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat);
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/intern.h b/include/ruby/intern.h
index 48e4cd546e..8718169ce2 100644
--- a/include/ruby/intern.h
+++ b/include/ruby/intern.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/re.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/select.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/set.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/signal.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/sprintf.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/intern/string.h"
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/abi.h b/include/ruby/internal/abi.h
index e735a67564..7ceb8c40b7 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/abi.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/abi.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  * In released versions of Ruby, this number is not defined since teeny
  * versions of Ruby should guarantee ABI compatibility.
  */
-#define RUBY_ABI_VERSION 0
+#define RUBY_ABI_VERSION 3
 
 /* Windows does not support weak symbols so ruby_abi_version will not exist
  * in the shared library. */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/anyargs.h b/include/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
index e3e1b6166d..e4c6d155cc 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/anyargs.h
@@ -84,12 +84,15 @@
 
 #elif defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
 # /* Skip due to [Bug #16134] */
+# define RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR 1
 
 #elif ! RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(transparent_union)
 # /* :TODO: improve here, please find a way to support. */
+# define RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR 1
 
 #elif ! defined(HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO)
 # /* :TODO: improve here, please find a way to support. */
+# define RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR 1
 
 #else
 # /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
@@ -348,6 +351,25 @@ RBIMPL_ANYARGS_DECL(rb_define_method, VALUE, const char *)
 
 #endif /* __cplusplus */
 
+#if defined(RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+/* In C23, K&R style prototypes are gone and so `void foo(ANYARGS)` became
+ * equivalent to `void foo(void)` unlike in earlier versions. This is a problem
+ * for rb_define_* functions since that makes all valid functions one can pass
+ * trip -Wincompatible-pointer-types, which we treat as errors. This is mostly
+ * not a problem for the __builtin_choose_expr path, but outside of that we
+ * need to add a cast for compatibility.
+ */
+#define rb_define_method(klass, mid, func, arity)           rb_define_method((klass), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_method_id(klass, mid, func, arity)        rb_define_method_id((klass), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_singleton_method(obj, mid, func, arity)   rb_define_singleton_method((obj), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_protected_method(klass, mid, func, arity) rb_define_protected_method((klass), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_private_method(klass, mid, func, arity)   rb_define_private_method((klass), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_module_function(mod, mid, func, arity)    rb_define_module_function((mod), (mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+#define rb_define_global_function(mid, func, arity)         rb_define_global_function((mid), (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS))(func), (arity))
+
+#undef RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR
+#endif /* defined(RBIMPL_CAST_FN_PTR) && !defined(__cplusplus) */
+
 /**
  * This  macro is  to properly  cast  a function  parameter of  *_define_method
  * family.  It  has been  around since  1.x era so  you can  maximise backwards
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h b/include/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
index a354f4469c..70090f88e6 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
@@ -32,6 +32,18 @@
 #define rb_int_new  rb_int2inum  /**< @alias{rb_int2inum} */
 #define rb_uint_new rb_uint2inum /**< @alias{rb_uint2inum} */
 
+// These definitions are same as fiddle/conversions.h
+#if SIZEOF_VOIDP <= SIZEOF_LONG
+# define PTR2NUM(x) (LONG2NUM((long)(x)))
+# define NUM2PTR(x) ((void*)(NUM2ULONG(x)))
+#elif SIZEOF_VOIDP <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define PTR2NUM(x) (LL2NUM((LONG_LONG)(x)))
+# define NUM2PTR(x) ((void*)(NUM2ULL(x)))
+#else
+// should have been an error in ruby/internal/value.h
+# error Need integer for VALUE
+#endif
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
index e1bbdbd15a..a374ace868 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) /* but not with message. */
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(msg) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
 
-#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 14, 0, 0)
+#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(msg) __declspec(deprecated msg)
 
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated)
@@ -72,4 +72,11 @@
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_EXT(msg) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(msg)
 #endif
 
+#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_SINCE(ver) \
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("since " #ver))
+#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL(ver) \
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("since "#ver", also internal"))
+#define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY() \
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("only for internal use"))
+
 #endif /* RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
index b7daafede7..5b9ae794af 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * `__forceinline` are mutually exclusive.  We have to mimic that behaviour for
  * non-MSVC compilers.
  */
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 12, 0, 0)
+#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_FORCEINLINE() __forceinline
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(always_inline)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_FORCEINLINE() __attribute__((__always_inline__)) inline
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/format.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
index b3488ee00a..7feff1c846 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/format.h
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
  */
 #include "ruby/internal/has/attribute.h"
 
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#include <stdio.h>              /* for __MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT */
+#endif
+
 /** Wraps (or simulates) `__attribute__((format))` */
 #if RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_FORMAT(x, y, z) __attribute__((__format__(x, y, z)))
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
index 7c3f92f1e7..dd4c667407 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 #elif defined(__INTEL_CXX11_MODE__)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(_) noexcept(noexcept(_))
 
-#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 19, 0, 0)
+#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(_) noexcept(noexcept(_))
 
 #elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da2501f7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_H                        /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author     Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright  This  file  is   a  part  of  the   programming  language  Ruby.
+ *             Permission  is hereby  granted,  to  either redistribute  and/or
+ *             modify this file, provided that  the conditions mentioned in the
+ *             file COPYING are met.  Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning    Symbols   prefixed  with   either  `RBIMPL`   or  `rbimpl`   are
+ *             implementation details.   Don't take  them as canon.  They could
+ *             rapidly appear then vanish.  The name (path) of this header file
+ *             is also an  implementation detail.  Do not expect  it to persist
+ *             at the place it is now.  Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ *             anytime at will.
+ * @note       To  ruby-core:  remember  that   this  header  can  be  possibly
+ *             recursively included  from extension  libraries written  in C++.
+ *             Do not  expect for  instance `__VA_ARGS__` is  always available.
+ *             We assume C99  for ruby itself but we don't  assume languages of
+ *             extension libraries.  They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief      Defines #RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING.
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/has/attribute.h"
+
+/** Wraps (or simulates) `__attribute__((nonstring))` */
+#if RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(nonstring)
+# define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING() __attribute__((nonstring))
+# if RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(GCC, 15, 0, 0)
+#   define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_ARRAY() RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING()
+# elif defined(__clang_major__) && __clang_major__ >= 21
+#   define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_ARRAY() RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING()
+# else
+#   define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_ARRAY() /* void */
+# endif
+#else
+# define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING() /* void */
+# define RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_ARRAY() /* void */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h b/include/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
index e39104138c..b12fdc9dbc 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  * `__has_declspec_attribute()` which involves macro substitution. */
 
 /** Wraps (or simulates) `__declspec(restrict)` */
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 14, 0, 0)
+#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # define RBIMPL_ATTR_RESTRICT() __declspec(re ## strict)
 
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(malloc)
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h b/include/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
index 8a864ea558..824f0ecc21 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
@@ -38,19 +38,8 @@
 # define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MINOR (_MSC_FULL_VER % 10000000 / 100000)
 # define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH (_MSC_FULL_VER            % 100000)
 
-#elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER)
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS_MSVC 1
-# /* _MSC_FULL_VER = XXYYZZZZ */
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MAJOR (_MSC_FULL_VER / 1000000)
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MINOR (_MSC_FULL_VER % 1000000 / 10000)
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH (_MSC_FULL_VER           % 10000)
-
 #else
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS_MSVC 1
-# /* _MSC_VER = XXYY */
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MAJOR (_MSC_VER / 100)
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MINOR (_MSC_VER % 100)
-# define RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH 0
+# error Unsupported MSVC version
 #endif
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS_MSVC_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/config.h b/include/ruby/internal/config.h
index da070f0979..34862ded6e 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/config.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/config.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 #  define HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO
 # elif defined(__INTEL_CXX11_MODE__)
 #  define HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO
-# elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 16, 0, 0)
+# elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 #  define HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO
 # else
 #  /* NG, not known. */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
index 73cc0f5dd9..b47b63d51b 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rarray.h
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ RARRAY_PTR(VALUE ary)
 {
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(ary, RUBY_T_ARRAY);
 
-    VALUE tmp = RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT_FOR(ARRAY, ary);
+    VALUE tmp = RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(ary);
     return RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(tmp));
 }
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
index a1477e2600..63cdff8e09 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h
@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ enum ruby_rvalue_flags {
     RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX = RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX
 };
 
+#if (SIZEOF_VALUE < SIZEOF_UINT64_T)
+#define RBASIC_SHAPE_ID_FIELD 1
+#else
+#define RBASIC_SHAPE_ID_FIELD 0
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Ruby object's base components. All Ruby objects have them in common.
  */
@@ -85,6 +91,10 @@ RBasic {
      */
     const VALUE klass;
 
+#if RBASIC_SHAPE_ID_FIELD
+    VALUE shape_id;
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
   public:
     RBIMPL_ATTR_CONSTEXPR(CXX11)
@@ -100,8 +110,14 @@ RBasic {
     RBasic() :
         flags(RBIMPL_VALUE_NULL),
         klass(RBIMPL_VALUE_NULL)
+#if RBASIC_SHAPE_ID_FIELD
+        , shape_id(RBIMPL_VALUE_NULL)
+#endif
     {
     }
+# define RBASIC_INIT RBasic()
+#else
+# define RBASIC_INIT {RBIMPL_VALUE_NULL}
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
index b0b6bfc80c..6f78cc569b 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rclass.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ enum ruby_rmodule_flags {
      * rb_mod_refine()  has this  flag set.   This  is the  bit which  controls
      * difference between normal inclusion versus refinements.
      */
-    RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT            = RUBY_FL_USER3
+    RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT            = RUBY_FL_USER1
 };
 
 struct RClass; /* Opaque, declared here for RCLASS() macro. */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
index e4c146a716..d0a4dc7c83 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rdata.h
@@ -42,31 +42,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #define RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(f) RBIMPL_CAST((void (*)(void *))(f))
-#define RBIMPL_ATTRSET_UNTYPED_DATA_FUNC() \
-    RBIMPL_ATTR_WARNING(("untyped Data is unsafe; use TypedData instead")) \
-    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by TypedData"))
-
-#define RBIMPL_MACRO_SELECT(x, y) x ## y
-#define RUBY_MACRO_SELECT(x, y)   RBIMPL_MACRO_SELECT(x, y)
 /** @endcond */
 
 /**
- * Convenient casting macro.
- *
- * @param   obj  An object, which is in fact an ::RData.
- * @return  The passed object casted to ::RData.
- */
-#define RDATA(obj)                RBIMPL_CAST((struct RData *)(obj))
-
-/**
- * Convenient getter macro.
- *
- * @param   obj  An object, which is in fact an ::RData.
- * @return  The passed object's ::RData::data field.
- */
-#define DATA_PTR(obj)             RDATA(obj)->data
-
-/**
  * This is a value you can set  to ::RData::dfree.  Setting this means the data
  * was allocated using ::ruby_xmalloc() (or variants), and shall be freed using
  * ::ruby_xfree().
@@ -85,19 +63,6 @@
 #define RUBY_NEVER_FREE           RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(0)
 
 /**
- * @private
- *
- * @deprecated  This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
- *              any  longer today.   Exists  here  for backwards  compatibility
- *              only.  You can safely forget about it.
- */
-#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_FUNC(f) f RBIMPL_ATTRSET_UNTYPED_DATA_FUNC()
-
-/*
-#define RUBY_DATA_FUNC(func) ((void (*)(void*))(func))
-*/
-
-/**
  * This is  the type of callbacks  registered to ::RData.  The  argument is the
  * `data` field.
  */
@@ -106,268 +71,16 @@ typedef void (*RUBY_DATA_FUNC)(void*);
 /**
  * @deprecated
  *
- * Old  "untyped"  user  data.   It  has  roughly  the  same  usage  as  struct
- * ::RTypedData, but lacked several features such as support for compaction GC.
- * Use of this struct is not recommended  any longer.  If it is dead necessary,
- * please inform the core devs about your usage.
- *
- * @internal
- *
- * @shyouhei tried to add RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED for this type but that yielded
- * too many warnings  in the core.  Maybe  we want to retry  later...  Just add
- * deprecated document for now.
+ * DO NOT USE: Obsolete "untyped" user data, that is remained only for
+ * the backward compatibility for some wrapper generator gems.
  */
 struct RData {
-
-    /** Basic part, including flags and class. */
     struct RBasic basic;
-
-    /**
-     * This function is called when the object is experiencing GC marks.  If it
-     * contains references to  other Ruby objects, you need to  mark them also.
-     * Otherwise GC will smash your data.
-     *
-     * @see      rb_gc_mark()
-     * @warning  This  is  called  during  GC  runs.   Object  allocations  are
-     *           impossible at that moment (that is why GC runs).
-     */
+    VALUE fields_obj;
+    VALUE _reserved;
+    void *data;
     RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark;
-
-    /**
-     * This function is called when the object  is no longer used.  You need to
-     * do whatever necessary to avoid memory leaks.
-     *
-     * @warning  This  is  called  during  GC  runs.   Object  allocations  are
-     *           impossible at that moment (that is why GC runs).
-     */
     RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree;
-
-    /** Pointer to the actual C level struct that you want to wrap. */
-    void *data;
 };
 
-RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
-
-/**
- * This is the primitive way to wrap an existing C struct into ::RData.
- *
- * @param[in]  klass          Ruby level class of the returning object.
- * @param[in]  datap          Pointer to the target C struct.
- * @param[in]  dmark          Mark function.
- * @param[in]  dfree          Free function.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     An allocated object that wraps `datap`.
- */
-VALUE rb_data_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree);
-
-/**
- * Identical to  rb_data_object_wrap(), except it  allocates a new  data region
- * internally instead of taking an existing  one.  The allocation is done using
- * ruby_calloc().   Hence  it  makes  no  sense to  pass  anything  other  than
- * ::RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE to the last argument.
- *
- * @param[in]  klass          Ruby level class of the returning object.
- * @param[in]  size           Requested size of memory to allocate.
- * @param[in]  dmark          Mark function.
- * @param[in]  dfree          Free function.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     An allocated object that wraps a new `size` byte region.
- */
-VALUE rb_data_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree);
-
-/**
- * @private
- * Documented in include/ruby/internal/globals.h
- */
-RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cObject;
-RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
-
-/**
- * Converts sval, a pointer to your struct, into a Ruby object.
- *
- * @param      klass          A ruby level class.
- * @param      mark           Mark function.
- * @param      free           Free function.
- * @param      sval           A pointer to your struct.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     A created Ruby object.
- */
-#define Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval) \
-    rb_data_object_wrap(                          \
-        (klass),                                  \
-        (sval),                                   \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(mark),                    \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(free))
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This is an implementation detail  of #Data_Make_Struct.  People don't use it
- * directly.
- *
- * @param  result     Variable name of created Ruby object.
- * @param  klass      Ruby level class of the object.
- * @param  type       Type name of the C struct.
- * @param  size       Size of the C struct.
- * @param  mark       Mark function.
- * @param  free       Free function.
- * @param  sval       Variable name of created C struct.
- */
-#define Data_Make_Struct0(result, klass, type, size, mark, free, sval)  \
-    VALUE result = rb_data_object_zalloc(          \
-        (klass),                                   \
-        (size),                                    \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(mark),                     \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(free));                    \
-    (sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)DATA_PTR(result)); \
-    RBIMPL_CAST(/*suppress unused variable warnings*/(void)(sval))
-
-/**
- * Identical  to  #Data_Wrap_Struct, except  it  allocates  a new  data  region
- * internally instead of taking an existing  one.  The allocation is done using
- * ruby_calloc().   Hence  it  makes  no  sense to  pass  anything  other  than
- * ::RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE to the `free` argument.
- *
- * @param      klass          Ruby level class of the returning object.
- * @param      type           Type name of the C struct.
- * @param      mark           Mark function.
- * @param      free           Free function.
- * @param      sval           Variable name of created C struct.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     A created Ruby object.
- */
-#ifdef HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR
-#define Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval) \
-    RB_GNUC_EXTENSION({      \
-        Data_Make_Struct0(   \
-            data_struct_obj, \
-            klass,           \
-            type,            \
-            sizeof(type),    \
-            mark,            \
-            free,            \
-            sval);           \
-        data_struct_obj;     \
-    })
-#else
-#define Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval) \
-    rb_data_object_make(              \
-        (klass),                      \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(mark),        \
-        RBIMPL_DATA_FUNC(free),        \
-        RBIMPL_CAST((void **)&(sval)), \
-        sizeof(type))
-#endif
-
-/**
- * Obtains a C struct from inside of a wrapper Ruby object.
- *
- * @param      obj            An instance of ::RData.
- * @param      type           Type name of the C struct.
- * @param      sval           Variable name of obtained C struct.
- * @return     Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
- */
-#define Data_Get_Struct(obj, type, sval) \
-    ((sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type*)rb_data_object_get(obj)))
-
-RBIMPL_ATTRSET_UNTYPED_DATA_FUNC()
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This is an implementation detail of rb_data_object_wrap().  People don't use
- * it directly.
- *
- * @param[in]  klass          Ruby level class of the returning object.
- * @param[in]  ptr            Pointer to the target C struct.
- * @param[in]  mark           Mark function.
- * @param[in]  free           Free function.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     An allocated object that wraps `datap`.
- */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_data_object_wrap_warning(VALUE klass, void *ptr, RUBY_DATA_FUNC mark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC free)
-{
-    return rb_data_object_wrap(klass, ptr, mark, free);
-}
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This is an  implementation detail of #Data_Get_Struct.  People  don't use it
- * directly.
- *
- * @param[in]  obj  An instance of ::RData.
- * @return     Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
- */
-static inline void *
-rb_data_object_get(VALUE obj)
-{
-    Check_Type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
-    return DATA_PTR(obj);
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTRSET_UNTYPED_DATA_FUNC()
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This is an  implementation detail of #Data_Get_Struct.  People  don't use it
- * directly.
- *
- * @param[in]  obj  An instance of ::RData.
- * @return     Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
- */
-static inline void *
-rb_data_object_get_warning(VALUE obj)
-{
-    return rb_data_object_get(obj);
-}
-
-/**
- * This is an implementation detail  of #Data_Make_Struct.  People don't use it
- * directly.
- *
- * @param[in]  klass           Ruby level class of the returning object.
- * @param[in]  mark_func       Mark function.
- * @param[in]  free_func       Free function.
- * @param[in]  datap           Variable of created C struct.
- * @param[in]  size            Requested size of allocation.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `klass` is not a class.
- * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Out of memory.
- * @return     A created Ruby object.
- * @post       `*datap` holds the created C struct.
- */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_data_object_make(VALUE klass, RUBY_DATA_FUNC mark_func, RUBY_DATA_FUNC free_func, void **datap, size_t size)
-{
-    Data_Make_Struct0(result, klass, void, size, mark_func, free_func, *datap);
-    return result;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_data_object_wrap"))
-/** @deprecated  This function was renamed to rb_data_object_wrap(). */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_data_object_alloc(VALUE klass, void *data, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree)
-{
-    return rb_data_object_wrap(klass, data, dmark, dfree);
-}
-
-/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
-#define rb_data_object_wrap_0 rb_data_object_wrap
-#define rb_data_object_wrap_1 rb_data_object_wrap_warning
-#define rb_data_object_wrap_2 rb_data_object_wrap_ /* Used here vvvv */
-#define rb_data_object_wrap   RUBY_MACRO_SELECT(rb_data_object_wrap_2, RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING)
-#define rb_data_object_get_0  rb_data_object_get
-#define rb_data_object_get_1  rb_data_object_get_warning
-#define rb_data_object_get_2  rb_data_object_get_ /* Used here vvvv */
-#define rb_data_object_get    RUBY_MACRO_SELECT(rb_data_object_get_2, RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING)
-#define rb_data_object_make_0 rb_data_object_make
-#define rb_data_object_make_1 rb_data_object_make_warning
-#define rb_data_object_make_2 rb_data_object_make_ /* Used here vvvv */
-#define rb_data_object_make   RUBY_MACRO_SELECT(rb_data_object_make_2, RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING)
-/** @endcond */
 #endif /* RBIMPL_RDATA_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rmatch.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rmatch.h
index a528c2999e..ae93755531 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rmatch.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rmatch.h
@@ -67,23 +67,6 @@ struct rmatch_offset {
     long end; /**< End of a group. */
 };
 
-/** Represents a match. */
-struct rb_matchext_struct {
-    /**
-     * "Registers"  of a  match.   This  is a  quasi-opaque  struct that  holds
-     * execution result of a match.  Roughly resembles `&~`.
-     */
-    struct re_registers regs;
-
-    /** Capture group offsets, in C array. */
-    struct rmatch_offset *char_offset;
-
-    /** Number of ::rmatch_offset that ::rmatch::char_offset holds. */
-    int char_offset_num_allocated;
-};
-
-typedef struct rb_matchext_struct rb_matchext_t;
-
 /**
  * Regular expression  execution context.  When a  regular expression "matches"
  * to a string, it generates capture  groups etc.  This struct holds that info.
@@ -107,12 +90,41 @@ struct RMatch {
      * The expression of this match.
      */
     VALUE regexp;  /* RRegexp */
+
+    /** Number of ::rmatch_offset that ::rmatch::char_offset holds. */
+    int char_offset_num_allocated;
+
+    /** Capture group offsets, in C array. */
+    struct rmatch_offset *char_offset;
+
+    /** Number of capture-group registers. */
+    int num_regs;
+
+    /** Capacity of `as.embed`, in OnigPosition slots. */
+    int capa;
+
+    /**
+     * "Registers" of a match.  This is a quasi-opaque struct that holds
+     * execution result of a match.  Roughly resembles `$~`.
+     */
+    union {
+        OnigPosition embed[1];
+        struct re_registers onig;
+    } as;
 };
 
-#define RMATCH_EXT(m) ((rb_matchext_t *)((char *)(m) + sizeof(struct RMatch)))
+RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * Converts an  embedded match  to onig  form.  This  is an  implementation
+ * detail of #RMATCH_REGS.  People don't use it directly.
+ *
+ * @param[out]  match  A match object, possibly in embedded form.
+ */
+void rb_match_ensure_onig(VALUE match);
+RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
  * Queries the raw ::re_registers.
  *
@@ -138,7 +150,8 @@ static inline struct re_registers *
 RMATCH_REGS(VALUE match)
 {
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(match, RUBY_T_MATCH);
-    return &RMATCH_EXT(match)->regs;
+    rb_match_ensure_onig(match);
+    return &RMATCH(match)->as.onig;
 }
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_RMATCH_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/robject.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
index 1f2b7168b8..df1901eb1e 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/robject.h
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@
  */
 #define ROBJECT(obj)          RBIMPL_CAST((struct RObject *)(obj))
 /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
-#define ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX
-#define ROBJECT_EMBED         ROBJECT_EMBED
-#define ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY   ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY
-#define ROBJECT_IVPTR         ROBJECT_IVPTR
+#define ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX       ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX
+#define ROBJECT_HEAP                ROBJECT_HEAP
+#define ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY     ROBJECT_FIELDS_CAPACITY
+#define ROBJECT_FIELDS              ROBJECT_FIELDS
 /** @endcond */
 
 /**
@@ -55,10 +55,12 @@
  */
 enum ruby_robject_flags {
     /**
-     * This flag has  something to do with memory footprint.   If the object is
-     * "small"  enough, ruby  tries to  be creative  to abuse  padding bits  of
-     * struct ::RObject for storing instance variables.  This flag denotes that
-     * situation.
+     * This flag marks that the object's instance variables are stored in an
+     * external heap buffer.
+     * Normally, instance variable references are stored inside the object slot,
+     * but if it overflow, Ruby may have to allocate a separate buffer and spills
+     * the instance variables there.
+     * This flag denotes that situation.
      *
      * @warning  This  bit has  to be  considered read-only.   Setting/clearing
      *           this  bit without  corresponding fix  up must  cause immediate
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ enum ruby_robject_flags {
      * 3rd parties must  not be aware that  there even is more than  one way to
      * store instance variables.  Might better be hidden.
      */
-    ROBJECT_EMBED = RUBY_FL_USER1
+    ROBJECT_HEAP = RUBY_FL_USER4
 };
 
 struct st_table;
@@ -94,9 +96,14 @@ struct RObject {
          */
         struct {
             /** Pointer to a C array that holds instance variables. */
-            VALUE *ivptr;
+            VALUE *fields;
         } heap;
 
+        /* When an object is too complex, it uses a st_table to store instance
+         * variable name to value mappings.
+         */
+        st_table *hash;
+
         /* Embedded instance variables. When an object is small enough, it
          * uses this area to store the instance variables.
          *
@@ -123,17 +130,17 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
  * @shyouhei finds no reason for this to be visible from extension libraries.
  */
 static inline VALUE *
-ROBJECT_IVPTR(VALUE obj)
+ROBJECT_FIELDS(VALUE obj)
 {
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(obj, RUBY_T_OBJECT);
 
     struct RObject *const ptr = ROBJECT(obj);
 
-    if (RB_FL_ANY_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_EMBED)) {
-        return ptr->as.ary;
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(RB_FL_ANY_RAW(obj, ROBJECT_HEAP))) {
+        return ptr->as.heap.fields;
     }
     else {
-        return ptr->as.heap.ivptr;
+        return ptr->as.ary;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
index 0bca74e688..35175ea94a 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h
@@ -369,41 +369,6 @@ RSTRING_LEN(VALUE str)
     return RSTRING(str)->len;
 }
 
-RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH()
-#if RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(Intel)
-RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(413)
-#endif
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * "Expands" an embedded  string into an ordinal one.  This  is a function that
- * returns aggregated type.   The returned struct always  has its `as.heap.len`
- * an `as.heap.ptr` fields set appropriately.
- *
- * This is an implementation detail that 3rd parties should never bother.
- */
-static inline struct RString
-rbimpl_rstring_getmem(VALUE str)
-{
-    RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(str, RUBY_T_STRING);
-
-    if (RB_FL_ANY_RAW(str, RSTRING_NOEMBED)) {
-        return *RSTRING(str);
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Expecting compilers to optimize this on-stack struct away. */
-        struct RString retval;
-        retval.len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-        retval.as.heap.ptr = RSTRING(str)->as.embed.ary;
-        return retval;
-    }
-}
-
-RBIMPL_WARNING_POP()
-
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
  * Queries the contents pointer of the string.
@@ -415,7 +380,9 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 static inline char *
 RSTRING_PTR(VALUE str)
 {
-    char *ptr = rbimpl_rstring_getmem(str).as.heap.ptr;
+    char *ptr = RB_FL_TEST_RAW(str, RSTRING_NOEMBED) ?
+        RSTRING(str)->as.heap.ptr :
+        RSTRING(str)->as.embed.ary;
 
     if (RUBY_DEBUG && RB_UNLIKELY(! ptr)) {
         /* :BEWARE: @shyouhei thinks  that currently, there are  rooms for this
@@ -441,14 +408,17 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 static inline char *
 RSTRING_END(VALUE str)
 {
-    struct RString buf = rbimpl_rstring_getmem(str);
+    char *ptr = RB_FL_TEST_RAW(str, RSTRING_NOEMBED) ?
+        RSTRING(str)->as.heap.ptr :
+        RSTRING(str)->as.embed.ary;
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
 
-    if (RUBY_DEBUG && RB_UNLIKELY(! buf.as.heap.ptr)) {
+    if (RUBY_DEBUG && RB_UNLIKELY(!ptr)) {
         /* Ditto. */
         rb_debug_rstring_null_ptr("RSTRING_END");
     }
 
-    return &buf.as.heap.ptr[buf.len];
+    return &ptr[len];
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
@@ -477,16 +447,7 @@ RSTRING_LENINT(VALUE str)
  * @param  ptrvar  Variable where its contents is stored.
  * @param  lenvar  Variable where its length is stored.
  */
-#ifdef HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR
-# define RSTRING_GETMEM(str, ptrvar, lenvar) \
-    __extension__ ({ \
-        struct RString rbimpl_str = rbimpl_rstring_getmem(str); \
-        (ptrvar) = rbimpl_str.as.heap.ptr; \
-        (lenvar) = rbimpl_str.len; \
-    })
-#else
 # define RSTRING_GETMEM(str, ptrvar, lenvar) \
     ((ptrvar) = RSTRING_PTR(str),           \
      (lenvar) = RSTRING_LEN(str))
-#endif /* HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR */
 #endif /* RBIMPL_RSTRING_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
index 69be487b59..0028a1bdcd 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rstruct.h
@@ -31,18 +31,6 @@
 # include "ruby/backward.h"
 #endif
 
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * @deprecated  This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
- *              any  longer today.   Exists  here  for backwards  compatibility
- *              only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @internal
- *
- * Declaration of rb_struct_ptr() is at include/ruby/backward.h.
- */
-#define RSTRUCT_PTR(st) rb_struct_ptr(st)
 /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
 #define RSTRUCT_LEN RSTRUCT_LEN
 #define RSTRUCT_SET RSTRUCT_SET
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h b/include/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
index 6c19576c20..eb8313f180 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 # include <stddef.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "ruby/assert.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/assume.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h"
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/error.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/fl_type.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/static_assert.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/value_type.h"
 
@@ -93,13 +95,15 @@
  */
 #define RTYPEDDATA(obj)              RBIMPL_CAST((struct RTypedData *)(obj))
 
+static inline VALUE rbimpl_check_external_typeddata(VALUE obj);
+
 /**
  * Convenient getter macro.
  *
  * @param   v  An object, which is in fact an ::RTypedData.
  * @return  The passed object's ::RTypedData::data field.
  */
-#define RTYPEDDATA_DATA(v)           (RTYPEDDATA(v)->data)
+#define RTYPEDDATA_DATA(v)           (RTYPEDDATA(rbimpl_check_external_typeddata(v))->data)
 
 /** @old{rb_check_typeddata} */
 #define Check_TypedStruct(v, t)      \
@@ -108,13 +112,18 @@
 /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
 #define RTYPEDDATA_P                 RTYPEDDATA_P
 #define RTYPEDDATA_TYPE              RTYPEDDATA_TYPE
+#define TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED          ((VALUE)1)
+#define TYPED_DATA_PTR_MASK          (~(TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED))
+/** @endcond */
+
+/**
+ * Macros to see if each corresponding flag is defined.
+ */
 #define RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY  RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 #define RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE  RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE
 #define RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED      RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
+#define RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE        RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE
 #define RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1         RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1
-/** @endcond */
-
-#define TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED 2
 
 /**
  * @private
@@ -139,6 +148,20 @@ rbimpl_typeddata_flags {
      */
     RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY = 1,
 
+    /**
+     * This flag indicate to Ruby that the associated C struct may be embedded
+     * inside the object slot, instead of being externally allocated
+     * with +malloc+.
+     *
+     * Embeddable types MUST NOT be accessed using the +DATA_PTR+ macro, only
+     * with +TypedData_Get_Struct+ or +RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA+.
+     *
+     * Embeddable types MUST NOT free the associated C struct.
+     *
+     * Pointers into the associated C struct MUST NOT be used after the ruby
+     * object is not longer on the stack, as they become invalid when GC
+     * compaction occurs
+     */
     RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE = 2,
 
     /**
@@ -155,6 +178,12 @@ rbimpl_typeddata_flags {
      */
     RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE = RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE,
 
+    // experimental flag
+    // Similar to RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE, but doesn't make shareable
+    // reachable objects from this T_DATA object on the Ractor.make_shareable.
+    // If it refers to unshareable objects, simply raise an error.
+    // RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE_NO_REC = RUBY_FL_FINALIZE,
+
     /**
      * This flag  has something to do  with our garbage collector.   These days
      * ruby  objects are  "generational".  There  are those  who are  young and
@@ -177,11 +206,6 @@ rbimpl_typeddata_flags {
     RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED     = RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED, /* THIS FLAG DEPENDS ON Ruby version */
 
     /**
-     * This flag no longer in use
-     */
-    RUBY_TYPED_UNUSED           = RUBY_FL_UNUSED6,
-
-    /**
      * This flag determines whether marking and compaction should be carried out
      * using the dmark/dcompact callback functions or whether we should mark
      * declaratively using a list of references defined inside the data struct we're wrapping
@@ -251,10 +275,15 @@ struct rb_data_type_struct {
         RUBY_DATA_FUNC dcompact;
 
         /**
-         * This field  is reserved for future  extension.  For now, it  must be
-         * filled with zeros.
+         * @internal
          */
-        void *reserved[1]; /* For future extension.
+        void (*handle_weak_references)(void *);
+
+         /**
+          * This field  is reserved for future  extension.  For now, it  must be
+          * filled with zeros.
+          */
+        void *reserved[7]; /* For future extension.
                               This array *must* be filled with ZERO. */
     } function;
 
@@ -352,24 +381,45 @@ struct RTypedData {
     /** The part that all ruby objects have in common. */
     struct RBasic basic;
 
+    /** Direct reference to the slots that holds instance variables, if any **/
+    VALUE fields_obj;
+
     /**
+     * This is a `const rb_data_type_t *const` value, with the low bits set:
+     *
+     * 1: Set if object is embedded.
+     *
      * This field  stores various  information about how  Ruby should  handle a
      * data.   This roughly  resembles a  Ruby level  class (apart  from method
      * definition etc.)
      */
-    const rb_data_type_t *const type;
-
-    /**
-     * This has to be always 1.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     */
-    const VALUE typed_flag;
+    const VALUE type;
 
     /** Pointer to the actual C level struct that you want to wrap. */
     void *data;
 };
 
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(fields_obj_in_rdata, offsetof(struct RData, fields_obj) == offsetof(struct RTypedData, fields_obj));
+RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT(data_in_rtypeddata, offsetof(struct RData, data) == offsetof(struct RTypedData, data));
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Convenient casting macro for backward compatibility.
+ *
+ * @param   obj  An object, which is in fact an ::RData.
+ * @return  The passed object casted to ::RData.
+ */
+#define RDATA(obj)                RTYPEDDATA(obj)
+
+/**
+ * Convenient casting macro for backward compatibility.
+ *
+ * @param   obj  An object, which is in fact an ::RData.
+ * @return  The passed object's ::RTypedData::data field.
+ */
+#define DATA_PTR(obj)             RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj)
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((3))
 /**
@@ -384,11 +434,11 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((3))
  */
 VALUE rb_data_typed_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type);
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((3))
 /**
  * Identical  to rb_data_typed_object_wrap(),  except it  allocates a  new data
  * region internally instead of taking an existing one.  The allocation is done
- * using ruby_calloc().  Hence it makes  no sense for `type->function.dfree` to
- * be anything other than ::RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE.
+ * using ruby_calloc().
  *
  * @param[in]  klass          Ruby level class of the returning object.
  * @param[in]  size           Requested size of memory to allocate.
@@ -399,6 +449,7 @@ VALUE rb_data_typed_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *
  */
 VALUE rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, const rb_data_type_t *type);
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
 /**
  * Checks for the domestic relationship between the two.
  *
@@ -413,6 +464,7 @@ VALUE rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, const rb_data_type_t
  */
 int rb_typeddata_inherited_p(const rb_data_type_t *child, const rb_data_type_t *parent);
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
 /**
  * Checks if the given object is of given kind.
  *
@@ -423,6 +475,7 @@ int rb_typeddata_inherited_p(const rb_data_type_t *child, const rb_data_type_t *
  */
 int rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
 /**
  * Identical to rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(), except  it raises exceptions instead
  * of returning false.
@@ -434,8 +487,49 @@ int rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
  * @post       Upon successful return `obj`'s type is guaranteed `data_type`.
  */
 void *rb_check_typeddata(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * Fails with the given object's type incompatibility to the type.
+ *
+ * This  is  an implementation  detail  of  Check_Type.   People don't  use  it
+ * directly.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  obj            The object in question.
+ * @param[in]  expected       Name of expected data type of `obj`.
+ */
+void rb_unexpected_object_type(VALUE obj, const char *expected);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * Fails with the given object's type incompatibility to the type.
+ *
+ * This is  an implementation  detail of #TypedData_Make_Struct.   People don't
+ * use it directly.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  actual         Actual data type.
+ * @param[in]  expected       Expected data type.
+ */
+void rb_unexpected_typeddata(const rb_data_type_t *actual, const rb_data_type_t *expected);
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
+#if RUBY_DEBUG
+# define RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, unreachable) \
+    while (RB_UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA))) { \
+        rb_unexpected_object_type(obj, "Data"); \
+        unreachable; \
+    }
+#else
+# define RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, unreachable) \
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_NOTHING
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Converts sval, a pointer to your struct, into a Ruby object.
  *
@@ -464,14 +558,13 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
  */
 #define TypedData_Make_Struct0(result, klass, type, size, data_type, sval) \
     VALUE result = rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(klass, size, data_type);    \
-    (sval) = (type *)RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(result); \
+    (sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)rbimpl_typeddata_get_data(result)); \
     RBIMPL_CAST(/*suppress unused variable warnings*/(void)(sval))
 
 /**
  * Identical to #TypedData_Wrap_Struct,  except it allocates a  new data region
  * internally instead of taking an existing  one.  The allocation is done using
- * ruby_calloc().  Hence  it makes no sense  for `data_type->function.dfree` to
- * be anything other than ::RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE.
+ * ruby_calloc().
  *
  * @param      klass          Ruby level class of the object.
  * @param      type           Type name of the C struct.
@@ -502,47 +595,36 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
         sizeof(type))
 #endif
 
-/**
- * Obtains a C struct from inside of a wrapper Ruby object.
- *
- * @param      obj            An instance of ::RTypedData.
- * @param      type           Type name of the C struct.
- * @param      data_type      The data type describing `type`.
- * @param      sval           Variable name of obtained C struct.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `obj` is not a kind of `data_type`.
- * @return     Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
- */
-#define TypedData_Get_Struct(obj,type,data_type,sval) \
-    ((sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)rb_check_typeddata((obj), (data_type))))
+static inline bool
+rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return (RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type) & TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED;
+}
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY()
 static inline bool
 RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(VALUE obj)
 {
-#if RUBY_DEBUG
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA))) {
-        Check_Type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
-        RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false);
-    }
-#endif
+    RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false));
 
-    return RTYPEDDATA(obj)->typed_flag & TYPED_DATA_EMBEDDED;
+    return rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p(obj);
 }
 
 static inline void *
-RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(VALUE obj)
+rbimpl_typeddata_get_data(VALUE obj)
 {
-#if RUBY_DEBUG
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA))) {
-        Check_Type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
-        RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false);
-    }
-#endif
+    /* We reuse the data pointer in embedded TypedData. */
+    return rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p(obj) ?
+        RBIMPL_CAST((void *)&RTYPEDDATA(obj)->data) :
+        RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj);
+}
 
-    /* We reuse the data pointer in embedded TypedData. We can't use offsetof
-     * since RTypedData a non-POD type in C++. */
-    const size_t embedded_typed_data_size = sizeof(struct RTypedData) - sizeof(void *);
+static inline void *
+RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL));
 
-    return RTYPEDDATA_EMBEDDED_P(obj) ? (char *)obj + embedded_typed_data_size : RTYPEDDATA(obj)->data;
+    return rbimpl_typeddata_get_data(obj);
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
@@ -550,47 +632,41 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
  * @private
  *
- * This  is an  implementation detail  of  Check_Type().  People  don't use  it
- * directly.
+ * Checks whether the passed object is ::RTypedData.
+ *
+ * This is an  implementation detail of inline functions defined  in this file.
+ * People don't use it directly.
  *
  * @param[in]  obj    Object in question
  * @retval     true   `obj` is an instance of ::RTypedData.
- * @retval     false  `obj` is an instance of ::RData.
- * @pre        `obj` must be a Ruby object of ::RUBY_T_DATA.
+ * @retval     false  `obj` is not an instance of ::RTypedData
  */
 static inline bool
-rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(VALUE obj)
+rbimpl_obj_typeddata_p(VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE typed_flag = RTYPEDDATA(obj)->typed_flag;
-    return typed_flag != 0 && typed_flag <= 3;
+    return RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
- * Checks whether the passed object is ::RTypedData or ::RData.
+ * Checks whether the passed object is ::RTypedData.
  *
  * @param[in]  obj    Object in question
- * @retval     true   `obj` is an instance of ::RTypedData.
- * @retval     false  `obj` is an instance of ::RData.
+ * @retval     true
  * @pre        `obj` must be a Ruby object of ::RUBY_T_DATA.
  */
 static inline bool
 RTYPEDDATA_P(VALUE obj)
 {
-#if RUBY_DEBUG
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(! RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA))) {
-        Check_Type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
-        RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false);
-    }
-#endif
+    RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false));
 
-    return rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(obj);
+    return true;
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-/* :TODO: can this function be __attribute__((returns_nonnull)) or not? */
+RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
 /**
  * Queries for the type of given object.
  *
@@ -598,20 +674,93 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
  * @return     Data type struct that corresponds to `obj`.
  * @pre        `obj` must be an instance of ::RTypedData.
  */
-static inline const struct rb_data_type_struct *
+static inline const rb_data_type_t *
 RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(VALUE obj)
 {
-#if RUBY_DEBUG
-    if (RB_UNLIKELY(! RTYPEDDATA_P(obj))) {
-        rb_unexpected_type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
-        RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
+    RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL));
+
+    VALUE type = RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type & TYPED_DATA_PTR_MASK;
+    const rb_data_type_t *ptr = RBIMPL_CAST((const rb_data_type_t *)type);
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(ptr);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+static inline bool
+rbimpl_typeddata_inherited_p_inline(const rb_data_type_t *child, const rb_data_type_t *parent)
+{
+    do {
+        if (RB_LIKELY(child == parent)) return true;
+    } while ((child = child->parent) != NULL);
+    return false;
+}
+#define rb_typeddata_inherited_p rbimpl_typeddata_inherited_p_inline
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
+static inline bool
+rbimpl_typeddata_is_kind_of_inline(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!rbimpl_obj_typeddata_p(obj))) return false;
+    return rb_typeddata_inherited_p(RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj), data_type);
+}
+#define rb_typeddata_is_kind_of rbimpl_typeddata_is_kind_of_inline
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * This  is an  implementation detail  of  TypedData_Get_Struct().  Don't use  it
+ * directly.
+ */
+static inline void *
+rbimpl_check_typeddata(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *expected_type)
+{
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!rbimpl_obj_typeddata_p(obj))) {
+        rb_unexpected_object_type(obj, expected_type->wrap_struct_name);
+    }
+
+    const rb_data_type_t *actual_type = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(!rb_typeddata_inherited_p(actual_type, expected_type))){
+        rb_unexpected_typeddata(actual_type, expected_type);
     }
-#endif
 
-    return RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type;
+    return RTYPEDDATA_GET_DATA(obj);
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * This  is an  implementation detail  of  RTYPEDDATA_DATA().  Don't use  it
+ * directly.
+ */
+static inline VALUE
+rbimpl_check_external_typeddata(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RBIMPL_TYPEDDATA_PRECONDITION(obj, RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!rbimpl_typeddata_embedded_p(obj));
+    return obj;
 }
 
 /**
+ * Obtains a C struct from inside of a wrapper Ruby object.
+ *
+ * @param      obj            An instance of ::RTypedData.
+ * @param      type           Type name of the C struct.
+ * @param      data_type      The data type describing `type`.
+ * @param      sval           Variable name of obtained C struct.
+ * @exception  rb_eTypeError  `obj` is not a kind of `data_type`.
+ * @return     Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
+ */
+#define TypedData_Get_Struct(obj,type,data_type,sval) \
+    ((sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)rbimpl_check_typeddata((obj), (data_type))))
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
+/**
  * While  we don't  stop  you from  using  this  function, it  seems  to be  an
  * implementation  detail of  #TypedData_Make_Struct, which  is preferred  over
  * this one.
@@ -632,12 +781,4 @@ rb_data_typed_object_make(VALUE klass, const rb_data_type_t *type, void **datap,
     return result;
 }
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_data_typed_object_wrap"))
-/** @deprecated  This function was renamed to rb_data_typed_object_wrap(). */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_data_typed_object_alloc(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type)
-{
-    return rb_data_typed_object_wrap(klass, datap, type);
-}
-
 #endif /* RBIMPL_RTYPEDDATA_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/ctype.h b/include/ruby/internal/ctype.h
index 0f7ca6c516..8b24026311 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/ctype.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/ctype.h
@@ -498,8 +498,8 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
  * Our own locale-insensitive version of `tolower(3)`.
  *
  * @param[in]  c          Byte in question to convert.
- * @retval     c          The  byte is  not listed  in in  IEEE 1003.1  section
- *                        7.3.1.1 "upper".
+ * @retval     c          The byte is not listed  in IEEE 1003.1 section 7.3.1.1
+ *                        "upper".
  * @retval     otherwise  Byte converted  using the map defined  in IEEE 1003.1
  *                        section 7.3.1 "tolower".
  * @note       Not only  does this function  works under the POSIX  Locale, but
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h b/include/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
index 7a81208c9e..c89f871518 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/encoding/coderange.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST()
 static inline bool
 RB_ENC_CODERANGE_CLEAN_P(enum ruby_coderange_type cr)
 {
-    return rb_enc_coderange_clean_p(cr);
+    return rb_enc_coderange_clean_p(RBIMPL_CAST((int)cr));
 }
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h b/include/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h
index 2cfa91c01e..ea78cf23f3 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/encoding/string.h
@@ -264,6 +264,14 @@ VALUE rb_str_conv_enc(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to);
 VALUE rb_str_conv_enc_opts(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to, int ecflags, VALUE ecopts);
 
 /**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * This is an implementation detail of rb_enc_str_coderange().  Don't use this
+ * directly.
+ **/
+int rbimpl_enc_str_coderange_scan(VALUE str);
+
+/**
  * Scans the passed string to collect  its code range.  Because a Ruby's string
  * is mutable, its contents  change from time to time; so  does its code range.
  * A  long-lived string  tends  to fall  back to  ::RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN.
@@ -275,6 +283,27 @@ VALUE rb_str_conv_enc_opts(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to, int ec
 int rb_enc_str_coderange(VALUE str);
 
 /**
+ * Scans the passed string to collect  its code range.  Because a Ruby's string
+ * is mutable, its contents  change from time to time; so  does its code range.
+ * A  long-lived string  tends  to fall  back to  ::RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN.
+ * This API scans it and re-assigns a fine-grained code range constant.
+ *
+ * @param[out]  str  A string.
+ * @return      An enum ::ruby_coderange_type.
+ */
+static inline int
+rb_enc_str_coderange_inline(VALUE str)
+{
+    int cr = ENC_CODERANGE(str);
+    if (cr == ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN) {
+        cr = rbimpl_enc_str_coderange_scan(str);
+    }
+    return cr;
+}
+
+#define rb_enc_str_coderange rb_enc_str_coderange_inline
+
+/**
  * Scans the passed string until it finds something odd.  Returns the number of
  * bytes scanned.  As the name implies this is suitable for repeated call.  One
  * of its application is `IO#readlines`.   The method reads from its receiver's
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/error.h b/include/ruby/internal/error.h
index 3ff885b2b1..5bf82bfe7d 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/error.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/error.h
@@ -421,11 +421,12 @@ void rb_readwrite_syserr_fail(enum rb_io_wait_readwrite waiting, int err, const
 RBIMPL_ATTR_COLD()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
 /**
+ * @private
+ *
  * Fails with the given object's type incompatibility to the type.
  *
- * It  seems this  function is  visible from  extension libraries  only because
- * RTYPEDDATA_TYPE() uses  it on RUBY_DEBUG.   So you can basically  ignore it;
- * use some other fine-grained method instead.
+ * This  is  an implementation  detail  of  Check_Type.   People don't  use  it
+ * directly.
  *
  * @param[in]  self           The object in question.
  * @param[in]  t              Expected type of the object.
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/eval.h b/include/ruby/internal/eval.h
index 5bcbb97746..23aa1d9580 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/eval.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/eval.h
@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ VALUE rb_funcallv(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]      kw_splat           Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  No such method.
  * @exception      rb_eException      Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return         What the method evaluates to.
@@ -189,7 +190,8 @@ VALUE rb_funcallv_public(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]      kw_splat           Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  No such method.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  The method is private or protected.
  * @exception      rb_eException      Any exceptions happen inside.
@@ -261,7 +263,8 @@ VALUE rb_funcall_passing_block(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]      kw_splat           Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  No such method.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  The method is private or protected.
  * @exception      rb_eException      Any exceptions happen inside.
@@ -307,7 +310,8 @@ VALUE rb_funcall_with_block(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VAL
  * @param[in]      kw_splat           Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  No such method.
  * @exception      rb_eNoMethodError  The method is private or protected.
  * @exception      rb_eException      Any exceptions happen inside.
@@ -335,7 +339,8 @@ VALUE rb_call_super(int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]  kw_splat           Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eNoMethodError  No super method are there.
  * @exception  rb_eException      Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return     What the super method evaluates to.
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/fl_type.h b/include/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
index f80f65ef8f..f7ec742422 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/fl_type.h
@@ -59,10 +59,8 @@
 #define FL_WB_PROTECTED RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED)         /**< @old{RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED} */
 #define FL_PROMOTED     RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_PROMOTED)             /**< @old{RUBY_FL_PROMOTED} */
 #define FL_FINALIZE     RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_FINALIZE)             /**< @old{RUBY_FL_FINALIZE} */
-#define FL_TAINT        RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_TAINT)                /**< @old{RUBY_FL_TAINT} */
 #define FL_SHAREABLE    RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE)            /**< @old{RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE} */
 #define FL_UNTRUSTED    RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED)            /**< @old{RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED} */
-#define FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID  RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID)          /**< @old{RUBY_FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID} */
 #define FL_EXIVAR       RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_EXIVAR)               /**< @old{RUBY_FL_EXIVAR} */
 #define FL_FREEZE       RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)RUBY_FL_FREEZE)               /**< @old{RUBY_FL_FREEZE} */
 
@@ -110,8 +108,6 @@
 #define RB_OBJ_FREEZE_RAW    RB_OBJ_FREEZE_RAW
 #define RB_OBJ_FROZEN        RB_OBJ_FROZEN
 #define RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW    RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW
-#define RB_OBJ_UNTRUST       RB_OBJ_TAINT
-#define RB_OBJ_UNTRUSTED     RB_OBJ_TAINTED
 /** @endcond */
 
 /**
@@ -136,15 +132,6 @@
 #define OBJ_FREEZE_RAW  RB_OBJ_FREEZE_RAW  /**< @old{RB_OBJ_FREEZE_RAW} */
 #define OBJ_FROZEN      RB_OBJ_FROZEN      /**< @old{RB_OBJ_FROZEN} */
 #define OBJ_FROZEN_RAW  RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW  /**< @old{RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW} */
-#define OBJ_INFECT      RB_OBJ_INFECT      /**< @old{RB_OBJ_INFECT} */
-#define OBJ_INFECT_RAW  RB_OBJ_INFECT_RAW  /**< @old{RB_OBJ_INFECT_RAW} */
-#define OBJ_TAINT       RB_OBJ_TAINT       /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINT} */
-#define OBJ_TAINTABLE   RB_OBJ_TAINTABLE   /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINT_RAW} */
-#define OBJ_TAINTED     RB_OBJ_TAINTED     /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINTED} */
-#define OBJ_TAINTED_RAW RB_OBJ_TAINTED_RAW /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINTED_RAW} */
-#define OBJ_TAINT_RAW   RB_OBJ_TAINT_RAW   /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINT_RAW} */
-#define OBJ_UNTRUST     RB_OBJ_UNTRUST     /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINT} */
-#define OBJ_UNTRUSTED   RB_OBJ_UNTRUSTED   /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINTED} */
 /** @} */
 
 /**
@@ -222,7 +209,7 @@ ruby_fl_type {
      *
      * @internal
      */
-    RUBY_FL_UNUSED6    = (1<<6),
+    RUBY_FL_UNUSED6      = (1<<6),
 
     /**
      * This flag has  something to do with finalisers.  A  ruby object can have
@@ -239,16 +226,16 @@ ruby_fl_type {
     RUBY_FL_FINALIZE     = (1<<7),
 
     /**
-     * @deprecated  This flag once was a thing  back in the old days, but makes
-     *              no  sense  any longer  today.   Exists  here for  backwards
+     * @deprecated  This flag was an implementation detail that should never have
+     *              no been exposed. Exists  here for  backwards
      *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
      */
-    RUBY_FL_TAINT
+    RUBY_FL_EXIVAR
 
 #if defined(RBIMPL_HAVE_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE)
-    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("FL_EXIVAR is an outdated implementation detail, it should not be used."))
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-# pragma deprecated(RUBY_FL_TAINT)
+# pragma deprecated(RUBY_FL_EXIVAR)
 #endif
 
                          = 0,
@@ -265,52 +252,19 @@ ruby_fl_type {
      */
     RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE    = (1<<8),
 
-    /**
-     * @deprecated  This flag once was a thing  back in the old days, but makes
-     *              no  sense  any longer  today.   Exists  here for  backwards
-     *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
-     */
-    RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED
-
-#if defined(RBIMPL_HAVE_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE)
-    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("trustedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-# pragma deprecated(RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED)
-#endif
-
-                         = 0,
+   /**
+    * This object weakly refers to other objects.
+    *
+    * @internal
+    */
+    RUBY_FL_WEAK_REFERENCE = (1<<9),
 
-    /**
-     * This flag has something to do with  object IDs.  Unlike in the old days,
-     * an object's object  ID (that a user can  query using `Object#object_id`)
-     * is no longer its physical address represented using Ruby level integers.
-     * It is  now a  monotonic-increasing integer  unrelated to  the underlying
-     * memory arrangement.  Object IDs are assigned when necessary; objects are
-     * born without one,  and will eventually have such  property when queried.
-     * The interpreter has to manage which one is which.  This is the flag that
-     * helps the  management.  Objects  with this  flag set  are the  ones with
-     * object IDs assigned.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     *
-     * But honestly, @shyouhei  doesn't think this flag should  be visible from
-     * 3rd parties.  It must be an implementation detail that they should never
-     * know.  Might better be hidden.
-     */
-    RUBY_FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID  = (1<<9),
-
-    /**
-     * This flag has something to do with instance variables.  3rd parties need
-     * not  know, but  there are  several ways  to store  an object's  instance
-     * variables.   Objects  with this  flag  use  so-called "generic"  backend
-     * storage.  This  distinction is purely an  implementation detail.  People
-     * need not be aware of this working behind-the-scene.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     *
-     * As of writing everything except ::RObject and RModule use this scheme.
-     */
-    RUBY_FL_EXIVAR       = (1<<10),
+   /**
+    * This flag is no longer in use
+    *
+    * @internal
+    */
+    RUBY_FL_UNUSED10 = (1<<10),
 
     /**
      * This flag has something to do with data immutability.  When this flag is
@@ -398,23 +352,6 @@ ruby_fl_type {
     RUBY_FL_SINGLETON = RUBY_FL_USER1,
 };
 
-enum {
-    /**
-     * @deprecated  This flag once was a thing  back in the old days, but makes
-     *              no  sense  any longer  today.   Exists  here for  backwards
-     *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
-     */
-    RUBY_FL_DUPPED
-
-#if defined(RBIMPL_HAVE_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE)
-    RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("It seems there is no actual usage of this enum."))
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-# pragma deprecated(RUBY_FL_DUPPED)
-#endif
-
-    = (int)RUBY_T_MASK | (int)RUBY_FL_EXIVAR
-};
-
 #undef RBIMPL_HAVE_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
@@ -446,10 +383,8 @@ RB_FL_ABLE(VALUE obj)
     if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
         return false;
     }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_NODE)) {
-        return false;
-    }
     else {
+        RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_NODE));
         return true;
     }
 }
@@ -743,128 +678,6 @@ RB_FL_REVERSE(VALUE obj, VALUE flags)
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   obj  Object in question.
- * @return      false always.
- */
-static inline bool
-RB_OBJ_TAINTABLE(VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)obj;
-    return false;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   obj  Object in question.
- * @return      false always.
- */
-static inline VALUE
-RB_OBJ_TAINTED_RAW(VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)obj;
-    return false;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   obj  Object in question.
- * @return      false always.
- */
-static inline bool
-RB_OBJ_TAINTED(VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)obj;
-    return false;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   obj  Object in question.
- */
-static inline void
-RB_OBJ_TAINT_RAW(VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)obj;
-    return;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   obj  Object in question.
- */
-static inline void
-RB_OBJ_TAINT(VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)obj;
-    return;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   dst  Victim object.
- * @param[in]   src  Infectant object.
- */
-static inline void
-RB_OBJ_INFECT_RAW(VALUE dst, VALUE src)
-{
-    (void)dst;
-    (void)src;
-    return;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  This function  once was a thing  in the old days,  but makes no
- *              sense   any   longer   today.   Exists   here   for   backwards
- *              compatibility only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @param[in]   dst  Victim object.
- * @param[in]   src  Infectant object.
- */
-static inline void
-RB_OBJ_INFECT(VALUE dst, VALUE src)
-{
-    (void)dst;
-    (void)src;
-    return;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
  * This is an  implementation detail of RB_OBJ_FROZEN().  3rd  parties need not
  * use this.  Just always use RB_OBJ_FROZEN().
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/gc.h b/include/ruby/internal/gc.h
index 5ab3bb266e..1900b48a75 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/gc.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/gc.h
@@ -436,153 +436,6 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 #endif
 
 /**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RArray.  It has to be set  at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RHash.  It has  to be set at the time  ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_HASH
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_HASH 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RStruct.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_STRUCT
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_STRUCT 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RString.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_STRING
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_STRING 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RObject.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_OBJECT
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_OBJECT 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RRegexp.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_REGEXP
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_REGEXP 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RMatch.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_MATCH
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_MATCH 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RClass.  It has to be set  at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RFloat.  It has to be set  at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_FLOAT
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_FLOAT 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RComplex.   It has  to be  set at  the time  ruby itself  compiles.
- * Makes no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_COMPLEX
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_COMPLEX 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RRational.  It  has to  be set  at the  time ruby  itself compiles.
- * Makes no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_RATIONAL
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_RATIONAL 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * This  is   a  compile-time   flag  to   enable/disable  write   barrier  for
- * struct ::RBignum.  It has to be set at the time ruby itself compiles.  Makes
- * no sense for 3rd parties.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_BIGNUM
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_BIGNUM 1
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private
- *
- * @deprecated  This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
- *              any  longer today.   Exists  here  for backwards  compatibility
- *              only.  You can safely forget about it.
- *
- * @internal
- *
- * @shyouhei doesn't think anybody uses this right now.
- */
-#ifndef RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_NODE_CREF
-# define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_NODE_CREF 1
-#endif
-
-/**
  * @defgroup rgengc Write barrier (WB) interfaces:
  *
  * @note The following  core interfaces can  be changed in the  future.  Please
@@ -621,11 +474,11 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 #define OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT /**< @old{RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT} */
 
 /**
- * Asserts that the passed object is  not fenced by write barriers.  Objects of
- * such  property do  not contribute  to  generational GCs.   They are  scanned
- * always.
+ * Marks the object as not protected by write barriers. These objects do not
+ * participate in generational GCs which means that, as long as the object is
+ * alive, they will be scanned on every GC cycle.
  *
- * @param[out]  x  An object that would not be protected by the barrier.
+ * @param[out]  x  An object that is not protected by the write barrier.
  */
 #define RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(x) rb_obj_wb_unprotect(x, __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
@@ -640,8 +493,7 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
  *
  * @shyouhei doesn't understand why this has to be visible from extensions.
  */
-#define RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT_FOR(type, obj) \
-    (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_##type ? OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(obj) : obj)
+#define RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT_FOR(type, obj) OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(obj)
 
 /**
  * @private
@@ -823,7 +675,4 @@ rb_obj_write(
     return a;
 }
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("Will be removed soon"))
-static inline void rb_gc_force_recycle(VALUE obj){}
-
 #endif /* RBIMPL_GC_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/globals.h b/include/ruby/internal/globals.h
index 60d8e5309a..9beb215c0c 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/globals.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/globals.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cBasicObject;            /**< `BasicObject` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cObject;                 /**< `Object` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cArray;                  /**< `Array` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cBinding;                /**< `Binding` class. */
+RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cBox;                    /**< `Ruby::Box` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cClass;                  /**< `Class` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cDir;                    /**< `Dir` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cEncoding;               /**< `Encoding` class. */
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cRandom;                 /**< `Random` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cRange;                  /**< `Range` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cRational;               /**< `Rational` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cRegexp;                 /**< `Regexp` class. */
+RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cSet;                    /**< `Set` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cStat;                   /**< `File::Stat` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cString;                 /**< `String` class. */
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cStruct;                 /**< `Struct` class. */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
index c27f77a1fb..6ab26fef71 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/bignum.h
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 # include <stddef.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+# include <sys/types.h>         /* for ssize_t (note: on Windows ssize_t is */
+#endif                          /* `#define`d in ruby/config.h) */
+
 #include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/value.h"
@@ -841,6 +845,47 @@ size_t rb_absint_numwords(VALUE val, size_t word_numbits, size_t *nlz_bits_ret);
  */
 int rb_absint_singlebit_p(VALUE val);
 
+/**
+ * @name Flags for rb_int_parse_cstr()
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/** Allows a leading sign (`+` or `-`). */
+#define RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN       0x01
+
+/** Allows underscores between digits. */
+#define RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE 0x02
+
+/** Allows a base prefix (`0x`, `0b`, `0o`, `0d`). */
+#define RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX     0x04
+
+/** Shorthand for all of the above flags combined. */
+#define RB_INT_PARSE_ALL        0x07
+
+/** Default flags (all features enabled). */
+#define RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT    0x07
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+ * Parses a C string to convert into a Ruby integer, with detailed control over
+ * parsing behaviour.  Unlike rb_cstr_to_inum(), this function can report the
+ * end position of the parsed integer and the number of parsed digits.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   str       Pointer to the string to parse.
+ * @param[in]   len       Length of `str` in bytes, or `-1` to use `strlen(str)`.
+ * @param[out]  endp      If not `NULL`, the pointer to the first unparsed
+ *                        character is stored here on return.
+ * @param[out]  ndigits   If not `NULL`, the number of parsed digits (excluding
+ *                        prefix, sign, and underscores) is stored here.
+ * @param[in]   base      Base of conversion.  `0` means auto-detect from
+ *                        prefix.  `2..36` for explicit base.
+ * @param[in]   flags     Bitwise or of `RB_INT_PARSE_*` macros.
+ * @return      A Ruby Integer (Fixnum or Bignum), or `Qnil` on parse failure
+ *              (when no digits are found).
+ */
+VALUE rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, size_t *ndigits, int base, int flags);
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_BIGNUM_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
index e111bd8ced..1efc093631 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/complex.h
@@ -87,10 +87,6 @@ VALUE rb_complex_new(VALUE real, VALUE imag);
  */
 VALUE rb_complex_new_polar(VALUE abs, VALUE arg);
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_complex_new_polar"))
-/** @old{rb_complex_new_polar} */
-VALUE rb_complex_polar(VALUE abs, VALUE arg);
-
 RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
 /**
  * Queries the real part of the passed Complex.
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
index 32647f48aa..2d813ceb9d 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/cont.h
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_resume(VALUE fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]   kw_splat        Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception   rb_eFiberError  `fiber` is terminated etc.
  * @exception   rb_eException   Any exceptions happen in `fiber`.
  * @return      Either what was yielded or the last value of the fiber body.
@@ -192,7 +193,8 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_yield(int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]  kw_splat        Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eException   What was raised using `Fiber#raise`.
  * @return     (See rb_fiber_resume() for details)
  */
@@ -247,7 +249,8 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]   kw_splat        Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception   rb_eFiberError  (See above)
  * @exception   rb_eException   What was raised using `Fiber#raise`.
  * @return      (See rb_fiber_resume() for details)
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_transfer_kw(VALUE fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_spla
  * @exception   rb_eFiberError  `fiber` is terminated etc.
  * @return      (See rb_fiber_resume() for details)
  */
-VALUE rb_fiber_raise(VALUE fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
+VALUE rb_fiber_raise(VALUE fiber, int argc, VALUE *argv);
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
index 20e5d7c6fc..00804d786a 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/enumerator.h
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ VALUE rb_enumeratorize_with_size(VALUE recv, VALUE meth, int argc, const VALUE *
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eTypeError    `meth` is not an instance of ::rb_cSymbol.
  * @return     A  new   instance  of  ::rb_cEnumerator  which,   when  yielded,
  *             enumerates by calling `meth` on `recv` with `argv`.
@@ -186,7 +187,8 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @return     A  new   instance  of  ::rb_cEnumerator  which,   when  yielded,
  *             enumerates by calling the current method on `recv` with `argv`.
  */
@@ -220,7 +222,8 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @note       This macro may return inside.
  */
 #define RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR_KW(obj, argc, argv, size_fn, kw_splat) do { \
@@ -250,7 +253,8 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @note       This macro may return inside.
  */
 #define RETURN_ENUMERATOR_KW(obj, argc, argv, kw_splat) \
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/file.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
index b669758d21..8508b7ab9e 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/file.h
@@ -211,22 +211,6 @@ int rb_is_absolute_path(const char *path);
  */
 rb_off_t rb_file_size(VALUE file);
 
-#ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY()
-#endif
-/**
- * If the PATH_SEPARATOR-separated list of directory names contains the name of
- * a world-writable directory, issue a warning  for it.  This may do nothing on
- * some platforms.
- *
- * @param[in]  path       A local path.
- * @retval     0          The "check" succeeded.
- * @retval     otherwise  The "check" failed.
- * @note       This  feature may  be  disabled  by setting  `ENABLE_PATH_CHECK`
- *             macro to zero at compilation time.
- */
-int rb_path_check(const char *path);
-
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_FILE_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/object.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
index 9daad7d046..3897639a0a 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/object.h
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ VALUE rb_class_new_instance(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eTypeError    `klass`'s allocator is undefined.
  * @exception  rb_eException    Any exceptions can happen inside.
  * @return     An allocated new instance of `klass`.
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
index b8c3c5e146..2635d672eb 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/proc.h
@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ VALUE rb_proc_call(VALUE recv, VALUE args);
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `args`' last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `args`' last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eException    Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return     What the proc evaluates to.
  */
@@ -141,7 +142,8 @@ VALUE rb_proc_call_with_block(VALUE recv, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE pro
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `args`' last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `args`' last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eException    Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return     What the proc evaluates to.
  */
@@ -245,7 +247,8 @@ VALUE rb_method_call(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE recv);
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `args`' last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `args`' last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eTypeError    `recv` is not a method.
  * @exception  rb_eException    Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return     What the method returns.
@@ -279,7 +282,8 @@ VALUE rb_method_call_with_block(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE recv, VALUE p
  * @param[in]  kw_splat         Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `args`' last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `args`' last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @exception  rb_eTypeError    `recv` is not a method.
  * @exception  rb_eException    Any exceptions happen inside.
  * @return     What the method returns.
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/select.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
index 6ba84c6e63..ba75213618 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/select.h
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ struct timeval;
  * someone else, vastly varies among operating systems.  You would better avoid
  * touching an fd from more than one threads.
  *
+ * NOTE: this function is used in native extensions, so change its API with care.
+ *
  * @internal
  *
  * Although  any file  descriptors are  possible here,  it makes  completely no
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/set.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4ff8665e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#ifndef RBIMPL_INTERN_SET_H                         /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RBIMPL_INTERN_SET_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author     Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright  This  file  is   a  part  of  the   programming  language  Ruby.
+ *             Permission  is hereby  granted,  to  either redistribute  and/or
+ *             modify this file, provided that  the conditions mentioned in the
+ *             file COPYING are met.  Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning    Symbols   prefixed  with   either  `RBIMPL`   or  `rbimpl`   are
+ *             implementation details.   Don't take  them as canon.  They could
+ *             rapidly appear then vanish.  The name (path) of this header file
+ *             is also an  implementation detail.  Do not expect  it to persist
+ *             at the place it is now.  Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ *             anytime at will.
+ * @note       To  ruby-core:  remember  that   this  header  can  be  possibly
+ *             recursively included  from extension  libraries written  in C++.
+ *             Do not  expect for  instance `__VA_ARGS__` is  always available.
+ *             We assume C99  for ruby itself but we don't  assume languages of
+ *             extension libraries.  They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief      Public APIs related to ::rb_cSet.
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
+
+RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
+
+/* set.c */
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
+/**
+ * Iterates   over  a   set.  Calls func with each element of the set and the
+ * argument given. func should return ST_CONTINUE, ST_STOP, or ST_DELETE.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  set               An instance of ::rb_cSet to iterate over.
+ * @param[in]  func              Callback function to yield.
+ * @param[in]  arg               Passed as-is to `func`.
+ * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  `set` was tampered during iterating.
+ */
+void rb_set_foreach(VALUE set, int (*func)(VALUE element, VALUE arg), VALUE arg);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new, empty set object.
+ *
+ * @return  An allocated new instance of ::rb_cSet.
+ */
+VALUE rb_set_new(void);
+
+/**
+ * Identical to rb_set_new(), except it additionally specifies how many elements
+ * it is expected to contain. This way you can create a set that is large enough
+ * for your need. For large sets, it means it won't need to be reallocated
+ * much, improving performance.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  capa  Designed capacity of the set.
+ * @return     An empty Set, whose capacity is `capa`.
+ */
+VALUE rb_set_new_capa(size_t capa);
+
+/**
+ * Whether the set contains the given element.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  set      Set to look into.
+ * @param[in]  element  Set element to look for.
+ * @return     true if element is in the set, falst otherwise.
+ */
+bool rb_set_lookup(VALUE set, VALUE element);
+
+/**
+ * Adds element to set.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   set              Target set table to modify.
+ * @param[in]   element          Arbitrary Ruby object.
+ * @exception   rb_eFrozenError  `set` is frozen.
+ * @return      true if element was not already in set, false otherwise
+ * @post        `element` is in `set`.
+ */
+bool rb_set_add(VALUE set, VALUE element);
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries from set.
+ *
+ * @param[out]  set             Target to clear.
+ * @exception   rb_eFrozenError  `set`is frozen.
+ * @return      The passed `set`
+ * @post        `set` has no elements.
+ */
+VALUE rb_set_clear(VALUE set);
+
+/**
+ * Removes the element from from set.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   set        Target set to modify.
+ * @param[in]   element    Key to delete.
+ * @retval      true if element was already in set, false otherwise
+ * @post        `set` does not have `element` as an element.
+ */
+bool rb_set_delete(VALUE set, VALUE element);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of elements in the set.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  set  A set object.
+ * @return     The size of the set.
+ */
+size_t rb_set_size(VALUE set);
+
+RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
+
+#endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_SET_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/string.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
index 4573ec1262..8bd1ffcfb4 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/string.h
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ VALUE rb_utf8_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len);
 
 /**
  * Identical to rb_interned_str(),  except it takes a Ruby's  string instead of
- * C's.  It can also be seen  as a routine identical to rb_str_new_shared(),
- * except it returns an infamous "f"string.
+ * C's and preserves its encoding.  It can also be seen  as a routine identical
+ * to rb_str_new_shared(), except it returns an infamous "f"string.
  *
  * @param[in]  str  An object of ::RString.
  * @return     An instance  of ::rb_cString, either cached  or allocated, which
@@ -444,8 +444,9 @@ VALUE rb_str_to_interned_str(VALUE str);
  *                           terminating NUL character.
  * @exception  rb_eArgError  `len` is negative.
  * @return     A  found or  created instance  of ::rb_cString,  of `len`  bytes
- *             length, of  "binary" encoding,  whose contents are  identical to
- *             that of `ptr`.
+ *             length,  whose  contents  are  identical  to that of `ptr`.  Its
+ *             encoding  will  be US-ASCII if all bytes are lower ASCII, BINARY
+ *             otherwise.
  * @pre        At  least  `len` bytes  of  continuous  memory region  shall  be
  *             accessible via `ptr`.
  */
@@ -461,8 +462,9 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  *
  * @param[in]  ptr             A C string.
  * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  Failed to allocate memory.
- * @return     An  instance  of  ::rb_cString,   of  "binary"  encoding,  whose
- *             contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
+ * @return     An  instance  of  ::rb_cString, whose contents are verbatim copy
+ *             of `ptr`. Its encoding  will  be US-ASCII if all bytes are lower
+ *             ASCII, BINARY otherwise.
  * @pre        `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
  */
 VALUE rb_interned_str_cstr(const char *ptr);
@@ -591,10 +593,9 @@ void rb_must_asciicompat(VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_str_dup(VALUE str);
 
 /**
- * I guess there  is no use case  of this function in  extension libraries, but
- * this is  a routine identical  to rb_str_dup(),  except it always  creates an
- * instance of ::rb_cString regardless of the given object's class.  This makes
- * the most sense when the passed string is formerly hidden by rb_obj_hide().
+ * Like rb_str_dup(), but always create an instance of  ::rb_cString
+ * regardless of the given object's class. This makes the most sense
+ * when the passed string is formerly hidden by rb_obj_hide().
  *
  * @param[in]  str  A string, possibly hidden.
  * @return     A duplicated new instance of ::rb_cString.
@@ -970,8 +971,8 @@ st_index_t rb_str_hash(VALUE str);
  *
  * @param[in]  str1  A string.
  * @param[in]  str2  Another string.
- * @retval     1     They have identical contents, length, and encodings.
- * @retval     0     Otherwise.
+ * @retval     0     They have identical contents, length, and encodings.
+ * @retval     1     Otherwise.
  * @pre        Both   objects   must  not  be  any   arbitrary  objects  except
  *             ::RString.
  *
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
index 716375acd7..4d87452745 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/thread.h
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ int rb_thread_wait_fd(int fd);
 int rb_thread_fd_writable(int fd);
 
 /**
- * Notifies a closing of a file  descriptor to other threads.  Multiple threads
- * can wait for the given file descriptor  at once.  If such file descriptor is
- * closed, threads need to start propagating their exceptions.  This is the API
- * to kick that process.
+ * This funciton is now a no-op. It was previously used to interrupt threads
+ * that were using the given file descriptor and wait for them to finish.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use IO with RUBY_IO_MODE_EXTERNAL and `rb_io_close` instead.
  *
  * @param[in]  fd  A file descriptor.
  * @note       This function blocks  until all the threads waiting  for such fd
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
index 479c3950c1..315584790c 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/variable.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ VALUE rb_mod_name(VALUE mod);
  */
 VALUE rb_class_path(VALUE mod);
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_mod_name"))
 /**
  * @alias{rb_mod_name}
  *
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h b/include/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
index 29e0c7f534..f0b54c702c 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/intern/vm.h
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ VALUE rb_check_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv);
  * @param[in]      kw_splat     Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @retval         RUBY_Qundef  `recv` doesn't respond to `mid`.
  * @retval         otherwise    What the method evaluates to.
  */
@@ -106,9 +107,11 @@ VALUE rb_check_funcall_kw(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int k
  * @param[in]  kw_splat  Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `arg`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `arg`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @return     What the command evaluates to.
  */
+RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL(4.0)
 VALUE rb_eval_cmd_kw(VALUE cmd, VALUE arg, int kw_splat);
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/iterator.h b/include/ruby/internal/iterator.h
index 5f706460f8..891045363e 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/iterator.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/iterator.h
@@ -265,48 +265,6 @@ int rb_block_given_p(void);
  */
 void rb_need_block(void);
 
-#ifndef __cplusplus
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_block_call since 1.9"))
-#endif
-/**
- * Old way to iterate a block.
- *
- * @deprecated     This is an old API.  Use rb_block_call() instead.
- * @warning        The passed  function must at  least once call a  ruby method
- *                 (to handle interrupts etc.)
- * @param[in]      func1  A function that could yield a value.
- * @param[in,out]  data1  Passed to `func1`
- * @param[in]      proc   A function acts as a block.
- * @param[in,out]  data2  Passed to `proc` as the data2 parameter.
- * @return         What `func1` returns.
- */
-VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(VALUE), VALUE data1, rb_block_call_func_t proc, VALUE data2);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-namespace ruby {
-namespace backward {
-/**
- * Old way to iterate a block.
- *
- * @deprecated     This is an old API.  Use rb_block_call() instead.
- * @warning        The passed  function must at  least once call a  ruby method
- *                 (to handle interrupts etc.)
- * @param[in]      iter   A function that could yield a value.
- * @param[in,out]  data1  Passed to `func1`
- * @param[in]      bl     A function acts as a block.
- * @param[in,out]  data2  Passed to `proc` as the data2 parameter.
- * @return         What `func1` returns.
- */
-static inline VALUE
-rb_iterate_deprecated(VALUE (*iter)(VALUE), VALUE data1, rb_block_call_func_t bl, VALUE data2)
-{
-    return ::rb_iterate(iter, data1, bl, data2);
-}}}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_block_call since 1.9"))
-VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(VALUE), VALUE data1, rb_block_call_func_t proc, VALUE data2);
-#endif
-
 /**
  * Identical to  rb_funcallv(), except it  additionally passes a function  as a
  * block.  When the  method yields, `proc` is called with  the yielded value as
@@ -337,7 +295,8 @@ VALUE rb_block_call(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, rb_block_cal
  * @param[in]      kw_splat  Handling of keyword parameters:
  *   - RB_NO_KEYWORDS           `argv`'s last is not a keyword argument.
  *   - RB_PASS_KEYWORDS         `argv`'s last is a keyword argument.
- *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  it depends if there is a passed block.
+ *   - RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS  Pass keyword arguments if the current method
+ *                              was called with keyword arguments.
  * @return         What `obj.mid` returns.
  */
 VALUE rb_block_call_kw(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, rb_block_call_func_t proc, VALUE data2, int kw_splat);
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/memory.h b/include/ruby/internal/memory.h
index 9fc6c39efc..eb9c1d2525 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/memory.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/memory.h
@@ -408,7 +408,8 @@ typedef uint128_t DSIZE_T;
 /**
  * @private
  *
- * This is an implementation detail of rbimpl_size_mul_overflow().
+ * This is an implementation detail of rbimpl_size_mul_overflow() and
+ * rbimpl_size_add_overflow().
  *
  * @internal
  *
@@ -416,9 +417,9 @@ typedef uint128_t DSIZE_T;
  * nothing more than std::variant<std::size_t> if  we could use recent C++, but
  * reality is we cannot.
  */
-struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag {
-    bool left;                  /**< Whether overflow happened or not. */
-    size_t right;               /**< Multiplication result. */
+struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag {
+    bool overflowed;            /**< Whether overflow happened or not. */
+    size_t result;              /**< Calculation result. */
 };
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
@@ -572,46 +573,46 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST()
  *
  * @param[in]  x  Arbitrary value.
  * @param[in]  y  Arbitrary value.
- * @return     `{ left, right }`,  where `left` is whether there  is an integer
- *             overflow or not,  and `right` is a  (possibly overflowed) result
- *             of `x` * `y`.
+ * @return     `{ overflowed, result }`, where  `overflowed` is whether there is
+ *             an  integer  overflow  or  not,   and  `result`  is  a  (possibly
+ *             overflowed) result of `x` * `y`.
  *
  * @internal
  *
  * This is in fact also an implementation detail of ruby_xmalloc2() etc.
  */
-static inline struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag
+static inline struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag
 rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(size_t x, size_t y)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag ret = { false,  0, };
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag ret = { false,  0, };
 
 #if defined(ckd_mul)
-    ret.left = ckd_mul(&ret.right, x, y);
+    ret.overflowed = ckd_mul(&ret.result, x, y);
 
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_mul_overflow)
-    ret.left = __builtin_mul_overflow(x, y, &ret.right);
+    ret.overflowed = __builtin_mul_overflow(x, y, &ret.result);
 
 #elif defined(DSIZE_T)
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dx = x;
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dy = y;
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dz = dx * dy;
-    ret.left  = dz > SIZE_MAX;
-    ret.right = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)dz);
+    ret.overflowed  = dz > SIZE_MAX;
+    ret.result = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)dz);
 
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
     unsigned __int64 dp = 0;
     unsigned __int64 dz = _umul128(x, y, &dp);
-    ret.left  = RBIMPL_CAST((bool)dp);
-    ret.right = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)dz);
+    ret.overflowed  = RBIMPL_CAST((bool)dp);
+    ret.result = RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)dz);
 
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_ARM64)
-    ret.left  = __umulh(x, y) != 0;
-    ret.right = x * y;
+    ret.overflowed  = __umulh(x, y) != 0;
+    ret.result = x * y;
 
 #else
     /* https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/c/INT30-C.+Ensure+that+unsigned+integer+operations+do+not+wrap */
-    ret.left  = (y != 0) && (x > SIZE_MAX / y);
-    ret.right = x * y;
+    ret.overflowed  = (y != 0) && (x > SIZE_MAX / y);
+    ret.result = x * y;
 #endif
 
     return ret;
@@ -635,11 +636,11 @@ rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(size_t x, size_t y)
 static inline size_t
 rbimpl_size_mul_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag size =
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag size =
         rbimpl_size_mul_overflow(x, y);
 
-    if (RB_LIKELY(! size.left)) {
-        return size.right;
+    if (RB_LIKELY(! size.overflowed)) {
+        return size.result;
     }
     else {
         ruby_malloc_size_overflow(x, y);
@@ -662,33 +663,33 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST()
  *
  * @param[in]  x  Arbitrary value.
  * @param[in]  y  Arbitrary value.
- * @return     `{ left, right }`,  where `left` is whether there  is an integer
- *             overflow or not,  and `right` is a  (possibly overflowed) result
- *             of `x` + `y`.
+ * @return     `{ overflowed, result }`, where  `overflowed` is whether there is
+ *             an  integer  overflow  or  not,   and  `result`  is  a  (possibly
+ *             overflowed) result of `x` + `y`.
  *
  * @internal
  */
-static inline struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag
+static inline struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag
 rbimpl_size_add_overflow(size_t x, size_t y)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag ret = { false,  0, };
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag ret = { false,  0, };
 
 #if defined(ckd_add)
-    ret.left = ckd_add(&ret.right, x, y);
+    ret.overflowed = ckd_add(&ret.result, x, y);
 
 #elif RBIMPL_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_add_overflow)
-    ret.left = __builtin_add_overflow(x, y, &ret.right);
+    ret.overflowed = __builtin_add_overflow(x, y, &ret.result);
 
 #elif defined(DSIZE_T)
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dx = x;
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dy = y;
     RB_GNUC_EXTENSION DSIZE_T dz = dx + dy;
-    ret.left = dz > SIZE_MAX;
-    ret.right = (size_t)dz;
+    ret.overflowed = dz > SIZE_MAX;
+    ret.result = (size_t)dz;
 
 #else
-    ret.right = x + y;
-    ret.left = ret.right < y;
+    ret.result = x + y;
+    ret.overflowed = ret.result < y;
 
 #endif
 
@@ -710,11 +711,11 @@ rbimpl_size_add_overflow(size_t x, size_t y)
 static inline size_t
 rbimpl_size_add_or_raise(size_t x, size_t y)
 {
-    struct rbimpl_size_mul_overflow_tag size =
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag size =
         rbimpl_size_add_overflow(x, y);
 
-    if (RB_LIKELY(!size.left)) {
-        return size.right;
+    if (RB_LIKELY(!size.overflowed)) {
+        return size.result;
     }
     else {
         ruby_malloc_add_size_overflow(x, y);
@@ -740,8 +741,7 @@ static inline void *
 rb_alloc_tmp_buffer2(volatile VALUE *store, long count, size_t elsize)
 {
     const size_t total_size = rbimpl_size_mul_or_raise(RBIMPL_CAST((size_t)count), elsize);
-    const size_t cnt = (total_size + sizeof(VALUE) - 1) / sizeof(VALUE);
-    return rb_alloc_tmp_buffer_with_count(store, total_size, cnt);
+    return rb_alloc_tmp_buffer(store, (long)total_size);
 }
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/newobj.h b/include/ruby/internal/newobj.h
index 6eee2fa5fa..13030ae279 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/newobj.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/newobj.h
@@ -109,42 +109,4 @@ void rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj);
 void rb_copy_generic_ivar(VALUE clone, VALUE obj);
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("This is no longer how Object#clone works."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  Not sure exactly  when but at some time,  the implementation of
- *              `Object#clone`  stopped  using   this  function.   It  remained
- *              untouched for  a while, and  then @shyouhei realised  that they
- *              are no longer doing the  same thing.  It seems nobody seriously
- *              uses this function any longer.  Let's just abandon it.
- *
- * @param[out]  clone  The destination object.
- * @param[in]   obj    The source object.
- */
-static inline void
-rb_clone_setup(VALUE clone, VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)clone;
-    (void)obj;
-    return;
-}
-
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("This is no longer how Object#dup works."))
-/**
- * @deprecated  Not sure exactly  when but at some time,  the implementation of
- *              `Object#dup`   stopped  using   this  function.    It  remained
- *              untouched for  a while, and  then @shyouhei realised  that they
- *              are no longer  the same thing.  It seems  nobody seriously uses
- *              this function any longer.  Let's just abandon it.
- *
- * @param[out]  dup  The destination object.
- * @param[in]   obj  The source object.
- */
-static inline void
-rb_dup_setup(VALUE dup, VALUE obj)
-{
-    (void)dup;
-    (void)obj;
-    return;
-}
-
 #endif /* RBIMPL_NEWOBJ_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/scan_args.h b/include/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
index 2dbc1ee7bc..da64678db5 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/scan_args.h
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@
 /** Same behaviour as rb_scan_args(). */
 #define RB_SCAN_ARGS_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS 0
 
-/** The final argument should be a hash treated as keywords.*/
+/** The final argument must be a hash, which will be treated as keywords. */
 #define RB_SCAN_ARGS_KEYWORDS 1
 
 /**
- * Treat a  final argument as  keywords if  it is a  hash, and not  as keywords
+ * Treat a final argument as keywords if it is a hash, and not as keywords
  * otherwise.
  */
 #define RB_SCAN_ARGS_LAST_HASH_KEYWORDS 3
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 /** Do not pass keywords. */
 #define RB_NO_KEYWORDS 0
 
-/** Pass keywords, final argument should be a hash of keywords. */
+/** Pass keywords, final argument must be a hash of keywords. */
 #define RB_PASS_KEYWORDS 1
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/static_assert.h b/include/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
index 7f00bc21eb..30bfd3bb79 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/static_assert.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 # /* https://isocpp.org/std/standing-documents/sd-6-sg10-feature-test-recommendations */
 # define RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT0 static_assert
 
-#elif defined(__cplusplus) && RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 16, 0, 0)
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # define RBIMPL_STATIC_ASSERT0 static_assert
 
 #elif defined(__INTEL_CXX11_MODE__)
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h b/include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
index 7f3e6dcf97..5d9026434b 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h
@@ -31,17 +31,9 @@
 #  define __bool_true_false_are_defined
 # endif
 
-#elif defined(HAVE_STDBOOL_H)
-# /* Take stdbool.h definition. */
+#else
+# /* Take stdbool.h definition. It exists since GCC 3.0 and VS 2015. */
 # include <stdbool.h>
-
-#elif !defined(HAVE__BOOL)
-typedef unsigned char _Bool;
-# /* See also http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2229.htm */
-# define bool  _Bool
-# define true  ((_Bool)+1)
-# define false ((_Bool)+0)
-# define __bool_true_false_are_defined
 #endif
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_STDBOOL_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/symbol.h b/include/ruby/internal/symbol.h
index 569bf215a2..8bfd686fbe 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/symbol.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/symbol.h
@@ -101,12 +101,11 @@ ID rb_intern(const char *name);
 ID rb_intern2(const char *name, long len);
 
 /**
- * Identical to  rb_intern(), except  it takes an instance of ::rb_cString.
+ * Identical to rb_intern(), except it takes a `T_STRING` object.
  *
  * @param[in]  str               The name of the id.
- * @pre        `str` must either be an instance of ::rb_cSymbol, or an instance
- *             of ::rb_cString, or responds to `#to_str` method.
- * @exception  rb_eTypeError     Can't convert `str` into ::rb_cString.
+ * @pre        `rb_type(str)` must be `T_STRING`.
+ * @exception  rb_eEncodingError `str` contains invalid character(s).
  * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  Too many symbols.
  * @return     A (possibly new) id whose value is the given str.
  * @note       These   days  Ruby   internally   has  two   kinds  of   symbols
@@ -166,29 +165,34 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  *                 of ::rb_cSymbol, or an instance of ::rb_cString, or responds
  *                 to `#to_str` method.
  * @exception      rb_eTypeError      Can't convert `*namep` into ::rb_cString.
- * @exception      rb_eEncodingError  Given string is non-ASCII.
+ * @exception      rb_eEncodingError  Given string contains invalid character(s).
  * @retval         0                  No such id ever existed in the history.
  * @retval         otherwise          The id that represents the given name.
  * @post           The object  that `*namep`  points to  is a  converted result
  *                 object, which  is always an instance  of either ::rb_cSymbol
  *                 or ::rb_cString.
+ * @see            rb_str_to_str
  * @see            https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/5072
- *
- * @internal
- *
- * @shyouhei doesn't know why this has to raise rb_eEncodingError.
  */
 ID rb_check_id(volatile VALUE *namep);
 
 /**
- * @copydoc rb_intern_str()
+ * Identical to rb_intern_str(), except it tries to convert the parameter object
+ * to an instance of ::rb_cString or its subclasses.
  *
- * @internal
- *
- * :FIXME:  Can anyone  tell us  what is  the difference  between this  one and
- * rb_intern_str()?  As far as @shyouhei reads the implementation it seems what
- * rb_to_id() does is  is just waste some CPU time,  then call rb_intern_str().
- * He hopes he is wrong.
+ * @param[in]  str               The name of the id.
+ * @pre        `str` must either be an  instance of ::rb_cSymbol, or an instance
+ *             of ::rb_cString, or responds to `#to_str` method.
+ * @exception  rb_eTypeError     Can't convert `str` into ::rb_cString.
+ * @exception  rb_eEncodingError Given string contains invalid character(s).
+ * @exception  rb_eRuntimeError  Too many symbols.
+ * @return     A (possibly new) id whose value is the given str.
+ * @note       These   days  Ruby   internally   has  two   kinds  of   symbols
+ *             (static/dynamic).   Symbols created  using  this function  would
+ *             become static ones;  i.e. would never be  garbage collected.  It
+ *             is up  to you to avoid  memory leaks.  Think twice  before using
+ *             it.
+ * @see        rb_str_to_str
  */
 ID rb_to_id(VALUE str);
 
@@ -245,17 +249,14 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
  *                 of ::rb_cSymbol, or an instance of ::rb_cString, or responds
  *                 to `#to_str` method.
  * @exception      rb_eTypeError      Can't convert `*namep` into ::rb_cString.
- * @exception      rb_eEncodingError  Given string is non-ASCII.
+ * @exception      rb_eEncodingError  Given string contains invalid character(s).
  * @retval         RUBY_Qnil          No such id ever existed in the history.
  * @retval         otherwise          The id that represents the given name.
  * @post           The object  that `*namep`  points to  is a  converted result
  *                 object, which  is always an instance  of either ::rb_cSymbol
  *                 or ::rb_cString.
  * @see            https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/5072
- *
- * @internal
- *
- * @shyouhei doesn't know why this has to raise rb_eEncodingError.
+ * @see            rb_str_to_str
  */
 VALUE rb_check_symbol(volatile VALUE *namep);
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/value_type.h b/include/ruby/internal/value_type.h
index aedd0abe4b..77cb38bc7d 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/value_type.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/value_type.h
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ ruby_value_type {
     RUBY_T_RATIONAL = 0x0f, /**< @see struct ::RRational */
 
     RUBY_T_NIL      = 0x11, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qnil */
-    RUBY_T_TRUE     = 0x12, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qfalse */
-    RUBY_T_FALSE    = 0x13, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qtrue */
+    RUBY_T_TRUE     = 0x12, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qtrue */
+    RUBY_T_FALSE    = 0x13, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qfalse */
     RUBY_T_SYMBOL   = 0x14, /**< @see struct ::RSymbol */
     RUBY_T_FIXNUM   = 0x15, /**< Integers formerly known as Fixnums. */
     RUBY_T_UNDEF    = 0x16, /**< @see ::RUBY_Qundef */
@@ -410,14 +410,6 @@ RB_TYPE_P(VALUE obj, enum ruby_value_type t)
 #endif
 /** @endcond */
 
-RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
-RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
-/**
- * @private
- * Defined in ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h
- */
-static inline bool rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(VALUE obj);
-
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 /**
  * Identical  to  RB_TYPE_P(),  except  it  raises  exceptions  on  predication
@@ -432,19 +424,11 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
 static inline void
 Check_Type(VALUE v, enum ruby_value_type t)
 {
+    /* Typed data is not simple `T_DATA`, see `rb_check_type` */
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(t != RUBY_T_DATA);
     if (RB_UNLIKELY(! RB_TYPE_P(v, t))) {
-        goto unexpected_type;
+        rb_unexpected_type(v, RBIMPL_CAST((int)t));
     }
-    else if (t == RUBY_T_DATA && rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(v)) {
-        /* Typed data is not simple `T_DATA`, see `rb_check_type` */
-        goto unexpected_type;
-    }
-    else {
-        return;
-    }
-
-  unexpected_type:
-    rb_unexpected_type(v, RBIMPL_CAST((int)t));
 }
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_VALUE_TYPE_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/warning_push.h b/include/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
index f5981633f8..91d62cb00d 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/warning_push.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
  */
 #define RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(flag) __pragma(warning(disable: flag))
 
-#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 12, 0, 0)
+#elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 # /* Not sure exactly when but it seems VC++ 6.0 is a version with it.*/
 # define RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH()        __pragma(warning(push))
 # define RBIMPL_WARNING_POP()         __pragma(warning(pop))
diff --git a/include/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h b/include/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
index 132bc478ce..2551609123 100644
--- a/include/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
+++ b/include/ruby/internal/xmalloc.h
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
 #define xrealloc2 ruby_xrealloc2 /**< @old{ruby_xrealloc2} */
 #define xfree     ruby_xfree     /**< @old{ruby_xfree} */
 
+#define xfree_sized       ruby_xfree_sized
+#define xrealloc_sized    ruby_xrealloc_sized
+#define xrealloc2_sized   ruby_xrealloc2_sized
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NODISCARD()
@@ -196,6 +200,58 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(realloc(ptr, newsiz))
 
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NODISCARD()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2))
+/**
+ * Identical to ruby_xrealloc(), except that it takes the old storage size
+ * as third argument.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  ptr             A valid  pointer to a storage  instance that was
+ *                             previously returned from either:
+ *                               - ruby_xmalloc(),
+ *                               - ruby_xmalloc2(),
+ *                               - ruby_xcalloc(),
+ *                               - ruby_xrealloc(), or
+ *                               - ruby_xrealloc2().
+ * @param[in]  newsiz          Requested new amount of memory.
+ * @param[in]  oldsiz          Existing amount of memory.
+ * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  No space left for `newsiz` bytes allocation.
+ * @return     A  valid  pointer  to   a  (possibly  newly  allocated)  storage
+ *             instance;  which  has  at   least  `newsiz`  bytes  width,  with
+ *             appropriate  alignment  detected  by  the  underlying  realloc()
+ *             routine.
+ * @pre        The passed pointer must point  to a valid live storage instance.
+ *             It is a failure to pass an already freed pointer.
+ * @pre        The passed oldsiz must be exactly equal to the size the pointer
+ *             was allocated with.
+ *             Passing an incorrect oldsiz is undefined behavior, which may
+ *             cause memory leaks or crashes.
+ * @post       In  case the  function  returns the  passed  pointer as-is,  the
+ *             storage  instance that  the  pointer holds  is  either grown  or
+ *             shrunken  to have  at least  `newsiz` bytes.  Otherwise a  valid
+ *             pointer to a  newly allocated storage instance  is returned.  In
+ *             this  case  `ptr`  is  invalidated   as  if  it  was  passed  to
+ *             ruby_xfree().
+ * @note       It doesn't return NULL.
+ * @warning    Unlike some realloc() implementations,  passing zero to `newsiz`
+ *             is not the  same as calling ruby_xfree(),  because this function
+ *             never returns NULL.  Something meaningful still returns then.
+ * @warning    It is  a failure not to  check the return value.   Do not assume
+ *             anything on  it.  It could  be either identical to,  or distinct
+ *             form the passed argument.
+ * @warning    Do not  assume anything  on the alignment  of the  return value.
+ *             There is  no guarantee  that it  inherits the  passed argument's
+ *             one.
+ * @warning    The return  value shall  be invalidated  exactly once  by either
+ *             ruby_xfree(),  ruby_xrealloc(), or  ruby_xrealloc2().   It is  a
+ *             failure to pass it to system free(), because the system and Ruby
+ *             might or might not share the same malloc() implementation.
+ */
+void *ruby_xrealloc_sized(void *ptr, size_t newsiz, size_t oldsiz)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(realloc(ptr, newsiz))
+;
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NODISCARD()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
 RBIMPL_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2,3))
 /**
  * Identical to ruby_xrealloc(),  except it resizes the  given storage instance
@@ -251,6 +307,64 @@ void *ruby_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t newelems, size_t newsiz)
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(realloc(ptr, newelems * newsiz))
 ;
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NODISCARD()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
+RBIMPL_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2,3))
+/**
+ * Identical to ruby_xrealloc2(),  except it takes the old elements count.
+ *
+ * This  is   roughly  the  same   as  reallocarray()  function   that  OpenBSD
+ * etc. provides, but also interacts with our GC.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  ptr             A valid  pointer to a storage  instance that was
+ *                             previously returned from either:
+ *                               - ruby_xmalloc(),
+ *                               - ruby_xmalloc2(),
+ *                               - ruby_xcalloc(),
+ *                               - ruby_xrealloc(), or
+ *                               - ruby_xrealloc2().
+ * @param[in]  newelems        Requested new number of elements.
+ * @param[in]  newsiz          Requested new size of each element.
+ * @param[in]  oldelems        The number of elements the pointer was
+ *                             previously allocated with.
+ * @exception  rb_eNoMemError  No space left for  allocation.
+ * @exception  rb_eArgError    `newelems` * `newsiz` would overflow.
+ * @return     A  valid  pointer  to   a  (possibly  newly  allocated)  storage
+ *             instance; which has at least  `newelems` * `newsiz` bytes width,
+ *             with appropriate alignment detected  by the underlying realloc()
+ *             routine.
+ * @pre        The passed pointer must point  to a valid live storage instance.
+ *             It is a failure to pass an already freed pointer.
+ * @pre        The passed oldelems must be exactly equal to the number of
+ *             elements the pointer was allocated with.
+ *             Passing an incorrect oldelems is undefined behavior, which may
+ *             cause memory leaks or crashes.
+ * @post       In  case the  function  returns the  passed  pointer as-is,  the
+ *             storage  instance that  the  pointer holds  is  either grown  or
+ *             shrunken  to   have  at  least  `newelems`   *  `newsiz`  bytes.
+ *             Otherwise a valid pointer to  a newly allocated storage instance
+ *             is returned.   In this case  `ptr` is  invalidated as if  it was
+ *             passed to ruby_xfree().
+ * @note       It doesn't return NULL.
+ * @warning    Unlike some  realloc() implementations,  passing zero  to either
+ *             `newelems`   or  `elemsiz`   are   not  the   same  as   calling
+ *             ruby_xfree(),   because  this   function  never   returns  NULL.
+ *             Something meaningful still returns then.
+ * @warning    It is  a failure not to  check the return value.   Do not assume
+ *             anything on  it.  It could  be either identical to,  or distinct
+ *             form the passed argument.
+ * @warning    Do not  assume anything  on the alignment  of the  return value.
+ *             There is  no guarantee  that it  inherits the  passed argument's
+ *             one.
+ * @warning    The return  value shall  be invalidated  exactly once  by either
+ *             ruby_xfree(),  ruby_xrealloc(), or  ruby_xrealloc2().   It is  a
+ *             failure to pass it to system free(), because the system and Ruby
+ *             might or might not share the same malloc() implementation.
+ */
+void *ruby_xrealloc2_sized(void *ptr, size_t newelems, size_t newsiz, size_t oldelems)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(realloc(ptr, newelems * newsiz))
+;
+
 /**
  * Deallocates a storage instance.
  *
@@ -283,6 +397,43 @@ void ruby_xfree(void *ptr)
 RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(free(ptr))
 ;
 
+/**
+ * Deallocates a storage instance of a specific ssize.
+ *
+ * @param[out]  ptr  Either
+ *                     - NULL, or
+ *                     - a valid pointer previously returned from one of:
+ *                       - ruby_xmalloc(),
+ *                       - ruby_xmalloc2(),
+ *                       - ruby_xcalloc(),
+ *                       - ruby_xrealloc(), or
+ *                       - ruby_xrealloc2().
+ * @pre         The passed pointer must point to a valid live storage instance.
+ *              It is a failure to pass an already freed pointer.
+ * @pre         The passed size must be exactly equal to the size the pointer
+ *              was allocated with.
+ *              Passing an incorrect size is undefined behavior, which may
+ *              cause memory leaks or crashes.
+ * @post        The  storage  instance  pointed  by  the  passed  pointer  gets
+ *              invalidated; it is no longer addressable.
+ * @warning     Every single storage instance  that was previously allocated by
+ *              either    ruby_xmalloc(),   ruby_xmalloc2(),    ruby_xcalloc(),
+ *              ruby_xrealloc(),  or  ruby_xrealloc2()   shall  be  invalidated
+ *              exactly once by  either passing it to  ruby_xfree(), or passing
+ *              it to  either ruby_xrealloc(), ruby_xrealloc2() then  check the
+ *              return value for invalidation.
+ * @warning     Do not pass anything other  than pointers described above.  For
+ *              instance pointers returned from malloc() or mmap() shall not be
+ *              passed  to   this  function,  because  the   underlying  memory
+ *              management mechanism could differ.
+ * @warning     Do  not pass  any invalid  pointers  to this  function e.g.  by
+ *              calling it twice with a same argument.
+ */
+void ruby_xfree_sized(void *ptr, size_t size)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(free(ptr))
+;
+
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
 #endif /* RBIMPL_XMALLOC_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/io.h b/include/ruby/io.h
index d2fd3ed317..ed0967abad 100644
--- a/include/ruby/io.h
+++ b/include/ruby/io.h
@@ -66,6 +66,21 @@ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
 struct stat;
 struct timeval;
 
+#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMESPEC)
+# define RUBY_USE_STATX 0
+#elif defined(HAVE_STRUCT_STATX_STX_BTIME)
+# define RUBY_USE_STATX 1
+struct statx;
+#else
+# define RUBY_USE_STATX 0
+#endif
+
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+typedef struct statx rb_io_stat_data;
+#else
+typedef struct stat rb_io_stat_data;
+#endif
+
 /**
  * Indicates that a timeout has occurred while performing an IO operation.
  */
@@ -137,6 +152,143 @@ struct rb_io_encoding {
     VALUE ecopts;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @name Possible flags for ::rb_io_t::mode
+ *
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/** The IO is opened for reading. */
+#define FMODE_READABLE              0x00000001
+
+/** The IO is opened for writing. */
+#define FMODE_WRITABLE              0x00000002
+
+/** The IO is opened for both read/write. */
+#define FMODE_READWRITE             (FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_WRITABLE)
+
+/**
+ * The IO  is in "binary  mode".  This  is not what  everything rb_io_binmode()
+ * concerns.  This low-level flag is to stop CR <-> CRLF conversions that would
+ * happen in the underlying operating system.
+ *
+ * Setting this  one and #FMODE_TEXTMODE at  the same time is  a contradiction.
+ * Setting this one and #ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_MASK  at the same time is also
+ * a contradiction.
+ */
+#define FMODE_BINMODE               0x00000004
+
+/**
+ * The  IO  is in  "sync  mode".   All output  is  immediately  flushed to  the
+ * underlying operating system then.  Can  be set via rb_io_synchronized(), but
+ * there is no way except calling `IO#sync=` to reset.
+ */
+#define FMODE_SYNC                  0x00000008
+
+/**
+ * The IO  is a TTY.  What  is a TTY and  what isn't depends on  the underlying
+ * operating system's `isatty(3)` output.  You cannot change this.
+ */
+#define FMODE_TTY                   0x00000010
+
+/**
+ * Ruby eventually  detects that the IO  is bidirectional.  For instance  a TTY
+ * has such  property.  There are  several other  things known to  be duplexed.
+ * Additionally you  (extension library  authors) can  also implement  your own
+ * bidirectional IO subclasses.  One of such example is `Socket`.
+ */
+#define FMODE_DUPLEX                0x00000020
+
+/**
+ * The IO is opened  for appending.  This mode always writes at  the end of the
+ * IO.  Ruby manages  this flag for record but basically  the logic behind this
+ * mode is at the underlying operating system.  We almost do nothing.
+ */
+#define FMODE_APPEND                0x00000040
+
+/**
+ * The IO is  opened for creating.  This makes sense  only when the destination
+ * file does  not exist at  the time  the IO object  was created.  This  is the
+ * default mode  for writing,  but you  can pass `"r+"`  to `IO.open`  etc., to
+ * reroute this creation.
+ */
+#define FMODE_CREATE                0x00000080
+/* #define FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP        0x00000100 */
+
+/**
+ * This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE,  so that if there already is a
+ * file at the given path the operation fails.  Using this you can be sure that
+ * the file you get is a fresh new one.
+ */
+#define FMODE_EXCL                  0x00000400
+
+/**
+ * This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE,  so that if there already is a
+ * file at the given path it gets truncated.
+ */
+#define FMODE_TRUNC                 0x00000800
+
+/**
+ * The IO is in "text mode".  On  systems where such mode make sense, this flag
+ * changes  the way  the  IO handles  the  contents.  On  POSIX  systems it  is
+ * basically  a no-op,  but with  this  flag set  you can  optionally let  Ruby
+ * manually convert newlines, unlike when in binary mode:
+ *
+ * ```ruby
+ * IO.open("/p/a/t/h", "wt", crlf_newline: true) # "wb" is NG.
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Setting this one and #FMODE_BINMODE at the same time is a contradiction.
+ */
+#define FMODE_TEXTMODE              0x00001000
+/**
+ * This flag means that an IO object is wrapping an "external" file descriptor,
+ * which is owned by something outside the Ruby interpreter (usually a C extension).
+ * Ruby will not close this file when the IO object is garbage collected.
+ * If this flag is set, then IO#autoclose? is false, and vice-versa.
+ *
+ * This flag was previously called FMODE_PREP internally.
+ */
+#define FMODE_EXTERNAL              0x00010000
+
+/* #define FMODE_SIGNAL_ON_EPIPE    0x00020000 */
+
+/**
+ * This flag amends the  encoding of the IO so that the BOM  of the contents of
+ * the IO takes effect.
+ */
+#define FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM         0x00100000
+/* #define FMODE_UNIX                  0x00200000 */
+/* #define FMODE_INET                  0x00400000 */
+/* #define FMODE_INET6                 0x00800000 */
+
+/** @} */
+
+enum rb_io_mode {
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_EXTERNAL = FMODE_EXTERNAL,
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_READABLE = FMODE_READABLE,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_WRITABLE = FMODE_WRITABLE,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_READABLE_WRITABLE = (RUBY_IO_MODE_READABLE|RUBY_IO_MODE_WRITABLE),
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_BINARY = FMODE_BINMODE,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_TEXT = FMODE_TEXTMODE,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_TEXT_SET_ENCODING_FROM_BOM = FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM,
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_SYNCHRONISED = FMODE_SYNC,
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_TTY = FMODE_TTY,
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_DUPLEX = FMODE_DUPLEX,
+
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_APPEND = FMODE_APPEND,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_CREATE = FMODE_CREATE,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_EXCLUSIVE = FMODE_EXCL,
+    RUBY_IO_MODE_TRUNCATE = FMODE_TRUNC,
+};
+
+typedef enum rb_io_mode rb_io_mode_t;
+
 #ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_T
 #define HAVE_RB_IO_T 1
 /** Ruby's IO, metadata and buffers. */
@@ -155,7 +307,7 @@ struct rb_io {
 
     /** mode flags: FMODE_XXXs */
     RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_mode"))
-    int mode;
+    enum rb_io_mode mode;
 
     /** child's pid (for pipes) */
     RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
@@ -261,118 +413,6 @@ typedef struct rb_io rb_io_t;
 typedef struct rb_io_encoding rb_io_enc_t;
 
 /**
- * @name Possible flags for ::rb_io_t::mode
- *
- * @{
- */
-
-/** The IO is opened for reading. */
-#define FMODE_READABLE              0x00000001
-
-/** The IO is opened for writing. */
-#define FMODE_WRITABLE              0x00000002
-
-/** The IO is opened for both read/write. */
-#define FMODE_READWRITE             (FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_WRITABLE)
-
-/**
- * The IO  is in "binary  mode".  This  is not what  everything rb_io_binmode()
- * concerns.  This low-level flag is to stop CR <-> CRLF conversions that would
- * happen in the underlying operating system.
- *
- * Setting this  one and #FMODE_TEXTMODE at  the same time is  a contradiction.
- * Setting this one and #ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_MASK  at the same time is also
- * a contradiction.
- */
-#define FMODE_BINMODE               0x00000004
-
-/**
- * The  IO  is in  "sync  mode".   All output  is  immediately  flushed to  the
- * underlying operating system then.  Can  be set via rb_io_synchronized(), but
- * there is no way except calling `IO#sync=` to reset.
- */
-#define FMODE_SYNC                  0x00000008
-
-/**
- * The IO  is a TTY.  What  is a TTY and  what isn't depends on  the underlying
- * operating system's `isatty(3)` output.  You cannot change this.
- */
-#define FMODE_TTY                   0x00000010
-
-/**
- * Ruby eventually  detects that the IO  is bidirectional.  For instance  a TTY
- * has such  property.  There are  several other  things known to  be duplexed.
- * Additionally you  (extension library  authors) can  also implement  your own
- * bidirectional IO subclasses.  One of such example is `Socket`.
- */
-#define FMODE_DUPLEX                0x00000020
-
-/**
- * The IO is opened  for appending.  This mode always writes at  the end of the
- * IO.  Ruby manages  this flag for record but basically  the logic behind this
- * mode is at the underlying operating system.  We almost do nothing.
- */
-#define FMODE_APPEND                0x00000040
-
-/**
- * The IO is  opened for creating.  This makes sense  only when the destination
- * file does  not exist at  the time  the IO object  was created.  This  is the
- * default mode  for writing,  but you  can pass `"r+"`  to `IO.open`  etc., to
- * reroute this creation.
- */
-#define FMODE_CREATE                0x00000080
-/* #define FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP        0x00000100 */
-
-/**
- * This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE,  so that if there already is a
- * file at the given path the operation fails.  Using this you can be sure that
- * the file you get is a fresh new one.
- */
-#define FMODE_EXCL                  0x00000400
-
-/**
- * This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE,  so that if there already is a
- * file at the given path it gets truncated.
- */
-#define FMODE_TRUNC                 0x00000800
-
-/**
- * The IO is in "text mode".  On  systems where such mode make sense, this flag
- * changes  the way  the  IO handles  the  contents.  On  POSIX  systems it  is
- * basically  a no-op,  but with  this  flag set  you can  optionally let  Ruby
- * manually convert newlines, unlike when in binary mode:
- *
- * ```ruby
- * IO.open("/p/a/t/h", "wt", crlf_newline: true) # "wb" is NG.
- * ```
- *
- * Setting this one and #FMODE_BINMODE at the same time is a contradiction.
- */
-#define FMODE_TEXTMODE              0x00001000
-/**
- * This flag means that an IO object is wrapping an "external" file descriptor,
- * which is owned by something outside the Ruby interpreter (usually a C extension).
- * Ruby will not close this file when the IO object is garbage collected.
- * If this flag is set, then IO#autoclose? is false, and vice-versa.
- *
- * This flag was previously called FMODE_PREP internally.
- */
-#define FMODE_EXTERNAL              0x00010000
-
-/* #define FMODE_SIGNAL_ON_EPIPE    0x00020000 */
-
-/**
- * This flag amends the  encoding of the IO so that the BOM  of the contents of
- * the IO takes effect.
- */
-#define FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM         0x00100000
-/* #define FMODE_UNIX                  0x00200000 */
-/* #define FMODE_INET                  0x00400000 */
-/* #define FMODE_INET6                 0x00800000 */
-
-/** @} */
-
-/**
  * Allocate a new IO object, with the given file descriptor.
  */
 VALUE rb_io_open_descriptor(VALUE klass, int descriptor, int mode, VALUE path, VALUE timeout, struct rb_io_encoding *encoding);
@@ -525,7 +565,7 @@ FILE *rb_fdopen(int fd, const char *modestr);
  *
  * rb_io_modestr_fmode() is not a pure function because it raises.
  */
-int rb_io_modestr_fmode(const char *modestr);
+enum rb_io_mode rb_io_modestr_fmode(const char *modestr);
 
 /**
  * Identical  to rb_io_modestr_fmode(),  except it  returns a  mixture of  `O_`
@@ -780,7 +820,7 @@ int rb_io_mode(VALUE io);
  * @post        `enc2_p` is the specified external encoding.
  * @post        `fmode_p` is the specified set of `FMODE_` modes.
  */
-int rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, int *fmode_p);
+int rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p);
 
 /**
  * This    function    can   be    seen    as    an   extended    version    of
@@ -849,7 +889,7 @@ int rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **
  *   ) -> void
  * ```
  */
-void rb_io_extract_modeenc(VALUE *vmode_p, VALUE *vperm_p, VALUE opthash, int *oflags_p, int *fmode_p, rb_io_enc_t *convconfig_p);
+void rb_io_extract_modeenc(VALUE *vmode_p, VALUE *vperm_p, VALUE opthash, int *oflags_p, enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p, rb_io_enc_t *convconfig_p);
 
 /* :TODO: can this function be __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) or not? */
 /**
@@ -1073,6 +1113,18 @@ int rb_io_read_pending(rb_io_t *fptr);
  */
 VALUE rb_stat_new(const struct stat *st);
 
+#if RUBY_USE_STATX
+/**
+ * Constructs an instance of ::rb_cStat from the passed information.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  st  A stat.
+ * @return     Allocated new instance of ::rb_cStat.
+ */
+VALUE rb_statx_new(const rb_io_stat_data *st);
+#else
+# define rb_statx_new rb_stat_new
+#endif
+
 /* gc.c */
 
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
diff --git a/include/ruby/onigmo.h b/include/ruby/onigmo.h
index db290cd47a..5c2ebe55fe 100644
--- a/include/ruby/onigmo.h
+++ b/include/ruby/onigmo.h
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
   onigmo.h - Onigmo (Oniguruma-mod) (regular expression library)
 **********************************************************************/
 /*-
- * Copyright (c) 2002-2009  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2017  K.Takata  <kentkt AT csc DOT jp>
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2019  K.Takata  <kentkt AT csc DOT jp>
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #define ONIGMO_VERSION_MAJOR   6
-#define ONIGMO_VERSION_MINOR   1
-#define ONIGMO_VERSION_TEENY   3
+#define ONIGMO_VERSION_MINOR   2
+#define ONIGMO_VERSION_TEENY   0
 
 #ifndef ONIG_EXTERN
 # ifdef RUBY_EXTERN
@@ -687,6 +687,8 @@ ONIG_EXTERN const OnigSyntaxType*   OnigDefaultSyntax;
 #define ONIGERR_NEVER_ENDING_RECURSION                       -221
 #define ONIGERR_GROUP_NUMBER_OVER_FOR_CAPTURE_HISTORY        -222
 #define ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_PROPERTY_NAME                   -223
+#define ONIGERR_TOO_MANY_RANGE_REPEAT                        -224
+#define ONIGERR_TOO_MANY_NULL_CHECK                          -225
 #define ONIGERR_INVALID_CODE_POINT_VALUE                     -400
 #define ONIGERR_INVALID_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE                      -400
 #define ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE                      -401
@@ -789,8 +791,8 @@ typedef struct re_pattern_buffer {
   unsigned char *exact;
   unsigned char *exact_end;
   unsigned char  map[ONIG_CHAR_TABLE_SIZE]; /* used as BM skip or char-map */
-  int           *int_map;                   /* BM skip for exact_len > 255 */
-  int           *int_map_backward;          /* BM skip for backward search */
+  int           *reserved1;
+  int           *reserved2;
   OnigDistance   dmin;                      /* min-distance of exact or map */
   OnigDistance   dmax;                      /* max-distance of exact or map */
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/ractor.h b/include/ruby/ractor.h
index 7811616f6d..8cfca21621 100644
--- a/include/ruby/ractor.h
+++ b/include/ruby/ractor.h
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ VALUE rb_ractor_make_shareable(VALUE obj);
  *
  * @param[in]   obj              Arbitrary ruby object to duplicate.
  * @exception   rb_eRactorError  Ractors cannot share `obj` by nature.
- * @return      A deep copy of `obj` which is sharable among Ractors.
+ * @return      A deep copy of `obj` which is shareable among Ractors.
  */
 VALUE rb_ractor_make_shareable_copy(VALUE obj);
 
@@ -261,4 +261,18 @@ rb_ractor_shareable_p(VALUE obj)
     }
 }
 
+// TODO: optimize on interpreter core
+#ifndef RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE
+VALUE rb_obj_set_shareable(VALUE obj); // ractor.c
+#define RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(obj) rb_obj_set_shareable(obj)
+#endif
+
+static inline VALUE
+RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_FREEZE(obj);
+    RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
 #endif /* RUBY_RACTOR_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/random.h b/include/ruby/random.h
index f3df0d96fb..3b63a23334 100644
--- a/include/ruby/random.h
+++ b/include/ruby/random.h
@@ -332,7 +332,8 @@ RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
 static inline const rb_random_interface_t *
 rb_rand_if(VALUE obj)
 {
-    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(RTYPEDDATA_P(obj));
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_DATA));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &rb_random_data_type));
     const struct rb_data_type_struct *t = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
     const void *ret = t->data;
     return RBIMPL_CAST((const rb_random_interface_t *)ret);
diff --git a/include/ruby/ruby.h b/include/ruby/ruby.h
index 035f02c70b..ca794bcaeb 100644
--- a/include/ruby/ruby.h
+++ b/include/ruby/ruby.h
@@ -426,6 +426,21 @@ __extension__({ \
 # include "ruby/backward.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifndef RUBY__ASAN_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+# define RUBY__ASAN_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#define RUBY_GLOBAL_SETUP \
+    RUBY__ASAN_DEFAULT_OPTIONS \
+    /* RUBY_GLOBAL_SETUP end */
+
+#if defined(__wasm__) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+int rb_wasm_rt_start(int (*)(int, char **), int, char **);
+# define ruby_start_main rb_wasm_rt_start
+#else
+# define ruby_start_main(main, argc, argv) main(argc, argv)
+#endif
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
 #endif /* RUBY_RUBY_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/st.h b/include/ruby/st.h
index f35ab43603..b510989b6b 100644
--- a/include/ruby/st.h
+++ b/include/ruby/st.h
@@ -84,13 +84,12 @@ struct st_table {
     const struct st_hash_type *type;
     /* Number of entries currently in the table.  */
     st_index_t num_entries;
-    /* Array of bins used for access by keys.  */
-    st_index_t *bins;
     /* Start and bound index of entries in array entries.
        entries_starts and entries_bound are in interval
        [0,allocated_entries].  */
     st_index_t entries_start, entries_bound;
-    /* Array of size 2^entry_power.  */
+    /* Array of size 2^entry_power.
+       Optionnally followed by an array of bins used for access by keys.  */
     st_table_entry *entries;
 };
 
diff --git a/include/ruby/thread.h b/include/ruby/thread.h
index 7cbefc9777..2fa01229e2 100644
--- a/include/ruby/thread.h
+++ b/include/ruby/thread.h
@@ -333,6 +333,13 @@ void *rb_internal_thread_specific_get(VALUE thread_val, rb_internal_thread_speci
  */
 void rb_internal_thread_specific_set(VALUE thread_val, rb_internal_thread_specific_key_t key, void *data);
 
+/**
+ * Whether the current thread is holding the GVL.
+ *
+ * @return true if the current thread is holding the GVL, false otherwise.
+ */
+int ruby_thread_has_gvl_p(void);
+
 RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
 
 #endif /* RUBY_THREAD_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/version.h b/include/ruby/version.h
index a521d925ed..5bb381cea2 100644
--- a/include/ruby/version.h
+++ b/include/ruby/version.h
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@
  * doesn't mean a total rewrite.  Practically  when it comes to API versioning,
  * major and minor version changes are equally catastrophic.
  */
-#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR 4
 
 /**
  * Minor  version.   As of  writing  this  version changes  annually.   Greater
  * version doesn't mean "better"; they just mean years passed.
  */
-#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR 5
+#define RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR 1
 
 /**
  * Teeny version.  This digit  is kind of reserved these days.   Kept 0 for the
diff --git a/include/ruby/win32.h b/include/ruby/win32.h
index 27a3467606..ae11a61481 100644
--- a/include/ruby/win32.h
+++ b/include/ruby/win32.h
@@ -30,15 +30,10 @@ extern "C++" {			/* template without extern "C++" */
 #if !defined(_WIN64) && !defined(WIN32)
 #define WIN32
 #endif
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1200
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #include <mswsock.h>
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1400
 #include <iphlpapi.h>
-#endif
 #if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_VER)
 }
 #endif
@@ -59,13 +54,7 @@ extern "C++" {			/* template without extern "C++" */
 #include <direct.h>
 #include <process.h>
 #include <time.h>
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1200
-extern "C++" {			/* template without extern "C++" */
-#endif
 #include <math.h>
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1200
-}
-#endif
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -126,8 +115,30 @@ typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
 #define O_SHARE_DELETE 0x20000000 /* for rb_w32_open(), rb_w32_wopen() */
 
 typedef int clockid_t;
-#define CLOCK_REALTIME  0
-#define CLOCK_MONOTONIC 1
+
+/*
+ * Since we use our versions in win32/win32.c, not to depend on yet
+ * another DLL, prefix our versions not to conflict with inline
+ * versions provided in time.h.
+ */
+#define clock_gettime rb_w32_clock_gettime
+#define clock_getres rb_w32_clock_getres
+
+#ifndef CLOCK_REALTIME
+#  define CLOCK_REALTIME  0
+#endif
+#ifndef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#  define CLOCK_MONOTONIC 1
+#endif
+#ifndef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
+#  define CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID 2
+#endif
+#ifndef CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
+#  define CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID 3
+#endif
+#ifndef CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE
+#  define CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE 4
+#endif
 
 #undef utime
 #undef lseek
@@ -251,7 +262,6 @@ struct ifaddrs {
 #endif
 
 extern void   rb_w32_sysinit(int *, char ***);
-extern DWORD  rb_w32_osid(void);
 extern int    flock(int fd, int oper);
 extern int    rb_w32_io_cancelable_p(int);
 extern int    rb_w32_is_socket(int);
@@ -295,7 +305,11 @@ extern void   rb_w32_free_environ(char **);
 extern int    rb_w32_map_errno(DWORD);
 extern const char *WSAAPI rb_w32_inet_ntop(int,const void *,char *,size_t);
 extern int WSAAPI rb_w32_inet_pton(int,const char *,void *);
-extern DWORD  rb_w32_osver(void);
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("as Windows 9x is not supported already"))
+static inline DWORD rb_w32_osid(void) {return VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT;}
+RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by Windows Version Helper APIs"))
+extern DWORD rb_w32_osver(void);
 
 extern int rb_w32_uchown(const char *, int, int);
 extern int rb_w32_ulink(const char *, const char *);
@@ -331,7 +345,7 @@ extern int rb_w32_dup2(int, int);
 
 #include <float.h>
 
-#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1800 && defined INFINITY
+#if defined _MSC_VER && defined INFINITY
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(disable:4756)
 static inline float
@@ -414,11 +428,6 @@ extern int rb_w32_utruncate(const char *path, rb_off_t length);
 #define HAVE_TRUNCATE 1
 #define truncate rb_w32_utruncate
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && _MSC_VER < 1800
-#define strtoll  _strtoi64
-#define strtoull _strtoui64
-#endif
-
 /*
  * stubs
  */
diff --git a/inits.c b/inits.c
index 947029f232..4988fa09d0 100644
--- a/inits.c
+++ b/inits.c
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ rb_call_inits(void)
     CALL(Time);
     CALL(Random);
     CALL(load);
+    CALL(Ruby_module);
+    CALL(Box);
     CALL(Proc);
     CALL(Binding);
     CALL(Math);
@@ -63,18 +65,21 @@ rb_call_inits(void)
     CALL(ISeq);
     CALL(Thread);
     CALL(signal);
+    CALL(Cont);
     CALL(Fiber_Scheduler);
     CALL(process);
-    CALL(Cont);
     CALL(Rational);
     CALL(Complex);
     CALL(MemoryView);
+    CALL(pathname);
     CALL(version);
     CALL(vm_trace);
     CALL(vm_stack_canary);
     CALL(ast);
     CALL(shape);
     CALL(Prism);
+    CALL(unicode_version);
+    CALL(Set);
 
     // enable builtin loading
     CALL(builtin);
@@ -84,9 +89,10 @@ void
 rb_call_builtin_inits(void)
 {
 #define BUILTIN(n) CALL(builtin_##n)
-    BUILTIN(kernel);
+    BUILTIN(jit_hook);
     BUILTIN(yjit);
-    // BUILTIN(yjit_hook) is called after rb_yjit_init()
+    BUILTIN(zjit);
+    BUILTIN(kernel);
     BUILTIN(gc);
     BUILTIN(ractor);
     BUILTIN(numeric);
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ rb_call_builtin_inits(void)
     BUILTIN(ast);
     BUILTIN(trace_point);
     BUILTIN(pack);
+    BUILTIN(pathname_builtin);
     BUILTIN(warning);
     BUILTIN(array);
     BUILTIN(hash);
@@ -103,6 +110,7 @@ rb_call_builtin_inits(void)
     BUILTIN(thread_sync);
     BUILTIN(nilclass);
     BUILTIN(marshal);
+    BUILTIN(jit_undef);
     Init_builtin_prelude();
 }
 #undef CALL
diff --git a/insns.def b/insns.def
index ed6becc88a..3ad378081a 100644
--- a/insns.def
+++ b/insns.def
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ getblockparamproxy
 (lindex_t idx, rb_num_t level)
 ()
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     const VALUE *ep = vm_get_ep(GET_EP(), level);
     VM_ASSERT(VM_ENV_LOCAL_P(ep));
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ getinstancevariable
 (VALUE val)
 /* Ractor crashes when it accesses class/module-level instances variables. */
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has IVAR_ACCESSOR_SHOULD_BE_MAIN_RACTOR() */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_getinstancevariable(GET_ISEQ(), GET_SELF(), id, ic);
 }
@@ -223,6 +225,7 @@ setinstancevariable
 (VALUE val)
 ()
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_check_frozen() */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     vm_setinstancevariable(GET_ISEQ(), GET_SELF(), id, val, ic);
 }
@@ -370,7 +373,7 @@ putspecialobject
 
 /* put string val. string will be copied. */
 DEFINE_INSN
-putstring
+dupstring
 (VALUE str)
 ()
 (VALUE val)
@@ -380,7 +383,7 @@ putstring
 
 /* put chilled string val. string will be copied but frozen in the future. */
 DEFINE_INSN
-putchilledstring
+dupchilledstring
 (VALUE str)
 ()
 (VALUE val)
@@ -426,9 +429,7 @@ toregexp
 // attr bool leaf = false;
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - (rb_snum_t)cnt;
 {
-    const VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(0, cnt, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(cnt));
-    val = rb_reg_new_ary(ary, (int)opt);
-    rb_ary_clear(ary);
+    val = rb_reg_new_from_values(cnt, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(cnt), (int)opt);
 }
 
 /* intern str to Symbol and push it. */
@@ -566,6 +567,7 @@ splatkw
 (VALUE hash, VALUE block)
 (VALUE obj, VALUE block)
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_to_hash_type() */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     if (NIL_P(hash)) {
         obj = Qnil;
@@ -587,8 +589,7 @@ newhash
     RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(HASH, num);
 
     if (num) {
-        val = rb_hash_new_with_size(num / 2);
-        rb_hash_bulk_insert(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num), val);
+        val = rb_hash_new_with_bulk_insert(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
     }
     else {
         val = rb_hash_new();
@@ -744,6 +745,7 @@ definedivar
 ()
 (VALUE val)
 // attr bool leaf  = false;
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = Qnil;
     if (!UNDEF_P(vm_getivar(GET_SELF(), id, GET_ISEQ(), ic, NULL, FALSE, Qundef))) {
@@ -802,13 +804,20 @@ defineclass
 (VALUE val)
 {
     VALUE klass = vm_find_or_create_class_by_id(id, flags, cbase, super);
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_current_box();
 
     rb_iseq_check(class_iseq);
 
+    rb_cref_t *cref = vm_cref_push(ec, klass, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
+
+    if (VM_DEFINECLASS_DYNAMIC_CREF_P(flags)) {
+        CREF_DYNAMIC_SET(cref);
+    }
+
     /* enter scope */
     vm_push_frame(ec, class_iseq, VM_FRAME_MAGIC_CLASS | VM_ENV_FLAG_LOCAL, klass,
-                  GET_BLOCK_HANDLER(),
-                  (VALUE)vm_cref_push(ec, klass, NULL, FALSE, FALSE),
+                  GC_GUARDED_PTR(box),
+                  (VALUE)cref,
                   ISEQ_BODY(class_iseq)->iseq_encoded, GET_SP(),
                   ISEQ_BODY(class_iseq)->local_table_size,
                   ISEQ_BODY(class_iseq)->stack_max);
@@ -844,6 +853,7 @@ send
 (CALL_DATA cd, ISEQ blockiseq)
 (...)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(cd->ci);
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(ci);
 {
@@ -869,7 +879,7 @@ sendforward
     struct rb_forwarding_call_data adjusted_cd;
     struct rb_callinfo adjusted_ci;
 
-    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_fwd_args(GET_EC(), GET_CFP(), cd, blockiseq, 0, &adjusted_cd, &adjusted_ci);
+    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_fwd_args(ec, GET_CFP(), cd, blockiseq, 0, &adjusted_cd, &adjusted_ci);
 
     val = vm_sendish(ec, GET_CFP(), &adjusted_cd.cd, bh, mexp_search_method);
     JIT_EXEC(ec, val);
@@ -890,6 +900,7 @@ opt_send_without_block
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (...)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 // attr bool handles_sp = true;
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(cd->ci);
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(ci);
@@ -904,6 +915,32 @@ opt_send_without_block
     }
 }
 
+/* Jump if "new" method has been defined by user */
+DEFINE_INSN
+opt_new
+(CALL_DATA cd, OFFSET dst)
+()
+()
+// attr bool leaf = false;
+{
+    VALUE argc = vm_ci_argc(cd->ci);
+    VALUE val = TOPN(argc);
+
+    // The bookkeeping slot should be empty.
+    RUBY_ASSERT(TOPN(argc + 1) == Qnil);
+
+    if (vm_method_cfunc_is(GET_CFP(), cd, val, rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw)) {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(opt_new_hit);
+        val = rb_obj_alloc(val);
+        TOPN(argc) = val;
+        TOPN(argc + 1) = val;
+    }
+    else {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(opt_new_miss);
+        JUMP(dst);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Convert object to string using to_s or equivalent. */
 DEFINE_INSN
 objtostring
@@ -911,8 +948,9 @@ objtostring
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
 // attr bool leaf = false;
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
-    val = vm_objtostring(GET_ISEQ(), recv, cd);
+    val = vm_objtostring(GET_CFP(), recv, cd);
 
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
@@ -969,8 +1007,9 @@ opt_nil_p
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
-    val = vm_opt_nil_p(GET_ISEQ(), cd, recv);
+    val = vm_opt_nil_p(GET_CFP(), cd, recv);
 
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
@@ -1004,7 +1043,7 @@ opt_duparray_send
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - (rb_snum_t)argc;
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = 1 - (rb_snum_t)argc;
 {
-    switch(method) {
+    switch (method) {
       case idIncludeP:
         val = vm_opt_duparray_include_p(ec, ary, TOPN(0));
         break;
@@ -1026,7 +1065,7 @@ opt_newarray_send
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - (rb_snum_t)num;
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = 1 - (rb_snum_t)num;
 {
-    switch(method) {
+    switch (method) {
       case VM_OPT_NEWARRAY_SEND_HASH:
         val = vm_opt_newarray_hash(ec, num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
         break;
@@ -1058,11 +1097,27 @@ invokesuper
 (VALUE val)
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(cd->ci);
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = sp_inc_of_sendish(ci);
-{
-    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_arg_block(ec, GET_CFP(), cd->ci, blockiseq, true);
-    val = vm_sendish(ec, GET_CFP(), cd, bh, mexp_search_super);
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
+{
+    struct rb_callinfo adjusted_ci = VM_CI_ON_STACK(vm_ci_mid(cd->ci),
+                                                   vm_ci_flag(cd->ci),
+                                                   vm_ci_argc(cd->ci),
+                                                   vm_ci_kwarg(cd->ci));
+    const struct rb_callcache *original_cc = rbimpl_atomic_ptr_load((void **)&cd->cc, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+    struct rb_call_data adjusted_cd = {
+        .ci = &adjusted_ci,
+        .cc = original_cc,
+    };
+
+    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_arg_block(ec, GET_CFP(), adjusted_cd.ci, blockiseq, true);
+    val = vm_sendish(ec, GET_CFP(), &adjusted_cd, bh, mexp_search_super);
     JIT_EXEC(ec, val);
 
+    if (original_cc != adjusted_cd.cc && vm_cc_markable(adjusted_cd.cc)) {
+        rbimpl_atomic_ptr_store((volatile void **)&cd->cc, (void *)adjusted_cd.cc, RBIMPL_ATOMIC_RELEASE);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(GET_ISEQ(), Qundef, adjusted_cd.cc);
+    }
+
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         RESTORE_REGS();
         NEXT_INSN();
@@ -1081,7 +1136,7 @@ invokesuperforward
     struct rb_forwarding_call_data adjusted_cd;
     struct rb_callinfo adjusted_ci;
 
-    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_fwd_args(GET_EC(), GET_CFP(), cd, blockiseq, 1, &adjusted_cd, &adjusted_ci);
+    VALUE bh = vm_caller_setup_fwd_args(ec, GET_CFP(), cd, blockiseq, 1, &adjusted_cd, &adjusted_ci);
 
     val = vm_sendish(ec, GET_CFP(), &adjusted_cd.cd, bh, mexp_search_super);
     JIT_EXEC(ec, val);
@@ -1105,6 +1160,7 @@ invokeblock
 // attr bool handles_sp = true;
 // attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = sp_inc_of_invokeblock(cd->ci);
 // attr rb_snum_t comptime_sp_inc = sp_inc_of_invokeblock(ci);
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     VALUE bh = VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE;
     val = vm_sendish(ec, GET_CFP(), cd, bh, mexp_search_invokeblock);
@@ -1177,7 +1233,7 @@ jump
 ()
 ()
 /* Same discussion as leave. */
-// attr bool leaf = leafness_of_check_ints; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
+// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
 {
     RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(ec);
     JUMP(dst);
@@ -1190,7 +1246,7 @@ branchif
 (VALUE val)
 ()
 /* Same discussion as jump. */
-// attr bool leaf = leafness_of_check_ints; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
+// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
 {
     if (RTEST(val)) {
         RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(ec);
@@ -1205,7 +1261,7 @@ branchunless
 (VALUE val)
 ()
 /* Same discussion as jump. */
-// attr bool leaf = leafness_of_check_ints; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
+// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
 {
     if (!RTEST(val)) {
         RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(ec);
@@ -1220,7 +1276,7 @@ branchnil
 (VALUE val)
 ()
 /* Same discussion as jump. */
-// attr bool leaf = leafness_of_check_ints; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
+// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts() */
 {
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
         RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(ec);
@@ -1228,6 +1284,56 @@ branchnil
     }
 }
 
+/* same as jump, but without interrupt check */
+DEFINE_INSN
+jump_without_ints
+(OFFSET dst)
+()
+()
+// attr bool leaf = true;
+{
+    JUMP(dst);
+}
+
+/* same as branchif, but without interrupt check */
+DEFINE_INSN
+branchif_without_ints
+(OFFSET dst)
+(VALUE val)
+()
+// attr bool leaf = true;
+{
+    if (RTEST(val)) {
+        JUMP(dst);
+    }
+}
+
+/* same as branchunless, but without interrupt check */
+DEFINE_INSN
+branchunless_without_ints
+(OFFSET dst)
+(VALUE val)
+()
+// attr bool leaf = true;
+{
+    if (!RTEST(val)) {
+        JUMP(dst);
+    }
+}
+
+/* same as branchnil, but without interrupt check */
+DEFINE_INSN
+branchnil_without_ints
+(OFFSET dst)
+(VALUE val)
+()
+// attr bool leaf = true;
+{
+    if (NIL_P(val)) {
+        JUMP(dst);
+    }
+}
+
 /**********************************************************/
 /* for optimize                                           */
 /**********************************************************/
@@ -1265,6 +1371,7 @@ opt_plus
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_plus(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1279,6 +1386,7 @@ opt_minus
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_minus(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1293,6 +1401,7 @@ opt_mult
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_mult(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1310,6 +1419,7 @@ opt_div
 /* In case of division by zero, it raises. Thus
  * ZeroDivisionError#initialize is called.  */
 // attr bool leaf = false;
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_div(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1326,6 +1436,7 @@ opt_mod
 (VALUE val)
 /* Same discussion as opt_div. */
 // attr bool leaf = false;
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_mod(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1340,8 +1451,9 @@ opt_eq
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
-    val = opt_equality(GET_ISEQ(), recv, obj, cd);
+    val = opt_equality(GET_CFP(), recv, obj, cd);
 
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
@@ -1354,8 +1466,9 @@ opt_neq
 (CALL_DATA cd_eq, CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
-    val = vm_opt_neq(GET_ISEQ(), cd, cd_eq, recv, obj);
+    val = vm_opt_neq(GET_CFP(), cd, cd_eq, recv, obj);
 
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
@@ -1368,6 +1481,7 @@ opt_lt
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_lt(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1382,6 +1496,7 @@ opt_le
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_le(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1396,6 +1511,7 @@ opt_gt
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_gt(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1410,6 +1526,7 @@ opt_ge
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_ge(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1428,6 +1545,7 @@ opt_ltlt
  * string.  Then what happens if that codepoint does not exist in the
  * string's encoding?  Of course an exception.  That's not a leaf. */
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has "invalid codepoint" exception */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_ltlt(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1442,6 +1560,7 @@ opt_and
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_and(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1456,6 +1575,7 @@ opt_or
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_or(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1475,6 +1595,7 @@ opt_aref
  * default_proc.  This is a method call.  So opt_aref is
  * (surprisingly) not leaf. */
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_funcall() */ /* calls #yield */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_aref(recv, obj);
 
@@ -1492,6 +1613,7 @@ opt_aset
 /* This is another story than opt_aref.  When vm_opt_aset() resorts
  * to rb_hash_aset(), which should call #hash for `obj`. */
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_funcall() */ /* calls #hash */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_aset(recv, obj, set);
 
@@ -1500,50 +1622,13 @@ opt_aset
     }
 }
 
-/* recv[str] = set */
-DEFINE_INSN
-opt_aset_with
-(VALUE key, CALL_DATA cd)
-(VALUE recv, VALUE val)
-(VALUE val)
-/* Same discussion as opt_aset. */
-// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_funcall() */ /* calls #hash */
-{
-    VALUE tmp = vm_opt_aset_with(recv, key, val);
-
-    if (!UNDEF_P(tmp)) {
-        val = tmp;
-    }
-    else {
-        TOPN(0) = rb_str_resurrect(key);
-        PUSH(val);
-        CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
-    }
-}
-
-/* recv[str] */
-DEFINE_INSN
-opt_aref_with
-(VALUE key, CALL_DATA cd)
-(VALUE recv)
-(VALUE val)
-/* Same discussion as opt_aref. */
-// attr bool leaf = false; /* has rb_funcall() */ /* calls #yield */
-{
-    val = vm_opt_aref_with(recv, key);
-
-    if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
-        PUSH(rb_str_resurrect(key));
-        CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
-    }
-}
-
 /* optimized length */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_length
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_length(recv, BOP_LENGTH);
 
@@ -1558,6 +1643,7 @@ opt_size
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_length(recv, BOP_SIZE);
 
@@ -1572,6 +1658,7 @@ opt_empty_p
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_empty_p(recv);
 
@@ -1586,6 +1673,7 @@ opt_succ
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_succ(recv);
 
@@ -1600,8 +1688,9 @@ opt_not
 (CALL_DATA cd)
 (VALUE recv)
 (VALUE val)
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
-    val = vm_opt_not(GET_ISEQ(), cd, recv);
+    val = vm_opt_not(GET_CFP(), cd, recv);
 
     if (UNDEF_P(val)) {
         CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
@@ -1615,6 +1704,7 @@ opt_regexpmatch2
 (VALUE obj2, VALUE obj1)
 (VALUE val)
 // attr bool leaf = false; /* match_at() has rb_thread_check_ints() */
+// attr bool zjit_profile = true;
 {
     val = vm_opt_regexpmatch2(obj2, obj1);
 
diff --git a/internal.h b/internal.h
index 4fb99d1c08..002044cfa1 100644
--- a/internal.h
+++ b/internal.h
@@ -58,9 +58,6 @@
 /* internal/array.h */
 #define rb_ary_new_from_args(...) rb_nonexistent_symbol(__VA_ARGS__)
 
-/* internal/io.h */
-#define rb_io_fptr_finalize(...) rb_nonexistent_symbol(__VA_ARGS__)
-
 /* internal/string.h */
 #define rb_fstring_cstr(...) rb_nonexistent_symbol(__VA_ARGS__)
 
diff --git a/internal/array.h b/internal/array.h
index 398676df4a..a2cd06f2e3 100644
--- a/internal/array.h
+++ b/internal/array.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ size_t rb_ary_size_as_embedded(VALUE ary);
 void rb_ary_make_embedded(VALUE ary);
 bool rb_ary_embeddable_p(VALUE ary);
 VALUE rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2);
+VALUE rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary);
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cArray_empty_frozen;
 
 static inline VALUE rb_ary_entry_internal(VALUE ary, long offset);
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ RARRAY_AREF(VALUE ary, long i)
     VALUE val;
     RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(ary, RUBY_T_ARRAY);
 
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i < RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+
     RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH();
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ == 13
     RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(-Warray-bounds);
diff --git a/internal/basic_operators.h b/internal/basic_operators.h
index 5dc8d7fe8d..493d2fa7f7 100644
--- a/internal/basic_operators.h
+++ b/internal/basic_operators.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ enum ruby_basic_operators {
     BOP_SUCC,
     BOP_GT,
     BOP_GE,
+    BOP_GTGT,
     BOP_NOT,
     BOP_NEQ,
     BOP_MATCH,
diff --git a/internal/bignum.h b/internal/bignum.h
index db8d3aee83..7389a17c74 100644
--- a/internal/bignum.h
+++ b/internal/bignum.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  * @brief      Internal header for Bignums.
  */
 #include "ruby/internal/config.h"      /* for HAVE_LIBGMP */
+#include "internal/compilers.h"        /* for FLEX_ARY_LEN */
 #include <stddef.h>             /* for size_t */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
@@ -76,26 +77,17 @@
 #define RBIGNUM(obj) ((struct RBignum *)(obj))
 #define BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT FL_USER1
 #define BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG ((VALUE)FL_USER2)
-#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS 3
+
+/* This is likely more bits than we need today and will also need adjustment if
+ * we change GC slot sizes.
+ */
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS 9
 #define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK \
-    (~(~(VALUE)0U << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS) << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
+    (RUBY_FL_USER11 | RUBY_FL_USER10 | RUBY_FL_USER9 | RUBY_FL_USER8 | RUBY_FL_USER7 | \
+     RUBY_FL_USER6 | RUBY_FL_USER5 | RUBY_FL_USER4 | RUBY_FL_USER3)
 #define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT \
     (FL_USHIFT+3) /* bit offset of BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK */
-#ifndef BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX
-# if (SIZEOF_VALUE*RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX/SIZEOF_ACTUAL_BDIGIT) < (1 << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS)-1
-#  define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX (SIZEOF_VALUE*RBIMPL_RVALUE_EMBED_LEN_MAX/SIZEOF_ACTUAL_BDIGIT)
-# else
-#  define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((1 << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS)-1)
-# endif
-#endif
-
-enum rb_int_parse_flags {
-    RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN       = 0x01,
-    RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE = 0x02,
-    RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX     = 0x04,
-    RB_INT_PARSE_ALL        = 0x07,
-    RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT    = 0x07,
-};
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
 
 struct RBignum {
     struct RBasic basic;
@@ -104,12 +96,18 @@ struct RBignum {
             size_t len;
             BDIGIT *digits;
         } heap;
-        BDIGIT ary[BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
+        /* This is a length 1 array because:
+         *   1. GCC has a bug that does not optimize C flexible array members
+         *      (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=102452)
+         *   2. Zero length arrays are not supported by all compilers
+         */
+        BDIGIT ary[1];
     } as;
 };
 
 /* bignum.c */
 extern const char ruby_digitmap[];
+extern const char ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[];
 double rb_big_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_big_uminus(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_big_hash(VALUE);
@@ -121,6 +119,7 @@ VALUE rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_str_convert_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck, int raise_exception);
 VALUE rb_big_comp(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_aref2(VALUE num, VALUE beg, VALUE len);
 VALUE rb_big_abs(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_big_size_m(VALUE big);
 VALUE rb_big_bit_length(VALUE big);
@@ -160,10 +159,15 @@ VALUE rb_big_divrem_gmp(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base);
 VALUE rb_str2big_gmp(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck);
 #endif
-VALUE rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, size_t *ndigits, int base, int flags);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG
+VALUE rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n);
+VALUE rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n);
+#endif
+
 #if defined(HAVE_INT128_T)
+VALUE rb_uint128t2big(uint128_t n);
 VALUE rb_int128t2big(int128_t n);
 #endif
 
diff --git a/internal/bits.h b/internal/bits.h
index 2b5aecf112..698ab3e219 100644
--- a/internal/bits.h
+++ b/internal/bits.h
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
 #include <stdint.h>             /* for uintptr_t */
 #include "internal/compilers.h" /* for MSC_VERSION_SINCE */
 
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
 # include <stdlib.h>            /* for _byteswap_uint64 */
 #endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_X86INTRIN_H)
 # include <x86intrin.h>         /* for _lzcnt_u64 */
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 # include <intrin.h>            /* for the following intrinsics */
 #endif
 
@@ -50,16 +50,13 @@
 # pragma intrinsic(__lzcnt64)
 #endif
 
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
 # pragma intrinsic(_rotl)
 # pragma intrinsic(_rotr)
 # ifdef _WIN64
 #  pragma intrinsic(_rotl64)
 #  pragma intrinsic(_rotr64)
 # endif
-#endif
-
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
 # pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
 # pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
 # ifdef _WIN64
@@ -266,7 +263,7 @@ ruby_swap16(uint16_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap16)
     return __builtin_bswap16(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_ushort(x);
 
 #else
@@ -281,7 +278,7 @@ ruby_swap32(uint32_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
     return __builtin_bswap32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_ulong(x);
 
 #else
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ ruby_swap64(uint64_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
     return __builtin_bswap64(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_uint64(x);
 
 #else
@@ -323,7 +320,7 @@ nlz_int32(uint32_t x)
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__LZCNT__)
     return (unsigned int)_lzcnt_u32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanReverse(&r, x) ? (31 - (int)r) : 32;
 
@@ -352,7 +349,7 @@ nlz_int64(uint64_t x)
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__LZCNT__)
     return (unsigned int)_lzcnt_u64(x);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN64) && MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
+#elif defined(_WIN64) && defined(_MSC_VER) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanReverse64(&r, x) ? (63u - (unsigned int)r) : 64;
 
@@ -538,7 +535,7 @@ ntz_int32(uint32_t x)
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__BMI__)
     return (unsigned)_tzcnt_u32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     /* :FIXME: Is there any way to issue TZCNT instead of BSF, apart from using
      *         assembly?  Because issuing LZCNT seems possible (see nlz.h). */
     unsigned long r;
@@ -560,7 +557,7 @@ ntz_int64(uint64_t x)
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__BMI__)
     return (unsigned)_tzcnt_u64(x);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN64) && MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
+#elif defined(_WIN64) && defined(_MSC_VER)
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanForward64(&r, x) ? (int)r : 64;
 
@@ -608,10 +605,10 @@ RUBY_BIT_ROTL(VALUE v, int n)
 #elif __has_builtin(__builtin_rotateleft64) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return __builtin_rotateleft64(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
     return _rotl(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return _rotl64(v, n);
 
 #elif defined(_lrotl) && (SIZEOF_VALUE == SIZEOF_LONG)
@@ -632,10 +629,10 @@ RUBY_BIT_ROTR(VALUE v, int n)
 #elif __has_builtin(__builtin_rotateright64) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return __builtin_rotateright64(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
     return _rotr(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return _rotr64(v, n);
 
 #elif defined(_lrotr) && (SIZEOF_VALUE == SIZEOF_LONG)
diff --git a/internal/box.h b/internal/box.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c717dc4e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/box.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#ifndef INTERNAL_BOX_H                                  /*-*-C-*-vi:se ft=c:*/
+#define INTERNAL_BOX_H
+
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
+
+/**
+ * @author     Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright  This  file  is   a  part  of  the   programming  language  Ruby.
+ *             Permission  is hereby  granted,  to  either redistribute  and/or
+ *             modify this file, provided that  the conditions mentioned in the
+ *             file COPYING are met.  Consult the file for details.
+ * @brief      Internal header for Ruby Box.
+ */
+struct rb_box_struct {
+    /*
+     * To retrieve Ruby::Box object that provides #require and so on.
+     * That is used from load.c, etc., that uses rb_box_t internally.
+     */
+    VALUE box_object;
+    long box_id; // box_id to generate ext filenames
+
+    VALUE top_self;
+
+    VALUE load_path;
+    VALUE load_path_snapshot;
+    VALUE load_path_check_cache;
+    VALUE expanded_load_path;
+    VALUE loaded_features;
+    VALUE loaded_features_snapshot;
+    VALUE loaded_features_realpaths;
+    VALUE loaded_features_realpath_map;
+    struct st_table *loaded_features_index;
+    struct st_table *loading_table;
+    VALUE ruby_dln_libmap;
+
+    VALUE gvar_tbl;
+    struct st_table *classext_cow_classes;
+
+    bool is_root;
+    bool is_user;
+    bool is_optional;
+};
+typedef struct rb_box_struct rb_box_t;
+
+struct rb_box_gem_flags {
+    bool gem;
+    bool error_highlight;
+    bool did_you_mean;
+    bool syntax_suggest;
+};
+typedef struct rb_box_gem_flags rb_box_gem_flags_t;
+
+#define BOX_OBJ_P(obj) (rb_obj_class(obj) == rb_cBox)
+
+#define BOX_MASTER_P(box) (box && !box->is_root && !box->is_user)
+#define BOX_MUTABLE_P(box) (box && (box->is_root || box->is_user))
+#define BOX_ROOT_P(box) (box && box->is_root)
+#define BOX_USER_P(box) (box && box->is_user)
+#define BOX_OPTIONAL_P(box) (box && box->is_optional)
+#define BOX_MAIN_P(box) (box && box->is_user && !box->is_optional)
+
+#define BOX_METHOD_DEFINITION(mdef) (mdef ? mdef->ns : NULL)
+#define BOX_METHOD_ENTRY(me) (me ? BOX_METHOD_DEFINITION(me->def) : NULL)
+#define BOX_CC(cc) (cc ? BOX_METHOD_ENTRY(cc->cme_) : NULL)
+#define BOX_CC_ENTRIES(ccs) (ccs ? BOX_METHOD_ENTRY(ccs->cme) : NULL)
+
+RUBY_EXTERN bool ruby_box_enabled;
+RUBY_EXTERN bool ruby_box_init_done;
+RUBY_EXTERN bool ruby_box_crashed;
+
+static inline bool
+rb_box_available(void)
+{
+    return ruby_box_enabled;
+}
+
+const rb_box_t * rb_master_box(void);
+const rb_box_t * rb_root_box(void);
+const rb_box_t * rb_main_box(void);
+const rb_box_t * rb_current_box(void);
+const rb_box_t * rb_loading_box(void);
+const rb_box_t * rb_current_box_in_crash_report(void);
+
+void rb_box_entry_mark(void *);
+void rb_box_gc_update_references(void *ptr);
+
+rb_box_t * rb_get_box_t(VALUE ns);
+VALUE rb_get_box_object(rb_box_t *ns);
+
+VALUE rb_box_local_extension(VALUE box, VALUE fname, VALUE path, VALUE *cleanup);
+void rb_box_cleanup_local_extension(VALUE cleanup);
+
+void rb_initialize_mandatory_boxes(void);
+void rb_box_init_done(void);
+void rb_box_set_gem_flags(rb_box_gem_flags_t *);
+#endif /* INTERNAL_BOX_H */
diff --git a/internal/class.h b/internal/class.h
index f94434b938..0773dbad95 100644
--- a/internal/class.h
+++ b/internal/class.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 #include "id.h"
 #include "id_table.h"           /* for struct rb_id_table */
+#include "internal/box.h"
 #include "internal/serial.h"    /* for rb_serial_t */
 #include "internal/static_assert.h"
 #include "internal/variable.h"  /* for rb_class_ivar_set */
@@ -26,36 +27,31 @@
 # undef RCLASS_SUPER
 #endif
 
-struct rb_subclass_entry {
-    VALUE klass;
-    struct rb_subclass_entry *next;
-    struct rb_subclass_entry *prev;
-};
-typedef struct rb_subclass_entry rb_subclass_entry_t;
-
 struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry {
+    VALUE imemo_flags;
     uint32_t index;
     rb_serial_t global_cvar_state;
-    const rb_cref_t * cref;
+    const rb_cref_t *cref;
     VALUE class_value;
 };
 
 struct rb_classext_struct {
-    VALUE *iv_ptr;
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+    VALUE super;
+    VALUE fields_obj; // Fields are either ivar or other internal properties stored inline
+    VALUE classpath;
+    struct rb_id_table *m_tbl;
     struct rb_id_table *const_tbl;
     struct rb_id_table *callable_m_tbl;
-    struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl; /* ID -> [[ci1, cc1], [ci2, cc2] ...] */
-    struct rb_id_table *cvc_tbl;
-    size_t superclass_depth;
+    VALUE cc_tbl; /* { ID => { cme, [cc1, cc2, ...] }, ... } */
+    VALUE cvc_tbl;
     VALUE *superclasses;
-    struct rb_subclass_entry *subclasses;
-    struct rb_subclass_entry *subclass_entry;
     /**
-     * In the case that this is an `ICLASS`, `module_subclasses` points to the link
-     * in the module's `subclasses` list that indicates that the klass has been
-     * included. Hopefully that makes sense.
+     * imemo_subclasses VALUE tracking this class's subclasses.
+     * Only used in prime classext. Lazily allocated on first subclass addition.
      */
-    struct rb_subclass_entry *module_subclass_entry;
+    VALUE subclasses;
+
     const VALUE origin_;
     const VALUE refined_class;
     union {
@@ -65,13 +61,19 @@ struct rb_classext_struct {
         struct {
             VALUE attached_object;
         } singleton_class;
+        struct {
+            const VALUE includer;
+        } iclass;
     } as;
-    const VALUE includer;
+    uint16_t superclass_depth;
     attr_index_t max_iv_count;
-    unsigned char variation_count;
+    uint8_t variation_count;
     bool permanent_classpath : 1;
-    bool cloned : 1;
-    VALUE classpath;
+    bool shared_const_tbl : 1;
+    bool iclass_is_origin : 1;
+    bool iclass_origin_shared_mtbl : 1;
+    bool superclasses_with_self : 1;
+    bool expect_no_ivar : 1;
 };
 typedef struct rb_classext_struct rb_classext_t;
 
@@ -79,103 +81,365 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(shape_max_variations, SHAPE_MAX_VARIATIONS < (1 << (sizeof(((rb_cl
 
 struct RClass {
     struct RBasic basic;
-    VALUE super;
-    struct rb_id_table *m_tbl;
+    VALUE object_id;
+    /*
+     * If box_classext_tbl is NULL, then the prime classext is readable (because no other classext exists).
+     * For the check whether writable or not, check flag RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE
+     */
 };
 
-// Assert that classes can be embedded in heaps[2] (which has 160B slot size)
-STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_rb_classext_t, sizeof(struct RClass) + sizeof(rb_classext_t) <= 4 * RVALUE_SIZE);
-
 struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t {
     struct RClass rclass;
     rb_classext_t classext;
 };
 
-#define RCLASS_EXT(c) (&((struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t*)(c))->classext)
-#define RCLASS_CONST_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->const_tbl)
-#define RCLASS_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS(c)->m_tbl)
-#define RCLASS_IVPTR(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->iv_ptr)
-#define RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->callable_m_tbl)
-#define RCLASS_CC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->cc_tbl)
-#define RCLASS_CVC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->cvc_tbl)
-#define RCLASS_ORIGIN(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->origin_)
-#define RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->refined_class)
-#define RCLASS_INCLUDER(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->includer)
-#define RCLASS_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->subclass_entry)
-#define RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASS_ENTRY(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->module_subclass_entry)
-#define RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->subclasses)
-#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->superclass_depth)
-#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->superclasses)
-#define RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->as.singleton_class.attached_object)
+#if SIZEOF_VALUE >= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+// Assert that classes can be embedded in heaps[3] (256B slot size on 64-bit).
+// On 32bit platforms there is no variable width allocation so it doesn't matter.
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_rb_classext_t, sizeof(struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t) <= 256);
+#endif
+
+struct RClass_boxable {
+    struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t base;
+    st_table *box_classext_tbl; // box_object -> (rb_classext_t *)
+};
+
+static const uint16_t RCLASS_MAX_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH = ((uint16_t)-1);
+
+static inline bool RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(VALUE klass);
+
+static inline bool RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_READABLE_P(VALUE obj);
+static inline bool RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(VALUE obj);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(VALUE obj, bool writable);
+
+#define RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c) (&((struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t*)(c))->classext)
+#define RCLASS_EXT_PRIME_P(ext, c) (&((struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t*)(c))->classext == ext)
+
+static inline rb_classext_t * RCLASS_EXT_READABLE_IN_BOX(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box);
+static inline rb_classext_t * RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(VALUE obj);
+static inline rb_classext_t * RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_IN_BOX(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box);
+static inline rb_classext_t * RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(VALUE obj);
+
+// Raw accessor
+#define RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext) (ext->box)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SUPER(ext) (ext->super)
+#define RCLASSEXT_FIELDS(ext) (ext->fields_obj ? ROBJECT_FIELDS(ext->fields_obj) : NULL)
+#define RCLASSEXT_FIELDS_OBJ(ext) (ext->fields_obj)
+#define RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(ext) (ext->m_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) (ext->const_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(ext) (ext->callable_m_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(ext) (ext->cc_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(ext) (ext->cvc_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext) (ext->superclass_depth)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES(ext) (ext->superclasses)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext) (ext->subclasses)
+#define RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(ext) (ext->origin_)
+#define RCLASSEXT_REFINED_CLASS(ext) (ext->refined_class)
+// class.allocator/singleton_class.attached_object are not accessed directly via RCLASSEXT_*
+#define RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(ext) (ext->as.iclass.includer)
+#define RCLASSEXT_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH(ext) (ext->permanent_classpath)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) (ext->shared_const_tbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) (ext->iclass_is_origin)
+#define RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext) (ext->iclass_origin_shared_mtbl)
+#define RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext) (ext->superclasses_with_self)
+#define RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext) (ext->classpath)
+
+static inline void RCLASSEXT_SET_ORIGIN(rb_classext_t *ext, VALUE klass, VALUE origin);
+static inline void RCLASSEXT_SET_INCLUDER(rb_classext_t *ext, VALUE klass, VALUE includer);
+
+/* Prime classext entry accessor for very specific reason */
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_BOX(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->box)
+// To invalidate CC by inserting&invalidating method entry into tables containing the target cme
+// See clear_method_cache_by_id_in_class()
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_FIELDS_OBJ(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->fields_obj)
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->m_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_CONST_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->const_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_CALLABLE_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->callable_m_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_CC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->cc_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_M_TBL_NOT_PRIME_P(c, tbl) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->m_tbl != tbl)
+#define RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL_NOT_PRIME_P(c, tbl) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->callable_m_tbl != tbl)
+#define RCLASS_CC_TBL_NOT_PRIME_P(c, tbl) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->cc_tbl != tbl)
+
+// Read accessor, regarding box
+#define RCLASS_SUPER(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->super)
+#define RCLASS_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->m_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_CONST_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->const_tbl)
+/*
+ * Both cc_tbl/callable_m_tbl are cache-like and always be changed when referreed,
+ * so always those should be writable.
+ */
+#define RCLASS_CVC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->cvc_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->subclasses)
+#define RCLASS_ORIGIN(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->origin_)
+#define RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN_P(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->iclass_is_origin)
+#define RCLASS_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH_P(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->permanent_classpath)
+#define RCLASS_CLASSPATH(c) (RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(c)->classpath)
+
+// Superclasses can't be changed after initialization
+#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->superclass_depth)
+#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->superclasses)
+#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF_P(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->superclasses_with_self)
+
+// Ruby Box doesn't make changes on these refined_class/attached_object/includer
+#define RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->refined_class)
+#define RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->as.singleton_class.attached_object)
+#define RCLASS_INCLUDER(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->as.iclass.includer)
+
+// max IV count and variation count are just hints, so they don't need to be per-box
+#define RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(ext) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(ext)->max_iv_count)
+#define RCLASS_VARIATION_COUNT(ext) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(ext)->variation_count)
+
+// Writable classext entries (instead of RCLASS_SET_*) because member data will be operated directly
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(c)->m_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_CONST_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(c)->const_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_CALLABLE_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(c)->callable_m_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_CC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(c)->cc_tbl)
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_CVC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(c)->cvc_tbl)
+// Subclasses are only in the prime classext (box-invariant)
+#define RCLASS_WRITABLE_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(c)->subclasses)
+
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, bool shared);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_CONST_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, bool shared);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_CALLABLE_M_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_CC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_CVC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_CVC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table);
+
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_SUPERCLASSES(VALUE klass, size_t depth, VALUE *superclasses, bool with_self);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_SUBCLASSES(VALUE klass, VALUE subclasses);
+
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin);
+static inline void RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass);
+static inline void RICLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass);
+static inline bool RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(VALUE iclass);
+
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS(VALUE klass, VALUE refined);
+static inline rb_alloc_func_t RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(VALUE klass);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(VALUE klass, rb_alloc_func_t allocator);
+static inline VALUE RCLASS_SET_ATTACHED_OBJECT(VALUE klass, VALUE attached_object);
+
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(VALUE iclass, VALUE klass);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_MAX_IV_COUNT(VALUE klass, attr_index_t count);
+static inline void RCLASS_SET_CLASSPATH(VALUE klass, VALUE classpath, bool permanent);
+static inline void RCLASS_WRITE_CLASSPATH(VALUE klass, VALUE classpath, bool permanent);
 
 #define RCLASS_IS_ROOT FL_USER0
-#define RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN FL_USER0
-#define RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES_INCLUDE_SELF FL_USER2
-#define RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL FL_USER3
+// 1 is for RUBY_FL_SINGLETON or RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT
+#define RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE FL_USER2
+#define RCLASS_IS_INITIALIZED FL_USER3
+// 3 is RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT for RMODULE
+#define RCLASS_BOXABLE FL_USER4
+#define RCLASS_ALLOCATOR_DEFINED FL_USER5
+#define RCLASS_HAS_SUBCLASSES FL_USER6
 
 static inline st_table *
-RCLASS_IV_HASH(VALUE obj)
+RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(VALUE klass)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj));
-    return (st_table *)RCLASS_IVPTR(obj);
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_BOXABLE)) {
+        struct RClass_boxable *box_klass = (struct RClass_boxable *)klass;
+        return box_klass->box_classext_tbl;
+    }
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 static inline void
-RCLASS_SET_IV_HASH(VALUE obj, const st_table *tbl)
+RCLASS_SET_CLASSEXT_TBL(VALUE klass, st_table *tbl)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
-    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj));
-    RCLASS_IVPTR(obj) = (VALUE *)tbl;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_BOXABLE));
+    struct RClass_boxable *box_klass = (struct RClass_boxable *)klass;
+    box_klass->box_classext_tbl = tbl;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t
-RCLASS_IV_COUNT(VALUE obj)
+/* class.c */
+rb_classext_t * rb_class_duplicate_classext(rb_classext_t *orig, VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box);
+void rb_class_ensure_writable(VALUE obj);
+
+void rb_class_set_box_classext(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box, rb_classext_t *ext);
+
+static inline int
+RCLASS_SET_BOX_CLASSEXT(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box, rb_classext_t *ext)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
-    if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-        uint32_t count;
-
-        // "Too complex" classes could have their IV hash mutated in
-        // parallel, so lets lock around getting the hash size.
-        RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
-        {
-            count = (uint32_t)rb_st_table_size(RCLASS_IV_HASH(obj));
-        }
-        RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
+    int first_set = 0;
+    st_table *tbl = RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj);
+    VM_ASSERT(BOX_MUTABLE_P(box)); // Setting non-prime classext never happens on the master box
+    VM_ASSERT(box->box_object);
+    VM_ASSERT(RCLASSEXT_BOX(ext) == box);
+    if (!tbl) {
+        tbl = st_init_numtable_with_size(1);
+        RCLASS_SET_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj, tbl);
+    }
+    if (rb_st_table_size(tbl) == 0) {
+        first_set = 1;
+    }
+
+    rb_class_set_box_classext(obj, box, ext);
+
+    return first_set;
+}
+
+#define VM_ASSERT_BOXABLE_TYPE(klass) \
+    VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS), "%s is not boxable type", rb_type_str(BUILTIN_TYPE(klass)))
+
+static inline bool
+RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_READABLE_P(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(klass != 0, "klass should be a valid object");
+    VM_ASSERT_BOXABLE_TYPE(klass);
+    // if the lookup table exists, then it means the prime classext is NOT directly readable.
+    return !FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_BOXABLE) || RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(klass) == NULL;
+}
 
-        return count;
+static inline bool
+RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(klass != 0, "klass should be a valid object");
+    VM_ASSERT_BOXABLE_TYPE(klass);
+    RBIMPL_ASSUME(klass != 0);
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(VALUE klass, bool writable)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(klass != 0, "klass should be a valid object");
+    VM_ASSERT_BOXABLE_TYPE(klass);
+    if (writable) {
+        FL_SET_RAW(klass, RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE);
     }
     else {
-        return rb_shape_get_shape_by_id(RCLASS_SHAPE_ID(obj))->next_iv_index;
+        FL_UNSET_RAW(klass, RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE);
     }
 }
 
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_TABLE_LOOKUP_INTERNAL(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    st_data_t classext_ptr;
+    st_table *classext_tbl = RCLASS_CLASSEXT_TBL(obj);
+    if (classext_tbl) {
+        if (rb_st_lookup(classext_tbl, (st_data_t)box->box_object, &classext_ptr)) {
+            return (rb_classext_t *)classext_ptr;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_READABLE_LOOKUP(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_TABLE_LOOKUP_INTERNAL(obj, box);
+    if (ext)
+        return ext;
+    // Classext for the ns not found. Refer the prime one instead.
+    return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_READABLE_IN_BOX(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    if (BOX_MASTER_P(box)
+        || RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_READABLE_P(obj)) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    return RCLASS_EXT_READABLE_LOOKUP(obj, box);
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(VALUE obj)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+    if (RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_READABLE_P(obj)) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    // delay determining the current box to optimize for unmodified classes
+    box = rb_current_box();
+    if (BOX_MASTER_P(box)) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    return RCLASS_EXT_READABLE_LOOKUP(obj, box);
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_LOOKUP(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext;
+    int first_set = 0;
+
+    ext = RCLASS_EXT_TABLE_LOOKUP_INTERNAL(obj, box);
+    if (ext)
+        return ext;
+
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        // re-check the classext is not created to avoid the multi-thread race
+        ext = RCLASS_EXT_TABLE_LOOKUP_INTERNAL(obj, box);
+        if (!ext) {
+            ext = rb_class_duplicate_classext(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj), obj, box);
+            first_set = RCLASS_SET_BOX_CLASSEXT(obj, box, ext);
+            if (first_set) {
+                // TODO: are there any case that a class/module become non-writable after its birthtime?
+                RCLASS_SET_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE(obj, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ext;
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_IN_BOX(VALUE obj, const rb_box_t *box)
+{
+    if (BOX_MASTER_P(box)
+        || RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(obj)) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    return RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_LOOKUP(obj, box);
+}
+
+static inline rb_classext_t *
+RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(VALUE obj)
+{
+    const rb_box_t *box;
+    if (LIKELY(RCLASS_PRIME_CLASSEXT_WRITABLE_P(obj))) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    // delay determining the current box to optimize for unmodified classes
+    box = rb_current_box();
+    if (BOX_MASTER_P(box)) {
+        return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(obj);
+    }
+    return RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_LOOKUP(obj, box);
+}
+
 static inline void
-RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table)
+RCLASSEXT_SET_ORIGIN(rb_classext_t *ext, VALUE klass, VALUE origin)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &(RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(ext)), origin);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASSEXT_SET_INCLUDER(rb_classext_t *ext, VALUE klass, VALUE includer)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_OBJ_PROMOTED(klass));
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) = table;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &(RCLASSEXT_INCLUDER(ext)), includer);
 }
 
 /* class.c */
+typedef void rb_class_classext_foreach_callback_func(rb_classext_t *classext, bool is_prime, VALUE box_value, void *arg);
+void rb_class_classext_foreach(VALUE klass, rb_class_classext_foreach_callback_func *func, void *arg);
 void rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass);
-void rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(VALUE);
+void rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE);
 void rb_class_update_superclasses(VALUE);
-size_t rb_class_superclasses_memsize(VALUE);
-void rb_class_remove_subclass_head(VALUE);
 int rb_singleton_class_internal_p(VALUE sklass);
+VALUE rb_class_set_super(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
 VALUE rb_class_boot(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_class_s_alloc(VALUE klass);
 VALUE rb_module_s_alloc(VALUE klass);
-void rb_module_set_initialized(VALUE module);
+void rb_class_set_initialized(VALUE klass);
 void rb_module_check_initializable(VALUE module);
 VALUE rb_make_metaclass(VALUE, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_include_class_new(VALUE, VALUE);
-void rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE);
-void rb_class_detach_subclasses(VALUE);
-void rb_class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE);
-void rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_define_class_id_under_no_pin(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super);
 VALUE rb_obj_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_obj_protected_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
@@ -186,89 +450,258 @@ VALUE rb_special_singleton_class(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach);
 VALUE rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj);
 void rb_undef_methods_from(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
-
-static inline void RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin);
-static inline void RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass);
-static inline VALUE RCLASS_SUPER(VALUE klass);
-static inline VALUE RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
-static inline void RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(VALUE iclass, VALUE klass);
-
 VALUE rb_class_inherited(VALUE, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_keyword_error_new(const char *, VALUE);
 
+rb_classext_t *rb_class_unlink_classext(VALUE klass, const rb_box_t *box);
+void rb_class_classext_free(VALUE klass, rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime);
+void rb_iclass_classext_free(VALUE klass, rb_classext_t *ext, bool is_prime);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+/* for objspace */
+VALUE rb_class_super_of(VALUE klass);
+VALUE rb_class_singleton_p(VALUE klass);
+unsigned char rb_class_variation_count(VALUE klass);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
 static inline bool
 RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(VALUE klass)
 {
-    return RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) && FL_TEST_RAW(klass, FL_SINGLETON);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+    return RB_BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_CLASS && FL_TEST_RAW(klass, FL_SINGLETON);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_SUPER(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)), super);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_SUPER(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass)), super);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+RCLASS_WRITABLE_ENSURE_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(obj);
+    if (!ext->fields_obj) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &ext->fields_obj, rb_imemo_fields_new(obj, ROOT_SHAPE_ID, true));
+    }
+    return ext->fields_obj;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+RCLASS_WRITABLE_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
+    return RCLASSEXT_FIELDS_OBJ(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(obj));
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASSEXT_SET_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE obj, rb_classext_t *ext, VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
+
+    RB_OBJ_ATOMIC_WRITE(obj, &ext->fields_obj, fields_obj);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITABLE_SET_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE obj, VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
+
+    RCLASSEXT_SET_FIELDS_OBJ(obj, RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(obj), fields_obj);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t
+RCLASS_FIELDS_COUNT(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_MODULE));
+
+    VALUE fields_obj = RCLASS_WRITABLE_FIELDS_OBJ(obj);
+    if (fields_obj) {
+        if (rb_obj_shape_complex_p(fields_obj)) {
+            return (uint32_t)rb_st_table_size(rb_imemo_fields_complex_tbl(fields_obj));
+        }
+        else {
+            return RSHAPE_LEN(RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(fields_obj));
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_M_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table)
+{
+    RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)) = table;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_M_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table)
+{
+    RCLASSEXT_M_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass)) = table;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_CONST_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, bool shared)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass);
+    RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) = table;
+    if (shared)
+        RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) = true;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_CONST_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, bool shared)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass);
+    RCLASSEXT_CONST_TBL(ext) = table;
+    if (shared)
+        RCLASSEXT_SHARED_CONST_TBL(ext) = true;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_CALLABLE_M_TBL(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table)
+{
+    RCLASSEXT_CALLABLE_M_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass)) = table;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_CC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_ATOMIC_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_CC_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass)), table);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_CVC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_ATOMIC_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)), table);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_CVC_TBL(VALUE klass, VALUE table)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_ATOMIC_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_CVC_TBL(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass)), table);
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_REFINED_CLASS(VALUE klass, VALUE refined)
+{
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_REFINED_CLASS(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)), refined);
 }
 
 static inline rb_alloc_func_t
 RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(VALUE klass)
 {
-    if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return RCLASS_EXT(klass)->as.class.allocator;
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(klass, T_CLASS);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
+    return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->as.class.allocator;
 }
 
 static inline void
 RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(VALUE klass, rb_alloc_func_t allocator)
 {
-    assert(!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
-    RCLASS_EXT(klass)->as.class.allocator = allocator;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
+    RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->as.class.allocator = allocator; // Allocator is set only on the initial definition
 }
 
 static inline void
 RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin)
 {
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), origin);
-    if (klass != origin) FL_SET(origin, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN);
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(ext), origin);
+    if (klass != origin) RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(origin)) = true;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_ORIGIN(ext), origin);
+    if (klass != origin) RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(origin)) = true;
 }
 
 static inline void
 RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass)
 {
-    FL_SET(iclass, RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL);
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(iclass)) = true;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RICLASS_WRITE_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass)
+{
+    RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(iclass)) = true;
 }
 
 static inline bool
 RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(VALUE iclass)
 {
-    return FL_TEST_RAW(iclass, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN | RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL) == RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN;
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(iclass);
+    return RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_IS_ORIGIN(ext) && !RCLASSEXT_ICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(ext);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+RICLASS_FOR_REFINEMENT_P(VALUE iclass)
+{
+    return BUILTIN_TYPE(iclass) == T_ICLASS &&
+            RB_TYPE_P(RBASIC(iclass)->klass, T_MODULE) &&
+            FL_TEST_RAW(RBASIC(iclass)->klass, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT);
 }
 
 static inline void
 RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(VALUE iclass, VALUE klass)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(iclass, T_ICLASS));
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(iclass, &RCLASS_INCLUDER(iclass), klass);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-RCLASS_SUPER(VALUE klass)
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_SUPERCLASSES(VALUE klass, size_t depth, VALUE *superclasses, bool with_self)
 {
-    return RCLASS(klass)->super;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(depth <= RCLASS_MAX_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH);
+
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass);
+    RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(ext) = depth;
+    RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES(ext) = superclasses;
+    RCLASSEXT_SUPERCLASSES_WITH_SELF(ext) = with_self;
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_SUBCLASSES(VALUE klass, VALUE subclasses)
 {
-    if (super) {
-        rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(klass);
-        rb_class_subclass_add(super, klass);
-    }
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS(klass)->super, super);
-    rb_class_update_superclasses(klass);
-    return super;
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASSEXT_SUBCLASSES(ext), subclasses);
 }
 
 static inline void
 RCLASS_SET_CLASSPATH(VALUE klass, VALUE classpath, bool permanent)
 {
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_READABLE(klass);
+    assert(BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_CLASS || BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_MODULE);
+    assert(classpath == 0 || BUILTIN_TYPE(classpath) == T_STRING);
+    assert(FL_TEST_RAW(classpath, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE));
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &(RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext)), classpath);
+    RCLASSEXT_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH(ext) = permanent;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_WRITE_CLASSPATH(VALUE klass, VALUE classpath, bool permanent)
+{
+    rb_classext_t *ext = RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE(klass);
     assert(BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_CLASS || BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_MODULE);
     assert(classpath == 0 || BUILTIN_TYPE(classpath) == T_STRING);
+    assert(!RB_FL_ABLE(classpath) || FL_TEST_RAW(classpath, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE));
 
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &(RCLASS_EXT(klass)->classpath), classpath);
-    RCLASS_EXT(klass)->permanent_classpath = permanent;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &(RCLASSEXT_CLASSPATH(ext)), classpath);
+    RCLASSEXT_PERMANENT_CLASSPATH(ext) = permanent;
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
@@ -276,8 +709,36 @@ RCLASS_SET_ATTACHED_OBJECT(VALUE klass, VALUE attached_object)
 {
     assert(RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
 
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS_EXT(klass)->as.singleton_class.attached_object, attached_object);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->as.singleton_class.attached_object, attached_object);
     return attached_object;
 }
 
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_MAX_IV_COUNT(VALUE klass, attr_index_t count)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(klass != rb_cObject);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(klass != rb_cBasicObject);
+
+    RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(klass) = count;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RCLASS_SET_EXPECT_NO_IVAR(VALUE klass)
+{
+    RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->expect_no_ivar = true;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+RCLASS_EXPECT_NO_IVAR(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->expect_no_ivar;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE));
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(klass, RCLASS_IS_INITIALIZED);
+}
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_CLASS_H */
diff --git a/internal/cmdlineopt.h b/internal/cmdlineopt.h
index c12994733e..aed209e2a2 100644
--- a/internal/cmdlineopt.h
+++ b/internal/cmdlineopt.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ typedef struct ruby_cmdline_options {
 #if USE_YJIT
     unsigned int yjit: 1;
 #endif
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    unsigned int zjit: 1;
+#endif
 } ruby_cmdline_options_t;
 
 struct ruby_opt_message {
diff --git a/internal/compar.h b/internal/compar.h
index 9115e4bd63..5eb5e8714e 100644
--- a/internal/compar.h
+++ b/internal/compar.h
@@ -25,5 +25,6 @@
 
 /* compar.c */
 VALUE rb_invcmp(VALUE, VALUE);
+NORETURN(void rb_cmperr_reason(VALUE, VALUE, const char*));
 
 #endif /* INTERNAL_COMPAR_H */
diff --git a/internal/concurrent_set.h b/internal/concurrent_set.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76cbefab04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/concurrent_set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_RACTOR_SAFE_TABLE_H
+#define RUBY_RACTOR_SAFE_TABLE_H
+
+#include "ruby/atomic.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+
+struct rb_concurrent_set_funcs {
+    VALUE (*hash)(VALUE key);
+    bool (*cmp)(VALUE a, VALUE b);
+    VALUE (*create)(VALUE key, void *data);
+    void (*free)(VALUE key);
+};
+
+VALUE rb_concurrent_set_new(const struct rb_concurrent_set_funcs *funcs, int capacity);
+rb_atomic_t rb_concurrent_set_size(VALUE set_obj);
+VALUE rb_concurrent_set_find(VALUE *set_obj_ptr, VALUE key);
+VALUE rb_concurrent_set_find_or_insert(VALUE *set_obj_ptr, VALUE key, void *data);
+VALUE rb_concurrent_set_delete_by_identity(VALUE set_obj, VALUE key);
+void rb_concurrent_set_foreach_with_replace(VALUE set_obj, int (*callback)(VALUE *key, void *data), void *data);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/internal/cont.h b/internal/cont.h
index 3c2528a02a..dcf6f820a3 100644
--- a/internal/cont.h
+++ b/internal/cont.h
@@ -31,5 +31,4 @@ VALUE rb_fiber_inherit_storage(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec, struct rb
 VALUE rb_fiberptr_self(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber);
 unsigned int rb_fiberptr_blocking(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber);
 struct rb_execution_context_struct * rb_fiberptr_get_ec(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber);
-
 #endif /* INTERNAL_CONT_H */
diff --git a/internal/encoding.h b/internal/encoding.h
index 29d7dc5c2d..38bf8fc9da 100644
--- a/internal/encoding.h
+++ b/internal/encoding.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for ID */
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"      /* for rb_encoding */
 
-#define rb_enc_autoload_p(enc) (!rb_enc_mbmaxlen(enc))
 #define rb_is_usascii_enc(enc) ((enc) == rb_usascii_encoding())
 #define rb_is_ascii8bit_enc(enc) ((enc) == rb_ascii8bit_encoding())
 #define rb_is_locale_enc(enc) ((enc) == rb_locale_encoding())
@@ -24,11 +23,13 @@ rb_encoding *rb_enc_check_str(VALUE str1, VALUE str2);
 int rb_encdb_replicate(const char *alias, const char *orig);
 int rb_encdb_alias(const char *alias, const char *orig);
 int rb_enc_autoload(rb_encoding *enc);
+bool rb_enc_autoload_p(rb_encoding *enc);
 int rb_encdb_dummy(const char *name);
 void rb_encdb_declare(const char *name);
 void rb_enc_set_base(const char *name, const char *orig);
 int rb_enc_set_dummy(int index);
 void rb_enc_raw_set(VALUE obj, rb_encoding *enc);
+int rb_enc_registered(const char *name);
 
 PUREFUNC(int rb_data_is_encoding(VALUE obj));
 
diff --git a/internal/error.h b/internal/error.h
index 5d53f96b8e..fead2aee95 100644
--- a/internal/error.h
+++ b/internal/error.h
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ PRINTF_ARGS(void rb_warn_deprecated_to_remove(const char *removal, const char *f
 PRINTF_ARGS(void rb_warn_reserved_name(const char *removal, const char *fmt, ...), 2, 3);
 #if RUBY_DEBUG
 # include "ruby/version.h"
-# define RUBY_VERSION_SINCE(major, minor) (RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE >= (major * 10000) + (minor) * 100)
-# define RUBY_VERSION_BEFORE(major, minor) (RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE < (major * 10000) + (minor) * 100)
+# define RUBY_VERSION_SINCE(major, minor) (RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE >= (major) * 10000 + (minor) * 100)
+# define RUBY_VERSION_BEFORE(major, minor) (RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE < (major) * 10000 + (minor) * 100)
 # if defined(RBIMPL_WARNING_PRAGMA0)
 #   define RBIMPL_TODO0(x) RBIMPL_WARNING_PRAGMA0(message(x))
-# elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(MSVC, 12, 0, 0)
+# elif RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(MSVC)
 #   define RBIMPL_TODO0(x) __pragma(message(x))
 # endif
 
@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ static inline void Check_Type(VALUE v, enum ruby_value_type t);
 static inline bool rb_typeddata_is_instance_of_inline(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
 #define rb_typeddata_is_instance_of rb_typeddata_is_instance_of_inline
 void rb_bug_without_die(const char *fmt, ...);
+NORETURN(void rb_no_implicit_conversion(VALUE val, const char *tname));
+NORETURN(void rb_cant_convert(VALUE val, const char *tname));
+NORETURN(void rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method_name, VALUE ret));
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* error.c (export) */
@@ -235,10 +238,18 @@ rb_key_err_raise(VALUE mesg, VALUE recv, VALUE name)
     rb_exc_raise(exc);
 }
 
+RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((2))
 static inline bool
 rb_typeddata_is_instance_of_inline(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type)
 {
-    return RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_DATA) && RTYPEDDATA_P(obj) && (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == data_type);
+    return rbimpl_obj_typeddata_p(obj) && (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == data_type);
 }
 
+typedef enum {
+    rb_stack_overflow_prevention = 0, // VM stack overflow or about to machine stack overflow
+    rb_stack_overflow_signal = 1, // machine stack overflow but may be recoverable
+    rb_stack_overflow_fatal = 2, // fatal machine stack overflow
+} ruby_stack_overflow_critical_level;
+NORETURN(void rb_ec_stack_overflow(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec, ruby_stack_overflow_critical_level crit));
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_ERROR_H */
diff --git a/internal/eval.h b/internal/eval.h
index e594d8516d..17ade0a7f1 100644
--- a/internal/eval.h
+++ b/internal/eval.h
@@ -11,17 +11,27 @@
  *             header (related to this file, but not the same role).
  */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for ID */
+#include "vm_core.h"          /* for ID */
 
 #define id_signo ruby_static_id_signo
 #define id_status ruby_static_id_status
 
 /* eval.c */
+struct rb_refinements_data {
+    VALUE refinement;
+    VALUE refinements;
+};
+
 extern ID ruby_static_id_signo;
 extern ID ruby_static_id_status;
 VALUE rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(VALUE module);
 void rb_class_modify_check(VALUE);
 NORETURN(VALUE rb_f_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv));
+VALUE rb_exception_setup(int argc, VALUE *argv);
+void rb_refinement_setup(struct rb_refinements_data *data, VALUE module, VALUE klass);
+void rb_vm_using_module(VALUE module);
 VALUE rb_top_main_class(const char *method);
+VALUE rb_ec_ensure(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2);
 
 /* eval_error.c */
 VALUE rb_get_backtrace(VALUE info);
diff --git a/internal/file.h b/internal/file.h
index 9c192ff4d1..1aa4c67043 100644
--- a/internal/file.h
+++ b/internal/file.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ VALUE rb_file_expand_path_fast(VALUE, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_file_expand_path_internal(VALUE, VALUE, int, int, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_get_path_check_to_string(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_get_path_check_convert(VALUE);
+VALUE rb_get_path_check_no_convert(VALUE);
 int ruby_is_fd_loadable(int fd);
+char *rb_enc_path_skip_prefix_root(const char *path, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* file.c (export) */
diff --git a/internal/gc.h b/internal/gc.h
index 4e9b4554e8..8b136e6572 100644
--- a/internal/gc.h
+++ b/internal/gc.h
@@ -83,8 +83,6 @@ rb_gc_debug_body(const char *mode, const char *msg, int st, void *ptr)
 #define RUBY_GC_INFO if(0)printf
 #endif
 
-#define RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(ptr) if(ptr){ruby_xfree(ptr);(ptr)=NULL;}
-
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
 # define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) (a)
 #elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
@@ -122,10 +120,11 @@ const char *rb_raw_obj_info(char *const buff, const size_t buff_size, VALUE obj)
 struct rb_execution_context_struct; /* in vm_core.h */
 struct rb_objspace; /* in vm_core.h */
 
-#define NEWOBJ_OF(var, T, c, f, s, ec) \
-    T *(var) = (T *)(((f) & FL_WB_PROTECTED) ? \
-            rb_wb_protected_newobj_of((ec ? ec : GET_EC()), (c), (f) & ~FL_WB_PROTECTED, s) : \
-            rb_wb_unprotected_newobj_of((c), (f), s))
+#define EC_NEWOBJ_OF(var, T, c, f, s, ec)  \
+    T *(var) = (T *)rb_ec_newobj_of((ec), (c), (f), s)
+#define NEWOBJ_OF(var, T, c, f, s) EC_NEWOBJ_OF(var, T, c, f, s, GET_EC())
+#define UNPROTECTED_NEWOBJ_OF(var, T, c, f, s) \
+    T *(var) = (T *)rb_newobj((GET_EC()), (c), (f), ROOT_SHAPE_ID | SHAPE_ID_LAYOUT_OTHER, false, s)
 
 #ifndef RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_DEFINED
 # define RB_GC_OBJECT_METADATA_ENTRY_DEFINED
@@ -198,9 +197,9 @@ RUBY_ATTR_MALLOC void *rb_xcalloc_mul_add(size_t, size_t, size_t);
 void *rb_xrealloc_mul_add(const void *, size_t, size_t, size_t);
 RUBY_ATTR_MALLOC void *rb_xmalloc_mul_add_mul(size_t, size_t, size_t, size_t);
 RUBY_ATTR_MALLOC void *rb_xcalloc_mul_add_mul(size_t, size_t, size_t, size_t);
-static inline void *ruby_sized_xrealloc_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size) RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2));
-static inline void *ruby_sized_xrealloc2_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t elemsiz, size_t old_count) RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2, 3));
-static inline void ruby_sized_xfree_inlined(void *ptr, size_t size);
+void rb_gc_obj_id_moved(VALUE obj);
+void rb_gc_register_pinning_obj(VALUE obj);
+rb_execution_context_t *rb_gc_get_ec(void);
 
 void *rb_gc_ractor_cache_alloc(rb_ractor_t *ractor);
 void rb_gc_ractor_cache_free(void *cache);
@@ -211,8 +210,8 @@ size_t rb_gc_heap_id_for_size(size_t size);
 
 void rb_gc_mark_and_move(VALUE *ptr);
 
-void rb_gc_mark_weak(VALUE *ptr);
-void rb_gc_remove_weak(VALUE parent_obj, VALUE *ptr);
+void rb_gc_declare_weak_references(VALUE obj);
+bool rb_gc_handle_weak_references_alive_p(VALUE obj);
 
 void rb_gc_ref_update_table_values_only(st_table *tbl);
 
@@ -247,87 +246,62 @@ VALUE rb_gc_disable_no_rest(void);
 
 /* gc.c (export) */
 const char *rb_objspace_data_type_name(VALUE obj);
-VALUE rb_wb_protected_newobj_of(struct rb_execution_context_struct *, VALUE, VALUE, size_t);
-VALUE rb_wb_unprotected_newobj_of(VALUE, VALUE, size_t);
+VALUE rb_newobj(struct rb_execution_context_struct *, VALUE, VALUE, uint32_t /* shape_id_t */, bool, size_t);
+VALUE rb_newobj_of(VALUE, VALUE, size_t);
+VALUE rb_ec_newobj_of(struct rb_execution_context_struct *, VALUE, VALUE, size_t);
 size_t rb_obj_memsize_of(VALUE);
 struct rb_gc_object_metadata_entry *rb_gc_object_metadata(VALUE obj);
 void rb_gc_mark_values(long n, const VALUE *values);
 void rb_gc_mark_vm_stack_values(long n, const VALUE *values);
 void rb_gc_update_values(long n, VALUE *values);
-void *ruby_sized_xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size) RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2));
-void *ruby_sized_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t element_size, size_t old_count) RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE((2, 3));
-void ruby_sized_xfree(void *x, size_t size);
+void rb_gc_mark_set_no_pin(st_table *);
+void rb_gc_update_set_refs(st_table *);
 
+#if USE_MODULAR_GC
 const char *rb_gc_active_gc_name(void);
 int rb_gc_modular_gc_loaded_p(void);
+#endif
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
-int rb_ec_stack_check(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec);
-void rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(VALUE obj);
-const char *rb_obj_info(VALUE obj);
-void ruby_annotate_mmap(const void *addr, unsigned long size, const char *name);
-
-#if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE) || defined(HAVE_MALLOC_SIZE) || defined(_WIN32)
-
-static inline void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
-{
-    return ruby_xrealloc(ptr, new_size);
-}
-
-static inline void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc2_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t elemsiz, size_t old_count)
-{
-    return ruby_xrealloc2(ptr, new_count, elemsiz);
-}
-
-static inline void
-ruby_sized_xfree_inlined(void *ptr, size_t size)
-{
-    ruby_xfree(ptr);
-}
-
-# define SIZED_REALLOC_N(x, y, z, w) REALLOC_N(x, y, z)
-
-static inline void *
-ruby_sized_realloc_n(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t element_size, size_t old_count)
+static inline VALUE
+rb_obj_atomic_write(
+    VALUE a, VALUE *slot, VALUE b,
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+    const char *filename,
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+    int line)
 {
-    return ruby_xrealloc2(ptr, new_count, element_size);
-}
-
-#else
+#ifdef RGENGC_LOGGING_WRITE
+    RGENGC_LOGGING_WRITE(a, slot, b, filename, line);
+#endif
 
-static inline void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_size, size_t old_size)
-{
-    return ruby_sized_xrealloc(ptr, new_size, old_size);
-}
+    RUBY_ATOMIC_VALUE_SET(*slot, b);
 
-static inline void *
-ruby_sized_xrealloc2_inlined(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t elemsiz, size_t old_count)
-{
-    return ruby_sized_xrealloc2(ptr, new_count, elemsiz, old_count);
+    rb_obj_written(a, RUBY_Qundef /* ignore `oldv' now */, b, filename, line);
+    return a;
 }
+#define RB_OBJ_ATOMIC_WRITE(old, slot, young) \
+    RBIMPL_CAST(rb_obj_atomic_write((VALUE)(old), (VALUE *)(slot), (VALUE)(young), __FILE__, __LINE__))
 
-static inline void
-ruby_sized_xfree_inlined(void *ptr, size_t size)
-{
-    ruby_sized_xfree(ptr, size);
-}
+int rb_ec_stack_check(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec);
+void rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(VALUE obj);
+const char *rb_obj_info(VALUE obj);
+void ruby_annotate_mmap(const void *addr, unsigned long size, const char *name);
 
 # define SIZED_REALLOC_N(v, T, m, n) \
-    ((v) = (T *)ruby_sized_xrealloc2((void *)(v), (m), sizeof(T), (n)))
+    ((v) = (T *)ruby_xrealloc2_sized((void *)(v), (m), sizeof(T), (n)))
+
+# define SIZED_FREE(v) ruby_xfree_sized((void *)(v), sizeof(*(v)))
+# define SIZED_FREE_N(v, n) ruby_xfree_sized((void *)(v), sizeof(*(v)) * (n))
 
 static inline void *
 ruby_sized_realloc_n(void *ptr, size_t new_count, size_t element_size, size_t old_count)
 {
-    return ruby_sized_xrealloc2(ptr, new_count, element_size, old_count);
+    return ruby_xrealloc2_sized(ptr, new_count, element_size, old_count);
 }
 
-#endif /* HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE */
+void rb_gc_verify_shareable(VALUE);
+bool rb_gc_checking_shareable(void);
 
-#define ruby_sized_xrealloc ruby_sized_xrealloc_inlined
-#define ruby_sized_xrealloc2 ruby_sized_xrealloc2_inlined
-#define ruby_sized_xfree ruby_sized_xfree_inlined
 #endif /* INTERNAL_GC_H */
diff --git a/internal/hash.h b/internal/hash.h
index 676f140496..0386a5009c 100644
--- a/internal/hash.h
+++ b/internal/hash.h
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ struct RHash {
 #endif
 
 /* hash.c */
-void rb_hash_st_table_set(VALUE hash, st_table *st);
 VALUE rb_hash_default_value(VALUE hash, VALUE key);
+VALUE rb_hash_set_default(VALUE hash, VALUE ifnone);
 VALUE rb_hash_set_default_proc(VALUE hash, VALUE proc);
 long rb_dbl_long_hash(double d);
 st_table *rb_init_identtable(void);
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ int rb_hash_stlike_delete(VALUE hash, st_data_t *pkey, st_data_t *pval);
 int rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg);
 int rb_hash_stlike_update(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_update_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg);
 bool rb_hash_default_unredefined(VALUE hash);
+VALUE rb_hash_alloc_fixed_size(VALUE klass, st_index_t size);
 VALUE rb_ident_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size);
 void rb_hash_free(VALUE hash);
 RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_cHash_empty_frozen;
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ int rb_hash_stlike_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_callback_func *func, st_data_t
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 VALUE rb_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size);
+VALUE rb_hash_new_with_bulk_insert(long argc, const VALUE *argv);
 VALUE rb_hash_resurrect(VALUE hash);
 int rb_hash_stlike_lookup(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t *pval);
 VALUE rb_hash_keys(VALUE hash);
@@ -190,4 +192,19 @@ RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_RAW(VALUE h)
     return (unsigned)ret;
 }
 
+#define RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h) \
+  ((unsigned int)((RBASIC(h)->flags >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT) & \
+                  (RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT)))
+
+#define RHASH_TYPE(hash) (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash) ? &objhash : RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type)
+
+static inline unsigned int
+RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(VALUE h)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
+    const unsigned int bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(bound <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
+    return bound;
+}
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_HASH_H */
diff --git a/internal/imemo.h b/internal/imemo.h
index a28ad92f7b..e8a5f0fc8e 100644
--- a/internal/imemo.h
+++ b/internal/imemo.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 #include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 #include <stddef.h>             /* for size_t */
+#include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal/array.h"     /* for rb_ary_hidden_new_fill */
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for rb_block_call_func_t */
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
 #define IMEMO_FL_USER3 FL_USER7
 #define IMEMO_FL_USER4 FL_USER8
 #define IMEMO_FL_USER5 FL_USER9
+#define IMEMO_FL_USER6 FL_USER10
 
 enum imemo_type {
     imemo_env            =  0,
@@ -35,11 +37,13 @@ enum imemo_type {
     imemo_ment           =  6,
     imemo_iseq           =  7,
     imemo_tmpbuf         =  8,
-    imemo_ast            =  9, // Obsolete due to the universal parser
-    imemo_parser_strterm = 10,
-    imemo_callinfo       = 11,
-    imemo_callcache      = 12,
-    imemo_constcache     = 13,
+    imemo_cvar_entry     =  9,
+    imemo_callinfo       = 10,
+    imemo_callcache      = 11,
+    imemo_constcache     = 12,
+    imemo_fields         = 13,
+    imemo_subclasses     = 14,
+    imemo_cdhash         = 15,
 };
 
 /* CREF (Class REFerence) is defined in method.h */
@@ -56,7 +60,6 @@ struct vm_svar {
 /*! THROW_DATA */
 struct vm_throw_data {
     VALUE flags;
-    VALUE reserved;
     const VALUE throw_obj;
     const struct rb_control_frame_struct *catch_frame;
     int throw_state;
@@ -92,30 +95,36 @@ struct vm_ifunc {
 
 struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_struct {
     VALUE flags;
-    VALUE reserved;
     VALUE *ptr; /* malloc'ed buffer */
-    struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_struct *next; /* next imemo */
-    size_t cnt; /* buffer size in VALUE */
+    size_t size; /* buffer size in bytes */
 };
 
+struct rb_imemo_cdhash {
+    VALUE flags;
+    st_table tbl;
+};
+
+/* Set on imemo_memo when u3 holds a VALUE that GC must mark.
+ * When unset, u3 is a non-VALUE (cnt/state). */
+#define MEMO_U3_IS_VALUE IMEMO_FL_USER0
+
 /*! MEMO
  *
  * @see imemo_type
  * */
 struct MEMO {
     VALUE flags;
-    VALUE reserved;
     const VALUE v1;
     const VALUE v2;
     union {
         long cnt;
         long state;
         const VALUE value;
-        void (*func)(void);
     } u3;
 };
 
-#define IMEMO_NEW(T, type, v0) ((T *)rb_imemo_new((type), (v0), sizeof(T)))
+#define IMEMO_NEW(T, type, v0) ((T *)rb_imemo_new((type), (v0), sizeof(T), false))
+#define SHAREABLE_IMEMO_NEW(T, type, v0) ((T *)rb_imemo_new((type), (v0), sizeof(T), true))
 
 /* ment is in method.h */
 
@@ -132,41 +141,27 @@ struct MEMO {
 #ifndef RUBY_RUBYPARSER_H
 typedef struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_struct rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t;
 #endif
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *rb_imemo_tmpbuf_parser_heap(void *buf, rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *old_heap, size_t cnt);
+VALUE rb_imemo_new(enum imemo_type type, VALUE v0, size_t size, bool is_shareable);
+VALUE rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new(void);
+struct MEMO *rb_imemo_memo_new(VALUE a, VALUE b, long c);
+struct MEMO *rb_imemo_memo_new_value(VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c);
 struct vm_ifunc *rb_vm_ifunc_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, const void *data, int min_argc, int max_argc);
 static inline enum imemo_type imemo_type(VALUE imemo);
 static inline int imemo_type_p(VALUE imemo, enum imemo_type imemo_type);
 static inline bool imemo_throw_data_p(VALUE imemo);
 static inline struct vm_ifunc *rb_vm_ifunc_proc_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, const void *data);
-static inline VALUE rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer(void);
 static inline void *RB_IMEMO_TMPBUF_PTR(VALUE v);
-static inline void *rb_imemo_tmpbuf_set_ptr(VALUE v, void *ptr);
-static inline VALUE rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer_new_from_an_RString(VALUE str);
 static inline void MEMO_V1_SET(struct MEMO *m, VALUE v);
 static inline void MEMO_V2_SET(struct MEMO *m, VALUE v);
 
 size_t rb_imemo_memsize(VALUE obj);
-void rb_cc_table_mark(VALUE klass);
 void rb_imemo_mark_and_move(VALUE obj, bool reference_updating);
-void rb_cc_table_free(VALUE klass);
 void rb_imemo_free(VALUE obj);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
-VALUE rb_imemo_new(enum imemo_type type, VALUE v0, size_t size);
 const char *rb_imemo_name(enum imemo_type type);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
-static inline struct MEMO *
-MEMO_NEW(VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c)
-{
-    struct MEMO *memo = IMEMO_NEW(struct MEMO, imemo_memo, 0);
-    *((VALUE *)&memo->v1) = a;
-    *((VALUE *)&memo->v2) = b;
-    *((VALUE *)&memo->u3.value) = c;
-
-    return memo;
-}
-
 static inline enum imemo_type
 imemo_type(VALUE imemo)
 {
@@ -202,12 +197,6 @@ rb_vm_ifunc_proc_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, const void *data)
     return rb_vm_ifunc_new(func, data, 0, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer(void)
-{
-    return rb_imemo_new(imemo_tmpbuf, 0, sizeof(rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t));
-}
-
 static inline void *
 RB_IMEMO_TMPBUF_PTR(VALUE v)
 {
@@ -215,30 +204,16 @@ RB_IMEMO_TMPBUF_PTR(VALUE v)
     return p->ptr;
 }
 
-static inline void *
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_set_ptr(VALUE v, void *ptr)
-{
-    return ((rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)v)->ptr = ptr;
-}
-
 static inline VALUE
-rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer_new_from_an_RString(VALUE str)
+rb_imemo_tmpbuf_new_from_an_RString(VALUE str)
 {
-    const void *src;
     VALUE imemo;
-    rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *tmpbuf;
-    void *dst;
     size_t len;
 
     StringValue(str);
-    /* create tmpbuf to keep the pointer before xmalloc */
-    imemo = rb_imemo_tmpbuf_auto_free_pointer();
-    tmpbuf = (rb_imemo_tmpbuf_t *)imemo;
     len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-    src = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    dst = ruby_xmalloc(len);
-    memcpy(dst, src, len);
-    tmpbuf->ptr = dst;
+    rb_alloc_tmp_buffer(&imemo, len);
+    memcpy(RB_IMEMO_TMPBUF_PTR(imemo), RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
     return imemo;
 }
 
@@ -254,4 +229,108 @@ MEMO_V2_SET(struct MEMO *m, VALUE v)
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(m, &m->v2, v);
 }
 
+VALUE rb_imemo_cdhash_new(size_t size, const struct st_hash_type *type);
+
+static inline st_table *
+rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(VALUE obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(obj, imemo_cdhash));
+    return &((struct rb_imemo_cdhash *)obj)->tbl;
+}
+
+struct rb_fields {
+    struct RBasic basic;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            VALUE fields[1];
+        } embed;
+        struct {
+            VALUE *ptr;
+        } external;
+        struct {
+            // Note: the st_table could be embedded, but complex T_CLASS should be rare to
+            // non-existent, so not really worth the trouble.
+            st_table *table;
+        } complex;
+    } as;
+};
+
+// IMEMO/fields and T_OBJECT have exactly the same layout.
+// This is useful for JIT and common codepaths.
+#define OBJ_FIELD_HEAP ROBJECT_HEAP
+STATIC_ASSERT(imemo_fields_flags, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP == IMEMO_FL_USER0);
+STATIC_ASSERT(imemo_fields_embed_offset, offsetof(struct RObject, as.ary) == offsetof(struct rb_fields, as.embed.fields));
+STATIC_ASSERT(imemo_fields_external_offset, offsetof(struct RObject, as.heap.fields) == offsetof(struct rb_fields, as.external.ptr));
+STATIC_ASSERT(imemo_fields_complex_offset, offsetof(struct RObject, as.heap.fields) == offsetof(struct rb_fields, as.complex.table));
+
+#define IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields) ((struct rb_fields *)fields)
+
+#define IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP IMEMO_FL_USER0
+
+struct rb_subclasses {
+    VALUE flags;
+    uint32_t count;
+    uint32_t capacity;
+    union {
+        VALUE *external;
+        VALUE embed[1];
+    } as;
+};
+
+static inline VALUE *
+rb_imemo_subclasses_entries(VALUE v)
+{
+    struct rb_subclasses *s = (struct rb_subclasses *)v;
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(v, IMEMO_SUBCLASSES_HEAP) ? s->as.external : s->as.embed;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_imemo_fields_new(VALUE owner, /* shape_id_t */ uint32_t shape_id, bool shareable);
+VALUE rb_imemo_subclasses_new(uint32_t capacity);
+VALUE rb_imemo_fields_new_complex(VALUE owner, /* shape_id_t */ uint32_t shape_id, size_t capa, bool shareable);
+VALUE rb_imemo_fields_new_complex_tbl(VALUE owner, /* shape_id_t */ uint32_t shape_id, st_table *tbl, bool shareable);
+VALUE rb_imemo_fields_clone(VALUE fields_obj);
+void rb_imemo_fields_clear(VALUE fields_obj);
+
+static inline VALUE
+rb_imemo_fields_owner(VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(fields_obj, imemo_fields));
+
+    return CLASS_OF(fields_obj);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE *
+rb_imemo_fields_ptr(VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    if (!fields_obj) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(fields_obj, imemo_fields) || RB_TYPE_P(fields_obj, T_OBJECT));
+
+    if (UNLIKELY(FL_TEST_RAW(fields_obj, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP))) {
+        return IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields_obj)->as.external.ptr;
+    }
+    else {
+        return IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields_obj)->as.embed.fields;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline st_table *
+rb_imemo_fields_complex_tbl(VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    if (!fields_obj) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    RUBY_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(fields_obj, imemo_fields) || RB_TYPE_P(fields_obj, T_OBJECT));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FL_TEST_RAW(fields_obj, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP));
+
+    // Some codepaths unconditionally access the fields_ptr, and assume it can be used as st_table if the
+    // shape is complex.
+    RUBY_ASSERT((st_table *)rb_imemo_fields_ptr(fields_obj) == IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields_obj)->as.complex.table);
+
+    return IMEMO_OBJ_FIELDS(fields_obj)->as.complex.table;
+}
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_IMEMO_H */
diff --git a/internal/inits.h b/internal/inits.h
index 03de289dd4..be73dac1dc 100644
--- a/internal/inits.h
+++ b/internal/inits.h
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
  * @brief      Internal header aggregating init functions.
  */
 
+/* box.c */
+void Init_enable_box(void);
+void Init_master_box(void);
+
 /* class.c */
 void Init_class_hierarchy(void);
 
diff --git a/internal/io.h b/internal/io.h
index b4efa174a1..2110f0b087 100644
--- a/internal/io.h
+++ b/internal/io.h
@@ -14,10 +14,21 @@
 struct rb_io;
 
 #include "ruby/io.h"            /* for rb_io_t */
+#include "ccan/list/list.h"
+#include "serial.h"
 
 #define IO_WITHOUT_GVL(func, arg) rb_nogvl(func, arg, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0, RB_NOGVL_OFFLOAD_SAFE)
 #define IO_WITHOUT_GVL_INT(func, arg) (int)(VALUE)IO_WITHOUT_GVL(func, arg)
 
+// Represents an in-flight blocking operation:
+struct rb_io_blocking_operation {
+    // The linked list data structure.
+    struct ccan_list_node list;
+
+    // The execution context of the blocking operation.
+    struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec;
+};
+
 /** Ruby's IO, metadata and buffers. */
 struct rb_io {
 
@@ -31,7 +42,7 @@ struct rb_io {
     int fd;
 
     /** mode flags: FMODE_XXXs */
-    int mode;
+    enum rb_io_mode mode;
 
     /** child's pid (for pipes) */
     rb_pid_t pid;
@@ -111,6 +122,18 @@ struct rb_io {
      * The timeout associated with this IO when performing blocking operations.
      */
     VALUE timeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Threads that are performing a blocking operation without the GVL using
+     * this IO. On calling IO#close, these threads will be interrupted so that
+     * the operation can be cancelled.
+     */
+    struct ccan_list_head blocking_operations;
+    struct rb_execution_context_struct *closing_ec;
+    VALUE wakeup_mutex;
+
+    // The fork generation of the blocking operations list.
+    rb_serial_t fork_generation;
 };
 
 /* io.c */
@@ -119,17 +142,15 @@ void rb_stdio_set_default_encoding(void);
 VALUE rb_io_flush_raw(VALUE, int);
 size_t rb_io_memsize(const rb_io_t *);
 int rb_stderr_tty_p(void);
-void rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal(void *ptr);
-#ifdef rb_io_fptr_finalize
-# undef rb_io_fptr_finalize
-#endif
-#define rb_io_fptr_finalize rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal
 VALUE rb_io_popen(VALUE pname, VALUE pmode, VALUE env, VALUE opt);
 
 VALUE rb_io_prep_stdin(void);
 VALUE rb_io_prep_stdout(void);
 VALUE rb_io_prep_stderr(void);
 
+int rb_io_notify_close(struct rb_io *fptr);
+bool rb_io_fptr_finalize_closed(struct rb_io *fptr);
+
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* io.c (export) */
 void rb_maygvl_fd_fix_cloexec(int fd);
diff --git a/internal/load.h b/internal/load.h
index d4c0bb91ba..6cffe0ce64 100644
--- a/internal/load.h
+++ b/internal/load.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 /* load.c */
 VALUE rb_get_expanded_load_path(void);
+VALUE rb_load_entrypoint(VALUE fname, VALUE wrap);
+VALUE rb_require_relative_entrypoint(VALUE fname);
 int rb_require_internal(VALUE fname);
 NORETURN(void rb_load_fail(VALUE, const char*));
 
diff --git a/internal/numeric.h b/internal/numeric.h
index 6406cfc2fa..a24432df1e 100644
--- a/internal/numeric.h
+++ b/internal/numeric.h
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
  */
 #include "internal/bignum.h"    /* for BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P */
 #include "internal/bits.h"      /* for RUBY_BIT_ROTL */
+#include "internal/compar.h"    /* for rb_cmperr_reason */
 #include "internal/fixnum.h"    /* for FIXNUM_POSITIVE_P */
 #include "internal/vm.h"        /* for rb_method_basic_definition_p */
-#include "ruby/intern.h"        /* for rb_cmperr */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for USE_FLONUM */
 
 #define ROUND_TO(mode, even, up, down) \
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ VALUE rb_float_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_div(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_flo_to_i(VALUE num);
 VALUE rb_int_idiv(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int2str(VALUE num, int base);
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ VALUE rb_int_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 enum ruby_num_rounding_mode rb_num_get_rounding_option(VALUE opts);
+VALUE rb_int_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 double rb_int_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y);
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ VALUE rb_int_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_and(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_int_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_lshift(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_rshift(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_div(VALUE x, VALUE y);
@@ -126,6 +129,54 @@ VALUE rb_int_bit_length(VALUE num);
 VALUE rb_int_uminus(VALUE num);
 VALUE rb_int_comp(VALUE num);
 
+// Unified 128-bit integer structures that work with or without native support:
+union rb_uint128 {
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+    struct {
+        uint64_t high;
+        uint64_t low;
+    } parts;
+#else
+    struct {
+        uint64_t low;
+        uint64_t high;
+    } parts;
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+    uint128_t value;
+#endif
+};
+typedef union rb_uint128 rb_uint128_t;
+
+union rb_int128 {
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+    struct {
+        uint64_t high;
+        uint64_t low;
+    } parts;
+#else
+    struct {
+        uint64_t low;
+        uint64_t high;
+    } parts;
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+    int128_t value;
+#endif
+};
+typedef union rb_int128 rb_int128_t;
+
+union uint128_int128_conversion {
+    rb_uint128_t uint128;
+    rb_int128_t int128;
+};
+
+// Conversion functions for 128-bit integers:
+rb_uint128_t rb_numeric_to_uint128(VALUE x);
+rb_int128_t rb_numeric_to_int128(VALUE x);
+VALUE rb_uint128_to_numeric(rb_uint128_t n);
+VALUE rb_int128_to_numeric(rb_int128_t n);
+
 static inline bool
 INT_POSITIVE_P(VALUE num)
 {
@@ -160,7 +211,7 @@ rb_num_compare_with_zero(VALUE num, ID mid)
     VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
     VALUE r = rb_check_funcall(num, mid, 1, &zero);
     if (RB_UNDEF_P(r)) {
-        rb_cmperr(num, zero);
+        rb_cmperr_reason(num, zero, "unable to compare with zero");
     }
     return r;
 }
diff --git a/internal/object.h b/internal/object.h
index 92ad37fdc8..99aa1f524b 100644
--- a/internal/object.h
+++ b/internal/object.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
 
 /* object.c */
-size_t rb_obj_embedded_size(uint32_t numiv);
+
 VALUE rb_class_allocate_instance(VALUE klass);
 VALUE rb_class_search_ancestor(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
 NORETURN(void rb_undefined_alloc(VALUE klass));
@@ -60,4 +60,13 @@ RBASIC_SET_CLASS(VALUE obj, VALUE klass)
     RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(obj, klass);
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(obj, oldv, klass);
 }
+
+static inline size_t
+rb_obj_embedded_size(uint32_t fields_count)
+{
+    size_t size = offsetof(struct RObject, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * fields_count);
+    // Ensure enough room for the heap pointer if this expands
+    if (size < sizeof(struct RObject)) size = sizeof(struct RObject);
+    return size;
+}
 #endif /* INTERNAL_OBJECT_H */
diff --git a/internal/range.h b/internal/range.h
index 2394937bf8..80493ce13e 100644
--- a/internal/range.h
+++ b/internal/range.h
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ static inline VALUE RANGE_EXCL(VALUE r);
 static inline VALUE
 RANGE_BEG(VALUE r)
 {
-    return RSTRUCT(r)->as.ary[0];
+    return RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(r, 0);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
 RANGE_END(VALUE r)
 {
-    return RSTRUCT_GET(r, 1);
+    return RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(r, 1);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
 RANGE_EXCL(VALUE r)
 {
-    return RSTRUCT_GET(r, 2);
+    return RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(r, 2);
 }
 
 VALUE
diff --git a/internal/rational.h b/internal/rational.h
index f11fab4583..6861a90130 100644
--- a/internal/rational.h
+++ b/internal/rational.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ VALUE rb_rational_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_div(VALUE self, VALUE other);
+VALUE rb_rational_fdiv(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_lcm(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_rational_reciprocal(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_cstr_to_rat(const char *, int);
@@ -37,7 +38,9 @@ VALUE rb_rational_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_floor(VALUE self, int ndigits);
 VALUE rb_numeric_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y);
-VALUE rb_flo_round_by_rational(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num);
+VALUE rb_flo_round_by_rational(VALUE num, int ndigits, enum ruby_num_rounding_mode mode);
+VALUE rb_flo_ceil_by_rational(VALUE num, int ndigits);
+VALUE rb_flo_floor_by_rational(VALUE num, int ndigits);
 VALUE rb_float_numerator(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_float_denominator(VALUE x);
 
@@ -68,4 +71,22 @@ RATIONAL_SET_DEN(VALUE r, VALUE d)
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(r, &RRATIONAL(r)->den, d);
 }
 
+inline static bool
+f_zero_p(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
+    }
+    return rb_equal(x, INT2FIX(0)) != 0;
+}
+
+#define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_RATIONAL_H */
diff --git a/internal/re.h b/internal/re.h
index 2788f8b42a..6c0aee6d06 100644
--- a/internal/re.h
+++ b/internal/re.h
@@ -10,19 +10,70 @@
  */
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
+#include "ruby/re.h"            /* for struct RMatch and struct re_registers */
+
+#define RMATCH_ONIG FL_USER1
+#define RMATCH_OFFSETS_EXTERNAL FL_USER2
+
+static inline OnigPosition *
+RMATCH_BEG_PTR(VALUE match)
+{
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW(match, RMATCH_ONIG)) {
+        return RMATCH(match)->as.onig.beg;
+    }
+    else {
+        return &RMATCH(match)->as.embed[0];
+    }
+}
+
+static inline OnigPosition *
+RMATCH_END_PTR(VALUE match)
+{
+    if (FL_TEST_RAW(match, RMATCH_ONIG)) {
+        return RMATCH(match)->as.onig.end;
+    }
+    else {
+        return &RMATCH(match)->as.embed[RMATCH(match)->num_regs];
+    }
+}
+
+static inline long
+RMATCH_BEG(VALUE match, int i)
+{
+    return RMATCH_BEG_PTR(match)[i];
+}
+
+static inline long
+RMATCH_END(VALUE match, int i)
+{
+    return RMATCH_END_PTR(match)[i];
+}
+
+static inline int
+RMATCH_NREGS(VALUE match)
+{
+    return RMATCH(match)->num_regs;
+}
 
 /* re.c */
+VALUE rb_reg_s_alloc(VALUE klass);
 VALUE rb_reg_compile(VALUE str, int options, const char *sourcefile, int sourceline);
 VALUE rb_reg_check_preprocess(VALUE);
 long rb_reg_search0(VALUE, VALUE, long, int, int, VALUE *);
 VALUE rb_reg_match_p(VALUE re, VALUE str, long pos);
+VALUE rb_reg_regsub_match(VALUE str, VALUE src, VALUE match);
 bool rb_reg_start_with_p(VALUE re, VALUE str);
 VALUE rb_reg_hash(VALUE re);
 VALUE rb_reg_equal(VALUE re1, VALUE re2);
 VALUE rb_backref_set_string(VALUE string, long pos, long len);
 void rb_match_unbusy(VALUE);
 int rb_match_count(VALUE match);
-VALUE rb_reg_new_ary(VALUE ary, int options);
+VALUE rb_reg_new_from_values(long cnt, const VALUE *elements, int opt);
 VALUE rb_reg_last_defined(VALUE match);
 
+#define ARG_REG_OPTION_MASK \
+    (ONIG_OPTION_IGNORECASE|ONIG_OPTION_MULTILINE|ONIG_OPTION_EXTEND)
+#define ARG_ENCODING_FIXED    16
+#define ARG_ENCODING_NONE     32
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_RE_H */
diff --git a/internal/sanitizers.h b/internal/sanitizers.h
index 6a9f80bcc9..feafb4e616 100644
--- a/internal/sanitizers.h
+++ b/internal/sanitizers.h
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SANITIZER_TSAN_INTERFACE_H
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer) || defined(__SANITIZE_THREAD__)
+#  define RUBY_TSAN_ENABLED
+#  include <sanitizer/tsan_interface.h>
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
 
@@ -42,6 +49,9 @@
 #elif defined(RUBY_MSAN_ENABLED)
     # define ATTRIBUTE_NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS(x) \
     __attribute__((__no_sanitize__("memory"), __noinline__)) x
+#elif defined(RUBY_TSAN_ENABLED)
+# define ATTRIBUTE_NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS(x) \
+    __attribute__((__no_sanitize__("thread"), __noinline__)) x
 #elif defined(NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS)
 # define ATTRIBUTE_NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS(x) \
     NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS(NOINLINE(x))
@@ -127,6 +137,7 @@ asan_poison_memory_region(const volatile void *ptr, size_t size)
 #define asan_poison_object_if(ptr, obj) ((void)(ptr), (void)(obj))
 #endif
 
+#ifdef RUBY_ASAN_ENABLED
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /**
  * This is a variant of asan_poison_memory_region that takes a VALUE.
@@ -153,6 +164,11 @@ void *rb_asan_poisoned_object_p(VALUE obj);
 void rb_asan_unpoison_object(VALUE obj, bool newobj_p);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+#else
+# define rb_asan_poison_object(obj) ((void)obj)
+# define rb_asan_poisoned_object_p(obj) ((void)obj, NULL)
+# define rb_asan_unpoison_object(obj, newobj_p) ((void)obj, (void)newobj_p)
+#endif
 
 /**
  * This function asserts that a (formally poisoned) memory region from ptr to
@@ -314,5 +330,17 @@ asan_get_fake_stack_extents(void *thread_fake_stack_handle, VALUE slot,
     return false;
 }
 
+extern const char ruby_asan_default_options[];
+
+#ifdef RUBY_ASAN_ENABLED
+/* Compile in the ASAN options Ruby needs, rather than relying on environment variables, so
+ * that even tests which fork ruby with a clean environment will run ASAN with the right
+ * settings */
+# undef RUBY__ASAN_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+# define RUBY__ASAN_DEFAULT_OPTIONS \
+    RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN() \
+    const char * __asan_default_options(void) {return ruby_asan_default_options;} \
+    RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
+#endif
 
 #endif /* INTERNAL_SANITIZERS_H */
diff --git a/internal/set_table.h b/internal/set_table.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3876a8935e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/set_table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#ifndef INTERNAL_SET_TABLE_H
+#define INTERNAL_SET_TABLE_H
+
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+
+struct set_table_entry;
+
+typedef struct set_table_entry set_table_entry;
+
+struct set_table {
+    /* Cached features of the table -- see st.c for more details.  */
+    unsigned char entry_power, bin_power, size_ind;
+    /* How many times the table was rebuilt.  */
+    unsigned int rebuilds_num;
+    const struct st_hash_type *type;
+    /* Number of entries currently in the table.  */
+    st_index_t num_entries;
+
+    /* Start and bound index of entries in array entries.
+       entries_starts and entries_bound are in interval
+       [0,allocated_entries].  */
+    st_index_t entries_start, entries_bound;
+
+    /**
+     * Array of size 2^entry_power.
+     * Followed by st_index_t *bins, Array of bins used for access by keys.
+     */
+    set_table_entry *entries;
+};
+
+typedef struct set_table set_table;
+
+typedef int set_foreach_callback_func(st_data_t, st_data_t);
+typedef int set_foreach_check_callback_func(st_data_t, st_data_t, int);
+typedef int set_update_callback_func(st_data_t *key, st_data_t arg, int existing);
+
+#define set_table_size rb_set_table_size
+size_t rb_set_table_size(const struct set_table *tbl);
+#define set_init_table_with_size rb_set_init_table_with_size
+set_table *rb_set_init_table_with_size(set_table *tab, const struct st_hash_type *, st_index_t);
+#define set_init_numtable rb_set_init_numtable
+set_table *rb_set_init_numtable(void);
+#define set_init_numtable_with_size rb_set_init_numtable_with_size
+set_table *rb_set_init_numtable_with_size(st_index_t size);
+#define set_init_embedded_numtable_with_size rb_set_init_embedded_numtable_with_size
+set_table *rb_set_init_embedded_numtable_with_size(struct set_table *tbl, st_index_t size);
+#define set_table_delete rb_set_table_delete
+int rb_set_table_delete(set_table *, st_data_t *); /* returns 0:notfound 1:deleted */
+#define set_insert rb_set_insert
+int rb_set_insert(set_table *, st_data_t);
+#define set_table_lookup rb_set_table_lookup
+int rb_set_table_lookup(set_table *, st_data_t);
+#define set_foreach_with_replace rb_set_foreach_with_replace
+int rb_set_foreach_with_replace(set_table *tab, set_foreach_check_callback_func *func, set_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg);
+#define set_table_foreach rb_set_table_foreach
+int rb_set_table_foreach(set_table *, set_foreach_callback_func *, st_data_t);
+#define set_foreach_check rb_set_foreach_check
+int rb_set_foreach_check(set_table *, set_foreach_check_callback_func *, st_data_t, st_data_t);
+#define set_keys rb_set_keys
+st_index_t rb_set_keys(set_table *table, st_data_t *keys, st_index_t size);
+#define set_free_table rb_set_free_table
+void rb_set_free_table(set_table *);
+#define set_free_embedded_table rb_set_free_embedded_table
+void set_free_embedded_table(set_table *tab);
+#define set_table_clear rb_set_table_clear
+void rb_set_table_clear(set_table *);
+#define set_copy rb_set_copy
+set_table *rb_set_copy(set_table *new_table, set_table *old_table);
+#define set_memsize rb_set_memsize
+PUREFUNC(size_t rb_set_memsize(const set_table *));
+#define set_compact_table rb_set_compact_table
+void set_compact_table(set_table *tab);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/internal/signal.h b/internal/signal.h
index 2363bf412c..904747e226 100644
--- a/internal/signal.h
+++ b/internal/signal.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ void (*ruby_posix_signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* signal.c (export) */
+void rb_signal_atfork(void);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 #endif /* INTERNAL_SIGNAL_H */
diff --git a/internal/st.h b/internal/st.h
index a26b224505..14dcb25511 100644
--- a/internal/st.h
+++ b/internal/st.h
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 #ifndef INTERNAL_ST_H
 #define INTERNAL_ST_H
 
-#include "include/ruby/st.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
 
 st_table *rb_st_replace(st_table *new_tab, st_table *old_tab);
 #define st_replace rb_st_replace
 st_table *rb_st_init_existing_table_with_size(st_table *tab, const struct st_hash_type *type, st_index_t size);
 #define st_init_existing_table_with_size rb_st_init_existing_table_with_size
 
+st_table *rb_st_init_existing_numtable_with_size(st_table *tab, st_index_t size);
+#define st_init_existing_numtable_with_size rb_st_init_existing_numtable_with_size
+
+st_table *rb_st_init_existing_strtable_with_size(st_table *tab, st_index_t size);
+#define st_init_existing_strtable_with_size rb_st_init_existing_strtable_with_size
+
+void rb_st_free_embedded_table(st_table *tab);
+#define st_free_embedded_table rb_st_free_embedded_table
+
 #endif
diff --git a/internal/string.h b/internal/string.h
index 87cefa13d5..94a46a9657 100644
--- a/internal/string.h
+++ b/internal/string.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"      /* for rb_encoding */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
+#include "encindex.h"
 
 #define STR_SHARED                  FL_USER0 /* = ELTS_SHARED */
 #define STR_NOEMBED                 FL_USER1
@@ -29,7 +30,41 @@ enum ruby_rstring_private_flags {
 # undef rb_fstring_cstr
 #endif
 
+static inline bool
+rb_str_encindex_fastpath(int encindex)
+{
+    // The overwhelming majority of strings are in one of these 3 encodings,
+    // which are all either ASCII or perfect ASCII supersets.
+    // Hence you can use fast, single byte algorithms on them, such as `memchr` etc,
+    // without all the overhead of fetching the rb_encoding and using functions such as
+    // rb_enc_mbminlen etc.
+    // Many other encodings could qualify, but they are expected to be rare occurrences,
+    // so it's better to keep that list small.
+    switch (encindex) {
+      case ENCINDEX_ASCII_8BIT:
+      case ENCINDEX_UTF_8:
+      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline bool
+rb_str_enc_fastpath(VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_str_encindex_fastpath(ENCODING_GET_INLINED(str));
+}
+
+static inline rb_encoding *
+rb_str_enc_get(VALUE str)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(str, T_STRING));
+    return rb_enc_from_index(ENCODING_GET(str));
+}
+
 /* string.c */
+VALUE rb_str_dup_m(VALUE str);
 VALUE rb_fstring(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_fstring_cstr(const char *str);
 VALUE rb_fstring_enc_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
@@ -61,6 +96,9 @@ size_t rb_str_size_as_embedded(VALUE);
 bool rb_str_reembeddable_p(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_str_upto_endless_each(VALUE, int (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE);
 VALUE rb_str_with_debug_created_info(VALUE, VALUE, int);
+VALUE rb_str_frozen_bare_string(VALUE);
+const char *rb_str_null_check(VALUE);
+VALUE rb_str_casecmp(VALUE str1, VALUE str2);
 
 /* error.c */
 void rb_warn_unchilled_literal(VALUE str);
@@ -82,6 +120,9 @@ VALUE rb_setup_fake_str(struct RString *fake_str, const char *name, long len, rb
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 VALUE rb_fstring_new(const char *ptr, long len);
+void rb_gc_free_fstring(VALUE obj);
+bool rb_obj_is_fstring_table(VALUE obj);
+void Init_fstring_table();
 VALUE rb_obj_as_string_result(VALUE str, VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_str_opt_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_str_concat_literals(size_t num, const VALUE *strary);
diff --git a/internal/struct.h b/internal/struct.h
index a8c773b730..d3c8157393 100644
--- a/internal/struct.h
+++ b/internal/struct.h
@@ -11,10 +11,23 @@
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for struct RBasic */
 
+/* Flags of RStruct
+ *
+ * 1-7: RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN
+ *          If non-zero, the struct is embedded (its contents follow the
+ *          header, rather than being on a separately allocated buffer) and
+ *          these bits are the length of the Struct.
+ * 8:   RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS
+ *          The struct is embedded and has no space left to store the
+ *          IMEMO/fields reference. Any ivar this struct may have will be in
+ *          the generic_fields_tbl. This flag doesn't imply the struct has
+ *          ivars.
+ */
 enum {
     RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_MASK = RUBY_FL_USER7 | RUBY_FL_USER6 | RUBY_FL_USER5 | RUBY_FL_USER4 |
                                  RUBY_FL_USER3 | RUBY_FL_USER2 | RUBY_FL_USER1,
     RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT = (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+1),
+    RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS = RUBY_FL_USER8,
 };
 
 struct RStruct {
@@ -23,6 +36,7 @@ struct RStruct {
         struct {
             long len;
             const VALUE *ptr;
+            VALUE fields_obj;
         } heap;
         /* This is a length 1 array because:
          *   1. GCC has a bug that does not optimize C flexible array members
@@ -35,36 +49,16 @@ struct RStruct {
 
 #define RSTRUCT(obj) ((struct RStruct *)(obj))
 
-#ifdef RSTRUCT_LEN
-# undef RSTRUCT_LEN
-#endif
-
-#ifdef RSTRUCT_PTR
-# undef RSTRUCT_PTR
-#endif
-
-#ifdef RSTRUCT_SET
-# undef RSTRUCT_SET
-#endif
-
-#ifdef RSTRUCT_GET
-# undef RSTRUCT_GET
-#endif
-
-#define RSTRUCT_LEN internal_RSTRUCT_LEN
-#define RSTRUCT_SET internal_RSTRUCT_SET
-#define RSTRUCT_GET internal_RSTRUCT_GET
-
 /* struct.c */
 VALUE rb_struct_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE s);
 VALUE rb_struct_lookup(VALUE s, VALUE idx);
 VALUE rb_struct_s_keyword_init(VALUE klass);
 static inline long RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(VALUE st);
-static inline long RSTRUCT_LEN(VALUE st);
+static inline long RSTRUCT_LEN_RAW(VALUE st);
 static inline int RSTRUCT_LENINT(VALUE st);
 static inline const VALUE *RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(VALUE st);
-static inline void RSTRUCT_SET(VALUE st, long k, VALUE v);
-static inline VALUE RSTRUCT_GET(VALUE st, long k);
+static inline void RSTRUCT_SET_RAW(VALUE st, long k, VALUE v);
+static inline VALUE RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(VALUE st, long k);
 
 static inline long
 RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(VALUE st)
@@ -75,7 +69,7 @@ RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(VALUE st)
 }
 
 static inline long
-RSTRUCT_LEN(VALUE st)
+RSTRUCT_LEN_RAW(VALUE st)
 {
     if (FL_TEST_RAW(st, RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN_MASK)) {
         return RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(st);
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ RSTRUCT_LEN(VALUE st)
 static inline int
 RSTRUCT_LENINT(VALUE st)
 {
-    return rb_long2int(RSTRUCT_LEN(st));
+    return rb_long2int(RSTRUCT_LEN_RAW(st));
 }
 
 static inline const VALUE *
@@ -105,15 +99,42 @@ RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(VALUE st)
 }
 
 static inline void
-RSTRUCT_SET(VALUE st, long k,  VALUE v)
+RSTRUCT_SET_RAW(VALUE st, long k,  VALUE v)
 {
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(st, &RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(st)[k], v);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-RSTRUCT_GET(VALUE st, long k)
+RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(VALUE st, long k)
 {
     return RSTRUCT_CONST_PTR(st)[k];
 }
 
+static inline VALUE
+RSTRUCT_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE st)
+{
+    const long embed_len = RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(st);
+    VALUE fields_obj;
+    if (embed_len) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!FL_TEST_RAW(st, RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS));
+        fields_obj = RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(st, embed_len);
+    }
+    else {
+        fields_obj = RSTRUCT(st)->as.heap.fields_obj;
+    }
+    return fields_obj;
+}
+
+static inline void
+RSTRUCT_SET_FIELDS_OBJ(VALUE st, VALUE fields_obj)
+{
+    const long embed_len = RSTRUCT_EMBED_LEN(st);
+    if (embed_len) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!FL_TEST_RAW(st, RSTRUCT_GEN_FIELDS));
+        RSTRUCT_SET_RAW(st, embed_len, fields_obj);
+    }
+    else {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(st, &RSTRUCT(st)->as.heap.fields_obj, fields_obj);
+    }
+}
 #endif /* INTERNAL_STRUCT_H */
diff --git a/internal/symbol.h b/internal/symbol.h
index 1a066af0e7..b9109b1347 100644
--- a/internal/symbol.h
+++ b/internal/symbol.h
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #endif
 
 /* symbol.c */
-void rb_sym_global_symbols_mark(void);
-void rb_sym_global_symbols_update_references(void);
+void rb_sym_global_symbols_mark_and_move(void);
 VALUE rb_to_symbol_type(VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_sym_intern(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
 VALUE rb_sym_intern_ascii(const char *ptr, long len);
@@ -31,11 +30,11 @@ PUREFUNC(int rb_is_const_sym(VALUE sym));
 PUREFUNC(int rb_is_attrset_sym(VALUE sym));
 ID rb_make_internal_id(void);
 ID rb_make_temporary_id(size_t n);
+bool rb_obj_is_symbol_table(VALUE obj);
+void rb_sym_global_symbol_table_foreach_weak_reference(int (*callback)(VALUE *key, void *data), void *data);
 void rb_gc_free_dsymbol(VALUE);
 int rb_static_id_valid_p(ID id);
-
-/* vm.c */
-void rb_free_static_symid_str(void);
+void rb_free_global_symbol_table(void);
 
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_constant_p)
 #define rb_sym_intern_ascii_cstr(ptr) \
diff --git a/internal/thread.h b/internal/thread.h
index 61c516984d..ea891b4372 100644
--- a/internal/thread.h
+++ b/internal/thread.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "ccan/list/list.h"     /* for list in rb_io_close_wait_list */
 
 struct rb_thread_struct;        /* in vm_core.h */
+struct rb_io;
 
 #define RB_VM_SAVE_MACHINE_CONTEXT(th)				\
     do {							\
@@ -55,26 +56,26 @@ VALUE rb_mutex_owned_p(VALUE self);
 VALUE rb_exec_recursive_outer_mid(VALUE (*f)(VALUE g, VALUE h, int r), VALUE g, VALUE h, ID mid);
 void ruby_mn_threads_params(void);
 
-int rb_thread_wait_for_single_fd(int fd, int events, struct timeval * timeout);
+int rb_thread_io_wait(struct rb_thread_struct *th, struct rb_io *io, int events, struct timeval * timeout);
+int rb_thread_wait_for_single_fd(struct rb_thread_struct *th, int fd, int events, struct timeval * timeout);
 
-struct rb_io_close_wait_list {
-    struct ccan_list_head pending_fd_users;
-    VALUE closing_thread;
-    VALUE closing_fiber;
-    VALUE wakeup_mutex;
-};
-int rb_notify_fd_close(int fd, struct rb_io_close_wait_list *busy);
-void rb_notify_fd_close_wait(struct rb_io_close_wait_list *busy);
+size_t rb_thread_io_close_interrupt(struct rb_io *);
+void rb_thread_io_close_wait(struct rb_io *);
 
 void rb_ec_check_ints(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec);
 
+void rb_thread_free_native_thread(void *th_ptr);
+
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 
 void *rb_thread_prevent_fork(void *(*func)(void *), void *data); /* for ext/socket/raddrinfo.c */
 
 /* Temporary.  This API will be removed (renamed). */
-VALUE rb_thread_io_blocking_region(rb_blocking_function_t *func, void *data1, int fd);
-VALUE rb_thread_io_blocking_call(rb_blocking_function_t *func, void *data1, int fd, int events);
+VALUE rb_thread_io_blocking_region(struct rb_io *io, rb_blocking_function_t *func, void *data1);
+VALUE rb_thread_io_blocking_call(struct rb_io *io, rb_blocking_function_t *func, void *data1, int events);
+
+// Invoke the given function, with the specified argument, in a way that `IO#close` from another execution context can interrupt it.
+VALUE rb_thread_io_blocking_operation(VALUE self, VALUE(*function)(VALUE), VALUE argument);
 
 /* thread.c (export) */
 int ruby_thread_has_gvl_p(void); /* for ext/fiddle/closure.c */
@@ -84,6 +85,8 @@ RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 int rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts(struct rb_thread_struct *th, int blocking_timing);
 bool rb_thread_mn_schedulable(VALUE thread);
 
+bool rb_thread_resolve_unblock_function(rb_unblock_function_t **unblock_function, void **data2, struct rb_thread_struct *thread);
+
 // interrupt exec
 
 typedef VALUE (rb_interrupt_exec_func_t)(void *data);
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ typedef VALUE (rb_interrupt_exec_func_t)(void *data);
 enum rb_interrupt_exec_flag {
     rb_interrupt_exec_flag_none = 0x00,
     rb_interrupt_exec_flag_value_data = 0x01,
+    rb_interrupt_exec_flag_new_thread = 0x02,
 };
 
 // interrupt the target_th and run func.
diff --git a/internal/time.h b/internal/time.h
index e21b3574f6..1f3505f5bc 100644
--- a/internal/time.h
+++ b/internal/time.h
@@ -27,11 +27,8 @@ struct timeval rb_time_timeval(VALUE);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* time.c (export) */
-void ruby_reset_leap_second_info(void);
-#ifdef RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY
-RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED_INTERNAL_ONLY()
-#endif
-void ruby_reset_timezone(const char *);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
+void ruby_reset_timezone(const char *);
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_TIME_H */
diff --git a/internal/variable.h b/internal/variable.h
index 1a2e2fd81d..58364941c1 100644
--- a/internal/variable.h
+++ b/internal/variable.h
@@ -13,21 +13,23 @@
 #include "constant.h"           /* for rb_const_entry_t */
 #include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"     /* for bool */
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
-#include "shape.h"              /* for rb_shape_t */
+#include "shape.h"              /* for shape_id_t */
 
 /* variable.c */
 void rb_gc_mark_global_tbl(void);
 void rb_gc_update_global_tbl(void);
-size_t rb_generic_ivar_memsize(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_search_class_path(VALUE);
 VALUE rb_attr_delete(VALUE, ID);
 void rb_autoload_str(VALUE mod, ID id, VALUE file);
 VALUE rb_autoload_at_p(VALUE, ID, int);
+void rb_autoload_copy_table_for_box(st_table *, const rb_box_t *);
 NORETURN(VALUE rb_mod_const_missing(VALUE,VALUE));
 rb_gvar_getter_t *rb_gvar_getter_function_of(ID);
 rb_gvar_setter_t *rb_gvar_setter_function_of(ID);
 void rb_gvar_readonly_setter(VALUE v, ID id, VALUE *_);
 void rb_gvar_ractor_local(const char *name);
+void rb_gvar_box_ready(const char *name);
+void rb_gvar_box_dynamic(const char *name);
 
 /**
  * Sets the name of a module.
@@ -45,18 +47,23 @@ void rb_gvar_ractor_local(const char *name);
  */
 VALUE rb_mod_set_temporary_name(VALUE, VALUE);
 
-struct gen_ivtbl;
-int rb_gen_ivtbl_get(VALUE obj, ID id, struct gen_ivtbl **ivtbl);
 void rb_obj_copy_ivs_to_hash_table(VALUE obj, st_table *table);
-void rb_obj_convert_to_too_complex(VALUE obj, st_table *table);
+void rb_obj_init_complex(VALUE obj, st_table *table);
 void rb_evict_ivars_to_hash(VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_obj_field_get(VALUE obj, shape_id_t target_shape_id);
+void rb_ivar_set_internal(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val);
+void rb_ivar_foreach_buffered(VALUE obj, int (*func)(ID name, VALUE val, st_data_t arg), st_data_t arg);
+attr_index_t rb_ivar_set_index(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val);
+attr_index_t rb_obj_field_set(VALUE obj, shape_id_t target_shape_id, ID field_name, VALUE val);
+VALUE rb_ivar_get_at(VALUE obj, attr_index_t index, ID id);
+VALUE rb_ivar_get_at_no_ractor_check(VALUE obj, attr_index_t index);
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 /* variable.c (export) */
 void rb_mark_generic_ivar(VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_const_missing(VALUE klass, VALUE name);
-int rb_class_ivar_set(VALUE klass, ID vid, VALUE value);
-void rb_iv_tbl_copy(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
+bool rb_class_ivar_set(VALUE klass, ID vid, VALUE value);
+void rb_fields_tbl_copy(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 VALUE rb_ivar_lookup(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE undef);
@@ -64,7 +71,6 @@ VALUE rb_gvar_get(ID);
 VALUE rb_gvar_set(ID, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_gvar_defined(ID);
 void rb_const_warn_if_deprecated(const rb_const_entry_t *, VALUE, ID);
-void rb_ensure_iv_list_size(VALUE obj, uint32_t len, uint32_t newsize);
-attr_index_t rb_obj_ivar_set(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val);
+void rb_ensure_iv_list_size(VALUE obj, uint32_t current_len, uint32_t newsize);
 
 #endif /* INTERNAL_VARIABLE_H */
diff --git a/internal/vm.h b/internal/vm.h
index c30e26a8b4..4e50ec2710 100644
--- a/internal/vm.h
+++ b/internal/vm.h
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ void rb_vm_check_redefinition_by_prepend(VALUE klass);
 int rb_vm_check_optimizable_mid(VALUE mid);
 VALUE rb_yield_refine_block(VALUE refinement, VALUE refinements);
 VALUE ruby_vm_special_exception_copy(VALUE);
-PUREFUNC(st_table *rb_vm_fstring_table(void));
 
 void rb_lastline_set_up(VALUE val, unsigned int up);
 
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@ const char *rb_type_str(enum ruby_value_type type);
 VALUE rb_check_funcall_default(VALUE, ID, int, const VALUE *, VALUE);
 VALUE rb_check_funcall_basic_kw(VALUE, ID, VALUE, int, const VALUE*, int);
 VALUE rb_yield_1(VALUE val);
+VALUE rb_ec_yield(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec, VALUE val);
 VALUE rb_yield_force_blockarg(VALUE values);
 VALUE rb_lambda_call(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv,
                      rb_block_call_func_t bl_proc, int min_argc, int max_argc,
@@ -78,10 +78,12 @@ void rb_check_stack_overflow(void);
 #define RB_BLOCK_NO_USE_PACKED_ARGS 2
 VALUE rb_block_call2(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv, rb_block_call_func_t bl_proc, VALUE data2, long flags);
 struct vm_ifunc *rb_current_ifunc(void);
+VALUE rb_gccct_clear_table(void);
+VALUE rb_eval_cmd_call_kw(VALUE cmd, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat);
 
-#if USE_YJIT
+#if USE_YJIT || USE_ZJIT
 /* vm_exec.c */
-extern uint64_t rb_vm_insns_count;
+extern uint64_t rb_vm_insn_count;
 #endif
 
 extern bool rb_free_at_exit;
@@ -99,8 +101,6 @@ const struct rb_callcache *rb_vm_search_method_slowpath(const struct rb_callinfo
 /* vm_method.c */
 int rb_ec_obj_respond_to(struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec, VALUE obj, ID id, int priv);
 
-void rb_clear_constant_cache(void);
-
 /* vm_dump.c */
 void rb_print_backtrace(FILE *);
 
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ int rb_get_node_id_from_frame_info(VALUE obj);
 const struct rb_iseq_struct *rb_get_iseq_from_frame_info(VALUE obj);
 
 VALUE rb_ec_backtrace_object(const struct rb_execution_context_struct *ec);
-void rb_backtrace_use_iseq_first_lineno_for_last_location(VALUE self);
 
 #define RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(name, arg) \
     RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(name##_CREATE, arg)
diff --git a/io.c b/io.c
index 3edb15ab7f..effcb349c3 100644
--- a/io.c
+++ b/io.c
@@ -220,12 +220,12 @@ static VALUE sym_DATA;
 static VALUE sym_HOLE;
 #endif
 
-static VALUE prep_io(int fd, int fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path);
+static VALUE prep_io(int fd, enum rb_io_mode fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path);
 
 VALUE
 rb_io_blocking_region_wait(struct rb_io *io, rb_blocking_function_t *function, void *argument, enum rb_io_event events)
 {
-    return rb_thread_io_blocking_call(function, argument, io->fd, events);
+    return rb_thread_io_blocking_call(io, function, argument, events);
 }
 
 VALUE rb_io_blocking_region(struct rb_io *io, rb_blocking_function_t *function, void *argument)
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd(int fd, int minfd)
 
 #define argf_of(obj) (*(struct argf *)DATA_PTR(obj))
 #define ARGF argf_of(argf)
+#define ARGF_SET(field, value) RB_OBJ_WRITE(argf, &ARGF.field, value)
 
 #define GetWriteIO(io) rb_io_get_write_io(io)
 
@@ -1110,7 +1111,7 @@ ruby_dup(int orig)
 static VALUE
 io_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(io, struct RFile, klass, T_FILE, sizeof(struct RFile), 0);
+    UNPROTECTED_NEWOBJ_OF(io, struct RFile, klass, T_FILE, sizeof(struct RFile));
 
     io->fptr = 0;
 
@@ -1181,8 +1182,15 @@ io_internal_wait(VALUE thread, rb_io_t *fptr, int error, int events, struct time
         return -1;
     }
 
-    errno = error;
-    return -1;
+    // If there was an error BEFORE we started waiting, return it:
+    if (error) {
+        errno = error;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        // Otherwise, whatever error was generated by `nogvl_wait_for` is the one we want:
+        return ready;
+    }
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1284,7 +1292,8 @@ internal_writev_func(void *ptr)
 static ssize_t
 rb_io_read_memory(rb_io_t *fptr, void *buf, size_t count)
 {
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_read_memory(scheduler, fptr->self, buf, count, 0);
 
@@ -1294,7 +1303,7 @@ rb_io_read_memory(rb_io_t *fptr, void *buf, size_t count)
     }
 
     struct io_internal_read_struct iis = {
-        .th = rb_thread_current(),
+        .th = th->self,
         .fptr = fptr,
         .nonblock = 0,
         .fd = fptr->fd,
@@ -1317,7 +1326,8 @@ rb_io_read_memory(rb_io_t *fptr, void *buf, size_t count)
 static ssize_t
 rb_io_write_memory(rb_io_t *fptr, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_write_memory(scheduler, fptr->self, buf, count, 0);
 
@@ -1327,7 +1337,7 @@ rb_io_write_memory(rb_io_t *fptr, const void *buf, size_t count)
     }
 
     struct io_internal_write_struct iis = {
-        .th = rb_thread_current(),
+        .th = th->self,
         .fptr = fptr,
         .nonblock = 0,
         .fd = fptr->fd,
@@ -1353,7 +1363,9 @@ rb_writev_internal(rb_io_t *fptr, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt)
 {
     if (!iovcnt) return 0;
 
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         // This path assumes at least one `iov`:
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_write_memory(scheduler, fptr->self, iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len, 0);
@@ -1364,7 +1376,7 @@ rb_writev_internal(rb_io_t *fptr, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt)
     }
 
     struct io_internal_writev_struct iis = {
-        .th = rb_thread_current(),
+        .th = th->self,
         .fptr = fptr,
         .nonblock = 0,
         .fd = fptr->fd,
@@ -1407,10 +1419,34 @@ io_flush_buffer_sync(void *arg)
     return (VALUE)-1;
 }
 
+static inline VALUE
+io_flush_buffer_fiber_scheduler(VALUE scheduler, rb_io_t *fptr)
+{
+    VALUE ret = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_write_memory(scheduler, fptr->self, fptr->wbuf.ptr+fptr->wbuf.off, fptr->wbuf.len, 0);
+    if (!UNDEF_P(ret)) {
+        ssize_t result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_result_apply(ret);
+        if (result > 0) {
+            fptr->wbuf.off += result;
+            fptr->wbuf.len -= result;
+        }
+        return result >= 0 ? (VALUE)0 : (VALUE)-1;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 io_flush_buffer_async(VALUE arg)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr = (rb_io_t *)arg;
+
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    if (scheduler != Qnil) {
+        VALUE result = io_flush_buffer_fiber_scheduler(scheduler, fptr);
+        if (!UNDEF_P(result)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
     return rb_io_blocking_region_wait(fptr, io_flush_buffer_sync, fptr, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE);
 }
 
@@ -1446,7 +1482,8 @@ io_fflush(rb_io_t *fptr)
 VALUE
 rb_io_wait(VALUE io, VALUE events, VALUE timeout)
 {
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
 
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         return rb_fiber_scheduler_io_wait(scheduler, io, events, timeout);
@@ -1467,7 +1504,7 @@ rb_io_wait(VALUE io, VALUE events, VALUE timeout)
         tv = &tv_storage;
     }
 
-    int ready = rb_thread_wait_for_single_fd(fptr->fd, RB_NUM2INT(events), tv);
+    int ready = rb_thread_io_wait(th, fptr, RB_NUM2INT(events), tv);
 
     if (ready < 0) {
         rb_sys_fail(0);
@@ -1491,17 +1528,15 @@ io_from_fd(int fd)
 }
 
 static int
-io_wait_for_single_fd(int fd, int events, struct timeval *timeout)
+io_wait_for_single_fd(int fd, int events, struct timeval *timeout, rb_thread_t *th, VALUE scheduler)
 {
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
-
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         return RTEST(
             rb_fiber_scheduler_io_wait(scheduler, io_from_fd(fd), RB_INT2NUM(events), rb_fiber_scheduler_make_timeout(timeout))
         );
     }
 
-    return rb_thread_wait_for_single_fd(fd, events, timeout);
+    return rb_thread_wait_for_single_fd(th, fd, events, timeout);
 }
 
 int
@@ -1509,7 +1544,8 @@ rb_io_wait_readable(int f)
 {
     io_fd_check_closed(f);
 
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
 
     switch (errno) {
       case EINTR:
@@ -1529,7 +1565,7 @@ rb_io_wait_readable(int f)
             );
         }
         else {
-            io_wait_for_single_fd(f, RUBY_IO_READABLE, NULL);
+            io_wait_for_single_fd(f, RUBY_IO_READABLE, NULL, th, scheduler);
         }
         return TRUE;
 
@@ -1543,7 +1579,8 @@ rb_io_wait_writable(int f)
 {
     io_fd_check_closed(f);
 
-    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
 
     switch (errno) {
       case EINTR:
@@ -1572,7 +1609,7 @@ rb_io_wait_writable(int f)
             );
         }
         else {
-            io_wait_for_single_fd(f, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE, NULL);
+            io_wait_for_single_fd(f, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE, NULL, th, scheduler);
         }
         return TRUE;
 
@@ -1584,7 +1621,9 @@ rb_io_wait_writable(int f)
 int
 rb_wait_for_single_fd(int fd, int events, struct timeval *timeout)
 {
-    return io_wait_for_single_fd(fd, events, timeout);
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current_for_threadptr(th);
+    return io_wait_for_single_fd(fd, events, timeout, th, scheduler);
 }
 
 int
@@ -2497,7 +2536,7 @@ interpret_seek_whence(VALUE vwhence)
  *      f.tell            # => 12
  *      f.close
  *
- *  - +:SET+ or <tt>IO:SEEK_SET</tt>:
+ *  - +:SET+ or <tt>IO::SEEK_SET</tt>:
  *    Repositions the stream to the given +offset+:
  *
  *      f = File.open('t.txt')
@@ -2621,9 +2660,6 @@ io_fillbuf(rb_io_t *fptr)
         fptr->rbuf.len = 0;
         fptr->rbuf.capa = IO_RBUF_CAPA_FOR(fptr);
         fptr->rbuf.ptr = ALLOC_N(char, fptr->rbuf.capa);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-        fptr->rbuf.capa--;
-#endif
     }
     if (fptr->rbuf.len == 0) {
       retry:
@@ -3149,8 +3185,6 @@ io_enc_str(VALUE str, rb_io_t *fptr)
     return str;
 }
 
-static rb_encoding *io_read_encoding(rb_io_t *fptr);
-
 static void
 make_readconv(rb_io_t *fptr, int size)
 {
@@ -3293,10 +3327,6 @@ io_shift_cbuf(rb_io_t *fptr, int len, VALUE *strp)
 static int
 io_setstrbuf(VALUE *str, long len)
 {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    if (len > 0)
-        len = (len + 1) & ~1L;	/* round up for wide char */
-#endif
     if (NIL_P(*str)) {
         *str = rb_str_new(0, len);
         return TRUE;
@@ -4300,11 +4330,17 @@ rb_io_gets(VALUE io)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_io_gets_internal(VALUE io)
+rb_io_gets_limit_internal(VALUE io, long limit)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    return rb_io_getline_0(rb_default_rs, -1, FALSE, fptr);
+    return rb_io_getline_0(rb_default_rs, limit, FALSE, fptr);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_io_gets_internal(VALUE io)
+{
+    return rb_io_gets_limit_internal(io, -1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4685,10 +4721,11 @@ rb_io_each_line(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *  Calls the given block with each byte (0..255) in the stream; returns +self+.
  *  See {Byte IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Byte+IO].
  *
- *    f = File.new('t.rus')
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.new('t.ja')
  *    a = []
  *    f.each_byte {|b| a << b }
- *    a # => [209, 130, 208, 181, 209, 129, 209, 130]
+ *    a # => [227, 129, 147, 227, 130, 147, 227, 129, 171, 227, 129, 161, 227, 129, 175]
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
@@ -4833,10 +4870,11 @@ io_getc(rb_io_t *fptr, rb_encoding *enc)
  *  Calls the given block with each character in the stream; returns +self+.
  *  See {Character IO}[rdoc-ref:IO@Character+IO].
  *
- *    f = File.new('t.rus')
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.new('t.ja')
  *    a = []
  *    f.each_char {|c| a << c.ord }
- *    a # => [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090]
+ *    a # => [12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
@@ -4871,10 +4909,11 @@ rb_io_each_char(VALUE io)
  *
  *  Calls the given block with each codepoint in the stream; returns +self+:
  *
- *    f = File.new('t.rus')
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.new('t.ja')
  *    a = []
  *    f.each_codepoint {|c| a << c }
- *    a # => [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090]
+ *    a # => [12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
@@ -4896,6 +4935,7 @@ rb_io_each_codepoint(VALUE io)
     rb_io_check_char_readable(fptr);
 
     READ_CHECK(fptr);
+    enc = io_read_encoding(fptr);
     if (NEED_READCONV(fptr)) {
         SET_BINARY_MODE(fptr);
         r = 1;		/* no invalid char yet */
@@ -4903,12 +4943,9 @@ rb_io_each_codepoint(VALUE io)
             make_readconv(fptr, 0);
             for (;;) {
                 if (fptr->cbuf.len) {
-                    if (fptr->encs.enc)
-                        r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off,
-                                                  fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off+fptr->cbuf.len,
-                                                  fptr->encs.enc);
-                    else
-                        r = ONIGENC_CONSTRUCT_MBCLEN_CHARFOUND(1);
+                    r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off,
+                                              fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off+fptr->cbuf.len,
+                                              enc);
                     if (!MBCLEN_NEEDMORE_P(r))
                         break;
                     if (fptr->cbuf.len == fptr->cbuf.capa) {
@@ -4918,33 +4955,25 @@ rb_io_each_codepoint(VALUE io)
                 if (more_char(fptr) == MORE_CHAR_FINISHED) {
                     clear_readconv(fptr);
                     if (!MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P(r)) {
-                        enc = fptr->encs.enc;
                         goto invalid;
                     }
                     return io;
                 }
             }
             if (MBCLEN_INVALID_P(r)) {
-                enc = fptr->encs.enc;
                 goto invalid;
             }
             n = MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_LEN(r);
-            if (fptr->encs.enc) {
-                c = rb_enc_codepoint(fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off,
-                                     fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off+fptr->cbuf.len,
-                                     fptr->encs.enc);
-            }
-            else {
-                c = (unsigned char)fptr->cbuf.ptr[fptr->cbuf.off];
-            }
+            c = rb_enc_codepoint(fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off,
+                                 fptr->cbuf.ptr+fptr->cbuf.off+fptr->cbuf.len,
+                                 enc);
             fptr->cbuf.off += n;
             fptr->cbuf.len -= n;
             rb_yield(UINT2NUM(c));
-            rb_io_check_byte_readable(fptr);
+            rb_io_check_char_readable(fptr);
         }
     }
     NEED_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_ON_READ_CHECK(fptr);
-    enc = io_input_encoding(fptr);
     while (io_fillbuf(fptr) >= 0) {
         r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(fptr->rbuf.ptr+fptr->rbuf.off,
                                   fptr->rbuf.ptr+fptr->rbuf.off+fptr->rbuf.len, enc);
@@ -4998,8 +5027,9 @@ rb_io_each_codepoint(VALUE io)
  *    f = File.open('t.txt')
  *    f.getc     # => "F"
  *    f.close
- *    f = File.open('t.rus')
- *    f.getc.ord # => 1090
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.open('t.ja')
+ *    f.getc.ord # => 12371
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Related:  IO#readchar (may raise EOFError).
@@ -5031,8 +5061,9 @@ rb_io_getc(VALUE io)
  *    f = File.open('t.txt')
  *    f.readchar     # => "F"
  *    f.close
- *    f = File.open('t.rus')
- *    f.readchar.ord # => 1090
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.open('t.ja')
+ *    f.readchar.ord # => 12371
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Related:  IO#getc (will not raise EOFError).
@@ -5061,8 +5092,9 @@ rb_io_readchar(VALUE io)
  *    f = File.open('t.txt')
  *    f.getbyte # => 70
  *    f.close
- *    f = File.open('t.rus')
- *    f.getbyte # => 209
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.open('t.ja')
+ *    f.getbyte # => 227
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Related: IO#readbyte (may raise EOFError).
@@ -5105,8 +5137,9 @@ rb_io_getbyte(VALUE io)
  *    f = File.open('t.txt')
  *    f.readbyte # => 70
  *    f.close
- *    f = File.open('t.rus')
- *    f.readbyte # => 209
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    f = File.open('t.ja')
+ *    f.readbyte # => 227
  *    f.close
  *
  *  Related: IO#getbyte (will not raise EOFError).
@@ -5510,8 +5543,7 @@ maygvl_fclose(FILE *file, int keepgvl)
 static void free_io_buffer(rb_io_buffer_t *buf);
 
 static void
-fptr_finalize_flush(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise, int keepgvl,
-                    struct rb_io_close_wait_list *busy)
+fptr_finalize_flush(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise, int keepgvl)
 {
     VALUE error = Qnil;
     int fd = fptr->fd;
@@ -5551,20 +5583,8 @@ fptr_finalize_flush(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise, int keepgvl,
     fptr->stdio_file = 0;
     fptr->mode &= ~(FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_WRITABLE);
 
-    // Ensure waiting_fd users do not hit EBADF.
-    if (busy) {
-        // Wait for them to exit before we call close().
-        rb_notify_fd_close_wait(busy);
-    }
-
-    // Disable for now.
-    // if (!done && fd >= 0) {
-    //     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
-    //     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
-    //         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_close(scheduler, fptr->self);
-    //         if (!UNDEF_P(result)) done = 1;
-    //     }
-    // }
+    // Wait for blocking operations to ensure they do not hit EBADF:
+    rb_thread_io_close_wait(fptr);
 
     if (!done && stdio_file) {
         // stdio_file is deallocated anyway even if fclose failed.
@@ -5577,6 +5597,15 @@ fptr_finalize_flush(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise, int keepgvl,
         done = 1;
     }
 
+    VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
+    if (!done && fd >= 0 && scheduler != Qnil) {
+        VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_close(scheduler, RB_INT2NUM(fd));
+
+        if (!UNDEF_P(result)) {
+            done = RTEST(result);
+        }
+    }
+
     if (!done && fd >= 0) {
         // fptr->fd may be closed even if close fails. POSIX doesn't specify it.
         // We assumes it is closed.
@@ -5603,7 +5632,7 @@ fptr_finalize_flush(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise, int keepgvl,
 static void
 fptr_finalize(rb_io_t *fptr, int noraise)
 {
-    fptr_finalize_flush(fptr, noraise, FALSE, 0);
+    fptr_finalize_flush(fptr, noraise, FALSE);
     free_io_buffer(&fptr->rbuf);
     free_io_buffer(&fptr->wbuf);
     clear_codeconv(fptr);
@@ -5624,7 +5653,7 @@ static void
 free_io_buffer(rb_io_buffer_t *buf)
 {
     if (buf->ptr) {
-        ruby_sized_xfree(buf->ptr, (size_t)buf->capa);
+        ruby_xfree_sized(buf->ptr, (size_t)buf->capa);
         buf->ptr = NULL;
     }
 }
@@ -5668,37 +5697,45 @@ rb_io_fptr_cleanup_all(rb_io_t *fptr)
     clear_codeconv(fptr);
 }
 
-void
-rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal(void *ptr)
+int
+rb_io_fptr_finalize(struct rb_io *io)
 {
-    if (!ptr) return;
-    rb_io_fptr_cleanup_all(ptr);
-    free(ptr);
+    if (!io) return 0;
+    rb_io_fptr_cleanup_all(io);
+    free(io);
+
+    return 1;
 }
 
-#undef rb_io_fptr_finalize
-int
-rb_io_fptr_finalize(rb_io_t *fptr)
+bool
+rb_io_fptr_finalize_closed(struct rb_io *io)
 {
-    if (!fptr) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal(fptr);
-        return 1;
-    }
+    if (!io) return true;
+    if (io->fd >= 0) return false;
+    rb_io_fptr_finalize(io);
+    return true;
 }
-#define rb_io_fptr_finalize(fptr) rb_io_fptr_finalize_internal(fptr)
 
 size_t
-rb_io_memsize(const rb_io_t *fptr)
+rb_io_memsize(const rb_io_t *io)
 {
     size_t size = sizeof(rb_io_t);
-    size += fptr->rbuf.capa;
-    size += fptr->wbuf.capa;
-    size += fptr->cbuf.capa;
-    if (fptr->readconv) size += rb_econv_memsize(fptr->readconv);
-    if (fptr->writeconv) size += rb_econv_memsize(fptr->writeconv);
+    size += io->rbuf.capa;
+    size += io->wbuf.capa;
+    size += io->cbuf.capa;
+    if (io->readconv) size += rb_econv_memsize(io->readconv);
+    if (io->writeconv) size += rb_econv_memsize(io->writeconv);
+
+    struct rb_io_blocking_operation *blocking_operation = 0;
+
+    // Validate the fork generation of the IO object. If the IO object fork generation is different, the list of blocking operations is not valid memory. See `rb_io_blocking_operations` for the exact semantics.
+    rb_serial_t fork_generation = GET_VM()->fork_gen;
+    if (io->fork_generation == fork_generation) {
+        ccan_list_for_each(&io->blocking_operations, blocking_operation, list) {
+            size += sizeof(struct rb_io_blocking_operation);
+        }
+    }
+
     return size;
 }
 
@@ -5715,7 +5752,6 @@ io_close_fptr(VALUE io)
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     VALUE write_io;
     rb_io_t *write_fptr;
-    struct rb_io_close_wait_list busy;
 
     write_io = GetWriteIO(io);
     if (io != write_io) {
@@ -5729,10 +5765,12 @@ io_close_fptr(VALUE io)
     if (!fptr) return 0;
     if (fptr->fd < 0) return 0;
 
-    if (rb_notify_fd_close(fptr->fd, &busy)) {
+    // This guards against multiple threads closing the same IO object:
+    if (rb_thread_io_close_interrupt(fptr)) {
         /* calls close(fptr->fd): */
-        fptr_finalize_flush(fptr, FALSE, KEEPGVL, &busy);
+        fptr_finalize_flush(fptr, FALSE, KEEPGVL);
     }
+
     rb_io_fptr_cleanup(fptr, FALSE);
     return fptr;
 }
@@ -6259,6 +6297,14 @@ internal_pwrite_func(void *_arg)
 {
     struct prdwr_internal_arg *arg = _arg;
 
+    return (VALUE)pwrite(arg->fd, arg->buf, arg->count, arg->offset);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+pwrite_internal_call(VALUE _arg)
+{
+    struct prdwr_internal_arg *arg = (struct prdwr_internal_arg *)_arg;
+
     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_pwrite_memory(scheduler, arg->io->self, arg->offset, arg->buf, arg->count, 0);
@@ -6268,8 +6314,7 @@ internal_pwrite_func(void *_arg)
         }
     }
 
-
-    return (VALUE)pwrite(arg->fd, arg->buf, arg->count, arg->offset);
+    return rb_io_blocking_region_wait(arg->io, internal_pwrite_func, arg, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -6321,7 +6366,7 @@ rb_io_pwrite(VALUE io, VALUE str, VALUE offset)
     arg.buf = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
     arg.count = (size_t)RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
 
-    n = (ssize_t)rb_io_blocking_region_wait(fptr, internal_pwrite_func, &arg, RUBY_IO_WRITABLE);
+    n = (ssize_t)pwrite_internal_call((VALUE)&arg);
     if (n < 0) rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
     rb_str_tmp_frozen_release(str, tmp);
 
@@ -6426,7 +6471,7 @@ rb_io_binmode_p(VALUE io)
 }
 
 static const char*
-rb_io_fmode_modestr(int fmode)
+rb_io_fmode_modestr(enum rb_io_mode fmode)
 {
     if (fmode & FMODE_APPEND) {
         if ((fmode & FMODE_READWRITE) == FMODE_READWRITE) {
@@ -6460,10 +6505,10 @@ io_encname_bom_p(const char *name, long len)
     return len > bom_prefix_len && STRNCASECMP(name, bom_prefix, bom_prefix_len) == 0;
 }
 
-int
+enum rb_io_mode
 rb_io_modestr_fmode(const char *modestr)
 {
-    int fmode = 0;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = 0;
     const char *m = modestr, *p = NULL;
 
     switch (*m++) {
@@ -6520,7 +6565,7 @@ rb_io_modestr_fmode(const char *modestr)
 int
 rb_io_oflags_fmode(int oflags)
 {
-    int fmode = 0;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = 0;
 
     switch (oflags & O_ACCMODE) {
       case O_RDONLY:
@@ -6556,7 +6601,7 @@ rb_io_oflags_fmode(int oflags)
 }
 
 static int
-rb_io_fmode_oflags(int fmode)
+rb_io_fmode_oflags(enum rb_io_mode fmode)
 {
     int oflags = 0;
 
@@ -6641,7 +6686,7 @@ rb_io_oflags_modestr(int oflags)
  * Qnil => no encoding specified (internal only)
  */
 static void
-rb_io_ext_int_to_encs(rb_encoding *ext, rb_encoding *intern, rb_encoding **enc, rb_encoding **enc2, int fmode)
+rb_io_ext_int_to_encs(rb_encoding *ext, rb_encoding *intern, rb_encoding **enc, rb_encoding **enc2, enum rb_io_mode fmode)
 {
     int default_ext = 0;
 
@@ -6676,12 +6721,12 @@ unsupported_encoding(const char *name, rb_encoding *enc)
 
 static void
 parse_mode_enc(const char *estr, rb_encoding *estr_enc,
-               rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, int *fmode_p)
+               rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p)
 {
     const char *p;
     char encname[ENCODING_MAXNAMELEN+1];
     int idx, idx2;
-    int fmode = fmode_p ? *fmode_p : 0;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = fmode_p ? *fmode_p : 0;
     rb_encoding *ext_enc, *int_enc;
     long len;
 
@@ -6743,7 +6788,7 @@ parse_mode_enc(const char *estr, rb_encoding *estr_enc,
 }
 
 int
-rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, int *fmode_p)
+rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p)
 {
     VALUE encoding=Qnil, extenc=Qundef, intenc=Qundef, tmp;
     int extracted = 0;
@@ -6812,9 +6857,9 @@ rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2
 }
 
 static void
-validate_enc_binmode(int *fmode_p, int ecflags, rb_encoding *enc, rb_encoding *enc2)
+validate_enc_binmode(enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p, int ecflags, rb_encoding *enc, rb_encoding *enc2)
 {
-    int fmode = *fmode_p;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = *fmode_p;
 
     if ((fmode & FMODE_READABLE) &&
         !enc2 &&
@@ -6839,7 +6884,7 @@ validate_enc_binmode(int *fmode_p, int ecflags, rb_encoding *enc, rb_encoding *e
 }
 
 static void
-extract_binmode(VALUE opthash, int *fmode)
+extract_binmode(VALUE opthash, enum rb_io_mode *fmode)
 {
     if (!NIL_P(opthash)) {
         VALUE v;
@@ -6869,10 +6914,11 @@ extract_binmode(VALUE opthash, int *fmode)
 
 void
 rb_io_extract_modeenc(VALUE *vmode_p, VALUE *vperm_p, VALUE opthash,
-        int *oflags_p, int *fmode_p, struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig_p)
+        int *oflags_p, enum rb_io_mode *fmode_p, struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig_p)
 {
     VALUE vmode;
-    int oflags, fmode;
+    int oflags;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
     rb_encoding *enc, *enc2;
     int ecflags;
     VALUE ecopts;
@@ -7187,7 +7233,7 @@ io_set_encoding_by_bom(VALUE io)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_file_open_generic(VALUE io, VALUE filename, int oflags, int fmode,
+rb_file_open_generic(VALUE io, VALUE filename, int oflags, enum rb_io_mode fmode,
                      const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig, mode_t perm)
 {
     VALUE pathv;
@@ -7224,7 +7270,7 @@ rb_file_open_generic(VALUE io, VALUE filename, int oflags, int fmode,
 static VALUE
 rb_file_open_internal(VALUE io, VALUE filename, const char *modestr)
 {
-    int fmode = rb_io_modestr_fmode(modestr);
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = rb_io_modestr_fmode(modestr);
     const char *p = strchr(modestr, ':');
     struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
 
@@ -7540,7 +7586,7 @@ char *rb_execarg_commandline(const struct rb_execarg *eargp, VALUE *prog);
 
 #ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
 static VALUE
-pipe_open(VALUE execarg_obj, const char *modestr, int fmode,
+pipe_open(VALUE execarg_obj, const char *modestr, enum rb_io_mode fmode,
           const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig)
 {
     struct rb_execarg *eargp = NIL_P(execarg_obj) ? NULL : rb_execarg_get(execarg_obj);
@@ -7769,7 +7815,7 @@ pipe_open(VALUE execarg_obj, const char *modestr, int fmode,
 }
 #else
 static VALUE
-pipe_open(VALUE execarg_obj, const char *modestr, int fmode,
+pipe_open(VALUE execarg_obj, const char *modestr, enum rb_io_mode fmode,
           const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig)
 {
     rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "popen() is not available");
@@ -7791,7 +7837,7 @@ is_popen_fork(VALUE prog)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-pipe_open_s(VALUE prog, const char *modestr, int fmode,
+pipe_open_s(VALUE prog, const char *modestr, enum rb_io_mode fmode,
             const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig)
 {
     int argc = 1;
@@ -7824,7 +7870,7 @@ static VALUE popen_finish(VALUE port, VALUE klass);
  *  whose $stdin and $stdout are connected to a new stream +io+.
  *
  *  This method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
+ *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:security/command_injection.rdoc].
  *
  *  If no block is given, returns the new stream,
  *  which depending on given +mode+ may be open for reading, writing, or both.
@@ -7833,7 +7879,8 @@ static VALUE popen_finish(VALUE port, VALUE klass);
  *  If a block is given, the stream is passed to the block
  *  (again, open for reading, writing, or both);
  *  when the block exits, the stream is closed,
- *  and the block's value is assigned to global variable <tt>$?</tt> and returned.
+ *  the block's value is returned,
+ *  and the global variable <tt>$?</tt> is set to the child's exit status.
  *
  *  Optional argument +mode+ may be any valid \IO mode.
  *  See {Access Modes}[rdoc-ref:File@Access+Modes].
@@ -8000,7 +8047,8 @@ rb_io_popen(VALUE pname, VALUE pmode, VALUE env, VALUE opt)
 {
     const char *modestr;
     VALUE tmp, execarg_obj = Qnil;
-    int oflags, fmode;
+    int oflags;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
     struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
 
     tmp = rb_check_array_type(pname);
@@ -8041,7 +8089,7 @@ popen_finish(VALUE port, VALUE klass)
             rb_protect(rb_yield, Qnil, NULL);
             rb_io_flush(rb_ractor_stdout());
             rb_io_flush(rb_ractor_stderr());
-            _exit(0);
+            _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
         }
         return Qnil;
     }
@@ -8081,7 +8129,12 @@ ruby_popen_writer(char *const *argv, rb_pid_t *pid)
     int write_pair[2];
 # endif
 
-    int result = rb_cloexec_pipe(write_pair);
+#ifdef HAVE_PIPE2
+    int result = pipe2(write_pair, O_CLOEXEC);
+#else
+    int result = pipe(write_pair);
+#endif
+
     *pid = -1;
     if (result == 0) {
 # ifdef HAVE_WORKING_FORK
@@ -8109,8 +8162,9 @@ ruby_popen_writer(char *const *argv, rb_pid_t *pid)
 static VALUE
 rb_open_file(VALUE io, VALUE fname, VALUE vmode, VALUE vperm, VALUE opt)
 {
+    int oflags;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
     struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
-    int oflags, fmode;
     mode_t perm;
 
     FilePathValue(fname);
@@ -8212,21 +8266,6 @@ rb_io_s_sysopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
     return INT2NUM(fd);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-check_pipe_command(VALUE filename_or_command)
-{
-    char *s = RSTRING_PTR(filename_or_command);
-    long l = RSTRING_LEN(filename_or_command);
-    char *e = s + l;
-    int chlen;
-
-    if (rb_enc_ascget(s, e, &chlen, rb_enc_get(filename_or_command)) == '|') {
-        VALUE cmd = rb_str_new(s+chlen, l-chlen);
-        return cmd;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    open(path, mode = 'r', perm = 0666, **opts)             -> io or nil
@@ -8234,9 +8273,6 @@ check_pipe_command(VALUE filename_or_command)
  *
  *  Creates an IO object connected to the given file.
  *
- *  This method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  *  With no block given, file stream is returned:
  *
  *    open('t.txt') # => #<File:t.txt>
@@ -8272,13 +8308,7 @@ rb_f_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
                 redirect = TRUE;
             }
             else {
-                VALUE cmd = check_pipe_command(tmp);
-                if (!NIL_P(cmd)) {
-                    // TODO: when removed in 4.0, update command_injection.rdoc
-                    rb_warn_deprecated_to_remove_at(4.0, "Calling Kernel#open with a leading '|'", "IO.popen");
-                    argv[0] = cmd;
-                    return rb_io_s_popen(argc, argv, rb_cIO);
-                }
+                argv[0] = tmp;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -8293,12 +8323,19 @@ rb_f_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
     return rb_io_s_open(argc, argv, rb_cFile);
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_io_open_generic(VALUE, VALUE, int, int, const struct rb_io_encoding *, mode_t);
+static VALUE
+rb_io_open_generic(VALUE klass, VALUE filename, int oflags, enum rb_io_mode fmode,
+                   const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig, mode_t perm)
+{
+    return rb_file_open_generic(io_alloc(klass), filename,
+                                oflags, fmode, convconfig, perm);
+}
 
 static VALUE
 rb_io_open(VALUE io, VALUE filename, VALUE vmode, VALUE vperm, VALUE opt)
 {
-    int oflags, fmode;
+    int oflags;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
     struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
     mode_t perm;
 
@@ -8308,22 +8345,6 @@ rb_io_open(VALUE io, VALUE filename, VALUE vmode, VALUE vperm, VALUE opt)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_io_open_generic(VALUE klass, VALUE filename, int oflags, int fmode,
-                   const struct rb_io_encoding *convconfig, mode_t perm)
-{
-    VALUE cmd;
-    if (klass == rb_cIO && !NIL_P(cmd = check_pipe_command(filename))) {
-        // TODO: when removed in 4.0, update command_injection.rdoc
-        rb_warn_deprecated_to_remove_at(4.0, "IO process creation with a leading '|'", "IO.popen");
-        return pipe_open_s(cmd, rb_io_oflags_modestr(oflags), fmode, convconfig);
-    }
-    else {
-        return rb_file_open_generic(io_alloc(klass), filename,
-                                    oflags, fmode, convconfig, perm);
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
 io_reopen(VALUE io, VALUE nfile)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr, *orig;
@@ -8372,6 +8393,10 @@ io_reopen(VALUE io, VALUE nfile)
     fd = fptr->fd;
     fd2 = orig->fd;
     if (fd != fd2) {
+        // Interrupt all usage of the old file descriptor:
+        rb_thread_io_close_interrupt(fptr);
+        rb_thread_io_close_wait(fptr);
+
         if (RUBY_IO_EXTERNAL_P(fptr) || fd <= 2 || !fptr->stdio_file) {
             /* need to keep FILE objects of stdin, stdout and stderr */
             if (rb_cloexec_dup2(fd2, fd) < 0)
@@ -8387,7 +8412,7 @@ io_reopen(VALUE io, VALUE nfile)
             rb_update_max_fd(fd);
             fptr->fd = fd;
         }
-        rb_thread_fd_close(fd);
+
         if ((orig->mode & FMODE_READABLE) && pos >= 0) {
             if (io_seek(fptr, pos, SEEK_SET) < 0 && errno) {
                 rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
@@ -8476,7 +8501,7 @@ rb_io_reopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE file)
     }
 
     if (!NIL_P(nmode) || !NIL_P(opt)) {
-        int fmode;
+        enum rb_io_mode fmode;
         struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
 
         rb_io_extract_modeenc(&nmode, 0, opt, &oflags, &fmode, &convconfig);
@@ -8564,6 +8589,12 @@ rb_io_init_copy(VALUE dest, VALUE io)
     fptr->pid = orig->pid;
     fptr->lineno = orig->lineno;
     fptr->timeout = orig->timeout;
+
+    ccan_list_head_init(&fptr->blocking_operations);
+    fptr->closing_ec = NULL;
+    fptr->wakeup_mutex = Qnil;
+    fptr->fork_generation = GET_VM()->fork_gen;
+
     if (!NIL_P(orig->pathv)) fptr->pathv = orig->pathv;
     fptr_copy_finalizer(fptr, orig);
 
@@ -8593,7 +8624,7 @@ rb_io_init_copy(VALUE dest, VALUE io)
  *  Formats and writes +objects+ to the stream.
  *
  *  For details on +format_string+, see
- *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
+ *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:language/format_specifications.rdoc].
  *
  */
 
@@ -8614,7 +8645,7 @@ rb_io_printf(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE out)
  *    io.write(sprintf(format_string, *objects))
  *
  *  For details on +format_string+, see
- *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
+ *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:language/format_specifications.rdoc].
  *
  *  With the single argument +format_string+, formats +objects+ into the string,
  *  then writes the formatted string to $stdout:
@@ -8657,12 +8688,19 @@ rb_f_printf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+extern void rb_deprecated_str_setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var);
+
 static void
-deprecated_str_setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
+deprecated_rs_setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
 {
-    rb_str_setter(val, id, &val);
+    rb_deprecated_str_setter(val, id, &val);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_warn_deprecated("'%s'", NULL, rb_id2name(id));
+        if (rb_str_equal(val, rb_default_rs)) {
+            val = rb_default_rs;
+        }
+        else {
+            val = rb_str_frozen_bare_string(val);
+        }
     }
     *var = val;
 }
@@ -9282,6 +9320,11 @@ rb_io_open_descriptor(VALUE klass, int descriptor, int mode, VALUE path, VALUE t
 
     io->timeout = timeout;
 
+    ccan_list_head_init(&io->blocking_operations);
+    io->closing_ec = NULL;
+    io->wakeup_mutex = Qnil;
+    io->fork_generation = GET_VM()->fork_gen;
+
     if (encoding) {
         io->encs = *encoding;
     }
@@ -9292,7 +9335,7 @@ rb_io_open_descriptor(VALUE klass, int descriptor, int mode, VALUE path, VALUE t
 }
 
 static VALUE
-prep_io(int fd, int fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path)
+prep_io(int fd, enum rb_io_mode fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path)
 {
     VALUE path_value = Qnil;
     rb_encoding *e;
@@ -9338,7 +9381,7 @@ rb_io_fdopen(int fd, int oflags, const char *path)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-prep_stdio(FILE *f, int fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path)
+prep_stdio(FILE *f, enum rb_io_mode fmode, VALUE klass, const char *path)
 {
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     VALUE io = prep_io(fileno(f), fmode|FMODE_EXTERNAL|DEFAULT_TEXTMODE, klass, path);
@@ -9421,6 +9464,10 @@ rb_io_fptr_new(void)
     fp->encs.ecopts = Qnil;
     fp->write_lock = Qnil;
     fp->timeout = Qnil;
+    ccan_list_head_init(&fp->blocking_operations);
+    fp->closing_ec = NULL;
+    fp->wakeup_mutex = Qnil;
+    fp->fork_generation = GET_VM()->fork_gen;
     return fp;
 }
 
@@ -9462,7 +9509,8 @@ static VALUE io_initialize(VALUE io, VALUE fnum, VALUE vmode, VALUE opt);
  *  The new \IO object does not inherit encoding
  *  (because the integer file descriptor does not have an encoding):
  *
- *    fd = IO.sysopen('t.rus', 'rb')
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    fd = IO.sysopen('t.ja', 'rb')
  *    io = IO.new(fd)
  *    io.external_encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8> # Not ASCII-8BIT.
  *
@@ -9498,7 +9546,8 @@ static VALUE
 io_initialize(VALUE io, VALUE fnum, VALUE vmode, VALUE opt)
 {
     rb_io_t *fp;
-    int fd, fmode, oflags = O_RDONLY;
+    int fd, oflags = O_RDONLY;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
     struct rb_io_encoding convconfig;
 #if defined(HAVE_FCNTL) && defined(F_GETFL)
     int ofmode;
@@ -9550,6 +9599,10 @@ io_initialize(VALUE io, VALUE fnum, VALUE vmode, VALUE opt)
     fp->encs = convconfig;
     fp->pathv = path;
     fp->timeout = Qnil;
+    ccan_list_head_init(&fp->blocking_operations);
+    fp->closing_ec = NULL;
+    fp->wakeup_mutex = Qnil;
+    fp->fork_generation = GET_VM()->fork_gen;
     clear_codeconv(fp);
     io_check_tty(fp);
     if (fileno(stdin) == fd)
@@ -9779,7 +9832,7 @@ io_wait_readable(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     rb_io_t *fptr;
 
     RB_IO_POINTER(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
+    rb_io_check_char_readable(fptr);
 
     if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) return Qtrue;
 
@@ -9826,7 +9879,7 @@ io_wait_priority(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     rb_io_t *fptr = NULL;
 
     RB_IO_POINTER(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
+    rb_io_check_char_readable(fptr);
 
     if (rb_io_read_pending(fptr)) return Qtrue;
 
@@ -9883,7 +9936,7 @@ io_event_from_value(VALUE value)
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   io.wait(events, timeout) -> event mask, false or nil
- *   io.wait(timeout = nil, mode = :read) -> self, true, or false
+ *   io.wait(*event_symbols[, timeout]) -> self, true, or false
  *
  * Waits until the IO becomes ready for the specified events and returns the
  * subset of events that become ready, or a falsy value when times out.
@@ -9891,10 +9944,14 @@ io_event_from_value(VALUE value)
  * The events can be a bit mask of +IO::READABLE+, +IO::WRITABLE+ or
  * +IO::PRIORITY+.
  *
- * Returns an event mask (truthy value) immediately when buffered data is available.
+ * Returns an event mask (truthy value) immediately when buffered data is
+ * available.
  *
- * Optional parameter +mode+ is one of +:read+, +:write+, or
- * +:read_write+.
+ * The second form: if one or more event symbols (+:read+, +:write+, or
+ * +:read_write+) are passed, the event mask is the bit OR of the bitmask
+ * corresponding to those symbols.  In this form, +timeout+ is optional, the
+ * order of the arguments is arbitrary, and returns +io+ if any of the
+ * events is ready.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -9904,10 +9961,6 @@ io_wait(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     enum rb_io_event events = 0;
     int return_io = 0;
 
-    // The documented signature for this method is actually incorrect.
-    // A single timeout is allowed in any position, and multiple symbols can be given.
-    // Whether this is intentional or not, I don't know, and as such I consider this to
-    // be a legacy/slow path.
     if (argc != 2 || (RB_SYMBOL_P(argv[0]) || RB_SYMBOL_P(argv[1]))) {
         // We'd prefer to return the actual mask, but this form would return the io itself:
         return_io = 1;
@@ -9953,14 +10006,14 @@ io_wait(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
 }
 
 static void
-argf_mark(void *ptr)
+argf_mark_and_move(void *ptr)
 {
     struct argf *p = ptr;
-    rb_gc_mark(p->filename);
-    rb_gc_mark(p->current_file);
-    rb_gc_mark(p->argv);
-    rb_gc_mark(p->inplace);
-    rb_gc_mark(p->encs.ecopts);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->filename);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->current_file);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->argv);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->inplace);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->encs.ecopts);
 }
 
 static size_t
@@ -9973,17 +10026,17 @@ argf_memsize(const void *ptr)
 
 static const rb_data_type_t argf_type = {
     "ARGF",
-    {argf_mark, RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, argf_memsize},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    {argf_mark_and_move, RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, argf_memsize, argf_mark_and_move},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
 static inline void
-argf_init(struct argf *p, VALUE v)
+argf_init(VALUE argf, struct argf *p, VALUE v)
 {
     p->filename = Qnil;
     p->current_file = Qnil;
     p->lineno = 0;
-    p->argv = v;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(argf, &p->argv, v);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -9992,7 +10045,7 @@ argf_alloc(VALUE klass)
     struct argf *p;
     VALUE argf = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct argf, &argf_type, p);
 
-    argf_init(p, Qnil);
+    argf_init(argf, p, Qnil);
     return argf;
 }
 
@@ -10003,7 +10056,7 @@ static VALUE
 argf_initialize(VALUE argf, VALUE argv)
 {
     memset(&ARGF, 0, sizeof(ARGF));
-    argf_init(&ARGF, argv);
+    argf_init(argf, &ARGF, argv);
 
     return argf;
 }
@@ -10014,7 +10067,8 @@ argf_initialize_copy(VALUE argf, VALUE orig)
 {
     if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(argf, orig)) return argf;
     ARGF = argf_of(orig);
-    ARGF.argv = rb_obj_dup(ARGF.argv);
+    rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(argf);
+    ARGF_SET(argv, rb_obj_dup(ARGF.argv));
     return argf;
 }
 
@@ -10099,7 +10153,7 @@ argf_next_argv(VALUE argf)
     char *fn;
     rb_io_t *fptr;
     int stdout_binmode = 0;
-    int fmode;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode;
 
     VALUE r_stdout = rb_ractor_stdout();
 
@@ -10133,11 +10187,11 @@ argf_next_argv(VALUE argf)
         if (RARRAY_LEN(ARGF.argv) > 0) {
             VALUE filename = rb_ary_shift(ARGF.argv);
             FilePathValue(filename);
-            ARGF.filename = filename;
+            ARGF_SET(filename, filename);
             filename = rb_str_encode_ospath(filename);
             fn = StringValueCStr(filename);
             if (RSTRING_LEN(filename) == 1 && fn[0] == '-') {
-                ARGF.current_file = rb_stdin;
+                ARGF_SET(current_file, rb_stdin);
                 if (ARGF.inplace) {
                     rb_warn("Can't do inplace edit for stdio; skipping");
                     goto retry;
@@ -10232,7 +10286,7 @@ argf_next_argv(VALUE argf)
                 if (!ARGF.binmode) {
                     fmode |= DEFAULT_TEXTMODE;
                 }
-                ARGF.current_file = prep_io(fr, fmode, rb_cFile, fn);
+                ARGF_SET(current_file, prep_io(fr, fmode, rb_cFile, fn));
                 if (!NIL_P(write_io)) {
                     rb_io_set_write_io(ARGF.current_file, write_io);
                 }
@@ -10261,8 +10315,8 @@ argf_next_argv(VALUE argf)
         }
     }
     else if (ARGF.next_p == -1) {
-        ARGF.current_file = rb_stdin;
-        ARGF.filename = rb_str_new2("-");
+        ARGF_SET(current_file, rb_stdin);
+        ARGF_SET(filename, rb_str_new2("-"));
         if (ARGF.inplace) {
             rb_warn("Can't do inplace edit for stdio");
             rb_ractor_stdout_set(orig_stdout);
@@ -10604,14 +10658,14 @@ argf_readlines(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE argf)
  *  sets global variable <tt>$?</tt> to the process status.
  *
  *  This method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
+ *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:security/command_injection.rdoc].
  *
  *  Examples:
  *
  *    $ `date`                 # => "Wed Apr  9 08:56:30 CDT 2003\n"
  *    $ `echo oops && exit 99` # => "oops\n"
  *    $ $?                     # => #<Process::Status: pid 17088 exit 99>
- *    $ $?.status              # => 99>
+ *    $ $?.exitstatus          # => 99
  *
  *  The built-in syntax <tt>%x{...}</tt> uses this method.
  *
@@ -10715,9 +10769,9 @@ select_internal(VALUE read, VALUE write, VALUE except, struct timeval *tp, rb_fd
     if (!pending && n == 0) return Qnil; /* returns nil on timeout */
 
     res = rb_ary_new2(3);
-    rb_ary_push(res, rp?rb_ary_new():rb_ary_new2(0));
-    rb_ary_push(res, wp?rb_ary_new():rb_ary_new2(0));
-    rb_ary_push(res, ep?rb_ary_new():rb_ary_new2(0));
+    rb_ary_push(res, rp ? rb_ary_new_capa(RARRAY_LEN(read)) : rb_ary_new());
+    rb_ary_push(res, wp ? rb_ary_new_capa(RARRAY_LEN(write)) : rb_ary_new());
+    rb_ary_push(res, ep ? rb_ary_new_capa(RARRAY_LEN(except)) : rb_ary_new());
 
     if (rp) {
         list = RARRAY_AREF(res, 0);
@@ -10905,7 +10959,7 @@ advice_arg_check(VALUE advice)
  *    advise(advice, offset = 0, len = 0) -> nil
  *
  *  Invokes Posix system call
- *  {posix_fadvise(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/posix_fadvise],
+ *  {posix_fadvise(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/posix_fadvise.2.html],
  *  which announces an intention to access data from the current file
  *  in a particular manner.
  *
@@ -10957,11 +11011,21 @@ rb_io_advise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
 #endif
 }
 
+static int
+is_pos_inf(VALUE x)
+{
+    double f;
+    if (!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return 0;
+    f = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
+    return isinf(f) && 0 < f;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    IO.select(read_ios, write_ios = [], error_ios = [], timeout = nil) -> array or nil
  *
- *  Invokes system call {select(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/select],
+ *  Invokes system call {select(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/select.2.html],
  *  which monitors multiple file descriptors,
  *  waiting until one or more of the file descriptors
  *  becomes ready for some class of I/O operation.
@@ -10973,6 +11037,8 @@ rb_io_advise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *
  *  Argument +timeout+ is a numeric value (such as integer or float) timeout
  *  interval in seconds.
+ *  +timeout+ can also be +nil+ or +Float::INFINITY+.
+ *  +nil+ and +Float::INFINITY+ means no timeout.
  *
  *  The method monitors the \IO objects given in all three arrays,
  *  waiting for some to be ready;
@@ -11046,7 +11112,7 @@ rb_io_advise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *  Finally, Linux kernel developers don't guarantee that
  *  readability of select(2) means readability of following read(2) even
  *  for a single process;
- *  see {select(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/select]
+ *  see {select(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/select.2.html]
  *
  *  Invoking \IO.select before IO#readpartial works well as usual.
  *  However it is not the best way to use \IO.select.
@@ -11123,7 +11189,7 @@ rb_f_select(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     int i;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &args.read, &args.write, &args.except, &timeout);
-    if (NIL_P(timeout)) {
+    if (NIL_P(timeout) || is_pos_inf(timeout)) {
         args.timeout = 0;
     }
     else {
@@ -11440,7 +11506,7 @@ rb_ioctl(VALUE io, VALUE req, VALUE arg)
  *  call-seq:
  *    ioctl(integer_cmd, argument) -> integer
  *
- *  Invokes Posix system call {ioctl(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/ioctl],
+ *  Invokes Posix system call {ioctl(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ioctl.2.html],
  *  which issues a low-level command to an I/O device.
  *
  *  Issues a low-level command to an I/O device.
@@ -11529,7 +11595,7 @@ rb_fcntl(VALUE io, VALUE req, VALUE arg)
  *  call-seq:
  *    fcntl(integer_cmd, argument) -> integer
  *
- *  Invokes Posix system call {fcntl(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/fcntl],
+ *  Invokes Posix system call {fcntl(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fcntl.2.html],
  *  which provides a mechanism for issuing low-level commands to control or query
  *  a file-oriented I/O stream. Arguments and results are platform
  *  dependent.
@@ -11559,7 +11625,7 @@ rb_io_fcntl(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *  call-seq:
  *    syscall(integer_callno, *arguments)   -> integer
  *
- *  Invokes Posix system call {syscall(2)}[https://linux.die.net/man/2/syscall],
+ *  Invokes Posix system call {syscall(2)}[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/syscall.2.html],
  *  which calls a specified function.
  *
  *  Calls the operating system function identified by +integer_callno+;
@@ -11869,7 +11935,7 @@ rb_io_s_pipe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE opt;
     rb_io_t *fptr, *fptr2;
     struct io_encoding_set_args ies_args;
-    int fmode = 0;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = 0;
     VALUE ret;
 
     argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02:", &v1, &v2, &opt);
@@ -12004,10 +12070,6 @@ io_s_foreach(VALUE v)
  *
  *  Calls the block with each successive line read from the stream.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  *  The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
  *
  *  With only argument +path+ given, parses lines from the file at the given +path+,
@@ -12107,10 +12169,6 @@ io_s_readlines(VALUE v)
  *
  *  Returns an array of all lines read from the stream.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  *  The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
  *
  *  With only argument +path+ given, parses lines from the file at the given +path+,
@@ -12196,17 +12254,17 @@ seek_before_access(VALUE argp)
  *  Opens the stream, reads and returns some or all of its content,
  *  and closes the stream; returns +nil+ if no bytes were read.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  *  The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
  *
  *  With only argument +path+ given, reads in text mode and returns the entire content
  *  of the file at the given path:
  *
- *    IO.read('t.txt')
- *    # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nThird line\nFourth line\n"
+ *    File.read('t.txt')
+ *    # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+ *    File.read('t.ja')
+ *    # => "こんにちは"
+ *    File.read('t.dat')
+ *    # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
  *
  *  On Windows, text mode can terminate reading and leave bytes in the file
  *  unread when encountering certain special bytes. Consider using
@@ -12214,15 +12272,36 @@ seek_before_access(VALUE argp)
  *
  *  With argument +length+, returns +length+ bytes if available:
  *
- *    IO.read('t.txt', 7) # => "First l"
- *    IO.read('t.txt', 700)
+ *    File.read('t.txt', 7)
+ *    # => "First l"
+ *    File.read('t.ja', 7)
+ *    # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3"
+ *    File.read('t.dat', 7)
+ *    # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99"
+ *
+ *  Returns all bytes if +length+ is larger than the files size:
+ *
+ *    File.read('t.txt', 700)
  *    # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFourth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+ *    File.read('t.ja', 700)
+ *    # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+ *    File.read('t.dat', 700)
+ *    # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
  *
  *  With arguments +length+ and +offset+, returns +length+ bytes
  *  if available, beginning at the given +offset+:
  *
- *    IO.read('t.txt', 10, 2)   # => "rst line\nS"
- *    IO.read('t.txt', 10, 200) # => nil
+ *    File.read('t.txt', 10, 2)
+ *    # => "rst line\r\n"
+ *    File.read('t.ja', 10, 2)
+ *    # => "\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1"
+ *    File.read('t.dat', 10, 2)
+ *    # => "\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +offset+ is past the end of the stream:
+ *
+ *    File.read('t.txt', 10, 200)
+ *    # => nil
  *
  *  Optional keyword arguments +opts+ specify:
  *
@@ -12267,10 +12346,6 @@ rb_io_s_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *  Behaves like IO.read, except that the stream is opened in binary mode
  *  with ASCII-8BIT encoding.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -12278,8 +12353,8 @@ rb_io_s_binread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
 {
     VALUE offset;
     struct foreach_arg arg;
+    enum rb_io_mode fmode = FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_BINMODE;
     enum {
-        fmode = FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_BINMODE,
         oflags = O_RDONLY
 #ifdef O_BINARY
                 |O_BINARY
@@ -12366,40 +12441,50 @@ io_s_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass, int binary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    IO.write(path, data, offset = 0, **opts)    -> integer
+ *    IO.write(path, data, offset = 0, **opts) -> nonnegative_integer
  *
  *  Opens the stream, writes the given +data+ to it,
  *  and closes the stream; returns the number of bytes written.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  *  The first argument must be a string that is the path to a file.
  *
- *  With only argument +path+ given, writes the given +data+ to the file at that path:
+ *  With only arguments +path+ and +data+ given,
+ *  writes the given data to the file at that path:
  *
- *    IO.write('t.tmp', 'abc')    # => 3
- *    File.read('t.tmp')          # => "abc"
+ *    path = 't.tmp'
+ *    File.write(path, "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n") # => 47
+ *    File.write(path, 'こんにちは')                                             # => 15
+ *    File.write(path, "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94")     # => 12
+ *
+ *  When +offset+ is zero (the default), the entire file content is overwritten:
  *
- *  If +offset+ is zero (the default), the file is overwritten:
+ *    File.read(path) # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
+ *    File.write(path, 'foo')
+ *    File.read(path) # => "foo"
  *
- *    IO.write('t.tmp', 'A')      # => 1
- *    File.read('t.tmp')          # => "A"
+ *  When +offset+ in within the file content, the file content is partly overwritten,
+ *  beginning at byte +offset+:
  *
- *  If +offset+ in within the file content, the file is partly overwritten:
+ *    File.write(path, "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n")
+ *    File.write(path, 'LINE', 6)
+ *    File.read(path) # => "First LINE\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
  *
- *    IO.write('t.tmp', 'abcdef') # => 3
- *    File.read('t.tmp')          # => "abcdef"
- *    # Offset within content.
- *    IO.write('t.tmp', '012', 2) # => 3
- *    File.read('t.tmp')          # => "ab012f"
+ *  When the file contains multi-byte characters,
+ *  the effect of writing may disturb some characters:
+ *
+ *    File.write(path, "こんにちは")
+ *    File.write(path, 'FOO', 3)  # Replace one 3-byte character.
+ *    File.read(path) # => "こFOOにちは"
+ *    File.write(path, 'BAR', 7)  # Replace bytes in two different 3-byte characters.
+ *    File.read(path) # => "こFOO\xE3BAR\x81\xA1は"
  *
  *  If +offset+ is outside the file content,
  *  the file is padded with null characters <tt>"\u0000"</tt>:
  *
- *    IO.write('t.tmp', 'xyz', 10) # => 3
- *    File.read('t.tmp')           # => "ab012f\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000xyz"
+ *    File.write(path, "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n")
+ *    File.write(path, 'FOO', 55)
+ *    File.read(path)
+ *    # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n\u0000\u0000\u0000FOO"
  *
  *  Optional keyword arguments +opts+ specify:
  *
@@ -12416,15 +12501,11 @@ rb_io_s_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    IO.binwrite(path, string, offset = 0)    -> integer
+ *    IO.binwrite(path, string, offset = 0, **opts)    -> integer
  *
  *  Behaves like IO.write, except that the stream is opened in binary mode
  *  with ASCII-8BIT encoding.
  *
- *  When called from class \IO (but not subclasses of \IO),
- *  this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input;
- *  see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc].
- *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -13643,6 +13724,7 @@ argf_set_encoding(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE argf)
     rb_io_set_encoding(argc, argv, ARGF.current_file);
     GetOpenFile(ARGF.current_file, fptr);
     ARGF.encs = fptr->encs;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(argf, Qundef, ARGF.encs.ecopts);
     return argf;
 }
 
@@ -14575,7 +14657,7 @@ argf_inplace_mode_set(VALUE argf, VALUE val)
         ARGF.inplace = Qnil;
     }
     else {
-        ARGF.inplace = rb_str_new_frozen(val);
+        ARGF_SET(inplace, rb_str_new_frozen(val));
     }
     return argf;
 }
@@ -14589,7 +14671,7 @@ opt_i_set(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
 void
 ruby_set_inplace_mode(const char *suffix)
 {
-    ARGF.inplace = !suffix ? Qfalse : !*suffix ? Qnil : rb_str_new(suffix, strlen(suffix));
+    ARGF_SET(inplace, !suffix ? Qfalse : !*suffix ? Qnil : rb_str_new(suffix, strlen(suffix)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -14849,7 +14931,7 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  * - \File +t.rb+:
  *
  *     p "ARGV: #{ARGV}"
- *     p "Line: #{ARGF.read}" # Read everything from all specified streams.
+ *     p "Read: #{ARGF.read}" # Read everything from all specified streams.
  *
  * - Command and output:
  *
@@ -14923,9 +15005,7 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  *     ["ARGV", ["-"]]
  *     ["ARGF.read", "Open the pod bay doors, Hal.\n"]
  *
- * When no character <tt>'-'</tt> is given, stream <tt>$stdin</tt> is ignored
- * (exception:
- * see {Specifying $stdin in ARGV}[rdoc-ref:ARGF@Specifying+-24stdin+in+ARGV]):
+ * When no character <tt>'-'</tt> is given, stream <tt>$stdin</tt> is ignored.
  *
  * - Command and output:
  *
@@ -15040,7 +15120,7 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  *  Like a File stream, an \IO stream has:
  *
  *  - A read/write mode, which may be read-only, write-only, or read/write;
- *    see {Read/Write Mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Read-2FWrite+Mode].
+ *    see {Read/Write Mode}[rdoc-ref:File@ReadWrite+Mode].
  *  - A data mode, which may be text-only or binary;
  *    see {Data Mode}[rdoc-ref:File@Data+Mode].
  *  - Internal and external encodings;
@@ -15084,7 +15164,7 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  *  - +:binmode+: If a truthy value, specifies the mode as binary, text-only otherwise.
  *  - +:autoclose+: If a truthy value, specifies that the +fd+ will close
  *    when the stream closes; otherwise it remains open.
- *  - +:path:+ If a string value is provided, it is used in #inspect and is available as
+ *  - +:path+: If a string value is provided, it is used in #inspect and is available as
  *    #path method.
  *
  *  Also available are the options offered in String#encode,
@@ -15281,11 +15361,13 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  *    File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(11) } # => "First line\n"
  *    File.open('t.txt') {|f| f.gets(12) } # => "First line\n"
  *
- *    # Text with 2-byte characters, which will not be split.
- *    File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(1).size } # => 1
- *    File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(2).size } # => 1
- *    File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(3).size } # => 2
- *    File.open('t.rus') {|f| f.gets(4).size } # => 2
+ *    # Text with 3-byte characters, which will not be split.
+ *    File.read('t.ja') # => "こんにちは"
+ *    File.open('t.ja') {|f| f.gets(1).size }      # => 1
+ *    File.open('t.ja') {|f| f.gets(2).size }      # => 1
+ *    File.open('t.ja') {|f| f.gets(3).size }      # => 1
+ *    File.open('t.ja') {|f| f.gets(4).size }      # => 2
+ *    File.open('t.ja') {|f| f.gets(5).size }      # => 2
  *
  *  ===== Line Separator and Line Limit
  *
@@ -15436,8 +15518,8 @@ set_LAST_READ_LINE(VALUE val, ID _x, VALUE *_y)
  *
  *  First, what's elsewhere. Class \IO:
  *
- *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
+ *  - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+ *  - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Whats+Here],
  *    which provides dozens of additional methods.
  *
  *  Here, class \IO provides methods that are useful for:
@@ -15701,18 +15783,21 @@ Init_IO(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "initialize", rb_io_initialize, -1);
 
     rb_output_fs = Qnil;
-    rb_define_hooked_variable("$,", &rb_output_fs, 0, deprecated_str_setter);
+    rb_define_hooked_variable("$,", &rb_output_fs, 0, rb_deprecated_str_setter);
 
     rb_default_rs = rb_fstring_lit("\n"); /* avoid modifying RS_default */
     rb_vm_register_global_object(rb_default_rs);
     rb_rs = rb_default_rs;
     rb_output_rs = Qnil;
-    rb_define_hooked_variable("$/", &rb_rs, 0, deprecated_str_setter);
-    rb_define_hooked_variable("$-0", &rb_rs, 0, deprecated_str_setter);
-    rb_define_hooked_variable("$\\", &rb_output_rs, 0, deprecated_str_setter);
+    rb_define_hooked_variable("$/", &rb_rs, 0, deprecated_rs_setter);
+    rb_gvar_ractor_local("$/"); // not local but ractor safe
+    rb_define_hooked_variable("$-0", &rb_rs, 0, deprecated_rs_setter);
+    rb_gvar_ractor_local("$-0"); // not local but ractor safe
+    rb_define_hooked_variable("$\\", &rb_output_rs, 0, rb_deprecated_str_setter);
 
     rb_define_virtual_variable("$_", get_LAST_READ_LINE, set_LAST_READ_LINE);
     rb_gvar_ractor_local("$_");
+    rb_gvar_box_dynamic("$_");
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "initialize_copy", rb_io_init_copy, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "reopen", rb_io_reopen, -1);
@@ -15934,7 +16019,7 @@ Init_IO(void)
 
     rb_define_hooked_variable("$.", &argf, argf_lineno_getter, argf_lineno_setter);
     rb_define_hooked_variable("$FILENAME", &argf, argf_filename_getter, rb_gvar_readonly_setter);
-    ARGF.filename = rb_str_new2("-");
+    ARGF_SET(filename, rb_str_new2("-"));
 
     rb_define_hooked_variable("$-i", &argf, opt_i_get, opt_i_set);
     rb_gvar_ractor_local("$-i");
diff --git a/io_buffer.c b/io_buffer.c
index a4b7d30018..faa5304248 100644
--- a/io_buffer.c
+++ b/io_buffer.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ size_t RUBY_IO_BUFFER_DEFAULT_SIZE;
 
 enum {
     RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_DEFAULT_WIDTH = 16,
+    RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH = 1024,
 
     RB_IO_BUFFER_INSPECT_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_SIZE = 256,
     RB_IO_BUFFER_INSPECT_HEXDUMP_WIDTH = 16,
@@ -272,14 +273,36 @@ io_buffer_free(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer)
 #endif
 }
 
-void
+static void
 rb_io_buffer_type_mark(void *_buffer)
 {
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer;
-    rb_gc_mark(buffer->source);
+    if (buffer->source != Qnil) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(buffer->source, T_STRING)) {
+            // The `source` String has to be pinned, because the `base` may point to the embedded String content,
+            // which can be otherwise moved by GC compaction.
+            rb_gc_mark(buffer->source);
+        } else {
+            rb_gc_mark_movable(buffer->source);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-void
+static void
+rb_io_buffer_type_compact(void *_buffer)
+{
+    struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer;
+    if (buffer->source != Qnil) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(buffer->source, T_STRING)) {
+            // The `source` String has to be pinned, because the `base` may point to the embedded String content,
+            // which can be otherwise moved by GC compaction.
+        } else {
+            buffer->source = rb_gc_location(buffer->source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
 rb_io_buffer_type_free(void *_buffer)
 {
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer;
@@ -287,7 +310,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_type_free(void *_buffer)
     io_buffer_free(buffer);
 }
 
-size_t
+static size_t
 rb_io_buffer_type_size(const void *_buffer)
 {
     const struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer;
@@ -306,6 +329,7 @@ static const rb_data_type_t rb_io_buffer_type = {
         .dmark = rb_io_buffer_type_mark,
         .dfree = rb_io_buffer_type_free,
         .dsize = rb_io_buffer_type_size,
+        .dcompact = rb_io_buffer_type_compact,
     },
     .data = NULL,
     .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE,
@@ -361,7 +385,7 @@ io_buffer_extract_size(VALUE argument)
 }
 
 // Extract a width argument, which must be a non-negative integer, and must be
-// at least the given minimum.
+// at least the given minimum and at most RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH.
 static inline size_t
 io_buffer_extract_width(VALUE argument, size_t minimum)
 {
@@ -375,6 +399,10 @@ io_buffer_extract_width(VALUE argument, size_t minimum)
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Width must be at least %" PRIuSIZE "!", minimum);
     }
 
+    if (width > RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Width must be at most %" PRIuSIZE "!", (size_t)RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH);
+    }
+
     return width;
 }
 
@@ -456,6 +484,8 @@ io_buffer_extract_offset_length(VALUE self, int argc, VALUE argv[], size_t *offs
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_type_allocate(VALUE self)
 {
+    io_buffer_experimental();
+
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL;
     VALUE instance = TypedData_Make_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer);
 
@@ -498,7 +528,9 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance(VALUE _arguments)
 
     arguments->instance = io_buffer_for_make_instance(arguments->klass, arguments->string, arguments->flags);
 
-    rb_str_locktmp(arguments->string);
+    if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(arguments->string)) {
+        rb_str_locktmp(arguments->string);
+    }
 
     return rb_yield(arguments->instance);
 }
@@ -512,7 +544,9 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance_ensure(VALUE _arguments)
         rb_io_buffer_free(arguments->instance);
     }
 
-    rb_str_unlocktmp(arguments->string);
+    if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(arguments->string)) {
+        rb_str_unlocktmp(arguments->string);
+    }
 
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -542,7 +576,7 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance_ensure(VALUE _arguments)
  *    buffer.get_string(0, 1)
  *    # => "t"
  *    string
- *    # => "best"
+ *    # => "test"
  *
  *    buffer.resize(100)
  *    # in `resize': Cannot resize external buffer! (IO::Buffer::AccessError)
@@ -622,8 +656,6 @@ rb_io_buffer_new(void *base, size_t size, enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags)
 {
-    io_buffer_experimental();
-
     VALUE instance = rb_io_buffer_type_allocate(rb_cIOBuffer);
 
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL;
@@ -640,18 +672,25 @@ rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags
  *  call-seq: IO::Buffer.map(file, [size, [offset, [flags]]]) -> io_buffer
  *
  *  Create an IO::Buffer for reading from +file+ by memory-mapping the file.
- *  +file_io+ should be a +File+ instance, opened for reading.
+ *  +file+ should be a +File+ instance, opened for reading or reading and writing.
  *
  *  Optional +size+ and +offset+ of mapping can be specified.
+ *  Trying to map an empty file or specify +size+ of 0 will raise an error.
+ *  Valid values for +offset+ are system-dependent.
+ *
+ *  By default, the buffer is writable and expects the file to be writable.
+ *  It is also shared, so several processes can use the same mapping.
  *
- *  By default, the buffer would be immutable (read only); to create a writable
- *  mapping, you need to open a file in read-write mode, and explicitly pass
- *  +flags+ argument without IO::Buffer::IMMUTABLE.
+ *  You can pass IO::Buffer::READONLY in +flags+ argument to make a read-only buffer;
+ *  this allows to work with files opened only for reading.
+ *  Specifying IO::Buffer::PRIVATE in +flags+ creates a private mapping,
+ *  which will not impact other processes or the underlying file.
+ *  It also allows updating a buffer created from a read-only file.
  *
  *    File.write('test.txt', 'test')
  *
  *    buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt'), nil, 0, IO::Buffer::READONLY)
- *    # => #<IO::Buffer 0x00000001014a0000+4 MAPPED READONLY>
+ *    # => #<IO::Buffer 0x00000001014a0000+4 EXTERNAL MAPPED FILE SHARED READONLY>
  *
  *    buffer.readonly?   # => true
  *
@@ -659,7 +698,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags
  *    # => "test"
  *
  *    buffer.set_string('b', 0)
- *    # `set_string': Buffer is not writable! (IO::Buffer::AccessError)
+ *    # 'IO::Buffer#set_string': Buffer is not writable! (IO::Buffer::AccessError)
  *
  *    # create read/write mapping: length 4 bytes, offset 0, flags 0
  *    buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt', 'r+'), 4, 0)
@@ -681,31 +720,48 @@ io_buffer_map(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     // We might like to handle a string path?
     VALUE io = argv[0];
 
+    rb_off_t file_size = rb_file_size(io);
+    // Compiler can confirm that we handled file_size <= 0 case:
+    if (UNLIKELY(file_size <= 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid negative or zero file size!");
+    }
+    // Here, we assume that file_size is positive:
+    else if (UNLIKELY((uintmax_t)file_size > SIZE_MAX)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "File larger than address space!");
+    }
+
     size_t size;
     if (argc >= 2 && !RB_NIL_P(argv[1])) {
         size = io_buffer_extract_size(argv[1]);
-    }
-    else {
-        rb_off_t file_size = rb_file_size(io);
-
-        // Compiler can confirm that we handled file_size < 0 case:
-        if (file_size < 0) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid negative file size!");
-        }
-        // Here, we assume that file_size is positive:
-        else if ((uintmax_t)file_size > SIZE_MAX) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "File larger than address space!");
+        if (UNLIKELY(size == 0)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Size can't be zero!");
         }
-        else {
-            // This conversion should be safe:
-            size = (size_t)file_size;
+        if (UNLIKELY(size > (size_t)file_size)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Size can't be larger than file size!");
         }
     }
+    else {
+        // This conversion should be safe:
+        size = (size_t)file_size;
+    }
 
     // This is the file offset, not the buffer offset:
     rb_off_t offset = 0;
     if (argc >= 3) {
         offset = NUM2OFFT(argv[2]);
+        if (UNLIKELY(offset < 0)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset can't be negative!");
+        }
+        if (UNLIKELY(offset >= file_size)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset too large!");
+        }
+        if (RB_NIL_P(argv[1])) {
+            // Decrease size if it's set from the actual file size:
+            size = (size_t)(file_size - offset);
+        }
+        else if (UNLIKELY((size_t)(file_size - offset) < size)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset too large!");
+        }
     }
 
     enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags = 0;
@@ -754,8 +810,6 @@ io_flags_for_size(size_t size)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    io_buffer_experimental();
-
     rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 2);
 
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL;
@@ -1375,6 +1429,17 @@ rb_io_buffer_try_unlock(VALUE self)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_io_buffer_locked_ensure(VALUE self)
+{
+    struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer);
+
+    buffer->flags &= ~RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED;
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq: locked { ... }
  *
@@ -1417,11 +1482,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_locked(VALUE self)
 
     buffer->flags |= RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED;
 
-    VALUE result = rb_yield(self);
-
-    buffer->flags &= ~RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED;
-
-    return result;
+    return rb_ensure(rb_yield, self, rb_io_buffer_locked_ensure, self);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1432,7 +1493,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_locked(VALUE self)
  *  * for a buffer created from scratch: free memory.
  *  * for a buffer created from string: undo the association.
  *
- *  After the buffer is freed, no further operations can't be performed on it.
+ *  After the buffer is freed, no further operations can be performed on it.
  *
  *  You can resize a freed buffer to re-allocate it.
  *
@@ -1475,13 +1536,19 @@ VALUE rb_io_buffer_free_locked(VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+static bool
+size_sum_is_bigger_than(size_t a, size_t b, size_t x)
+{
+    struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag size = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(a, b);
+    return size.overflowed || size.result > x;
+}
+
 // Validate that access to the buffer is within bounds, assuming you want to
 // access length bytes from the specified offset.
 static inline void
 io_buffer_validate_range(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, size_t length)
 {
-    // We assume here that offset + length won't overflow:
-    if (offset + length > buffer->size) {
+    if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, length, buffer->size)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Specified offset+length is bigger than the buffer size!");
     }
 }
@@ -1791,9 +1858,9 @@ rb_io_buffer_compare(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 }
 
 static void
-io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset)
+io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset, size_t extend)
 {
-    if (offset > size) {
+    if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, extend, size)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Type extends beyond end of buffer! (offset=%"PRIdSIZE" > size=%"PRIdSIZE")", offset, size);
     }
 }
@@ -1813,6 +1880,9 @@ io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset)
 // :u64, :U64 | unsigned 64-bit integer.
 // :s64, :S64 | signed 64-bit integer.
 //
+// :u128, :U128 | unsigned 128-bit integer.
+// :s128, :S128 | signed 128-bit integer.
+//
 // :f32, :F32 | 32-bit floating point number.
 // :f64, :F64 | 64-bit floating point number.
 
@@ -1844,13 +1914,53 @@ ruby_swapf64(double value)
     return swap.value;
 }
 
+// Structures and conversion functions are now in numeric.h/numeric.c
+// Unified swap function for 128-bit integers (works with both signed and unsigned)
+// Since both rb_uint128_t and rb_int128_t have the same memory layout,
+// we can use a union to make the swap function work with both types
+static inline rb_uint128_t
+ruby_swap128_uint(rb_uint128_t x)
+{
+    rb_uint128_t result;
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap128)
+    result.value = __builtin_bswap128(x.value);
+#else
+    // Manual byte swap for 128-bit integers
+    uint64_t low = (uint64_t)x.value;
+    uint64_t high = (uint64_t)(x.value >> 64);
+    low = ruby_swap64(low);
+    high = ruby_swap64(high);
+    result.value = ((uint128_t)low << 64) | high;
+#endif
+#else
+    // Fallback swap function using two 64-bit integers
+    // For big-endian data on little-endian host (or vice versa):
+    // 1. Swap bytes within each 64-bit part
+    // 2. Swap the order of the parts (since big-endian stores high first, little-endian stores low first)
+    result.parts.low = ruby_swap64(x.parts.high);
+    result.parts.high = ruby_swap64(x.parts.low);
+#endif
+    return result;
+}
+
+static inline rb_int128_t
+ruby_swap128_int(rb_int128_t x)
+{
+    union uint128_int128_conversion conversion = {
+        .int128 = x
+    };
+    conversion.uint128 = ruby_swap128_uint(conversion.uint128);
+    return conversion.int128;
+}
+
 #define IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(name, type, endian, wrap, unwrap, swap) \
 static ID RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_##name; \
 \
 static VALUE \
 io_buffer_read_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset) \
 { \
-    io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset + sizeof(type)); \
+    io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset, sizeof(type)); \
     type value; \
     memcpy(&value, (char*)base + *offset, sizeof(type)); \
     if (endian != RB_IO_BUFFER_HOST_ENDIAN) value = swap(value); \
@@ -1861,7 +1971,7 @@ io_buffer_read_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset) \
 static void \
 io_buffer_write_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset, VALUE _value) \
 { \
-    io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset + sizeof(type)); \
+    io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset, sizeof(type)); \
     type value = unwrap(_value); \
     if (endian != RB_IO_BUFFER_HOST_ENDIAN) value = swap(value); \
     memcpy((char*)base + *offset, &value, sizeof(type)); \
@@ -1890,6 +2000,11 @@ IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(U64, uint64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, RB_ULL2NUM, RB_NU
 IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(s64, int64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, RB_LL2NUM, RB_NUM2LL, ruby_swap64)
 IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(S64, int64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, RB_LL2NUM, RB_NUM2LL, ruby_swap64)
 
+IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(u128, rb_uint128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, rb_uint128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_uint128, ruby_swap128_uint)
+IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(U128, rb_uint128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, rb_uint128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_uint128, ruby_swap128_uint)
+IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(s128, rb_int128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, rb_int128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_int128, ruby_swap128_int)
+IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(S128, rb_int128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, rb_int128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_int128, ruby_swap128_int)
+
 IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(f32, float, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf32)
 IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(F32, float, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf32)
 IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(f64, double, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf64)
@@ -1914,6 +2029,10 @@ io_buffer_buffer_type_size(ID buffer_type)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(U64)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(s64)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(S64)
+    IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(u128)
+    IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(U128)
+    IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(s128)
+    IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(S128)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(f32)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(F32)
     IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(f64)
@@ -1970,6 +2089,11 @@ rb_io_buffer_get_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of
     IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(s64)
     IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(S64)
 
+    IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(u128)
+    IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(U128)
+    IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(s128)
+    IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(S128)
+
     IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(f32)
     IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(F32)
     IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(f64)
@@ -1999,6 +2123,10 @@ rb_io_buffer_get_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of
  *  * +:U64+: unsigned integer, 8 bytes, big-endian
  *  * +:s64+: signed integer, 8 bytes, little-endian
  *  * +:S64+: signed integer, 8 bytes, big-endian
+ *  * +:u128+: unsigned integer, 16 bytes, little-endian
+ *  * +:U128+: unsigned integer, 16 bytes, big-endian
+ *  * +:s128+: signed integer, 16 bytes, little-endian
+ *  * +:S128+: signed integer, 16 bytes, big-endian
  *  * +:f32+: float, 4 bytes, little-endian
  *  * +:F32+: float, 4 bytes, big-endian
  *  * +:f64+: double, 8 bytes, little-endian
@@ -2180,7 +2308,7 @@ io_buffer_values(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    each_byte([offset, [count]]) {|offset, byte| ...} -> self
+ *    each_byte([offset, [count]]) {|byte| ...} -> self
  *    each_byte([offset, [count]]) -> enumerator
  *
  *  Iterates over the buffer, yielding each byte starting from +offset+.
@@ -2204,7 +2332,11 @@ io_buffer_each_byte(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(self, &base, &size);
 
     size_t offset, count;
-    io_buffer_extract_offset_count(RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_U8, size, argc-1, argv+1, &offset, &count);
+    io_buffer_extract_offset_count(RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_U8, size, argc, argv, &offset, &count);
+
+    if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, count, size)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Specified offset+count is bigger than the buffer size!");
+    }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         unsigned char *value = (unsigned char *)base + i + offset;
@@ -2236,6 +2368,11 @@ rb_io_buffer_set_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of
     IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(s64);
     IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(S64);
 
+    IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(u128);
+    IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(U128);
+    IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(s128);
+    IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(S128);
+
     IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(f32);
     IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(F32);
     IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(f64);
@@ -2366,7 +2503,7 @@ io_buffer_memmove(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, const void *source
 
     io_buffer_validate_range(buffer, offset, length);
 
-    if (source_offset + length > source_size) {
+    if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(source_offset, length, source_size)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "The computed source range exceeds the size of the source buffer!");
     }
 
@@ -2452,7 +2589,9 @@ rb_io_buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE source)
 
     io_buffer_initialize(self, buffer, NULL, source_size, io_flags_for_size(source_size), Qnil);
 
-    return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, 0, NULL);
+    VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, 0, NULL);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(source);
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2537,7 +2676,9 @@ io_buffer_copy(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     rb_io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(source, &source_base, &source_size);
 
-    return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1);
+    VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(source);
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2615,7 +2756,9 @@ io_buffer_set_string(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     const void *source_base = RSTRING_PTR(string);
     size_t source_size = RSTRING_LEN(string);
 
-    return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1);
+    VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(string);
+    return result;
 }
 
 void
@@ -2735,7 +2878,6 @@ io_buffer_blocking_region_ensure(VALUE _argument)
 static VALUE
 io_buffer_blocking_region(VALUE io, struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, rb_blocking_function_t *function, void *data)
 {
-    io = rb_io_get_io(io);
     struct rb_io *ioptr;
     RB_IO_POINTER(io, ioptr);
 
@@ -2800,6 +2942,8 @@ io_buffer_read_internal(void *_argument)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_read(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset)
 {
+    io = rb_io_get_io(io);
+
     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_read(scheduler, io, self, length, offset);
@@ -2917,6 +3061,8 @@ io_buffer_pread_internal(void *_argument)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_pread(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t offset)
 {
+    io = rb_io_get_io(io);
+
     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_pread(scheduler, io, from, self, length, offset);
@@ -3037,6 +3183,8 @@ io_buffer_write_internal(void *_argument)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_write(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset)
 {
+    io = rb_io_get_write_io(rb_io_get_io(io));
+
     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_write(scheduler, io, self, length, offset);
@@ -3101,6 +3249,7 @@ io_buffer_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     return rb_io_buffer_write(self, io, length, offset);
 }
+
 struct io_buffer_pwrite_internal_argument {
     // The file descriptor to write to:
     int descriptor;
@@ -3146,6 +3295,8 @@ io_buffer_pwrite_internal(void *_argument)
 VALUE
 rb_io_buffer_pwrite(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t offset)
 {
+    io = rb_io_get_write_io(rb_io_get_io(io));
+
     VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current();
     if (scheduler != Qnil) {
         VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_pwrite(scheduler, io, from, self, length, offset);
@@ -3227,14 +3378,14 @@ io_buffer_pwrite(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 }
 
 static inline void
-io_buffer_check_mask(const struct rb_io_buffer *buffer)
+io_buffer_check_mask_size(size_t size)
 {
-    if (buffer->size == 0)
+    if (size == 0)
         rb_raise(rb_eIOBufferMaskError, "Zero-length mask given!");
 }
 
 static void
-memory_and(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
+memory_and(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
 {
     for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) {
         output[offset] = base[offset] & mask[offset % mask_size];
@@ -3262,19 +3413,27 @@ io_buffer_and(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    const void *base;
+    size_t size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size);
+
+    const void *mask_base;
+    size_t mask_size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size);
+
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size);
 
-    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size));
+    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size));
     struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer);
 
-    memory_and(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size);
+    memory_and(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size);
 
     return output;
 }
 
 static void
-memory_or(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
+memory_or(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
 {
     for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) {
         output[offset] = base[offset] | mask[offset % mask_size];
@@ -3302,19 +3461,27 @@ io_buffer_or(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    const void *base;
+    size_t size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size);
+
+    const void *mask_base;
+    size_t mask_size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size);
 
-    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size));
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size);
+
+    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size));
     struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer);
 
-    memory_or(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size);
+    memory_or(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size);
 
     return output;
 }
 
 static void
-memory_xor(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
+memory_xor(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size)
 {
     for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) {
         output[offset] = base[offset] ^ mask[offset % mask_size];
@@ -3342,19 +3509,27 @@ io_buffer_xor(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    const void *base;
+    size_t size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size);
+
+    const void *mask_base;
+    size_t mask_size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size);
 
-    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size));
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size);
+
+    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size));
     struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer);
 
-    memory_xor(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size);
+    memory_xor(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size);
 
     return output;
 }
 
 static void
-memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size)
+memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size)
 {
     for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) {
         output[offset] = ~base[offset];
@@ -3365,7 +3540,7 @@ memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_
  *  call-seq:
  *    ~source -> io_buffer
  *
- *  Generate a new buffer the same size as the source by applying the binary NOT
+ *  Generate a new buffer the same size as the source by applying the unary NOT
  *  operation to the source.
  *
  *    ~IO::Buffer.for("1234567890")
@@ -3379,11 +3554,15 @@ io_buffer_not(VALUE self)
     struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer);
 
-    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size));
+    const void *base;
+    size_t size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size);
+
+    VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size));
     struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer);
 
-    memory_not(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size);
+    memory_not(output_buffer->base, base, size);
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -3439,7 +3618,7 @@ io_buffer_and_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size);
     io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer);
 
     void *base;
@@ -3485,7 +3664,7 @@ io_buffer_or_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size);
     io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer);
 
     void *base;
@@ -3531,7 +3710,7 @@ io_buffer_xor_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask)
     struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer);
 
-    io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer);
+    io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size);
     io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer);
 
     void *base;
@@ -3555,7 +3734,7 @@ memory_not_inplace(unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size)
  *  call-seq:
  *    source.not! -> io_buffer
  *
- *  Modify the source buffer in place by applying the binary NOT
+ *  Modify the source buffer in place by applying the unary NOT
  *  operation to the source.
  *
  *    source = IO::Buffer.for("1234567890").dup # Make a read/write copy.
@@ -3583,6 +3762,60 @@ io_buffer_not_inplace(VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+static size_t
+memory_bit_count(const unsigned char *base, size_t size)
+{
+    size_t count = 0;
+
+    // Process 8 bytes at a time for efficiency:
+    const uint64_t *base64 = (const uint64_t *)base;
+    size_t count64 = size / 8;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count64; i += 1) {
+        count += rb_popcount64(base64[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Process any remaining bytes:
+    size_t remaining = size % 8;
+    const unsigned char *tail = base + (count64 * 8);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining; i += 1) {
+        count += rb_popcount32(tail[i]);
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq: bit_count([offset, [length]]) -> integer
+ *
+ *  Returns the number of set bits (1s) in the buffer, also known as the
+ *  Hamming weight or population count. An optional +offset+ and +length+
+ *  can be provided to count bits in a subrange of the buffer.
+ *
+ *    IO::Buffer.for("\xFF\x00\x0F").bit_count
+ *    # => 12
+ *
+ *    IO::Buffer.for("\xFF\x00\x0F").bit_count(1, 2)
+ *    # => 4
+ */
+static VALUE
+io_buffer_bit_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 2);
+
+    size_t offset, length;
+    struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = io_buffer_extract_offset_length(self, argc, argv, &offset, &length);
+
+    io_buffer_validate_range(buffer, offset, length);
+
+    const void *base;
+    size_t size;
+    io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size);
+
+    size_t count = memory_bit_count((const unsigned char *)base + offset, length);
+
+    return SIZET2NUM(count);
+}
+
 /*
  *  Document-class: IO::Buffer
  *
@@ -3649,9 +3882,9 @@ io_buffer_not_inplace(VALUE self)
  *
  *    File.write('test.txt', 'test data')
  *    # => 9
- *    buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt'))
+ *    buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt'), nil, 0, IO::Buffer::READONLY)
  *    # =>
- *    # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f0768c000+9 MAPPED IMMUTABLE>
+ *    # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f0768c000+9 EXTERNAL MAPPED FILE SHARED READONLY>
  *    # ...
  *    buffer.get_string(5, 2) # read 2 bytes, starting from offset 5
  *    # => "da"
@@ -3800,6 +4033,11 @@ Init_IO_Buffer(void)
     IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(s64);
     IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(S64);
 
+    IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(u128);
+    IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(U128);
+    IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(s128);
+    IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(S128);
+
     IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(f32);
     IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(F32);
     IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(f64);
@@ -3833,6 +4071,8 @@ Init_IO_Buffer(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "xor!", io_buffer_xor_inplace, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "not!", io_buffer_not_inplace, 0);
 
+    rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "bit_count", io_buffer_bit_count, -1);
+
     // IO operations:
     rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "read", io_buffer_read, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "pread", io_buffer_pread, -1);
diff --git a/iseq.c b/iseq.c
index ac704c2976..b90fcb4334 100644
--- a/iseq.c
+++ b/iseq.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "id.h"
 #include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/bits.h"
@@ -31,18 +32,21 @@
 #include "internal/io.h"
 #include "internal/ruby_parser.h"
 #include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#include "internal/set_table.h"
 #include "internal/symbol.h"
 #include "internal/thread.h"
 #include "internal/variable.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
+#include "ractor_core.h"
 #include "vm_callinfo.h"
 #include "yjit.h"
 #include "ruby/ractor.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "insns.inc"
 #include "insns_info.inc"
+#include "zjit.h"
 
 VALUE rb_cISeq;
 static VALUE iseqw_new(const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ free_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *cur)
 
     while (cur) {
         next = cur->next;
-        ruby_xfree(cur);
+        ruby_xfree_sized(cur, offsetof(struct iseq_compile_data_storage, buff) + cur->size * sizeof(char));
         cur = next;
     }
 }
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ compile_data_free(struct iseq_compile_data *compile_data)
         if (compile_data->ivar_cache_table) {
             rb_id_table_free(compile_data->ivar_cache_table);
         }
-        ruby_xfree(compile_data);
+        SIZED_FREE(compile_data);
     }
 }
 
@@ -109,15 +113,15 @@ remove_from_constant_cache(ID id, IC ic)
     VALUE lookup_result;
     st_data_t ic_data = (st_data_t)ic;
 
-    if (rb_id_table_lookup(vm->constant_cache, id, &lookup_result)) {
-        st_table *ics = (st_table *)lookup_result;
-        st_delete(ics, &ic_data, NULL);
+    if (rb_id_table_lookup(&vm->constant_cache, id, &lookup_result)) {
+        set_table *ics = (set_table *)lookup_result;
+        set_table_delete(ics, &ic_data);
 
         if (ics->num_entries == 0 &&
                 // See comment in vm_track_constant_cache on why we need this check
                 id != vm->inserting_constant_cache_id) {
-            rb_id_table_delete(vm->constant_cache, id);
-            st_free_table(ics);
+            rb_id_table_delete(&vm->constant_cache, id);
+            set_free_table(ics);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -148,16 +152,35 @@ iseq_clear_ic_references(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
         if (segments == NULL)
             continue;
 
-        for (int i = 0; segments[i]; i++) {
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; segments[i]; i++) {
             ID id = segments[i];
             if (id == idNULL) continue;
             remove_from_constant_cache(id, ic);
         }
 
-        ruby_xfree((void *)segments);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(segments, i + 1);
     }
 }
 
+
+rb_hook_list_t *
+rb_iseq_local_hooks(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_ractor_t *r, bool create)
+{
+    rb_hook_list_t *hook_list = NULL;
+    st_data_t val;
+    if (st_lookup(rb_ractor_targeted_hooks(r), (st_data_t)iseq, &val)) {
+        hook_list = (rb_hook_list_t*)val;
+        RUBY_ASSERT(hook_list->type == hook_list_type_targeted_iseq);
+    }
+    else if (create) {
+        hook_list = RB_ZALLOC(rb_hook_list_t);
+        hook_list->type = hook_list_type_targeted_iseq;
+        st_insert(rb_ractor_targeted_hooks(r), (st_data_t)iseq, (st_data_t)hook_list);
+    }
+    return hook_list;
+}
+
 void
 rb_iseq_free(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
@@ -173,39 +196,44 @@ rb_iseq_free(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
             rb_yjit_live_iseq_count--;
         }
 #endif
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->iseq_encoded);
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->insns_info.body);
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->insns_info.positions);
+#if USE_ZJIT
+        rb_zjit_iseq_free(iseq);
+#endif
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->iseq_encoded, body->iseq_size);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->insns_info.body, body->insns_info.size);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->insns_info.positions, body->insns_info.size);
 #if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
         ruby_xfree(body->insns_info.succ_index_table);
 #endif
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->is_entries);
-        ruby_xfree(body->call_data);
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->catch_table);
-        ruby_xfree((void *)body->param.opt_table);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->is_entries, ISEQ_IS_SIZE(body));
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->call_data, body->ci_size);
+        if (body->catch_table) {
+            ruby_xfree_sized(body->catch_table, iseq_catch_table_bytes(body->catch_table->size));
+        }
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->param.opt_table, body->param.opt_num + 1);
         if (ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(body->iseq_size) > 1 && body->mark_bits.list) {
-            ruby_xfree((void *)body->mark_bits.list);
+            SIZED_FREE_N(body->mark_bits.list, ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(body->iseq_size));
         }
 
-        ruby_xfree(body->variable.original_iseq);
+        ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_CLEAR(iseq);
 
-        if (body->param.keyword != NULL) {
-            if (body->param.keyword->table != &body->local_table[body->param.keyword->bits_start - body->param.keyword->num])
-                ruby_xfree((void *)body->param.keyword->table);
-            if (body->param.keyword->default_values) {
-                ruby_xfree((void *)body->param.keyword->default_values);
+        struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *pkw = (struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *)body->param.keyword;
+        if (pkw != NULL) {
+            if (pkw->table != &body->local_table[pkw->bits_start - pkw->num])
+                SIZED_FREE_N(pkw->table, pkw->required_num);
+            if (pkw->default_values) {
+                SIZED_FREE_N(pkw->default_values, pkw->num - pkw->required_num);
             }
-            ruby_xfree((void *)body->param.keyword);
+            SIZED_FREE(pkw);
+        }
+        if (LIKELY(body->local_table != rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl)) {
+            SIZED_FREE_N(body->local_table, body->local_table_size);
         }
-        if (LIKELY(body->local_table != rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl))
-            ruby_xfree((void *)body->local_table);
+        SIZED_FREE_N(body->lvar_states, body->local_table_size);
+
         compile_data_free(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq));
         if (body->outer_variables) rb_id_table_free(body->outer_variables);
-        ruby_xfree(body);
-    }
-
-    if (iseq && ISEQ_EXECUTABLE_P(iseq) && iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks) {
-        rb_hook_list_free(iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks);
+        SIZED_FREE(body);
     }
 
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("iseq");
@@ -232,7 +260,30 @@ iseq_scan_bits(unsigned int page, iseq_bits_t bits, VALUE *code, VALUE *original
 }
 
 static void
-rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_value(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE *original_iseq)
+rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_compile_data_value(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE *original_iseq)
+{
+    unsigned int size;
+    VALUE *code;
+    const struct iseq_compile_data *const compile_data = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq);
+
+    size = compile_data->iseq_size;
+    code = compile_data->iseq_encoded;
+
+    // Embedded VALUEs
+    if (compile_data->mark_bits.list) {
+        if(compile_data->is_single_mark_bit) {
+            iseq_scan_bits(0, compile_data->mark_bits.single, code, original_iseq);
+        }
+        else {
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(size); i++) {
+                iseq_bits_t bits = compile_data->mark_bits.list[i];
+                iseq_scan_bits(i, bits, code, original_iseq);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+static void
+rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_body_value(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE *original_iseq)
 {
     unsigned int size;
     VALUE *code;
@@ -251,9 +302,7 @@ rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_value(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE *original_iseq)
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < body->icvarc_size; i++, is_entries++) {
             ICVARC icvarc = (ICVARC)is_entries;
             if (icvarc->entry) {
-                RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(icvarc->entry->class_value, T_NONE));
-
-                rb_gc_mark_and_move(&icvarc->entry->class_value);
+                rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&icvarc->entry);
             }
         }
 
@@ -280,11 +329,9 @@ rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_value(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE *original_iseq)
             iseq_scan_bits(0, body->mark_bits.single, code, original_iseq);
         }
         else {
-            if (body->mark_bits.list) {
-                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(size); i++) {
-                    iseq_bits_t bits = body->mark_bits.list[i];
-                    iseq_scan_bits(i, bits, code, original_iseq);
-                }
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ISEQ_MBITS_BUFLEN(size); i++) {
+                iseq_bits_t bits = body->mark_bits.list[i];
+                iseq_scan_bits(i, bits, code, original_iseq);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -302,15 +349,13 @@ cc_is_active(const struct rb_callcache *cc, bool reference_updating)
             cc = (const struct rb_callcache *)rb_gc_location((VALUE)cc);
         }
 
-        if (vm_cc_markable(cc)) {
-            if (cc->klass) { // cc is not invalidated
-                const struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *cme = vm_cc_cme(cc);
-                if (reference_updating) {
-                    cme = (const struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *)rb_gc_location((VALUE)cme);
-                }
-                if (!METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(cme)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+        if (vm_cc_markable(cc) && vm_cc_valid(cc)) {
+            const struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *cme = vm_cc_cme(cc);
+            if (reference_updating) {
+                cme = (const struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct *)rb_gc_location((VALUE)cme);
+            }
+            if (!METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(cme)) {
+                return true;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -327,10 +372,8 @@ rb_iseq_mark_and_move(rb_iseq_t *iseq, bool reference_updating)
     if (ISEQ_BODY(iseq)) {
         struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
 
-        rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_value(iseq, reference_updating ? ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq) : NULL);
+        rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_body_value(iseq, reference_updating ? ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq) : NULL);
 
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->variable.coverage);
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->variable.pc2branchindex);
         rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->variable.script_lines);
         rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->location.label);
         rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->location.base_label);
@@ -380,39 +423,48 @@ rb_iseq_mark_and_move(rb_iseq_t *iseq, bool reference_updating)
 #if USE_YJIT
             rb_yjit_iseq_update_references(iseq);
 #endif
+#if USE_ZJIT
+            rb_zjit_iseq_update_references(body->zjit_payload);
+#endif
         }
         else {
+            // TODO: check jit payload
+            if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
 #if USE_YJIT
-            rb_yjit_iseq_mark(body->yjit_payload);
+                rb_yjit_iseq_mark(body->yjit_payload);
+#endif
+#if USE_ZJIT
+                rb_zjit_iseq_mark(body->zjit_payload);
 #endif
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: ractor aware coverage
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->variable.coverage);
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&body->variable.pc2branchindex);
         }
     }
 
     if (FL_TEST_RAW((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_NOT_LOADED_YET)) {
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move(&iseq->aux.loader.obj);
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move(&iseq->aux.loader.obj);
+        }
     }
     else if (FL_TEST_RAW((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_USE_COMPILE_DATA)) {
-        const struct iseq_compile_data *const compile_data = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq);
-
-        if (!reference_updating) {
-            /* The operands in each instruction needs to be pinned because
-             * if auto-compaction runs in iseq_set_sequence, then the objects
-             * could exist on the generated_iseq buffer, which would not be
-             * reference updated which can lead to T_MOVED (and subsequently
-             * T_NONE) objects on the iseq. */
-            rb_iseq_mark_and_pin_insn_storage(compile_data->insn.storage_head);
-        }
+        if (!rb_gc_checking_shareable()) {
+            const struct iseq_compile_data *const compile_data = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq);
+
+            rb_iseq_mark_and_move_insn_storage(compile_data->insn.storage_head);
+            rb_iseq_mark_and_move_each_compile_data_value(iseq, reference_updating ? ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq) : NULL);
 
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&compile_data->err_info);
-        rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&compile_data->catch_table_ary);
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&compile_data->err_info);
+            rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)&compile_data->catch_table_ary);
+        }
     }
     else {
         /* executable */
         VM_ASSERT(ISEQ_EXECUTABLE_P(iseq));
-
-        if (iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks) {
-            rb_hook_list_mark_and_update(iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks);
-        }
     }
 
     RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("iseq");
@@ -517,9 +569,14 @@ rb_iseq_pathobj_new(VALUE path, VALUE realpath)
         pathobj = rb_fstring(path);
     }
     else {
-        if (!NIL_P(realpath)) realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
-        pathobj = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, rb_fstring(path), realpath);
+        if (!NIL_P(realpath)) {
+            realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
+        }
+        VALUE fpath = rb_fstring(path);
+
+        pathobj = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, fpath, realpath);
         rb_ary_freeze(pathobj);
+        RB_OBJ_SET_SHAREABLE(pathobj);
     }
     return pathobj;
 }
@@ -531,6 +588,24 @@ rb_iseq_pathobj_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE path, VALUE realpath)
                  rb_iseq_pathobj_new(path, realpath));
 }
 
+// Make a dummy iseq for a dummy frame that exposes a path for profilers to inspect
+rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_alloc_with_dummy_path(VALUE fname)
+{
+    rb_iseq_t *dummy_iseq = iseq_alloc();
+
+    ISEQ_BODY(dummy_iseq)->type = ISEQ_TYPE_TOP;
+
+    if (!RB_OBJ_SHAREABLE_P(fname)) {
+        RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE(fname);
+    }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dummy_iseq, &ISEQ_BODY(dummy_iseq)->location.pathobj, fname);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dummy_iseq, &ISEQ_BODY(dummy_iseq)->location.label, fname);
+
+    return dummy_iseq;
+}
+
 static rb_iseq_location_t *
 iseq_location_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, int first_lineno, const rb_code_location_t *code_location, const int node_id)
 {
@@ -573,11 +648,11 @@ set_relation(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const rb_iseq_t *piseq)
         body->local_iseq = iseq;
     }
     else if (piseq) {
-        body->local_iseq = ISEQ_BODY(piseq)->local_iseq;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &body->local_iseq, ISEQ_BODY(piseq)->local_iseq);
     }
 
     if (piseq) {
-        body->parent_iseq = piseq;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &body->parent_iseq, piseq);
     }
 
     if (type == ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN) {
@@ -600,6 +675,18 @@ new_arena(void)
     return new_arena;
 }
 
+static int
+prepare_node_id(const NODE *node)
+{
+    if (!node) return -1;
+
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SCOPE && RNODE_SCOPE(node)->nd_parent) {
+        return nd_node_id(RNODE_SCOPE(node)->nd_parent);
+    }
+
+    return nd_node_id(node);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 prepare_iseq_build(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
                    VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, int first_lineno, const rb_code_location_t *code_location, const int node_id,
@@ -673,7 +760,7 @@ rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     if (body->insns_info.succ_index_table) ruby_xfree(body->insns_info.succ_index_table);
     body->insns_info.succ_index_table = succ_index_table_create(max_pos, data, size);
 #if VM_CHECK_MODE == 0
-    ruby_xfree(body->insns_info.positions);
+    SIZED_FREE_N(body->insns_info.positions, body->insns_info.size);
     body->insns_info.positions = NULL;
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -777,10 +864,6 @@ set_compile_option_from_hash(rb_compile_option_t *option, VALUE opt)
 static rb_compile_option_t *
 set_compile_option_from_ast(rb_compile_option_t *option, const rb_ast_body_t *ast)
 {
-#define SET_COMPILE_OPTION(o, a, mem) \
-    ((a)->mem < 0 ? 0 : ((o)->mem = (a)->mem > 0))
-    SET_COMPILE_OPTION(option, ast, coverage_enabled);
-#undef SET_COMPILE_OPTION
     if (ast->frozen_string_literal >= 0) {
         option->frozen_string_literal = ast->frozen_string_literal;
     }
@@ -893,7 +976,7 @@ rb_iseq_new_top(const VALUE ast_value, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, c
 rb_iseq_t *
 pm_iseq_new_top(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, const rb_iseq_t *parent, int *error_state)
 {
-    iseq_new_setup_coverage(path, (int) (node->parser->newline_list.size - 1));
+    iseq_new_setup_coverage(path, (int) (pm_parser_line_offsets(node->parser)->size - 1));
 
     return pm_iseq_new_with_opt(node, name, path, realpath, 0, parent, 0,
                                 ISEQ_TYPE_TOP, &COMPILE_OPTION_DEFAULT, error_state);
@@ -917,7 +1000,7 @@ rb_iseq_new_main(const VALUE ast_value, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, const rb_ise
 rb_iseq_t *
 pm_iseq_new_main(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE path, VALUE realpath, const rb_iseq_t *parent, int opt, int *error_state)
 {
-    iseq_new_setup_coverage(path, (int) (node->parser->newline_list.size - 1));
+    iseq_new_setup_coverage(path, (int) (pm_parser_line_offsets(node->parser)->size - 1));
 
     return pm_iseq_new_with_opt(node, rb_fstring_lit("<main>"),
                                 path, realpath, 0,
@@ -934,8 +1017,13 @@ rb_iseq_new_eval(const VALUE ast_value, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
         }
     }
 
+    rb_compile_option_t option = COMPILE_OPTION_DEFAULT;
+    rb_ast_t *ast = rb_ruby_ast_data_get(ast_value);
+    if (ast->body.coverage_enabled >= 0) {
+        option.coverage_enabled = ast->body.coverage_enabled;
+    }
     return rb_iseq_new_with_opt(ast_value, name, path, realpath, first_lineno,
-                                parent, isolated_depth, ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL, &COMPILE_OPTION_DEFAULT,
+                                parent, isolated_depth, ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL, &option,
                                 Qnil);
 }
 
@@ -946,7 +1034,7 @@ pm_iseq_new_eval(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
     if (rb_get_coverage_mode() & COVERAGE_TARGET_EVAL) {
         VALUE coverages = rb_get_coverages();
         if (RTEST(coverages) && RTEST(path) && !RTEST(rb_hash_has_key(coverages, path))) {
-            iseq_setup_coverage(coverages, path, ((int) (node->parser->newline_list.size - 1)) + first_lineno - 1);
+            iseq_setup_coverage(coverages, path, ((int) (pm_parser_line_offsets(node->parser)->size - 1)) + first_lineno - 1);
         }
     }
 
@@ -997,7 +1085,7 @@ rb_iseq_new_with_opt(VALUE ast_value, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
         script_lines = ISEQ_BODY(parent)->variable.script_lines;
     }
 
-    prepare_iseq_build(iseq, name, path, realpath, first_lineno, node ? &node->nd_loc : NULL, node ? nd_node_id(node) : -1,
+    prepare_iseq_build(iseq, name, path, realpath, first_lineno, node ? &node->nd_loc : NULL, prepare_node_id(node),
                        parent, isolated_depth, type, script_lines, option);
 
     rb_iseq_compile_node(iseq, node);
@@ -1007,41 +1095,15 @@ rb_iseq_new_with_opt(VALUE ast_value, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
     return iseq_translate(iseq);
 }
 
-struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data {
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-    pm_scope_node_t *node;
-};
-
-VALUE
-pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try(VALUE d)
-{
-    struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data *data = (struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data *)d;
-
-    // This can compile child iseqs, which can raise syntax errors
-    pm_iseq_compile_node(data->iseq, data->node);
-
-    // This raises an exception if there is a syntax error
-    finish_iseq_build(data->iseq);
-
-    return Qundef;
-}
-
 /**
- * This is a step in the prism compiler that is called once all of the various
- * options have been established. It is called from one of the pm_iseq_new_*
- * functions or from the RubyVM::InstructionSequence APIs. It is responsible for
- * allocating the instruction sequence, calling into the compiler, and returning
- * the built instruction sequence.
- *
- * Importantly, this is also the function where the compiler is re-entered to
- * compile child instruction sequences. A child instruction sequence is always
- * compiled using a scope node, which is why we cast it explicitly to that here
- * in the parameters (as opposed to accepting a generic pm_node_t *).
+ * Core implementation for building a prism iseq. This does not use rb_protect,
+ * so any exceptions (e.g. from finish_iseq_build) propagate normally up the
+ * call stack — matching the parse.y compiler's behavior.
  */
 rb_iseq_t *
-pm_iseq_new_with_opt(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
-                     int first_lineno, const rb_iseq_t *parent, int isolated_depth,
-                     enum rb_iseq_type type, const rb_compile_option_t *option, int *error_state)
+pm_iseq_build(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
+              int first_lineno, const rb_iseq_t *parent, int isolated_depth,
+              enum rb_iseq_type type, const rb_compile_option_t *option)
 {
     rb_iseq_t *iseq = iseq_alloc();
     ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->prism = true;
@@ -1054,10 +1116,11 @@ pm_iseq_new_with_opt(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpa
     option = &next_option;
 
     pm_location_t *location = &node->base.location;
-    int32_t start_line = node->parser->start_line;
+    int32_t start_line = pm_parser_start_line(node->parser);
+    const pm_line_offset_list_t *line_offsets = pm_parser_line_offsets(node->parser);
 
-    pm_line_column_t start = pm_newline_list_line_column(&node->parser->newline_list, location->start, start_line);
-    pm_line_column_t end = pm_newline_list_line_column(&node->parser->newline_list, location->end, start_line);
+    pm_line_column_t start = pm_line_offset_list_line_column(line_offsets, location->start, start_line);
+    pm_line_column_t end = pm_line_offset_list_line_column(line_offsets, location->start + location->length, start_line);
 
     rb_code_location_t code_location = (rb_code_location_t) {
         .beg_pos = { .lineno = (int) start.line, .column = (int) start.column },
@@ -1067,15 +1130,59 @@ pm_iseq_new_with_opt(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpa
     prepare_iseq_build(iseq, name, path, realpath, first_lineno, &code_location, node->ast_node->node_id,
                        parent, isolated_depth, type, node->script_lines == NULL ? Qnil : *node->script_lines, option);
 
+    pm_iseq_compile_node(iseq, node);
+    finish_iseq_build(iseq);
+
+    return iseq_translate(iseq);
+}
+
+struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data {
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    pm_scope_node_t *node;
+    VALUE name, path, realpath;
+    int first_lineno, isolated_depth;
+    const rb_iseq_t *parent;
+    enum rb_iseq_type type;
+    const rb_compile_option_t *option;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try(VALUE d)
+{
+    struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data *data = (struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data *)d;
+    data->iseq = pm_iseq_build(data->node, data->name, data->path, data->realpath,
+                               data->first_lineno, data->parent, data->isolated_depth,
+                               data->type, data->option);
+    return Qundef;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is a step in the prism compiler that is called once all of the various
+ * options have been established. It is called from one of the pm_iseq_new_*
+ * functions or from the RubyVM::InstructionSequence APIs.
+ *
+ * This function uses rb_protect to catch exceptions, storing the error state
+ * in the provided out parameter. This is only needed at top-level entry points
+ * where the caller wants to handle errors gracefully. Child iseqs compiled
+ * during the compilation process do NOT go through this function — they use
+ * pm_iseq_build directly, letting exceptions propagate naturally (matching
+ * the parse.y compiler's behavior).
+ */
+rb_iseq_t *
+pm_iseq_new_with_opt(pm_scope_node_t *node, VALUE name, VALUE path, VALUE realpath,
+                     int first_lineno, const rb_iseq_t *parent, int isolated_depth,
+                     enum rb_iseq_type type, const rb_compile_option_t *option, int *error_state)
+{
     struct pm_iseq_new_with_opt_data data = {
-        .iseq = iseq,
-        .node = node
+        .node = node, .name = name, .path = path, .realpath = realpath,
+        .first_lineno = first_lineno, .parent = parent,
+        .isolated_depth = isolated_depth, .type = type, .option = option
     };
     rb_protect(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try, (VALUE)&data, error_state);
 
     if (*error_state) return NULL;
 
-    return iseq_translate(iseq);
+    return data.iseq;
 }
 
 rb_iseq_t *
@@ -1103,7 +1210,22 @@ rb_iseq_load_iseq(VALUE fname)
     VALUE iseqv = rb_check_funcall(rb_cISeq, rb_intern("load_iseq"), 1, &fname);
 
     if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(iseqv) && RBASIC_CLASS(iseqv) == rb_cISeq) {
-        return  iseqw_check(iseqv);
+        return iseqw_check(iseqv);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_compile_iseq(VALUE str, VALUE fname)
+{
+    VALUE args[] = {
+        str, fname
+    };
+    VALUE iseqv = rb_check_funcall(rb_cISeq, rb_intern("compile"), 2, args);
+
+    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(iseqv) && RBASIC_CLASS(iseqv) == rb_cISeq) {
+        return iseqw_check(iseqv);
     }
 
     return NULL;
@@ -1276,6 +1398,7 @@ rb_iseq_compile_with_option(VALUE src, VALUE file, VALUE realpath, VALUE line, V
         rb_exc_raise(GET_EC()->errinfo);
     }
     else {
+        iseq_new_setup_coverage(file, ast_line_count(ast_value));
         iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(ast_value, name, file, realpath, ln,
                                     NULL, 0, ISEQ_TYPE_TOP, &option,
                                     Qnil);
@@ -1298,19 +1421,29 @@ pm_iseq_compile_with_option(VALUE src, VALUE file, VALUE realpath, VALUE line, V
     ln = NUM2INT(line);
     StringValueCStr(file);
 
-    pm_parse_result_t result = { 0 };
-    pm_options_line_set(&result.options, NUM2INT(line));
-    pm_options_scopes_init(&result.options, 1);
+    bool parse_file = false;
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(src, T_FILE)) {
+        parse_file = true;
+        src = rb_io_path(src);
+    }
+    else {
+        src = StringValue(src);
+    }
+
+    pm_parse_result_t result;
+    pm_parse_result_init(&result);
+    pm_options_line_set(result.options, NUM2INT(line));
+    pm_options_scopes_init(result.options, 1);
     result.node.coverage_enabled = 1;
 
     switch (option.frozen_string_literal) {
       case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_UNSET:
         break;
       case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DISABLED:
-        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(&result.options, false);
+        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(result.options, false);
         break;
       case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_ENABLED:
-        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(&result.options, true);
+        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(result.options, true);
         break;
       default:
         rb_bug("pm_iseq_compile_with_option: invalid frozen_string_literal=%d", option.frozen_string_literal);
@@ -1320,18 +1453,18 @@ pm_iseq_compile_with_option(VALUE src, VALUE file, VALUE realpath, VALUE line, V
     VALUE script_lines;
     VALUE error;
 
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(src, T_FILE)) {
-        VALUE filepath = rb_io_path(src);
-        error = pm_load_parse_file(&result, filepath, ruby_vm_keep_script_lines ? &script_lines : NULL);
-        RB_GC_GUARD(filepath);
+    if (parse_file) {
+        error = pm_load_parse_file(&result, src, ruby_vm_keep_script_lines ? &script_lines : NULL);
     }
     else {
-        src = StringValue(src);
         error = pm_parse_string(&result, src, file, ruby_vm_keep_script_lines ? &script_lines : NULL);
     }
 
+    RB_GC_GUARD(src);
+
     if (error == Qnil) {
         int error_state;
+        iseq_new_setup_coverage(file, (int) (pm_parser_line_offsets(result.node.parser)->size - 1));
         iseq = pm_iseq_new_with_opt(&result.node, name, file, realpath, ln, NULL, 0, ISEQ_TYPE_TOP, &option, &error_state);
 
         pm_parse_result_free(&result);
@@ -1455,9 +1588,9 @@ rb_iseq_remove_coverage_all(void)
 /* define wrapper class methods (RubyVM::InstructionSequence) */
 
 static void
-iseqw_mark(void *ptr)
+iseqw_mark_and_move(void *ptr)
 {
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(*(VALUE *)ptr);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move((VALUE *)ptr);
 }
 
 static size_t
@@ -1466,20 +1599,13 @@ iseqw_memsize(const void *ptr)
     return rb_iseq_memsize(*(const rb_iseq_t **)ptr);
 }
 
-static void
-iseqw_ref_update(void *ptr)
-{
-    VALUE *vptr = ptr;
-    *vptr = rb_gc_location(*vptr);
-}
-
 static const rb_data_type_t iseqw_data_type = {
     "T_IMEMO/iseq",
     {
-        iseqw_mark,
+        iseqw_mark_and_move,
         RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE,
         iseqw_memsize,
-        iseqw_ref_update,
+        iseqw_mark_and_move,
     },
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY|RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
@@ -1500,8 +1626,8 @@ iseqw_new(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
         RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, ptr, iseq);
 
         /* cache a wrapper object */
+        RB_OBJ_SET_FROZEN_SHAREABLE((VALUE)obj);
         RB_OBJ_WRITE((VALUE)iseq, &iseq->wrapper, obj);
-        RB_OBJ_FREEZE((VALUE)iseq);
 
         return obj;
     }
@@ -1563,7 +1689,7 @@ iseqw_s_compile_parser(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, bool prism)
  *  real path and first line number of the ruby code in +source+ which are
  *  metadata attached to the returned +iseq+.
  *
- *  +file+ is used for `__FILE__` and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
+ *  +file+ is used for +__FILE__+ and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
  *  +require_relative+ base. It is recommended these should be the same full
  *  path.
  *
@@ -1605,7 +1731,7 @@ iseqw_s_compile(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *  real path and first line number of the ruby code in +source+ which are
  *  metadata attached to the returned +iseq+.
  *
- *  +file+ is used for `__FILE__` and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
+ *  +file+ is used for +__FILE__+ and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
  *  +require_relative+ base. It is recommended these should be the same full
  *  path.
  *
@@ -1647,7 +1773,7 @@ iseqw_s_compile_parsey(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  *  real path and first line number of the ruby code in +source+ which are
  *  metadata attached to the returned +iseq+.
  *
- *  +file+ is used for `__FILE__` and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
+ *  +file+ is used for +__FILE__+ and exception backtrace. +path+ is used for
  *  +require_relative+ base. It is recommended these should be the same full
  *  path.
  *
@@ -1678,6 +1804,8 @@ iseqw_s_compile_prism(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return iseqw_s_compile_parser(argc, argv, self, true);
 }
 
+static VALUE iseqw_s_compile_file_prism(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *      InstructionSequence.compile_file(file[, options]) -> iseq
@@ -1701,6 +1829,10 @@ iseqw_s_compile_prism(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 iseqw_s_compile_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
+    if (rb_ruby_prism_p()) {
+        return iseqw_s_compile_file_prism(argc, argv, self);
+    }
+
     VALUE file, opt = Qnil;
     VALUE parser, f, exc = Qnil, ret;
     rb_ast_t *ast;
@@ -1724,6 +1856,7 @@ iseqw_s_compile_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     parser = rb_parser_new();
     rb_parser_set_context(parser, NULL, FALSE);
     ast_value = rb_parser_load_file(parser, file);
+    iseq_new_setup_coverage(file, ast_line_count(ast_value));
     ast = rb_ruby_ast_data_get(ast_value);
     if (!ast->body.root) exc = GET_EC()->errinfo;
 
@@ -1741,6 +1874,7 @@ iseqw_s_compile_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
                                          1, NULL, 0, ISEQ_TYPE_TOP, &option,
                                          Qnil));
     rb_ast_dispose(ast);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(ast_value);
 
     rb_vm_pop_frame(ec);
     RB_GC_GUARD(v);
@@ -1786,17 +1920,32 @@ iseqw_s_compile_file_prism(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
     VALUE v = rb_vm_push_frame_fname(ec, file);
 
-    pm_parse_result_t result = { 0 };
-    result.options.line = 1;
+    make_compile_option(&option, opt);
+
+    pm_parse_result_t result;
+    pm_parse_result_init(&result);
     result.node.coverage_enabled = 1;
 
+    switch (option.frozen_string_literal) {
+      case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_UNSET:
+        break;
+      case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DISABLED:
+        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(result.options, false);
+        break;
+      case ISEQ_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_ENABLED:
+        pm_options_frozen_string_literal_set(result.options, true);
+        break;
+      default:
+        rb_bug("iseqw_s_compile_file_prism: invalid frozen_string_literal=%d", option.frozen_string_literal);
+        break;
+    }
+
     VALUE script_lines;
     VALUE error = pm_load_parse_file(&result, file, ruby_vm_keep_script_lines ? &script_lines : NULL);
 
     if (error == Qnil) {
-        make_compile_option(&option, opt);
-
         int error_state;
+        iseq_new_setup_coverage(file, (int) (pm_parser_line_offsets(result.node.parser)->size - 1));
         rb_iseq_t *iseq = pm_iseq_new_with_opt(&result.node, rb_fstring_lit("<main>"),
                                                file,
                                                rb_realpath_internal(Qnil, file, 1),
@@ -1813,7 +1962,8 @@ iseqw_s_compile_file_prism(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
         rb_vm_pop_frame(ec);
         RB_GC_GUARD(v);
         return ret;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         pm_parse_result_free(&result);
         rb_vm_pop_frame(ec);
         RB_GC_GUARD(v);
@@ -1908,7 +2058,11 @@ rb_iseqw_to_iseq(VALUE iseqw)
 static VALUE
 iseqw_eval(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_iseq_eval(iseqw_check(self));
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = iseqw_check(self);
+    if (0 == ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->iseq_size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "attempt to evaluate dummy InstructionSequence");
+    }
+    return rb_iseq_eval(iseq, rb_current_box());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2342,15 +2496,22 @@ rb_iseq_event_flags(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t pos)
     }
 }
 
+static void rb_iseq_trace_flag_cleared(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t pos);
+
+// Clear tracing event flags and turn off tracing for a given instruction as needed.
+// This is currently used after updating a one-shot line coverage for the current instruction.
 void
 rb_iseq_clear_event_flags(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t pos, rb_event_flag_t reset)
 {
-    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entry = (struct iseq_insn_info_entry *)get_insn_info(iseq, pos);
-    if (entry) {
-        entry->events &= ~reset;
-        if (!(entry->events & iseq->aux.exec.global_trace_events)) {
-            void rb_iseq_trace_flag_cleared(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t pos);
-            rb_iseq_trace_flag_cleared(iseq, pos);
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        rb_vm_barrier();
+
+        struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entry = (struct iseq_insn_info_entry *)get_insn_info(iseq, pos);
+        if (entry) {
+            entry->events &= ~reset;
+            if (!(entry->events & iseq->aux.exec.global_trace_events)) {
+                rb_iseq_trace_flag_cleared(iseq, pos);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2869,24 +3030,31 @@ rb_iseq_disasm(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 attr_index_t
 rb_estimate_iv_count(VALUE klass, const rb_iseq_t * initialize_iseq)
 {
-    struct rb_id_table * iv_names = rb_id_table_create(0);
+    set_table iv_names = { 0 };
+    set_init_embedded_numtable_with_size(&iv_names, 0);
 
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ISEQ_BODY(initialize_iseq)->ivc_size; i++) {
         IVC cache = (IVC)&ISEQ_BODY(initialize_iseq)->is_entries[i];
 
         if (cache->iv_set_name) {
-            rb_id_table_insert(iv_names, cache->iv_set_name, Qtrue);
+            set_insert(&iv_names, cache->iv_set_name);
         }
     }
 
-    attr_index_t count = (attr_index_t)rb_id_table_size(iv_names);
+    size_t count = iv_names.num_entries;
 
     VALUE superclass = rb_class_superclass(klass);
-    count += RCLASS_EXT(superclass)->max_iv_count;
+    if (!NIL_P(superclass)) { // BasicObject doesn't have a superclass
+        count += RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(superclass);
+    }
+
+    set_free_embedded_table(&iv_names);
 
-    rb_id_table_free(iv_names);
+    if (count > (attr_index_t)-1) {
+        return (attr_index_t)-1;
+    }
 
-    return count;
+    return (attr_index_t)count;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3107,7 +3275,7 @@ iseqw_s_of(VALUE klass, VALUE body)
  *    0000 trace            8                                               (   1)
  *    0002 trace            1                                               (   2)
  *    0004 putself
- *    0005 putstring        "hello, world"
+ *    0005 dupstring        "hello, world"
  *    0007 send             :puts, 1, nil, 8, <ic:0>
  *    0013 trace            16                                              (   3)
  *    0015 leave                                                            (   2)
@@ -3172,7 +3340,7 @@ static int
 cdhash_each(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_ary_push(ary, obj_resurrect(key));
-    rb_ary_push(ary, value);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(value));
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -3231,6 +3399,7 @@ iseq_type_id(enum rb_iseq_type type)
 static VALUE
 iseq_data_to_ary(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
+    VALUE iseq_value = (VALUE)iseq;
     unsigned int i;
     long l;
     const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const iseq_body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
@@ -3248,7 +3417,7 @@ iseq_data_to_ary(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     VALUE exception = rb_ary_new(); /* [[....]] */
     VALUE misc = rb_hash_new();
 
-    static ID insn_syms[VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2]; /* w/o-trace only */
+    static ID insn_syms[VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE]; /* w/o-trace only */
     struct st_table *labels_table = st_init_numtable();
     VALUE labels_wrapper = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(0, &label_wrapper, labels_table);
 
@@ -3266,7 +3435,7 @@ iseq_data_to_ary(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     for (i=0; i<iseq_body->local_table_size; i++) {
         ID lid = iseq_body->local_table[i];
         if (lid) {
-            if (rb_id2str(lid)) {
+            if (lid != idItImplicit && rb_id2str(lid)) {
                 rb_ary_push(locals, ID2SYM(lid));
             }
             else { /* hidden variable from id_internal() */
@@ -3412,11 +3581,11 @@ iseq_data_to_ary(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
                 break;
               case TS_CDHASH:
                 {
-                    VALUE hash = *seq;
+                    VALUE cdhash = *seq;
                     VALUE val = rb_ary_new();
                     int i;
 
-                    rb_hash_foreach(hash, cdhash_each, val);
+                    st_foreach(rb_imemo_cdhash_tbl(cdhash), cdhash_each, val);
 
                     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(val); i+=2) {
                         VALUE pos = FIX2INT(rb_ary_entry(val, i+1));
@@ -3563,6 +3732,9 @@ iseq_data_to_ary(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     rb_ary_push(val, params);
     rb_ary_push(val, exception);
     rb_ary_push(val, body);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(iseq_value);
+
     return val;
 }
 
@@ -3576,10 +3748,10 @@ rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc)
     ID req, opt, rest, block, key, keyrest;
 #define PARAM_TYPE(type) rb_ary_push(a = rb_ary_new2(2), ID2SYM(type))
 #define PARAM_ID(i) body->local_table[(i)]
-#define PARAM(i, type) (		      \
-        PARAM_TYPE(type),		      \
-        rb_id2str(PARAM_ID(i)) ?	      \
-        rb_ary_push(a, ID2SYM(PARAM_ID(i))) : \
+#define PARAM(i, type) (                                        \
+        PARAM_TYPE(type),                                       \
+        PARAM_ID(i) != idItImplicit && rb_id2str(PARAM_ID(i)) ? \
+        rb_ary_push(a, ID2SYM(PARAM_ID(i))) :                   \
         a)
 
     CONST_ID(req, "req");
@@ -3597,11 +3769,7 @@ rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc)
 
     if (is_proc) {
         for (i = 0; i < body->param.lead_num; i++) {
-            PARAM_TYPE(opt);
-            if (rb_id2str(PARAM_ID(i))) {
-                rb_ary_push(a, ID2SYM(PARAM_ID(i)));
-            }
-            rb_ary_push(args, a);
+            rb_ary_push(args, PARAM(i, opt));
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -3611,11 +3779,7 @@ rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc)
     }
     r = body->param.lead_num + body->param.opt_num;
     for (; i < r; i++) {
-        PARAM_TYPE(opt);
-        if (rb_id2str(PARAM_ID(i))) {
-            rb_ary_push(a, ID2SYM(PARAM_ID(i)));
-        }
-        rb_ary_push(args, a);
+        rb_ary_push(args, PARAM(i, opt));
     }
     if (body->param.flags.has_rest) {
         CONST_ID(rest, "rest");
@@ -3624,11 +3788,7 @@ rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc)
     r = body->param.post_start + body->param.post_num;
     if (is_proc) {
         for (i = body->param.post_start; i < r; i++) {
-            PARAM_TYPE(opt);
-            if (rb_id2str(PARAM_ID(i))) {
-                rb_ary_push(a, ID2SYM(PARAM_ID(i)));
-            }
-            rb_ary_push(args, a);
+            rb_ary_push(args, PARAM(i, opt));
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -3677,7 +3837,13 @@ rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc)
         }
         rb_ary_push(args, a);
     }
-    if (body->param.flags.has_block) {
+    if (body->param.flags.accepts_no_block) {
+        ID noblock;
+        CONST_ID(noblock, "noblock");
+        PARAM_TYPE(noblock);
+        rb_ary_push(args, a);
+    }
+    else if (body->param.flags.has_block) {
         CONST_ID(block, "block");
         rb_ary_push(args, PARAM(body->param.block_start, block));
     }
@@ -3710,17 +3876,21 @@ rb_iseq_defined_string(enum defined_type type)
     return rb_fstring_cstr(estr);
 }
 
-/* A map from encoded_insn to insn_data: decoded insn number, its len,
- * non-trace version of encoded insn, and trace version. */
-
+// A map from encoded_insn to insn_data: decoded insn number, its len,
+// decoded ZJIT insn number, non-trace version of encoded insn,
+// trace version, and zjit version.
 static st_table *encoded_insn_data;
 typedef struct insn_data_struct {
     int insn;
     int insn_len;
     void *notrace_encoded_insn;
     void *trace_encoded_insn;
+#if USE_ZJIT
+    int zjit_insn;
+    void *zjit_encoded_insn;
+#endif
 } insn_data_t;
-static insn_data_t insn_data[VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2];
+static insn_data_t insn_data[VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE];
 
 void
 rb_free_encoded_insn_data(void)
@@ -3728,6 +3898,8 @@ rb_free_encoded_insn_data(void)
     st_free_table(encoded_insn_data);
 }
 
+// Initialize a table to decode bare, trace, and zjit instructions.
+// This function also determines which instructions are used when TracePoint is enabled.
 void
 rb_vm_encoded_insn_data_table_init(void)
 {
@@ -3735,32 +3907,42 @@ rb_vm_encoded_insn_data_table_init(void)
     const void * const *table = rb_vm_get_insns_address_table();
 #define INSN_CODE(insn) ((VALUE)table[insn])
 #else
-#define INSN_CODE(insn) (insn)
+#define INSN_CODE(insn) ((VALUE)(insn))
 #endif
-    st_data_t insn;
-    encoded_insn_data = st_init_numtable_with_size(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE / 2);
-
-    for (insn = 0; insn < VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2; insn++) {
-        st_data_t key1 = (st_data_t)INSN_CODE(insn);
-        st_data_t key2 = (st_data_t)INSN_CODE(insn + VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2);
+    encoded_insn_data = st_init_numtable_with_size(VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
 
-        insn_data[insn].insn = (int)insn;
+    for (int insn = 0; insn < VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; insn++) {
+        insn_data[insn].insn = insn;
         insn_data[insn].insn_len = insn_len(insn);
 
-        if (insn != BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate_leave)) {
-            insn_data[insn].notrace_encoded_insn = (void *) key1;
-            insn_data[insn].trace_encoded_insn = (void *) key2;
-        }
-        else {
-            insn_data[insn].notrace_encoded_insn = (void *) INSN_CODE(BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate));
-            insn_data[insn].trace_encoded_insn = (void *) INSN_CODE(BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate) + VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2);
-        }
+        // When tracing :return events, we convert opt_invokebuiltin_delegate_leave + leave into
+        // opt_invokebuiltin_delegate + trace_leave, presumably because we don't want to fire
+        // :return events before invokebuiltin. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/3256
+        int notrace_insn = (insn != BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate_leave)) ? insn : BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate);
+        insn_data[insn].notrace_encoded_insn = (void *)INSN_CODE(notrace_insn);
+        insn_data[insn].trace_encoded_insn = (void *)INSN_CODE(notrace_insn + VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
 
+        st_data_t key1 = (st_data_t)INSN_CODE(insn);
+        st_data_t key2 = (st_data_t)INSN_CODE(insn + VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
         st_add_direct(encoded_insn_data, key1, (st_data_t)&insn_data[insn]);
         st_add_direct(encoded_insn_data, key2, (st_data_t)&insn_data[insn]);
+
+#if USE_ZJIT
+        int zjit_insn = vm_bare_insn_to_zjit_insn(insn);
+        insn_data[insn].zjit_insn = zjit_insn;
+        insn_data[insn].zjit_encoded_insn = (insn != zjit_insn) ? (void *)INSN_CODE(zjit_insn) : 0;
+
+        if (insn != zjit_insn) {
+            st_data_t key3 = (st_data_t)INSN_CODE(zjit_insn);
+            st_add_direct(encoded_insn_data, key3, (st_data_t)&insn_data[insn]);
+        }
+#endif
     }
 }
 
+// Decode an insn address to an insn. This returns bare instructions
+// even if they're trace/zjit instructions. Use rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode
+// to decode trace/zjit instructions as is.
 int
 rb_vm_insn_addr2insn(const void *addr)
 {
@@ -3775,7 +3957,8 @@ rb_vm_insn_addr2insn(const void *addr)
     rb_bug("rb_vm_insn_addr2insn: invalid insn address: %p", addr);
 }
 
-// Unlike rb_vm_insn_addr2insn, this function can return trace opcode variants.
+// Decode an insn address to an insn. Unlike rb_vm_insn_addr2insn,
+// this function can return trace/zjit opcode variants.
 int
 rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode(const void *addr)
 {
@@ -3786,15 +3969,22 @@ rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode(const void *addr)
         insn_data_t *e = (insn_data_t *)val;
         int opcode = e->insn;
         if (addr == e->trace_encoded_insn) {
-            opcode += VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE/2;
+            opcode += VM_BARE_INSTRUCTION_SIZE;
+        }
+#if USE_ZJIT
+        else if (addr == e->zjit_encoded_insn) {
+            opcode = e->zjit_insn;
         }
+#endif
         return opcode;
     }
 
     rb_bug("rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode: invalid insn address: %p", addr);
 }
 
-// Decode `ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->iseq_encoded[i]` to an insn.
+// Decode `ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->iseq_encoded[i]` to an insn. This returns
+// bare instructions even if they're trace/zjit instructions. Use
+// rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode to decode trace/zjit instructions as is.
 int
 rb_vm_insn_decode(const VALUE encoded)
 {
@@ -3806,15 +3996,16 @@ rb_vm_insn_decode(const VALUE encoded)
     return insn;
 }
 
+// Turn on or off tracing for a given instruction address
 static inline int
-encoded_iseq_trace_instrument(VALUE *iseq_encoded_insn, rb_event_flag_t turnon, bool remain_current_trace)
+encoded_iseq_trace_instrument(VALUE *iseq_encoded_insn, rb_event_flag_t turnon, bool remain_traced)
 {
     st_data_t key = (st_data_t)*iseq_encoded_insn;
     st_data_t val;
 
     if (st_lookup(encoded_insn_data, key, &val)) {
         insn_data_t *e = (insn_data_t *)val;
-        if (remain_current_trace && key == (st_data_t)e->trace_encoded_insn) {
+        if (remain_traced && key == (st_data_t)e->trace_encoded_insn) {
             turnon = 1;
         }
         *iseq_encoded_insn = (VALUE) (turnon ? e->trace_encoded_insn : e->notrace_encoded_insn);
@@ -3824,7 +4015,8 @@ encoded_iseq_trace_instrument(VALUE *iseq_encoded_insn, rb_event_flag_t turnon,
     rb_bug("trace_instrument: invalid insn address: %p", (void *)*iseq_encoded_insn);
 }
 
-void
+// Turn off tracing for an instruction at pos after tracing event flags are cleared
+static void
 rb_iseq_trace_flag_cleared(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t pos)
 {
     const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
@@ -3850,14 +4042,16 @@ add_bmethod_events(rb_event_flag_t events)
 
 // Note, to support call/return events for bmethods, turnon_event can have more events than tpval.
 static int
-iseq_add_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events, VALUE tpval, unsigned int target_line)
+iseq_add_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events, VALUE tpval, unsigned int target_line, rb_ractor_t *r)
 {
     unsigned int pc;
     int n = 0;
     const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
     VALUE *iseq_encoded = (VALUE *)body->iseq_encoded;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq_mut = (rb_iseq_t*)iseq;
 
     VM_ASSERT(ISEQ_EXECUTABLE_P(iseq));
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
 
     for (pc=0; pc<body->iseq_size;) {
         const struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entry = get_insn_info(iseq, pc);
@@ -3879,11 +4073,9 @@ iseq_add_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events,
     }
 
     if (n > 0) {
-        if (iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks == NULL) {
-            ((rb_iseq_t *)iseq)->aux.exec.local_hooks = RB_ZALLOC(rb_hook_list_t);
-            iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks->is_local = true;
-        }
-        rb_hook_list_connect_tracepoint((VALUE)iseq, iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks, tpval, target_line);
+        rb_hook_list_t *hook_list = rb_iseq_local_hooks(iseq, r, true);
+        rb_hook_list_connect_local_tracepoint(hook_list, tpval, target_line);
+        iseq_mut->aux.exec.local_hooks_cnt++;
     }
 
     return n;
@@ -3894,19 +4086,21 @@ struct trace_set_local_events_struct {
     VALUE tpval;
     unsigned int target_line;
     int n;
+    rb_ractor_t *r;
 };
 
 static void
 iseq_add_local_tracepoint_i(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, void *p)
 {
     struct trace_set_local_events_struct *data = (struct trace_set_local_events_struct *)p;
-    data->n += iseq_add_local_tracepoint(iseq, data->turnon_events, data->tpval, data->target_line);
+    data->n += iseq_add_local_tracepoint(iseq, data->turnon_events, data->tpval, data->target_line, data->r);
     iseq_iterate_children(iseq, iseq_add_local_tracepoint_i, p);
 }
 
 int
 rb_iseq_add_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events, VALUE tpval, unsigned int target_line, bool target_bmethod)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
     struct trace_set_local_events_struct data;
     if (target_bmethod) {
         turnon_events = add_bmethod_events(turnon_events);
@@ -3915,35 +4109,52 @@ rb_iseq_add_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t
     data.tpval = tpval;
     data.target_line = target_line;
     data.n = 0;
+    data.r = GET_RACTOR();
 
     iseq_add_local_tracepoint_i(iseq, (void *)&data);
-    if (0) rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern("puts"), 1, rb_iseq_disasm(iseq)); /* for debug */
+    if (0) fprintf(stderr, "Iseq disasm:\n:%s", RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_disasm(iseq))); /* for debug */
     return data.n;
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_remove_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval)
+iseq_remove_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval, rb_ractor_t *r)
 {
     int n = 0;
+    unsigned int num_hooks_left;
+    unsigned int pc;
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq_mut = (rb_iseq_t*)iseq;
+    rb_hook_list_t *hook_list;
+    VALUE *iseq_encoded;
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
 
-    if (iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks) {
-        unsigned int pc;
-        const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
-        VALUE *iseq_encoded = (VALUE *)body->iseq_encoded;
+    hook_list = rb_iseq_local_hooks(iseq, r, false);
+
+    if (hook_list) {
         rb_event_flag_t local_events = 0;
 
-        rb_hook_list_remove_tracepoint(iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks, tpval);
-        local_events = iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks->events;
+        rb_event_flag_t prev_events = hook_list->events;
+        if (rb_hook_list_remove_local_tracepoint(hook_list, tpval)) {
+            RUBY_ASSERT(iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks_cnt > 0);
+            iseq_mut->aux.exec.local_hooks_cnt--;
+            local_events = hook_list->events; // remaining events for this ractor
+            num_hooks_left = rb_hook_list_count(hook_list);
+            if (local_events == 0 && prev_events != 0) {
+                st_delete(rb_ractor_targeted_hooks(r), (st_data_t*)&iseq, NULL);
+                rb_hook_list_free(hook_list);
+            }
 
-        if (local_events == 0) {
-            rb_hook_list_free(iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks);
-            ((rb_iseq_t *)iseq)->aux.exec.local_hooks = NULL;
-        }
+            if (iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks_cnt == num_hooks_left) {
+                body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
+                iseq_encoded = (VALUE *)body->iseq_encoded;
+                local_events = add_bmethod_events(local_events);
+                for (pc = 0; pc<body->iseq_size;) {
+                    rb_event_flag_t pc_events = rb_iseq_event_flags(iseq, pc);
+                    pc += encoded_iseq_trace_instrument(&iseq_encoded[pc], pc_events & (local_events | iseq->aux.exec.global_trace_events), false);
+                }
+            }
 
-        local_events = add_bmethod_events(local_events);
-        for (pc = 0; pc<body->iseq_size;) {
-            rb_event_flag_t pc_events = rb_iseq_event_flags(iseq, pc);
-            pc += encoded_iseq_trace_instrument(&iseq_encoded[pc], pc_events & (local_events | iseq->aux.exec.global_trace_events), false);
+            n++;
         }
     }
     return n;
@@ -3952,22 +4163,25 @@ iseq_remove_local_tracepoint(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval)
 struct trace_clear_local_events_struct {
     VALUE tpval;
     int n;
+    rb_ractor_t *r;
 };
 
 static void
 iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_i(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, void *p)
 {
     struct trace_clear_local_events_struct *data = (struct trace_clear_local_events_struct *)p;
-    data->n += iseq_remove_local_tracepoint(iseq, data->tpval);
+    data->n += iseq_remove_local_tracepoint(iseq, data->tpval, data->r);
     iseq_iterate_children(iseq, iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_i, p);
 }
 
 int
-rb_iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval)
+rb_iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval, rb_ractor_t *r)
 {
     struct trace_clear_local_events_struct data;
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
     data.tpval = tpval;
     data.n = 0;
+    data.r = r;
 
     iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_i(iseq, (void *)&data);
     return data.n;
@@ -3985,11 +4199,14 @@ rb_iseq_trace_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events)
         return;
     }
     else {
+        // NOTE: this does not need VM barrier if it's a new ISEQ
         unsigned int pc;
         const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = ISEQ_BODY(iseq);
+
         VALUE *iseq_encoded = (VALUE *)body->iseq_encoded;
         rb_event_flag_t enabled_events;
-        rb_event_flag_t local_events = iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks ? iseq->aux.exec.local_hooks->events : 0;
+        rb_hook_list_t *local_hooks = rb_iseq_local_hooks(iseq, GET_RACTOR(), false);
+        rb_event_flag_t local_events = local_hooks ? local_hooks->events : 0;
         ((rb_iseq_t *)iseq)->aux.exec.global_trace_events = turnon_events;
         enabled_events = add_bmethod_events(turnon_events | local_events);
 
@@ -4005,6 +4222,7 @@ void rb_vm_cc_general(const struct rb_callcache *cc);
 static bool
 clear_attr_cc(VALUE v)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
     if (imemo_type_p(v, imemo_callcache) && vm_cc_ivar_p((const struct rb_callcache *)v)) {
         rb_vm_cc_general((struct rb_callcache *)v);
         return true;
@@ -4017,6 +4235,7 @@ clear_attr_cc(VALUE v)
 static bool
 clear_bf_cc(VALUE v)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
     if (imemo_type_p(v, imemo_callcache) && vm_cc_bf_p((const struct rb_callcache *)v)) {
         rb_vm_cc_general((struct rb_callcache *)v);
         return true;
@@ -4042,7 +4261,10 @@ clear_attr_ccs_i(void *vstart, void *vend, size_t stride, void *data)
 void
 rb_clear_attr_ccs(void)
 {
-    rb_objspace_each_objects(clear_attr_ccs_i, NULL);
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        rb_vm_barrier();
+        rb_objspace_each_objects(clear_attr_ccs_i, NULL);
+    }
 }
 
 static int
@@ -4061,6 +4283,7 @@ clear_bf_ccs_i(void *vstart, void *vend, size_t stride, void *data)
 void
 rb_clear_bf_ccs(void)
 {
+    ASSERT_vm_locking_with_barrier();
     rb_objspace_each_objects(clear_bf_ccs_i, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -4090,7 +4313,10 @@ trace_set_i(void *vstart, void *vend, size_t stride, void *data)
 void
 rb_iseq_trace_set_all(rb_event_flag_t turnon_events)
 {
-    rb_objspace_each_objects(trace_set_i, &turnon_events);
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        rb_vm_barrier();
+        rb_objspace_each_objects(trace_set_i, &turnon_events);
+    }
 }
 
 VALUE
diff --git a/iseq.h b/iseq.h
index a9af64572e..b9bc03c23c 100644
--- a/iseq.h
+++ b/iseq.h
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 static inline void
 ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_CLEAR(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    void *ptr = ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->variable.original_iseq;
-    ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->variable.original_iseq = NULL;
-    ruby_xfree(ptr);
+    VALUE *ptr = (VALUE *)ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->variable.original_iseq;
+    if (ptr) {
+        ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->variable.original_iseq = NULL;
+        SIZED_FREE_N(ptr, ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->iseq_size);
+    }
 }
 
 static inline VALUE *
@@ -104,6 +106,16 @@ struct iseq_compile_data {
     const VALUE err_info;
     const VALUE catch_table_ary;	/* Array */
 
+    /* Mirror fields from ISEQ_BODY so they are accessible during iseq setup */
+    unsigned int iseq_size;
+    VALUE *iseq_encoded; /* half-encoded iseq (insn addr and operands) */
+    bool is_single_mark_bit; /* identifies whether mark bits are single or a list */
+
+    union {
+        iseq_bits_t * list; /* Find references for GC */
+        iseq_bits_t single;
+    } mark_bits;
+
     /* GC is not needed */
     struct iseq_label_data *start_label;
     struct iseq_label_data *end_label;
@@ -119,7 +131,6 @@ struct iseq_compile_data {
       struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage_current;
     } insn;
     bool in_rescue;
-    bool in_masgn;
     int loopval_popped;	/* used by NODE_BREAK */
     int last_line;
     int label_no;
@@ -165,7 +176,12 @@ ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA_CLEAR(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 static inline rb_iseq_t *
 iseq_imemo_alloc(void)
 {
-    return IMEMO_NEW(rb_iseq_t, imemo_iseq, 0);
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq = SHAREABLE_IMEMO_NEW(rb_iseq_t, imemo_iseq, 0);
+
+    // Clear out the whole iseq except for the flags.
+    memset((char *)iseq + sizeof(VALUE), 0, sizeof(rb_iseq_t) - sizeof(VALUE));
+
+    return iseq;
 }
 
 VALUE rb_iseq_ibf_dump(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE opt);
@@ -175,9 +191,12 @@ const rb_iseq_t *rb_iseq_ibf_load_bytes(const char *cstr, size_t);
 VALUE rb_iseq_ibf_load_extra_data(VALUE str);
 void rb_iseq_init_trace(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 int rb_iseq_add_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t turnon_events, VALUE tpval, unsigned int target_line, bool target_bmethod);
-int rb_iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval);
+int rb_iseq_remove_local_tracepoint_recursively(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE tpval, rb_ractor_t *r);
 const rb_iseq_t *rb_iseq_load_iseq(VALUE fname);
+const rb_iseq_t *rb_iseq_compile_iseq(VALUE str, VALUE fname);
 int rb_iseq_opt_frozen_string_literal(void);
+rb_hook_list_t *rb_iseq_local_hooks(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_ractor_t *r, bool create);
+
 
 #if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
 unsigned int *rb_iseq_insns_info_decode_positions(const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body);
@@ -194,7 +213,7 @@ VALUE *rb_iseq_original_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 void rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE misc,
                             VALUE locals, VALUE args,
                             VALUE exception, VALUE body);
-void rb_iseq_mark_and_pin_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *arena);
+void rb_iseq_mark_and_move_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *arena);
 
 VALUE rb_iseq_load(VALUE data, VALUE parent, VALUE opt);
 VALUE rb_iseq_parameters(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_proc);
diff --git a/jit.c b/jit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bd16eab84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+// Glue code shared between YJIT and ZJIT for use from Rust.
+// For FFI safety and bindgen compatibility reasons, certain types of C
+// functions require wrapping before they can be called from Rust. Those show
+// up here.
+//
+// Code specific to YJIT and ZJIT should go to yjit.c and zjit.c respectively.
+
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "vm_callinfo.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "insns.inc"
+#include "insns_info.inc"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "internal/compile.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "vm_sync.h"
+#include "internal/fixnum.h"
+#include "internal/string.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/imemo.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/core/rtypeddata.h"
+#include "zjit.h"
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+
+enum jit_bindgen_constants {
+    // Field offsets for the RObject struct
+    ROBJECT_OFFSET_AS_HEAP_FIELDS = offsetof(struct RObject, as.heap.fields),
+    ROBJECT_OFFSET_AS_ARY = offsetof(struct RObject, as.ary),
+
+    // Field offset for prime classext's fields_obj from a class pointer
+    RCLASS_OFFSET_PRIME_FIELDS_OBJ = offsetof(struct RClass_and_rb_classext_t, classext.fields_obj),
+
+    // Field offset for fields_obj in T_DATA
+    TDATA_OFFSET_FIELDS_OBJ = offsetof(struct RTypedData, fields_obj),
+
+    // Field offsets for the RString struct
+    RUBY_OFFSET_RSTRING_LEN = offsetof(struct RString, len),
+
+    // Shape constant related to RBasic::flags. (See RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID())
+    RB_SHAPE_FLAG_SHIFT = SHAPE_FLAG_SHIFT,
+
+    // Field offsets for rb_execution_context_t
+    RUBY_OFFSET_EC_CFP = offsetof(rb_execution_context_t, cfp),
+    RUBY_OFFSET_EC_INTERRUPT_FLAG = offsetof(rb_execution_context_t, interrupt_flag),
+    RUBY_OFFSET_EC_INTERRUPT_MASK = offsetof(rb_execution_context_t, interrupt_mask),
+    RUBY_OFFSET_EC_THREAD_PTR = offsetof(rb_execution_context_t, thread_ptr),
+    RUBY_OFFSET_EC_RACTOR_ID = offsetof(rb_execution_context_t, ractor_id),
+};
+
+// Manually bound in rust since this is out-of-range of `int`,
+// so this can't be in a `enum`, and we avoid `static const`
+// to avoid allocating storage for the constant.
+const shape_id_t rb_invalid_shape_id = INVALID_SHAPE_ID;
+
+unsigned int
+rb_iseq_encoded_size(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->iseq_size;
+}
+
+// Get the PC for a given index in an iseq
+VALUE *
+rb_iseq_pc_at_idx(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, uint32_t insn_idx)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(IMEMO_TYPE_P(iseq, imemo_iseq));
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(insn_idx < iseq->body->iseq_size);
+    VALUE *encoded = iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
+    VALUE *pc = &encoded[insn_idx];
+    return pc;
+}
+
+// Get the opcode given a program counter. Can return trace opcode variants.
+int
+rb_iseq_opcode_at_pc(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const VALUE *pc)
+{
+    // YJIT should only use iseqs after AST to bytecode compilation.
+    // (Certain non-default interpreter configurations never set ISEQ_TRANSLATED)
+    if (OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(FL_TEST_RAW((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_TRANSLATED));
+    }
+
+    const VALUE at_pc = *pc;
+    return rb_vm_insn_addr2opcode((const void *)at_pc);
+}
+
+// Get the bare opcode given a program counter. Always returns the base
+// instruction, stripping trace/zjit variants.
+int
+rb_iseq_bare_opcode_at_pc(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const VALUE *pc)
+{
+    if (OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(FL_TEST_RAW((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_TRANSLATED));
+    }
+
+    const VALUE at_pc = *pc;
+    return rb_vm_insn_addr2insn((const void *)at_pc);
+}
+
+unsigned long
+rb_RSTRING_LEN(VALUE str)
+{
+    return RSTRING_LEN(str);
+}
+
+char *
+rb_RSTRING_PTR(VALUE str)
+{
+    return RSTRING_PTR(str);
+}
+
+const char *
+rb_insn_name(VALUE insn)
+{
+    return insn_name(insn);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+rb_vm_ci_argc(const struct rb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+    return vm_ci_argc(ci);
+}
+
+ID
+rb_vm_ci_mid(const struct rb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+    return vm_ci_mid(ci);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+rb_vm_ci_flag(const struct rb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+    return vm_ci_flag(ci);
+}
+
+const struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *
+rb_vm_ci_kwarg(const struct rb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+    return vm_ci_kwarg(ci);
+}
+
+int
+rb_get_cikw_keyword_len(const struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *cikw)
+{
+    return cikw->keyword_len;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_get_cikw_keywords_idx(const struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *cikw, int idx)
+{
+    return cikw->keywords[idx];
+}
+
+rb_method_visibility_t
+rb_METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *me)
+{
+    return METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me);
+}
+
+rb_method_type_t
+rb_get_cme_def_type(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
+{
+    if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(cme)) {
+        return VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF;
+    }
+    else {
+        return cme->def->type;
+    }
+}
+
+ID
+rb_get_cme_def_body_attr_id(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
+{
+    return cme->def->body.attr.id;
+}
+
+enum method_optimized_type
+rb_get_cme_def_body_optimized_type(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
+{
+    return cme->def->body.optimized.type;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+rb_get_cme_def_body_optimized_index(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
+{
+    return cme->def->body.optimized.index;
+}
+
+rb_method_cfunc_t *
+rb_get_cme_def_body_cfunc(const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
+{
+    return UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(cme->def, body.cfunc);
+}
+
+uintptr_t
+rb_get_def_method_serial(const rb_method_definition_t *def)
+{
+    return def->method_serial;
+}
+
+ID
+rb_get_def_original_id(const rb_method_definition_t *def)
+{
+    return def->original_id;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_get_def_bmethod_proc(rb_method_definition_t *def)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD);
+    return def->body.bmethod.proc;
+}
+
+rb_proc_t *
+rb_jit_get_proc_ptr(VALUE procv)
+{
+    rb_proc_t *proc;
+    GetProcPtr(procv, proc);
+    return proc;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_optimized_call(VALUE recv, rb_execution_context_t *ec, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat, VALUE block_handler)
+{
+    rb_proc_t *proc;
+    GetProcPtr(recv, proc);
+    return rb_vm_invoke_proc(ec, proc, argc, argv, kw_splat, block_handler);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+rb_jit_iseq_builtin_attrs(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->builtin_attrs;
+}
+
+int
+rb_get_mct_argc(const rb_method_cfunc_t *mct)
+{
+    return mct->argc;
+}
+
+void *
+rb_get_mct_func(const rb_method_cfunc_t *mct)
+{
+    return (void*)(uintptr_t)mct->func; // this field is defined as type VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS)
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_get_def_iseq_ptr(rb_method_definition_t *def)
+{
+    return def_iseq_ptr(def);
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_get_iseq_body_local_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->local_iseq;
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_get_iseq_body_parent_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+rb_get_iseq_body_local_table_size(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->local_table_size;
+}
+
+VALUE *
+rb_get_iseq_body_iseq_encoded(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
+}
+
+unsigned
+rb_get_iseq_body_stack_max(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->stack_max;
+}
+
+enum rb_iseq_type
+rb_get_iseq_body_type(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->type;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_lead(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_lead;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_opt(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_kw(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_kw;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_post(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_post;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_kwrest(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_kwrest;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_anon_kwrest(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.anon_kwrest;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_rest(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_rest;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_ruby2_keywords(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_has_block(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.has_block;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_ambiguous_param0(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_accepts_no_kwarg(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_get_iseq_flags_forwardable(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.flags.forwardable;
+}
+
+// This is defined only as a named struct inside rb_iseq_constant_body.
+// By giving it a separate typedef, we make it nameable by rust-bindgen.
+// Bindgen's temp/anon name isn't guaranteed stable.
+typedef struct rb_iseq_param_keyword rb_iseq_param_keyword_struct;
+
+const rb_iseq_param_keyword_struct *
+rb_get_iseq_body_param_keyword(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.keyword;
+}
+
+unsigned
+rb_get_iseq_body_param_size(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.size;
+}
+
+int
+rb_get_iseq_body_param_lead_num(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.lead_num;
+}
+
+int
+rb_get_iseq_body_param_opt_num(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.opt_num;
+}
+
+const VALUE *
+rb_get_iseq_body_param_opt_table(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return iseq->body->param.opt_table;
+}
+
+struct rb_control_frame_struct *
+rb_get_ec_cfp(const rb_execution_context_t *ec)
+{
+    return ec->cfp;
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_get_cfp_iseq(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp)
+{
+    return CFP_ISEQ(cfp);
+}
+
+VALUE *
+rb_get_cfp_pc(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp)
+{
+    return (VALUE*)cfp->pc;
+}
+
+VALUE *
+rb_get_cfp_sp(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp)
+{
+    return cfp->sp;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_get_cfp_self(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp)
+{
+    return cfp->self;
+}
+
+VALUE *
+rb_get_cfp_ep(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp)
+{
+    return (VALUE*)cfp->ep;
+}
+
+const VALUE *
+rb_get_cfp_ep_level(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp, uint32_t lv)
+{
+    uint32_t i;
+    const VALUE *ep = (VALUE*)cfp->ep;
+    for (i = 0; i < lv; i++) {
+        ep = VM_ENV_PREV_EP(ep);
+    }
+    return ep;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_yarv_class_of(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_class_of(obj);
+}
+
+// The FL_TEST() macro
+VALUE
+rb_FL_TEST(VALUE obj, VALUE flags)
+{
+    return RB_FL_TEST(obj, flags);
+}
+
+// The FL_TEST_RAW() macro, normally an internal implementation detail
+VALUE
+rb_FL_TEST_RAW(VALUE obj, VALUE flags)
+{
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(obj, flags);
+}
+
+// The RB_TYPE_P macro
+bool
+rb_RB_TYPE_P(VALUE obj, enum ruby_value_type t)
+{
+    return RB_TYPE_P(obj, t);
+}
+
+long
+rb_RSTRUCT_LEN(VALUE st)
+{
+    return RSTRUCT_LEN(st);
+}
+
+const struct rb_callinfo *
+rb_get_call_data_ci(const struct rb_call_data *cd)
+{
+    return cd->ci;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_BASIC_OP_UNREDEFINED_P(enum ruby_basic_operators bop, uint32_t klass)
+{
+    return BASIC_OP_UNREDEFINED_P(bop, klass);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_RCLASS_ORIGIN(VALUE c)
+{
+    return RCLASS_ORIGIN(c);
+}
+
+// For debug builds
+void
+rb_assert_iseq_handle(VALUE handle)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(IMEMO_TYPE_P(handle, imemo_iseq));
+}
+
+// Assert that we have the VM lock. Relevant mostly for multi ractor situations.
+// The GC takes the lock before calling us, and this asserts that it indeed happens.
+void
+rb_assert_holding_vm_lock(void)
+{
+    ASSERT_vm_locking();
+}
+
+int
+rb_IMEMO_TYPE_P(VALUE imemo, enum imemo_type imemo_type)
+{
+    return IMEMO_TYPE_P(imemo, imemo_type);
+}
+
+void
+rb_assert_cme_handle(VALUE handle)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(handle));
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(IMEMO_TYPE_P(handle, imemo_ment));
+}
+
+// YJIT and ZJIT need this function to never allocate and never raise
+VALUE
+rb_yarv_ary_entry_internal(VALUE ary, long offset)
+{
+    return rb_ary_entry_internal(ary, offset);
+}
+
+long
+rb_jit_array_len(VALUE a)
+{
+    return rb_array_len(a);
+}
+
+void
+rb_set_cfp_pc(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp, const VALUE *pc)
+{
+    cfp->pc = pc;
+}
+
+void
+rb_set_cfp_sp(struct rb_control_frame_struct *cfp, VALUE *sp)
+{
+    cfp->sp = sp;
+}
+
+bool
+rb_jit_shape_complex_p(shape_id_t shape_id)
+{
+    return rb_shape_complex_p(shape_id);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_jit_multi_ractor_p(void)
+{
+    return rb_multi_ractor_p();
+}
+
+bool
+rb_jit_class_fields_embedded_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE fields_obj = RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(klass)->fields_obj;
+    return !fields_obj || !FL_TEST_RAW(fields_obj, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_jit_data_fields_embedded_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE fields_obj = RTYPEDDATA(obj)->fields_obj;
+    return !fields_obj || !FL_TEST_RAW(fields_obj, OBJ_FIELD_HEAP);
+}
+
+// Acquire the VM lock and then signal all other Ruby threads (ractors) to
+// contend for the VM lock, putting them to sleep. ZJIT and YJIT use this to
+// evict threads running inside generated code so among other things, it can
+// safely change memory protection of regions housing generated code.
+void
+rb_jit_vm_lock_then_barrier(unsigned int *recursive_lock_level, const char *file, int line)
+{
+    rb_vm_lock_enter(recursive_lock_level, file, line);
+    rb_vm_barrier();
+}
+
+// Release the VM lock. The lock level must point to the same integer used to
+// acquire the lock.
+void
+rb_jit_vm_unlock(unsigned int *recursive_lock_level, const char *file, int line)
+{
+    rb_vm_lock_leave(recursive_lock_level, file, line);
+}
+
+void
+rb_iseq_reset_jit_func(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(IMEMO_TYPE_P(iseq, imemo_iseq));
+    iseq->body->jit_entry = NULL;
+    iseq->body->jit_exception = NULL;
+    // Enable re-compiling this ISEQ. Event when it's invalidated for TracePoint,
+    // we'd like to re-compile ISEQs that haven't been converted to trace_* insns.
+    iseq->body->jit_entry_calls = 0;
+    iseq->body->jit_exception_calls = 0;
+}
+
+// Callback data for rb_jit_for_each_iseq
+struct iseq_callback_data {
+    rb_iseq_callback callback;
+    void *data;
+};
+
+// Heap-walking callback for rb_jit_for_each_iseq
+static int
+for_each_iseq_i(void *vstart, void *vend, size_t stride, void *data)
+{
+    const struct iseq_callback_data *callback_data = (struct iseq_callback_data *)data;
+    VALUE v = (VALUE)vstart;
+    for (; v != (VALUE)vend; v += stride) {
+        void *ptr = rb_asan_poisoned_object_p(v);
+        rb_asan_unpoison_object(v, false);
+
+        if (rb_obj_is_iseq(v)) {
+            rb_iseq_t *iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)v;
+            callback_data->callback(iseq, callback_data->data);
+        }
+
+        if (ptr) {
+            rb_asan_poison_object(v);
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t
+rb_jit_get_page_size(void)
+{
+#if defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+    long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+    if (page_size <= 0) rb_bug("jit: failed to get page size");
+
+    // 1 GiB limit. x86 CPUs with PDPE1GB can do this and anything larger is unexpected.
+    // Though our design sort of assume we have fine grained control over memory protection
+    // which require small page sizes.
+    if (page_size > 0x40000000l) rb_bug("jit page size too large");
+
+    return (uint32_t)page_size;
+#else
+#error "JIT supports POSIX only for now"
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+// Align the current write position to a multiple of bytes
+static uint8_t *
+align_ptr(uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t multiple)
+{
+    // Compute the pointer modulo the given alignment boundary
+    uint32_t rem = ((uint32_t)(uintptr_t)ptr) % multiple;
+
+    // If the pointer is already aligned, stop
+    if (rem == 0)
+        return ptr;
+
+    // Pad the pointer by the necessary amount to align it
+    uint32_t pad = multiple - rem;
+
+    return ptr + pad;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Address space reservation. Memory pages are mapped on an as needed basis.
+// See the Rust mm module for details.
+uint8_t *
+rb_jit_reserve_addr_space(uint32_t mem_size)
+{
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    uint8_t *mem_block;
+
+    // On Linux
+    #if defined(MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+        uint32_t const page_size = (uint32_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+        uint8_t *const cfunc_sample_addr = (void *)(uintptr_t)&rb_jit_reserve_addr_space;
+        uint8_t *const probe_region_end = cfunc_sample_addr + INT32_MAX;
+        // Align the requested address to page size
+        uint8_t *req_addr = align_ptr(cfunc_sample_addr, page_size);
+
+        // Probe for addresses close to this function using MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
+        // to improve odds of being in range for 32-bit relative call instructions.
+        do {
+            mem_block = mmap(
+                req_addr,
+                mem_size,
+                PROT_NONE,
+                MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE,
+                -1,
+                0
+            );
+
+            // If we succeeded, stop
+            if (mem_block != MAP_FAILED) {
+                ruby_annotate_mmap(mem_block, mem_size, "Ruby:rb_jit_reserve_addr_space");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // -4MiB. Downwards to probe away from the heap. (On x86/A64 Linux
+            // main_code_addr < heap_addr, and in case we are in a shared
+            // library mapped higher than the heap, downwards is still better
+            // since it's towards the end of the heap rather than the stack.)
+            req_addr -= 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+        } while (req_addr < probe_region_end);
+
+    // On MacOS and other platforms
+    #else
+        // Try to map a chunk of memory as executable
+        mem_block = mmap(
+            (void *)rb_jit_reserve_addr_space,
+            mem_size,
+            PROT_NONE,
+            MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
+            -1,
+            0
+        );
+    #endif
+
+    // Fallback
+    if (mem_block == MAP_FAILED) {
+        // Try again without the address hint (e.g., valgrind)
+        mem_block = mmap(
+            NULL,
+            mem_size,
+            PROT_NONE,
+            MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
+            -1,
+            0
+        );
+
+        if (mem_block != MAP_FAILED) {
+            ruby_annotate_mmap(mem_block, mem_size, "Ruby:rb_jit_reserve_addr_space:fallback");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check that the memory mapping was successful
+    if (mem_block == MAP_FAILED) {
+        perror("ruby: jit: mmap:");
+        if(errno == ENOMEM) {
+            // No crash report if it's only insufficient memory
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        rb_bug("mmap failed");
+    }
+
+    return mem_block;
+#else
+    // Windows not supported for now
+    return NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Walk all ISEQs in the heap and invoke the callback - shared between YJIT and ZJIT
+void
+rb_jit_for_each_iseq(rb_iseq_callback callback, void *data)
+{
+    struct iseq_callback_data callback_data = { .callback = callback, .data = data };
+    rb_objspace_each_objects(for_each_iseq_i, (void *)&callback_data);
+}
+
+bool
+rb_jit_mark_writable(void *mem_block, uint32_t mem_size)
+{
+    return mprotect(mem_block, mem_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) == 0;
+}
+
+void
+rb_jit_mark_executable(void *mem_block, uint32_t mem_size)
+{
+    // Do not call mprotect when mem_size is zero. Some platforms may return
+    // an error for it. https://github.com/Shopify/ruby/issues/450
+    if (mem_size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (mprotect(mem_block, mem_size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC)) {
+        rb_bug("Couldn't make JIT page (%p, %lu bytes) executable, errno: %s",
+            mem_block, (unsigned long)mem_size, strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+// Free the specified memory block.
+bool
+rb_jit_mark_unused(void *mem_block, uint32_t mem_size)
+{
+    // On Linux, you need to use madvise MADV_DONTNEED to free memory.
+    // We might not need to call this on macOS, but it's not really documented.
+    // We generally prefer to do the same thing on both to ease testing too.
+    madvise(mem_block, mem_size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+
+    // On macOS, mprotect PROT_NONE seems to reduce RSS.
+    // We also call this on Linux to avoid executing unused pages.
+    return mprotect(mem_block, mem_size, PROT_NONE) == 0;
+}
+
+// Invalidate icache for arm64.
+// `start` is inclusive and `end` is exclusive.
+void
+rb_jit_icache_invalidate(void *start, void *end)
+{
+    // Clear/invalidate the instruction cache. Compiles to nothing on x86_64
+    // but required on ARM before running freshly written code.
+    // On Darwin it's the same as calling sys_icache_invalidate().
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+    __builtin___clear_cache(start, end);
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+#error No instruction cache clear available with this compiler on Aarch64!
+#endif
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_jit_fix_mod_fix(VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_fix_mod_fix(recv, obj);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_jit_fix_div_fix(VALUE recv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_fix_div_fix(recv, obj);
+}
+
+// YJIT/ZJIT need this function to never allocate and never raise
+VALUE
+rb_yarv_str_eql_internal(VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
+{
+    // We wrap this since it's static inline
+    return rb_str_eql_internal(str1, str2);
+}
+
+void rb_jit_str_concat_codepoint(VALUE str, VALUE codepoint);
+
+attr_index_t
+rb_jit_shape_capacity(shape_id_t shape_id)
+{
+    return RSHAPE_CAPACITY(shape_id);
+}
diff --git a/jit/Cargo.toml b/jit/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..530fe3674b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jit/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "jit"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/jit/src/lib.rs b/jit/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0f043131e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jit/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//! Shared code between YJIT and ZJIT.
+#![warn(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)] // Adopt 2024 edition default when targeting 2021 editions
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System};
+
+#[global_allocator]
+pub static GLOBAL_ALLOCATOR: StatsAlloc = StatsAlloc { alloc_size: AtomicUsize::new(0) };
+
+pub struct StatsAlloc {
+    pub alloc_size: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for StatsAlloc {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        self.alloc_size.fetch_add(layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        unsafe { System.alloc(layout) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        self.alloc_size.fetch_sub(layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        unsafe { System.dealloc(ptr, layout) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn alloc_zeroed(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        self.alloc_size.fetch_add(layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        unsafe { System.alloc_zeroed(layout) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn realloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout, new_size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
+        if new_size > layout.size() {
+            self.alloc_size.fetch_add(new_size - layout.size(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        } else if new_size < layout.size() {
+            self.alloc_size.fetch_sub(layout.size() - new_size, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        }
+        unsafe { System.realloc(ptr, layout, new_size) }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jit_hook.rb b/jit_hook.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c605d6e26d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jit_hook.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class Module
+  # Internal helper for built-in initializations to define methods only when JIT is enabled.
+  # This method is removed in jit_undef.rb.
+  private def with_jit(&block) # :nodoc:
+    if defined?(RubyVM::ZJIT)
+      RubyVM::ZJIT.send(:add_jit_hook, block)
+    end
+    if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
+      RubyVM::YJIT.send(:add_jit_hook, block)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/jit_undef.rb b/jit_undef.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e855fe7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jit_undef.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Remove the helper defined in jit_hook.rb
+class Module
+  undef :with_jit
+end
diff --git a/kernel.rb b/kernel.rb
index 554de49977..dc5cea1515 100644
--- a/kernel.rb
+++ b/kernel.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ module Kernel
   #
   def class
     Primitive.attr! :leaf
-    Primitive.cexpr! 'rb_obj_class(self)'
+    Primitive.cexpr! 'rb_obj_class_must(self)'
   end
 
   #
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ module Kernel
   #    loop do
   #      print "Input: "
   #      line = gets
+  #      # break if q, Q is entered or EOF signal (Ctrl-D on Unix, Ctrl-Z on windows) is sent
   #      break if !line or line =~ /^q/i
   #      # ...
   #    end
@@ -291,13 +292,3 @@ module Kernel
     end
   end
 end
-
-class Module
-  # Internal helper for built-in initializations to define methods only when YJIT is enabled.
-  # This method is removed in yjit_hook.rb.
-  private def with_yjit(&block) # :nodoc:
-    if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
-      RubyVM::YJIT.send(:add_yjit_hook, block)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/English.gemspec b/lib/English.gemspec
index 5f4eb420c2..9c09555ca1 100644
--- a/lib/English.gemspec
+++ b/lib/English.gemspec
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.name          = "english"
-  spec.version       = "0.8.0"
+  spec.version       = "0.8.1"
   spec.authors       = ["Yukihiro Matsumoto"]
   spec.email         = ["matz@ruby-lang.org"]
 
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
   # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z 2>#{IO::NULL}`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  excludes = %W[
+    :^/test :^/spec :^/feature :^/bin
+    :^/Rakefile :^/Gemfile\* :^/.git*
+    :^/#{File.basename(__FILE__)}
+  ]
+  spec.files = IO.popen(%W[git ls-files -z --] + excludes, err: IO::NULL) do |f|
+    f.readlines("\x0", chomp: true)
   end
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 end
diff --git a/lib/English.rb b/lib/English.rb
index 03fe721991..bf7896dcd6 100644
--- a/lib/English.rb
+++ b/lib/English.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #      "waterbuffalo" =~ /buff/
 #      print $', $$, "\n"
 #
-#  With English:
+#  With 'English':
 #
 #      require "English"
 #
@@ -20,30 +20,30 @@
 #  Below is a full list of descriptive aliases and their associated global
 #  variable:
 #
-#  $ERROR_INFO::              $!
-#  $ERROR_POSITION::          $@
-#  $FS::                      $;
-#  $FIELD_SEPARATOR::         $;
-#  $OFS::                     $,
-#  $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR::  $,
-#  $RS::                      $/
-#  $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR::  $/
-#  $ORS::                     $\
-#  $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR:: $\
-#  $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER::       $.
-#  $NR::                      $.
-#  $LAST_READ_LINE::          $_
-#  $DEFAULT_OUTPUT::          $>
-#  $DEFAULT_INPUT::           $<
-#  $PID::                     $$
-#  $PROCESS_ID::              $$
-#  $CHILD_STATUS::            $?
-#  $LAST_MATCH_INFO::         $~
-#  $ARGV::                    $*
-#  $MATCH::                   $&
-#  $PREMATCH::                $`
-#  $POSTMATCH::               $'
-#  $LAST_PAREN_MATCH::        $+
+#  <tt>$ERROR_INFO</tt>::              <tt>$!</tt>
+#  <tt>$ERROR_POSITION</tt>::          <tt>$@</tt>
+#  <tt>$FS</tt>::                      <tt>$;</tt>
+#  <tt>$FIELD_SEPARATOR</tt>::         <tt>$;</tt>
+#  <tt>$OFS</tt>::                     <tt>$,</tt>
+#  <tt>$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR</tt>::  <tt>$,</tt>
+#  <tt>$RS</tt>::                      <tt>$/</tt>
+#  <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt>::  <tt>$/</tt>
+#  <tt>$ORS</tt>::                     <tt>$\</tt>
+#  <tt>$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt>:: <tt>$\</tt>
+#  <tt>$NR</tt>::                      <tt>$.</tt>
+#  <tt>$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER</tt>::       <tt>$.</tt>
+#  <tt>$LAST_READ_LINE</tt>::          <tt>$_</tt>
+#  <tt>$DEFAULT_OUTPUT</tt>::          <tt>$></tt>
+#  <tt>$DEFAULT_INPUT</tt>::           <tt>$<</tt>
+#  <tt>$PID</tt>::                     <tt>$$</tt>
+#  <tt>$PROCESS_ID</tt>::              <tt>$$</tt>
+#  <tt>$CHILD_STATUS</tt>::            <tt>$?</tt>
+#  <tt>$LAST_MATCH_INFO</tt>::         <tt>$~</tt>
+#  <tt>$ARGV</tt>::                    <tt>$*</tt>
+#  <tt>$MATCH</tt>::                   <tt>$&</tt>
+#  <tt>$PREMATCH</tt>::                <tt>$`</tt>
+#  <tt>$POSTMATCH</tt>::               <tt>$'</tt>
+#  <tt>$LAST_PAREN_MATCH</tt>::        <tt>$+</tt>
 #
 module English end if false
 
diff --git a/lib/bundled_gems.rb b/lib/bundled_gems.rb
index 4e96c555d3..a287c49a34 100644
--- a/lib/bundled_gems.rb
+++ b/lib/bundled_gems.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 # -*- frozen-string-literal: true -*-
 
+module Gem # :nodoc:
+  # TODO: the nodoc above is a workaround for RDoc's Prism parser handling stopdoc differently, we may want to use
+  # stopdoc/startdoc pair like before
+end
+
 module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
   SINCE = {
-    "matrix" => "3.1.0",
-    "net-ftp" => "3.1.0",
-    "net-imap" => "3.1.0",
-    "net-pop" => "3.1.0",
-    "net-smtp" => "3.1.0",
-    "prime" => "3.1.0",
     "racc" => "3.3.0",
     "abbrev" => "3.4.0",
     "base64" => "3.4.0",
@@ -21,16 +20,17 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
     "resolv-replace" => "3.4.0",
     "rinda" => "3.4.0",
     "syslog" => "3.4.0",
-    "ostruct" => "3.5.0",
-    "pstore" => "3.5.0",
-    "rdoc" => "3.5.0",
-    "win32ole" => "3.5.0",
-    "fiddle" => "3.5.0",
-    "logger" => "3.5.0",
-    "benchmark" => "3.5.0",
-    "irb" => "3.5.0",
-    "reline" => "3.5.0",
-    # "readline" => "3.5.0", # This is wrapper for reline. We don't warn for this.
+    "ostruct" => "4.0.0",
+    "pstore" => "4.0.0",
+    "rdoc" => "4.0.0",
+    "win32ole" => "4.0.0",
+    "fiddle" => "4.0.0",
+    "logger" => "4.0.0",
+    "benchmark" => "4.0.0",
+    "irb" => "4.0.0",
+    "reline" => "4.0.0",
+    # "readline" => "4.0.0", # This is wrapper for reline. We don't warn for this.
+    "tsort" => "4.1.0",
   }.freeze
 
   EXACT = {
@@ -55,12 +55,7 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
       kernel_class.send(:alias_method, :no_warning_require, :require)
       kernel_class.send(:define_method, :require) do |name|
         if message = ::Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.warning?(name, specs: spec_names)
-          uplevel = ::Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel
-          if uplevel > 0
-            Kernel.warn message, uplevel: uplevel
-          else
-            Kernel.warn message
-          end
+          Kernel.warn message, uplevel: ::Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel
         end
         kernel_class.send(:no_warning_require, name)
       end
@@ -92,11 +87,10 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
       uplevel += 1
       # Don't show script name when bundle exec and call ruby script directly.
       if cl.path.end_with?("bundle")
-        frame_count = 0
-        break
+        return
       end
     end
-    require_found ? 1 : frame_count - 1
+    require_found ? 1 : (frame_count - 1).nonzero?
   end
 
   def self.warning?(name, specs: nil)
@@ -111,11 +105,14 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
       # and `require "syslog"` to `require "#{ARCHDIR}/syslog.so"`.
       feature.delete_prefix!(ARCHDIR)
       feature.delete_prefix!(LIBDIR)
-      segments = feature.split("/")
+      # 1. A segment for the EXACT mapping and SINCE check
+      # 2. A segment for the SINCE check for dashed names
+      # 3. A segment to check if there's a subfeature
+      segments = feature.split("/", 3)
       name = segments.shift
       name = EXACT[name] || name
       if !SINCE[name]
-        name = [name, segments.shift].join("-")
+        name = "#{name}-#{segments.shift}"
         return unless SINCE[name]
       end
       segments.any?
@@ -125,29 +122,47 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
       false
     end
 
+    if suppress_list = Thread.current[:__bundled_gems_warning_suppression]
+      return if suppress_list.include?(name) || suppress_list.include?(feature)
+    end
+
     return if specs.include?(name)
 
+    # Don't warn if a hyphenated gem provides this feature
+    # (e.g., benchmark-ips provides benchmark/ips, benchmark/timing, etc.)
+    if subfeature
+      prefix = feature.split("/").first + "-"
+      return if specs.any? { |spec, _| spec.start_with?(prefix) }
+
+      # Don't warn if the feature is found outside the standard library
+      # (e.g., benchmark-ips's lib dir is on $LOAD_PATH but not in specs)
+      resolved = $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path(feature) rescue nil
+      if resolved && !resolved[1].start_with?(LIBDIR, ARCHDIR)
+        return
+      end
+    end
+
     return if WARNED[name]
     WARNED[name] = true
 
-    level = RUBY_VERSION < SINCE[name] ? "warning" : "error"
+    level = RUBY_VERSION < SINCE[name] ? :warning : :error
 
     if subfeature
       "#{feature} is found in #{name}, which"
     else
-      "#{feature} #{level == "warning" ? "was loaded" : "used to be loaded"} from the standard library, but"
+      "#{feature} #{level == :warning ? "was loaded" : "used to be loaded"} from the standard library, but"
     end + build_message(name, level)
   end
 
   def self.build_message(name, level)
-    msg = if level == "warning"
+    msg = if level == :warning
       " will no longer be part of the default gems starting from Ruby #{SINCE[name]}"
     else
       " is not part of the default gems since Ruby #{SINCE[name]}."
     end
 
     if defined?(Bundler)
-      motivation = level == "warning" ? "silence this warning" : "fix this error"
+      motivation = level == :warning ? "silence this warning" : "fix this error"
       msg += "\nYou can add #{name} to your Gemfile or gemspec to #{motivation}."
 
       # We detect the gem name from caller_locations. First we walk until we find `require`
@@ -197,17 +212,31 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
   end
 
   def self.force_activate(gem)
+    require "bundler"
     Bundler.reset!
 
+    # Build and activate a temporary definition containing the original gems + the requested gem
     builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-    if Bundler.definition.gemfiles.empty? # bundler/inline
-      Bundler.definition.locked_gems.specs.each{|spec| builder.gem spec.name, spec.version.to_s }
+
+    lockfile = nil
+    if Bundler::SharedHelpers.in_bundle? && Bundler.definition.gemfiles.size > 0
+      Bundler.definition.gemfiles.each {|gemfile| builder.eval_gemfile(gemfile) }
+      lockfile = begin
+        Bundler.default_lockfile
+      rescue Bundler::GemfileNotFound
+        nil
+      end
     else
-      Bundler.definition.gemfiles.each{|gemfile| builder.eval_gemfile(gemfile) }
+      # Fake BUNDLE_GEMFILE and BUNDLE_LOCKFILE to let checks pass
+      orig_gemfile = ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"]
+      orig_lockfile = ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"]
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_GEMFILE", "Gemfile"
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_LOCKFILE", "Gemfile.lock"
     end
+
     builder.gem gem
 
-    definition = builder.to_definition(nil, true)
+    definition = builder.to_definition(lockfile, nil)
     definition.validate_runtime!
 
     begin
@@ -223,6 +252,8 @@ module Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS # :nodoc:
     rescue Bundler::GemNotFound
       warn "Failed to activate #{gem}, please install it with 'gem install #{gem}'"
     ensure
+      ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = orig_gemfile if orig_gemfile
+      ENV['BUNDLE_LOCKFILE'] = orig_lockfile if orig_lockfile
       Bundler.ui = orig_ui
       Bundler::Definition.no_lock = orig_no_lock
     end
@@ -237,7 +268,7 @@ class LoadError
 
     name = path.tr("/", "-")
     if !defined?(Bundler) && Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS::SINCE[name] && !Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS::WARNED[name]
-      warn name + Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.build_message(name, "error"), uplevel: Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel
+      warn name + Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.build_message(name, :error), uplevel: Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel
     end
     super
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler.rb b/lib/bundler.rb
index eea3b0cf17..12dde90fc5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require_relative "bundler/rubygems_ext"
 require_relative "bundler/vendored_fileutils"
-require "pathname"
+autoload :Pathname, "pathname" unless defined?(Pathname)
 require "rbconfig"
 
 require_relative "bundler/errors"
 require_relative "bundler/environment_preserver"
 require_relative "bundler/plugin"
-require_relative "bundler/rubygems_ext"
 require_relative "bundler/rubygems_integration"
 require_relative "bundler/version"
 require_relative "bundler/current_ruby"
@@ -53,9 +53,7 @@ module Bundler
   autoload :FeatureFlag,            File.expand_path("bundler/feature_flag", __dir__)
   autoload :FREEBSD,                File.expand_path("bundler/constants", __dir__)
   autoload :GemHelper,              File.expand_path("bundler/gem_helper", __dir__)
-  autoload :GemHelpers,             File.expand_path("bundler/gem_helpers", __dir__)
   autoload :GemVersionPromoter,     File.expand_path("bundler/gem_version_promoter", __dir__)
-  autoload :Graph,                  File.expand_path("bundler/graph", __dir__)
   autoload :Index,                  File.expand_path("bundler/index", __dir__)
   autoload :Injector,               File.expand_path("bundler/injector", __dir__)
   autoload :Installer,              File.expand_path("bundler/installer", __dir__)
@@ -64,6 +62,7 @@ module Bundler
   autoload :MatchRemoteMetadata,    File.expand_path("bundler/match_remote_metadata", __dir__)
   autoload :Materialization,        File.expand_path("bundler/materialization", __dir__)
   autoload :NULL,                   File.expand_path("bundler/constants", __dir__)
+  autoload :Override,               File.expand_path("bundler/override", __dir__)
   autoload :ProcessLock,            File.expand_path("bundler/process_lock", __dir__)
   autoload :RemoteSpecification,    File.expand_path("bundler/remote_specification", __dir__)
   autoload :Resolver,               File.expand_path("bundler/resolver", __dir__)
@@ -114,13 +113,13 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def configured_bundle_path
-      @configured_bundle_path ||= settings.path.tap(&:validate!)
+      @configured_bundle_path ||= Bundler.settings.path.tap(&:validate!)
     end
 
     # Returns absolute location of where binstubs are installed to.
     def bin_path
       @bin_path ||= begin
-        path = settings[:bin] || "bin"
+        path = Bundler.settings[:bin] || "bin"
         path = Pathname.new(path).expand_path(root).expand_path
         mkdir_p(path)
         path
@@ -158,6 +157,7 @@ module Bundler
       # Return if all groups are already loaded
       return @setup if defined?(@setup) && @setup
 
+      configure_custom_gemfile
       definition.validate_runtime!
 
       SharedHelpers.print_major_deprecations!
@@ -174,14 +174,14 @@ module Bundler
       self_manager.restart_with_locked_bundler_if_needed
     end
 
-    # Automatically install dependencies if Bundler.settings[:auto_install] exists.
+    # Automatically install dependencies if <tt>settings[:auto_install]</tt> exists.
     # This is set through config cmd `bundle config set --global auto_install 1`.
     #
     # Note that this method `nil`s out the global Definition object, so it
     # should be called first, before you instantiate anything like an
     # `Installer` that'll keep a reference to the old one instead.
     def auto_install
-      return unless settings[:auto_install]
+      return unless Bundler.settings[:auto_install]
 
       begin
         definition.specs
@@ -220,8 +220,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def environment
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load", print_caller_location: true
-      load
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load"
     end
 
     # Returns an instance of Bundler::Definition for given Gemfile and lockfile
@@ -239,10 +238,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def frozen_bundle?
-      frozen = settings[:frozen]
+      frozen = Bundler.settings[:frozen]
       return frozen unless frozen.nil?
 
-      settings[:deployment]
+      Bundler.settings[:deployment]
     end
 
     def locked_gems
@@ -343,7 +342,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     def app_cache(custom_path = nil)
       path = custom_path || root
-      Pathname.new(path).join(settings.app_cache_path)
+      Pathname.new(path).join(Bundler.settings.app_cache_path)
     end
 
     def tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s)
@@ -366,16 +365,11 @@ module Bundler
       ORIGINAL_ENV.clone
     end
 
-    # @deprecated Use `unbundled_env` instead
     def clean_env
-      message =
-        "`Bundler.clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
-        "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`"
       removed_message =
         "`Bundler.clean_env` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
         "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`"
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
-      unbundled_env
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
     end
 
     # @return [Hash] Environment with all bundler-related variables removed
@@ -393,16 +387,11 @@ module Bundler
       with_env(original_env) { yield }
     end
 
-    # @deprecated Use `with_unbundled_env` instead
     def with_clean_env
-      message =
-        "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
-        "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`"
       removed_message =
         "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
         "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`"
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
-      with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
     end
 
     # Run block with all bundler-related variables removed
@@ -415,16 +404,11 @@ module Bundler
       with_original_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
     end
 
-    # @deprecated Use `unbundled_system` instead
     def clean_system(*args)
-      message =
-        "`Bundler.clean_system` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
-        "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`"
       removed_message =
         "`Bundler.clean_system` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
         "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`"
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
-      with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.system(*args) }
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
     end
 
     # Run subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
@@ -437,16 +421,11 @@ module Bundler
       with_original_env { Kernel.exec(*args) }
     end
 
-    # @deprecated Use `unbundled_exec` instead
     def clean_exec(*args)
-      message =
-        "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
-        "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`"
       removed_message =
         "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
         "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`"
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
-      with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
     end
 
     # Run a `Kernel.exec` to a subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
@@ -455,10 +434,14 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def local_platform
-      return Gem::Platform::RUBY if settings[:force_ruby_platform]
+      return Gem::Platform::RUBY if Bundler.settings[:force_ruby_platform]
       Gem::Platform.local
     end
 
+    def generic_local_platform
+      Gem::Platform.generic(local_platform)
+    end
+
     def default_gemfile
       SharedHelpers.default_gemfile
     end
@@ -564,7 +547,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def feature_flag
-      @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(VERSION)
+      @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(Bundler.settings[:simulate_version] || VERSION)
     end
 
     def reset!
@@ -580,7 +563,6 @@ module Bundler
 
     def reset_paths!
       @bin_path = nil
-      @bundler_major_version = nil
       @bundle_path = nil
       @configure = nil
       @configured_bundle_path = nil
@@ -606,6 +588,15 @@ module Bundler
       Bundler.rubygems.clear_paths
     end
 
+    def configure_custom_gemfile(custom_gemfile = nil)
+      custom_gemfile ||= Bundler.settings[:gemfile]
+
+      if custom_gemfile && !custom_gemfile.empty?
+        Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_GEMFILE", File.expand_path(custom_gemfile)
+        reset_settings_and_root!
+      end
+    end
+
     def self_manager
       @self_manager ||= begin
                           require_relative "bundler/self_manager"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/build_metadata.rb b/lib/bundler/build_metadata.rb
index 5d2a8b53bb..49d2518078 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/build_metadata.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/build_metadata.rb
@@ -4,21 +4,26 @@ module Bundler
   # Represents metadata from when the Bundler gem was built.
   module BuildMetadata
     # begin ivars
-    @release = false
+    @built_at = nil
     # end ivars
 
     # A hash representation of the build metadata.
     def self.to_h
       {
-        "Built At" => built_at,
+        "Timestamp" => timestamp,
         "Git SHA" => git_commit_sha,
-        "Released Version" => release?,
       }
     end
 
+    # A timestamp representing the date the bundler gem was built, or the
+    # current time if never built
+    def self.timestamp
+      @timestamp ||= @built_at || Time.now.utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%d").freeze
+    end
+
     # A string representing the date the bundler gem was built.
     def self.built_at
-      @built_at ||= Time.now.utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%d").freeze
+      @built_at
     end
 
     # The SHA for the git commit the bundler gem was built from.
@@ -34,10 +39,5 @@ module Bundler
 
       @git_commit_sha ||= "unknown"
     end
-
-    # Whether this is an official release build of Bundler.
-    def self.release?
-      @release
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/bundler.gemspec b/lib/bundler/bundler.gemspec
index 88411f295d..49319e81b4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/bundler.gemspec
+++ b/lib/bundler/bundler.gemspec
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.description = "Bundler manages an application's dependencies through its entire life, across many machines, systematically and repeatably"
 
   s.metadata = {
-    "bug_tracker_uri" => "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3ABundler",
-    "changelog_uri" => "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/bundler/CHANGELOG.md",
+    "bug_tracker_uri" => "https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3ABundler",
+    "changelog_uri" => "https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/blob/master/bundler/CHANGELOG.md",
     "homepage_uri" => "https://bundler.io/",
-    "source_code_uri" => "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/tree/master/bundler",
+    "source_code_uri" => "https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/tree/master/bundler",
   }
 
-  s.required_ruby_version     = ">= 3.1.0"
+  s.required_ruby_version     = ">= 3.2.0"
 
   # It should match the RubyGems version shipped with `required_ruby_version` above
-  s.required_rubygems_version = ">= 3.3.3"
+  s.required_rubygems_version = ">= 3.4.1"
 
   s.files = Dir.glob("lib/bundler{.rb,/**/*}", File::FNM_DOTMATCH).reject {|f| File.directory?(f) }
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/capistrano.rb b/lib/bundler/capistrano.rb
index 705840143f..6d2437d895 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/capistrano.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/capistrano.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,4 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "shared_helpers"
-Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-  "The Bundler task for Capistrano. Please use https://github.com/capistrano/bundler"
-
-# Capistrano task for Bundler.
-#
-# Add "require 'bundler/capistrano'" in your Capistrano deploy.rb, and
-# Bundler will be activated after each new deployment.
-require_relative "deployment"
-require "capistrano/version"
-
-if defined?(Capistrano::Version) && Gem::Version.new(Capistrano::Version).release >= Gem::Version.new("3.0")
-  raise "For Capistrano 3.x integration, please use https://github.com/capistrano/bundler"
-end
-
-Capistrano::Configuration.instance(:must_exist).load do
-  before "deploy:finalize_update", "bundle:install"
-  Bundler::Deployment.define_task(self, :task, except: { no_release: true })
-  set :rake, lambda { "#{fetch(:bundle_cmd, "bundle")} exec rake" }
-end
+Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "The Bundler task for Capistrano. Please use https://github.com/capistrano/bundler"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/checksum.rb b/lib/bundler/checksum.rb
index 46befe5356..ce05818bb0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/checksum.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/checksum.rb
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ module Bundler
       def replace(spec, checksum)
         return unless checksum
 
-        lock_name = spec.name_tuple.lock_name
+        lock_name = spec.lock_name
         @store_mutex.synchronize do
           existing = fetch_checksum(lock_name, checksum.algo)
           if !existing || existing.same_source?(checksum)
@@ -201,10 +201,18 @@ module Bundler
         end
       end
 
-      def register(spec, checksum)
-        return unless checksum
+      def missing?(spec)
+        @store[spec.lock_name].nil?
+      end
+
+      def empty?(spec)
+        return false unless spec.source.is_a?(Bundler::Source::Rubygems)
+
+        @store[spec.lock_name].empty?
+      end
 
-        register_checksum(spec.name_tuple.lock_name, checksum)
+      def register(spec, checksum)
+        register_checksum(spec.lock_name, checksum)
       end
 
       def merge!(other)
@@ -216,9 +224,9 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def to_lock(spec)
-        lock_name = spec.name_tuple.lock_name
+        lock_name = spec.lock_name
         checksums = @store[lock_name]
-        if checksums
+        if checksums&.any?
           "#{lock_name} #{checksums.values.map(&:to_lock).sort.join(",")}"
         else
           lock_name
@@ -229,11 +237,15 @@ module Bundler
 
       def register_checksum(lock_name, checksum)
         @store_mutex.synchronize do
-          existing = fetch_checksum(lock_name, checksum.algo)
-          if existing
-            merge_checksum(lock_name, checksum, existing)
+          if checksum
+            existing = fetch_checksum(lock_name, checksum.algo)
+            if existing
+              merge_checksum(lock_name, checksum, existing)
+            else
+              store_checksum(lock_name, checksum)
+            end
           else
-            store_checksum(lock_name, checksum)
+            init_checksum(lock_name)
           end
         end
       end
@@ -243,7 +255,11 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def store_checksum(lock_name, checksum)
-        (@store[lock_name] ||= {})[checksum.algo] = checksum
+        init_checksum(lock_name)[checksum.algo] = checksum
+      end
+
+      def init_checksum(lock_name)
+        @store[lock_name] ||= {}
       end
 
       def fetch_checksum(lock_name, algo)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli.rb b/lib/bundler/cli.rb
index 91c31651da..9d8a68fff9 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     AUTO_INSTALL_CMDS = %w[show binstubs outdated exec open console licenses clean].freeze
     PARSEABLE_COMMANDS = %w[check config help exec platform show version].freeze
-    EXTENSIONS = ["c", "rust"].freeze
+    EXTENSIONS = ["c", "rust", "go"].freeze
 
     COMMAND_ALIASES = {
       "check" => "c",
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ module Bundler
     }.freeze
 
     def self.start(*)
-      check_deprecated_ext_option(ARGV) if ARGV.include?("--ext")
+      check_invalid_ext_option(ARGV) if ARGV.include?("--ext")
 
       super
     ensure
@@ -59,17 +59,29 @@ module Bundler
     def initialize(*args)
       super
 
-      custom_gemfile = options[:gemfile] || Bundler.settings[:gemfile]
-      if custom_gemfile && !custom_gemfile.empty?
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_GEMFILE", File.expand_path(custom_gemfile)
-        Bundler.reset_settings_and_root!
+      current_cmd = args.last[:current_command].name
+
+      # `bundle config` manages stored settings, so avoid promoting settings
+      # like `gemfile` or `lockfile` to environment variables before it runs.
+      unless current_cmd == "config"
+        Bundler.configure_custom_gemfile(options[:gemfile])
+
+        # lock --lockfile works differently than install --lockfile
+        unless current_cmd == "lock"
+          custom_lockfile = options[:lockfile] || ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"] || Bundler.settings[:lockfile]
+          if custom_lockfile && !custom_lockfile.empty?
+            Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_LOCKFILE", File.expand_path(custom_lockfile)
+            reset_settings = true
+          end
+        end
       end
 
+      Bundler.reset_settings_and_root! if reset_settings
+
       Bundler.auto_switch
 
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :retry, options[:retry]
 
-      current_cmd = args.last[:current_command].name
       Bundler.auto_install if AUTO_INSTALL_CMDS.include?(current_cmd)
     rescue UnknownArgumentError => e
       raise InvalidOption, e.message
@@ -77,7 +89,7 @@ module Bundler
       self.options ||= {}
       unprinted_warnings = Bundler.ui.unprinted_warnings
       Bundler.ui = UI::Shell.new(options)
-      Bundler.ui.level = "debug" if options["verbose"]
+      Bundler.ui.level = "debug" if options[:verbose] || Bundler.settings[:verbose]
       unprinted_warnings.each {|w| Bundler.ui.warn(w) }
     end
 
@@ -92,7 +104,7 @@ module Bundler
       primary_commands = ["install", "update", "cache", "exec", "config", "help"]
 
       list = self.class.printable_commands(true)
-      by_name = list.group_by {|name, _message| name.match(/^bundle (\w+)/)[1] }
+      by_name = list.group_by {|name, _message| name.match(/^bundler? (\w+)/)[1] }
       utilities = by_name.keys.sort - primary_commands
       primary_commands.map! {|name| (by_name[name] || raise("no primary command #{name}")).first }
       utilities.map! {|name| by_name[name].first }
@@ -107,7 +119,33 @@ module Bundler
       shell.say
       self.class.send(:class_options_help, shell)
     end
-    default_task(Bundler.feature_flag.default_cli_command)
+
+    desc "install_or_cli_help", "Deprecated alias of install", hide: true
+    def install_or_cli_help
+      Bundler.ui.warn <<~MSG
+        `bundle install_or_cli_help` is a deprecated alias of `bundle install`.
+        It might be called due to the 'default_cli_command' being set to 'install_or_cli_help',
+        if so fix that by running `bundle config set default_cli_command install --global`.
+      MSG
+      invoke_other_command("install")
+    end
+
+    def self.default_command(meth = nil)
+      return super if meth
+
+      unless Bundler.settings[:default_cli_command]
+        Bundler.ui.info <<~MSG
+          In a future version of Bundler, running `bundle` without argument will no longer run `bundle install`.
+          Instead, the `cli_help` command will be displayed. Please use `bundle install` explicitly for scripts like CI/CD.
+          You can use the future behavior now with `bundle config set default_cli_command cli_help --global`,
+          or you can continue to use the current behavior with `bundle config set default_cli_command install --global`.
+          This message will be removed after a default_cli_command value is set.
+
+        MSG
+      end
+
+      Bundler.settings[:default_cli_command] || "install"
+    end
 
     class_option "no-color", type: :boolean, desc: "Disable colorization in output"
     class_option "retry", type: :numeric, aliases: "-r", banner: "NUM",
@@ -117,6 +155,10 @@ module Bundler
     def help(cli = nil)
       cli = self.class.all_aliases[cli] if self.class.all_aliases[cli]
 
+      if Bundler.settings[:plugins] && Bundler::Plugin.command?(cli) && !self.class.all_commands.key?(cli)
+        return Bundler::Plugin.exec_command(cli, ["--help"])
+      end
+
       case cli
       when "gemfile" then command = "gemfile"
       when nil       then command = "bundle"
@@ -130,7 +172,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       if man_pages.include?(command)
         man_page = man_pages[command]
-        if Bundler.which("man") && !man_path.match?(%r{^file:/.+!/META-INF/jruby.home/.+})
+        if Bundler.which("man") && !man_path.match?(%r{^(?:file:/.+!|uri:classloader:)/META-INF/jruby.home/.+})
           Kernel.exec("man", man_page)
         else
           puts File.read("#{man_path}/#{File.basename(man_page)}.ronn")
@@ -143,7 +185,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def self.handle_no_command_error(command, has_namespace = $thor_runner)
-      if Bundler.feature_flag.plugins? && Bundler::Plugin.command?(command)
+      if Bundler.settings[:plugins] && Bundler::Plugin.command?(command)
         return Bundler::Plugin.exec_command(command, ARGV[1..-1])
       end
 
@@ -173,7 +215,7 @@ module Bundler
     D
     method_option "dry-run", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Lock the Gemfile"
     method_option "gemfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
-    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME).#{" Bundler will remember this value for future installs on this machine" unless Bundler.feature_flag.forget_cli_options?}"
+    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default, namely, $BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME (removed)"
     def check
       remembered_flag_deprecation("path")
 
@@ -187,12 +229,11 @@ module Bundler
     long_desc <<-D
       Removes the given gems from the Gemfile while ensuring that the resulting Gemfile is still valid. If the gem is not found, Bundler prints a error message and if gem could not be removed due to any reason Bundler will display a warning.
     D
-    method_option "install", type: :boolean, banner: "Runs 'bundle install' after removing the gems from the Gemfile"
+    method_option "install", type: :boolean, banner: "Runs 'bundle install' after removing the gems from the Gemfile (removed)"
     def remove(*gems)
       if ARGV.include?("--install")
-        message = "The `--install` flag has been deprecated. `bundle install` is triggered by default."
         removed_message = "The `--install` flag has been removed. `bundle install` is triggered by default."
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message)
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
       end
 
       require_relative "cli/remove"
@@ -210,42 +251,53 @@ module Bundler
 
       If the bundle has already been installed, bundler will tell you so and then exit.
     D
-    method_option "binstubs", type: :string, lazy_default: "bin", banner: "Generate bin stubs for bundled gems to ./bin"
-    method_option "clean", type: :boolean, banner: "Run bundle clean automatically after install"
-    method_option "deployment", type: :boolean, banner: "Install using defaults tuned for deployment environments"
-    method_option "frozen", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this install"
+    method_option "binstubs", type: :string, lazy_default: "bin", banner: "Generate bin stubs for bundled gems to ./bin (removed)"
+    method_option "clean", type: :boolean, banner: "Run bundle clean automatically after install (removed)"
+    method_option "deployment", type: :boolean, banner: "Install using defaults tuned for deployment environments (removed)"
+    method_option "frozen", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this install (removed)"
     method_option "full-index", type: :boolean, banner: "Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems"
     method_option "gemfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
     method_option "jobs", aliases: "-j", type: :numeric, banner: "Specify the number of jobs to run in parallel"
     method_option "local", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not attempt to fetch gems remotely and use the gem cache instead"
+    method_option "lockfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified lockfile instead of the default."
     method_option "prefer-local", type: :boolean, banner: "Only attempt to fetch gems remotely if not present locally, even if newer versions are available remotely"
     method_option "no-cache", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't update the existing gem cache."
-    method_option "redownload", type: :boolean, aliases: "--force", banner: "Force downloading every gem."
-    method_option "no-prune", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't remove stale gems from the cache."
-    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME).#{" Bundler will remember this value for future installs on this machine" unless Bundler.feature_flag.forget_cli_options?}"
+    method_option "no-lock", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't create a lockfile."
+    method_option "force", type: :boolean, aliases: "--redownload", banner: "Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed"
+    method_option "no-prune", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't remove stale gems from the cache (removed)."
+    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default, namely, $BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME (removed)."
     method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
-    method_option "shebang", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different shebang executable name than the default (usually 'ruby')"
+    method_option "shebang", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different shebang executable name than the default, usually 'ruby' (removed)"
     method_option "standalone", type: :array, lazy_default: [], banner: "Make a bundle that can work without the Bundler runtime"
-    method_option "system", type: :boolean, banner: "Install to the system location ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME) even if the bundle was previously installed somewhere else for this application"
+    method_option "system", type: :boolean, banner: "Install to the system location ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME) even if the bundle was previously installed somewhere else for this application (removed)"
     method_option "trust-policy", alias: "P", type: :string, banner: "Gem trust policy (like gem install -P). Must be one of #{Bundler.rubygems.security_policy_keys.join("|")}"
     method_option "target-rbconfig", type: :string, banner: "Path to rbconfig.rb for the deployment target platform"
-    method_option "without", type: :array, banner: "Exclude gems that are part of the specified named group."
-    method_option "with", type: :array, banner: "Include gems that are part of the specified named group."
+    method_option "without", type: :array, banner: "Exclude gems that are part of the specified named group (removed)."
+    method_option "with", type: :array, banner: "Include gems that are part of the specified named group (removed)."
+    method_option "cooldown", type: :numeric, banner: "Only consider gem versions published at least N days ago. Use 0 to disable."
     def install
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, "The `--force` option has been renamed to `--redownload`") if ARGV.include?("--force")
-
       %w[clean deployment frozen no-prune path shebang without with].each do |option|
         remembered_flag_deprecation(option)
       end
 
       print_remembered_flag_deprecation("--system", "path.system", "true") if ARGV.include?("--system")
 
-      remembered_negative_flag_deprecation("no-deployment")
+      remembered_flag_deprecation("deployment", negative: true)
+
+      if ARGV.include?("--binstubs")
+        removed_message = "The --binstubs option has been removed in favor of `bundle binstubs --all`"
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
+      end
 
       require_relative "cli/install"
+      options = self.options.dup
+      options["lockfile"] ||= ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"]
       Bundler.settings.temporary(no_install: false) do
-        Install.new(options.dup).run
+        Install.new(options).run
       end
+    rescue GemfileNotFound => error
+      invoke_other_command("cli_help")
+      raise error # re-raise to show the error and get a failing exit status
     end
 
     map aliases_for("install")
@@ -263,7 +315,7 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "local", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not attempt to fetch gems remotely and use the gem cache instead"
     method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
     method_option "source", type: :array, banner: "Update a specific source (and all gems associated with it)"
-    method_option "redownload", type: :boolean, aliases: "--force", banner: "Force downloading every gem."
+    method_option "force", type: :boolean, aliases: "--redownload", banner: "Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed"
     method_option "ruby", type: :boolean, banner: "Update ruby specified in Gemfile.lock"
     method_option "bundler", type: :string, lazy_default: "> 0.a", banner: "Update the locked version of bundler"
     method_option "patch", type: :boolean, banner: "Prefer updating only to next patch version"
@@ -273,8 +325,8 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "strict", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest --patch | --minor | --major"
     method_option "conservative", type: :boolean, banner: "Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow shared dependencies to be updated."
     method_option "all", type: :boolean, banner: "Update everything."
+    method_option "cooldown", type: :numeric, banner: "Only consider gem versions published at least N days ago. Use 0 to disable."
     def update(*gems)
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, "The `--force` option has been renamed to `--redownload`") if ARGV.include?("--force")
       require_relative "cli/update"
       Bundler.settings.temporary(no_install: false) do
         Update.new(options, gems).run
@@ -287,12 +339,11 @@ module Bundler
       Calling show with [GEM] will list the exact location of that gem on your machine.
     D
     method_option "paths", type: :boolean, banner: "List the paths of all gems that are required by your Gemfile."
-    method_option "outdated", type: :boolean, banner: "Show verbose output including whether gems are outdated."
+    method_option "outdated", type: :boolean, banner: "Show verbose output including whether gems are outdated (removed)."
     def show(gem_name = nil)
       if ARGV.include?("--outdated")
-        message = "the `--outdated` flag to `bundle show` was undocumented and will be removed without replacement"
-        removed_message = "the `--outdated` flag to `bundle show` was undocumented and has been removed without replacement"
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message)
+        removed_message = "the `--outdated` flag to `bundle show` has been removed in favor of `bundle show --verbose`"
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
       end
       require_relative "cli/show"
       Show.new(options, gem_name).run
@@ -302,6 +353,7 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "name-only", type: :boolean, banner: "print only the gem names"
     method_option "only-group", type: :array, default: [], banner: "print gems from a given set of groups"
     method_option "without-group", type: :array, default: [], banner: "print all gems except from a given set of groups"
+    method_option "format", type: :string, banner: "format output ('json' is the only supported format)"
     method_option "paths", type: :boolean, banner: "print the path to each gem in the bundle"
     def list
       require_relative "cli/list"
@@ -325,12 +377,14 @@ module Bundler
       will create binstubs for all given gems.
     D
     method_option "force", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Overwrite existing binstubs if they exist"
-    method_option "path", type: :string, lazy_default: "bin", banner: "Binstub destination directory (default bin)"
+    method_option "path", type: :string, lazy_default: "bin", banner: "Binstub destination directory, `bin` by default (removed)"
     method_option "shebang", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different shebang executable name than the default (usually 'ruby')"
     method_option "standalone", type: :boolean, banner: "Make binstubs that can work without the Bundler runtime"
     method_option "all", type: :boolean, banner: "Install binstubs for all gems"
     method_option "all-platforms", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Install binstubs for all platforms"
     def binstubs(*gems)
+      remembered_flag_deprecation("path", option_name: "bin")
+
       require_relative "cli/binstubs"
       Binstubs.new(options, gems).run
     end
@@ -351,8 +405,10 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "glob", type: :string, banner: "The location of a dependency's .gemspec, expanded within Ruby (single quotes recommended)"
     method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
     method_option "skip-install", type: :boolean, banner: "Adds gem to the Gemfile but does not install it"
-    method_option "optimistic", type: :boolean, banner: "Adds optimistic declaration of version to gem"
+    method_option "optimistic", type: :boolean, banner: "Ignored (now default behavior)"
+    method_option "pessimistic", type: :boolean, banner: "Adds pessimistic declaration of version to gem"
     method_option "strict", type: :boolean, banner: "Adds strict declaration of version to gem"
+    method_option "cooldown", type: :numeric, banner: "Only consider gem versions published at least N days ago. Use 0 to disable."
     def add(*gems)
       require_relative "cli/add"
       Add.new(options.dup, gems).run
@@ -383,6 +439,7 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "filter-patch", type: :boolean, banner: "Only list patch newer versions"
     method_option "parseable", aliases: "--porcelain", type: :boolean, banner: "Use minimal formatting for more parseable output"
     method_option "only-explicit", type: :boolean, banner: "Only list gems specified in your Gemfile, not their dependencies"
+    method_option "cooldown", type: :numeric, banner: "Only consider gem versions published at least N days ago. Use 0 to disable."
     def outdated(*gems)
       require_relative "cli/outdated"
       Outdated.new(options, gems).run
@@ -396,15 +453,15 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     desc "cache [OPTIONS]", "Locks and then caches all of the gems into vendor/cache"
-    method_option "all", type: :boolean, default: Bundler.feature_flag.cache_all?, banner: "Include all sources (including path and git)."
+    method_option "all", type: :boolean, default: Bundler.settings[:cache_all], banner: "Include all sources (including path and git) (removed)."
     method_option "all-platforms", type: :boolean, banner: "Include gems for all platforms present in the lockfile, not only the current one"
     method_option "cache-path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different cache path than the default (vendor/cache)."
     method_option "gemfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
     method_option "no-install", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't install the gems, only update the cache."
-    method_option "no-prune", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't remove stale gems from the cache."
-    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME).#{" Bundler will remember this value for future installs on this machine" unless Bundler.feature_flag.forget_cli_options?}"
+    method_option "no-prune", type: :boolean, banner: "Don't remove stale gems from the cache (removed)."
+    method_option "path", type: :string, banner: "Specify a different path than the system default, namely, $BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME (removed)."
     method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
-    method_option "frozen", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this bundle cache operation's install"
+    method_option "frozen", type: :boolean, banner: "Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this bundle cache operation's install (removed)"
     long_desc <<-D
       The cache command will copy the .gem files for every gem in the bundle into the
       directory ./vendor/cache. If you then check that directory into your source
@@ -413,18 +470,19 @@ module Bundler
     D
     def cache
       print_remembered_flag_deprecation("--all", "cache_all", "true") if ARGV.include?("--all")
+      print_remembered_flag_deprecation("--no-all", "cache_all", "false") if ARGV.include?("--no-all")
 
-      if ARGV.include?("--path")
-        message =
-          "The `--path` flag is deprecated because its semantics are unclear. " \
-          "Use `bundle config cache_path` to configure the path of your cache of gems, " \
-          "and `bundle config path` to configure the path where your gems are installed, " \
-          "and stop using this flag"
+      %w[frozen no-prune].each do |option|
+        remembered_flag_deprecation(option)
+      end
+
+      if flag_passed?("--path")
         removed_message =
           "The `--path` flag has been removed because its semantics were unclear. " \
           "Use `bundle config cache_path` to configure the path of your cache of gems, " \
-          "and `bundle config path` to configure the path where your gems are installed."
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
+          "and `bundle config path` to configure the path where your gems are installed, " \
+          "and stop using this flag"
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
       end
 
       require_relative "cli/cache"
@@ -434,7 +492,7 @@ module Bundler
     map aliases_for("cache")
 
     desc "exec [OPTIONS]", "Run the command in context of the bundle"
-    method_option :keep_file_descriptors, type: :boolean, default: true, banner: "Passes all file descriptors to the new processes. Default is true, and setting it to false is deprecated"
+    method_option :keep_file_descriptors, type: :boolean, default: true, banner: "Passes all file descriptors to the new processes. Default is true, and setting it to false is not permitted (removed)."
     method_option :gemfile, type: :string, required: false, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
     long_desc <<-D
       Exec runs a command, providing it access to the gems in the bundle. While using
@@ -443,9 +501,8 @@ module Bundler
     D
     def exec(*args)
       if ARGV.include?("--no-keep-file-descriptors")
-        message = "The `--no-keep-file-descriptors` has been deprecated. `bundle exec` no longer mess with your file descriptors. Close them in the exec'd script if you need to"
         removed_message = "The `--no-keep-file-descriptors` has been removed. `bundle exec` no longer mess with your file descriptors. Close them in the exec'd script if you need to"
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message)
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
       end
 
       require_relative "cli/exec"
@@ -486,13 +543,13 @@ module Bundler
     def version
       cli_help = current_command.name == "cli_help"
       if cli_help || ARGV.include?("version")
-        build_info = " (#{BuildMetadata.built_at} commit #{BuildMetadata.git_commit_sha})"
+        build_info = " (#{BuildMetadata.timestamp} commit #{BuildMetadata.git_commit_sha})"
       end
 
-      if !cli_help && Bundler.feature_flag.print_only_version_number?
-        Bundler.ui.info "#{Bundler::VERSION}#{build_info}"
+      if !cli_help
+        Bundler.ui.info "#{Bundler.verbose_version}#{build_info}"
       else
-        Bundler.ui.info "Bundler version #{Bundler::VERSION}#{build_info}"
+        Bundler.ui.info "Bundler version #{Bundler.verbose_version}#{build_info}"
       end
     end
 
@@ -512,41 +569,32 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    unless Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_3_mode?
-      desc "viz [OPTIONS]", "Generates a visual dependency graph", hide: true
-      long_desc <<-D
-        Viz generates a PNG file of the current Gemfile as a dependency graph.
-        Viz requires the ruby-graphviz gem (and its dependencies).
-        The associated gems must also be installed via 'bundle install'.
-      D
-      method_option :file, type: :string, default: "gem_graph", aliases: "-f", desc: "The name to use for the generated file. see format option"
-      method_option :format, type: :string, default: "png", aliases: "-F", desc: "This is output format option. Supported format is png, jpg, svg, dot ..."
-      method_option :requirements, type: :boolean, default: false, aliases: "-R", desc: "Set to show the version of each required dependency."
-      method_option :version, type: :boolean, default: false, aliases: "-v", desc: "Set to show each gem version."
-      method_option :without, type: :array, default: [], aliases: "-W", banner: "GROUP[ GROUP...]", desc: "Exclude gems that are part of the specified named group."
-      def viz
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "The `viz` command has been renamed to `graph` and moved to a plugin. See https://github.com/rubygems/bundler-graph"
-        require_relative "cli/viz"
-        Viz.new(options.dup).run
-      end
+    desc "viz [OPTIONS]", "Generates a visual dependency graph", hide: true
+    def viz
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "The `viz` command has been renamed to `graph` and moved to a plugin. See https://github.com/rubygems/bundler-graph"
     end
 
     desc "gem NAME [OPTIONS]", "Creates a skeleton for creating a rubygem"
-    method_option :exe, type: :boolean, default: false, aliases: ["--bin", "-b"], desc: "Generate a binary executable for your library."
-    method_option :coc, type: :boolean, desc: "Generate a code of conduct file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.coc true`."
-    method_option :edit, type: :string, aliases: "-e", required: false, banner: "EDITOR", lazy_default: [ENV["BUNDLER_EDITOR"], ENV["VISUAL"], ENV["EDITOR"]].find {|e| !e.nil? && !e.empty? }, desc: "Open generated gemspec in the specified editor (defaults to $EDITOR or $BUNDLER_EDITOR)"
-    method_option :ext, type: :string, desc: "Generate the boilerplate for C extension code.", enum: EXTENSIONS
-    method_option :git, type: :boolean, default: true, desc: "Initialize a git repo inside your library."
-    method_option :mit, type: :boolean, desc: "Generate an MIT license file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.mit true`."
-    method_option :rubocop, type: :boolean, desc: "Add rubocop to the generated Rakefile and gemspec. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.rubocop true`."
-    method_option :changelog, type: :boolean, desc: "Generate changelog file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.changelog true`."
+    method_option :exe, type: :boolean, default: false, aliases: ["--bin", "-b"], banner: "Generate a binary executable for your library."
+    method_option :coc, type: :boolean, banner: "Generate a code of conduct file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.coc true`."
+    method_option :edit, type: :string, aliases: "-e", required: false, lazy_default: [ENV["BUNDLER_EDITOR"], ENV["VISUAL"], ENV["EDITOR"]].find {|e| !e.nil? && !e.empty? }, banner: "Open generated gemspec in the specified editor (defaults to $EDITOR or $BUNDLER_EDITOR)"
+    method_option :ext, type: :string, banner: "Generate the boilerplate for C extension code.", enum: EXTENSIONS
+    method_option :git, type: :boolean, default: true, banner: "Initialize a git repo inside your library."
+    method_option :mit, type: :boolean, banner: "Generate an MIT license file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.mit true`."
+    method_option :rubocop, type: :boolean, banner: "Add rubocop to the generated Rakefile and gemspec. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.rubocop true` (removed)."
+    method_option :changelog, type: :boolean, banner: "Generate changelog file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.changelog true`."
     method_option :test, type: :string, lazy_default: Bundler.settings["gem.test"] || "", aliases: "-t", banner: "Use the specified test framework for your library", enum: %w[rspec minitest test-unit], desc: "Generate a test directory for your library, either rspec, minitest or test-unit. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.test (rspec|minitest|test-unit)`."
-    method_option :ci, type: :string, lazy_default: Bundler.settings["gem.ci"] || "", enum: %w[github gitlab circle], desc: "Generate CI configuration, either GitHub Actions, GitLab CI or CircleCI. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.ci (github|gitlab|circle)`"
-    method_option :linter, type: :string, lazy_default: Bundler.settings["gem.linter"] || "", enum: %w[rubocop standard], desc: "Add a linter and code formatter, either RuboCop or Standard. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.linter (rubocop|standard)`"
+    method_option :ci, type: :string, lazy_default: Bundler.settings["gem.ci"] || "", enum: %w[github gitlab circle], banner: "Generate CI configuration, either GitHub Actions, GitLab CI or CircleCI. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.ci (github|gitlab|circle)`"
+    method_option :linter, type: :string, lazy_default: Bundler.settings["gem.linter"] || "", enum: %w[rubocop standard], banner: "Add a linter and code formatter, either RuboCop or Standard. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.linter (rubocop|standard)`"
     method_option :github_username, type: :string, default: Bundler.settings["gem.github_username"], banner: "Set your username on GitHub", desc: "Fill in GitHub username on README so that you don't have to do it manually. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.github_username <your_username>`."
+    method_option :bundle, type: :boolean, default: Bundler.settings["gem.bundle"], banner: "Automatically run `bundle install` after creation. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.bundle true`"
 
     def gem(name)
       require_relative "cli/gem"
+
+      raise InvalidOption, "--rubocop has been removed, use --linter=rubocop" if ARGV.include?("--rubocop")
+      raise InvalidOption, "--no-rubocop has been removed, use --no-linter" if ARGV.include?("--no-rubocop")
+
       cmd_args = args + [self]
       cmd_args.unshift(options)
 
@@ -557,7 +605,7 @@ module Bundler
       File.expand_path("templates", __dir__)
     end
 
-    desc "clean [OPTIONS]", "Cleans up unused gems in your bundler directory", hide: true
+    desc "clean [OPTIONS]", "Cleans up unused gems in your bundler directory"
     method_option "dry-run", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Only print out changes, do not clean gems"
     method_option "force", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Forces cleaning up unused gems even if Bundler is configured to use globally installed gems. As a consequence, removes all system gems except for the ones in the current application."
     def clean
@@ -573,12 +621,8 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     desc "inject GEM VERSION", "Add the named gem, with version requirements, to the resolved Gemfile", hide: true
-    method_option "source", type: :string, banner: "Install gem from the given source"
-    method_option "group", type: :string, banner: "Install gem into a bundler group"
-    def inject(name, version)
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "The `inject` command has been replaced by the `add` command"
-      require_relative "cli/inject"
-      Inject.new(options.dup, name, version).run
+    def inject(*)
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "The `inject` command has been replaced by the `add` command"
     end
 
     desc "lock", "Creates a lockfile without installing"
@@ -610,17 +654,8 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     desc "doctor [OPTIONS]", "Checks the bundle for common problems"
-    long_desc <<-D
-      Doctor scans the OS dependencies of each of the gems requested in the Gemfile. If
-      missing dependencies are detected, Bundler prints them and exits status 1.
-      Otherwise, Bundler prints a success message and exits with a status of 0.
-    D
-    method_option "gemfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
-    method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
-    def doctor
-      require_relative "cli/doctor"
-      Doctor.new(options).run
-    end
+    require_relative "cli/doctor"
+    subcommand("doctor", Doctor)
 
     desc "issue", "Learn how to report an issue in Bundler"
     def issue
@@ -641,7 +676,7 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    if Bundler.feature_flag.plugins?
+    if Bundler.settings[:plugins]
       require_relative "cli/plugin"
       desc "plugin", "Manage the bundler plugins"
       subcommand "plugin", Plugin
@@ -675,18 +710,15 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    def self.check_deprecated_ext_option(arguments)
-      # when deprecated version of `--ext` is called
-      # print out deprecation warning and pretend `--ext=c` was provided
-      if deprecated_ext_value?(arguments)
-        message = "Extensions can now be generated using C or Rust, so `--ext` with no arguments has been deprecated. Please select a language, e.g. `--ext=rust` to generate a Rust extension. This gem will now be generated as if `--ext=c` was used."
+    def self.check_invalid_ext_option(arguments)
+      # when invalid version of `--ext` is called
+      if invalid_ext_value?(arguments)
         removed_message = "Extensions can now be generated using C or Rust, so `--ext` with no arguments has been removed. Please select a language, e.g. `--ext=rust` to generate a Rust extension."
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
-        arguments[arguments.index("--ext")] = "--ext=c"
+        raise InvalidOption, removed_message
       end
     end
 
-    def self.deprecated_ext_value?(arguments)
+    def self.invalid_ext_value?(arguments)
       index = arguments.index("--ext")
       next_argument = arguments[index + 1]
 
@@ -694,15 +726,15 @@ module Bundler
       # for example `bundle gem hello --ext c`
       return false if EXTENSIONS.include?(next_argument)
 
-      # deprecated call when --ext is called with no value in last position
+      # invalid call when --ext is called with no value in last position
       # for example `bundle gem hello_gem --ext`
       return true if next_argument.nil?
 
-      # deprecated call when --ext is followed by other parameter
+      # invalid call when --ext is followed by other parameter
       # for example `bundle gem --ext --no-ci hello_gem`
       return true if next_argument.start_with?("-")
 
-      # deprecated call when --ext is followed by gem name
+      # invalid call when --ext is followed by gem name
       # for example `bundle gem --ext hello_gem`
       return true if next_argument
 
@@ -716,6 +748,19 @@ module Bundler
       config[:current_command]
     end
 
+    def invoke_other_command(name)
+      _, _, config = @_initializer
+      original_command = config[:current_command]
+      command = self.class.all_commands[name]
+      config[:current_command] = command
+      send(name)
+    ensure
+      config[:current_command] = original_command
+    end
+
+    def current_command=(command)
+    end
+
     def print_command
       return unless Bundler.ui.debug?
       cmd = current_command
@@ -729,7 +774,7 @@ module Bundler
       end
       command << Thor::Options.to_switches(options_to_print.sort_by(&:first)).strip
       command.reject!(&:empty?)
-      Bundler.ui.info "Running `#{command * " "}` with bundler #{Bundler::VERSION}"
+      Bundler.ui.info "Running `#{command * " "}` with bundler #{Bundler.verbose_version}"
     end
 
     def warn_on_outdated_bundler
@@ -756,44 +801,30 @@ module Bundler
       nil
     end
 
-    def remembered_negative_flag_deprecation(name)
-      positive_name = name.gsub(/\Ano-/, "")
-      option = current_command.options[positive_name]
-      flag_name = "--no-" + option.switch_name.gsub(/\A--/, "")
-
-      flag_deprecation(positive_name, flag_name, option)
-    end
-
-    def remembered_flag_deprecation(name)
+    def remembered_flag_deprecation(name, negative: false, option_name: nil)
       option = current_command.options[name]
       flag_name = option.switch_name
-
-      flag_deprecation(name, flag_name, option)
-    end
-
-    def flag_deprecation(name, flag_name, option)
-      name_index = ARGV.find {|arg| flag_name == arg.split("=")[0] }
-      return unless name_index
+      flag_name = "--no-" + flag_name.gsub(/\A--/, "") if negative
+      return unless flag_passed?(flag_name)
 
       value = options[name]
       value = value.join(" ").to_s if option.type == :array
       value = "'#{value}'" unless option.type == :boolean
 
-      print_remembered_flag_deprecation(flag_name, name.tr("-", "_"), value)
+      print_remembered_flag_deprecation(flag_name, option_name || name.tr("-", "_"), value)
     end
 
     def print_remembered_flag_deprecation(flag_name, option_name, option_value)
-      message =
-        "The `#{flag_name}` flag is deprecated because it relies on being " \
-        "remembered across bundler invocations, which bundler will no longer " \
-        "do in future versions. Instead please use `bundle config set #{option_name} " \
-        "#{option_value}`, and stop using this flag"
       removed_message =
         "The `#{flag_name}` flag has been removed because it relied on being " \
-        "remembered across bundler invocations, which bundler will no longer " \
-        "do. Instead please use `bundle config set #{option_name} " \
-        "#{option_value}`, and stop using this flag"
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
+        "remembered across bundler invocations, which bundler no longer does. " \
+        "Instead please use `bundle config set #{option_name} #{option_value}`, " \
+        "and stop using this flag"
+      raise InvalidOption, removed_message
+    end
+
+    def flag_passed?(name)
+      ARGV.any? {|arg| name == arg.split("=")[0] }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/add.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/add.rb
index 12a681a816..20f76b59d1 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/add.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/add.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ module Bundler
     def run
       Bundler.ui.level = "warn" if options[:quiet]
 
+      Bundler::CLI::Common.validate_cooldown!(options[:cooldown])
+      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cooldown, options[:cooldown]
+
       validate_options!
       inject_dependencies
       perform_bundle_install unless options["skip-install"]
@@ -31,12 +34,22 @@ module Bundler
 
       Injector.inject(dependencies,
         conservative_versioning: options[:version].nil?, # Perform conservative versioning only when version is not specified
-        optimistic: options[:optimistic],
+        pessimistic: options[:pessimistic],
         strict: options[:strict])
     end
 
     def validate_options!
-      raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--strict` and `--optimistic` at the same time." if options[:strict] && options[:optimistic]
+      raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--git` and `--github` at the same time." if options["git"] && options["github"]
+
+      unless options["git"] || options["github"]
+        raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--branch` unless `--git` or `--github` is specified." if options["branch"]
+
+        raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--ref` unless `--git` or `--github` is specified." if options["ref"]
+      end
+
+      raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--branch` and `--ref` at the same time." if options["branch"] && options["ref"]
+
+      raise InvalidOption, "You cannot specify `--strict` and `--pessimistic` at the same time." if options[:strict] && options[:pessimistic]
 
       # raise error when no gems are specified
       raise InvalidOption, "Please specify gems to add." if gems.empty?
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/cache.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/cache.rb
index 2e63a16ec3..59605df847 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/cache.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/cache.rb
@@ -10,17 +10,12 @@ module Bundler
 
     def run
       Bundler.ui.level = "warn" if options[:quiet]
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :path, options[:path]
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cache_path, options["cache-path"]
 
-      setup_cache_all
       install
 
-      # TODO: move cache contents here now that all bundles are locked
-      custom_path = Bundler.settings[:path] if options[:path]
-
       Bundler.settings.temporary(cache_all_platforms: options["all-platforms"]) do
-        Bundler.load.cache(custom_path)
+        Bundler.load.cache
       end
     end
 
@@ -33,11 +28,5 @@ module Bundler
       options["no-cache"] = true
       Bundler::CLI::Install.new(options).run
     end
-
-    def setup_cache_all
-      all = options.fetch(:all, Bundler.feature_flag.cache_all? || nil)
-
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cache_all, all
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/common.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/common.rb
index 7ef6deb2cf..b44fbc3096 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/common.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/common.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 
 module Bundler
   module CLI::Common
+    def self.validate_cooldown!(value)
+      return if value.nil?
+      return if value.is_a?(Integer) && value >= 0
+      raise InvalidOption, "Expected `--cooldown` to be a non-negative integer, got #{value.inspect}"
+    end
+
     def self.output_post_install_messages(messages)
       return if Bundler.settings["ignore_messages"]
       messages.to_a.each do |name, msg|
@@ -94,11 +100,14 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def self.gem_not_found_message(missing_gem_name, alternatives)
-      require_relative "../similarity_detector"
       message = "Could not find gem '#{missing_gem_name}'."
       alternate_names = alternatives.map {|a| a.respond_to?(:name) ? a.name : a }
-      suggestions = SimilarityDetector.new(alternate_names).similar_word_list(missing_gem_name)
-      message += "\nDid you mean #{suggestions}?" if suggestions
+      if alternate_names.include?(missing_gem_name.downcase)
+        message += "\nDid you mean '#{missing_gem_name.downcase}'?"
+      elsif defined?(DidYouMean::SpellChecker)
+        suggestions = DidYouMean::SpellChecker.new(dictionary: alternate_names).correct(missing_gem_name)
+        message += "\nDid you mean #{word_list(suggestions)}?" unless suggestions.empty?
+      end
       message
     end
 
@@ -130,9 +139,23 @@ module Bundler
     def self.clean_after_install?
       clean = Bundler.settings[:clean]
       return clean unless clean.nil?
-      clean ||= Bundler.feature_flag.auto_clean_without_path? && Bundler.settings[:path].nil?
+      clean ||= Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_5_mode? && Bundler.settings[:path].nil?
       clean &&= !Bundler.use_system_gems?
       clean
     end
+
+    def self.word_list(words)
+      if words.empty?
+        return ""
+      end
+
+      words = words.map {|word| "'#{word}'" }
+
+      if words.length == 1
+        return words[0]
+      end
+
+      [words[0..-2].join(", "), words[-1]].join(" or ")
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/config.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/config.rb
index 77b502fe60..976cda7484 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/config.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/config.rb
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ module Bundler
         end
 
       message = "Using the `config` command without a subcommand [list, get, set, unset] is deprecated and will be removed in the future. Use `bundle #{new_args.join(" ")}` instead."
-      removed_message = "Using the `config` command without a subcommand [list, get, set, unset] is has been removed. Use `bundle #{new_args.join(" ")}` instead."
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 3, message, removed_message: removed_message
+      SharedHelpers.feature_deprecated! message
 
       Base.new(options, name, value, self).run
     end
@@ -88,16 +87,21 @@ module Bundler
 
         if value.nil?
           warn_unused_scope "Ignoring --#{scope} since no value to set was given"
+          current_value = Bundler.settings[name]
 
           if options[:parseable]
             if value = Bundler.settings[name]
               Bundler.ui.info("#{name}=#{value}")
             end
-            return
+          else
+            confirm(name)
           end
 
-          confirm(name)
-          return
+          if current_value.nil?
+            exit 1
+          else
+            return
+          end
         end
 
         Bundler.ui.info(message) if message
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/console.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/console.rb
index f6389e8ea0..2d1a2ce458 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/console.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/console.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ module Bundler
       get_constant(name)
     rescue LoadError
       if name == "irb"
+        if defined?(Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS) && Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.respond_to?(:force_activate)
+          Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.force_activate "irb"
+          require name
+          return get_constant(name)
+        end
         Bundler.ui.error "#{name} is not available"
         exit 1
       else
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/doctor.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor.rb
index 1274630556..5fd6a73d91 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/doctor.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor.rb
@@ -1,161 +1,33 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "rbconfig"
-require "shellwords"
-
 module Bundler
-  class CLI::Doctor
-    DARWIN_REGEX = /\s+(.+) \(compatibility /
-    LDD_REGEX = /\t\S+ => (\S+) \(\S+\)/
-
-    attr_reader :options
-
-    def initialize(options)
-      @options = options
-    end
-
-    def otool_available?
-      Bundler.which("otool")
-    end
-
-    def ldd_available?
-      Bundler.which("ldd")
-    end
-
-    def dylibs_darwin(path)
-      output = `/usr/bin/otool -L #{path.shellescape}`.chomp
-      dylibs = output.split("\n")[1..-1].map {|l| l.match(DARWIN_REGEX).captures[0] }.uniq
-      # ignore @rpath and friends
-      dylibs.reject {|dylib| dylib.start_with? "@" }
-    end
-
-    def dylibs_ldd(path)
-      output = `/usr/bin/ldd #{path.shellescape}`.chomp
-      output.split("\n").filter_map do |l|
-        match = l.match(LDD_REGEX)
-        next if match.nil?
-        match.captures[0]
-      end
-    end
-
-    def dylibs(path)
-      case RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
-      when /darwin/
-        return [] unless otool_available?
-        dylibs_darwin(path)
-      when /(linux|solaris|bsd)/
-        return [] unless ldd_available?
-        dylibs_ldd(path)
-      else # Windows, etc.
-        Bundler.ui.warn("Dynamic library check not supported on this platform.")
-        []
-      end
-    end
-
-    def bundles_for_gem(spec)
-      Dir.glob("#{spec.full_gem_path}/**/*.bundle")
-    end
-
-    def lookup_with_fiddle(path)
-      require "fiddle"
-      Fiddle.dlopen(path)
-      false
-    rescue Fiddle::DLError
-      true
-    end
-
-    def check!
-      require_relative "check"
-      Bundler::CLI::Check.new({}).run
-    end
-
-    def run
-      Bundler.ui.level = "warn" if options[:quiet]
-      Bundler.settings.validate!
-      check!
-
-      definition = Bundler.definition
-      broken_links = {}
-
-      definition.specs.each do |spec|
-        bundles_for_gem(spec).each do |bundle|
-          bad_paths = dylibs(bundle).select do |f|
-            lookup_with_fiddle(f)
-          end
-          if bad_paths.any?
-            broken_links[spec] ||= []
-            broken_links[spec].concat(bad_paths)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      permissions_valid = check_home_permissions
-
-      if broken_links.any?
-        message = "The following gems are missing OS dependencies:"
-        broken_links.flat_map do |spec, paths|
-          paths.uniq.map do |path|
-            "\n * #{spec.name}: #{path}"
-          end
-        end.sort.each {|m| message += m }
-        raise ProductionError, message
-      elsif permissions_valid
-        Bundler.ui.info "No issues found with the installed bundle"
-      end
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def check_home_permissions
-      require "find"
-      files_not_readable = []
-      files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user = []
-      files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable = []
-      broken_symlinks = []
-      Find.find(Bundler.bundle_path.to_s).each do |f|
-        if !File.exist?(f)
-          broken_symlinks << f
-        elsif !File.readable?(f)
-          if File.stat(f).uid != Process.uid
-            files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user << f
-          else
-            files_not_readable << f
-          end
-        elsif File.stat(f).uid != Process.uid
-          files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable << f
-        end
-      end
-
-      ok = true
-
-      if broken_symlinks.any?
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Broken links exist in the Bundler home. Please report them to the offending gem's upstream repo. These files are:\n - #{broken_symlinks.join("\n - ")}"
-
-        ok = false
-      end
-
-      if files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable.any?
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are owned by another " \
-          "user, but are still readable. These files are:\n - #{files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable.join("\n - ")}"
-
-        ok = false
-      end
-
-      if files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user.any?
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are owned by another " \
-          "user, and are not readable. These files are:\n - #{files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user.join("\n - ")}"
-
-        ok = false
-      end
-
-      if files_not_readable.any?
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are not " \
-          "readable by the current user. These files are:\n - #{files_not_readable.join("\n - ")}"
-
-        ok = false
-      end
-
-      ok
+  class CLI::Doctor < Thor
+    default_command(:diagnose)
+
+    desc "diagnose [OPTIONS]", "Checks the bundle for common problems"
+    long_desc <<-D
+      Doctor scans the OS dependencies of each of the gems requested in the Gemfile. If
+      missing dependencies are detected, Bundler prints them and exits status 1.
+      Otherwise, Bundler prints a success message and exits with a status of 0.
+    D
+    method_option "gemfile", type: :string, banner: "Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile"
+    method_option "quiet", type: :boolean, banner: "Only output warnings and errors."
+    method_option "ssl", type: :boolean, default: false, banner: "Diagnose SSL problems."
+    def diagnose
+      require_relative "doctor/diagnose"
+      Diagnose.new(options).run
+    end
+
+    desc "ssl [OPTIONS]", "Diagnose SSL problems"
+    long_desc <<-D
+      Diagnose SSL problems, especially related to certificates or TLS version while connecting to https://rubygems.org.
+    D
+    method_option "host", type: :string, banner: "The host to diagnose."
+    method_option "tls-version", type: :string, banner: "Specify the SSL/TLS version when running the diagnostic. Accepts either <1.1> or <1.2>"
+    method_option "verify-mode", type: :string, banner: "Specify the mode used for certification verification. Accepts either <peer> or <none>"
+    def ssl
+      require_relative "doctor/ssl"
+      SSL.new(options).run
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/diagnose.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/diagnose.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a878025dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/diagnose.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "rbconfig"
+require "shellwords"
+
+module Bundler
+  class CLI::Doctor::Diagnose
+    DARWIN_REGEX = /\s+(.+) \(compatibility /
+    LDD_REGEX = /\t\S+ => (\S+) \(\S+\)/
+
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    def initialize(options)
+      @options = options
+    end
+
+    def otool_available?
+      Bundler.which("otool")
+    end
+
+    def ldd_available?
+      Bundler.which("ldd")
+    end
+
+    def dylibs_darwin(path)
+      output = `/usr/bin/otool -L #{path.shellescape}`.chomp
+      dylibs = output.split("\n")[1..-1].filter_map {|l| l.match(DARWIN_REGEX)&.match(1) }.uniq
+      # ignore @rpath and friends
+      dylibs.reject {|dylib| dylib.start_with? "@" }
+    end
+
+    def dylibs_ldd(path)
+      output = `/usr/bin/ldd #{path.shellescape}`.chomp
+      output.split("\n").filter_map do |l|
+        match = l.match(LDD_REGEX)
+        next if match.nil?
+        match.captures[0]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def dylibs(path)
+      case RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
+      when /darwin/
+        return [] unless otool_available?
+        dylibs_darwin(path)
+      when /(linux|solaris|bsd)/
+        return [] unless ldd_available?
+        dylibs_ldd(path)
+      else # Windows, etc.
+        Bundler.ui.warn("Dynamic library check not supported on this platform.")
+        []
+      end
+    end
+
+    def bundles_for_gem(spec)
+      Dir.glob("#{spec.full_gem_path}/**/*.bundle")
+    end
+
+    def lookup_with_fiddle(path)
+      require "fiddle"
+      Fiddle.dlopen(path)
+      false
+    rescue Fiddle::DLError
+      true
+    end
+
+    def check!
+      require_relative "../check"
+      Bundler::CLI::Check.new({}).run
+    end
+
+    def diagnose_ssl
+      require_relative "ssl"
+      Bundler::CLI::Doctor::SSL.new({}).run
+    end
+
+    def run
+      Bundler.ui.level = "warn" if options[:quiet]
+      Bundler.settings.validate!
+      check!
+      diagnose_ssl if options[:ssl]
+
+      definition = Bundler.definition
+      broken_links = {}
+
+      definition.specs.each do |spec|
+        bundles_for_gem(spec).each do |bundle|
+          bad_paths = dylibs(bundle).select do |f|
+            lookup_with_fiddle(f)
+          end
+          if bad_paths.any?
+            broken_links[spec] ||= []
+            broken_links[spec].concat(bad_paths)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      permissions_valid = check_home_permissions
+
+      if broken_links.any?
+        message = "The following gems are missing OS dependencies:"
+        broken_links.flat_map do |spec, paths|
+          paths.uniq.map do |path|
+            "\n * #{spec.name}: #{path}"
+          end
+        end.sort.each {|m| message += m }
+        raise ProductionError, message
+      elsif permissions_valid
+        Bundler.ui.info "No issues found with the installed bundle"
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def check_home_permissions
+      require "find"
+      files_not_readable = []
+      files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user = []
+      files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable = []
+      broken_symlinks = []
+      Find.find(Bundler.bundle_path.to_s).each do |f|
+        if !File.exist?(f)
+          broken_symlinks << f
+        elsif !File.readable?(f)
+          if File.stat(f).uid != Process.uid
+            files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user << f
+          else
+            files_not_readable << f
+          end
+        elsif File.stat(f).uid != Process.uid
+          files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable << f
+        end
+      end
+
+      ok = true
+
+      if broken_symlinks.any?
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Broken links exist in the Bundler home. Please report them to the offending gem's upstream repo. These files are:\n - #{broken_symlinks.join("\n - ")}"
+
+        ok = false
+      end
+
+      if files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable.any?
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are owned by another " \
+          "user, but are still readable. These files are:\n - #{files_not_owned_by_current_user_but_still_readable.join("\n - ")}"
+
+        ok = false
+      end
+
+      if files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user.any?
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are owned by another " \
+          "user, and are not readable. These files are:\n - #{files_not_readable_and_owned_by_different_user.join("\n - ")}"
+
+        ok = false
+      end
+
+      if files_not_readable.any?
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Files exist in the Bundler home that are not " \
+          "readable by the current user. These files are:\n - #{files_not_readable.join("\n - ")}"
+
+        ok = false
+      end
+
+      ok
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/ssl.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/ssl.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21fc4edf2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/doctor/ssl.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "rubygems/remote_fetcher"
+require "uri"
+
+module Bundler
+  class CLI::Doctor::SSL
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    def initialize(options)
+      @options = options
+    end
+
+    def run
+      return unless openssl_installed?
+
+      output_ssl_environment
+      bundler_success = bundler_connection_successful?
+      rubygem_success = rubygem_connection_successful?
+
+      return unless net_http_connection_successful?
+
+      Explanation.summarize(bundler_success, rubygem_success, host)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def host
+      @options[:host] || "rubygems.org"
+    end
+
+    def tls_version
+      @options[:"tls-version"].then do |version|
+        "TLS#{version.sub(".", "_")}".to_sym if version
+      end
+    end
+
+    def verify_mode
+      mode = @options[:"verify-mode"] || :peer
+
+      @verify_mode ||= mode.then {|mod| OpenSSL::SSL.const_get("verify_#{mod}".upcase) }
+    end
+
+    def uri
+      @uri ||= URI("https://#{host}")
+    end
+
+    def openssl_installed?
+      require "openssl"
+
+      true
+    rescue LoadError
+      Bundler.ui.warn(<<~MSG)
+        Oh no! Your Ruby doesn't have OpenSSL, so it can't connect to #{host}.
+        You'll need to recompile or reinstall Ruby with OpenSSL support and try again.
+      MSG
+
+      false
+    end
+
+    def output_ssl_environment
+      Bundler.ui.info(<<~MESSAGE)
+        Here's your OpenSSL environment:
+
+        OpenSSL:       #{OpenSSL::VERSION}
+        Compiled with: #{OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION}
+        Loaded with:   #{OpenSSL::OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION}
+      MESSAGE
+    end
+
+    def bundler_connection_successful?
+      Bundler.ui.info("\nTrying connections to #{uri}:\n")
+
+      bundler_uri = Gem::URI(uri.to_s)
+      Bundler::Fetcher.new(
+        Bundler::Source::Rubygems::Remote.new(bundler_uri)
+      ).send(:connection).request(bundler_uri)
+
+      Bundler.ui.info("Bundler:       success")
+
+      true
+    rescue StandardError => error
+      Bundler.ui.warn("Bundler:       failed     (#{Explanation.explain_bundler_or_rubygems_error(error)})")
+
+      false
+    end
+
+    def rubygem_connection_successful?
+      Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_path(uri)
+      Bundler.ui.info("RubyGems:      success")
+
+      true
+    rescue StandardError => error
+      Bundler.ui.warn("RubyGems:      failed     (#{Explanation.explain_bundler_or_rubygems_error(error)})")
+
+      false
+    end
+
+    def net_http_connection_successful?
+      ::Gem::Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port).tap do |http|
+        http.use_ssl = true
+        http.min_version = tls_version
+        http.max_version = tls_version
+        http.verify_mode = verify_mode
+      end.start
+
+      Bundler.ui.info("Ruby net/http: success")
+      warn_on_unsupported_tls12
+
+      true
+    rescue StandardError => error
+      Bundler.ui.warn(<<~MSG)
+        Ruby net/http: failed
+
+        Unfortunately, this Ruby can't connect to #{host}.
+
+        #{Explanation.explain_net_http_error(error, host, tls_version)}
+      MSG
+
+      false
+    end
+
+    def warn_on_unsupported_tls12
+      ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+      supported = true
+
+      if ctx.respond_to?(:min_version=)
+        begin
+          ctx.min_version = ctx.max_version = OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_2_VERSION
+        rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, NameError
+          supported = false
+        end
+      else
+        supported = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::METHODS.include?(:TLSv1_2) # rubocop:disable Naming/VariableNumber
+      end
+
+      Bundler.ui.warn(<<~EOM) unless supported
+
+        WARNING: Although your Ruby can connect to #{host} today, your OpenSSL is very old!
+        WARNING: You will need to upgrade OpenSSL to use #{host}.
+
+      EOM
+    end
+
+    module Explanation
+      extend self
+
+      def explain_bundler_or_rubygems_error(error)
+        case error.message
+        when /certificate verify failed/
+          "certificate verification"
+        when /read server hello A/
+          "SSL/TLS protocol version mismatch"
+        when /tlsv1 alert protocol version/
+          "requested TLS version is too old"
+        else
+          error.message
+        end
+      end
+
+      def explain_net_http_error(error, host, tls_version)
+        case error.message
+        # Check for certificate errors
+        when /certificate verify failed/
+          <<~MSG
+            #{show_ssl_certs}
+            Your Ruby can't connect to #{host} because you are missing the certificate files OpenSSL needs to verify you are connecting to the genuine #{host} servers.
+          MSG
+        # Check for TLS version errors
+        when /read server hello A/, /tlsv1 alert protocol version/
+          if tls_version.to_s == "TLS1_3"
+            "Your Ruby can't connect to #{host} because #{tls_version} isn't supported yet.\n"
+          else
+            <<~MSG
+              Your Ruby can't connect to #{host} because your version of OpenSSL is too old.
+              You'll need to upgrade your OpenSSL install and/or recompile Ruby to use a newer OpenSSL.
+            MSG
+          end
+        # OpenSSL doesn't support TLS version specified by argument
+        when /unknown SSL method/
+          "Your Ruby can't connect because #{tls_version} isn't supported by your version of OpenSSL."
+        else
+          <<~MSG
+            Even worse, we're not sure why.
+
+            Here's the full error information:
+            #{error.class}: #{error.message}
+              #{error.backtrace.join("\n  ")}
+
+            You might have more luck using Mislav's SSL doctor.rb script. You can get it here:
+            https://github.com/mislav/ssl-tools/blob/8b3dec4/doctor.rb
+
+            Read more about the script and how to use it in this blog post:
+            https://mislav.net/2013/07/ruby-openssl/
+          MSG
+        end
+      end
+
+      def summarize(bundler_success, rubygems_success, host)
+        guide_url = "http://ruby.to/ssl-check-failed"
+
+        message = if bundler_success && rubygems_success
+          <<~MSG
+            Hooray! This Ruby can connect to #{host}.
+            You are all set to use Bundler and RubyGems.
+
+          MSG
+        elsif !bundler_success && !rubygems_success
+          <<~MSG
+            For some reason, your Ruby installation can connect to #{host}, but neither RubyGems nor Bundler can.
+            The most likely fix is to manually upgrade RubyGems by following the instructions at #{guide_url}.
+            After you've done that, run `gem install bundler` to upgrade Bundler, and then run this script again to make sure everything worked. ❣
+
+          MSG
+        elsif !bundler_success
+          <<~MSG
+            Although your Ruby installation and RubyGems can both connect to #{host}, Bundler is having trouble.
+            The most likely way to fix this is to upgrade Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
+            Run this script again after doing that to make sure everything is all set.
+            If you're still having trouble, check out the troubleshooting guide at #{guide_url}.
+
+          MSG
+        else
+          <<~MSG
+            It looks like Ruby and Bundler can connect to #{host}, but RubyGems itself cannot.
+            You can likely solve this by manually downloading and installing a RubyGems update.
+            Visit #{guide_url} for instructions on how to manually upgrade RubyGems.
+
+          MSG
+        end
+
+        Bundler.ui.info("\n#{message}")
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def show_ssl_certs
+        ssl_cert_file = ENV["SSL_CERT_FILE"] || OpenSSL::X509::DEFAULT_CERT_FILE
+        ssl_cert_dir  = ENV["SSL_CERT_DIR"]  || OpenSSL::X509::DEFAULT_CERT_DIR
+
+        <<~MSG
+          Below affect only Ruby net/http connections:
+          SSL_CERT_FILE: #{File.exist?(ssl_cert_file) ? "exists     #{ssl_cert_file}" : "is missing #{ssl_cert_file}"}
+          SSL_CERT_DIR:  #{Dir.exist?(ssl_cert_dir)   ? "exists     #{ssl_cert_dir}"  : "is missing #{ssl_cert_dir}"}
+        MSG
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb
index 9428e9db3b..2fdc416286 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ module Bundler
       validate_cmd!
       SharedHelpers.set_bundle_environment
       if bin_path = Bundler.which(cmd)
-        if !Bundler.settings[:disable_exec_load] && ruby_shebang?(bin_path)
-          return kernel_load(bin_path, *args)
+        if !Bundler.settings[:disable_exec_load] && directly_loadable?(bin_path)
+          bin_path.delete_suffix!(".bat") if Gem.win_platform?
+          kernel_load(bin_path, *args)
+        else
+          bin_path = "./" + bin_path unless File.absolute_path?(bin_path)
+          kernel_exec(bin_path, *args)
         end
-        bin_path = "./" + bin_path unless File.absolute_path?(bin_path)
-        kernel_exec(bin_path, *args)
       else
         # exec using the given command
         kernel_exec(cmd, *args)
@@ -69,6 +71,29 @@ module Bundler
       "#{file} #{args.join(" ")}".strip
     end
 
+    def directly_loadable?(file)
+      if Gem.win_platform?
+        script_wrapper?(file)
+      else
+        ruby_shebang?(file)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def script_wrapper?(file)
+      script_file = file.delete_suffix(".bat")
+      return false unless File.exist?(script_file)
+
+      if File.zero?(script_file)
+        Bundler.ui.warn "#{script_file} is empty"
+        return false
+      end
+
+      header = File.open(file, "r") {|f| f.read(32) }
+      ruby_exe = "#{RbConfig::CONFIG["RUBY_INSTALL_NAME"]}#{RbConfig::CONFIG["EXEEXT"]}"
+      ruby_exe = "ruby.exe" if ruby_exe.empty?
+      header.include?(ruby_exe)
+    end
+
     def ruby_shebang?(file)
       possibilities = [
         "#!/usr/bin/env ruby\n",
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/gem.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/gem.rb
index 22bcf0e47a..c8c24c8e66 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/gem.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/gem.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "pathname"
-
 module Bundler
   class CLI
     Bundler.require_thor_actions
@@ -9,11 +7,7 @@ module Bundler
   end
 
   class CLI::Gem
-    TEST_FRAMEWORK_VERSIONS = {
-      "rspec" => "3.0",
-      "minitest" => "5.16",
-      "test-unit" => "3.0",
-    }.freeze
+    DEFAULT_GITHUB_USERNAME = "[USERNAME]"
 
     attr_reader :options, :gem_name, :thor, :name, :target, :extension
 
@@ -26,12 +20,11 @@ module Bundler
       thor.destination_root = nil
 
       @name = @gem_name
-      @target = SharedHelpers.pwd.join(gem_name)
+      @target = Pathname.new(SharedHelpers.pwd).join(gem_name)
 
       @extension = options[:ext]
 
       validate_ext_name if @extension
-      validate_rust_builder_rubygems_version if @extension == "rust"
     end
 
     def run
@@ -48,13 +41,16 @@ module Bundler
       git_author_name = use_git ? `git config user.name`.chomp : ""
       git_username = use_git ? `git config github.user`.chomp : ""
       git_user_email = use_git ? `git config user.email`.chomp : ""
+      github_username = github_username(git_username)
 
-      github_username = if options[:github_username].nil?
-        git_username
-      elsif options[:github_username] == false
-        ""
+      if github_username.empty?
+        homepage_uri = "TODO: Put your gem's website or public repo URL here."
+        source_code_uri = "TODO: Put your gem's public repo URL here."
+        changelog_uri = "TODO: Put your gem's CHANGELOG.md URL here."
       else
-        options[:github_username]
+        homepage_uri = "https://github.com/#{github_username}/#{name}"
+        source_code_uri = "https://github.com/#{github_username}/#{name}"
+        changelog_uri = "https://github.com/#{github_username}/#{name}/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md"
       end
 
       config = {
@@ -69,12 +65,17 @@ module Bundler
         test: options[:test],
         ext: extension,
         exe: options[:exe],
+        bundle: options[:bundle],
         bundler_version: bundler_dependency_version,
         git: use_git,
-        github_username: github_username.empty? ? "[USERNAME]" : github_username,
+        github_username: github_username.empty? ? DEFAULT_GITHUB_USERNAME : github_username,
         required_ruby_version: required_ruby_version,
         rust_builder_required_rubygems_version: rust_builder_required_rubygems_version,
         minitest_constant_name: minitest_constant_name,
+        ignore_paths: %w[bin/],
+        homepage_uri: homepage_uri,
+        source_code_uri: source_code_uri,
+        changelog_uri: changelog_uri,
       }
       ensure_safe_gem_name(name, constant_array)
 
@@ -95,11 +96,21 @@ module Bundler
         bin/setup
       ]
 
-      templates.merge!("gitignore.tt" => ".gitignore") if use_git
+      case Bundler.preferred_gemfile_name
+      when "Gemfile"
+        config[:ignore_paths] << "Gemfile"
+      when "gems.rb"
+        config[:ignore_paths] << "gems.rb"
+        config[:ignore_paths] << "gems.locked"
+      end
+
+      if use_git
+        templates.merge!("gitignore.tt" => ".gitignore")
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".gitignore"
+      end
 
       if test_framework = ask_and_set_test_framework
         config[:test] = test_framework
-        config[:test_framework_version] = TEST_FRAMEWORK_VERSIONS[test_framework]
 
         case test_framework
         when "rspec"
@@ -109,6 +120,8 @@ module Bundler
             "spec/newgem_spec.rb.tt" => "spec/#{namespaced_path}_spec.rb"
           )
           config[:test_task] = :spec
+          config[:ignore_paths] << ".rspec"
+          config[:ignore_paths] << "spec/"
         when "minitest"
           # Generate path for minitest target file (FileList["test/**/test_*.rb"])
           #   foo     => test/test_foo.rb
@@ -123,12 +136,14 @@ module Bundler
             "test/minitest/test_newgem.rb.tt" => "test/#{minitest_namespaced_path}.rb"
           )
           config[:test_task] = :test
+          config[:ignore_paths] << "test/"
         when "test-unit"
           templates.merge!(
             "test/test-unit/test_helper.rb.tt" => "test/test_helper.rb",
             "test/test-unit/newgem_test.rb.tt" => "test/#{namespaced_path}_test.rb"
           )
           config[:test_task] = :test
+          config[:ignore_paths] << "test/"
         end
       end
 
@@ -136,19 +151,22 @@ module Bundler
       case config[:ci]
       when "github"
         templates.merge!("github/workflows/main.yml.tt" => ".github/workflows/main.yml")
-        config[:ci_config_path] = ".github "
+        if extension == "rust"
+          templates.merge!("github/workflows/build-gems.yml.tt" => ".github/workflows/build-gems.yml")
+        end
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".github/"
       when "gitlab"
         templates.merge!("gitlab-ci.yml.tt" => ".gitlab-ci.yml")
-        config[:ci_config_path] = ".gitlab-ci.yml "
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".gitlab-ci.yml"
       when "circle"
         templates.merge!("circleci/config.yml.tt" => ".circleci/config.yml")
-        config[:ci_config_path] = ".circleci "
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".circleci/"
       end
 
       if ask_and_set(:mit, "Do you want to license your code permissively under the MIT license?",
-        "This means that any other developer or company will be legally allowed to use your code " \
-        "for free as long as they admit you created it. You can read more about the MIT license " \
-        "at https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit.")
+        "Using a MIT license means that any other developer or company will be legally allowed " \
+        "to use your code for free as long as they admit you created it. You can read more about " \
+        "the MIT license at https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit.")
         config[:mit] = true
         Bundler.ui.info "MIT License enabled in config"
         templates.merge!("LICENSE.txt.tt" => "LICENSE.txt")
@@ -156,12 +174,8 @@ module Bundler
 
       if ask_and_set(:coc, "Do you want to include a code of conduct in gems you generate?",
         "Codes of conduct can increase contributions to your project by contributors who " \
-        "prefer collaborative, safe spaces. You can read more about the code of conduct at " \
-        "contributor-covenant.org. Having a code of conduct means agreeing to the responsibility " \
-        "of enforcing it, so be sure that you are prepared to do that. Be sure that your email " \
-        "address is specified as a contact in the generated code of conduct so that people know " \
-        "who to contact in case of a violation. For suggestions about " \
-        "how to enforce codes of conduct, see https://bit.ly/coc-enforcement.")
+        "prefer safe, respectful, productive, and collaborative spaces. \n" \
+        "See https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md")
         config[:coc] = true
         Bundler.ui.info "Code of conduct enabled in config"
         templates.merge!("CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.tt" => "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md")
@@ -182,13 +196,13 @@ module Bundler
       config[:linter] = ask_and_set_linter
       case config[:linter]
       when "rubocop"
-        config[:linter_version] = rubocop_version
         Bundler.ui.info "RuboCop enabled in config"
         templates.merge!("rubocop.yml.tt" => ".rubocop.yml")
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".rubocop.yml"
       when "standard"
-        config[:linter_version] = standard_version
         Bundler.ui.info "Standard enabled in config"
         templates.merge!("standard.yml.tt" => ".standard.yml")
+        config[:ignore_paths] << ".standard.yml"
       end
 
       if config[:exe]
@@ -208,18 +222,31 @@ module Bundler
         templates.merge!(
           "Cargo.toml.tt" => "Cargo.toml",
           "ext/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt" => "ext/#{name}/Cargo.toml",
+          "ext/newgem/build.rs.tt" => "ext/#{name}/build.rs",
           "ext/newgem/extconf-rust.rb.tt" => "ext/#{name}/extconf.rb",
           "ext/newgem/src/lib.rs.tt" => "ext/#{name}/src/lib.rs",
         )
       end
 
+      if extension == "go"
+        templates.merge!(
+          "ext/newgem/go.mod.tt" => "ext/#{name}/go.mod",
+          "ext/newgem/extconf-go.rb.tt" => "ext/#{name}/extconf.rb",
+          "ext/newgem/newgem.h.tt" => "ext/#{name}/#{underscored_name}.h",
+          "ext/newgem/newgem.go.tt" => "ext/#{name}/#{underscored_name}.go",
+          "ext/newgem/newgem-go.c.tt" => "ext/#{name}/#{underscored_name}.c",
+        )
+
+        config[:go_module_username] = config[:github_username] == DEFAULT_GITHUB_USERNAME ? "username" : config[:github_username]
+      end
+
       if target.exist? && !target.directory?
         Bundler.ui.error "Couldn't create a new gem named `#{gem_name}` because there's an existing file named `#{gem_name}`."
         exit Bundler::BundlerError.all_errors[Bundler::GenericSystemCallError]
       end
 
       if use_git
-        Bundler.ui.info "Initializing git repo in #{target}"
+        Bundler.ui.info "\nInitializing git repo in #{target}"
         require "shellwords"
         `git init #{target.to_s.shellescape}`
 
@@ -241,26 +268,33 @@ module Bundler
         IO.popen(%w[git add .], { chdir: target }, &:read)
       end
 
+      if config[:bundle]
+        Bundler.ui.info "Running bundle install in the new gem directory."
+        Dir.chdir(target) do
+          system("bundle install")
+        end
+      end
+
       # Open gemspec in editor
       open_editor(options["edit"], target.join("#{name}.gemspec")) if options[:edit]
 
-      Bundler.ui.info "Gem '#{name}' was successfully created. " \
-        "For more information on making a RubyGem visit https://bundler.io/guides/creating_gem.html"
+      Bundler.ui.info "\nGem '#{name}' was successfully created. " \
+        "For more information on making a RubyGem visit https://guides.rubygems.org/make-your-own-gem/"
     end
 
     private
 
     def resolve_name(name)
-      SharedHelpers.pwd.join(name).basename.to_s
+      Pathname.new(SharedHelpers.pwd).join(name).basename.to_s
     end
 
-    def ask_and_set(key, header, message)
+    def ask_and_set(key, prompt, explanation)
       choice = options[key]
       choice = Bundler.settings["gem.#{key}"] if choice.nil?
 
       if choice.nil?
-        Bundler.ui.confirm header
-        choice = Bundler.ui.yes? "#{message} y/(n):"
+        Bundler.ui.info "\n#{explanation}"
+        choice = Bundler.ui.yes? "#{prompt} y/(n):"
         Bundler.settings.set_global("gem.#{key}", choice)
       end
 
@@ -282,7 +316,7 @@ module Bundler
       test_framework = options[:test] || Bundler.settings["gem.test"]
 
       if test_framework.to_s.empty?
-        Bundler.ui.confirm "Do you want to generate tests with your gem?"
+        Bundler.ui.info "\nDo you want to generate tests with your gem?"
         Bundler.ui.info hint_text("test")
 
         result = Bundler.ui.ask "Enter a test framework. rspec/minitest/test-unit/(none):"
@@ -322,12 +356,11 @@ module Bundler
       ci_template = options[:ci] || Bundler.settings["gem.ci"]
 
       if ci_template.to_s.empty?
-        Bundler.ui.confirm "Do you want to set up continuous integration for your gem? " \
+        Bundler.ui.info "\nDo you want to set up continuous integration for your gem? " \
           "Supported services:\n" \
           "* CircleCI:       https://circleci.com/\n" \
           "* GitHub Actions: https://github.com/features/actions\n" \
-          "* GitLab CI:      https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/\n" \
-          "\n"
+          "* GitLab CI:      https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/\n"
         Bundler.ui.info hint_text("ci")
 
         result = Bundler.ui.ask "Enter a CI service. github/gitlab/circle/(none):"
@@ -352,14 +385,12 @@ module Bundler
     def ask_and_set_linter
       return if skip?(:linter)
       linter_template = options[:linter] || Bundler.settings["gem.linter"]
-      linter_template = deprecated_rubocop_option if linter_template.nil?
 
       if linter_template.to_s.empty?
-        Bundler.ui.confirm "Do you want to add a code linter and formatter to your gem? " \
+        Bundler.ui.info "\nDo you want to add a code linter and formatter to your gem? " \
           "Supported Linters:\n" \
           "* RuboCop:       https://rubocop.org\n" \
-          "* Standard:      https://github.com/standardrb/standard\n" \
-          "\n"
+          "* Standard:      https://github.com/standardrb/standard\n"
         Bundler.ui.info hint_text("linter")
 
         result = Bundler.ui.ask "Enter a linter. rubocop/standard/(none):"
@@ -386,27 +417,6 @@ module Bundler
       linter_template
     end
 
-    def deprecated_rubocop_option
-      if !options[:rubocop].nil?
-        if options[:rubocop]
-          Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-            "--rubocop is deprecated, use --linter=rubocop",
-            removed_message: "--rubocop has been removed, use --linter=rubocop"
-          "rubocop"
-        else
-          Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-            "--no-rubocop is deprecated, use --linter",
-            removed_message: "--no-rubocop has been removed, use --linter"
-          false
-        end
-      elsif !Bundler.settings["gem.rubocop"].nil?
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-          "config gem.rubocop is deprecated; we've updated your config to use gem.linter instead",
-          removed_message: "config gem.rubocop has been removed; we've updated your config to use gem.linter instead"
-        Bundler.settings["gem.rubocop"] ? "rubocop" : false
-      end
-    end
-
     def bundler_dependency_version
       v = Gem::Version.new(Bundler::VERSION)
       req = v.segments[0..1]
@@ -420,6 +430,10 @@ module Bundler
         exit 1
       end
 
+      if /[A-Z]/.match?(name)
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Gem names with capital letters are not recommended. Please use only lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens."
+      end
+
       constant_name = constant_array.join("::")
 
       existing_constant = constant_array.inject(Object) do |c, s|
@@ -446,21 +460,16 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def required_ruby_version
-      "3.1.0"
-    end
-
-    def rubocop_version
-      "1.21"
-    end
-
-    def standard_version
-      "1.3"
+      "3.2.0"
     end
 
-    def validate_rust_builder_rubygems_version
-      if Gem::Version.new(rust_builder_required_rubygems_version) > Gem.rubygems_version
-        Bundler.ui.error "Your RubyGems version (#{Gem.rubygems_version}) is too old to build Rust extension. Please update your RubyGems using `gem update --system` or any other way and try again."
-        exit 1
+    def github_username(git_username)
+      if options[:github_username].nil?
+        git_username
+      elsif options[:github_username] == false
+        ""
+      else
+        options[:github_username]
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/inject.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/inject.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a09d5c6bda..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/inject.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Bundler
-  class CLI::Inject
-    attr_reader :options, :name, :version, :group, :source, :gems
-    def initialize(options, name, version)
-      @options = options
-      @name = name
-      @version = version || last_version_number
-      @group = options[:group].split(",") unless options[:group].nil?
-      @source = options[:source]
-      @gems = []
-    end
-
-    def run
-      # The required arguments allow Thor to give useful feedback when the arguments
-      # are incorrect. This adds those first two arguments onto the list as a whole.
-      gems.unshift(source).unshift(group).unshift(version).unshift(name)
-
-      # Build an array of Dependency objects out of the arguments
-      deps = []
-      # when `inject` support addition of more than one gem, then this loop will
-      # help. Currently this loop is running once.
-      gems.each_slice(4) do |gem_name, gem_version, gem_group, gem_source|
-        ops = Gem::Requirement::OPS.map {|key, _val| key }
-        has_op = ops.any? {|op| gem_version.start_with? op }
-        gem_version = "~> #{gem_version}" unless has_op
-        deps << Bundler::Dependency.new(gem_name, gem_version, "group" => gem_group, "source" => gem_source)
-      end
-
-      added = Injector.inject(deps, options)
-
-      if added.any?
-        Bundler.ui.confirm "Added to Gemfile:"
-        Bundler.ui.confirm(added.map do |d|
-          name = "'#{d.name}'"
-          requirement = ", '#{d.requirement}'"
-          group = ", group: #{d.groups.inspect}" if d.groups != Array(:default)
-          source = ", source: '#{d.source}'" unless d.source.nil?
-          %(gem #{name}#{requirement}#{group}#{source})
-        end.join("\n"))
-      else
-        Bundler.ui.confirm "All gems were already present in the Gemfile"
-      end
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def last_version_number
-      definition = Bundler.definition(true)
-      definition.remotely!
-      specs = definition.index[name].sort_by(&:version)
-      unless options[:pre]
-        specs.delete_if {|b| b.respond_to?(:version) && b.version.prerelease? }
-      end
-      spec = specs.last
-      spec.version.to_s
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/install.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/install.rb
index b0b354cf10..69affd1a10 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/install.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/install.rb
@@ -20,54 +20,32 @@ module Bundler
 
       Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "RB_USER_INSTALL", "1" if Gem.freebsd_platform?
 
-      # Disable color in deployment mode
-      Bundler.ui.shell = Thor::Shell::Basic.new if options[:deployment]
-
       if target_rbconfig_path = options[:"target-rbconfig"]
         Bundler.rubygems.set_target_rbconfig(target_rbconfig_path)
       end
 
-      check_for_options_conflicts
-
       check_trust_policy
 
-      if options[:deployment] || options[:frozen] || Bundler.frozen_bundle?
-        unless Bundler.default_lockfile.exist?
-          flag = "--deployment flag" if options[:deployment]
-          flag ||= "--frozen flag" if options[:frozen]
-          flag ||= "deployment setting" if Bundler.settings[:deployment]
-          flag ||= "frozen setting" if Bundler.settings[:frozen]
-          raise ProductionError, "The #{flag} requires a lockfile. Please make " \
-                                 "sure you have checked your #{SharedHelpers.relative_lockfile_path} into version control " \
-                                 "before deploying."
-        end
-
-        options[:local] = true if Bundler.app_cache.exist?
-
-        Bundler.settings.set_command_option :deployment, true if options[:deployment]
-        Bundler.settings.set_command_option :frozen, true if options[:frozen]
-      end
-
-      # When install is called with --no-deployment, disable deployment mode
-      if options[:deployment] == false
-        Bundler.settings.set_command_option :frozen, nil
-        options[:system] = true
+      if Bundler.frozen_bundle? && !Bundler.default_lockfile.exist?
+        flag = "deployment setting" if Bundler.settings[:deployment]
+        flag = "frozen setting" if Bundler.settings[:frozen]
+        raise ProductionError, "The #{flag} requires a lockfile. Please make " \
+                               "sure you have checked your #{SharedHelpers.relative_lockfile_path} into version control " \
+                               "before deploying."
       end
 
       normalize_settings
 
       Bundler::Fetcher.disable_endpoint = options["full-index"]
 
-      if options["binstubs"]
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-          "The --binstubs option will be removed in favor of `bundle binstubs --all`",
-          removed_message: "The --binstubs option have been removed in favor of `bundle binstubs --all`"
-      end
-
-      Plugin.gemfile_install(Bundler.default_gemfile) if Bundler.feature_flag.plugins?
+      Plugin.gemfile_install(Bundler.default_gemfile) if Bundler.settings[:plugins]
 
-      definition = Bundler.definition
+      # For install we want to enable strict validation
+      # (rather than some optimizations we perform at app runtime).
+      definition = Bundler.definition(strict: true)
       definition.validate_runtime!
+      definition.lockfile = options["lockfile"] if options["lockfile"]
+      definition.lockfile = false if options["no-lock"]
 
       installer = Installer.install(Bundler.root, definition, options)
 
@@ -87,8 +65,6 @@ module Bundler
 
       Bundler::CLI::Common.output_post_install_messages installer.post_install_messages
 
-      warn_ambiguous_gems
-
       if CLI::Common.clean_after_install?
         require_relative "clean"
         Bundler::CLI::Clean.new(options).run
@@ -114,26 +90,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def gems_installed_for(definition)
-      count = definition.specs.count
+      count = definition.specs.count {|spec| spec.name != "bundler" }
       "#{count} #{count == 1 ? "gem" : "gems"} now installed"
     end
 
-    def check_for_group_conflicts_in_cli_options
-      conflicting_groups = Array(options[:without]) & Array(options[:with])
-      return if conflicting_groups.empty?
-      raise InvalidOption, "You can't list a group in both with and without." \
-        " The offending groups are: #{conflicting_groups.join(", ")}."
-    end
-
-    def check_for_options_conflicts
-      if (options[:path] || options[:deployment]) && options[:system]
-        error_message = String.new
-        error_message << "You have specified both --path as well as --system. Please choose only one option.\n" if options[:path]
-        error_message << "You have specified both --deployment as well as --system. Please choose only one option.\n" if options[:deployment]
-        raise InvalidOption.new(error_message)
-      end
-    end
-
     def check_trust_policy
       trust_policy = options["trust-policy"]
       unless Bundler.rubygems.security_policies.keys.unshift(nil).include?(trust_policy)
@@ -143,57 +103,25 @@ module Bundler
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :"trust-policy", trust_policy
     end
 
-    def normalize_groups
-      check_for_group_conflicts_in_cli_options
-
-      # need to nil them out first to get around validation for backwards compatibility
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :without, nil
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :with,    nil
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :without, options[:without]
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :with,    options[:with]
-    end
-
     def normalize_settings
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :path, nil if options[:system]
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :path, options[:path]
-
       if options["standalone"] && Bundler.settings[:path].nil? && !options["local"]
-        Bundler.settings.temporary(path_relative_to_cwd: false) do
-          Bundler.settings.set_command_option :path, "bundle"
-        end
+        Bundler.settings.set_command_option :path, "bundle"
       end
 
-      bin_option = options["binstubs"]
-      bin_option = nil if bin_option&.empty?
-      Bundler.settings.set_command_option :bin, bin_option if options["binstubs"]
-
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :shebang, options["shebang"]
 
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :jobs, options["jobs"]
 
+      Bundler::CLI::Common.validate_cooldown!(options["cooldown"])
+      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cooldown, options["cooldown"]
+
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :no_prune, options["no-prune"]
 
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :no_install, options["no-install"]
 
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :clean, options["clean"]
 
-      normalize_groups if options[:without] || options[:with]
-
-      options[:force] = options[:redownload]
-    end
-
-    def warn_ambiguous_gems
-      # TODO: remove this when we drop Bundler 1.x support
-      Installer.ambiguous_gems.to_a.each do |name, installed_from_uri, *also_found_in_uris|
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Warning: the gem '#{name}' was found in multiple sources."
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Installed from: #{installed_from_uri}"
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Also found in:"
-        also_found_in_uris.each {|uri| Bundler.ui.warn "  * #{uri}" }
-        Bundler.ui.warn "You should add a source requirement to restrict this gem to your preferred source."
-        Bundler.ui.warn "For example:"
-        Bundler.ui.warn "    gem '#{name}', :source => '#{installed_from_uri}'"
-        Bundler.ui.warn "Then uninstall the gem '#{name}' (or delete all bundled gems) and then install again."
-      end
+      options[:force] = options[:redownload] if options[:redownload]
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/issue.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/issue.rb
index e16c9b0e39..cbfb7da2d8 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/issue.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/issue.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module Bundler
         be sure to check out these resources:
 
         1. Check out our troubleshooting guide for quick fixes to common issues:
-        https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/doc/bundler/TROUBLESHOOTING.md
+        https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/blob/master/doc/bundler/TROUBLESHOOTING.md
 
         2. Instructions for common Bundler uses can be found on the documentation
         site: https://bundler.io/
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module Bundler
         still aren't working the way you expect them to, please let us know so
         that we can diagnose and help fix the problem you're having, by filling
         in the new issue form located at
-        https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md,
+        https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md,
         and copy and pasting the information below.
 
       EOS
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def doctor
-      require_relative "doctor"
-      Bundler::CLI::Doctor.new({}).run
+      require_relative "doctor/diagnose"
+      Bundler::CLI::Doctor::Diagnose.new({}).run
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/list.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/list.rb
index f56bf5b86a..6a467f45a9 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/list.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/list.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require "json"
+
 module Bundler
   class CLI::List
     def initialize(options)
       @options = options
       @without_group = options["without-group"].map(&:to_sym)
       @only_group = options["only-group"].map(&:to_sym)
+      @format = options["format"]
     end
 
     def run
@@ -25,6 +28,36 @@ module Bundler
         end
       end.reject {|s| s.name == "bundler" }.sort_by(&:name)
 
+      case @format
+      when "json"
+        print_json(specs: specs)
+      when nil
+        print_human(specs: specs)
+      else
+        raise InvalidOption, "Unknown option`--format=#{@format}`. Supported formats: `json`"
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def print_json(specs:)
+      gems = if @options["name-only"]
+        specs.map {|s| { name: s.name } }
+      else
+        specs.map do |s|
+          {
+            name: s.name,
+            version: s.version.to_s,
+            git_version: s.git_version&.strip,
+          }.tap do |h|
+            h[:path] = s.full_gem_path if @options["paths"]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      Bundler.ui.info({ gems: gems }.to_json)
+    end
+
+    def print_human(specs:)
       return Bundler.ui.info "No gems in the Gemfile" if specs.empty?
 
       return specs.each {|s| Bundler.ui.info s.name } if @options["name-only"]
@@ -37,8 +70,6 @@ module Bundler
       Bundler.ui.info "Use `bundle info` to print more detailed information about a gem"
     end
 
-    private
-
     def verify_group_exists(groups)
       (@without_group + @only_group).each do |group|
         raise InvalidOption, "`#{group}` group could not be found." unless groups.include?(group)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/lock.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/lock.rb
index b60c82e3a1..2f78868936 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/lock.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/lock.rb
@@ -35,11 +35,8 @@ module Bundler
         update = { bundler: bundler }
       end
 
-      file = options[:lockfile]
-      file = file ? Pathname.new(file).expand_path : Bundler.default_lockfile
-
       Bundler.settings.temporary(frozen: false) do
-        definition = Bundler.definition(update, file)
+        definition = Bundler.definition(update, Bundler.default_lockfile)
         definition.add_checksums if options["add-checksums"]
 
         Bundler::CLI::Common.configure_gem_version_promoter(definition, options) if options[:update]
@@ -71,8 +68,11 @@ module Bundler
         if print
           puts definition.to_lock
         else
+          file = options[:lockfile]
+          file = file ? Pathname.new(file).expand_path : Bundler.default_lockfile
+
           puts "Writing lockfile to #{file}"
-          definition.lock
+          definition.write_lock(file, false)
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/outdated.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/outdated.rb
index 1be44ff4b4..465e56ada2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/outdated.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/outdated.rb
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ module Bundler
     def run
       check_for_deployment_mode!
 
+      Bundler::CLI::Common.validate_cooldown!(options[:cooldown])
+      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cooldown, options[:cooldown]
+
       Bundler.definition.validate_runtime!
       current_specs = Bundler.ui.silence { Bundler.definition.resolve }
 
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       return active_spec if strict
 
-      active_specs = active_spec.source.specs.search(current_spec.name).select {|spec| spec.match_platform(current_spec.platform) }.sort_by(&:version)
+      active_specs = active_spec.source.specs.search(current_spec.name).select {|spec| spec.installable_on_platform?(current_spec.platform) }.sort_by(&:version)
       if !current_spec.version.prerelease? && !options[:pre] && active_specs.size > 1
         active_specs.delete_if {|b| b.respond_to?(:version) && b.version.prerelease? }
       end
@@ -199,7 +202,15 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       spec_outdated_info = "#{active_spec.name} (newest #{spec_version}, " \
-        "installed #{current_version}#{dependency_version})"
+        "installed #{current_version}#{dependency_version}"
+
+      release_date = release_date_for(active_spec)
+      spec_outdated_info += ", released #{release_date}" unless release_date.empty?
+
+      remaining = cooldown_days_remaining(active_spec)
+      spec_outdated_info += ", in cooldown for #{remaining} more day#{"s" if remaining > 1}" if remaining
+
+      spec_outdated_info += ")"
 
       output_message = if options[:parseable]
         spec_outdated_info.to_s
@@ -215,13 +226,25 @@ module Bundler
     def gem_column_for(current_spec, active_spec, dependency, groups)
       current_version = "#{current_spec.version}#{current_spec.git_version}"
       spec_version = "#{active_spec.version}#{active_spec.git_version}"
+      remaining = cooldown_days_remaining(active_spec)
+      spec_version += " (cooldown #{remaining}d)" if remaining
       dependency = dependency.requirement if dependency
 
       ret_val = [active_spec.name, current_version, spec_version, dependency.to_s, groups.to_s]
+      ret_val << release_date_for(active_spec)
       ret_val << loaded_from_for(active_spec).to_s if Bundler.ui.debug?
       ret_val
     end
 
+    def cooldown_days_remaining(spec, now = Time.now)
+      return nil unless spec.respond_to?(:created_at) && spec.created_at
+      return nil unless spec.respond_to?(:remote) && spec.remote
+      days = spec.remote.effective_cooldown
+      return nil if days.nil? || days <= 0
+      remaining = days - ((now - spec.created_at) / 86_400.0)
+      remaining > 0 ? remaining.ceil : nil
+    end
+
     def check_for_deployment_mode!
       return unless Bundler.frozen_bundle?
       suggested_command = if Bundler.settings.locations("frozen").keys.&([:global, :local]).any?
@@ -283,11 +306,28 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def table_header
-      header = ["Gem", "Current", "Latest", "Requested", "Groups"]
+      header = ["Gem", "Current", "Latest", "Requested", "Groups", "Release Date"]
       header << "Path" if Bundler.ui.debug?
       header
     end
 
+    def release_date_for(spec)
+      return "" unless spec.respond_to?(:date)
+
+      date = spec.date
+      return "" unless date
+
+      return "" unless Gem.const_defined?(:DEFAULT_SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH)
+      default_date = Time.at(Gem::DEFAULT_SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH).utc
+      default_date = Time.utc(default_date.year, default_date.month, default_date.day)
+
+      date = date.utc if date.respond_to?(:utc)
+
+      return "" if date == default_date
+
+      date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+    end
+
     def justify(row, sizes)
       row.each_with_index.map do |element, index|
         element.ljust(sizes[index])
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/plugin.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/plugin.rb
index fd61ef0d95..32fa660fe0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/plugin.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/plugin.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ module Bundler
     method_option "source", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "URL of the RubyGems source to fetch the plugin from"
     method_option "version", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "The version of the plugin to fetch"
     method_option "git", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "URL of the git repo to fetch from"
-    method_option "local_git", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "Path of the local git repo to fetch from (deprecated)"
+    method_option "local_git", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "Path of the local git repo to fetch from (removed)"
     method_option "branch", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "The git branch to checkout"
     method_option "ref", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "The git revision to check out"
     method_option "path", type: :string, default: nil, banner: "Path of a local gem to directly use"
     def install(*plugins)
+      if options.key?(:local_git)
+        raise InvalidOption, "--local_git has been removed, use --git"
+      end
+
       Bundler::Plugin.install(plugins, options)
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/pristine.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/pristine.rb
index cfd4a995a3..f463f0bce8 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/pristine.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/pristine.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ module Bundler
       definition = Bundler.definition
       definition.validate_runtime!
       installer = Bundler::Installer.new(Bundler.root, definition)
+      git_sources = []
 
       ProcessLock.lock do
         installed_specs = definition.specs.reject do |spec|
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ module Bundler
             end
             FileUtils.rm_rf spec.extension_dir
             FileUtils.rm_rf spec.full_gem_path
+
+            next if git_sources.include?(source)
+            git_sources << source
           else
             Bundler.ui.warn("Cannot pristine #{gem_name}. Gem is sourced from local path.")
             next
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ module Bundler
           true
         end.map(&:name)
 
-        jobs = installer.send(:installation_parallelization)
+        jobs = Bundler.settings.installation_parallelization
         pristine_count = definition.specs.count - installed_specs.count
         # allow a pristining a single gem to skip the parallel worker
         jobs = [jobs, pristine_count].min
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/show.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/show.rb
index 13bb8b774b..67fdcc797e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/show.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/show.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module Bundler
     def initialize(options, gem_name)
       @options = options
       @gem_name = gem_name
-      @verbose = options[:verbose] || options[:outdated]
+      @verbose = options[:verbose]
       @latest_specs = fetch_latest_specs if @verbose
     end
 
@@ -57,12 +57,8 @@ module Bundler
 
     def fetch_latest_specs
       definition = Bundler.definition(true)
-      if options[:outdated]
-        Bundler.ui.info "Fetching remote specs for outdated check...\n\n"
-        Bundler.ui.silence { definition.remotely! }
-      else
-        definition.with_cache!
-      end
+      Bundler.ui.info "Fetching remote specs for outdated check...\n\n"
+      Bundler.ui.silence { definition.remotely! }
       Bundler.reset!
       definition.specs
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/update.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/update.rb
index 985e8db051..d92ffd995f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/update.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/cli/update.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       Bundler.self_manager.update_bundler_and_restart_with_it_if_needed(update_bundler) if update_bundler
 
-      Plugin.gemfile_install(Bundler.default_gemfile) if Bundler.feature_flag.plugins?
+      Plugin.gemfile_install(Bundler.default_gemfile) if Bundler.settings[:plugins]
 
       sources = Array(options[:source])
       groups  = Array(options[:group]).map(&:to_sym)
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ module Bundler
       full_update = gems.empty? && sources.empty? && groups.empty? && !options[:ruby] && !update_bundler
 
       if full_update && !options[:all]
-        if Bundler.feature_flag.update_requires_all_flag?
+        if Bundler.settings[:update_requires_all_flag]
           raise InvalidOption, "To update everything, pass the `--all` flag."
         end
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 3, "Pass --all to `bundle update` to update everything"
+        SharedHelpers.feature_deprecated! "Pass --all to `bundle update` to update everything"
       elsif !full_update && options[:all]
         raise InvalidOption, "Cannot specify --all along with specific options."
       end
@@ -63,9 +63,11 @@ module Bundler
       opts = options.dup
       opts["update"] = true
       opts["local"] = options[:local]
-      opts["force"] = options[:redownload]
+      opts["force"] = options[:redownload] if options[:redownload]
 
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :jobs, opts["jobs"]
+      Bundler::CLI::Common.validate_cooldown!(options[:cooldown])
+      Bundler.settings.set_command_option_if_given :cooldown, options[:cooldown]
 
       Bundler.definition.validate_runtime!
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ module Bundler
           locked_spec = locked_info[:spec]
           new_spec = Bundler.definition.specs[name].first
           unless new_spec
-            unless locked_spec.match_platform(Bundler.local_platform)
+            unless locked_spec.installable_on_platform?(Bundler.local_platform)
               Bundler.ui.warn "Bundler attempted to update #{name} but it was not considered because it is for a different platform from the current one"
             end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/cli/viz.rb b/lib/bundler/cli/viz.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c09e00995..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/cli/viz.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Bundler
-  class CLI::Viz
-    attr_reader :options, :gem_name
-    def initialize(options)
-      @options = options
-    end
-
-    def run
-      # make sure we get the right `graphviz`. There is also a `graphviz`
-      # gem we're not built to support
-      gem "ruby-graphviz"
-      require "graphviz"
-
-      options[:without] = options[:without].join(":").tr(" ", ":").split(":")
-      output_file = File.expand_path(options[:file])
-
-      graph = Graph.new(Bundler.load, output_file, options[:version], options[:requirements], options[:format], options[:without])
-      graph.viz
-    rescue LoadError => e
-      Bundler.ui.error e.inspect
-      Bundler.ui.warn "Make sure you have the graphviz ruby gem. You can install it with:"
-      Bundler.ui.warn "`gem install ruby-graphviz`"
-    rescue StandardError => e
-      raise unless e.message.to_s.include?("GraphViz not installed or dot not in PATH")
-      Bundler.ui.error e.message
-      Bundler.ui.warn "Please install GraphViz. On a Mac with Homebrew, you can run `brew install graphviz`."
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client.rb b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client.rb
index 37e2ccced8..6865e30dbc 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "pathname"
 require "set"
 
 module Bundler
diff --git a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache.rb b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache.rb
index bedd7f8028..3bae6c9efd 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "gem_parser"
+require "rubygems/resolver/api_set/gem_parser"
 
 module Bundler
   class CompactIndexClient
diff --git a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/gem_parser.rb b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/gem_parser.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 60a1817607..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/gem_parser.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Bundler
-  class CompactIndexClient
-    if defined?(Gem::Resolver::APISet::GemParser)
-      GemParser = Gem::Resolver::APISet::GemParser
-    else
-      class GemParser
-        EMPTY_ARRAY = [].freeze
-        private_constant :EMPTY_ARRAY
-
-        def parse(line)
-          version_and_platform, rest = line.split(" ", 2)
-          version, platform = version_and_platform.split("-", 2)
-          dependencies, requirements = rest.split("|", 2).map! {|s| s.split(",") } if rest
-          dependencies = dependencies ? dependencies.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : EMPTY_ARRAY
-          requirements = requirements ? requirements.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : EMPTY_ARRAY
-          [version, platform, dependencies, requirements]
-        end
-
-        private
-
-        def parse_dependency(string)
-          dependency = string.split(":")
-          dependency[-1] = dependency[-1].split("&") if dependency.size > 1
-          dependency[0] = -dependency[0]
-          dependency
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/parser.rb b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/parser.rb
index 3276abdd68..ad0d17ed4a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/parser.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/compact_index_client/parser.rb
@@ -64,14 +64,17 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def gem_parser
-        @gem_parser ||= GemParser.new
+        @gem_parser ||= Gem::Resolver::APISet::GemParser.new
       end
 
       # This is mostly the same as `split(" ", 3)` but it avoids allocating extra objects.
       # This method gets called at least once for every gem when parsing versions.
       def parse_version_checksum(line, checksums)
         return unless (name_end = line.index(" ")) # Artifactory bug causes blank lines in artifactor index files
-        return unless (checksum_start = line.index(" ", name_end + 1) + 1)
+        checksum_start = line.index(" ", name_end + 1)
+        return unless checksum_start
+        checksum_start += 1
+
         checksum_end = line.size - checksum_start
 
         line.freeze # allows slicing into the string to not allocate a copy of the line
diff --git a/lib/bundler/current_ruby.rb b/lib/bundler/current_ruby.rb
index e7c872031f..17c7655adb 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/current_ruby.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/current_ruby.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module Bundler
   end
 
   class CurrentRuby
-    ALL_RUBY_VERSIONS = (18..27).to_a.concat((30..35).to_a).freeze
+    ALL_RUBY_VERSIONS = [*18..27, *30..34, *40..41].freeze
     KNOWN_MINOR_VERSIONS = ALL_RUBY_VERSIONS.map {|v| v.digits.reverse.join(".") }.freeze
     KNOWN_MAJOR_VERSIONS = ALL_RUBY_VERSIONS.map {|v| v.digits.last.to_s }.uniq.freeze
     PLATFORM_MAP = {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module Bundler
     end.freeze
 
     def ruby?
-      return true if Bundler::GemHelpers.generic_local_platform_is_ruby?
+      return true if Bundler::MatchPlatform.generic_local_platform_is_ruby?
 
       !windows? && (RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby" || RUBY_ENGINE == "rbx" || RUBY_ENGINE == "maglev" || RUBY_ENGINE == "truffleruby")
     end
@@ -50,19 +50,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def maglev?
-      message =
-        "`CurrentRuby#maglev?` is deprecated with no replacement. Please use the " \
-        "built-in Ruby `RUBY_ENGINE` constant to check the Ruby implementation you are running on."
       removed_message =
         "`CurrentRuby#maglev?` was removed with no replacement. Please use the " \
         "built-in Ruby `RUBY_ENGINE` constant to check the Ruby implementation you are running on."
-      internally_exempted = caller_locations(1, 1).first.path == __FILE__
-
-      unless internally_exempted
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
-      end
-
-      RUBY_ENGINE == "maglev"
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
     end
 
     def truffleruby?
@@ -90,14 +81,11 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       define_method(:"maglev_#{trimmed_version}?") do
-        message =
-          "`CurrentRuby##{__method__}` is deprecated with no replacement. Please use the " \
-          "built-in Ruby `RUBY_ENGINE` and `RUBY_VERSION` constants to perform a similar check."
         removed_message =
           "`CurrentRuby##{__method__}` was removed with no replacement. Please use the " \
           "built-in Ruby `RUBY_ENGINE` and `RUBY_VERSION` constants to perform a similar check."
 
-        SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
+        SharedHelpers.feature_removed!(removed_message)
 
         send(:"maglev?") && send(:"on_#{trimmed_version}?")
       end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/definition.rb b/lib/bundler/definition.rb
index 557315af4f..7a95671471 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/definition.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/definition.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "lockfile_parser"
+require_relative "worker"
 
 module Bundler
   class Definition
-    include GemHelpers
-
     class << self
       # Do not create or modify a lockfile (Makes #lock a noop)
       attr_accessor :no_lock
     end
 
+    attr_writer :lockfile, :overrides
+
     attr_reader(
       :dependencies,
       :locked_checksums,
       :locked_deps,
       :locked_gems,
+      :overrides,
       :platforms,
       :ruby_version,
       :lockfile,
@@ -36,7 +38,10 @@ module Bundler
 
       raise GemfileNotFound, "#{gemfile} not found" unless gemfile.file?
 
-      Dsl.evaluate(gemfile, lockfile, unlock)
+      Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GEM_BEFORE_EVAL, gemfile, lockfile)
+      Dsl.evaluate(gemfile, lockfile, unlock).tap do |definition|
+        Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GEM_AFTER_EVAL, definition)
+      end
     end
 
     #
@@ -57,11 +62,12 @@ module Bundler
     #   to be updated or true if all gems should be updated
     # @param ruby_version [Bundler::RubyVersion, nil] Requested Ruby Version
     # @param optional_groups [Array(String)] A list of optional groups
-    def initialize(lockfile, dependencies, sources, unlock, ruby_version = nil, optional_groups = [], gemfiles = [])
+    def initialize(lockfile, dependencies, sources, unlock, ruby_version = nil, optional_groups = [], gemfiles = [], overrides = [])
       unlock ||= {}
 
       if unlock == true
         @unlocking_all = true
+        strict = false
         @unlocking_bundler = false
         @unlocking = unlock
         @sources_to_unlock = []
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ module Bundler
         conservative = false
       else
         @unlocking_all = false
+        strict = unlock.delete(:strict)
         @unlocking_bundler = unlock.delete(:bundler)
         @unlocking = unlock.any? {|_k, v| !Array(v).empty? }
         @sources_to_unlock = unlock.delete(:sources) || []
@@ -85,6 +92,7 @@ module Bundler
       @specs           = nil
       @ruby_version    = ruby_version
       @gemfiles        = gemfiles
+      @overrides       = overrides
 
       @lockfile               = lockfile
       @lockfile_contents      = String.new
@@ -95,17 +103,20 @@ module Bundler
       @locked_ruby_version = nil
       @new_platforms = []
       @removed_platforms = []
+      @originally_invalid_platforms = []
 
       if lockfile_exists?
         @lockfile_contents = Bundler.read_file(lockfile)
-        @locked_gems = LockfileParser.new(@lockfile_contents)
+        @locked_gems = LockfileParser.new(@lockfile_contents, strict: strict)
         @locked_platforms = @locked_gems.platforms
         @most_specific_locked_platform = @locked_gems.most_specific_locked_platform
         @platforms = @locked_platforms.dup
         @locked_bundler_version = @locked_gems.bundler_version
         @locked_ruby_version = @locked_gems.ruby_version
         @locked_deps = @locked_gems.dependencies
+        Override.attach(@locked_gems.specs, @overrides)
         @originally_locked_specs = SpecSet.new(@locked_gems.specs)
+        @originally_locked_sources = @locked_gems.sources
         @locked_checksums = @locked_gems.checksums
 
         if @unlocking_all
@@ -113,7 +124,16 @@ module Bundler
           @locked_sources = []
         else
           @locked_specs   = @originally_locked_specs
-          @locked_sources = @locked_gems.sources
+          @locked_sources = @originally_locked_sources
+        end
+
+        locked_gem_sources = @originally_locked_sources.select {|s| s.is_a?(Source::Rubygems) }
+        multisource_lockfile = locked_gem_sources.size == 1 && locked_gem_sources.first.multiple_remotes?
+
+        if multisource_lockfile
+          msg = "Your lockfile contains a single rubygems source section with multiple remotes, which is insecure. Make sure you run `bundle install` in non frozen mode and commit the result to make your lockfile secure."
+
+          Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! msg
         end
       else
         @locked_gems = nil
@@ -122,22 +142,10 @@ module Bundler
         @platforms      = []
         @locked_deps    = {}
         @locked_specs   = SpecSet.new([])
-        @originally_locked_specs = @locked_specs
         @locked_sources = []
-        @locked_checksums = Bundler.feature_flag.lockfile_checksums?
-      end
-
-      locked_gem_sources = @locked_sources.select {|s| s.is_a?(Source::Rubygems) }
-      @multisource_allowed = locked_gem_sources.size == 1 && locked_gem_sources.first.multiple_remotes? && Bundler.frozen_bundle?
-
-      if @multisource_allowed
-        unless sources.aggregate_global_source?
-          msg = "Your lockfile contains a single rubygems source section with multiple remotes, which is insecure. Make sure you run `bundle install` in non frozen mode and commit the result to make your lockfile secure."
-
-          Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, msg
-        end
-
-        @sources.merged_gem_lockfile_sections!(locked_gem_sources.first)
+        @originally_locked_specs = @locked_specs
+        @originally_locked_sources = @locked_sources
+        @locked_checksums = Bundler.settings[:lockfile_checksums]
       end
 
       @unlocking_ruby ||= if @ruby_version && locked_ruby_version_object
@@ -147,9 +155,8 @@ module Bundler
 
       @current_platform_missing = add_current_platform unless Bundler.frozen_bundle?
 
-      converge_path_sources_to_gemspec_sources
-      @path_changes = converge_paths
       @source_changes = converge_sources
+      @path_changes = converge_paths
 
       if conservative
         @gems_to_unlock = @explicit_unlocks.any? ? @explicit_unlocks : @dependencies.map(&:name)
@@ -189,12 +196,14 @@ module Bundler
     def setup_domain!(options = {})
       prefer_local! if options[:"prefer-local"]
 
+      sources.cached!
+
       if options[:add_checksums] || (!options[:local] && install_needed?)
-        remotely!
+        sources.remote!
         true
       else
         Bundler.settings.set_command_option(:jobs, 1) unless install_needed? # to avoid the overhead of Bundler::Worker
-        with_cache!
+        sources.local!
         false
       end
     end
@@ -246,6 +255,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def missing_specs
+      preload_git_sources
       resolve.missing_specs_for(requested_dependencies)
     end
 
@@ -257,7 +267,7 @@ module Bundler
     rescue BundlerError => e
       @resolve = nil
       @resolver = nil
-      @resolution_packages = nil
+      @resolution_base = nil
       @source_requirements = nil
       @specs = nil
 
@@ -282,12 +292,17 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def filter_relevant(dependencies)
-      platforms_array = [generic_local_platform].freeze
       dependencies.select do |d|
-        d.should_include? && !d.gem_platforms(platforms_array).empty?
+        relevant_deps?(d)
       end
     end
 
+    def relevant_deps?(dep)
+      platforms_array = [Bundler.generic_local_platform].freeze
+
+      dep.should_include? && !dep.gem_platforms(platforms_array).empty?
+    end
+
     def locked_dependencies
       @locked_deps.values
     end
@@ -337,11 +352,7 @@ module Bundler
           end
         end
       else
-        if lockfile_exists?
-          Bundler.ui.debug "Found changes from the lockfile, re-resolving dependencies because #{change_reason}"
-        else
-          Bundler.ui.debug "Resolving dependencies because there's no lockfile"
-        end
+        Bundler.ui.debug resolve_needed_reason
 
         start_resolution
       end
@@ -371,12 +382,50 @@ module Bundler
 
         msg = "`Definition#lock` was passed a target file argument. #{suggestion}"
 
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, msg
+        Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! msg
       end
 
       write_lock(target_lockfile, preserve_unknown_sections)
     end
 
+    def write_lock(file, preserve_unknown_sections)
+      return if Definition.no_lock || !lockfile || file.nil?
+
+      contents = to_lock
+
+      # Convert to \r\n if the existing lock has them
+      # i.e., Windows with `git config core.autocrlf=true`
+      contents.gsub!(/\n/, "\r\n") if @lockfile_contents.match?("\r\n")
+
+      if @locked_bundler_version
+        locked_major = @locked_bundler_version.segments.first
+        current_major = bundler_version_to_lock.segments.first
+
+        updating_major = locked_major < current_major
+      end
+
+      preserve_unknown_sections ||= !updating_major && (Bundler.frozen_bundle? || !(unlocking? || @unlocking_bundler))
+
+      if File.exist?(file) && lockfiles_equal?(@lockfile_contents, contents, preserve_unknown_sections)
+        return if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
+        SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file) { FileUtils.touch(file) }
+        return
+      end
+
+      if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
+        Bundler.ui.error "Cannot write a changed lockfile while frozen."
+        return
+      end
+
+      begin
+        SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file) do |p|
+          File.open(p, "wb") {|f| f.puts(contents) }
+        end
+      rescue ReadOnlyFileSystemError
+        raise ProductionError, lockfile_changes_summary("file system is read-only")
+      end
+    end
+
     def locked_ruby_version
       return unless ruby_version
       if @unlocking_ruby || !@locked_ruby_version
@@ -444,12 +493,6 @@ module Bundler
                 "Your Ruby version is #{actual}, but your Gemfile specified #{expected}"
               when :engine_version
                 "Your #{Bundler::RubyVersion.system.engine} version is #{actual}, but your Gemfile specified #{ruby_version.engine} #{expected}"
-              when :patchlevel
-                if !expected.is_a?(String)
-                  "The Ruby patchlevel in your Gemfile must be a string"
-                else
-                  "Your Ruby patchlevel is #{actual}, but your Gemfile specified #{expected}"
-                end
         end
 
         raise RubyVersionMismatch, msg
@@ -460,12 +503,12 @@ module Bundler
       return if current_platform_locked? || @platforms.include?(Gem::Platform::RUBY)
 
       raise ProductionError, "Your bundle only supports platforms #{@platforms.map(&:to_s)} " \
-        "but your local platform is #{local_platform}. " \
-        "Add the current platform to the lockfile with\n`bundle lock --add-platform #{local_platform}` and try again."
+        "but your local platform is #{Bundler.local_platform}. " \
+        "Add the current platform to the lockfile with\n`bundle lock --add-platform #{Bundler.local_platform}` and try again."
     end
 
     def normalize_platforms
-      @platforms = resolve.normalize_platforms!(current_dependencies, platforms)
+      resolve.normalize_platforms!(current_dependencies, platforms)
 
       @resolve = SpecSet.new(resolve.for(current_dependencies, @platforms))
     end
@@ -496,14 +539,25 @@ module Bundler
       @unlocking
     end
 
-    attr_writer :source_requirements
-
     def add_checksums
+      require "rubygems/package"
+
       @locked_checksums = true
 
       setup_domain!(add_checksums: true)
 
-      specs # force materialization to real specifications, so that checksums are fetched
+      # force materialization to real specifications, so that checksums are fetched
+      specs.each do |spec|
+        next unless spec.source.is_a?(Bundler::Source::Rubygems)
+        # Checksum was fetched from the compact index API.
+        next if !spec.source.checksum_store.missing?(spec) && !spec.source.checksum_store.empty?(spec)
+        # The gem isn't installed, can't compute the checksum.
+        next unless spec.loaded_from
+
+        package = Gem::Package.new(spec.source.cached_built_in_gem(spec))
+        checksum = Checksum.from_gem_package(package)
+        spec.source.checksum_store.register(spec, checksum)
+      end
     end
 
     private
@@ -537,14 +591,13 @@ module Bundler
 
       return unless added.any? || deleted.any? || changed.any? || resolve_needed?
 
-      reason = resolve_needed? ? change_reason : "some dependencies were deleted from your gemfile"
-
-      msg = String.new
-      msg << "#{reason.capitalize.strip}, but the lockfile can't be updated because #{update_refused_reason}"
+      msg = String.new("#{change_reason[0].upcase}#{change_reason[1..-1].strip}, but ")
+      msg << "the lockfile " unless msg.start_with?("Your lockfile")
+      msg << "can't be updated because #{update_refused_reason}"
       msg << "\n\nYou have added to the Gemfile:\n" << added.join("\n") if added.any?
       msg << "\n\nYou have deleted from the Gemfile:\n" << deleted.join("\n") if deleted.any?
       msg << "\n\nYou have changed in the Gemfile:\n" << changed.join("\n") if changed.any?
-      msg << "\n\nRun `bundle install` elsewhere and add the updated #{SharedHelpers.relative_gemfile_path} to version control.\n" unless unlocking?
+      msg << "\n\nRun `bundle install` elsewhere and add the updated #{SharedHelpers.relative_lockfile_path} to version control.\n" unless unlocking?
       msg
     end
 
@@ -563,6 +616,8 @@ module Bundler
         @local_changes ||
         @missing_lockfile_dep ||
         @unlocking_bundler ||
+        @locked_spec_with_missing_checksums ||
+        @locked_spec_with_empty_checksums ||
         @locked_spec_with_missing_deps ||
         @locked_spec_with_invalid_deps
     end
@@ -572,57 +627,32 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def should_add_extra_platforms?
-      !lockfile_exists? && generic_local_platform_is_ruby? && !Bundler.settings[:force_ruby_platform]
+      !lockfile_exists? && Bundler::MatchPlatform.generic_local_platform_is_ruby? && !Bundler.settings[:force_ruby_platform]
     end
 
     def lockfile_exists?
       lockfile && File.exist?(lockfile)
     end
 
-    def write_lock(file, preserve_unknown_sections)
-      return if Definition.no_lock || file.nil?
-
-      contents = to_lock
-
-      # Convert to \r\n if the existing lock has them
-      # i.e., Windows with `git config core.autocrlf=true`
-      contents.gsub!(/\n/, "\r\n") if @lockfile_contents.match?("\r\n")
-
-      if @locked_bundler_version
-        locked_major = @locked_bundler_version.segments.first
-        current_major = bundler_version_to_lock.segments.first
-
-        updating_major = locked_major < current_major
-      end
-
-      preserve_unknown_sections ||= !updating_major && (Bundler.frozen_bundle? || !(unlocking? || @unlocking_bundler))
-
-      if File.exist?(file) && lockfiles_equal?(@lockfile_contents, contents, preserve_unknown_sections)
-        return if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
-        SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file) { FileUtils.touch(file) }
-        return
-      end
-
-      if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
-        Bundler.ui.error "Cannot write a changed lockfile while frozen."
-        return
-      end
+    def resolver
+      @resolver ||= new_resolver(resolution_base)
+    end
 
-      begin
-        SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file) do |p|
-          File.open(p, "wb") {|f| f.puts(contents) }
-        end
-      rescue ReadOnlyFileSystemError
-        raise ProductionError, lockfile_changes_summary("file system is read-only")
-      end
+    def expanded_dependencies
+      apply_overrides_to(dependencies_with_bundler) + metadata_dependencies
     end
 
-    def resolver
-      @resolver ||= Resolver.new(resolution_packages, gem_version_promoter, @most_specific_locked_platform)
+    def apply_overrides_to(deps)
+      return deps if @overrides.empty?
+      deps.map {|dep| apply_override_to(dep) }
     end
 
-    def expanded_dependencies
-      dependencies_with_bundler + metadata_dependencies
+    def apply_override_to(dep)
+      override = Override.find_for(@overrides, dep.name, :version)
+      return dep unless override
+      new_dep = dep.dup
+      new_dep.instance_variable_set(:@requirement, override.apply_to(dep.requirement))
+      new_dep
     end
 
     def dependencies_with_bundler
@@ -632,15 +662,14 @@ module Bundler
       [Dependency.new("bundler", @unlocking_bundler)] + dependencies
     end
 
-    def resolution_packages
-      @resolution_packages ||= begin
+    def resolution_base
+      @resolution_base ||= begin
         last_resolve = converge_locked_specs
         remove_invalid_platforms!
-        new_resolution_platforms = @current_platform_missing ? @new_platforms + [local_platform] : @new_platforms
-        packages = Resolver::Base.new(source_requirements, expanded_dependencies, last_resolve, @platforms, locked_specs: @originally_locked_specs, unlock: @unlocking_all || @gems_to_unlock, prerelease: gem_version_promoter.pre?, prefer_local: @prefer_local, new_platforms: new_resolution_platforms)
-        packages = additional_base_requirements_to_prevent_downgrades(packages)
-        packages = additional_base_requirements_to_force_updates(packages)
-        packages
+        base = new_resolution_base(last_resolve: last_resolve, unlock: @unlocking_all || @gems_to_unlock)
+        base = additional_base_requirements_to_prevent_downgrades(base)
+        base = additional_base_requirements_to_force_updates(base)
+        base
       end
     end
 
@@ -649,20 +678,12 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def materialize(dependencies)
-      # Tracks potential endless loops trying to re-resolve.
-      # TODO: Remove as dead code if not reports are received in a while
-      incorrect_spec = nil
-
       specs = begin
         resolve.materialize(dependencies)
       rescue IncorrectLockfileDependencies => e
         raise if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
 
-        spec = e.spec
-        raise "Infinite loop while fixing lockfile dependencies" if incorrect_spec == spec
-
-        incorrect_spec = spec
-        reresolve_without([spec])
+        reresolve_without([e.spec])
         retry
       end
 
@@ -715,8 +736,7 @@ module Bundler
         still_incomplete_specs = resolve.incomplete_specs
 
         if still_incomplete_specs == incomplete_specs
-          package = resolution_packages.get_package(incomplete_specs.first.name)
-          resolver.raise_not_found! package
+          resolver.raise_incomplete! incomplete_specs
         end
 
         incomplete_specs = still_incomplete_specs
@@ -738,49 +758,78 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def reresolve_without(incomplete_specs)
-      resolution_packages.delete(incomplete_specs)
+      resolution_base.delete(incomplete_specs)
       @resolve = start_resolution
     end
 
     def start_resolution
-      local_platform_needed_for_resolvability = @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform && !@platforms.include?(local_platform)
-      @platforms << local_platform if local_platform_needed_for_resolvability
-      add_platform(Gem::Platform::RUBY) if RUBY_ENGINE == "truffleruby"
+      local_platform_needed_for_resolvability = @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform && !@platforms.include?(Bundler.local_platform)
+      @platforms << Bundler.local_platform if local_platform_needed_for_resolvability
 
       result = SpecSet.new(resolver.start)
 
       @resolved_bundler_version = result.find {|spec| spec.name == "bundler" }&.version
 
+      @new_platforms.each do |platform|
+        incomplete_specs = result.incomplete_specs_for_platform(current_dependencies, platform)
+
+        if incomplete_specs.any?
+          resolver.raise_incomplete! incomplete_specs
+        end
+      end
+
       if @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform
-        if spec_set_incomplete_for_platform?(result, @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform)
+        if result.incomplete_for_platform?(current_dependencies, @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform)
           @platforms.delete(@most_specific_non_local_locked_platform)
         elsif local_platform_needed_for_resolvability
-          @platforms.delete(local_platform)
+          @platforms.delete(Bundler.local_platform)
         end
       end
 
-      @platforms = result.add_extra_platforms!(platforms) if should_add_extra_platforms?
+      if should_add_extra_platforms?
+        result.add_extra_platforms!(platforms)
+      elsif @originally_invalid_platforms.any?
+        result.add_originally_invalid_platforms!(platforms, @originally_invalid_platforms)
+      end
 
       SpecSet.new(result.for(dependencies, @platforms | [Gem::Platform::RUBY]))
     end
 
     def precompute_source_requirements_for_indirect_dependencies?
-      sources.non_global_rubygems_sources.all?(&:dependency_api_available?) && !sources.aggregate_global_source?
+      if sources.non_global_rubygems_sources.all?(&:dependency_api_available?)
+        true
+      else
+        non_dependency_api_warning
+        false
+      end
+    end
+
+    def non_dependency_api_warning
+      non_api_sources = sources.non_global_rubygems_sources.reject(&:dependency_api_available?)
+      non_api_source_names = non_api_sources.map {|d| "  * #{d}" }.join("\n")
+
+      msg = String.new
+      msg << "Your Gemfile contains scoped sources that don't implement a dependency API, namely:\n\n"
+      msg << non_api_source_names
+      msg << "\n\nUsing the above gem servers may result in installing unexpected gems. " \
+        "To resolve this warning, make sure you use gem servers that implement dependency APIs, " \
+        "such as gemstash or geminabox gem servers."
+      Bundler.ui.warn msg
     end
 
     def current_platform_locked?
       @platforms.any? do |bundle_platform|
-        generic_local_platform == bundle_platform || local_platform === bundle_platform
+        Bundler.generic_local_platform == bundle_platform || Bundler.local_platform === bundle_platform
       end
     end
 
     def add_current_platform
-      return if @platforms.include?(local_platform)
+      return if @platforms.include?(Bundler.local_platform)
 
       @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform = find_most_specific_locked_platform
       return if @most_specific_non_local_locked_platform
 
-      @platforms << local_platform
+      @platforms << Bundler.local_platform
       true
     end
 
@@ -790,32 +839,59 @@ module Bundler
       @most_specific_locked_platform
     end
 
-    def change_reason
-      if unlocking?
-        unlock_targets = if @gems_to_unlock.any?
-          ["gems", @gems_to_unlock]
-        elsif @sources_to_unlock.any?
-          ["sources", @sources_to_unlock]
+    def resolve_needed_reason
+      if lockfile_exists?
+        if unlocking?
+          "Re-resolving dependencies because #{unlocking_reason}"
+        else
+          "Found changes from the lockfile, re-resolving dependencies because #{lockfile_changed_reason}"
         end
+      else
+        "Resolving dependencies because there's no lockfile"
+      end
+    end
 
-        unlock_reason = if unlock_targets
-          "#{unlock_targets.first}: (#{unlock_targets.last.join(", ")})"
+    def change_reason
+      if resolve_needed?
+        if unlocking?
+          unlocking_reason
         else
-          @unlocking_ruby ? "ruby" : ""
+          lockfile_changed_reason
         end
+      else
+        "some dependencies were deleted from your gemfile"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def unlocking_reason
+      unlock_targets = if @gems_to_unlock.any?
+        ["gems", @gems_to_unlock]
+      elsif @sources_to_unlock.any?
+        ["sources", @sources_to_unlock]
+      end
 
-        return "bundler is unlocking #{unlock_reason}"
+      unlock_reason = if unlock_targets
+        "#{unlock_targets.first}: (#{unlock_targets.last.join(", ")})"
+      else
+        @unlocking_ruby ? "ruby" : ""
       end
+
+      "bundler is unlocking #{unlock_reason}"
+    end
+
+    def lockfile_changed_reason
       [
         [@source_changes, "the list of sources changed"],
         [@dependency_changes, "the dependencies in your gemfile changed"],
-        [@current_platform_missing, "your lockfile does not include the current platform"],
+        [@current_platform_missing, "your lockfile is missing the current platform"],
         [@new_platforms.any?, "you are adding a new platform to your lockfile"],
         [@path_changes, "the gemspecs for path gems changed"],
         [@local_changes, "the gemspecs for git local gems changed"],
-        [@missing_lockfile_dep, "your lock file is missing \"#{@missing_lockfile_dep}\""],
+        [@missing_lockfile_dep, "your lockfile is missing \"#{@missing_lockfile_dep}\""],
         [@unlocking_bundler, "an update to the version of Bundler itself was requested"],
-        [@locked_spec_with_missing_deps, "your lock file includes \"#{@locked_spec_with_missing_deps}\" but not some of its dependencies"],
+        [@locked_spec_with_missing_checksums, "your lockfile is missing a CHECKSUMS entry for \"#{@locked_spec_with_missing_checksums}\""],
+        [@locked_spec_with_empty_checksums, "your lockfile has an empty CHECKSUMS entry for \"#{@locked_spec_with_empty_checksums}\""],
+        [@locked_spec_with_missing_deps, "your lockfile includes \"#{@locked_spec_with_missing_deps}\" but not some of its dependencies"],
         [@locked_spec_with_invalid_deps, "your lockfile does not satisfy dependencies of \"#{@locked_spec_with_invalid_deps}\""],
       ].select(&:first).map(&:last).join(", ")
     end
@@ -832,8 +908,8 @@ module Bundler
       !locked || dependencies_for_source_changed?(source, locked) || specs_for_source_changed?(source)
     end
 
-    def dependencies_for_source_changed?(source, locked_source = source)
-      deps_for_source = @dependencies.select {|s| s.source == source }
+    def dependencies_for_source_changed?(source, locked_source)
+      deps_for_source = @dependencies.select {|dep| dep.source == source }
       locked_deps_for_source = locked_dependencies.select {|dep| dep.source == locked_source }
 
       deps_for_source.uniq.sort != locked_deps_for_source.sort
@@ -841,7 +917,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     def specs_for_source_changed?(source)
       locked_index = Index.new
-      locked_index.use(@locked_specs.select {|s| source.can_lock?(s) })
+      locked_index.use(@locked_specs.select {|s| s.replace_source_with!(source) })
 
       !locked_index.subset?(source.specs)
     rescue PathError, GitError => e
@@ -873,21 +949,38 @@ module Bundler
     def check_lockfile
       @locked_spec_with_invalid_deps = nil
       @locked_spec_with_missing_deps = nil
+      @locked_spec_with_missing_checksums = nil
+      @locked_spec_with_empty_checksums = nil
 
-      missing = []
+      missing_deps = []
+      missing_checksums = []
+      empty_checksums = []
       invalid = []
 
       @locked_specs.each do |s|
+        if @locked_checksums
+          checksum_store = s.source.checksum_store
+
+          if checksum_store.missing?(s)
+            missing_checksums << s
+          elsif checksum_store.empty?(s)
+            empty_checksums << s
+          end
+        end
+
         validation = @locked_specs.validate_deps(s)
 
-        missing << s if validation == :missing
+        missing_deps << s if validation == :missing
         invalid << s if validation == :invalid
       end
 
-      if missing.any?
-        @locked_specs.delete(missing)
+      @locked_spec_with_missing_checksums = missing_checksums.first.name if missing_checksums.any?
+      @locked_spec_with_empty_checksums = empty_checksums.first.name if empty_checksums.any?
+
+      if missing_deps.any?
+        @locked_specs.delete(missing_deps)
 
-        @locked_spec_with_missing_deps = missing.first.name
+        @locked_spec_with_missing_deps = missing_deps.first.name
       end
 
       if invalid.any?
@@ -903,24 +996,6 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    def converge_path_source_to_gemspec_source(source)
-      return source unless source.instance_of?(Source::Path)
-      gemspec_source = sources.path_sources.find {|s| s.is_a?(Source::Gemspec) && s.as_path_source == source }
-      gemspec_source || source
-    end
-
-    def converge_path_sources_to_gemspec_sources
-      @locked_sources.map! do |source|
-        converge_path_source_to_gemspec_source(source)
-      end
-      @locked_specs.each do |spec|
-        spec.source &&= converge_path_source_to_gemspec_source(spec.source)
-      end
-      @locked_deps.each do |_, dep|
-        dep.source &&= converge_path_source_to_gemspec_source(dep.source)
-      end
-    end
-
     def converge_sources
       # Replace the sources from the Gemfile with the sources from the Gemfile.lock,
       # if they exist in the Gemfile.lock and are `==`. If you can't find an equivalent
@@ -930,7 +1005,7 @@ module Bundler
       sources.all_sources.each do |source|
         # has to be done separately, because we want to keep the locked checksum
         # store for a source, even when doing a full update
-        if @locked_checksums && @locked_gems && locked_source = @locked_gems.sources.find {|s| s == source && !s.equal?(source) }
+        if @locked_checksums && @locked_gems && locked_source = @originally_locked_sources.find {|s| s == source && !s.equal?(source) }
           source.checksum_store.merge!(locked_source.checksum_store)
         end
         # If the source is unlockable and the current command allows an unlock of
@@ -944,6 +1019,8 @@ module Bundler
         end
       end
 
+      sources.metadata_source.checksum_store.merge!(@locked_gems.metadata_source.checksum_store) if @locked_gems
+
       changes
     end
 
@@ -951,10 +1028,11 @@ module Bundler
       @missing_lockfile_dep = nil
       @changed_dependencies = []
 
-      current_dependencies.each do |dep|
+      @dependencies.each do |dep|
         if dep.source
           dep.source = sources.get(dep.source)
         end
+        next unless relevant_deps?(dep)
 
         name = dep.name
 
@@ -963,20 +1041,49 @@ module Bundler
         unless name == "bundler"
           locked_specs = @originally_locked_specs[name]
 
-          if locked_specs.any? && !dep.matches_spec?(locked_specs.first)
-            @gems_to_unlock << name
-            dep_changed = true
-          elsif locked_specs.empty? && dep_changed == false
-            @missing_lockfile_dep = name
+          if locked_specs.empty?
+            @missing_lockfile_dep = name if dep_changed == false
+          else
+            if locked_specs.map(&:source).uniq.size > 1
+              @locked_specs.delete(locked_specs.select {|s| s.source != dep.source })
+            end
+
+            unless apply_override_to(dep).matches_spec?(locked_specs.first)
+              @gems_to_unlock << name
+              dep_changed = true
+            end
           end
         end
 
         @changed_dependencies << name if dep_changed
       end
 
+      converge_overrides_outside_dependencies
+
       @changed_dependencies.any?
     end
 
+    def converge_overrides_outside_dependencies
+      @overrides.each do |override|
+        # :all overrides are intentionally not pre-unlocked. They take effect on
+        # fresh resolution (no lockfile) or when the user runs `bundle update`.
+        # Forcing a full re-resolve from a single :all directive would surprise
+        # users with unrelated dependency churn.
+        next unless override.target.is_a?(String)
+
+        name = override.target
+        next if @changed_dependencies.include?(name)
+        next if @originally_locked_specs[name].empty?
+        # version: overrides on direct deps are detected in the per-dep
+        # converge_dependencies loop via apply_override_to + matches_spec?.
+        # Other fields are not visible there, so they always reach here.
+        next if override.field == :version && @dependencies.any? {|d| d.name == name }
+
+        @gems_to_unlock << name
+        @changed_dependencies << name
+      end
+    end
+
     # Remove elements from the locked specs that are expired. This will most
     # commonly happen if the Gemfile has changed since the lockfile was last
     # generated
@@ -1006,26 +1113,43 @@ module Bundler
 
       specs.each do |s|
         name = s.name
+        next if @gems_to_unlock.include?(name)
+
         dep = @dependencies.find {|d| s.satisfies?(d) }
         lockfile_source = s.source
 
         if dep
-          gemfile_source = dep.source || default_source
-
-          deps << dep if !dep.source || lockfile_source.include?(dep.source) || new_deps.include?(dep)
+          replacement_source = dep.source
 
-          # Replace the locked dependency's source with the equivalent source from the Gemfile
-          s.source = gemfile_source
+          deps << dep if !replacement_source || lockfile_source.include?(replacement_source) || new_deps.include?(dep)
         else
-          # Replace the locked dependency's source with the default source, if the locked source is no longer in the Gemfile
-          s.source = default_source unless sources.get(lockfile_source)
+          parent_dep = @dependencies.find do |d|
+            next unless d.source && d.source != lockfile_source
+            next if d.source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec)
+
+            parent_locked_specs = @originally_locked_specs[d.name]
+
+            parent_locked_specs.any? do |parent_spec|
+              parent_spec.runtime_dependencies.any? {|rd| rd.name == s.name }
+            end
+          end
+
+          if parent_dep && parent_dep.source.is_a?(Source::Path) && parent_dep.source.specs[s]&.any?
+            replacement_source = parent_dep.source
+          else
+            replacement_source = sources.get(lockfile_source)
+          end
         end
 
+        # Replace the locked dependency's source with the equivalent source from the Gemfile
+        s.source = replacement_source || default_source
+        next if s.source_changed?
+
         source = s.source
         next if @sources_to_unlock.include?(source.name)
 
         # Path sources have special logic
-        if source.instance_of?(Source::Path) || source.instance_of?(Source::Gemspec) || (source.instance_of?(Source::Git) && !@gems_to_unlock.include?(name) && deps.include?(dep))
+        if source.is_a?(Source::Path)
           new_spec = source.specs[s].first
           if new_spec
             s.runtime_dependencies.replace(new_spec.runtime_dependencies)
@@ -1053,17 +1177,56 @@ module Bundler
       @source_requirements ||= find_source_requirements
     end
 
+    def preload_git_source_worker
+      workers = Bundler.settings.installation_parallelization
+
+      @preload_git_source_worker ||= Bundler::Worker.new(workers, "Git source preloading", ->(source, _) { source.specs })
+    end
+
+    def preload_git_sources
+      if Gem.ruby_version < Gem::Version.new("3.3")
+        # Ruby 3.2 has a bug that incorrectly triggers a circular dependency warning. This version will continue to
+        # fetch git repositories one by one.
+        return
+      end
+
+      begin
+        needed_git_sources.each {|source| preload_git_source_worker.enq(source) }
+      ensure
+        preload_git_source_worker.stop
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Git sources needed for the requested groups (excludes sources only used by --without groups)
+    def needed_git_sources
+      needed_deps = dependencies_for(requested_groups)
+      sources.git_sources.select do |source|
+        needed_deps.any? {|d| d.source == source }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Git sources that should be excluded (only used by --without groups)
+    def excluded_git_sources
+      sources.git_sources - needed_git_sources
+    end
+
     def find_source_requirements
+      preload_git_sources
+
+      # Only safe to exclude when locked_requirements (merged below) backfills the gap.
+      nothing_changed = nothing_changed?
+      excluded = nothing_changed ? excluded_git_sources : []
+
       # Record the specs available in each gem's source, so that those
       # specs will be available later when the resolver knows where to
       # look for that gemspec (or its dependencies)
       source_requirements = if precompute_source_requirements_for_indirect_dependencies?
-        all_requirements = source_map.all_requirements
+        all_requirements = source_map.all_requirements(excluded)
         { default: default_source }.merge(all_requirements)
       else
-        { default: Source::RubygemsAggregate.new(sources, source_map) }.merge(source_map.direct_requirements)
+        { default: Source::RubygemsAggregate.new(sources, source_map, excluded) }.merge(source_map.direct_requirements)
       end
-      source_requirements.merge!(source_map.locked_requirements) if nothing_changed?
+      source_requirements.merge!(source_map.locked_requirements) if nothing_changed
       metadata_dependencies.each do |dep|
         source_requirements[dep.name] = sources.metadata_source
       end
@@ -1104,61 +1267,63 @@ module Bundler
       current == proposed
     end
 
-    def additional_base_requirements_to_prevent_downgrades(resolution_packages)
-      return resolution_packages unless @locked_gems && !sources.expired_sources?(@locked_gems.sources)
+    def additional_base_requirements_to_prevent_downgrades(resolution_base)
+      return resolution_base unless @locked_gems
       @originally_locked_specs.each do |locked_spec|
-        next if locked_spec.source.is_a?(Source::Path)
+        next if locked_spec.source.is_a?(Source::Path) || locked_spec.source_changed?
 
         name = locked_spec.name
         next if @changed_dependencies.include?(name)
 
-        resolution_packages.base_requirements[name] = Gem::Requirement.new(">= #{locked_spec.version}")
+        resolution_base.base_requirements[name] = Gem::Requirement.new(">= #{locked_spec.version}")
       end
-      resolution_packages
+      resolution_base
     end
 
-    def additional_base_requirements_to_force_updates(resolution_packages)
-      return resolution_packages if @explicit_unlocks.empty?
-      full_update = dup_for_full_unlock.resolve
+    def additional_base_requirements_to_force_updates(resolution_base)
+      return resolution_base if @explicit_unlocks.empty?
+      full_update = SpecSet.new(new_resolver_for_full_update.start)
       @explicit_unlocks.each do |name|
         version = full_update.version_for(name)
-        resolution_packages.base_requirements[name] = Gem::Requirement.new("= #{version}") if version
-      end
-      resolution_packages
-    end
-
-    def dup_for_full_unlock
-      unlocked_definition = self.class.new(@lockfile, @dependencies, @sources, true, @ruby_version, @optional_groups, @gemfiles)
-      unlocked_definition.source_requirements = source_requirements
-      unlocked_definition.gem_version_promoter.tap do |gvp|
-        gvp.level = gem_version_promoter.level
-        gvp.strict = gem_version_promoter.strict
-        gvp.pre = gem_version_promoter.pre
+        resolution_base.base_requirements[name] = Gem::Requirement.new("= #{version}") if version
       end
-      unlocked_definition
+      resolution_base
     end
 
     def remove_invalid_platforms!
       return if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
 
-      platforms.reverse_each do |platform|
-        next if local_platform == platform ||
-                @new_platforms.include?(platform) ||
-                @path_changes ||
-                @dependency_changes ||
-                @locked_spec_with_invalid_deps ||
-                !spec_set_incomplete_for_platform?(@originally_locked_specs, platform)
+      skips = (@new_platforms + [Bundler.local_platform]).uniq
 
-        remove_platform(platform)
-      end
-    end
+      # We should probably avoid removing non-ruby platforms, since that means
+      # lockfile will no longer install on those platforms, so a error to give
+      # heads up to the user may be better. However, we have tests expecting
+      # non ruby platform autoremoval to work, so leaving that in place for
+      # now.
+      skips |= platforms - [Gem::Platform::RUBY] if @dependency_changes
 
-    def spec_set_incomplete_for_platform?(spec_set, platform)
-      spec_set.incomplete_for_platform?(current_dependencies, platform)
+      @originally_invalid_platforms = @originally_locked_specs.remove_invalid_platforms!(current_dependencies, platforms, skips: skips)
     end
 
     def source_map
       @source_map ||= SourceMap.new(sources, dependencies, @locked_specs)
     end
+
+    def new_resolver_for_full_update
+      new_resolver(unlocked_resolution_base)
+    end
+
+    def unlocked_resolution_base
+      new_resolution_base(last_resolve: SpecSet.new([]), unlock: true)
+    end
+
+    def new_resolution_base(last_resolve:, unlock:)
+      new_resolution_platforms = @current_platform_missing ? @new_platforms + [Bundler.local_platform] : @new_platforms
+      Resolver::Base.new(source_requirements, expanded_dependencies, last_resolve, @platforms, locked_specs: @originally_locked_specs, unlock: unlock, prerelease: gem_version_promoter.pre?, prefer_local: @prefer_local, new_platforms: new_resolution_platforms, overrides: @overrides)
+    end
+
+    def new_resolver(base)
+      Resolver.new(base, gem_version_promoter, @most_specific_locked_platform)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/dependency.rb b/lib/bundler/dependency.rb
index e81696ff42..cb9c7a76ea 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/dependency.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/dependency.rb
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ module Bundler
       return RUBY_PLATFORM_ARRAY if force_ruby_platform
       return valid_platforms if platforms.empty?
 
-      valid_platforms.select {|p| expanded_platforms.include?(GemHelpers.generic(p)) }
+      valid_platforms.select {|p| expanded_platforms.include?(Gem::Platform.generic(p)) }
     end
 
     def expanded_platforms
diff --git a/lib/bundler/deployment.rb b/lib/bundler/deployment.rb
index b432ae6ae1..3344449e82 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/deployment.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/deployment.rb
@@ -1,69 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "shared_helpers"
-Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler no longer integrates with " \
+Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "Bundler no longer integrates with " \
   "Capistrano, but Capistrano provides its own integration with " \
   "Bundler via the capistrano-bundler gem. Use it instead."
-
-module Bundler
-  class Deployment
-    def self.define_task(context, task_method = :task, opts = {})
-      if defined?(Capistrano) && context.is_a?(Capistrano::Configuration)
-        context_name = "capistrano"
-        role_default = "{:except => {:no_release => true}}"
-        error_type = ::Capistrano::CommandError
-      else
-        context_name = "vlad"
-        role_default = "[:app]"
-        error_type = ::Rake::CommandFailedError
-      end
-
-      roles = context.fetch(:bundle_roles, false)
-      opts[:roles] = roles if roles
-
-      context.send :namespace, :bundle do
-        send :desc, <<-DESC
-          Install the current Bundler environment. By default, gems will be \
-          installed to the shared/bundle path. Gems in the development and \
-          test group will not be installed. The install command is executed \
-          with the --deployment and --quiet flags. If the bundle cmd cannot \
-          be found then you can override the bundle_cmd variable to specify \
-          which one it should use. The base path to the app is fetched from \
-          the :latest_release variable. Set it for custom deploy layouts.
-
-          You can override any of these defaults by setting the variables shown below.
-
-          N.B. bundle_roles must be defined before you require 'bundler/#{context_name}' \
-          in your deploy.rb file.
-
-            set :bundle_gemfile,  "Gemfile"
-            set :bundle_dir,      File.join(fetch(:shared_path), 'bundle')
-            set :bundle_flags,    "--deployment --quiet"
-            set :bundle_without,  [:development, :test]
-            set :bundle_with,     [:mysql]
-            set :bundle_cmd,      "bundle" # e.g. "/opt/ruby/bin/bundle"
-            set :bundle_roles,    #{role_default} # e.g. [:app, :batch]
-        DESC
-        send task_method, :install, opts do
-          bundle_cmd     = context.fetch(:bundle_cmd, "bundle")
-          bundle_flags   = context.fetch(:bundle_flags, "--deployment --quiet")
-          bundle_dir     = context.fetch(:bundle_dir, File.join(context.fetch(:shared_path), "bundle"))
-          bundle_gemfile = context.fetch(:bundle_gemfile, "Gemfile")
-          bundle_without = [*context.fetch(:bundle_without, [:development, :test])].compact
-          bundle_with    = [*context.fetch(:bundle_with, [])].compact
-          app_path = context.fetch(:latest_release)
-          if app_path.to_s.empty?
-            raise error_type.new("Cannot detect current release path - make sure you have deployed at least once.")
-          end
-          args = ["--gemfile #{File.join(app_path, bundle_gemfile)}"]
-          args << "--path #{bundle_dir}" unless bundle_dir.to_s.empty?
-          args << bundle_flags.to_s
-          args << "--without #{bundle_without.join(" ")}" unless bundle_without.empty?
-          args << "--with #{bundle_with.join(" ")}" unless bundle_with.empty?
-
-          run "cd #{app_path} && #{bundle_cmd} install #{args.join(" ")}"
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/digest.rb b/lib/bundler/digest.rb
index 2c6d971f1b..158803033d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/digest.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/digest.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module Bundler
           end
           a, b, c, d, e = *words
           (16..79).each do |i|
-            w[i] = SHA1_MASK & rotate((w[i - 3] ^ w[i - 8] ^ w[i - 14] ^ w[i - 16]), 1)
+            w[i] = SHA1_MASK & rotate(w[i - 3] ^ w[i - 8] ^ w[i - 14] ^ w[i - 16], 1)
           end
           0.upto(79) do |i|
             case i
diff --git a/lib/bundler/dsl.rb b/lib/bundler/dsl.rb
index b55752663e..6e2638a8be 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/dsl.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/dsl.rb
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ module Bundler
 
     def self.evaluate(gemfile, lockfile, unlock)
       builder = new
+      builder.lockfile(lockfile)
       builder.eval_gemfile(gemfile)
-      builder.to_definition(lockfile, unlock)
+      builder.to_definition(builder.lockfile_path, unlock)
     end
 
     VALID_PLATFORMS = Bundler::CurrentRuby::PLATFORM_MAP.keys.freeze
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ module Bundler
     GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_URL = %r{\Ahttps://github\.com/([A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]+/[A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]+)/pull/(\d+)\z}
     GITLAB_MERGE_REQUEST_URL = %r{\Ahttps://gitlab\.com/([A-Za-z0-9_\-\./]+)/-/merge_requests/(\d+)\z}
 
-    attr_reader :gemspecs, :gemfile
+    attr_reader :gemspecs, :gemfile, :overrides
     attr_accessor :dependencies
 
     def initialize
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ module Bundler
       @gemspecs             = []
       @gemfile              = nil
       @gemfiles             = []
+      @lockfile             = nil
+      @overrides            = []
       add_git_sources
     end
 
@@ -73,11 +76,11 @@ module Bundler
       case specs_by_name_and_version.size
       when 1
         specs = specs_by_name_and_version.values.first
-        spec = specs.find {|s| s.match_platform(Bundler.local_platform) } || specs.first
+        spec = specs.find {|s| s.installable_on_platform?(Bundler.local_platform) } || specs.first
 
         @gemspecs << spec
 
-        path path, "glob" => glob, "name" => spec.name do
+        path path, "glob" => glob, "name" => spec.name, "gemspec" => spec do
           add_dependency spec.name
         end
 
@@ -101,10 +104,23 @@ module Bundler
       add_dependency(name, version, options)
     end
 
+    # For usage in Dsl.evaluate, since lockfile is used as part of the Gemfile.
+    def lockfile_path
+      @lockfile
+    end
+
+    def lockfile(file)
+      @lockfile = file
+    end
+
     def source(source, *args, &blk)
       options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop.dup : {}
       options = normalize_hash(options)
       source = normalize_source(source)
+      cooldown = options["cooldown"]
+      if cooldown && !(cooldown.is_a?(Integer) && cooldown >= 0)
+        raise InvalidOption, "Expected `cooldown` to be a non-negative integer, got #{cooldown.inspect}"
+      end
 
       if options.key?("type")
         options["type"] = options["type"].to_s
@@ -119,9 +135,9 @@ module Bundler
         source_opts = options.merge("uri" => source)
         with_source(@sources.add_plugin_source(options["type"], source_opts), &blk)
       elsif block_given?
-        with_source(@sources.add_rubygems_source("remotes" => source), &blk)
+        with_source(@sources.add_rubygems_source("remotes" => source, "cooldown" => cooldown), &blk)
       else
-        @sources.add_global_rubygems_remote(source)
+        @sources.add_global_rubygems_remote(source, cooldown: cooldown)
       end
     end
 
@@ -141,8 +157,7 @@ module Bundler
     def path(path, options = {}, &blk)
       source_options = normalize_hash(options).merge(
         "path" => Pathname.new(path),
-        "root_path" => gemfile_root,
-        "gemspec" => gemspecs.find {|g| g.name == options["name"] }
+        "root_path" => gemfile_root
       )
 
       source_options["global"] = true unless block_given?
@@ -174,9 +189,32 @@ module Bundler
       with_source(git_source) { yield }
     end
 
+    SUPPORTED_OVERRIDE_FIELDS = [:version, :required_ruby_version, :required_rubygems_version].freeze
+    SUPPORTED_OVERRIDE_SYMBOL_OPERATIONS = [:ignore_upper].freeze
+
+    def override(target, **operations)
+      validate_override_target!(target)
+
+      if target == :all && operations.key?(:version)
+        raise ArgumentError, "`override :all, version:` is not allowed; version requirements are per-gem"
+      end
+
+      operations.each do |field, operation|
+        validate_override_field!(field)
+        validate_override_operation!(operation)
+        validate_override_uniqueness!(target, field)
+      end
+
+      source_location = caller_locations(1, 1)&.first
+      operations.each do |field, operation|
+        @overrides << Override.new(target, field, operation, source_location: source_location)
+      end
+    end
+
     def to_definition(lockfile, unlock)
       check_primary_source_safety
-      Definition.new(lockfile, @dependencies, @sources, unlock, @ruby_version, @optional_groups, @gemfiles)
+      lockfile = @lockfile unless @lockfile.nil?
+      Definition.new(lockfile, @dependencies, @sources, unlock, @ruby_version, @optional_groups, @gemfiles, @overrides)
     end
 
     def group(*args, &blk)
@@ -233,6 +271,39 @@ module Bundler
 
     private
 
+    def validate_override_target!(target)
+      return if target == :all
+      return if target.is_a?(String)
+      raise ArgumentError, "override target must be :all or a gem name string, got #{target.inspect}"
+    end
+
+    def validate_override_field!(field)
+      return if SUPPORTED_OVERRIDE_FIELDS.include?(field)
+      supported = SUPPORTED_OVERRIDE_FIELDS.map {|f| "`#{f}:`" }.join(", ")
+      raise ArgumentError, "unsupported override field `#{field}:`; supported fields: #{supported}"
+    end
+
+    def validate_override_operation!(operation)
+      case operation
+      when String
+        Gem::Requirement.new(operation)
+      when nil
+        # ok
+      when Symbol
+        return if SUPPORTED_OVERRIDE_SYMBOL_OPERATIONS.include?(operation)
+        raise ArgumentError, "unsupported override operation: #{operation.inspect}"
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "override operation must be a String, Symbol, or nil, got #{operation.inspect}"
+      end
+    rescue Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError => e
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid override version requirement #{operation.inspect}: #{e.message}"
+    end
+
+    def validate_override_uniqueness!(target, field)
+      return unless @overrides.any? {|o| o.target == target && o.field == field }
+      raise ArgumentError, "duplicate override for #{target.inspect} `#{field}:`"
+    end
+
     def add_dependency(name, version = nil, options = {})
       options["gemfile"] = @gemfile
       options["source"] ||= @source
@@ -241,28 +312,27 @@ module Bundler
       dep = Dependency.new(name, version, options)
 
       # if there's already a dependency with this name we try to prefer one
-      if current = @dependencies.find {|d| d.name == dep.name }
+      if current = @dependencies.find {|d| d.name == name }
         if current.requirement != dep.requirement
           current_requirement_open = current.requirements_list.include?(">= 0")
 
           gemspec_dep = [dep, current].find(&:gemspec_dev_dep?)
           if gemspec_dep
-            gemfile_dep = [dep, current].find(&:gemfile_dep?)
-
-            if gemfile_dep && !current_requirement_open
-              Bundler.ui.warn "A gemspec development dependency (#{gemspec_dep.name}, #{gemspec_dep.requirement}) is being overridden by a Gemfile dependency (#{gemfile_dep.name}, #{gemfile_dep.requirement}).\n" \
-                              "This behaviour may change in the future. Please remove either of them, or make sure they both have the same requirement\n"
-            elsif gemfile_dep.nil?
-              require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range"
-              require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint"
-              require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union"
-              require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems"
-
-              current_gemspec_range = PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_range(current.requirement)
-              next_gemspec_range = PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_range(dep.requirement)
-
-              if current_gemspec_range.intersects?(next_gemspec_range)
-                dep = Dependency.new(name, current.requirement.as_list + dep.requirement.as_list, options)
+            require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range"
+            require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint"
+            require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union"
+            require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems"
+
+            current_gemspec_range = PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_range(current.requirement)
+            next_gemspec_range = PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_range(dep.requirement)
+
+            if current_gemspec_range.intersects?(next_gemspec_range)
+              dep = Dependency.new(name, current.requirement.as_list + dep.requirement.as_list, options)
+            else
+              gemfile_dep = [dep, current].find(&:gemfile_dep?)
+
+              if gemfile_dep
+                raise GemfileError, "The #{name} dependency has conflicting requirements in Gemfile (#{gemfile_dep.requirement}) and gemspec (#{gemspec_dep.requirement})"
               else
                 raise GemfileError, "Two gemspec development dependencies have conflicting requirements on the same gem: #{dep} and #{current}"
               end
@@ -274,14 +344,14 @@ module Bundler
               if dep.requirements_list.include?(">= 0") && !current_requirement_open
                 update_prompt = ". Gem already added"
               else
-                update_prompt = ". If you want to update the gem version, run `bundle update #{current.name}`"
+                update_prompt = ". If you want to update the gem version, run `bundle update #{name}`"
 
                 update_prompt += ". You may also need to change the version requirement specified in the Gemfile if it's too restrictive." unless current_requirement_open
               end
             end
 
             raise GemfileError, "You cannot specify the same gem twice with different version requirements.\n" \
-                           "You specified: #{current.name} (#{current.requirement}) and #{dep.name} (#{dep.requirement})" \
+                           "You specified: #{name} (#{current.requirement}) and #{name} (#{dep.requirement})" \
                            "#{update_prompt}"
           end
         end
@@ -292,12 +362,12 @@ module Bundler
             @dependencies.delete(current)
           elsif dep.gemspec_dev_dep?
             return
-          elsif current.source != dep.source
+          elsif current.source.to_s != dep.source.to_s
             raise GemfileError, "You cannot specify the same gem twice coming from different sources.\n" \
-                            "You specified that #{dep.name} (#{dep.requirement}) should come from " \
+                            "You specified that #{name} (#{dep.requirement}) should come from " \
                             "#{current.source || "an unspecified source"} and #{dep.source}\n"
           else
-            Bundler.ui.warn "Your Gemfile lists the gem #{current.name} (#{current.requirement}) more than once.\n" \
+            Bundler.ui.warn "Your Gemfile lists the gem #{name} (#{current.requirement}) more than once.\n" \
                             "You should probably keep only one of them.\n" \
                             "Remove any duplicate entries and specify the gem only once.\n" \
                             "While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of one of them later."
@@ -413,7 +483,13 @@ module Bundler
         next if VALID_PLATFORMS.include?(p)
         raise GemfileError, "`#{p}` is not a valid platform. The available options are: #{VALID_PLATFORMS.inspect}"
       end
-      deprecate_legacy_windows_platforms(platforms)
+
+      windows_platforms = platforms.select {|pl| pl.to_s.match?(/mingw|mswin/) }
+      if windows_platforms.any?
+        windows_platforms = windows_platforms.map! {|pl| ":#{pl}" }.join(", ")
+        deprecated_message = "Platform #{windows_platforms} will be removed in the future. Please use platform :windows instead."
+        Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_deprecated! deprecated_message
+      end
 
       # Save sources passed in a key
       if opts.key?("source")
@@ -479,14 +555,10 @@ module Bundler
     def normalize_source(source)
       case source
       when :gemcutter, :rubygems, :rubyforge
-        message =
-          "The source :#{source} is deprecated because HTTP requests are insecure.\n" \
-          "Please change your source to 'https://rubygems.org' if possible, or 'http://rubygems.org' if not."
         removed_message =
           "The source :#{source} is disallowed because HTTP requests are insecure.\n" \
           "Please change your source to 'https://rubygems.org' if possible, or 'http://rubygems.org' if not."
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
-        "http://rubygems.org"
+        Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! removed_message
       when String
         source
       else
@@ -494,16 +566,6 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    def deprecate_legacy_windows_platforms(platforms)
-      windows_platforms = platforms.select {|pl| pl.to_s.match?(/mingw|mswin/) }
-      return if windows_platforms.empty?
-
-      windows_platforms = windows_platforms.map! {|pl| ":#{pl}" }.join(", ")
-      message = "Platform #{windows_platforms} is deprecated. Please use platform :windows instead."
-      removed_message = "Platform #{windows_platforms} has been removed. Please use platform :windows instead."
-      Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
-    end
-
     def check_path_source_safety
       return if @sources.global_path_source.nil?
 
@@ -515,7 +577,7 @@ module Bundler
               "      gem 'rails'\n" \
               "    end\n\n"
 
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, msg.strip)
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! msg.strip
     end
 
     def check_rubygems_source_safety
@@ -523,24 +585,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def multiple_global_source_warning
-      if Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_3_mode?
-        msg = "This Gemfile contains multiple global sources. " \
-          "Each source after the first must include a block to indicate which gems " \
-          "should come from that source"
-        raise GemfileEvalError, msg
-      else
-        message =
-          "Your Gemfile contains multiple global sources. " \
-          "Using `source` more than once without a block is a security risk, and " \
-          "may result in installing unexpected gems. To resolve this warning, use " \
-          "a block to indicate which gems should come from the secondary source."
-        removed_message =
-          "Your Gemfile contains multiple global sources. " \
-          "Using `source` more than once without a block is a security risk, and " \
-          "may result in installing unexpected gems. To resolve this error, use " \
-          "a block to indicate which gems should come from the secondary source."
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, message, removed_message: removed_message
-      end
+      msg = "This Gemfile contains multiple global sources. " \
+        "Each source after the first must include a block to indicate which gems " \
+        "should come from that source"
+      raise GemfileEvalError, msg
     end
 
     class DSLError < GemfileError
diff --git a/lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb b/lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb
index c06684657d..7c7ce107e2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module Bundler
   class EndpointSpecification < Gem::Specification
     include MatchRemoteMetadata
 
-    attr_reader :name, :version, :platform, :checksum
+    attr_reader :name, :version, :platform, :checksum, :created_at
     attr_writer :dependencies
     attr_accessor :remote, :locked_platform
 
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ module Bundler
       unless data
         @required_ruby_version = nil
         @required_rubygems_version = nil
+        @created_at = nil
         return
       end
 
@@ -161,6 +162,15 @@ module Bundler
           @required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(v)
         when "ruby"
           @required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(v)
+        when "created_at"
+          value = v.is_a?(Array) ? v.last : v
+          if value.is_a?(String)
+            @created_at = begin
+              Time.new(value)
+            rescue ArgumentError
+              nil
+            end
+          end
         end
       end
     rescue StandardError => e
diff --git a/lib/bundler/environment_preserver.rb b/lib/bundler/environment_preserver.rb
index 444ab6fd37..bf9478a299 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/environment_preserver.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/environment_preserver.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module Bundler
     BUNDLER_KEYS = %w[
       BUNDLE_BIN_PATH
       BUNDLE_GEMFILE
+      BUNDLE_LOCKFILE
       BUNDLER_VERSION
       BUNDLER_SETUP
       GEM_HOME
diff --git a/lib/bundler/errors.rb b/lib/bundler/errors.rb
index 4d1bface51..dff5d93128 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/errors.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/errors.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ module Bundler
 
   class GemNotFound < BundlerError; status_code(7); end
   class InstallHookError < BundlerError; status_code(8); end
+  class RemovedError < BundlerError; status_code(9); end
   class GemfileNotFound < BundlerError; status_code(10); end
   class GitError < BundlerError; status_code(11); end
   class DeprecatedError < BundlerError; status_code(12); end
@@ -76,11 +77,6 @@ module Bundler
     def mismatch_resolution_instructions
       removable, remote = [@existing, @checksum].partition(&:removable?)
       case removable.size
-      when 0
-        msg = +"Mismatched checksums each have an authoritative source:\n"
-        msg << "  1. #{@existing.sources.reject(&:removable?).map(&:to_s).join(" and ")}\n"
-        msg << "  2. #{@checksum.sources.reject(&:removable?).map(&:to_s).join(" and ")}\n"
-        msg << "You may need to alter your Gemfile sources to resolve this issue.\n"
       when 1
         msg = +"If you trust #{remote.first.sources.first}, to resolve this issue you can:\n"
         msg << removable.first.removal_instructions
@@ -135,7 +131,8 @@ module Bundler
     attr_reader :orig_exception
 
     def initialize(orig_exception, msg)
-      full_message = msg + "\nGem Load Error is: #{orig_exception.message}\n"\
+      full_message = msg + "\nGem Load Error is:
+                      #{orig_exception.full_message(highlight: false)}\n"\
                       "Backtrace for gem load error is:\n"\
                       "#{orig_exception.backtrace.join("\n")}\n"\
                       "Bundler Error Backtrace:\n"
@@ -225,7 +222,9 @@ module Bundler
   class DirectoryRemovalError < BundlerError
     def initialize(orig_exception, msg)
       full_message = "#{msg}.\n" \
-                     "The underlying error was #{orig_exception.class}: #{orig_exception.message}, with backtrace:\n" \
+                     "The underlying error was #{orig_exception.class}:
+                     #{orig_exception.full_message(highlight: false)},
+                     with backtrace:\n" \
                      "  #{orig_exception.backtrace.join("\n  ")}\n\n" \
                      "Bundler Error Backtrace:"
       super(full_message)
@@ -266,14 +265,40 @@ module Bundler
   class InvalidArgumentError < BundlerError; status_code(40); end
 
   class IncorrectLockfileDependencies < BundlerError
-    attr_reader :spec
+    attr_reader :spec, :actual_dependencies, :lockfile_dependencies
 
-    def initialize(spec)
+    def initialize(spec, actual_dependencies = nil, lockfile_dependencies = nil)
       @spec = spec
+      @actual_dependencies = actual_dependencies
+      @lockfile_dependencies = lockfile_dependencies
     end
 
     def message
-      "Bundler found incorrect dependencies in the lockfile for #{spec.full_name}"
+      lines = ["Bundler found incorrect dependencies in the lockfile for #{spec.full_name}", ""]
+
+      if @actual_dependencies && @lockfile_dependencies
+        actual_by_name = @actual_dependencies.each_with_object({}) {|d, h| h[d.name] = d }
+        lockfile_by_name = @lockfile_dependencies.each_with_object({}) {|d, h| h[d.name] = d }
+
+        (actual_by_name.keys | lockfile_by_name.keys).sort.each do |name|
+          actual = actual_by_name[name]
+          lockfile = lockfile_by_name[name]
+          next if actual && lockfile && actual.requirement == lockfile.requirement
+
+          if actual && lockfile
+            lines << "  #{name}: gemspec specifies #{actual.requirement}, lockfile has #{lockfile.requirement}"
+          elsif actual
+            lines << "  #{name}: gemspec specifies #{actual.requirement}, not in lockfile"
+          else
+            lines << "  #{name}: not in gemspec, lockfile has #{lockfile.requirement}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        lines << ""
+      end
+
+      lines << "Please run `bundle install` to regenerate the lockfile."
+      lines.join("\n")
     end
 
     status_code(41)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/feature_flag.rb b/lib/bundler/feature_flag.rb
index b19cf42cc3..dea8abedba 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/feature_flag.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/feature_flag.rb
@@ -2,45 +2,15 @@
 
 module Bundler
   class FeatureFlag
-    def self.settings_flag(flag, &default)
-      unless Bundler::Settings::BOOL_KEYS.include?(flag.to_s)
-        raise "Cannot use `#{flag}` as a settings feature flag since it isn't a bool key"
-      end
-
-      settings_method("#{flag}?", flag, &default)
-    end
-    private_class_method :settings_flag
+    (1..10).each {|v| define_method("bundler_#{v}_mode?") { @major_version >= v } }
 
-    def self.settings_option(key, &default)
-      settings_method(key, key, &default)
+    def removed_major?(target_major_version)
+      @major_version > target_major_version
     end
-    private_class_method :settings_option
 
-    def self.settings_method(name, key, &default)
-      define_method(name) do
-        value = Bundler.settings[key]
-        value = instance_eval(&default) if value.nil?
-        value
-      end
+    def deprecated_major?(target_major_version)
+      @major_version >= target_major_version
     end
-    private_class_method :settings_method
-
-    (1..10).each {|v| define_method("bundler_#{v}_mode?") { @major_version >= v } }
-
-    settings_flag(:allow_offline_install) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:auto_clean_without_path) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:cache_all) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:default_install_uses_path) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:forget_cli_options) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:global_gem_cache) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:lockfile_checksums) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:path_relative_to_cwd) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:plugins) { @bundler_version >= Gem::Version.new("1.14") }
-    settings_flag(:print_only_version_number) { bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:setup_makes_kernel_gem_public) { !bundler_3_mode? }
-    settings_flag(:update_requires_all_flag) { bundler_4_mode? }
-
-    settings_option(:default_cli_command) { bundler_3_mode? ? :cli_help : :install }
 
     def initialize(bundler_version)
       @bundler_version = Gem::Version.create(bundler_version)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/fetcher.rb b/lib/bundler/fetcher.rb
index 9d7e8e1aca..0b6ced6f39 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/fetcher.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/fetcher.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 require_relative "vendored_persistent"
 require_relative "vendored_timeout"
-require "cgi"
 require_relative "vendored_securerandom"
 require "zlib"
 
@@ -73,19 +72,57 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
+    HTTP_ERRORS = (Downloader::HTTP_RETRYABLE_ERRORS + Downloader::HTTP_NON_RETRYABLE_ERRORS).freeze
+    deprecate_constant :HTTP_ERRORS
+
+    NET_ERRORS = [
+      :HTTPBadGateway,
+      :HTTPBadRequest,
+      :HTTPFailedDependency,
+      :HTTPForbidden,
+      :HTTPInsufficientStorage,
+      :HTTPMethodNotAllowed,
+      :HTTPMovedPermanently,
+      :HTTPNoContent,
+      :HTTPNotFound,
+      :HTTPNotImplemented,
+      :HTTPPreconditionFailed,
+      :HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge,
+      :HTTPRequestURITooLong,
+      :HTTPUnauthorized,
+      :HTTPUnprocessableEntity,
+      :HTTPUnsupportedMediaType,
+      :HTTPVersionNotSupported,
+    ].freeze
+    deprecate_constant :NET_ERRORS
+
     # Exceptions classes that should bypass retry attempts. If your password didn't work the
     # first time, it's not going to the third time.
-    NET_ERRORS = [:HTTPBadGateway, :HTTPBadRequest, :HTTPFailedDependency,
-                  :HTTPForbidden, :HTTPInsufficientStorage, :HTTPMethodNotAllowed,
-                  :HTTPMovedPermanently, :HTTPNoContent, :HTTPNotFound,
-                  :HTTPNotImplemented, :HTTPPreconditionFailed, :HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge,
-                  :HTTPRequestURITooLong, :HTTPUnauthorized, :HTTPUnprocessableEntity,
-                  :HTTPUnsupportedMediaType, :HTTPVersionNotSupported].freeze
-    FAIL_ERRORS = begin
-      fail_errors = [AuthenticationRequiredError, BadAuthenticationError, AuthenticationForbiddenError, FallbackError, SecurityError]
-      fail_errors << Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError
-      fail_errors.concat(NET_ERRORS.map {|e| Gem::Net.const_get(e) })
-    end.freeze
+    FAIL_ERRORS = [
+      AuthenticationRequiredError,
+      BadAuthenticationError,
+      AuthenticationForbiddenError,
+      FallbackError,
+      SecurityError,
+      Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPBadGateway,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPBadRequest,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPFailedDependency,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPForbidden,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPInsufficientStorage,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPMethodNotAllowed,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPMovedPermanently,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPNoContent,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPNotFound,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPNotImplemented,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPPreconditionFailed,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPRequestURITooLong,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPUnauthorized,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPUnprocessableEntity,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPUnsupportedMediaType,
+      Gem::Net::HTTPVersionNotSupported,
+    ].freeze
 
     class << self
       attr_accessor :disable_endpoint, :api_timeout, :redirect_limit, :max_retries
@@ -294,13 +331,6 @@ module Bundler
       paths.find {|path| File.file? path }
     end
 
-    HTTP_ERRORS = [
-      Gem::Timeout::Error, EOFError, SocketError, Errno::ENETDOWN, Errno::ENETUNREACH,
-      Errno::EINVAL, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Errno::EAGAIN,
-      Gem::Net::HTTPBadResponse, Gem::Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, Gem::Net::ProtocolError,
-      Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent::Error, Zlib::BufError, Errno::EHOSTUNREACH
-    ].freeze
-
     def bundler_cert_store
       store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
       ssl_ca_cert = Bundler.settings[:ssl_ca_cert] ||
diff --git a/lib/bundler/fetcher/compact_index.rb b/lib/bundler/fetcher/compact_index.rb
index 6c82d57011..52168111fe 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/fetcher/compact_index.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/fetcher/compact_index.rb
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ module Bundler
         def call(path, headers)
           fetcher.downloader.fetch(fetcher.fetch_uri + path, headers)
         rescue NetworkDownError => e
-          raise unless Bundler.feature_flag.allow_offline_install? && headers["If-None-Match"]
+          raise unless headers["If-None-Match"]
           ui.warn "Using the cached data for the new index because of a network error: #{e}"
           Gem::Net::HTTPNotModified.new(nil, nil, nil)
         end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/fetcher/dependency.rb b/lib/bundler/fetcher/dependency.rb
index 0b807c9a4b..4f2414e33d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/fetcher/dependency.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/fetcher/dependency.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "base"
-require "cgi"
+require "cgi/escape"
+require "cgi/util" unless defined?(CGI::EscapeExt)
 
 module Bundler
   class Fetcher
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       def unmarshalled_dep_gems(gem_names)
         gem_list = []
-        gem_names.each_slice(Source::Rubygems::API_REQUEST_SIZE) do |names|
+        gem_names.each_slice(api_request_size) do |names|
           marshalled_deps = downloader.fetch(dependency_api_uri(names)).body
           gem_list.concat(Bundler.safe_load_marshal(marshalled_deps))
         end
@@ -73,6 +74,12 @@ module Bundler
         uri.query = "gems=#{CGI.escape(gem_names.sort.join(","))}" if gem_names.any?
         uri
       end
+
+      private
+
+      def api_request_size
+        Bundler.settings[:api_request_size]&.to_i || Source::Rubygems::API_REQUEST_SIZE
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/fetcher/downloader.rb b/lib/bundler/fetcher/downloader.rb
index 868b39b959..179eed8340 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/fetcher/downloader.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/fetcher/downloader.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,28 @@
 module Bundler
   class Fetcher
     class Downloader
+      HTTP_NON_RETRYABLE_ERRORS = [
+        SocketError,
+        Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL,
+        Errno::ENETDOWN,
+        Errno::ENETUNREACH,
+        Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent::Error,
+        Errno::EHOSTUNREACH,
+      ].freeze
+
+      HTTP_RETRYABLE_ERRORS = [
+        Gem::Timeout::Error,
+        EOFError,
+        Errno::EINVAL,
+        Errno::ECONNRESET,
+        Errno::ETIMEDOUT,
+        Errno::EAGAIN,
+        Gem::Net::HTTPBadResponse,
+        Gem::Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError,
+        Gem::Net::ProtocolError,
+        Zlib::BufError,
+      ].freeze
+
       attr_reader :connection
       attr_reader :redirect_limit
 
@@ -32,7 +54,6 @@ module Bundler
         when Gem::Net::HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
           new_headers = headers.dup
           new_headers.delete("Range")
-          new_headers["Accept-Encoding"] = "gzip"
           fetch(uri, new_headers)
         when Gem::Net::HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge
           raise FallbackError, response.body
@@ -67,15 +88,19 @@ module Bundler
         connection.request(uri, req)
       rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError
         raise CertificateFailureError.new(uri)
-      rescue *HTTP_ERRORS => e
+      rescue *HTTP_NON_RETRYABLE_ERRORS => e
         Bundler.ui.trace e
-        if e.is_a?(SocketError) || e.message.to_s.include?("host down:")
-          raise NetworkDownError, "Could not reach host #{uri.host}. Check your network " \
-            "connection and try again."
-        else
-          raise HTTPError, "Network error while fetching #{filtered_uri}" \
+
+        host = uri.host
+        host_port = "#{host}:#{uri.port}"
+        host = host_port if filtered_uri.to_s.include?(host_port)
+        raise NetworkDownError, "Could not reach host #{host}. Check your network " \
+          "connection and try again."
+      rescue *HTTP_RETRYABLE_ERRORS => e
+        Bundler.ui.trace e
+
+        raise HTTPError, "Network error while fetching #{filtered_uri}" \
             " (#{e})"
-        end
       end
 
       private
diff --git a/lib/bundler/fetcher/gem_remote_fetcher.rb b/lib/bundler/fetcher/gem_remote_fetcher.rb
index 3fc7b68263..3159e05688 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/fetcher/gem_remote_fetcher.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/fetcher/gem_remote_fetcher.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ require "rubygems/remote_fetcher"
 module Bundler
   class Fetcher
     class GemRemoteFetcher < Gem::RemoteFetcher
+      def initialize(*)
+        super
+
+        @pool_size = Bundler.settings.installation_parallelization
+      end
+
       def request(*args)
         super do |req|
           req.delete("User-Agent") if headers["User-Agent"]
diff --git a/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb b/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb
index e61ed64450..5e8eaee6bb 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ module Bundler
         First, try this link to see if there are any existing issue reports for this error:
         #{issues_url(e)}
 
-        If there aren't any reports for this error yet, please fill in the new issue form located at #{new_issue_url}, and copy and paste the report template above in there.
+        If there aren't any reports for this error yet, please fill in the new issue form located at #{new_issue_url}. Make sure to copy and paste the full output of this command under the "What happened instead?" section.
       EOS
     end
 
@@ -102,13 +102,14 @@ module Bundler
     def issues_url(exception)
       message = exception.message.lines.first.tr(":", " ").chomp
       message = message.split("-").first if exception.is_a?(Errno)
-      require "cgi"
-      "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/search?q=" \
+      require "cgi/escape"
+      require "cgi/util" unless defined?(CGI::EscapeExt)
+      "https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/search?q=" \
         "#{CGI.escape(message)}&type=Issues"
     end
 
     def new_issue_url
-      "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md"
+      "https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md"
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/gem_helpers.rb b/lib/bundler/gem_helpers.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ad12bf89a4..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/gem_helpers.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Bundler
-  module GemHelpers
-    GENERIC_CACHE = { Gem::Platform::RUBY => Gem::Platform::RUBY } # rubocop:disable Style/MutableConstant
-    GENERICS = [
-      Gem::Platform::JAVA,
-      *Gem::Platform::WINDOWS,
-    ].freeze
-
-    def generic(p)
-      GENERIC_CACHE[p] ||= begin
-        found = GENERICS.find do |match|
-          p === match
-        end
-        found || Gem::Platform::RUBY
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :generic
-
-    def generic_local_platform
-      generic(local_platform)
-    end
-    module_function :generic_local_platform
-
-    def local_platform
-      Bundler.local_platform
-    end
-    module_function :local_platform
-
-    def generic_local_platform_is_ruby?
-      generic_local_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
-    end
-    module_function :generic_local_platform_is_ruby?
-
-    def platform_specificity_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
-      spec_platform = Gem::Platform.new(spec_platform)
-
-      PlatformMatch.specificity_score(spec_platform, user_platform)
-    end
-    module_function :platform_specificity_match
-
-    def select_all_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: false, prefer_locked: false)
-      matching = if force_ruby
-        specs.select {|spec| spec.match_platform(Gem::Platform::RUBY) && spec.force_ruby_platform! }
-      else
-        specs.select {|spec| spec.match_platform(platform) }
-      end
-
-      if prefer_locked
-        locked_originally = matching.select {|spec| spec.is_a?(LazySpecification) }
-        return locked_originally if locked_originally.any?
-      end
-
-      matching
-    end
-    module_function :select_all_platform_match
-
-    def select_best_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: false, prefer_locked: false)
-      matching = select_all_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: force_ruby, prefer_locked: prefer_locked)
-
-      sort_and_filter_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
-    end
-    module_function :select_best_platform_match
-
-    def select_best_local_platform_match(specs, force_ruby: false)
-      matching = select_all_platform_match(specs, local_platform, force_ruby: force_ruby).filter_map(&:materialized_for_installation)
-
-      sort_best_platform_match(matching, local_platform)
-    end
-    module_function :select_best_local_platform_match
-
-    def sort_and_filter_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
-      return matching if matching.one?
-
-      exact = matching.select {|spec| spec.platform == platform }
-      return exact if exact.any?
-
-      sorted_matching = sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
-      exemplary_spec = sorted_matching.first
-
-      sorted_matching.take_while {|spec| same_specificity(platform, spec, exemplary_spec) && same_deps(spec, exemplary_spec) }
-    end
-    module_function :sort_and_filter_best_platform_match
-
-    def sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
-      matching.sort_by {|spec| platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform) }
-    end
-    module_function :sort_best_platform_match
-
-    class PlatformMatch
-      def self.specificity_score(spec_platform, user_platform)
-        return -1 if spec_platform == user_platform
-        return 1_000_000 if spec_platform.nil? || spec_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY || user_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
-
-        os_match(spec_platform, user_platform) +
-          cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 10 +
-          platform_version_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 100
-      end
-
-      def self.os_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
-        if spec_platform.os == user_platform.os
-          0
-        else
-          1
-        end
-      end
-
-      def self.cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
-        if spec_platform.cpu == user_platform.cpu
-          0
-        elsif spec_platform.cpu == "arm" && user_platform.cpu.to_s.start_with?("arm")
-          0
-        elsif spec_platform.cpu.nil? || spec_platform.cpu == "universal"
-          1
-        else
-          2
-        end
-      end
-
-      def self.platform_version_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
-        if spec_platform.version == user_platform.version
-          0
-        elsif spec_platform.version.nil?
-          1
-        else
-          2
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def same_specificity(platform, spec, exemplary_spec)
-      platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform) == platform_specificity_match(exemplary_spec.platform, platform)
-    end
-    module_function :same_specificity
-
-    def same_deps(spec, exemplary_spec)
-      same_runtime_deps = spec.dependencies.sort == exemplary_spec.dependencies.sort
-      same_metadata_deps = spec.required_ruby_version == exemplary_spec.required_ruby_version && spec.required_rubygems_version == exemplary_spec.required_rubygems_version
-      same_runtime_deps && same_metadata_deps
-    end
-    module_function :same_deps
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/graph.rb b/lib/bundler/graph.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b22b17a453..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/graph.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "set"
-module Bundler
-  class Graph
-    GRAPH_NAME = :Gemfile
-
-    def initialize(env, output_file, show_version = false, show_requirements = false, output_format = "png", without = [])
-      @env               = env
-      @output_file       = output_file
-      @show_version      = show_version
-      @show_requirements = show_requirements
-      @output_format     = output_format
-      @without_groups    = without.map(&:to_sym)
-
-      @groups            = []
-      @relations         = Hash.new {|h, k| h[k] = Set.new }
-      @node_options      = {}
-      @edge_options      = {}
-
-      _populate_relations
-    end
-
-    attr_reader :groups, :relations, :node_options, :edge_options, :output_file, :output_format
-
-    def viz
-      GraphVizClient.new(self).run
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def _populate_relations
-      parent_dependencies = _groups.values.to_set.flatten
-      loop do
-        break if parent_dependencies.empty?
-
-        tmp = Set.new
-        parent_dependencies.each do |dependency|
-          child_dependencies = spec_for_dependency(dependency).runtime_dependencies.to_set
-          @relations[dependency.name] += child_dependencies.map(&:name).to_set
-          tmp += child_dependencies
-
-          @node_options[dependency.name] = _make_label(dependency, :node)
-          child_dependencies.each do |c_dependency|
-            @edge_options["#{dependency.name}_#{c_dependency.name}"] = _make_label(c_dependency, :edge)
-          end
-        end
-        parent_dependencies = tmp
-      end
-    end
-
-    def _groups
-      relations = Hash.new {|h, k| h[k] = Set.new }
-      @env.current_dependencies.each do |dependency|
-        dependency.groups.each do |group|
-          next if @without_groups.include?(group)
-
-          relations[group.to_s].add(dependency)
-          @relations[group.to_s].add(dependency.name)
-
-          @node_options[group.to_s] ||= _make_label(group, :node)
-          @edge_options["#{group}_#{dependency.name}"] = _make_label(dependency, :edge)
-        end
-      end
-      @groups = relations.keys
-      relations
-    end
-
-    def _make_label(symbol_or_string_or_dependency, element_type)
-      case element_type.to_sym
-      when :node
-        if symbol_or_string_or_dependency.is_a?(Gem::Dependency)
-          label = symbol_or_string_or_dependency.name.dup
-          label << "\n#{spec_for_dependency(symbol_or_string_or_dependency).version}" if @show_version
-        else
-          label = symbol_or_string_or_dependency.to_s
-        end
-      when :edge
-        label = nil
-        if symbol_or_string_or_dependency.respond_to?(:requirements_list) && @show_requirements
-          tmp = symbol_or_string_or_dependency.requirements_list.join(", ")
-          label = tmp if tmp != ">= 0"
-        end
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "2nd argument is invalid"
-      end
-      label.nil? ? {} : { label: label }
-    end
-
-    def spec_for_dependency(dependency)
-      @env.requested_specs.find {|s| s.name == dependency.name }
-    end
-
-    class GraphVizClient
-      def initialize(graph_instance)
-        @graph_name    = graph_instance.class::GRAPH_NAME
-        @groups        = graph_instance.groups
-        @relations     = graph_instance.relations
-        @node_options  = graph_instance.node_options
-        @edge_options  = graph_instance.edge_options
-        @output_file   = graph_instance.output_file
-        @output_format = graph_instance.output_format
-      end
-
-      def g
-        @g ||= ::GraphViz.digraph(@graph_name, concentrate: true, normalize: true, nodesep: 0.55) do |g|
-          g.edge[:weight]   = 2
-          g.edge[:fontname] = g.node[:fontname] = "Arial, Helvetica, SansSerif"
-          g.edge[:fontsize] = 12
-        end
-      end
-
-      def run
-        @groups.each do |group|
-          g.add_nodes(
-            group, {
-              style: "filled",
-              fillcolor: "#B9B9D5",
-              shape: "box3d",
-              fontsize: 16,
-            }.merge(@node_options[group])
-          )
-        end
-
-        @relations.each do |parent, children|
-          children.each do |child|
-            if @groups.include?(parent)
-              g.add_nodes(child, { style: "filled", fillcolor: "#B9B9D5" }.merge(@node_options[child]))
-              g.add_edges(parent, child, { constraint: false }.merge(@edge_options["#{parent}_#{child}"]))
-            else
-              g.add_nodes(child, @node_options[child])
-              g.add_edges(parent, child, @edge_options["#{parent}_#{child}"])
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        if @output_format.to_s == "debug"
-          $stdout.puts g.output none: String
-          Bundler.ui.info "debugging bundle viz..."
-        else
-          begin
-            g.output @output_format.to_sym => "#{@output_file}.#{@output_format}"
-            Bundler.ui.info "#{@output_file}.#{@output_format}"
-          rescue ArgumentError => e
-            warn "Unsupported output format. See Ruby-Graphviz/lib/graphviz/constants.rb"
-            raise e
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/index.rb b/lib/bundler/index.rb
index df46facc88..9aef2dfa12 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/index.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/index.rb
@@ -46,13 +46,6 @@ module Bundler
       true
     end
 
-    def search_all(name, &blk)
-      return enum_for(:search_all, name) unless blk
-      specs_by_name(name).each(&blk)
-      @duplicates[name]&.each(&blk)
-      @sources.each {|source| source.search_all(name, &blk) }
-    end
-
     # Search this index's specs, and any source indexes that this index knows
     # about, returning all of the results.
     def search(query)
@@ -131,6 +124,11 @@ module Bundler
       return unless other
       other.each do |spec|
         if existing = find_by_spec(spec)
+          unless dependencies_eql?(existing, spec)
+            Bundler.ui.warn "Local specification for #{spec.full_name} has different dependencies than the remote gem, ignoring it"
+            next
+          end
+
           add_duplicate(existing)
         end
         add spec
@@ -153,8 +151,8 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def dependencies_eql?(spec, other_spec)
-      deps       = spec.dependencies.select {|d| d.type != :development }
-      other_deps = other_spec.dependencies.select {|d| d.type != :development }
+      deps       = spec.runtime_dependencies
+      other_deps = other_spec.runtime_dependencies
       deps.sort == other_deps.sort
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/injector.rb b/lib/bundler/injector.rb
index 21ff90ad13..6aa9179024 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/injector.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/injector.rb
@@ -80,20 +80,19 @@ module Bundler
     def conservative_version(spec)
       version = spec.version
       return ">= 0" if version.nil?
-      segments = version.segments
       seg_end_index = version >= Gem::Version.new("1.0") ? 1 : 2
 
       prerelease_suffix = version.to_s.delete_prefix(version.release.to_s) if version.prerelease?
-      "#{version_prefix}#{segments[0..seg_end_index].join(".")}#{prerelease_suffix}"
+      "#{version_prefix}#{version.segments[0..seg_end_index].join(".")}#{prerelease_suffix}"
     end
 
     def version_prefix
       if @options[:strict]
         "= "
-      elsif @options[:optimistic]
-        ">= "
-      else
+      elsif @options[:pessimistic]
         "~> "
+      else
+        ">= "
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/inline.rb b/lib/bundler/inline.rb
index f2f5b22cd3..a1b8e0475e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/inline.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/inline.rb
@@ -44,14 +44,16 @@ def gemfile(force_latest_compatible = false, options = {}, &gemfile)
   raise ArgumentError, "Unknown options: #{opts.keys.join(", ")}" unless opts.empty?
 
   old_gemfile = ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"]
+  old_lockfile = ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"]
 
   Bundler.unbundle_env!
 
   begin
     Bundler.instance_variable_set(:@bundle_path, Pathname.new(Gem.dir))
     Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_GEMFILE", "Gemfile"
+    Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_LOCKFILE", "Gemfile.lock"
 
-    Bundler::Plugin.gemfile_install(&gemfile) if Bundler.feature_flag.plugins?
+    Bundler::Plugin.gemfile_install(&gemfile) if Bundler.settings[:plugins]
     builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
     builder.instance_eval(&gemfile)
 
@@ -60,14 +62,53 @@ def gemfile(force_latest_compatible = false, options = {}, &gemfile)
       definition.validate_runtime!
 
       if force_latest_compatible || definition.missing_specs?
-        Bundler.settings.temporary(inline: true, no_install: false) do
-          installer = Bundler::Installer.install(Bundler.root, definition, system: true)
-          installer.post_install_messages.each do |name, message|
-            Bundler.ui.info "Post-install message from #{name}:\n#{message}"
+        do_install = -> do
+          Bundler.settings.temporary(inline: true, no_install: false) do
+            installer = Bundler::Installer.install(Bundler.root, definition, system: true)
+            installer.post_install_messages.each do |name, message|
+              Bundler.ui.info "Post-install message from #{name}:\n#{message}"
+            end
           end
         end
+
+        # When possible we do the install in a subprocess because to install
+        # gems we need to require some default gems like `securerandom` etc
+        # which may later conflict with the Gemfile requirements.
+        installed_in_fork = false
+        if Process.respond_to?(:fork)
+          Gem.load_yaml # Avoid NameError on Ruby 3.2's safe_yaml.rb after Gem::Specification.reset
+          _, status = Process.waitpid2(Process.fork do
+                                         $VERBOSE = nil
+                                         do_install.call end)
+          exit(status.exitstatus || status.to_i) unless status.success?
+
+          installed_in_fork = true
+
+          Bundler.reset!
+          Gem::Specification.reset
+          Bundler.instance_variable_set(:@bundle_path, Pathname.new(Gem.dir))
+
+          builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+          builder.instance_eval(&gemfile)
+          builder.check_primary_source_safety
+
+          definition = builder.to_definition(nil, true)
+          definition.validate_runtime!
+        else
+          do_install.call
+        end
       end
 
+      configure_forked_definition = ->(d) do
+        d.sources.rubygems_sources.each(&:remote!)
+        d.sources.git_sources.each do |source|
+          source.cached!
+          source.instance_variable_set(:@copied, true)
+        end
+        def d.lock(*); end
+      end
+      configure_forked_definition.call(definition) if installed_in_fork
+
       begin
         runtime = Bundler::Runtime.new(nil, definition).setup
       rescue Gem::LoadError => e
@@ -82,6 +123,7 @@ def gemfile(force_latest_compatible = false, options = {}, &gemfile)
         builder.dependencies.delete_if {|d| d.name == name }
         builder.instance_eval { gem name, activated_version }
         definition = builder.to_definition(nil, true)
+        configure_forked_definition.call(definition) if installed_in_fork
 
         retry
       end
@@ -94,5 +136,11 @@ def gemfile(force_latest_compatible = false, options = {}, &gemfile)
     else
       ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = ""
     end
+
+    if old_lockfile
+      ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"] = old_lockfile
+    else
+      ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"] = ""
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/installer.rb b/lib/bundler/installer.rb
index 0e91327aab..87d9a75627 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/installer.rb
@@ -7,12 +7,6 @@ require_relative "installer/gem_installer"
 
 module Bundler
   class Installer
-    class << self
-      attr_accessor :ambiguous_gems
-
-      Installer.ambiguous_gems = []
-    end
-
     attr_reader :post_install_messages, :definition
 
     # Begins the installation process for Bundler.
@@ -69,6 +63,11 @@ module Bundler
       Bundler.create_bundle_path
 
       ProcessLock.lock do
+        # Invalidate any stale gem specification cache from before we acquired the lock.
+        # Another process may have installed gems while we were waiting.
+        Gem::Specification.reset
+        @definition.sources.clear_cache
+
         @definition.ensure_equivalent_gemfile_and_lockfile(options[:deployment])
 
         if @definition.dependencies.empty?
@@ -195,25 +194,17 @@ module Bundler
       standalone = options[:standalone]
       force = options[:force]
       local = options[:local] || options[:"prefer-local"]
-      jobs = installation_parallelization
+      jobs = Bundler.settings.installation_parallelization
       spec_installations = ParallelInstaller.call(self, @definition.specs, jobs, standalone, force, local: local)
       spec_installations.each do |installation|
         post_install_messages[installation.name] = installation.post_install_message if installation.has_post_install_message?
       end
     end
 
-    def installation_parallelization
-      if jobs = Bundler.settings[:jobs]
-        return jobs
-      end
-
-      Bundler.settings.processor_count
-    end
-
     def load_plugins
       Gem.load_plugins
 
-      requested_path_gems = @definition.requested_specs.select {|s| s.source.is_a?(Source::Path) }
+      requested_path_gems = @definition.specs.select {|s| s.source.is_a?(Source::Path) }
       path_plugin_files = requested_path_gems.flat_map do |spec|
         spec.matches_for_glob("rubygems_plugin#{Bundler.rubygems.suffix_pattern}")
       rescue TypeError
@@ -225,12 +216,13 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def ensure_specs_are_compatible!
+      overrides = @definition.overrides
       @definition.specs.each do |spec|
-        unless spec.matches_current_ruby?
+        unless spec.matches_current_ruby_with_overrides?(overrides)
           raise InstallError, "#{spec.full_name} requires ruby version #{spec.required_ruby_version}, " \
             "which is incompatible with the current version, #{Gem.ruby_version}"
         end
-        unless spec.matches_current_rubygems?
+        unless spec.matches_current_rubygems_with_overrides?(overrides)
           raise InstallError, "#{spec.full_name} requires rubygems version #{spec.required_rubygems_version}, " \
             "which is incompatible with the current version, #{Gem.rubygems_version}"
         end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb b/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb
index 1da91857bd..f3b43c31ee 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ module Bundler
     def install_from_spec
       post_install_message = install
       Bundler.ui.debug "#{worker}:  #{spec.name} (#{spec.version}) from #{spec.loaded_from}"
-      generate_executable_stubs
       [true, post_install_message]
     rescue Bundler::InstallHookError, Bundler::SecurityError, Bundler::APIResponseMismatchError, Bundler::InsecureInstallPathError
       raise
@@ -26,6 +25,20 @@ module Bundler
       [false, specific_failure_message(e)]
     end
 
+    def download
+      spec.source.download(
+        spec,
+        force: force,
+        local: local,
+        build_args: Array(spec_settings),
+        previous_spec: previous_spec,
+      )
+
+      [true, nil]
+    rescue Bundler::BundlerError => e
+      [false, specific_failure_message(e)]
+    end
+
     private
 
     def specific_failure_message(e)
@@ -71,15 +84,5 @@ module Bundler
     def out_of_space_message
       "#{install_error_message}\nYour disk is out of space. Free some space to be able to install your bundle."
     end
-
-    def generate_executable_stubs
-      return if Bundler.feature_flag.forget_cli_options?
-      return if Bundler.settings[:inline]
-      if Bundler.settings[:bin] && standalone
-        installer.generate_standalone_bundler_executable_stubs(spec)
-      elsif Bundler.settings[:bin]
-        installer.generate_bundler_executable_stubs(spec, force: true)
-      end
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb b/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb
index d10e5ec924..fef326ed0a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require_relative "gem_installer"
 module Bundler
   class ParallelInstaller
     class SpecInstallation
-      attr_accessor :spec, :name, :full_name, :post_install_message, :state, :error
+      attr_accessor :spec, :name, :full_name, :post_install_message, :state, :error, :dependencies
       def initialize(spec)
         @spec = spec
         @name = spec.name
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ module Bundler
         state == :enqueued
       end
 
+      def enqueue_with_priority?
+        state == :installable && spec.extensions.any?
+      end
+
       def failed?
         state == :failed
       end
@@ -32,29 +36,21 @@ module Bundler
         state == :none
       end
 
-      def has_post_install_message?
-        !post_install_message.empty?
-      end
-
-      def ignorable_dependency?(dep)
-        dep.type == :development || dep.name == @name
-      end
+      def ready_to_install?(installed_specs)
+        return false unless state == :downloaded
 
-      # Checks installed dependencies against spec's dependencies to make
-      # sure needed dependencies have been installed.
-      def dependencies_installed?(installed_specs)
-        dependencies.all? {|d| installed_specs.include? d.name }
+        spec.extensions.none? || dependencies_installed?(installed_specs)
       end
 
-      # Represents only the non-development dependencies, the ones that are
-      # itself and are in the total list.
-      def dependencies
-        @dependencies ||= all_dependencies.reject {|dep| ignorable_dependency? dep }
+      def has_post_install_message?
+        !post_install_message.empty?
       end
 
-      # Represents all dependencies
-      def all_dependencies
-        @spec.dependencies
+      # Recursively checks that all dependencies (direct and transitive) have been installed.
+      def dependencies_installed?(installed_specs)
+        dependencies.all? do |dep|
+          installed_specs.include?(dep.name) && dep.dependencies_installed?(installed_specs)
+        end
       end
 
       def to_s
@@ -75,6 +71,12 @@ module Bundler
       @force = force
       @local = local
       @specs = all_specs.map {|s| SpecInstallation.new(s) }
+      specs_by_name = @specs.to_h {|s| [s.name, s] }
+      @specs.each do |spec_install|
+        spec_install.dependencies = spec_install.spec.dependencies.filter_map do |dep|
+          specs_by_name[dep.name] unless dep.type == :development || dep.name == spec_install.name
+        end
+      end
       @specs.each do |spec_install|
         spec_install.state = :installed if skip.include?(spec_install.name)
       end if skip
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     def call
       if @rake
+        do_download(@rake, 0)
         do_install(@rake, 0)
         Gem::Specification.reset
       end
@@ -107,26 +110,54 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def install_with_worker
-      enqueue_specs
-      process_specs until finished_installing?
+      installed_specs = {}
+      enqueue_specs(installed_specs)
+
+      process_specs(installed_specs) until finished_installing?
     end
 
     def install_serially
       until finished_installing?
         raise "failed to find a spec to enqueue while installing serially" unless spec_install = @specs.find(&:ready_to_enqueue?)
         spec_install.state = :enqueued
+        do_download(spec_install, 0)
         do_install(spec_install, 0)
       end
     end
 
     def worker_pool
       @worker_pool ||= Bundler::Worker.new @size, "Parallel Installer", lambda {|spec_install, worker_num|
-        do_install(spec_install, worker_num)
+        case spec_install.state
+        when :enqueued
+          do_download(spec_install, worker_num)
+        when :installable
+          do_install(spec_install, worker_num)
+        else
+          spec_install
+        end
       }
     end
 
-    def do_install(spec_install, worker_num)
+    def do_download(spec_install, worker_num)
       Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GEM_BEFORE_INSTALL, spec_install)
+
+      gem_installer = Bundler::GemInstaller.new(
+        spec_install.spec, @installer, @standalone, worker_num, @force, @local
+      )
+
+      success, message = gem_installer.download
+
+      if success
+        spec_install.state = :downloaded
+      else
+        spec_install.error = "#{message}\n\n#{require_tree_for_spec(spec_install.spec)}"
+        spec_install.state = :failed
+      end
+
+      spec_install
+    end
+
+    def do_install(spec_install, worker_num)
       gem_installer = Bundler::GemInstaller.new(
         spec_install.spec, @installer, @standalone, worker_num, @force, @local
       )
@@ -147,9 +178,19 @@ module Bundler
     # Some specs might've had to wait til this spec was installed to be
     # processed so the call to `enqueue_specs` is important after every
     # dequeue.
-    def process_specs
-      worker_pool.deq
-      enqueue_specs
+    def process_specs(installed_specs)
+      spec = worker_pool.deq
+
+      if spec.installed?
+        installed_specs[spec.name] = true
+        return
+      elsif spec.failed?
+        return
+      elsif spec.ready_to_install?(installed_specs)
+        spec.state = :installable
+      end
+
+      worker_pool.enq(spec, priority: spec.enqueue_with_priority?)
     end
 
     def finished_installing?
@@ -185,18 +226,15 @@ module Bundler
     # Later we call this lambda again to install specs that depended on
     # previously installed specifications. We continue until all specs
     # are installed.
-    def enqueue_specs
-      installed_specs = {}
+    def enqueue_specs(installed_specs)
       @specs.each do |spec|
-        next unless spec.installed?
-        installed_specs[spec.name] = true
-      end
-
-      @specs.each do |spec|
-        if spec.ready_to_enqueue? && spec.dependencies_installed?(installed_specs)
-          spec.state = :enqueued
-          worker_pool.enq spec
+        if spec.installed?
+          installed_specs[spec.name] = true
+          next
         end
+
+        spec.state = :enqueued
+        worker_pool.enq spec
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/lazy_specification.rb b/lib/bundler/lazy_specification.rb
index 5df0cce6f3..0da621d21f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/lazy_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/lazy_specification.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ module Bundler
     include ForcePlatform
 
     attr_reader :name, :version, :platform, :materialization
-    attr_accessor :source, :remote, :force_ruby_platform, :dependencies, :required_ruby_version, :required_rubygems_version
+    attr_accessor :source, :remote, :force_ruby_platform, :dependencies, :required_ruby_version, :required_rubygems_version, :overrides
 
     #
     # For backwards compatibility with existing lockfiles, if the most specific
@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ module Bundler
       lazy_spec.dependencies = s.runtime_dependencies
       lazy_spec.required_ruby_version = s.required_ruby_version
       lazy_spec.required_rubygems_version = s.required_rubygems_version
+      lazy_spec.overrides = s.overrides if s.is_a?(LazySpecification)
       lazy_spec
     end
 
-    def initialize(name, version, platform, source = nil)
+    def initialize(name, version, platform, source = nil, **materialization_options)
       @name          = name
       @version       = version
       @dependencies  = []
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       @original_source = source
       @source = source
+      @materialization_options = materialization_options
 
       @force_ruby_platform = default_force_ruby_platform
       @most_specific_locked_platform = nil
@@ -137,24 +139,16 @@ module Bundler
       source.local!
 
       if use_exact_resolved_specifications?
-        materialize(self) do |matching_specs|
-          choose_compatible(matching_specs)
-        end
-      else
-        materialize([name, version]) do |matching_specs|
-          target_platform = source.is_a?(Source::Path) ? platform : local_platform
-
-          installable_candidates = GemHelpers.select_best_platform_match(matching_specs, target_platform)
-
-          specification = choose_compatible(installable_candidates, fallback_to_non_installable: false)
-          return specification unless specification.nil?
+        spec = materialize(self) {|specs| choose_compatible(specs, fallback_to_non_installable: false) }
+        return spec if spec
 
-          if target_platform != platform
-            installable_candidates = GemHelpers.select_best_platform_match(matching_specs, platform)
-          end
-
-          choose_compatible(installable_candidates)
+        # Exact spec is incompatible; in frozen mode, try to find a compatible platform variant
+        # In non-frozen mode, return nil to trigger re-resolution and lockfile update
+        if Bundler.frozen_bundle?
+          materialize([name, version]) {|specs| resolve_best_platform(specs) }
         end
+      else
+        materialize([name, version]) {|specs| resolve_best_platform(specs) }
       end
     end
 
@@ -175,14 +169,55 @@ module Bundler
       @force_ruby_platform = true
     end
 
+    def replace_source_with!(gemfile_source)
+      return unless gemfile_source.can_lock?(self)
+
+      @source = gemfile_source
+
+      true
+    end
+
     private
 
     def use_exact_resolved_specifications?
       !source.is_a?(Source::Path) && ruby_platform_materializes_to_ruby_platform?
     end
 
+    # Try platforms in order of preference until finding a compatible spec.
+    # Used for legacy lockfiles and as a fallback when the exact locked spec
+    # is incompatible. Falls back to frozen bundle behavior if none match.
+    def resolve_best_platform(specs)
+      find_compatible_platform_spec(specs) || frozen_bundle_fallback(specs)
+    end
+
+    def find_compatible_platform_spec(specs)
+      candidate_platforms.each do |plat|
+        candidates = MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(specs, plat)
+        spec = choose_compatible(candidates, fallback_to_non_installable: false)
+        return spec if spec
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Platforms to try in order of preference. Ruby platform is last since it
+    # requires compilation, but works when precompiled gems are incompatible.
+    def candidate_platforms
+      target = source.is_a?(Source::Path) ? platform : Bundler.local_platform
+      [target, platform, Gem::Platform::RUBY].uniq
+    end
+
+    # In frozen mode, accept any candidate. Will error at install time.
+    # When target differs from locked platform, prefer locked platform's candidates
+    # to preserve lockfile integrity.
+    def frozen_bundle_fallback(specs)
+      target = source.is_a?(Source::Path) ? platform : Bundler.local_platform
+      fallback_platform = target == platform ? target : platform
+      candidates = MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(specs, fallback_platform)
+      choose_compatible(candidates)
+    end
+
     def ruby_platform_materializes_to_ruby_platform?
-      generic_platform = generic_local_platform == Gem::Platform::JAVA ? Gem::Platform::JAVA : Gem::Platform::RUBY
+      generic_platform = Bundler.generic_local_platform == Gem::Platform::JAVA ? Gem::Platform::JAVA : Gem::Platform::RUBY
 
       (most_specific_locked_platform != generic_platform) || force_ruby_platform || Bundler.settings[:force_ruby_platform]
     end
@@ -196,31 +231,42 @@ module Bundler
 
     # If in frozen mode, we fallback to a non-installable candidate because by
     # doing this we avoid re-resolving and potentially end up changing the
-    # lock file, which is not allowed. In that case, we will give a proper error
+    # lockfile, which is not allowed. In that case, we will give a proper error
     # about the mismatch higher up the stack, right before trying to install the
     # bad gem.
     def choose_compatible(candidates, fallback_to_non_installable: Bundler.frozen_bundle?)
+      override_list = overrides || []
       search = candidates.reverse.find do |spec|
-        spec.is_a?(StubSpecification) || spec.matches_current_metadata?
+        spec.is_a?(StubSpecification) || spec.matches_current_metadata_with_overrides?(override_list)
       end
       if search.nil? && fallback_to_non_installable
         search = candidates.last
-      elsif search && search.full_name == full_name
-        # We don't validate locally installed dependencies but accept what's in
-        # the lockfile instead for performance, since loading locally installed
-        # dependencies would mean evaluating all gemspecs, which would affect
-        # `bundler/setup` performance
-        if search.is_a?(StubSpecification)
-          search.dependencies = dependencies
-        else
-          if !source.is_a?(Source::Path) && search.runtime_dependencies.sort != dependencies.sort
-            raise IncorrectLockfileDependencies.new(self)
-          end
-
-          search.locked_platform = platform if search.instance_of?(RemoteSpecification) || search.instance_of?(EndpointSpecification)
-        end
+      end
+
+      if search
+        validate_dependencies(search) if search.platform == platform
+
+        search.locked_platform = platform if search.instance_of?(RemoteSpecification) || search.instance_of?(EndpointSpecification)
       end
       search
     end
+
+    # Validate dependencies of this locked spec are consistent with dependencies
+    # of the actual spec that was materialized.
+    #
+    # Note that unless we are in strict mode (which we set during installation)
+    # we don't validate dependencies of locally installed gems but
+    # accept what's in the lockfile instead for performance, since loading
+    # dependencies of locally installed gems would mean evaluating all gemspecs,
+    # which would affect `bundler/setup` performance.
+    def validate_dependencies(spec)
+      if !@materialization_options[:strict] && spec.is_a?(StubSpecification)
+        spec.dependencies = dependencies
+      else
+        if !source.is_a?(Source::Path) && spec.runtime_dependencies.sort != dependencies.sort
+          raise IncorrectLockfileDependencies.new(self, spec.runtime_dependencies, dependencies)
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/lockfile_generator.rb b/lib/bundler/lockfile_generator.rb
index 904552fa0c..2a3ad22480 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/lockfile_generator.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/lockfile_generator.rb
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ module Bundler
       checksums = definition.resolve.map do |spec|
         spec.source.checksum_store.to_lock(spec)
       end
-      add_section("CHECKSUMS", checksums)
+
+      add_section("CHECKSUMS", checksums + bundler_checksum)
     end
 
     def add_locked_ruby_version
@@ -95,10 +96,24 @@ module Bundler
           out << "  #{key}: #{val}\n"
         end
       when String
-        out << "   #{value}\n"
+        out << "  #{value}\n"
       else
         raise ArgumentError, "#{value.inspect} can't be serialized in a lockfile"
       end
     end
+
+    def bundler_checksum
+      return [] if Bundler.gem_version.to_s.end_with?(".dev") || ENV["SKIP_BUNDLER_CHECKSUM"]
+
+      bundler_spec = definition.sources.metadata_source.specs.search(["bundler", Bundler.gem_version]).last
+      return [] unless File.exist?(bundler_spec.cache_file)
+
+      require "rubygems/package"
+
+      package = Gem::Package.new(bundler_spec.cache_file)
+      definition.sources.metadata_source.checksum_store.register(bundler_spec, Checksum.from_gem_package(package))
+
+      [definition.sources.metadata_source.checksum_store.to_lock(bundler_spec)]
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/lockfile_parser.rb b/lib/bundler/lockfile_parser.rb
index a0f75bae1f..852fc631f3 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/lockfile_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/lockfile_parser.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require_relative "shared_helpers"
+
 module Bundler
   class LockfileParser
-    include GemHelpers
-
     class Position
       attr_reader :line, :column
       def initialize(line, column)
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     attr_reader(
       :sources,
+      :metadata_source,
       :dependencies,
       :specs,
       :platforms,
@@ -94,24 +95,37 @@ module Bundler
       lockfile_contents.split(BUNDLED).last.strip
     end
 
-    def initialize(lockfile)
+    def initialize(lockfile, strict: false, lockfile_path: nil)
       @platforms    = []
       @sources      = []
+      @metadata_source = Source::Metadata.new
       @dependencies = {}
       @parse_method = nil
       @specs        = {}
-      @lockfile_path = begin
+      @lockfile_path = lockfile_path || begin
         SharedHelpers.relative_lockfile_path
       rescue GemfileNotFound
         "Gemfile.lock"
       end
       @pos = Position.new(1, 1)
+      @strict = strict
 
       if lockfile.match?(/<<<<<<<|=======|>>>>>>>|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|/)
         raise LockfileError, "Your #{@lockfile_path} contains merge conflicts.\n" \
           "Run `git checkout HEAD -- #{@lockfile_path}` first to get a clean lock."
       end
 
+      @valid = lockfile.strip.empty? ||
+               lockfile.split(/(?:\r?\n)+/).any? {|l| KNOWN_SECTIONS.include?(l) }
+
+      unless @valid
+        SharedHelpers.feature_deprecated!(
+          "Your #{@lockfile_path} does not appear to be a valid lockfile. " \
+          "Run `rm #{@lockfile_path}` and then `bundle install` to generate a new lockfile. " \
+          "This will raise a LockfileError in a future version of Bundler."
+        )
+      end
+
       lockfile.split(/((?:\r?\n)+)/) do |line|
         # split alternates between the line and the following whitespace
         next @pos.advance!(line) if line.match?(/^\s*$/)
@@ -139,8 +153,13 @@ module Bundler
         end
         @pos.advance!(line)
       end
+
+      if @platforms.include?(Gem::Platform::X64_MINGW_LEGACY)
+        SharedHelpers.feature_deprecated!("Found x64-mingw32 in lockfile, which is deprecated and will be removed in the future.")
+      end
+
       @most_specific_locked_platform = @platforms.min_by do |bundle_platform|
-        platform_specificity_match(bundle_platform, local_platform)
+        Gem::Platform.platform_specificity_match(bundle_platform, Bundler.local_platform)
       end
       @specs = @specs.values.sort_by!(&:full_name).each do |spec|
         spec.most_specific_locked_platform = @most_specific_locked_platform
@@ -156,6 +175,10 @@ module Bundler
       bundler_version.nil? || bundler_version < Gem::Version.new("1.16.2")
     end
 
+    def valid?
+      @valid
+    end
+
     private
 
     TYPES = {
@@ -239,7 +262,6 @@ module Bundler
       spaces = $1
       return unless spaces.size == 2
       checksums = $6
-      return unless checksums
       name = $2
       version = $3
       platform = $4
@@ -247,12 +269,21 @@ module Bundler
       version = Gem::Version.new(version)
       platform = platform ? Gem::Platform.new(platform) : Gem::Platform::RUBY
       full_name = Gem::NameTuple.new(name, version, platform).full_name
-      return unless spec = @specs[full_name]
+      spec = @specs[full_name]
 
-      checksums.split(",") do |lock_checksum|
-        column = line.index(lock_checksum) + 1
-        checksum = Checksum.from_lock(lock_checksum, "#{@lockfile_path}:#{@pos.line}:#{column}")
-        spec.source.checksum_store.register(spec, checksum)
+      if name == "bundler"
+        spec ||= LazySpecification.new(name, version, platform, @metadata_source)
+      end
+      return unless spec
+
+      if checksums
+        checksums.split(",") do |lock_checksum|
+          column = line.index(lock_checksum) + 1
+          checksum = Checksum.from_lock(lock_checksum, "#{@lockfile_path}:#{@pos.line}:#{column}")
+          spec.source.checksum_store.register(spec, checksum)
+        end
+      else
+        spec.source.checksum_store.register(spec, nil)
       end
     end
 
@@ -268,7 +299,7 @@ module Bundler
 
         version = Gem::Version.new(version)
         platform = platform ? Gem::Platform.new(platform) : Gem::Platform::RUBY
-        @current_spec = LazySpecification.new(name, version, platform, @current_source)
+        @current_spec = LazySpecification.new(name, version, platform, @current_source, strict: @strict)
         @current_source.add_dependency_names(name)
 
         @specs[@current_spec.full_name] = @current_spec
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1
index 176e8b117e..0956aa83f1 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-ADD" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-ADD" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-add\fR \- Add gem to the Gemfile and run bundle install
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle add\fR \fIGEM_NAME\fR [\-\-group=GROUP] [\-\-version=VERSION] [\-\-source=SOURCE] [\-\-path=PATH] [\-\-git=GIT|\-\-github=GITHUB] [\-\-branch=BRANCH] [\-\-ref=REF] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-skip\-install] [\-\-strict|\-\-optimistic]
+\fBbundle add\fR \fIGEM_NAME\fR [\-\-group=GROUP] [\-\-version=VERSION] [\-\-source=SOURCE] [\-\-path=PATH] [\-\-git=GIT|\-\-github=GITHUB] [\-\-branch=BRANCH] [\-\-ref=REF] [\-\-cooldown=NUMBER] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-skip\-install] [\-\-strict|\-\-optimistic]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Adds the named gem to the [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)] and run \fBbundle install\fR\. \fBbundle install\fR can be avoided by using the flag \fB\-\-skip\-install\fR\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
@@ -46,10 +46,16 @@ Do not print progress information to the standard output\.
 Adds the gem to the Gemfile but does not install it\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-optimistic\fR
-Adds optimistic declaration of version\.
+Ignored (now default behavior)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-pessimistic\fR
+Adds pessimistic declaration of version\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-strict\fR
 Adds strict declaration of version\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-cooldown=<number>\fR
+Only consider gem versions published at least \fInumber\fR days ago when resolving\. Pass \fB0\fR to disable cooldown for this run\. See \fBcooldown\fR in bundle\-config(1) for precedence rules\.
 .SH "EXAMPLES"
 .IP "1." 4
 You can add the \fBrails\fR gem to the Gemfile without any version restriction\. The source of the gem will be the global source\.
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ You can add the \fBrails\fR gem with version greater than 1\.1 (not including 1\
 .IP "3." 4
 You can use the \fBhttps://gems\.example\.com\fR custom source and assign the gem to a group\.
 .IP
-\fBbundle add rails \-\-version "~> 5\.0\.0" \-\-source "https://gems\.example\.com" \-\-group "development"\fR
+\fBbundle add rails \-\-version ">= 5\.0\.0" \-\-source "https://gems\.example\.com" \-\-group "development"\fR
 .IP "4." 4
 The following adds the \fBgem\fR entry to the Gemfile without installing the gem\. You can install gems later via \fBbundle install\fR\.
 .IP
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1.ronn
index 48c0c66b09..8c65af0cc0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-add.1.ronn
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ bundle-add(1) -- Add gem to the Gemfile and run bundle install
 
 `bundle add` <GEM_NAME> [--group=GROUP] [--version=VERSION] [--source=SOURCE]
            [--path=PATH] [--git=GIT|--github=GITHUB] [--branch=BRANCH] [--ref=REF]
-           [--quiet] [--skip-install] [--strict|--optimistic]
+           [--cooldown=NUMBER] [--quiet] [--skip-install] [--strict|--optimistic]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -51,11 +51,19 @@ Adds the named gem to the [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)] and run `bundle install`.
   Adds the gem to the Gemfile but does not install it.
 
 * `--optimistic`:
-  Adds optimistic declaration of version.
+  Ignored (now default behavior)
+
+* `--pessimistic`:
+  Adds pessimistic declaration of version.
 
 * `--strict`:
   Adds strict declaration of version.
 
+* `--cooldown=<number>`:
+  Only consider gem versions published at least <number> days ago when
+  resolving. Pass `0` to disable cooldown for this run. See `cooldown`
+  in bundle-config(1) for precedence rules.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 1. You can add the `rails` gem to the Gemfile without any version restriction.
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ Adds the named gem to the [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)] and run `bundle install`.
 3. You can use the `https://gems.example.com` custom source and assign the gem
    to a group.
 
-   `bundle add rails --version "~> 5.0.0" --source "https://gems.example.com" --group "development"`
+   `bundle add rails --version ">= 5.0.0" --source "https://gems.example.com" --group "development"`
 
 4. The following adds the `gem` entry to the Gemfile without installing the
    gem. You can install gems later via `bundle install`.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1
index 146c1c021e..246daeae53 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1
@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-BINSTUBS" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-BINSTUBS" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-binstubs\fR \- Install the binstubs of the listed gems
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle binstubs\fR \fIGEM_NAME\fR [\-\-force] [\-\-path PATH] [\-\-standalone] [\-\-all\-platforms]
+\fBbundle binstubs\fR \fIGEM_NAME\fR [\-\-force] [\-\-standalone] [\-\-all\-platforms]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Binstubs are scripts that wrap around executables\. Bundler creates a small Ruby file (a binstub) that loads Bundler, runs the command, and puts it into \fBbin/\fR\. Binstubs are a shortcut\-or alternative\- to always using \fBbundle exec\fR\. This gives you a file that can be run directly, and one that will always run the correct gem version used by the application\.
 .P
 For example, if you run \fBbundle binstubs rspec\-core\fR, Bundler will create the file \fBbin/rspec\fR\. That file will contain enough code to load Bundler, tell it to load the bundled gems, and then run rspec\.
 .P
-This command generates binstubs for executables in \fBGEM_NAME\fR\. Binstubs are put into \fBbin\fR, or the \fB\-\-path\fR directory if one has been set\. Calling binstubs with [GEM [GEM]] will create binstubs for all given gems\.
+This command generates binstubs for executables in \fBGEM_NAME\fR\. Binstubs are put into \fBbin\fR, or the directory specified by \fBbin\fR setting if it has been configured\. Calling binstubs with [GEM [GEM]] will create binstubs for all given gems\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
 .TP
 \fB\-\-force\fR
 Overwrite existing binstubs if they exist\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-path[=PATH]\fR
-The location to install the specified binstubs to\. This defaults to \fBbin\fR\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-standalone\fR
 Makes binstubs that can work without depending on Rubygems or Bundler at runtime\.
 .TP
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1.ronn
index ec2cfd80db..cbe5983f4d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-binstubs.1.ronn
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ bundle-binstubs(1) -- Install the binstubs of the listed gems
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle binstubs` <GEM_NAME> [--force] [--path PATH] [--standalone] [--all-platforms]
+`bundle binstubs` <GEM_NAME> [--force] [--standalone] [--all-platforms]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -19,17 +19,15 @@ the file `bin/rspec`. That file will contain enough code to load Bundler,
 tell it to load the bundled gems, and then run rspec.
 
 This command generates binstubs for executables in `GEM_NAME`.
-Binstubs are put into `bin`, or the `--path` directory if one has been set.
-Calling binstubs with [GEM [GEM]] will create binstubs for all given gems.
+Binstubs are put into `bin`, or the directory specified by `bin` setting if it
+has been configured. Calling binstubs with [GEM [GEM]] will create binstubs for
+all given gems.
 
 ## OPTIONS
 
 * `--force`:
   Overwrite existing binstubs if they exist.
 
-* `--path[=PATH]`:
-  The location to install the specified binstubs to. This defaults to `bin`.
-
 * `--standalone`:
   Makes binstubs that can work without depending on Rubygems or Bundler at
   runtime.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1
index 64e806029b..38ea047961 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-CACHE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-CACHE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-cache\fR \- Package your needed \fB\.gem\fR files into your application
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ alias: \fBpackage\fR, \fBpack\fR
 Copy all of the \fB\.gem\fR files needed to run the application into the \fBvendor/cache\fR directory\. In the future, when running \fBbundle install(1)\fR \fIbundle\-install\.1\.html\fR, use the gems in the cache in preference to the ones on \fBrubygems\.org\fR\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
 .TP
-\fB\-\-all\fR
-Include all sources (including path and git)\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-all\-platforms\fR
 Include gems for all platforms present in the lockfile, not only the current one\.
 .TP
@@ -26,19 +23,10 @@ Use the specified gemfile instead of Gemfile\.
 \fB\-\-no\-install\fR
 Don't install the gems, only update the cache\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-no\-prune\fR
-Don't remove stale gems from the cache\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-path=PATH\fR
-Specify a different path than the system default ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME)\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-quiet\fR
 Only output warnings and errors\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-frozen\fR
-Do not allow the Gemfile\.lock to be updated after this bundle cache operation's install\.
 .SH "GIT AND PATH GEMS"
-The \fBbundle cache\fR command can also package \fB:git\fR and \fB:path\fR dependencies besides \.gem files\. This needs to be explicitly enabled via the \fB\-\-all\fR option\. Once used, the \fB\-\-all\fR option will be remembered\.
+The \fBbundle cache\fR command can also package \fB:git\fR and \fB:path\fR dependencies besides \.gem files\. This can be disabled setting \fBcache_all\fR to false\.
 .SH "SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE PLATFORMS"
 When using gems that have different packages for different platforms, Bundler supports caching of gems for other platforms where the Gemfile has been resolved (i\.e\. present in the lockfile) in \fBvendor/cache\fR\. This needs to be enabled via the \fB\-\-all\-platforms\fR option\. This setting will be remembered in your local bundler configuration\.
 .SH "REMOTE FETCHING"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1.ronn
index ffcc07c7b1..51846c96b4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-cache.1.ronn
@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ use the gems in the cache in preference to the ones on `rubygems.org`.
 
 ## OPTIONS
 
-* `--all`:
-  Include all sources (including path and git).
-
 * `--all-platforms`:
   Include gems for all platforms present in the lockfile, not only the current one.
 
@@ -30,23 +27,13 @@ use the gems in the cache in preference to the ones on `rubygems.org`.
 * `--no-install`:
   Don't install the gems, only update the cache.
 
-* `--no-prune`:
-  Don't remove stale gems from the cache.
-
-* `--path=PATH`:
-  Specify a different path than the system default ($BUNDLE_PATH or $GEM_HOME).
-
 * `--quiet`:
   Only output warnings and errors.
 
-* `--frozen`:
-  Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this bundle cache operation's install.
-
 ## GIT AND PATH GEMS
 
 The `bundle cache` command can also package `:git` and `:path` dependencies
-besides .gem files. This needs to be explicitly enabled via the `--all` option.
-Once used, the `--all` option will be remembered.
+besides .gem files. This can be disabled setting `cache_all` to false.
 
 ## SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE PLATFORMS
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1
index bf16a22461..6cd474d90a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-CHECK" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-CHECK" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-check\fR \- Verifies if dependencies are satisfied by installed gems
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle check\fR [\-\-dry\-run] [\-\-gemfile=FILE] [\-\-path=PATH]
+\fBbundle check\fR [\-\-dry\-run] [\-\-gemfile=FILE]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 \fBcheck\fR searches the local machine for each of the gems requested in the Gemfile\. If all gems are found, Bundler prints a success message and exits with a status of 0\.
 .P
@@ -18,7 +18,4 @@ Locks the [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)] before running the command\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE\fR
 Use the specified gemfile instead of the [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)]\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-path=PATH\fR
-Specify a different path than the system default (\fB$BUNDLE_PATH\fR or \fB$GEM_HOME\fR)\. Bundler will remember this value for future installs on this machine\.
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1.ronn
index 23bb6f3eb8..92589159c9 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-check.1.ronn
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ bundle-check(1) -- Verifies if dependencies are satisfied by installed gems
 
 `bundle check` [--dry-run]
                [--gemfile=FILE]
-               [--path=PATH]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -25,7 +24,3 @@ installed on the local machine, if they satisfy the requirements.
 
 * `--gemfile=GEMFILE`:
   Use the specified gemfile instead of the [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)].
-
-* `--path=PATH`:
-  Specify a different path than the system default (`$BUNDLE_PATH` or `$GEM_HOME`).
-  Bundler will remember this value for future installs on this machine.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-clean.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-clean.1
index 83f7661482..eb90636c17 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-clean.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-clean.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-CLEAN" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-CLEAN" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-clean\fR \- Cleans up unused gems in your bundler directory
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1
index 0b429b5ade..c055c8a415 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-CONFIG" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-CONFIG" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-config\fR \- Set bundler configuration options
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle config\fR list
+\fBbundle config\fR [list]
 .br
-\fBbundle config\fR [get] NAME
+\fBbundle config\fR [get [\-\-local|\-\-global]] NAME
 .br
-\fBbundle config\fR [set] NAME VALUE
+\fBbundle config\fR [set [\-\-local|\-\-global]] NAME VALUE
 .br
-\fBbundle config\fR unset NAME
+\fBbundle config\fR unset [\-\-local|\-\-global] NAME
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 This command allows you to interact with Bundler's configuration system\.
 .P
@@ -25,65 +25,40 @@ Global config (\fB~/\.bundle/config\fR)
 Bundler default config
 .IP "" 0
 .P
+Executing \fBbundle\fR with the \fBBUNDLE_IGNORE_CONFIG\fR environment variable set will cause it to ignore all configuration\.
+.SH "SUB\-COMMANDS"
+.SS "list (default command)"
 Executing \fBbundle config list\fR will print a list of all bundler configuration for the current bundle, and where that configuration was set\.
+.SS "get"
+Executing \fBbundle config get <name>\fR will print the value of that configuration setting, and all locations where it was set\.
 .P
-Executing \fBbundle config get <name>\fR will print the value of that configuration setting, and where it was set\.
-.P
-Executing \fBbundle config set <name> <value>\fR defaults to setting \fBlocal\fR configuration if executing from within a local application, otherwise it will set \fBglobal\fR configuration\. See \fB\-\-local\fR and \fB\-\-global\fR options below\.
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-local\fR
+Get configuration from configuration file for the local application, namely, \fB<project_root>/\.bundle/config\fR, or \fB$BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG/config\fR if \fBBUNDLE_APP_CONFIG\fR is set\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-global\fR
+Get configuration from configuration file global to all bundles executed as the current user, namely, from \fB~/\.bundle/config\fR\.
+.SS "set"
+Executing \fBbundle config set <name> <value>\fR defaults to setting \fBlocal\fR configuration if executing from within a local application, otherwise it will set \fBglobal\fR configuration\.
 .P
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-local\fR
 Executing \fBbundle config set \-\-local <name> <value>\fR will set that configuration in the directory for the local application\. The configuration will be stored in \fB<project_root>/\.bundle/config\fR\. If \fBBUNDLE_APP_CONFIG\fR is set, the configuration will be stored in \fB$BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG/config\fR\.
-.P
+.TP
+\fB\-\-global\fR
 Executing \fBbundle config set \-\-global <name> <value>\fR will set that configuration to the value specified for all bundles executed as the current user\. The configuration will be stored in \fB~/\.bundle/config\fR\. If \fIname\fR already is set, \fIname\fR will be overridden and user will be warned\.
-.P
+.SS "unset"
 Executing \fBbundle config unset <name>\fR will delete the configuration in both local and global sources\.
 .P
-Executing \fBbundle config unset \-\-global <name>\fR will delete the configuration only from the user configuration\.
-.P
-Executing \fBbundle config unset \-\-local <name>\fR will delete the configuration only from the local application\.
-.P
-Executing bundle with the \fBBUNDLE_IGNORE_CONFIG\fR environment variable set will cause it to ignore all configuration\.
-.SH "REMEMBERING OPTIONS"
-Flags passed to \fBbundle install\fR or the Bundler runtime, such as \fB\-\-path foo\fR or \fB\-\-without production\fR, are remembered between commands and saved to your local application's configuration (normally, \fB\./\.bundle/config\fR)\.
-.P
-However, this will be changed in bundler 3, so it's better not to rely on this behavior\. If these options must be remembered, it's better to set them using \fBbundle config\fR (e\.g\., \fBbundle config set \-\-local path foo\fR)\.
-.P
-The options that can be configured are:
-.TP
-\fBbin\fR
-Creates a directory (defaults to \fB~/bin\fR) and place any executables from the gem there\. These executables run in Bundler's context\. If used, you might add this directory to your environment's \fBPATH\fR variable\. For instance, if the \fBrails\fR gem comes with a \fBrails\fR executable, this flag will create a \fBbin/rails\fR executable that ensures that all referred dependencies will be resolved using the bundled gems\.
-.TP
-\fBdeployment\fR
-In deployment mode, Bundler will 'roll\-out' the bundle for \fBproduction\fR use\. Please check carefully if you want to have this option enabled in \fBdevelopment\fR or \fBtest\fR environments\.
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
 .TP
-\fBonly\fR
-A space\-separated list of groups to install only gems of the specified groups\. Please check carefully if you want to install also gems without a group, cause they get put inside \fBdefault\fR group\. For example \fBonly test:default\fR will install all gems specified in test group and without one\.
-.TP
-\fBpath\fR
-The location to install the specified gems to\. This defaults to Rubygems' setting\. Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, \fBgem install \|\.\|\.\|\.\fR will have gem installed there, too\. Therefore, gems installed without a \fB\-\-path \|\.\|\.\|\.\fR setting will show up by calling \fBgem list\fR\. Accordingly, gems installed to other locations will not get listed\.
-.TP
-\fBwithout\fR
-A space\-separated list of groups referencing gems to skip during installation\.
+\fB\-\-local\fR
+Executing \fBbundle config unset \-\-local <name>\fR will delete the configuration only from the local application\.
 .TP
-\fBwith\fR
-A space\-separated list of \fBoptional\fR groups referencing gems to include during installation\.
-.SH "BUILD OPTIONS"
-You can use \fBbundle config\fR to give Bundler the flags to pass to the gem installer every time bundler tries to install a particular gem\.
-.P
-A very common example, the \fBmysql\fR gem, requires Snow Leopard users to pass configuration flags to \fBgem install\fR to specify where to find the \fBmysql_config\fR executable\.
-.IP "" 4
-.nf
-gem install mysql \-\- \-\-with\-mysql\-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
-.fi
-.IP "" 0
-.P
-Since the specific location of that executable can change from machine to machine, you can specify these flags on a per\-machine basis\.
-.IP "" 4
-.nf
-bundle config set \-\-global build\.mysql \-\-with\-mysql\-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
-.fi
-.IP "" 0
-.P
-After running this command, every time bundler needs to install the \fBmysql\fR gem, it will pass along the flags you specified\.
+\fB\-\-global\fR
+Executing \fBbundle config unset \-\-global <name>\fR will delete the configuration only from the user configuration\.
 .SH "CONFIGURATION KEYS"
 Configuration keys in bundler have two forms: the canonical form and the environment variable form\.
 .P
@@ -95,27 +70,40 @@ Any periods in the configuration keys must be replaced with two underscores when
 .SH "LIST OF AVAILABLE KEYS"
 The following is a list of all configuration keys and their purpose\. You can learn more about their operation in bundle install(1) \fIbundle\-install\.1\.html\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBallow_offline_install\fR (\fBBUNDLE_ALLOW_OFFLINE_INSTALL\fR): Allow Bundler to use cached data when installing without network access\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBauto_clean_without_path\fR (\fBBUNDLE_AUTO_CLEAN_WITHOUT_PATH\fR): Automatically run \fBbundle clean\fR after installing when an explicit \fBpath\fR has not been set and Bundler is not installing into the system gems\.
+\fBapi_request_size\fR (\fBBUNDLE_API_REQUEST_SIZE\fR): Configure how many dependencies to fetch when resolving the specifications\. This configuration is only used when fetching specifications from RubyGems servers that didn't implement the Compact Index API\. Defaults to 100\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBauto_install\fR (\fBBUNDLE_AUTO_INSTALL\fR): Automatically run \fBbundle install\fR when gems are missing\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBbin\fR (\fBBUNDLE_BIN\fR): Install executables from gems in the bundle to the specified directory\. Defaults to \fBfalse\fR\.
+\fBbin\fR (\fBBUNDLE_BIN\fR): If configured, \fBbundle binstubs\fR will install executables from gems in the bundle to the specified directory\. Otherwise it will create them in a \fBbin\fR directory relative to the Gemfile directory\. These executables run in Bundler's context\. If used, you might add this directory to your environment's \fBPATH\fR variable\. For instance, if the \fBrails\fR gem comes with a \fBrails\fR executable, \fBbundle binstubs\fR will create a \fBbin/rails\fR executable that ensures that all referred dependencies will be resolved using the bundled gems\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBcache_all\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CACHE_ALL\fR): Cache all gems, including path and git gems\. This needs to be explicitly configured on bundler 1 and bundler 2, but will be the default on bundler 3\.
+\fBcache_all\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CACHE_ALL\fR): Cache all gems, including path and git gems\. This needs to be explicitly before bundler 4, but will be the default on bundler 4\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBcache_all_platforms\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CACHE_ALL_PLATFORMS\fR): Cache gems for all platforms\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBcache_path\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CACHE_PATH\fR): The directory that bundler will place cached gems in when running \fBbundle package\fR, and that bundler will look in when installing gems\. Defaults to \fBvendor/cache\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBclean\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CLEAN\fR): Whether Bundler should run \fBbundle clean\fR automatically after \fBbundle install\fR\.
+\fBclean\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CLEAN\fR): Whether Bundler should run \fBbundle clean\fR automatically after \fBbundle install\fR\. Defaults to \fBtrue\fR in Bundler 4, as long as \fBpath\fR is not explicitly configured\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBconsole\fR (\fBBUNDLE_CONSOLE\fR): The console that \fBbundle console\fR starts\. Defaults to \fBirb\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBdefault_install_uses_path\fR (\fBBUNDLE_DEFAULT_INSTALL_USES_PATH\fR): Whether a \fBbundle install\fR without an explicit \fB\-\-path\fR argument defaults to installing gems in \fB\.bundle\fR\.
+\fBcooldown\fR (\fBBUNDLE_COOLDOWN\fR): Number of days a published gem version must age before bundler will resolve to it\. Defaults to unset (no cooldown)\. Pass \fB0\fR to disable cooldown for an individual run\.
+.IP
+The effective cooldown for any given gem is resolved from three layers, highest precedence first:
+.IP "1." 4
+CLI flag \fB\-\-cooldown N\fR on \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBadd\fR, and \fBoutdated\fR\.
+.IP "2." 4
+This setting (\fBbundle config set cooldown N\fR or \fBBUNDLE_COOLDOWN=N\fR)\.
+.IP "3." 4
+The per\-source \fBcooldown:\fR keyword in the Gemfile, such as \fBsource "https://rubygems\.org", cooldown: 7\fR\.
+.IP "" 0
+.IP
+The CLI flag and this setting apply uniformly to every source, including ones declared with their own \fBcooldown:\fR value\. To keep a private registry permanently exempt while still cooling down public gems, declare \fBsource "https://internal", cooldown: 0\fR in the Gemfile; remember that \fB\-\-cooldown N\fR on the command line will still override it for that single run\.
+.IP
+Cooldown filtering depends on the gem server providing a per\-version \fBcreated_at\fR timestamp in the v2 compact\-index format\. Versions without that metadata \- older gem servers, historical entries that predate the v2 cutover on \fBrubygems\.org\fR, or private registries that still emit the v1 format \- are treated as outside the cooldown window and remain resolvable\. If you rely on cooldown for supply\-chain protection, confirm that the gem server emits \fBcreated_at\fR in its \fB/info/<gem>\fR responses\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBdefault_cli_command\fR (\fBBUNDLE_DEFAULT_CLI_COMMAND\fR): The command that running \fBbundle\fR without arguments should run\. Defaults to \fBcli_help\fR since Bundler 4, but can also be \fBinstall\fR which was the previous default\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBdeployment\fR (\fBBUNDLE_DEPLOYMENT\fR): Disallow changes to the \fBGemfile\fR\. When the \fBGemfile\fR is changed and the lockfile has not been updated, running Bundler commands will be blocked\.
+\fBdeployment\fR (\fBBUNDLE_DEPLOYMENT\fR): Equivalent to setting \fBfrozen\fR to \fBtrue\fR and \fBpath\fR to \fBvendor/bundle\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBdisable_checksum_validation\fR (\fBBUNDLE_DISABLE_CHECKSUM_VALIDATION\fR): Allow installing gems even if they do not match the checksum provided by RubyGems\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
@@ -131,15 +119,15 @@ The following is a list of all configuration keys and their purpose\. You can le
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBforce_ruby_platform\fR (\fBBUNDLE_FORCE_RUBY_PLATFORM\fR): Ignore the current machine's platform and install only \fBruby\fR platform gems\. As a result, gems with native extensions will be compiled from source\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBfrozen\fR (\fBBUNDLE_FROZEN\fR): Disallow changes to the \fBGemfile\fR\. When the \fBGemfile\fR is changed and the lockfile has not been updated, running Bundler commands will be blocked\. Defaults to \fBtrue\fR when \fB\-\-deployment\fR is used\.
+\fBfrozen\fR (\fBBUNDLE_FROZEN\fR): Disallow any automatic changes to \fBGemfile\.lock\fR\. Bundler commands will be blocked unless the lockfile can be installed exactly as written\. Usually this will happen when changing the \fBGemfile\fR manually and forgetting to update the lockfile through \fBbundle lock\fR or \fBbundle install\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBgem\.github_username\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GEM__GITHUB_USERNAME\fR): Sets a GitHub username or organization to be used in \fBREADME\fR file when you create a new gem via \fBbundle gem\fR command\. It can be overridden by passing an explicit \fB\-\-github\-username\fR flag to \fBbundle gem\fR\.
+\fBgem\.github_username\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GEM__GITHUB_USERNAME\fR): Sets a GitHub username or organization to be used in the \fBREADME\fR and \fB\.gemspec\fR files when you create a new gem via \fBbundle gem\fR command\. It can be overridden by passing an explicit \fB\-\-github\-username\fR flag to \fBbundle gem\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBgem\.push_key\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GEM__PUSH_KEY\fR): Sets the \fB\-\-key\fR parameter for \fBgem push\fR when using the \fBrake release\fR command with a private gemstash server\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBgemfile\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GEMFILE\fR): The name of the file that bundler should use as the \fBGemfile\fR\. This location of this file also sets the root of the project, which is used to resolve relative paths in the \fBGemfile\fR, among other things\. By default, bundler will search up from the current working directory until it finds a \fBGemfile\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBglobal_gem_cache\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE\fR): Whether Bundler should cache all gems globally, rather than locally to the installing Ruby installation\.
+\fBglobal_gem_cache\fR (\fBBUNDLE_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE\fR): Whether Bundler should cache all gems and compiled extensions globally, rather than locally to the configured installation path\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBignore_funding_requests\fR (\fBBUNDLE_IGNORE_FUNDING_REQUESTS\fR): When set, no funding requests will be printed\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
@@ -147,40 +135,42 @@ The following is a list of all configuration keys and their purpose\. You can le
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBinit_gems_rb\fR (\fBBUNDLE_INIT_GEMS_RB\fR): Generate a \fBgems\.rb\fR instead of a \fBGemfile\fR when running \fBbundle init\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBjobs\fR (\fBBUNDLE_JOBS\fR): The number of gems Bundler can install in parallel\. Defaults to the number of available processors\.
+\fBjobs\fR (\fBBUNDLE_JOBS\fR): The number of gems Bundler can download and install in parallel\. Defaults to the number of available processors\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBlockfile\fR (\fBBUNDLE_LOCKFILE\fR): The path to the lockfile that bundler should use\. By default, Bundler adds \fB\.lock\fR to the end of the \fBgemfile\fR entry\. Can be set to \fBfalse\fR in the Gemfile to disable lockfile creation entirely (see gemfile(5))\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBlockfile_checksums\fR (\fBBUNDLE_LOCKFILE_CHECKSUMS\fR): Whether Bundler should include a checksums section in new lockfiles, to protect from compromised gem sources\. Defaults to true\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBlockfile_checksums\fR (\fBBUNDLE_LOCKFILE_CHECKSUMS\fR): Whether Bundler should include a checksums section in new lockfiles, to protect from compromised gem sources\.
+\fBno_build_extension\fR (\fBBUNDLE_NO_BUILD_EXTENSION\fR): Whether Bundler should skip building native extensions during installation\. When set, gems are installed without compiling their C extensions\. To build extensions later, unset this setting and run \fBbundle pristine <gem>\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBno_install\fR (\fBBUNDLE_NO_INSTALL\fR): Whether \fBbundle package\fR should skip installing gems\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBno_install_plugin\fR (\fBBUNDLE_NO_INSTALL_PLUGIN\fR): Whether Bundler should skip installing RubyGems plugins during installation\. When set, plugin files are not written to the plugins directory\. To install plugins later, unset this setting and run \fBbundle pristine <gem>\fR\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBno_prune\fR (\fBBUNDLE_NO_PRUNE\fR): Whether Bundler should leave outdated gems unpruned when caching\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBonly\fR (\fBBUNDLE_ONLY\fR): A space\-separated list of groups to install only gems of the specified groups\.
+\fBonly\fR (\fBBUNDLE_ONLY\fR): A space\-separated list of groups to install only gems of the specified groups\. Please check carefully if you want to install also gems without a group, because they get put inside \fBdefault\fR group\. For example \fBonly test:default\fR will install all gems specified in test group and without one\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBpath\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PATH\fR): The location on disk where all gems in your bundle will be located regardless of \fB$GEM_HOME\fR or \fB$GEM_PATH\fR values\. Bundle gems not found in this location will be installed by \fBbundle install\fR\. Defaults to \fBGem\.dir\fR\. When \-\-deployment is used, defaults to vendor/bundle\.
+\fBpath\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PATH\fR): The location on disk where all gems in your bundle will be located regardless of \fB$GEM_HOME\fR or \fB$GEM_PATH\fR values\. Bundle gems not found in this location will be installed by \fBbundle install\fR\. When not set, Bundler install by default to a \fB\.bundle\fR directory relative to repository root in Bundler 4, and to the default system path (\fBGem\.dir\fR) before Bundler 4\. That means that before Bundler 4, Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, and \fBgem install \|\.\|\.\|\.\fR will have gems installed in the same location and therefore, gems installed without \fBpath\fR set will show up by calling \fBgem list\fR\. This will not be the case in Bundler 4\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBpath\.system\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PATH__SYSTEM\fR): Whether Bundler will install gems into the default system path (\fBGem\.dir\fR)\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBpath_relative_to_cwd\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PATH_RELATIVE_TO_CWD\fR) Makes \fB\-\-path\fR relative to the CWD instead of the \fBGemfile\fR\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBplugins\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PLUGINS\fR): Enable Bundler's experimental plugin system\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBprefer_patch\fR (BUNDLE_PREFER_PATCH): Prefer updating only to next patch version during updates\. Makes \fBbundle update\fR calls equivalent to \fBbundler update \-\-patch\fR\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBprint_only_version_number\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PRINT_ONLY_VERSION_NUMBER\fR): Print only version number from \fBbundler \-\-version\fR\.
+\fBprefer_patch\fR (\fBBUNDLE_PREFER_PATCH\fR): Prefer updating only to next patch version during updates\. Makes \fBbundle update\fR calls equivalent to \fBbundler update \-\-patch\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBredirect\fR (\fBBUNDLE_REDIRECT\fR): The number of redirects allowed for network requests\. Defaults to \fB5\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBretry\fR (\fBBUNDLE_RETRY\fR): The number of times to retry failed network requests\. Defaults to \fB3\fR\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBsetup_makes_kernel_gem_public\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SETUP_MAKES_KERNEL_GEM_PUBLIC\fR): Have \fBBundler\.setup\fR make the \fBKernel#gem\fR method public, even though RubyGems declares it as private\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBshebang\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SHEBANG\fR): The program name that should be invoked for generated binstubs\. Defaults to the ruby install name used to generate the binstub\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBsilence_deprecations\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SILENCE_DEPRECATIONS\fR): Whether Bundler should silence deprecation warnings for behavior that will be changed in the next major version\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBsilence_root_warning\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SILENCE_ROOT_WARNING\fR): Silence the warning Bundler prints when installing gems as root\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBsimulate_version\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SIMULATE_VERSION\fR): The virtual version Bundler should use for activating feature flags\. Can be used to simulate all the new functionality that will be enabled in a future major version\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBssl_ca_cert\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SSL_CA_CERT\fR): Path to a designated CA certificate file or folder containing multiple certificates for trusted CAs in PEM format\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBssl_client_cert\fR (\fBBUNDLE_SSL_CLIENT_CERT\fR): Path to a designated file containing a X\.509 client certificate and key in PEM format\.
@@ -195,12 +185,32 @@ The following is a list of all configuration keys and their purpose\. You can le
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBuser_agent\fR (\fBBUNDLE_USER_AGENT\fR): The custom user agent fragment Bundler includes in API requests\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBverbose\fR (\fBBUNDLE_VERBOSE\fR): Whether Bundler should print verbose output\. Defaults to \fBfalse\fR, unless the \fB\-\-verbose\fR CLI flag is used\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
 \fBversion\fR (\fBBUNDLE_VERSION\fR): The version of Bundler to use when running under Bundler environment\. Defaults to \fBlockfile\fR\. You can also specify \fBsystem\fR or \fBx\.y\.z\fR\. \fBlockfile\fR will use the Bundler version specified in the \fBGemfile\.lock\fR, \fBsystem\fR will use the system version of Bundler, and \fBx\.y\.z\fR will use the specified version of Bundler\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBwith\fR (\fBBUNDLE_WITH\fR): A \fB:\fR\-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should install\.
+\fBwith\fR (\fBBUNDLE_WITH\fR): A space\-separated or \fB:\fR\-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should install\.
 .IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBwithout\fR (\fBBUNDLE_WITHOUT\fR): A \fB:\fR\-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should not install\.
+\fBwithout\fR (\fBBUNDLE_WITHOUT\fR): A space\-separated or \fB:\fR\-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should not install\.
+.IP "" 0
+.SH "BUILD OPTIONS"
+You can use \fBbundle config\fR to give Bundler the flags to pass to the gem installer every time bundler tries to install a particular gem\.
+.P
+A very common example, the \fBmysql\fR gem, requires Snow Leopard users to pass configuration flags to \fBgem install\fR to specify where to find the \fBmysql_config\fR executable\.
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+gem install mysql \-\- \-\-with\-mysql\-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+.fi
 .IP "" 0
+.P
+Since the specific location of that executable can change from machine to machine, you can specify these flags on a per\-machine basis\.
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+bundle config set \-\-global build\.mysql \-\-with\-mysql\-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+After running this command, every time bundler needs to install the \fBmysql\fR gem, it will pass along the flags you specified\.
 .SH "LOCAL GIT REPOS"
 Bundler also allows you to work against a git repository locally instead of using the remote version\. This can be achieved by setting up a local override:
 .IP "" 4
@@ -209,7 +219,16 @@ bundle config set \-\-local local\.GEM_NAME /path/to/local/git/repository
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
-For example, in order to use a local Rack repository, a developer could call:
+Important: This feature only works for gems that are specified with a git source in your Gemfile\. It does not work for gems installed from RubyGems or other sources\. The gem must be defined with \fBgit:\fR option pointing to a remote repository\.
+.P
+For example, if your Gemfile contains:
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+gem "rack", git: "https://github\.com/rack/rack\.git", branch: "main"
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+Then you can use a local Rack repository by running:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
 bundle config set \-\-local local\.rack ~/Work/git/rack
@@ -221,6 +240,13 @@ Now instead of checking out the remote git repository, the local override will b
 Bundler does many checks to ensure a developer won't work with invalid references\. Particularly, we force a developer to specify a branch in the \fBGemfile\fR in order to use this feature\. If the branch specified in the \fBGemfile\fR and the current branch in the local git repository do not match, Bundler will abort\. This ensures that a developer is always working against the correct branches, and prevents accidental locking to a different branch\.
 .P
 Finally, Bundler also ensures that the current revision in the \fBGemfile\.lock\fR exists in the local git repository\. By doing this, Bundler forces you to fetch the latest changes in the remotes\.
+.P
+If you need to temporarily use a local version of a gem that is normally installed from RubyGems (not from git), use a path source instead:
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+gem "rack", path: "~/Work/git/rack"
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
 .SH "MIRRORS OF GEM SOURCES"
 Bundler supports overriding gem sources with mirrors\. This allows you to configure rubygems\.org as the gem source in your Gemfile while still using your mirror to fetch gems\.
 .IP "" 4
@@ -276,7 +302,7 @@ export BUNDLE_GEMS__LONGEROUS__COM="claudette:s00pers3krit"
 For gems with a git source with HTTP(S) URL you can specify credentials like so:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-bundle config set \-\-global https://github\.com/rubygems/rubygems\.git username:password
+bundle config set \-\-global https://github\.com/ruby/rubygems\.git username:password
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1.ronn
index bd9f01d004..72f891b428 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-config.1.ronn
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ bundle-config(1) -- Set bundler configuration options
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle config` list<br>
-`bundle config` [get] NAME<br>
-`bundle config` [set] NAME VALUE<br>
-`bundle config` unset NAME
+`bundle config` [list]<br>
+`bundle config` [get [--local|--global]] NAME<br>
+`bundle config` [set [--local|--global]] NAME VALUE<br>
+`bundle config` unset [--local|--global] NAME
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -19,101 +19,67 @@ Bundler loads configuration settings in this order:
 3. Global config (`~/.bundle/config`)
 4. Bundler default config
 
-Executing `bundle config list` will print a list of all bundler
-configuration for the current bundle, and where that configuration
-was set.
-
-Executing `bundle config get <name>` will print the value of that configuration
-setting, and where it was set.
-
-Executing `bundle config set <name> <value>` defaults to setting `local`
-configuration if executing from within a local application, otherwise it will
-set `global` configuration. See `--local` and `--global` options below.
-
-Executing `bundle config set --local <name> <value>` will set that configuration
-in the directory for the local application. The configuration will be stored in
-`<project_root>/.bundle/config`. If `BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG` is set, the configuration
-will be stored in `$BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG/config`.
-
-Executing `bundle config set --global <name> <value>` will set that
-configuration to the value specified for all bundles executed as the current
-user. The configuration will be stored in `~/.bundle/config`. If <name> already
-is set, <name> will be overridden and user will be warned.
-
-Executing `bundle config unset <name>` will delete the configuration in both
-local and global sources.
-
-Executing `bundle config unset --global <name>` will delete the configuration
-only from the user configuration.
-
-Executing `bundle config unset --local <name>` will delete the configuration
-only from the local application.
-
-Executing bundle with the `BUNDLE_IGNORE_CONFIG` environment variable set will
+Executing `bundle` with the `BUNDLE_IGNORE_CONFIG` environment variable set will
 cause it to ignore all configuration.
 
-## REMEMBERING OPTIONS
+## SUB-COMMANDS
 
-Flags passed to `bundle install` or the Bundler runtime, such as `--path foo` or
-`--without production`, are remembered between commands and saved to your local
-application's configuration (normally, `./.bundle/config`).
+### list (default command)
 
-However, this will be changed in bundler 3, so it's better not to rely on this
-behavior. If these options must be remembered, it's better to set them using
-`bundle config` (e.g., `bundle config set --local path foo`).
+Executing `bundle config list` will print a list of all bundler
+configuration for the current bundle, and where that configuration
+was set.
 
-The options that can be configured are:
+### get
 
-* `bin`:
-   Creates a directory (defaults to `~/bin`) and place any executables from the
-   gem there. These executables run in Bundler's context. If used, you might add
-   this directory to your environment's `PATH` variable. For instance, if the
-   `rails` gem comes with a `rails` executable, this flag will create a
-   `bin/rails` executable that ensures that all referred dependencies will be
-   resolved using the bundled gems.
+Executing `bundle config get <name>` will print the value of that configuration
+setting, and all locations where it was set.
 
-* `deployment`:
-   In deployment mode, Bundler will 'roll-out' the bundle for
-   `production` use. Please check carefully if you want to have this option
-   enabled in `development` or `test` environments.
+**OPTIONS**
 
-* `only`:
-   A space-separated list of groups to install only gems of the specified groups.
-   Please check carefully if you want to install also gems without a group, cause
-   they get put inside `default` group. For example `only test:default` will install
-   all gems specified in test group and without one.
+* `--local`:
+  Get configuration from configuration file for the local application, namely,
+  `<project_root>/.bundle/config`, or `$BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG/config` if
+  `BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG` is set.
 
-* `path`:
-   The location to install the specified gems to. This defaults to Rubygems'
-   setting. Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, `gem install ...` will
-   have gem installed there, too. Therefore, gems installed without a
-   `--path ...` setting will show up by calling `gem list`. Accordingly, gems
-   installed to other locations will not get listed.
+* `--global`:
+  Get configuration from configuration file global to all bundles executed as
+  the current user, namely, from `~/.bundle/config`.
 
-* `without`:
-   A space-separated list of groups referencing gems to skip during installation.
+### set
 
-* `with`:
-  A space-separated list of **optional** groups referencing gems to include during installation.
+Executing `bundle config set <name> <value>` defaults to setting `local`
+configuration if executing from within a local application, otherwise it will
+set `global` configuration.
 
-## BUILD OPTIONS
+**OPTIONS**
 
-You can use `bundle config` to give Bundler the flags to pass to the gem
-installer every time bundler tries to install a particular gem.
+* `--local`:
+  Executing `bundle config set --local <name> <value>` will set that configuration
+  in the directory for the local application. The configuration will be stored in
+  `<project_root>/.bundle/config`. If `BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG` is set, the configuration
+  will be stored in `$BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG/config`.
 
-A very common example, the `mysql` gem, requires Snow Leopard users to
-pass configuration flags to `gem install` to specify where to find the
-`mysql_config` executable.
+* `--global`:
+  Executing `bundle config set --global <name> <value>` will set that
+  configuration to the value specified for all bundles executed as the current
+  user. The configuration will be stored in `~/.bundle/config`. If <name> already
+  is set, <name> will be overridden and user will be warned.
 
-    gem install mysql -- --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+### unset
 
-Since the specific location of that executable can change from machine
-to machine, you can specify these flags on a per-machine basis.
+Executing `bundle config unset <name>` will delete the configuration in both
+local and global sources.
 
-    bundle config set --global build.mysql --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+**OPTIONS**
 
-After running this command, every time bundler needs to install the
-`mysql` gem, it will pass along the flags you specified.
+* `--local`:
+  Executing `bundle config unset --local <name>` will delete the configuration
+  only from the local application.
+
+* `--global`:
+  Executing `bundle config unset --global <name>` will delete the configuration
+  only from the user configuration.
 
 ## CONFIGURATION KEYS
 
@@ -140,19 +106,25 @@ the environment variable `BUNDLE_LOCAL__RACK`.
 The following is a list of all configuration keys and their purpose. You can
 learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
 
-* `allow_offline_install` (`BUNDLE_ALLOW_OFFLINE_INSTALL`):
-   Allow Bundler to use cached data when installing without network access.
-* `auto_clean_without_path` (`BUNDLE_AUTO_CLEAN_WITHOUT_PATH`):
-   Automatically run `bundle clean` after installing when an explicit `path`
-   has not been set and Bundler is not installing into the system gems.
+* `api_request_size` (`BUNDLE_API_REQUEST_SIZE`):
+   Configure how many dependencies to fetch when resolving the specifications.
+   This configuration is only used when fetching specifications from RubyGems
+   servers that didn't implement the Compact Index API.
+   Defaults to 100.
 * `auto_install` (`BUNDLE_AUTO_INSTALL`):
    Automatically run `bundle install` when gems are missing.
 * `bin` (`BUNDLE_BIN`):
-   Install executables from gems in the bundle to the specified directory.
-   Defaults to `false`.
+   If configured, `bundle binstubs` will install executables from gems in the
+   bundle to the specified directory. Otherwise it will create them in a `bin`
+   directory relative to the Gemfile directory. These executables run in
+   Bundler's context. If used, you might add this directory to your
+   environment's `PATH` variable. For instance, if the `rails` gem comes with a
+   `rails` executable, `bundle binstubs` will create a `bin/rails` executable
+   that ensures that all referred dependencies will be resolved using the
+   bundled gems.
 * `cache_all` (`BUNDLE_CACHE_ALL`):
    Cache all gems, including path and git gems. This needs to be explicitly
-   configured on bundler 1 and bundler 2, but will be the default on bundler 3.
+   before bundler 4, but will be the default on bundler 4.
 * `cache_all_platforms` (`BUNDLE_CACHE_ALL_PLATFORMS`):
    Cache gems for all platforms.
 * `cache_path` (`BUNDLE_CACHE_PATH`):
@@ -161,15 +133,46 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    Defaults to `vendor/cache`.
 * `clean` (`BUNDLE_CLEAN`):
    Whether Bundler should run `bundle clean` automatically after
-   `bundle install`.
+   `bundle install`. Defaults to `true` in Bundler 4, as long as `path` is not
+   explicitly configured.
 * `console` (`BUNDLE_CONSOLE`):
    The console that `bundle console` starts. Defaults to `irb`.
-* `default_install_uses_path` (`BUNDLE_DEFAULT_INSTALL_USES_PATH`):
-   Whether a `bundle install` without an explicit `--path` argument defaults
-   to installing gems in `.bundle`.
+* `cooldown` (`BUNDLE_COOLDOWN`):
+   Number of days a published gem version must age before bundler will
+   resolve to it. Defaults to unset (no cooldown). Pass `0` to disable
+   cooldown for an individual run.
+
+   The effective cooldown for any given gem is resolved from three
+   layers, highest precedence first:
+
+     1. CLI flag `--cooldown N` on `install`, `update`, `add`, and
+        `outdated`.
+     2. This setting (`bundle config set cooldown N` or
+        `BUNDLE_COOLDOWN=N`).
+     3. The per-source `cooldown:` keyword in the Gemfile, such as
+        `source "https://rubygems.org", cooldown: 7`.
+
+   The CLI flag and this setting apply uniformly to every source,
+   including ones declared with their own `cooldown:` value. To keep a
+   private registry permanently exempt while still cooling down public
+   gems, declare `source "https://internal", cooldown: 0` in the
+   Gemfile; remember that `--cooldown N` on the command line will
+   still override it for that single run.
+
+   Cooldown filtering depends on the gem server providing a per-version
+   `created_at` timestamp in the v2 compact-index format. Versions
+   without that metadata - older gem servers, historical entries that
+   predate the v2 cutover on `rubygems.org`, or private registries that
+   still emit the v1 format - are treated as outside the cooldown
+   window and remain resolvable. If you rely on cooldown for
+   supply-chain protection, confirm that the gem server emits
+   `created_at` in its `/info/<gem>` responses.
+* `default_cli_command` (`BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CLI_COMMAND`):
+   The command that running `bundle` without arguments should run. Defaults to
+   `cli_help` since Bundler 4, but can also be `install` which was the previous
+   default.
 * `deployment` (`BUNDLE_DEPLOYMENT`):
-   Disallow changes to the `Gemfile`. When the `Gemfile` is changed and the
-   lockfile has not been updated, running Bundler commands will be blocked.
+   Equivalent to setting `frozen` to `true` and `path` to `vendor/bundle`.
 * `disable_checksum_validation` (`BUNDLE_DISABLE_CHECKSUM_VALIDATION`):
    Allow installing gems even if they do not match the checksum provided by
    RubyGems.
@@ -191,12 +194,13 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    Ignore the current machine's platform and install only `ruby` platform gems.
    As a result, gems with native extensions will be compiled from source.
 * `frozen` (`BUNDLE_FROZEN`):
-   Disallow changes to the `Gemfile`. When the `Gemfile` is changed and the
-   lockfile has not been updated, running Bundler commands will be blocked.
-   Defaults to `true` when `--deployment` is used.
+   Disallow any automatic changes to `Gemfile.lock`. Bundler commands will
+   be blocked unless the lockfile can be installed exactly as written.
+   Usually this will happen when changing the `Gemfile` manually and forgetting
+   to update the lockfile through `bundle lock` or `bundle install`.
 * `gem.github_username` (`BUNDLE_GEM__GITHUB_USERNAME`):
-   Sets a GitHub username or organization to be used in `README` file when you
-   create a new gem via `bundle gem` command. It can be overridden by passing an
+   Sets a GitHub username or organization to be used in the `README` and `.gemspec` files
+   when you create a new gem via `bundle gem` command. It can be overridden by passing an
    explicit `--github-username` flag to `bundle gem`.
 * `gem.push_key` (`BUNDLE_GEM__PUSH_KEY`):
    Sets the `--key` parameter for `gem push` when using the `rake release`
@@ -208,8 +212,8 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    will search up from the current working directory until it finds a
    `Gemfile`.
 * `global_gem_cache` (`BUNDLE_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE`):
-   Whether Bundler should cache all gems globally, rather than locally to the
-   installing Ruby installation.
+   Whether Bundler should cache all gems and compiled extensions globally,
+   rather than locally to the configured installation path.
 * `ignore_funding_requests` (`BUNDLE_IGNORE_FUNDING_REQUESTS`):
    When set, no funding requests will be printed.
 * `ignore_messages` (`BUNDLE_IGNORE_MESSAGES`):
@@ -218,38 +222,51 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
 * `init_gems_rb` (`BUNDLE_INIT_GEMS_RB`):
    Generate a `gems.rb` instead of a `Gemfile` when running `bundle init`.
 * `jobs` (`BUNDLE_JOBS`):
-   The number of gems Bundler can install in parallel. Defaults to the number of
-   available processors.
+   The number of gems Bundler can download and install in parallel.
+   Defaults to the number of available processors.
+* `lockfile` (`BUNDLE_LOCKFILE`):
+   The path to the lockfile that bundler should use. By default, Bundler adds
+   `.lock` to the end of the `gemfile` entry. Can be set to `false` in the
+   Gemfile to disable lockfile creation entirely (see gemfile(5)).
 * `lockfile_checksums` (`BUNDLE_LOCKFILE_CHECKSUMS`):
-   Whether Bundler should include a checksums section in new lockfiles, to protect from compromised gem sources.
+   Whether Bundler should include a checksums section in new lockfiles, to protect from compromised gem sources. Defaults to true.
+* `no_build_extension` (`BUNDLE_NO_BUILD_EXTENSION`):
+   Whether Bundler should skip building native extensions during installation.
+   When set, gems are installed without compiling their C extensions.
+   To build extensions later, unset this setting and run `bundle pristine <gem>`.
 * `no_install` (`BUNDLE_NO_INSTALL`):
    Whether `bundle package` should skip installing gems.
+* `no_install_plugin` (`BUNDLE_NO_INSTALL_PLUGIN`):
+   Whether Bundler should skip installing RubyGems plugins during installation.
+   When set, plugin files are not written to the plugins directory.
+   To install plugins later, unset this setting and run `bundle pristine <gem>`.
 * `no_prune` (`BUNDLE_NO_PRUNE`):
    Whether Bundler should leave outdated gems unpruned when caching.
 * `only` (`BUNDLE_ONLY`):
    A space-separated list of groups to install only gems of the specified groups.
+   Please check carefully if you want to install also gems without a group, because
+   they get put inside `default` group. For example `only test:default` will install
+   all gems specified in test group and without one.
 * `path` (`BUNDLE_PATH`):
    The location on disk where all gems in your bundle will be located regardless
    of `$GEM_HOME` or `$GEM_PATH` values. Bundle gems not found in this location
-   will be installed by `bundle install`. Defaults to `Gem.dir`. When --deployment
-   is used, defaults to vendor/bundle.
+   will be installed by `bundle install`. When not set, Bundler install by
+   default to a `.bundle` directory relative to repository root in Bundler 4,
+   and to the default system path (`Gem.dir`) before Bundler 4. That means that
+   before Bundler 4, Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, and `gem
+   install ...` will have gems installed in the same location and therefore,
+   gems installed without `path` set will show up by calling `gem list`. This
+   will not be the case in Bundler 4.
 * `path.system` (`BUNDLE_PATH__SYSTEM`):
    Whether Bundler will install gems into the default system path (`Gem.dir`).
-* `path_relative_to_cwd` (`BUNDLE_PATH_RELATIVE_TO_CWD`)
-   Makes `--path` relative to the CWD instead of the `Gemfile`.
 * `plugins` (`BUNDLE_PLUGINS`):
    Enable Bundler's experimental plugin system.
-* `prefer_patch` (BUNDLE_PREFER_PATCH):
+* `prefer_patch` (`BUNDLE_PREFER_PATCH`):
    Prefer updating only to next patch version during updates. Makes `bundle update` calls equivalent to `bundler update --patch`.
-* `print_only_version_number` (`BUNDLE_PRINT_ONLY_VERSION_NUMBER`):
-   Print only version number from `bundler --version`.
 * `redirect` (`BUNDLE_REDIRECT`):
    The number of redirects allowed for network requests. Defaults to `5`.
 * `retry` (`BUNDLE_RETRY`):
    The number of times to retry failed network requests. Defaults to `3`.
-* `setup_makes_kernel_gem_public` (`BUNDLE_SETUP_MAKES_KERNEL_GEM_PUBLIC`):
-   Have `Bundler.setup` make the `Kernel#gem` method public, even though
-   RubyGems declares it as private.
 * `shebang` (`BUNDLE_SHEBANG`):
    The program name that should be invoked for generated binstubs. Defaults to
    the ruby install name used to generate the binstub.
@@ -258,6 +275,10 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    be changed in the next major version.
 * `silence_root_warning` (`BUNDLE_SILENCE_ROOT_WARNING`):
    Silence the warning Bundler prints when installing gems as root.
+* `simulate_version` (`BUNDLE_SIMULATE_VERSION`):
+   The virtual version Bundler should use for activating feature flags. Can be
+   used to simulate all the new functionality that will be enabled in a future
+   major version.
 * `ssl_ca_cert` (`BUNDLE_SSL_CA_CERT`):
    Path to a designated CA certificate file or folder containing multiple
    certificates for trusted CAs in PEM format.
@@ -276,6 +297,9 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    and disallow passing no options to `bundle update`.
 * `user_agent` (`BUNDLE_USER_AGENT`):
    The custom user agent fragment Bundler includes in API requests.
+* `verbose` (`BUNDLE_VERBOSE`):
+   Whether Bundler should print verbose output. Defaults to `false`, unless the
+   `--verbose` CLI flag is used.
 * `version` (`BUNDLE_VERSION`):
    The version of Bundler to use when running under Bundler environment.
    Defaults to `lockfile`. You can also specify `system` or `x.y.z`.
@@ -283,9 +307,28 @@ learn more about their operation in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
    `system` will use the system version of Bundler, and `x.y.z` will use
    the specified version of Bundler.
 * `with` (`BUNDLE_WITH`):
-   A `:`-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should install.
+   A space-separated or `:`-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should install.
 * `without` (`BUNDLE_WITHOUT`):
-   A `:`-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should not install.
+   A space-separated or `:`-separated list of groups whose gems bundler should not install.
+
+## BUILD OPTIONS
+
+You can use `bundle config` to give Bundler the flags to pass to the gem
+installer every time bundler tries to install a particular gem.
+
+A very common example, the `mysql` gem, requires Snow Leopard users to
+pass configuration flags to `gem install` to specify where to find the
+`mysql_config` executable.
+
+    gem install mysql -- --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+
+Since the specific location of that executable can change from machine
+to machine, you can specify these flags on a per-machine basis.
+
+    bundle config set --global build.mysql --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
+
+After running this command, every time bundler needs to install the
+`mysql` gem, it will pass along the flags you specified.
 
 ## LOCAL GIT REPOS
 
@@ -295,7 +338,16 @@ up a local override:
 
     bundle config set --local local.GEM_NAME /path/to/local/git/repository
 
-For example, in order to use a local Rack repository, a developer could call:
+Important: This feature only works for gems that are specified with a git
+source in your Gemfile. It does not work for gems installed from RubyGems
+or other sources. The gem must be defined with `git:` option pointing to a
+remote repository.
+
+For example, if your Gemfile contains:
+
+    gem "rack", git: "https://github.com/rack/rack.git", branch: "main"
+
+Then you can use a local Rack repository by running:
 
     bundle config set --local local.rack ~/Work/git/rack
 
@@ -321,6 +373,11 @@ Finally, Bundler also ensures that the current revision in the
 `Gemfile.lock` exists in the local git repository. By doing this, Bundler
 forces you to fetch the latest changes in the remotes.
 
+If you need to temporarily use a local version of a gem that is normally
+installed from RubyGems (not from git), use a path source instead:
+
+    gem "rack", path: "~/Work/git/rack"
+
 ## MIRRORS OF GEM SOURCES
 
 Bundler supports overriding gem sources with mirrors. This allows you to
@@ -364,7 +421,7 @@ Or you can set the credentials as an environment variable like this:
 
 For gems with a git source with HTTP(S) URL you can specify credentials like so:
 
-    bundle config set --global https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems.git username:password
+    bundle config set --global https://github.com/ruby/rubygems.git username:password
 
 Or you can set the credentials as an environment variable like so:
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-console.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-console.1
index de9eeac907..5d3f65365f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-console.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-console.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-CONSOLE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-CONSOLE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-console\fR \- Open an IRB session with the bundle pre\-loaded
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1
index cd831f2fee..4c59871b66 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-DOCTOR" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-DOCTOR" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-doctor\fR \- Checks the bundle for common problems
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle doctor\fR [\-\-quiet] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE]
+\fBbundle doctor [diagnose]\fR [\-\-quiet] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] [\-\-ssl]
+.br
+\fBbundle doctor ssl\fR [\-\-host=HOST] [\-\-tls\-version=TLS\-VERSION] [\-\-verify\-mode=VERIFY\-MODE]
+.br
+\fBbundle doctor\fR help [COMMAND]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
+You can diagnose common Bundler problems with this command such as checking gem environment or SSL/TLS issue\.
+.SH "SUB\-COMMANDS"
+.SS "diagnose (default command)"
 Checks your Gemfile and gem environment for common problems\. If issues are detected, Bundler prints them and exits status 1\. Otherwise, Bundler prints a success message and exits status 0\.
 .P
-Examples of common problems caught by bundle\-doctor include:
+Examples of common problems caught include:
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 Invalid Bundler settings
 .IP "\(bu" 4
@@ -20,11 +27,43 @@ Uninstalled gems
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 Missing dependencies
 .IP "" 0
-.SH "OPTIONS"
+.P
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
 .TP
 \fB\-\-quiet\fR
 Only output warnings and errors\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE\fR
 The location of the Gemfile(5) which Bundler should use\. This defaults to a Gemfile(5) in the current working directory\. In general, Bundler will assume that the location of the Gemfile(5) is also the project's root and will try to find \fBGemfile\.lock\fR and \fBvendor/cache\fR relative to this location\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ssl\fR
+Diagnose common SSL problems when connecting to https://rubygems\.org\.
+.IP
+This flag runs the \fBbundle doctor ssl\fR subcommand with default values underneath\.
+.SS "ssl"
+If you've experienced issues related to SSL certificates and/or TLS versions while connecting to https://rubygems\.org, this command can help troubleshoot common problems\. The diagnostic will perform a few checks such as:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Verify the Ruby OpenSSL version installed on your system\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Check the OpenSSL library version used for compilation\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Ensure CA certificates are correctly setup on your machine\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Open a TLS connection and verify the outcome\.
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-host=HOST\fR
+Perform the diagnostic on HOST\. Defaults to \fBrubygems\.org\fR\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-tls\-version=TLS\-VERSION\fR
+Specify the TLS version when opening the connection to HOST\.
+.IP
+Accepted values are: \fB1\.1\fR or \fB1\.2\fR\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-verify\-mode=VERIFY\-MODE\fR
+Specify the TLS verify mode when opening the connection to HOST\. Defaults to \fBSSL_VERIFY_PEER\fR\.
+.IP
+Accepted values are: \fBCLIENT_ONCE\fR, \fBFAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT\fR, \fBNONE\fR, \fBPEER\fR\.
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1.ronn
index 5970f6188b..7495099ff5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-doctor.1.ronn
@@ -3,16 +3,27 @@ bundle-doctor(1) -- Checks the bundle for common problems
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle doctor` [--quiet]
-                [--gemfile=GEMFILE]
+`bundle doctor [diagnose]` [--quiet]
+                           [--gemfile=GEMFILE]
+                           [--ssl]<br>
+`bundle doctor ssl` [--host=HOST]
+                    [--tls-version=TLS-VERSION]
+                    [--verify-mode=VERIFY-MODE]<br>
+`bundle doctor` help [COMMAND]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
+You can diagnose common Bundler problems with this command such as checking gem environment or SSL/TLS issue.
+
+## SUB-COMMANDS
+
+### diagnose (default command)
+
 Checks your Gemfile and gem environment for common problems. If issues
 are detected, Bundler prints them and exits status 1. Otherwise,
 Bundler prints a success message and exits status 0.
 
-Examples of common problems caught by bundle-doctor include:
+Examples of common problems caught include:
 
 * Invalid Bundler settings
 * Mismatched Ruby versions
@@ -20,7 +31,7 @@ Examples of common problems caught by bundle-doctor include:
 * Uninstalled gems
 * Missing dependencies
 
-## OPTIONS
+**OPTIONS**
 
 * `--quiet`:
   Only output warnings and errors.
@@ -31,3 +42,36 @@ Examples of common problems caught by bundle-doctor include:
   will assume that the location of the Gemfile(5) is also the project's
   root and will try to find `Gemfile.lock` and `vendor/cache` relative
   to this location.
+
+* `--ssl`:
+  Diagnose common SSL problems when connecting to https://rubygems.org.
+
+  This flag runs the `bundle doctor ssl` subcommand with default values
+  underneath.
+
+### ssl
+
+If you've experienced issues related to SSL certificates and/or TLS versions while connecting
+to https://rubygems.org, this command can help troubleshoot common problems.
+The diagnostic will perform a few checks such as:
+
+* Verify the Ruby OpenSSL version installed on your system.
+* Check the OpenSSL library version used for compilation.
+* Ensure CA certificates are correctly setup on your machine.
+* Open a TLS connection and verify the outcome.
+
+**OPTIONS**
+
+* `--host=HOST`:
+  Perform the diagnostic on HOST. Defaults to `rubygems.org`.
+
+* `--tls-version=TLS-VERSION`:
+  Specify the TLS version when opening the connection to HOST.
+
+  Accepted values are: `1.1` or `1.2`.
+
+* `--verify-mode=VERIFY-MODE`:
+  Specify the TLS verify mode when opening the connection to HOST.
+  Defaults to `SSL_VERIFY_PEER`.
+
+  Accepted values are: `CLIENT_ONCE`, `FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT`, `NONE`, `PEER`.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-env.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-env.1
index c936294827..25fcb64891 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-env.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-env.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-ENV" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-ENV" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-env\fR \- Print information about the environment Bundler is running under
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1
index 0ebbb4c198..c3a6a09d57 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-EXEC" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-EXEC" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-exec\fR \- Execute a command in the context of the bundle
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle exec\fR [\-\-keep\-file\-descriptors] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] \fIcommand\fR
+\fBbundle exec\fR [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] \fIcommand\fR
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 This command executes the command, making all gems specified in the [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)] available to \fBrequire\fR in Ruby programs\.
 .P
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ Essentially, if you would normally have run something like \fBrspec spec/my_spec
 Note that \fBbundle exec\fR does not require that an executable is available on your shell's \fB$PATH\fR\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
 .TP
-\fB\-\-keep\-file\-descriptors\fR
-Passes all file descriptors to the new processes\. Default is true from bundler version 2\.2\.26\. Setting it to false is now deprecated\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE\fR
 Use the specified gemfile instead of [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)]\.
 .SH "BUNDLE INSTALL \-\-BINSTUBS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1.ronn
index 3d3f0eed7b..e51a66a084 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-exec.1.ronn
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ bundle-exec(1) -- Execute a command in the context of the bundle
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle exec` [--keep-file-descriptors] [--gemfile=GEMFILE] <command>
+`bundle exec` [--gemfile=GEMFILE] <command>
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ available on your shell's `$PATH`.
 
 ## OPTIONS
 
-* `--keep-file-descriptors`:
-  Passes all file descriptors to the new processes. Default is true from
-  bundler version 2.2.26. Setting it to false is now deprecated.
-
 * `--gemfile=GEMFILE`:
   Use the specified gemfile instead of [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)].
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-fund.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-fund.1
index 641d8cf864..caee1f81dd 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-fund.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-fund.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-FUND" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-FUND" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-fund\fR \- Lists information about gems seeking funding assistance
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1
index 65882afa4f..87d7568246 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-GEM" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-GEM" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-gem\fR \- Generate a project skeleton for creating a rubygem
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
@@ -19,67 +19,87 @@ The generated project skeleton can be customized with OPTIONS, as explained belo
 \fBgem\.test\fR
 .IP "" 0
 .SH "OPTIONS"
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-exe\fR, \fB\-\-bin\fR, \fB\-b\fR: Specify that Bundler should create a binary executable (as \fBexe/GEM_NAME\fR) in the generated rubygem project\. This binary will also be added to the \fBGEM_NAME\.gemspec\fR manifest\. This behavior is disabled by default\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-exe\fR: Do not create a binary (overrides \fB\-\-exe\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-coc\fR: Add a \fBCODE_OF_CONDUCT\.md\fR file to the root of the generated project\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-coc\fR: Do not create a \fBCODE_OF_CONDUCT\.md\fR (overrides \fB\-\-coc\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-changelog\fR Add a \fBCHANGELOG\.md\fR file to the root of the generated project\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-changelog\fR: Do not create a \fBCHANGELOG\.md\fR (overrides \fB\-\-changelog\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-ext=c\fR, \fB\-\-ext=rust\fR: Add boilerplate for C or Rust (currently magnus \fIhttps://docs\.rs/magnus\fR based) extension code to the generated project\. This behavior is disabled by default\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-ext\fR: Do not add extension code (overrides \fB\-\-ext\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-git\fR: Initialize a git repo inside your library\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-github\-username=GITHUB_USERNAME\fR: Fill in GitHub username on README so that you don't have to do it manually\. Set a default with \fBbundle config set \-\-global gem\.github_username <your_username>\fR\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-mit\fR: Add an MIT license to a \fBLICENSE\.txt\fR file in the root of the generated project\. Your name from the global git config is used for the copyright statement\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-mit\fR: Do not create a \fBLICENSE\.txt\fR (overrides \fB\-\-mit\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-test=minitest\fR, \fB\-\-test=rspec\fR, \fB\-\-test=test\-unit\fR: Specify the test framework that Bundler should use when generating the project\. Acceptable values are \fBminitest\fR, \fBrspec\fR and \fBtest\-unit\fR\. The \fBGEM_NAME\.gemspec\fR will be configured and a skeleton test/spec directory will be created based on this option\. Given no option is specified:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exe\fR, \fB\-\-bin\fR, \fB\-b\fR
+Specify that Bundler should create a binary executable (as \fBexe/GEM_NAME\fR) in the generated rubygem project\. This binary will also be added to the \fBGEM_NAME\.gemspec\fR manifest\. This behavior is disabled by default\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-exe\fR
+Do not create a binary (overrides \fB\-\-exe\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-coc\fR
+Add a \fBCODE_OF_CONDUCT\.md\fR file to the root of the generated project\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-coc\fR
+Do not create a \fBCODE_OF_CONDUCT\.md\fR (overrides \fB\-\-coc\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-changelog\fR
+Add a \fBCHANGELOG\.md\fR file to the root of the generated project\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\. Update the default with \fBbundle config set \-\-global gem\.changelog <true|false>\fR\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-changelog\fR
+Do not create a \fBCHANGELOG\.md\fR (overrides \fB\-\-changelog\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ext=c\fR, \fB\-\-ext=go\fR, \fB\-\-ext=rust\fR
+Add boilerplate for C, Go (currently go\-gem\-wrapper \fIhttps://github\.com/ruby\-go\-gem/go\-gem\-wrapper\fR based) or Rust (currently magnus \fIhttps://docs\.rs/magnus\fR based) extension code to the generated project\. This behavior is disabled by default\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ext\fR
+Do not add extension code (overrides \fB\-\-ext\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-git\fR
+Initialize a git repo inside your library\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-github\-username=GITHUB_USERNAME\fR
+Fill in GitHub username on README so that you don't have to do it manually\. Set a default with \fBbundle config set \-\-global gem\.github_username <your_username>\fR\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-mit\fR
+Add an MIT license to a \fBLICENSE\.txt\fR file in the root of the generated project\. Your name from the global git config is used for the copyright statement\. If this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-mit\fR
+Do not create a \fBLICENSE\.txt\fR (overrides \fB\-\-mit\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-test=minitest\fR, \fB\-\-test=rspec\fR, \fB\-\-test=test\-unit\fR
+Specify the test framework that Bundler should use when generating the project\. Acceptable values are \fBminitest\fR, \fBrspec\fR and \fBtest\-unit\fR\. The \fBGEM_NAME\.gemspec\fR will be configured and a skeleton test/spec directory will be created based on this option\. Given no option is specified:
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured to generate tests, this defaults to Bundler's global config setting \fBgem\.test\fR\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured to not generate tests, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be used for the current rubygem project\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is unconfigured, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-test\fR: Do not use a test framework (overrides \fB\-\-test\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-changelog\fR: Generate changelog file\. Set a default with \fBbundle config set \-\-global gem\.changelog true\fR\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-ci\fR, \fB\-\-ci=circle\fR, \fB\-\-ci=github\fR, \fB\-\-ci=gitlab\fR: Specify the continuous integration service that Bundler should use when generating the project\. Acceptable values are \fBgithub\fR, \fBgitlab\fR and \fBcircle\fR\. A configuration file will be generated in the project directory\. Given no option is specified:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-test\fR
+Do not use a test framework (overrides \fB\-\-test\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ci\fR, \fB\-\-ci=circle\fR, \fB\-\-ci=github\fR, \fB\-\-ci=gitlab\fR
+Specify the continuous integration service that Bundler should use when generating the project\. Acceptable values are \fBgithub\fR, \fBgitlab\fR and \fBcircle\fR\. A configuration file will be generated in the project directory\. Given no option is specified:
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured to generate CI files, this defaults to Bundler's global config setting \fBgem\.ci\fR\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured to not generate CI files, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be used for the current rubygem project\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is unconfigured, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-ci\fR: Do not use a continuous integration service (overrides \fB\-\-ci\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-linter\fR, \fB\-\-linter=rubocop\fR, \fB\-\-linter=standard\fR: Specify the linter and code formatter that Bundler should add to the project's development dependencies\. Acceptable values are \fBrubocop\fR and \fBstandard\fR\. A configuration file will be generated in the project directory\. Given no option is specified:
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ci\fR
+Do not use a continuous integration service (overrides \fB\-\-ci\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-linter\fR, \fB\-\-linter=rubocop\fR, \fB\-\-linter=standard\fR
+Specify the linter and code formatter that Bundler should add to the project's development dependencies\. Acceptable values are \fBrubocop\fR and \fBstandard\fR\. A configuration file will be generated in the project directory\. Given no option is specified:
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured to add a linter, this defaults to Bundler's global config setting \fBgem\.linter\fR\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is configured not to add a linter, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be used for the current rubygem project\.
 .IP
 When Bundler is unconfigured, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future \fBbundle gem\fR use\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-no\-linter\fR: Do not add a linter (overrides \fB\-\-linter\fR specified in the global config)\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-rubocop\fR: Add rubocop to the generated Rakefile and gemspec\. Set a default with \fBbundle config set \-\-global gem\.rubocop true\fR\.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fB\-\-edit=EDIT\fR, \fB\-e=EDIT\fR: Open the resulting GEM_NAME\.gemspec in EDIT, or the default editor if not specified\. The default is \fB$BUNDLER_EDITOR\fR, \fB$VISUAL\fR, or \fB$EDITOR\fR\.
-.IP "" 0
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-linter\fR
+Do not add a linter (overrides \fB\-\-linter\fR specified in the global config)\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-edit=EDIT\fR, \fB\-e=EDIT\fR
+Open the resulting GEM_NAME\.gemspec in EDIT, or the default editor if not specified\. The default is \fB$BUNDLER_EDITOR\fR, \fB$VISUAL\fR, or \fB$EDITOR\fR\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-bundle\fR
+Run \fBbundle install\fR after creating the gem\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-bundle\fR
+Do not run \fBbundle install\fR after creating the gem\.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .IP "\(bu" 4
 bundle config(1) \fIbundle\-config\.1\.html\fR
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1.ronn
index 13dc55c310..488c8113e4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-gem.1.ronn
@@ -41,17 +41,18 @@ configuration file using the following names:
   Do not create a `CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md` (overrides `--coc` specified in the
   global config).
 
-* `--changelog`
+* `--changelog`:
   Add a `CHANGELOG.md` file to the root of the generated project. If
   this option is unspecified, an interactive prompt will be displayed and the
   answer will be saved in Bundler's global config for future `bundle gem` use.
+  Update the default with `bundle config set --global gem.changelog <true|false>`.
 
 * `--no-changelog`:
   Do not create a `CHANGELOG.md` (overrides `--changelog` specified in the
   global config).
 
-* `--ext=c`, `--ext=rust`:
-  Add boilerplate for C or Rust (currently [magnus](https://docs.rs/magnus) based) extension code to the generated project. This behavior
+* `--ext=c`, `--ext=go`, `--ext=rust`:
+  Add boilerplate for C, Go (currently [go-gem-wrapper](https://github.com/ruby-go-gem/go-gem-wrapper) based) or Rust (currently [magnus](https://docs.rs/magnus) based) extension code to the generated project. This behavior
   is disabled by default.
 
 * `--no-ext`:
@@ -95,9 +96,6 @@ configuration file using the following names:
   Do not use a test framework (overrides `--test` specified in the global
   config).
 
-* `--changelog`:
-  Generate changelog file. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.changelog true`.
-
 * `--ci`, `--ci=circle`, `--ci=github`, `--ci=gitlab`:
   Specify the continuous integration service that Bundler should use when
   generating the project. Acceptable values are `github`, `gitlab`
@@ -137,13 +135,16 @@ configuration file using the following names:
 * `--no-linter`:
   Do not add a linter (overrides `--linter` specified in the global config).
 
-* `--rubocop`:
-  Add rubocop to the generated Rakefile and gemspec. Set a default with `bundle config set --global gem.rubocop true`.
-
 * `--edit=EDIT`, `-e=EDIT`:
   Open the resulting GEM_NAME.gemspec in EDIT, or the default editor if not
   specified. The default is `$BUNDLER_EDITOR`, `$VISUAL`, or `$EDITOR`.
 
+* `--bundle`:
+  Run `bundle install` after creating the gem.
+
+* `--no-bundle`:
+  Do not run `bundle install` after creating the gem.
+
 ## SEE ALSO
 
 * [bundle config(1)](bundle-config.1.html)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-help.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-help.1
index d8dd4660dc..3bcfd047e5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-help.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-help.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-HELP" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-HELP" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-help\fR \- Displays detailed help for each subcommand
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-info.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-info.1
index 8124836519..49c2295f8c 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-info.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-info.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-INFO" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-INFO" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-info\fR \- Show information for the given gem in your bundle
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-init.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-init.1
index 2e4b99b28a..63e2376c3f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-init.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-init.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-INIT" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-INIT" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-init\fR \- Generates a Gemfile into the current working directory
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 54cacaa56d..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-.\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
-.\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-INJECT" "1" "March 2025" ""
-.SH "NAME"
-\fBbundle\-inject\fR \- Add named gem(s) with version requirements to Gemfile
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle inject\fR [GEM] [VERSION] [\-\-source=SOURCE] [\-\-group=GROUP]
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-Adds the named gem(s) with their version requirements to the resolved [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)]\.
-.P
-This command will add the gem to both your [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)] and Gemfile\.lock if it isn't listed yet\.
-.P
-Example:
-.IP "" 4
-.nf
-bundle install
-bundle inject 'rack' '> 0'
-.fi
-.IP "" 0
-.P
-This will inject the 'rack' gem with a version greater than 0 in your [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)] and Gemfile\.lock\.
-.P
-The \fBbundle inject\fR command was deprecated in Bundler 2\.1 and will be removed in Bundler 3\.0\.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.TP
-\fB\-\-source=SOURCE\fR
-Install gem from the given source\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-group=GROUP\fR
-Install gem into a bundler group\.
-
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1.ronn
deleted file mode 100644
index e2a911b6d8..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-inject.1.ronn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-bundle-inject(1) -- Add named gem(s) with version requirements to Gemfile
-=========================================================================
-
-## SYNOPSIS
-
-`bundle inject` [GEM] [VERSION] [--source=SOURCE] [--group=GROUP]
-
-## DESCRIPTION
-
-Adds the named gem(s) with their version requirements to the resolved
-[`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)].
-
-This command will add the gem to both your [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)] and Gemfile.lock if it
-isn't listed yet.
-
-Example:
-
-    bundle install
-    bundle inject 'rack' '> 0'
-
-This will inject the 'rack' gem with a version greater than 0 in your
-[`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)] and Gemfile.lock.
-
-The `bundle inject` command was deprecated in Bundler 2.1 and will be removed in Bundler 3.0.
-
-## OPTIONS
-
-* `--source=SOURCE`:
-  Install gem from the given source.
-
-* `--group=GROUP`:
-  Install gem into a bundler group.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1
index 272f4187ed..801768c7ec 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-INSTALL" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-INSTALL" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-install\fR \- Install the dependencies specified in your Gemfile
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle install\fR [\-\-binstubs[=DIRECTORY]] [\-\-clean] [\-\-deployment] [\-\-frozen] [\-\-full\-index] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] [\-\-jobs=NUMBER] [\-\-local] [\-\-no\-cache] [\-\-no\-prune] [\-\-path PATH] [\-\-prefer\-local] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-redownload] [\-\-retry=NUMBER] [\-\-shebang=SHEBANG] [\-\-standalone[=GROUP[ GROUP\|\.\|\.\|\.]]] [\-\-system] [\-\-trust\-policy=TRUST\-POLICY] [\-\-target\-rbconfig=TARGET\-RBCONFIG] [\-\-with=GROUP[ GROUP\|\.\|\.\|\.]] [\-\-without=GROUP[ GROUP\|\.\|\.\|\.]]
+\fBbundle install\fR [\-\-cooldown=NUMBER] [\-\-force] [\-\-full\-index] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] [\-\-jobs=NUMBER] [\-\-local] [\-\-lockfile=LOCKFILE] [\-\-no\-cache] [\-\-no\-lock] [\-\-prefer\-local] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-retry=NUMBER] [\-\-standalone[=GROUP[ GROUP\|\.\|\.\|\.]]] [\-\-trust\-policy=TRUST\-POLICY] [\-\-target\-rbconfig=TARGET\-RBCONFIG]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Install the gems specified in your Gemfile(5)\. If this is the first time you run bundle install (and a \fBGemfile\.lock\fR does not exist), Bundler will fetch all remote sources, resolve dependencies and install all needed gems\.
 .P
@@ -12,30 +12,12 @@ If a \fBGemfile\.lock\fR does exist, and you have not updated your Gemfile(5), B
 .P
 If a \fBGemfile\.lock\fR does exist, and you have updated your Gemfile(5), Bundler will use the dependencies in the \fBGemfile\.lock\fR for all gems that you did not update, but will re\-resolve the dependencies of gems that you did update\. You can find more information about this update process below under \fICONSERVATIVE UPDATING\fR\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
-The \fB\-\-clean\fR, \fB\-\-deployment\fR, \fB\-\-frozen\fR, \fB\-\-no\-prune\fR, \fB\-\-path\fR, \fB\-\-shebang\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR, \fB\-\-without\fR and \fB\-\-with\fR options are deprecated because they only make sense if they are applied to every subsequent \fBbundle install\fR run automatically and that requires \fBbundler\fR to silently remember them\. Since \fBbundler\fR will no longer remember CLI flags in future versions, \fBbundle config\fR (see bundle\-config(1)) should be used to apply them permanently\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-binstubs[=BINSTUBS]\fR
-Binstubs are scripts that wrap around executables\. Bundler creates a small Ruby file (a binstub) that loads Bundler, runs the command, and puts it in \fBbin/\fR\. This lets you link the binstub inside of an application to the exact gem version the application needs\.
-.IP
-Creates a directory (defaults to \fB~/bin\fR when the option is used without a value, or to the given \fB<BINSTUBS>\fR directory otherwise) and places any executables from the gem there\. These executables run in Bundler's context\. If used, you might add this directory to your environment's \fBPATH\fR variable\. For instance, if the \fBrails\fR gem comes with a \fBrails\fR executable, this flag will create a \fBbin/rails\fR executable that ensures that all referred dependencies will be resolved using the bundled gems\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-clean\fR
-On finishing the installation Bundler is going to remove any gems not present in the current Gemfile(5)\. Don't worry, gems currently in use will not be removed\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBclean\fR setting\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-deployment\fR
-In \fIdeployment mode\fR, Bundler will 'roll\-out' the bundle for production or CI use\. Please check carefully if you want to have this option enabled in your development environment\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBdeployment\fR setting\.
+\fB\-\-cooldown=<number>\fR
+Only consider gem versions published at least \fInumber\fR days ago when resolving\. Pass \fB0\fR to disable cooldown for this run, overriding any per\-source or global configuration\. See \fBcooldown\fR in bundle\-config(1) for details on the precedence between the CLI flag, Bundler config, and Gemfile per\-source settings\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-redownload\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
-Force download every gem, even if the required versions are already available locally\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-frozen\fR
-Do not allow the Gemfile\.lock to be updated after this install\. Exits non\-zero if there are going to be changes to the Gemfile\.lock\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBfrozen\fR setting\.
+\fB\-\-force\fR, \fB\-\-redownload\fR
+Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-full\-index\fR
 Bundler will not call Rubygems' API endpoint (default) but download and cache a (currently big) index file of all gems\. Performance can be improved for large bundles that seldom change by enabling this option\.
@@ -49,21 +31,19 @@ The maximum number of parallel download and install jobs\. The default is the nu
 \fB\-\-local\fR
 Do not attempt to connect to \fBrubygems\.org\fR\. Instead, Bundler will use the gems already present in Rubygems' cache or in \fBvendor/cache\fR\. Note that if an appropriate platform\-specific gem exists on \fBrubygems\.org\fR it will not be found\.
 .TP
+\fB\-\-lockfile=LOCKFILE\fR
+The location of the lockfile which Bundler should use\. This defaults to the Gemfile location with \fB\.lock\fR appended\.
+.TP
 \fB\-\-prefer\-local\fR
 Force using locally installed gems, or gems already present in Rubygems' cache or in \fBvendor/cache\fR, when resolving, even if newer versions are available remotely\. Only attempt to connect to \fBrubygems\.org\fR for gems that are not present locally\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-no\-cache\fR
 Do not update the cache in \fBvendor/cache\fR with the newly bundled gems\. This does not remove any gems in the cache but keeps the newly bundled gems from being cached during the install\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-no\-prune\fR
-Don't remove stale gems from the cache when the installation finishes\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBno_prune\fR setting\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-path=PATH\fR
-The location to install the specified gems to\. This defaults to Rubygems' setting\. Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, \fBgem install \|\.\|\.\|\.\fR will have gem installed there, too\. Therefore, gems installed without a \fB\-\-path \|\.\|\.\|\.\fR setting will show up by calling \fBgem list\fR\. Accordingly, gems installed to other locations will not get listed\.
+\fB\-\-no\-lock\fR
+Do not create a lockfile\. Useful if you want to install dependencies but not lock versions of gems\. Recommended for library development, and other situations where the code is expected to work with a range of dependency versions\.
 .IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBpath\fR setting\.
+This has the same effect as using \fBlockfile false\fR in the Gemfile\. See gemfile(5) for more information\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-quiet\fR
 Do not print progress information to the standard output\.
@@ -71,36 +51,16 @@ Do not print progress information to the standard output\.
 \fB\-\-retry=[<number>]\fR
 Retry failed network or git requests for \fInumber\fR times\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-shebang=SHEBANG\fR
-Uses the specified ruby executable (usually \fBruby\fR) to execute the scripts created with \fB\-\-binstubs\fR\. In addition, if you use \fB\-\-binstubs\fR together with \fB\-\-shebang jruby\fR these executables will be changed to execute \fBjruby\fR instead\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBshebang\fR setting\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-standalone[=<list>]\fR
-Makes a bundle that can work without depending on Rubygems or Bundler at runtime\. A space separated list of groups to install can be specified\. Bundler creates a directory named \fBbundle\fR and installs the bundle there\. It also generates a \fBbundle/bundler/setup\.rb\fR file to replace Bundler's own setup in the manner required\. Using this option implicitly sets \fBpath\fR, which is a [remembered option][REMEMBERED OPTIONS]\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-system\fR
-Installs the gems specified in the bundle to the system's Rubygems location\. This overrides any previous configuration of \fB\-\-path\fR\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBsystem\fR setting\.
+Makes a bundle that can work without depending on Rubygems or Bundler at runtime\. A space separated list of groups to install can be specified\. Bundler creates a directory named \fBbundle\fR and installs the bundle there\. It also generates a \fBbundle/bundler/setup\.rb\fR file to replace Bundler's own setup in the manner required\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-trust\-policy=TRUST\-POLICY\fR
 Apply the Rubygems security policy \fIpolicy\fR, where policy is one of \fBHighSecurity\fR, \fBMediumSecurity\fR, \fBLowSecurity\fR, \fBAlmostNoSecurity\fR, or \fBNoSecurity\fR\. For more details, please see the Rubygems signing documentation linked below in \fISEE ALSO\fR\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-target\-rbconfig=TARGET\-RBCONFIG\fR
 Path to rbconfig\.rb for the deployment target platform\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-with=<list>\fR
-A space\-separated list of groups referencing gems to install\. If an optional group is given it is installed\. If a group is given that is in the remembered list of groups given to \-\-without, it is removed from that list\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBwith\fR setting\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-without=<list>\fR
-A space\-separated list of groups referencing gems to skip during installation\. If a group is given that is in the remembered list of groups given to \-\-with, it is removed from that list\.
-.IP
-This option is deprecated in favor of the \fBwithout\fR setting\.
 .SH "DEPLOYMENT MODE"
-Bundler's defaults are optimized for development\. To switch to defaults optimized for deployment and for CI, use the \fB\-\-deployment\fR flag\. Do not activate deployment mode on development machines, as it will cause an error when the Gemfile(5) is modified\.
+Bundler's defaults are optimized for development\. To switch to defaults optimized for deployment and for CI, use the \fBdeployment\fR setting\. Do not activate deployment mode on development machines, as it will cause an error when the Gemfile(5) is modified\.
 .IP "1." 4
 A \fBGemfile\.lock\fR is required\.
 .IP
@@ -120,14 +80,14 @@ In development, it's convenient to share the gems used in your application with
 .IP
 In deployment, isolation is a more important default\. In addition, the user deploying the application may not have permission to install gems to the system, or the web server may not have permission to read them\.
 .IP
-As a result, \fBbundle install \-\-deployment\fR installs gems to the \fBvendor/bundle\fR directory in the application\. This may be overridden using the \fB\-\-path\fR option\.
+As a result, when \fBdeployment\fR is configured, \fBbundle install\fR installs gems to the \fBvendor/bundle\fR directory in the application\. This may be overridden using the \fBpath\fR setting\.
 .IP "" 0
 .SH "INSTALLING GROUPS"
 By default, \fBbundle install\fR will install all gems in all groups in your Gemfile(5), except those declared for a different platform\.
 .P
-However, you can explicitly tell Bundler to skip installing certain groups with the \fB\-\-without\fR option\. This option takes a space\-separated list of groups\.
+However, you can explicitly tell Bundler to skip installing certain groups with the \fBwithout\fR setting\. This setting takes a space\-separated list of groups\.
 .P
-While the \fB\-\-without\fR option will skip \fIinstalling\fR the gems in the specified groups, it will still \fIdownload\fR those gems and use them to resolve the dependencies of every gem in your Gemfile(5)\.
+While the \fBwithout\fR setting will skip \fIinstalling\fR the gems in the specified groups, \fBbundle install\fR will still \fIdownload\fR those gems and use them to resolve the dependencies of every gem in your Gemfile(5)\.
 .P
 This is so that installing a different set of groups on another machine (such as a production server) will not change the gems and versions that you have already developed and tested against\.
 .P
@@ -148,7 +108,7 @@ end
 .P
 In this case, \fBsinatra\fR depends on any version of Rack (\fB>= 1\.0\fR), while \fBrack\-perftools\-profiler\fR depends on 1\.x (\fB~> 1\.0\fR)\.
 .P
-When you run \fBbundle install \-\-without production\fR in development, we look at the dependencies of \fBrack\-perftools\-profiler\fR as well\. That way, you do not spend all your time developing against Rack 2\.0, using new APIs unavailable in Rack 1\.x, only to have Bundler switch to Rack 1\.2 when the \fBproduction\fR group \fIis\fR used\.
+When you configure \fBbundle config without production\fR in development, we look at the dependencies of \fBrack\-perftools\-profiler\fR as well\. That way, you do not spend all your time developing against Rack 2\.0, using new APIs unavailable in Rack 1\.x, only to have Bundler switch to Rack 1\.2 when the \fBproduction\fR group \fIis\fR used\.
 .P
 This should not cause any problems in practice, because we do not attempt to \fBinstall\fR the gems in the excluded groups, and only evaluate as part of the dependency resolution process\.
 .P
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1.ronn
index a3606826df..56fd8bdf42 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-install.1.ronn
@@ -3,28 +3,21 @@ bundle-install(1) -- Install the dependencies specified in your Gemfile
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle install` [--binstubs[=DIRECTORY]]
-                 [--clean]
-                 [--deployment]
-                 [--frozen]
+`bundle install` [--cooldown=NUMBER]
+                 [--force]
                  [--full-index]
                  [--gemfile=GEMFILE]
                  [--jobs=NUMBER]
                  [--local]
+                 [--lockfile=LOCKFILE]
                  [--no-cache]
-                 [--no-prune]
-                 [--path PATH]
+                 [--no-lock]
                  [--prefer-local]
                  [--quiet]
-                 [--redownload]
                  [--retry=NUMBER]
-                 [--shebang=SHEBANG]
                  [--standalone[=GROUP[ GROUP...]]]
-                 [--system]
                  [--trust-policy=TRUST-POLICY]
                  [--target-rbconfig=TARGET-RBCONFIG]
-                 [--with=GROUP[ GROUP...]]
-                 [--without=GROUP[ GROUP...]]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -45,50 +38,15 @@ update process below under [CONSERVATIVE UPDATING][].
 
 ## OPTIONS
 
-The `--clean`, `--deployment`, `--frozen`, `--no-prune`, `--path`, `--shebang`,
-`--system`, `--without` and `--with` options are deprecated because they only
-make sense if they are applied to every subsequent `bundle install` run
-automatically and that requires `bundler` to silently remember them. Since
-`bundler` will no longer remember CLI flags in future versions, `bundle config`
-(see bundle-config(1)) should be used to apply them permanently.
+* `--cooldown=<number>`:
+  Only consider gem versions published at least <number> days ago when
+  resolving. Pass `0` to disable cooldown for this run, overriding any
+  per-source or global configuration. See `cooldown` in bundle-config(1)
+  for details on the precedence between the CLI flag, Bundler config,
+  and Gemfile per-source settings.
 
-* `--binstubs[=BINSTUBS]`:
-  Binstubs are scripts that wrap around executables. Bundler creates a small Ruby
-  file (a binstub) that loads Bundler, runs the command, and puts it in `bin/`.
-  This lets you link the binstub inside of an application to the exact gem
-  version the application needs.
-
-  Creates a directory (defaults to `~/bin` when the option is used without a
-  value, or to the given `<BINSTUBS>` directory otherwise) and places any
-  executables from the gem there. These executables run in Bundler's context. If
-  used, you might add this directory to your environment's `PATH` variable. For
-  instance, if the `rails` gem comes with a `rails` executable, this flag will
-  create a `bin/rails` executable that ensures that all referred dependencies
-  will be resolved using the bundled gems.
-
-* `--clean`:
-  On finishing the installation Bundler is going to remove any gems not present
-  in the current Gemfile(5). Don't worry, gems currently in use will not be
-  removed.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `clean` setting.
-
-* `--deployment`:
-  In [deployment mode][DEPLOYMENT MODE], Bundler will 'roll-out' the bundle for
-  production or CI use. Please check carefully if you want to have this option
-  enabled in your development environment.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `deployment` setting.
-
-* `--redownload`, `--force`:
-  Force download every gem, even if the required versions are already available
-  locally.
-
-* `--frozen`:
-  Do not allow the Gemfile.lock to be updated after this install. Exits
-  non-zero if there are going to be changes to the Gemfile.lock.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `frozen` setting.
+* `--force`, `--redownload`:
+  Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed.
 
 * `--full-index`:
   Bundler will not call Rubygems' API endpoint (default) but download and cache
@@ -112,6 +70,10 @@ automatically and that requires `bundler` to silently remember them. Since
   appropriate platform-specific gem exists on `rubygems.org` it will not be
   found.
 
+* `--lockfile=LOCKFILE`:
+  The location of the lockfile which Bundler should use. This defaults
+  to the Gemfile location with `.lock` appended.
+
 * `--prefer-local`:
   Force using locally installed gems, or gems already present in Rubygems' cache
   or in `vendor/cache`, when resolving, even if newer versions are available
@@ -123,19 +85,14 @@ automatically and that requires `bundler` to silently remember them. Since
   does not remove any gems in the cache but keeps the newly bundled gems from
   being cached during the install.
 
-* `--no-prune`:
-  Don't remove stale gems from the cache when the installation finishes.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `no_prune` setting.
+* `--no-lock`:
+  Do not create a lockfile. Useful if you want to install dependencies but not
+  lock versions of gems. Recommended for library development, and other
+  situations where the code is expected to work with a range of dependency
+  versions.
 
-* `--path=PATH`:
-  The location to install the specified gems to. This defaults to Rubygems'
-  setting. Bundler shares this location with Rubygems, `gem install ...` will
-  have gem installed there, too. Therefore, gems installed without a
-  `--path ...` setting will show up by calling `gem list`. Accordingly, gems
-  installed to other locations will not get listed.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `path` setting.
+  This has the same effect as using `lockfile false` in the Gemfile.
+  See gemfile(5) for more information.
 
 * `--quiet`:
   Do not print progress information to the standard output.
@@ -143,27 +100,12 @@ automatically and that requires `bundler` to silently remember them. Since
 * `--retry=[<number>]`:
   Retry failed network or git requests for <number> times.
 
-* `--shebang=SHEBANG`:
-  Uses the specified ruby executable (usually `ruby`) to execute the scripts
-  created with `--binstubs`. In addition, if you use `--binstubs` together with
-  `--shebang jruby` these executables will be changed to execute `jruby`
-  instead.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `shebang` setting.
-
 * `--standalone[=<list>]`:
   Makes a bundle that can work without depending on Rubygems or Bundler at
   runtime. A space separated list of groups to install can be specified.
   Bundler creates a directory named `bundle` and installs the bundle there. It
   also generates a `bundle/bundler/setup.rb` file to replace Bundler's own setup
-  in the manner required. Using this option implicitly sets `path`, which is a
-  [remembered option][REMEMBERED OPTIONS].
-
-* `--system`:
-  Installs the gems specified in the bundle to the system's Rubygems location.
-  This overrides any previous configuration of `--path`.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `system` setting.
+  in the manner required.
 
 * `--trust-policy=TRUST-POLICY`:
   Apply the Rubygems security policy <policy>, where policy is one of
@@ -174,26 +116,11 @@ automatically and that requires `bundler` to silently remember them. Since
 * `--target-rbconfig=TARGET-RBCONFIG`:
   Path to rbconfig.rb for the deployment target platform.
 
-* `--with=<list>`:
-  A space-separated list of groups referencing gems to install. If an
-  optional group is given it is installed. If a group is given that is
-  in the remembered list of groups given to --without, it is removed
-  from that list.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `with` setting.
-
-* `--without=<list>`:
-  A space-separated list of groups referencing gems to skip during installation.
-  If a group is given that is in the remembered list of groups given
-  to --with, it is removed from that list.
-
-  This option is deprecated in favor of the `without` setting.
-
 ## DEPLOYMENT MODE
 
 Bundler's defaults are optimized for development. To switch to
-defaults optimized for deployment and for CI, use the `--deployment`
-flag. Do not activate deployment mode on development machines, as it
+defaults optimized for deployment and for CI, use the `deployment`
+setting. Do not activate deployment mode on development machines, as it
 will cause an error when the Gemfile(5) is modified.
 
 1. A `Gemfile.lock` is required.
@@ -225,9 +152,9 @@ will cause an error when the Gemfile(5) is modified.
    gems to the system, or the web server may not have permission to
    read them.
 
-   As a result, `bundle install --deployment` installs gems to
-   the `vendor/bundle` directory in the application. This may be
-   overridden using the `--path` option.
+   As a result, when `deployment` is configured, `bundle install` installs gems
+   to the `vendor/bundle` directory in the application. This may be
+   overridden using the `path` setting.
 
 ## INSTALLING GROUPS
 
@@ -235,12 +162,12 @@ By default, `bundle install` will install all gems in all groups
 in your Gemfile(5), except those declared for a different platform.
 
 However, you can explicitly tell Bundler to skip installing
-certain groups with the `--without` option. This option takes
+certain groups with the `without` setting. This setting takes
 a space-separated list of groups.
 
-While the `--without` option will skip _installing_ the gems in the
-specified groups, it will still _download_ those gems and use them to
-resolve the dependencies of every gem in your Gemfile(5).
+While the `without` setting will skip _installing_ the gems in the
+specified groups, `bundle install` will still _download_ those gems and use them
+to resolve the dependencies of every gem in your Gemfile(5).
 
 This is so that installing a different set of groups on another
  machine (such as a production server) will not change the
@@ -266,7 +193,7 @@ For a simple illustration, consider the following Gemfile(5):
 In this case, `sinatra` depends on any version of Rack (`>= 1.0`), while
 `rack-perftools-profiler` depends on 1.x (`~> 1.0`).
 
-When you run `bundle install --without production` in development, we
+When you configure `bundle config without production` in development, we
 look at the dependencies of `rack-perftools-profiler` as well. That way,
 you do not spend all your time developing against Rack 2.0, using new
 APIs unavailable in Rack 1.x, only to have Bundler switch to Rack 1.2
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-issue.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-issue.1
index 02d28c91ba..3af277ef86 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-issue.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-issue.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-ISSUE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-ISSUE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-issue\fR \- Get help reporting Bundler issues
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-licenses.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-licenses.1
index d0dbf3913c..ab5996d2be 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-licenses.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-licenses.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-LICENSES" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-LICENSES" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-licenses\fR \- Print the license of all gems in the bundle
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1
index cd09ccab31..e759e0d449 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-LIST" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-LIST" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-list\fR \- List all the gems in the bundle
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ bundle list \-\-without\-group test
 bundle list \-\-only\-group dev
 .P
 bundle list \-\-only\-group dev test \-\-paths
+.P
+bundle list \-\-format json
 .SH "OPTIONS"
 .TP
 \fB\-\-name\-only\fR
@@ -32,4 +34,7 @@ A space\-separated list of groups of gems to skip during printing\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-only\-group=<list>\fR
 A space\-separated list of groups of gems to print\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-format=FORMAT\fR
+Format output ('json' is the only supported format)
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1.ronn
index 81bee0ac33..9ec2b13282 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-list.1.ronn
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ bundle list --only-group dev
 
 bundle list --only-group dev test --paths
 
+bundle list --format json
+
 ## OPTIONS
 
 * `--name-only`:
@@ -34,3 +36,6 @@ bundle list --only-group dev test --paths
 
 * `--only-group=<list>`:
   A space-separated list of groups of gems to print.
+
+* `--format=FORMAT`:
+  Format output ('json' is the only supported format)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-lock.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-lock.1
index 8c9b94e8e2..396c8ff6ca 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-lock.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-lock.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-LOCK" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-LOCK" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-lock\fR \- Creates / Updates a lockfile without installing
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-open.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-open.1
index eb4ac2e859..2aab59f14b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-open.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-open.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-OPEN" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-OPEN" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-open\fR \- Opens the source directory for a gem in your bundle
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1
index 4f8a2cc56f..c2f8086e24 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-OUTDATED" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-OUTDATED" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-outdated\fR \- List installed gems with newer versions available
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle outdated\fR [GEM] [\-\-local] [\-\-pre] [\-\-source] [\-\-filter\-strict | \-\-strict] [\-\-update\-strict] [\-\-parseable | \-\-porcelain] [\-\-group=GROUP] [\-\-groups] [\-\-patch|\-\-minor|\-\-major] [\-\-filter\-major] [\-\-filter\-minor] [\-\-filter\-patch] [\-\-only\-explicit]
+\fBbundle outdated\fR [GEM] [\-\-local] [\-\-pre] [\-\-source] [\-\-filter\-strict | \-\-strict] [\-\-update\-strict] [\-\-parseable | \-\-porcelain] [\-\-group=GROUP] [\-\-groups] [\-\-patch|\-\-minor|\-\-major] [\-\-filter\-major] [\-\-filter\-minor] [\-\-filter\-patch] [\-\-only\-explicit] [\-\-cooldown=NUMBER]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Outdated lists the names and versions of gems that have a newer version available in the given source\. Calling outdated with [GEM [GEM]] will only check for newer versions of the given gems\. Prerelease gems are ignored by default\. If your gems are up to date, Bundler will exit with a status of 0\. Otherwise, it will exit 1\.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ Only list patch newer versions\.
 .TP
 \fB\-\-only\-explicit\fR
 Only list gems specified in your Gemfile, not their dependencies\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-cooldown=<number>\fR
+Annotate (rather than hide) versions that are still inside the cooldown window of \fInumber\fR days\. The prose output appends "in cooldown for Nd more days" and the table form adds "(cooldown Nd)" to the Latest column\. See \fBcooldown\fR in bundle\-config(1)\.
 .SH "PATCH LEVEL OPTIONS"
 See bundle update(1) \fIbundle\-update\.1\.html\fR for details\.
 .SH "FILTERING OUTPUT"
@@ -61,42 +64,42 @@ The 3 filtering options do not affect the resolution of versions, merely what ve
 If the regular output shows the following:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test
-* hashie    1\.2\.0    3\.4\.6   = 1\.2\.0    default
-* headless  2\.2\.3    2\.3\.1   = 2\.2\.3    test
+* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test   2024\-02\-05
+* hashie    1\.2\.0    3\.4\.6   = 1\.2\.0    default             2023\-11\-10
+* headless  2\.2\.3    2\.3\.1   = 2\.2\.3    test                2022\-08\-19
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
 \fB\-\-filter\-major\fR would only show:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-* hashie    1\.2\.0    3\.4\.6   = 1\.2\.0    default
+* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups   Release Date
+* hashie    1\.2\.0    3\.4\.6   = 1\.2\.0    default  2023\-11\-10
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
 \fB\-\-filter\-minor\fR would only show:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-* headless  2\.2\.3    2\.3\.1   = 2\.2\.3    test
+* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups  Release Date
+* headless  2\.2\.3    2\.3\.1   = 2\.2\.3    test    2022\-08\-19
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
 \fB\-\-filter\-patch\fR would only show:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test
+* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test   2024\-02\-05
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
 Filter options can be combined\. \fB\-\-filter\-minor\fR and \fB\-\-filter\-patch\fR would show:
 .IP "" 4
 .nf
-* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test
+* Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+* faker     1\.6\.5    1\.6\.6   ~> 1\.4     development, test   2024\-02\-05
 .fi
 .IP "" 0
 .P
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1.ronn
index 6f67a31977..e5badac2e9 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-outdated.1.ronn
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ bundle-outdated(1) -- List installed gems with newer versions available
                         [--filter-minor]
                         [--filter-patch]
                         [--only-explicit]
+                        [--cooldown=NUMBER]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -71,6 +72,12 @@ are up to date, Bundler will exit with a status of 0. Otherwise, it will exit 1.
 * `--only-explicit`:
   Only list gems specified in your Gemfile, not their dependencies.
 
+* `--cooldown=<number>`:
+  Annotate (rather than hide) versions that are still inside the
+  cooldown window of <number> days. The prose output appends "in
+  cooldown for Nd more days" and the table form adds "(cooldown Nd)" to
+  the Latest column. See `cooldown` in bundle-config(1).
+
 ## PATCH LEVEL OPTIONS
 
 See [bundle update(1)](bundle-update.1.html) for details.
@@ -82,29 +89,29 @@ in the output.
 
 If the regular output shows the following:
 
-    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test
-    * hashie    1.2.0    3.4.6   = 1.2.0    default
-    * headless  2.2.3    2.3.1   = 2.2.3    test
+    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test   2024-02-05
+    * hashie    1.2.0    3.4.6   = 1.2.0    default             2023-11-10
+    * headless  2.2.3    2.3.1   = 2.2.3    test                2022-08-19
 
 `--filter-major` would only show:
 
-    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-    * hashie    1.2.0    3.4.6   = 1.2.0    default
+    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups   Release Date
+    * hashie    1.2.0    3.4.6   = 1.2.0    default  2023-11-10
 
 `--filter-minor` would only show:
 
-    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-    * headless  2.2.3    2.3.1   = 2.2.3    test
+    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups  Release Date
+    * headless  2.2.3    2.3.1   = 2.2.3    test    2022-08-19
 
 `--filter-patch` would only show:
 
-    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test
+    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test   2024-02-05
 
 Filter options can be combined. `--filter-minor` and `--filter-patch` would show:
 
-    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups
-    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test
+    * Gem       Current  Latest  Requested  Groups              Release Date
+    * faker     1.6.5    1.6.6   ~> 1.4     development, test   2024-02-05
 
 Combining all three `filter` options would be the same result as providing none of them.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-platform.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-platform.1
index bdac52f937..39b7111263 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-platform.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-platform.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-PLATFORM" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-PLATFORM" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-platform\fR \- Displays platform compatibility information
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1
index ded328dbd8..d182c7789b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-PLUGIN" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-PLUGIN" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-plugin\fR \- Manage Bundler plugins
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle plugin\fR install PLUGINS [\-\-source=\fISOURCE\fR] [\-\-version=\fIversion\fR] [\-\-git=\fIgit\-url\fR] [\-\-branch=\fIbranch\fR|\-\-ref=\fIrev\fR] [\-\-path=\fIpath\fR]
+\fBbundle plugin\fR install PLUGINS [\-\-source=SOURCE] [\-\-version=VERSION] [\-\-git=GIT] [\-\-branch=BRANCH|\-\-ref=REF] [\-\-path=PATH]
 .br
-\fBbundle plugin\fR uninstall PLUGINS
+\fBbundle plugin\fR uninstall PLUGINS [\-\-all]
 .br
 \fBbundle plugin\fR list
 .br
@@ -16,18 +16,23 @@ You can install, uninstall, and list plugin(s) with this command to extend funct
 .SH "SUB\-COMMANDS"
 .SS "install"
 Install the given plugin(s)\.
+.P
+For example, \fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph\fR will install bundler\-graph gem from globally configured sources (defaults to RubyGems\.org)\. Note that the global source specified in Gemfile is ignored\.
+.P
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
 .TP
-\fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph\fR
-Install bundler\-graph gem from globally configured sources (defaults to RubyGems\.org)\. The global source, specified in source in Gemfile is ignored\.
-.TP
-\fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-source https://example\.com\fR
-Install bundler\-graph gem from example\.com\. The global source, specified in source in Gemfile is not considered\.
+\fB\-\-source=SOURCE\fR
+Install the plugin gem from a specific source, rather than from globally configured sources\.
+.IP
+Example: \fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-source https://example\.com\fR
 .TP
-\fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-version 0\.2\.1\fR
-You can specify the version of the gem via \fB\-\-version\fR\.
+\fB\-\-version=VERSION\fR
+Specify a version of the plugin gem to install via \fB\-\-version\fR\.
+.IP
+Example: \fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-version 0\.2\.1\fR
 .TP
-\fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-git https://github\.com/rubygems/bundler\-graph\fR
-Install bundler\-graph gem from Git repository\. You can use standard Git URLs like:
+\fB\-\-git=GIT\fR
+Install the plugin gem from a Git repository\. You can use standard Git URLs like:
 .IP
 \fBssh://[user@]host\.xz[:port]/path/to/repo\.git\fR
 .br
@@ -37,12 +42,25 @@ Install bundler\-graph gem from Git repository\. You can use standard Git URLs l
 .br
 \fBfile:///path/to/repo\fR
 .IP
-When you specify \fB\-\-git\fR, you can use \fB\-\-branch\fR or \fB\-\-ref\fR to specify any branch, tag, or commit hash (revision) to use\.
+Example: \fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-git https://github\.com/rubygems/bundler\-graph\fR
 .TP
-\fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-path \.\./bundler\-graph\fR
-Install bundler\-graph gem from a local path\.
+\fB\-\-branch=BRANCH\fR
+When you specify \fB\-\-git\fR, you can use \fB\-\-branch\fR to use\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ref=REF\fR
+When you specify \fB\-\-git\fR, you can use \fB\-\-ref\fR to specify any tag, or commit hash (revision) to use\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-path=PATH\fR
+Install the plugin gem from a local path\.
+.IP
+Example: \fBbundle plugin install bundler\-graph \-\-path \.\./bundler\-graph\fR
 .SS "uninstall"
 Uninstall the plugin(s) specified in PLUGINS\.
+.P
+\fBOPTIONS\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-all\fR
+Uninstall all the installed plugins\. If no plugin is installed, then it does nothing\.
 .SS "list"
 List the installed plugins and available commands\.
 .P
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1.ronn
index b0a34660ea..b54e0c08b4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-plugin.1.ronn
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ bundle-plugin(1) -- Manage Bundler plugins
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle plugin` install PLUGINS [--source=<SOURCE>] [--version=<version>]
-                              [--git=<git-url>] [--branch=<branch>|--ref=<rev>]
-                              [--path=<path>]<br>
-`bundle plugin` uninstall PLUGINS<br>
+`bundle plugin` install PLUGINS [--source=SOURCE] [--version=VERSION]
+                              [--git=GIT] [--branch=BRANCH|--ref=REF]
+                              [--path=PATH]<br>
+`bundle plugin` uninstall PLUGINS [--all]<br>
 `bundle plugin` list<br>
 `bundle plugin` help [COMMAND]
 
@@ -20,32 +20,53 @@ You can install, uninstall, and list plugin(s) with this command to extend funct
 
 Install the given plugin(s).
 
-* `bundle plugin install bundler-graph`:
-  Install bundler-graph gem from globally configured sources (defaults to RubyGems.org). The global source, specified in source in Gemfile is ignored.
+For example, `bundle plugin install bundler-graph` will install bundler-graph
+gem from globally configured sources (defaults to RubyGems.org). Note that the
+global source specified in Gemfile is ignored.
 
-* `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --source https://example.com`:
-  Install bundler-graph gem from example.com. The global source, specified in source in Gemfile is not considered.
+**OPTIONS**
 
-* `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --version 0.2.1`:
-  You can specify the version of the gem via `--version`.
+* `--source=SOURCE`:
+  Install the plugin gem from a specific source, rather than from globally configured sources.
 
-* `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --git https://github.com/rubygems/bundler-graph`:
-  Install bundler-graph gem from Git repository. You can use standard Git URLs like:
+  Example: `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --source https://example.com`
+
+* `--version=VERSION`:
+  Specify a version of the plugin gem to install via `--version`.
+
+  Example: `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --version 0.2.1`
+
+* `--git=GIT`:
+  Install the plugin gem from a Git repository. You can use standard Git URLs like:
 
   `ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git`<br>
   `http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git`<br>
   `/path/to/repo`<br>
   `file:///path/to/repo`
 
-  When you specify `--git`, you can use `--branch` or `--ref` to specify any branch, tag, or commit hash (revision) to use.
+  Example: `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --git https://github.com/rubygems/bundler-graph`
+
+* `--branch=BRANCH`:
+  When you specify `--git`, you can use `--branch`  to use.
 
-* `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --path ../bundler-graph`:
-  Install bundler-graph gem from a local path.
+* `--ref=REF`:
+  When you specify `--git`, you can use `--ref` to specify any tag, or commit
+  hash (revision) to use.
+
+* `--path=PATH`:
+  Install the plugin gem from a local path.
+
+  Example: `bundle plugin install bundler-graph --path ../bundler-graph`
 
 ### uninstall
 
 Uninstall the plugin(s) specified in PLUGINS.
 
+**OPTIONS**
+
+* `--all`:
+  Uninstall all the installed plugins. If no plugin is installed, then it does nothing.
+
 ### list
 
 List the installed plugins and available commands.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-pristine.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-pristine.1
index 294ef179a7..f6cc066571 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-pristine.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-pristine.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-PRISTINE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-PRISTINE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-pristine\fR \- Restores installed gems to their pristine condition
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1
index 2e42a12de3..2ca40e74db 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1
@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-REMOVE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-REMOVE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-remove\fR \- Removes gems from the Gemfile
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle remove [GEM [GEM \|\.\|\.\|\.]] [\-\-install]\fR
+`bundle remove [GEM [GEM \|\.\|\.\|\.]]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Removes the given gems from the Gemfile while ensuring that the resulting Gemfile is still valid\. If a gem cannot be removed, a warning is printed\. If a gem is already absent from the Gemfile, and error is raised\.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.TP
-\fB\-\-install\fR
-Runs \fBbundle install\fR after the given gems have been removed from the Gemfile, which ensures that both the lockfile and the installed gems on disk are also updated to remove the given gem(s)\.
 .P
 Example:
 .P
 bundle remove rails
 .P
 bundle remove rails rack
-.P
-bundle remove rails rack \-\-install
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1.ronn
index ceb1a980be..49cb4dc1fd 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-remove.1.ronn
@@ -3,21 +3,14 @@ bundle-remove(1) -- Removes gems from the Gemfile
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`bundle remove [GEM [GEM ...]] [--install]`
+`bundle remove [GEM [GEM ...]]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
 Removes the given gems from the Gemfile while ensuring that the resulting Gemfile is still valid. If a gem cannot be removed, a warning is printed. If a gem is already absent from the Gemfile, and error is raised.
 
-## OPTIONS
-
-* `--install`:
-  Runs `bundle install` after the given gems have been removed from the Gemfile, which ensures that both the lockfile and the installed gems on disk are also updated to remove the given gem(s).
-
 Example:
 
 bundle remove rails
 
 bundle remove rails rack
-
-bundle remove rails rack --install
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1
index d460e7a256..a2142694b8 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-SHOW" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-SHOW" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-show\fR \- Shows all the gems in your bundle, or the path to a gem
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle show\fR [GEM] [\-\-paths] [\-\-outdated]
+\fBbundle show\fR [GEM] [\-\-paths]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Without the [GEM] option, \fBshow\fR will print a list of the names and versions of all gems that are required by your [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)], sorted by name\.
 .P
@@ -13,7 +13,4 @@ Calling show with [GEM] will list the exact location of that gem on your machine
 .TP
 \fB\-\-paths\fR
 List the paths of all gems that are required by your [\fBGemfile(5)\fR][Gemfile(5)], sorted by gem name\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-outdated\fR
-Show verbose output including whether gems are outdated\.
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1.ronn
index 6e80b04696..a6a59a1445 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-show.1.ronn
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ bundle-show(1) -- Shows all the gems in your bundle, or the path to a gem
 
 `bundle show` [GEM]
               [--paths]
-              [--outdated]
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -20,6 +19,3 @@ machine.
 * `--paths`:
   List the paths of all gems that are required by your [`Gemfile(5)`][Gemfile(5)],
   sorted by gem name.
-
-* `--outdated`:
-  Show verbose output including whether gems are outdated.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1
index 855a5049aa..94161083fc 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-UPDATE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-UPDATE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-update\fR \- Update your gems to the latest available versions
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle update\fR \fI*gems\fR [\-\-all] [\-\-group=NAME] [\-\-source=NAME] [\-\-local] [\-\-ruby] [\-\-bundler[=VERSION]] [\-\-full\-index] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] [\-\-jobs=NUMBER] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-patch|\-\-minor|\-\-major] [\-\-pre] [\-\-redownload] [\-\-strict] [\-\-conservative]
+\fBbundle update\fR \fI*gems\fR [\-\-all] [\-\-group=NAME] [\-\-source=NAME] [\-\-local] [\-\-ruby] [\-\-bundler[=VERSION]] [\-\-cooldown=NUMBER] [\-\-force] [\-\-full\-index] [\-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] [\-\-jobs=NUMBER] [\-\-quiet] [\-\-patch|\-\-minor|\-\-major] [\-\-pre] [\-\-strict] [\-\-conservative]
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 Update the gems specified (all gems, if \fB\-\-all\fR flag is used), ignoring the previously installed gems specified in the \fBGemfile\.lock\fR\. In general, you should use bundle install(1) \fIbundle\-install\.1\.html\fR to install the same exact gems and versions across machines\.
 .P
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ Update the locked version of Ruby to the current version of Ruby\.
 \fB\-\-bundler[=BUNDLER]\fR
 Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler version\.
 .TP
+\fB\-\-force\fR, \fB\-\-redownload\fR
+Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed\.
+.TP
 \fB\-\-full\-index\fR
 Fall back to using the single\-file index of all gems\.
 .TP
@@ -44,9 +47,6 @@ Retry failed network or git requests for \fInumber\fR times\.
 \fB\-\-quiet\fR
 Only output warnings and errors\.
 .TP
-\fB\-\-redownload\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
-Force downloading every gem\.
-.TP
 \fB\-\-patch\fR
 Prefer updating only to next patch version\.
 .TP
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest \fB\-\-patch\fR | \fB\-\-minor\fR
 .TP
 \fB\-\-conservative\fR
 Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow indirect dependencies to be updated\.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-cooldown=<number>\fR
+Only consider gem versions published at least \fInumber\fR days ago when resolving\. Pass \fB0\fR to disable cooldown for this run, overriding any per\-source or global configuration\. Combine with \fB\-\-conservative\fR to minimize transitive churn when bypassing cooldown for an urgent update\. See \fBcooldown\fR in bundle\-config(1)\.
 .SH "UPDATING ALL GEMS"
 If you run \fBbundle update \-\-all\fR, bundler will ignore any previously installed gems and resolve all dependencies again based on the latest versions of all gems available in the sources\.
 .P
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1.ronn
index 1b8b31951d..72fbf054d1 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-update.1.ronn
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ bundle-update(1) -- Update your gems to the latest available versions
                         [--local]
                         [--ruby]
                         [--bundler[=VERSION]]
+                        [--cooldown=NUMBER]
+                        [--force]
                         [--full-index]
                         [--gemfile=GEMFILE]
                         [--jobs=NUMBER]
                         [--quiet]
                         [--patch|--minor|--major]
                         [--pre]
-                        [--redownload]
                         [--strict]
                         [--conservative]
 
@@ -54,6 +55,9 @@ gem.
 * `--bundler[=BUNDLER]`:
   Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler version.
 
+* `--force`, `--redownload`:
+  Force reinstalling every gem, even if already installed.
+
 * `--full-index`:
   Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems.
 
@@ -70,9 +74,6 @@ gem.
 * `--quiet`:
   Only output warnings and errors.
 
-* `--redownload`, `--force`:
-  Force downloading every gem.
-
 * `--patch`:
   Prefer updating only to next patch version.
 
@@ -91,6 +92,13 @@ gem.
 * `--conservative`:
   Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow indirect dependencies to be updated.
 
+* `--cooldown=<number>`:
+  Only consider gem versions published at least <number> days ago when
+  resolving. Pass `0` to disable cooldown for this run, overriding any
+  per-source or global configuration. Combine with `--conservative` to
+  minimize transitive churn when bypassing cooldown for an urgent
+  update. See `cooldown` in bundle-config(1).
+
 ## UPDATING ALL GEMS
 
 If you run `bundle update --all`, bundler will ignore
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-version.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-version.1
index 17add566d8..751a408312 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-version.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-version.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-VERSION" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE\-VERSION" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\-version\fR \- Prints Bundler version information
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 17e6f90cca..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-.\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
-.\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE\-VIZ" "1" "March 2025" ""
-.SH "NAME"
-\fBbundle\-viz\fR \- Generates a visual dependency graph for your Gemfile
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbundle viz\fR [\-\-file=FILE] [\-\-format=FORMAT] [\-\-requirements] [\-\-version] [\-\-without=GROUP GROUP]
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-\fBviz\fR generates a PNG file of the current \fBGemfile(5)\fR as a dependency graph\. \fBviz\fR requires the ruby\-graphviz gem (and its dependencies)\.
-.P
-The associated gems must also be installed via \fBbundle install(1)\fR \fIbundle\-install\.1\.html\fR\.
-.P
-\fBviz\fR command was deprecated in Bundler 2\.2\. Use bundler\-graph plugin \fIhttps://github\.com/rubygems/bundler\-graph\fR instead\.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.TP
-\fB\-\-file=FILE\fR, \fB\-f=FILE\fR
-The name to use for the generated file\. See \fB\-\-format\fR option
-.TP
-\fB\-\-format=FORMAT\fR, \fB\-F=FORMAT\fR
-This is output format option\. Supported format is png, jpg, svg, dot \|\.\|\.\|\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-requirements\fR, \fB\-R\fR
-Set to show the version of each required dependency\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-version\fR, \fB\-v\fR
-Set to show each gem version\.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-without=<list>\fR, \fB\-W=<list>\fR
-Exclude gems that are part of the specified named group\.
-
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1.ronn
deleted file mode 100644
index 730b0eed22..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle-viz.1.ronn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-bundle-viz(1) -- Generates a visual dependency graph for your Gemfile
-=====================================================================
-
-## SYNOPSIS
-
-`bundle viz` [--file=FILE]
-             [--format=FORMAT]
-             [--requirements]
-             [--version]
-             [--without=GROUP GROUP]
-
-## DESCRIPTION
-
-`viz` generates a PNG file of the current `Gemfile(5)` as a dependency graph.
-`viz` requires the ruby-graphviz gem (and its dependencies).
-
-The associated gems must also be installed via [`bundle install(1)`](bundle-install.1.html).
-
-`viz` command was deprecated in Bundler 2.2. Use [bundler-graph plugin](https://github.com/rubygems/bundler-graph) instead.
-
-## OPTIONS
-
-* `--file=FILE`, `-f=FILE`:
-  The name to use for the generated file. See `--format` option
-
-* `--format=FORMAT`, `-F=FORMAT`:
-  This is output format option. Supported format is png, jpg, svg, dot ...
-
-* `--requirements`, `-R`:
-  Set to show the version of each required dependency.
-
-* `--version`, `-v`:
-  Set to show each gem version.
-
-* `--without=<list>`, `-W=<list>`:
-  Exclude gems that are part of the specified named group.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1 b/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1
index 3b40f58210..167815631a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "BUNDLE" "1" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "BUNDLE" "1" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBbundle\fR \- Ruby Dependency Management
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
@@ -66,9 +66,6 @@ Open an installed gem in the editor
 \fBbundle lock(1)\fR \fIbundle\-lock\.1\.html\fR
 Generate a lockfile for your dependencies
 .TP
-\fBbundle viz(1)\fR \fIbundle\-viz\.1\.html\fR (deprecated)
-Generate a visual representation of your dependencies
-.TP
 \fBbundle init(1)\fR \fIbundle\-init\.1\.html\fR
 Generate a simple \fBGemfile\fR, placed in the current directory
 .TP
@@ -94,9 +91,3 @@ Manage Bundler plugins
 Prints Bundler version information
 .SH "PLUGINS"
 When running a command that isn't listed in PRIMARY COMMANDS or UTILITIES, Bundler will try to find an executable on your path named \fBbundler\-<command>\fR and execute it, passing down any extra arguments to it\.
-.SH "OBSOLETE"
-These commands are obsolete and should no longer be used:
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBbundle inject(1)\fR
-.IP "" 0
-
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1.ronn
index 8245effabd..1c2b3df7af 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/bundle.1.ronn
@@ -76,9 +76,6 @@ We divide `bundle` subcommands into primary commands and utilities:
 * [`bundle lock(1)`](bundle-lock.1.html):
   Generate a lockfile for your dependencies
 
-* [`bundle viz(1)`](bundle-viz.1.html) (deprecated):
-  Generate a visual representation of your dependencies
-
 * [`bundle init(1)`](bundle-init.1.html):
   Generate a simple `Gemfile`, placed in the current directory
 
@@ -108,9 +105,3 @@ We divide `bundle` subcommands into primary commands and utilities:
 When running a command that isn't listed in PRIMARY COMMANDS or UTILITIES,
 Bundler will try to find an executable on your path named `bundler-<command>`
 and execute it, passing down any extra arguments to it.
-
-## OBSOLETE
-
-These commands are obsolete and should no longer be used:
-
-* `bundle inject(1)`
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5 b/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5
index f52864a2bf..64e93c4b15 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\" generated with Ronn-NG/v0.10.1
 .\" http://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng/tree/0.10.1
-.TH "GEMFILE" "5" "March 2025" ""
+.TH "GEMFILE" "5" "May 2026" ""
 .SH "NAME"
 \fBGemfile\fR \- A format for describing gem dependencies for Ruby programs
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
@@ -460,6 +460,50 @@ The \fBgemspec\fR method adds any runtime dependencies as gem requirements in th
 The \fBgemspec\fR method supports optional \fB:path\fR, \fB:glob\fR, \fB:name\fR, and \fB:development_group\fR options, which control where bundler looks for the \fB\.gemspec\fR, the glob it uses to look for the gemspec (defaults to: \fB{,*,*/*}\.gemspec\fR), what named \fB\.gemspec\fR it uses (if more than one is present), and which group development dependencies are included in\.
 .P
 When a \fBgemspec\fR dependency encounters version conflicts during resolution, the local version under development will always be selected \-\- even if there are remote versions that better match other requirements for the \fBgemspec\fR gem\.
+.SH "OVERRIDE"
+The \fBoverride\fR directive rewrites a constraint on another gem before resolution runs\. It targets the common case where an upstream gem's published metadata is too narrow on the current project's machine \-\- a stale upper bound, an unwanted floor, or a transitive pin that has to be lifted\.
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+override <target>, <field>: <operation>
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+\fB<target>\fR is a gem name string or \fB:all\fR\. \fB<field>\fR is one of \fBversion:\fR, \fBrequired_ruby_version:\fR, or \fBrequired_rubygems_version:\fR\. \fB<operation>\fR is one of:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+a version requirement string (e\.g\. \fB">= 8\.0"\fR), which \fBreplaces\fR the target's requirement absolutely\. The original requirement, both direct and transitive, is discarded in favour of the override\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\fB:ignore_upper\fR, which removes upper\-bound operators (\fB<\fR and \fB<=\fR) from the existing requirement and folds \fB~>\fR into its lower bound (\fB~> 1\.5\fR becomes \fB>= 1\.5\fR)\. Other operators, including \fB!=\fR, are preserved\.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\fBnil\fR, which collapses the requirement to \fB>= 0\fR (no constraint at all)\.
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+\fB:all\fR only applies to \fBrequired_ruby_version:\fR and \fBrequired_rubygems_version:\fR\. A per\-gem override on the same field takes precedence over an \fB:all\fR override\. \fB:all + version:\fR is rejected: version requirements only make sense per gem\.
+.P
+Multiple \fBoverride\fR calls for distinct targets are allowed; declaring the same \fBtarget\fR and \fBfield\fR twice is an error\.
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+source "https://rubygems\.org"
+
+# Force every reference to "rails" \-\- direct or transitive \-\- to >= 8\.0\.
+override "rails", version: ">= 8\.0"
+
+# Strip the upper bound on nokogiri\.
+override "nokogiri", version: :ignore_upper
+
+# Drop the version pin on legacy entirely\.
+override "legacy", version: nil
+
+# Loosen every gem's required_ruby_version upper bound\.
+override :all, required_ruby_version: :ignore_upper
+
+# Override one specific gem's required_rubygems_version\.
+override "tricky", required_rubygems_version: nil
+
+gem "rails", "~> 7\.0"
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+The override only affects resolution and the install\-time Ruby/RubyGems compatibility checks; \fBGemfile\.lock\fR continues to reflect the resolved versions, not the rewritten requirements\. When resolution still fails, Bundler appends the active overrides (with their Gemfile location) to the error message so it is clear which override shaped the constraint set\.
 .SH "SOURCE PRIORITY"
 When attempting to locate a gem to satisfy a gem requirement, bundler uses the following priority order:
 .IP "1." 4
@@ -469,4 +513,35 @@ For implicit gems (dependencies of explicit gems), any source, git, or path repo
 .IP "3." 4
 If neither of the above conditions are met, the global source will be used\. If multiple global sources are specified, they will be prioritized from last to first, but this is deprecated since Bundler 1\.13, so Bundler prints a warning and will abort with an error in the future\.
 .IP "" 0
+.SH "LOCKFILE"
+By default, Bundler will create a lockfile by adding \fB\.lock\fR to the end of the Gemfile name\. To change this, use the \fBlockfile\fR method:
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+lockfile "/path/to/lockfile\.lock"
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+This is useful when you want to use different lockfiles per ruby version or platform\.
+.P
+To avoid writing a lock file, use \fBfalse\fR as the argument:
+.IP "" 4
+.nf
+lockfile false
+.fi
+.IP "" 0
+.P
+This is useful for library development and other situations where the code is expected to work with a range of dependency versions\.
+.SS "LOCKFILE PRECEDENCE"
+When determining path to the lockfile or whether to create a lockfile, the following precedence is used:
+.IP "1." 4
+The \fBbundle install\fR \fB\-\-no\-lock\fR option (which disables lockfile creation)\.
+.IP "2." 4
+The \fBbundle install\fR \fB\-\-lockfile\fR option\.
+.IP "3." 4
+The \fBBUNDLE_LOCKFILE\fR environment variable\.
+.IP "4." 4
+The \fBlockfile\fR method in the Gemfile\.
+.IP "5." 4
+The default behavior of adding \fB\.lock\fR to the end of the Gemfile name\.
+.IP "" 0
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5.ronn b/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5.ronn
index 802549737e..69fef90654 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5.ronn
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/gemfile.5.ronn
@@ -541,6 +541,59 @@ When a `gemspec` dependency encounters version conflicts during resolution, the
 local version under development will always be selected -- even if there are
 remote versions that better match other requirements for the `gemspec` gem.
 
+## OVERRIDE
+
+The `override` directive rewrites a constraint on another gem before
+resolution runs. It targets the common case where an upstream gem's
+published metadata is too narrow on the current project's machine -- a stale
+upper bound, an unwanted floor, or a transitive pin that has to be lifted.
+
+    override <target>, <field>: <operation>
+
+`<target>` is a gem name string or `:all`. `<field>` is one of `version:`,
+`required_ruby_version:`, or `required_rubygems_version:`. `<operation>` is
+one of:
+
+  * a version requirement string (e.g. `">= 8.0"`), which **replaces** the
+    target's requirement absolutely. The original requirement, both direct
+    and transitive, is discarded in favour of the override.
+  * `:ignore_upper`, which removes upper-bound operators (`<` and `<=`) from
+    the existing requirement and folds `~>` into its lower bound (`~> 1.5`
+    becomes `>= 1.5`). Other operators, including `!=`, are preserved.
+  * `nil`, which collapses the requirement to `>= 0` (no constraint at all).
+
+`:all` only applies to `required_ruby_version:` and `required_rubygems_version:`.
+A per-gem override on the same field takes precedence over an `:all` override.
+`:all + version:` is rejected: version requirements only make sense per gem.
+
+Multiple `override` calls for distinct targets are allowed; declaring the
+same `target` and `field` twice is an error.
+
+    source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+    # Force every reference to "rails" -- direct or transitive -- to >= 8.0.
+    override "rails", version: ">= 8.0"
+
+    # Strip the upper bound on nokogiri.
+    override "nokogiri", version: :ignore_upper
+
+    # Drop the version pin on legacy entirely.
+    override "legacy", version: nil
+
+    # Loosen every gem's required_ruby_version upper bound.
+    override :all, required_ruby_version: :ignore_upper
+
+    # Override one specific gem's required_rubygems_version.
+    override "tricky", required_rubygems_version: nil
+
+    gem "rails", "~> 7.0"
+
+The override only affects resolution and the install-time Ruby/RubyGems
+compatibility checks; `Gemfile.lock` continues to reflect the resolved
+versions, not the rewritten requirements. When resolution still fails,
+Bundler appends the active overrides (with their Gemfile location) to the
+error message so it is clear which override shaped the constraint set.
+
 ## SOURCE PRIORITY
 
 When attempting to locate a gem to satisfy a gem requirement,
@@ -556,3 +609,31 @@ bundler uses the following priority order:
      If multiple global sources are specified, they will be prioritized from
      last to first, but this is deprecated since Bundler 1.13, so Bundler prints
      a warning and will abort with an error in the future.
+
+## LOCKFILE
+
+By default, Bundler will create a lockfile by adding `.lock` to the end of the
+Gemfile name. To change this, use the `lockfile` method:
+
+    lockfile "/path/to/lockfile.lock"
+
+This is useful when you want to use different lockfiles per ruby version or
+platform.
+
+To avoid writing a lock file, use `false` as the argument:
+
+    lockfile false
+
+This is useful for library development and other situations where the code is
+expected to work with a range of dependency versions.
+
+### LOCKFILE PRECEDENCE
+
+When determining path to the lockfile or whether to create a lockfile, the
+following precedence is used:
+
+1. The `bundle install` `--no-lock` option (which disables lockfile creation).
+1. The `bundle install` `--lockfile` option.
+1. The `BUNDLE_LOCKFILE` environment variable.
+1. The `lockfile` method in the Gemfile.
+1. The default behavior of adding `.lock` to the end of the Gemfile name.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/man/index.txt b/lib/bundler/man/index.txt
index 3ea3495f1b..f610ba852a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/man/index.txt
+++ b/lib/bundler/man/index.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ bundle-gem(1)         bundle-gem.1
 bundle-help(1)        bundle-help.1
 bundle-info(1)        bundle-info.1
 bundle-init(1)        bundle-init.1
-bundle-inject(1)      bundle-inject.1
 bundle-install(1)     bundle-install.1
 bundle-issue(1)       bundle-issue.1
 bundle-licenses(1)    bundle-licenses.1
@@ -30,4 +29,3 @@ bundle-remove(1)      bundle-remove.1
 bundle-show(1)        bundle-show.1
 bundle-update(1)      bundle-update.1
 bundle-version(1)     bundle-version.1
-bundle-viz(1)         bundle-viz.1
diff --git a/lib/bundler/match_metadata.rb b/lib/bundler/match_metadata.rb
index 6fd2994a85..92aeb2e893 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/match_metadata.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/match_metadata.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,18 @@ module Bundler
       @required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.rubygems_version)
     end
 
+    def matches_current_metadata_with_overrides?(overrides)
+      matches_current_ruby_with_overrides?(overrides) && matches_current_rubygems_with_overrides?(overrides)
+    end
+
+    def matches_current_ruby_with_overrides?(overrides)
+      effective_required_version(@required_ruby_version, :required_ruby_version, overrides).satisfied_by?(Gem.ruby_version)
+    end
+
+    def matches_current_rubygems_with_overrides?(overrides)
+      effective_required_version(@required_rubygems_version, :required_rubygems_version, overrides).satisfied_by?(Gem.rubygems_version)
+    end
+
     def expanded_dependencies
       runtime_dependencies + [
         metadata_dependency("Ruby", @required_ruby_version),
@@ -26,5 +38,13 @@ module Bundler
 
       Gem::Dependency.new("#{name}\0", requirement)
     end
+
+    private
+
+    def effective_required_version(requirement, field, overrides)
+      return requirement if overrides.nil? || overrides.empty?
+      override = Override.find_for(overrides, name, field)
+      override ? override.apply_to(requirement) : requirement
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/match_platform.rb b/lib/bundler/match_platform.rb
index ece9fb8679..479818e5ec 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/match_platform.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/match_platform.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,42 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "gem_helpers"
-
 module Bundler
   module MatchPlatform
-    include GemHelpers
+    def installable_on_platform?(target_platform) # :nodoc:
+      return true if [Gem::Platform::RUBY, nil, target_platform].include?(platform)
+      return true if Gem::Platform.new(platform) === target_platform
 
-    def match_platform(p)
-      MatchPlatform.platforms_match?(platform, p)
+      false
     end
 
-    def self.platforms_match?(gemspec_platform, local_platform)
-      return true if gemspec_platform.nil?
-      return true if gemspec_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
-      return true if local_platform == gemspec_platform
-      gemspec_platform = Gem::Platform.new(gemspec_platform)
-      return true if gemspec_platform === local_platform
+    def self.select_best_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: false, prefer_locked: false)
+      matching = select_all_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: force_ruby, prefer_locked: prefer_locked)
 
-      false
+      Gem::Platform.sort_and_filter_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+    end
+
+    def self.select_best_local_platform_match(specs, force_ruby: false)
+      local = Bundler.local_platform
+      matching = select_all_platform_match(specs, local, force_ruby: force_ruby).filter_map(&:materialized_for_installation)
+
+      Gem::Platform.sort_best_platform_match(matching, local)
+    end
+
+    def self.select_all_platform_match(specs, platform, force_ruby: false, prefer_locked: false)
+      matching = specs.select {|spec| spec.installable_on_platform?(force_ruby ? Gem::Platform::RUBY : platform) }
+
+      specs.each(&:force_ruby_platform!) if force_ruby
+
+      if prefer_locked
+        locked_originally = matching.select {|spec| spec.is_a?(::Bundler::LazySpecification) }
+        return locked_originally if locked_originally.any?
+      end
+
+      matching
+    end
+
+    def self.generic_local_platform_is_ruby?
+      Bundler.generic_local_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/match_remote_metadata.rb b/lib/bundler/match_remote_metadata.rb
index 5e46d52441..601af7e55d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/match_remote_metadata.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/match_remote_metadata.rb
@@ -6,19 +6,34 @@ module Bundler
     # API didn't include that field, so some marshalled specs in the index have it
     # set to +nil+.
     def matches_current_ruby?
-      @required_ruby_version ||= _remote_specification.required_ruby_version || Gem::Requirement.default
-
+      ensure_required_ruby_version_loaded
       super
     end
 
     def matches_current_rubygems?
-      # A fallback is included because the original version of the specification
-      # API didn't include that field, so some marshalled specs in the index have it
-      # set to +nil+.
-      @required_rubygems_version ||= _remote_specification.required_rubygems_version || Gem::Requirement.default
+      ensure_required_rubygems_version_loaded
+      super
+    end
+
+    def matches_current_ruby_with_overrides?(overrides)
+      ensure_required_ruby_version_loaded
+      super
+    end
 
+    def matches_current_rubygems_with_overrides?(overrides)
+      ensure_required_rubygems_version_loaded
       super
     end
+
+    private
+
+    def ensure_required_ruby_version_loaded
+      @required_ruby_version ||= _remote_specification.required_ruby_version || Gem::Requirement.default # rubocop:disable Naming/MemoizedInstanceVariableName
+    end
+
+    def ensure_required_rubygems_version_loaded
+      @required_rubygems_version ||= _remote_specification.required_rubygems_version || Gem::Requirement.default # rubocop:disable Naming/MemoizedInstanceVariableName
+    end
   end
 
   module MatchRemoteMetadata
diff --git a/lib/bundler/materialization.rb b/lib/bundler/materialization.rb
index 6542c07649..82e48464a7 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/materialization.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/materialization.rb
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ module Bundler
       @specs ||= if @candidates.nil?
         []
       elsif platform
-        GemHelpers.select_best_platform_match(@candidates, platform, force_ruby: dep.force_ruby_platform)
+        MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(@candidates, platform, force_ruby: dep.force_ruby_platform)
       else
-        GemHelpers.select_best_local_platform_match(@candidates, force_ruby: dep.force_ruby_platform || dep.default_force_ruby_platform)
+        MatchPlatform.select_best_local_platform_match(@candidates, force_ruby: dep.force_ruby_platform || dep.default_force_ruby_platform)
       end
     end
 
     def dependencies
-      specs.first.runtime_dependencies.map {|d| [d, platform] }
+      (materialized_spec || specs.first).runtime_dependencies.map {|d| [d, platform] }
     end
 
     def materialized_spec
diff --git a/lib/bundler/override.rb b/lib/bundler/override.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e0ec59fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/override.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Bundler
+  class Override
+    UPPER_BOUND_OPERATORS = ["<", "<="].freeze
+
+    def self.find_for(overrides, name, field)
+      overrides.find {|o| o.target == name && o.field == field } ||
+        overrides.find {|o| o.target == :all && o.field == field }
+    end
+
+    # Attach the given overrides onto every LazySpecification in `specs` so
+    # downstream consumers (LazySpecification#choose_compatible, the install-
+    # time compatibility check, etc.) can read the override list off the spec
+    # itself. Non-LazySpec entries (StubSpecification, Gem::Specification, ...)
+    # are left untouched.
+    def self.attach(specs, overrides)
+      return if overrides.nil? || overrides.empty?
+      specs.each {|s| s.overrides = overrides if s.is_a?(LazySpecification) }
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :target, :field, :operation, :source_location
+
+    def initialize(target, field, operation, source_location: nil)
+      @target = target
+      @field = field
+      @operation = operation
+      @source_location = source_location
+    end
+
+    def source_location_label
+      return nil unless @source_location
+      "#{File.basename(@source_location.path)}:#{@source_location.lineno}"
+    end
+
+    def apply_to(requirement)
+      case operation
+      when nil
+        Gem::Requirement.default
+      when :ignore_upper
+        remove_upper_bounds(requirement)
+      when String
+        Gem::Requirement.new(operation)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "unsupported override operation: #{operation.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def remove_upper_bounds(requirement)
+      return Gem::Requirement.default if requirement.nil? || requirement.none?
+
+      preserved = requirement.requirements.filter_map do |op, version|
+        if UPPER_BOUND_OPERATORS.include?(op)
+          nil
+        elsif op == "~>"
+          [">=", version]
+        else
+          [op, version]
+        end
+      end
+
+      return Gem::Requirement.default if preserved.empty?
+
+      Gem::Requirement.new(preserved.map {|op, v| "#{op} #{v}" })
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
index 7790a3f6f8..faca6bea53 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ module Bundler
 
         return if definition.dependencies.empty?
 
-        plugins = definition.dependencies.map(&:name).reject {|p| index.installed? p }
+        plugins = definition.dependencies.map(&:name)
         installed_specs = Installer.new.install_definition(definition)
 
         save_plugins plugins, installed_specs, builder.inferred_plugins
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ module Bundler
       @sources[name]
     end
 
-    # @param [Hash] The options that are present in the lock file
+    # @param [Hash] The options that are present in the lockfile
     # @return [API::Source] the instance of the class that handles the source
     #                       type passed in locked_opts
     def from_lock(locked_opts)
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ module Bundler
     #
     # @param [String] event
     def hook(event, *args, &arg_blk)
-      return unless Bundler.feature_flag.plugins?
+      return unless Bundler.settings[:plugins]
       unless Events.defined_event?(event)
         raise ArgumentError, "Event '#{event}' not defined in Bundler::Plugin::Events"
       end
@@ -253,10 +253,13 @@ module Bundler
     # @param [Array<String>] names of inferred source plugins that can be ignored
     def save_plugins(plugins, specs, optional_plugins = [])
       plugins.each do |name|
-        next if index.installed?(name)
-
         spec = specs[name]
 
+        # It's possible that the `plugin` found in the Gemfile don't appear in the specs. For instance when
+        # calling `BUNDLE_WITHOUT=default bundle install`, the plugins will not get installed.
+        next if spec.nil?
+        next if index.up_to_date?(spec)
+
         save_plugin(name, spec, optional_plugins.include?(name))
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/api/source.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/api/source.rb
index 690f379389..798326673a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/api/source.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/api/source.rb
@@ -67,13 +67,21 @@ module Bundler
         # to check out same version of gem later.
         #
         # There options are passed when the source plugin is created from the
-        # lock file.
+        # lockfile.
         #
         # @return [Hash]
         def options_to_lock
           {}
         end
 
+        # Download the gem specified by the spec at appropriate path.
+        #
+        # A source plugin can implement this method to split the download and the
+        # installation of a gem.
+        #
+        # @return [Boolean] Whether the download of the gem succeeded.
+        def download(spec, opts); end
+
         # Install the gem specified by the spec at appropriate path.
         # `install_path` provides a sufficient default, if the source can only
         # satisfy one gem,  but is not binding.
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/events.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/events.rb
index 29c05098ae..3fbf60307e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/events.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/events.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,54 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       # @!parse
+      #   A hook called before the Gemfile is evaluated
+      #   Includes the Gemfile path and the Lockfile path
+      #   GEM_BEFORE_EVAL = "before-eval"
+      define :GEM_BEFORE_EVAL, "before-eval"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called after the Gemfile is evaluated
+      #   Includes a Bundler::Definition
+      #   GEM_AFTER_EVAL = "after-eval"
+      define :GEM_AFTER_EVAL, "after-eval"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called before any gems install
+      #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects
+      #   GEM_BEFORE_INSTALL_ALL = "before-install-all"
+      define :GEM_BEFORE_INSTALL_ALL, "before-install-all"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called before each individual gem is downloaded from a remote source.
+      #   Includes a spec-like object responding to the Gem::Specification API
+      #   (for example, a Bundler spec proxy such as Bundler::EndpointSpecification
+      #   or Bundler::RemoteSpecification). Does not fire when the gem is already
+      #   present at the initial download-cache check.
+      #   GEM_BEFORE_FETCH = "before-fetch"
+      define :GEM_BEFORE_FETCH, "before-fetch"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called after each individual gem is downloaded from a remote source.
+      #   Includes a spec-like object responding to the Gem::Specification API
+      #   (for example, a Bundler spec proxy such as Bundler::EndpointSpecification
+      #   or Bundler::RemoteSpecification). Does not fire when the gem is already
+      #   present at the initial download-cache check.
+      #   GEM_AFTER_FETCH = "after-fetch"
+      define :GEM_AFTER_FETCH, "after-fetch"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called before a git source is fetched or checked out.
+      #   Includes a Bundler::Source::Git reference.
+      #   GIT_BEFORE_FETCH = "before-git-fetch"
+      define :GIT_BEFORE_FETCH, "before-git-fetch"
+
+      # @!parse
+      #   A hook called after a git source is fetched or checked out.
+      #   Includes a Bundler::Source::Git reference.
+      #   GIT_AFTER_FETCH = "after-git-fetch"
+      define :GIT_AFTER_FETCH, "after-git-fetch"
+
+      # @!parse
       #   A hook called before each individual gem is installed
       #   Includes a Bundler::ParallelInstaller::SpecInstallation.
       #   No state, error, post_install_message will be present as nothing has installed yet
@@ -46,18 +94,18 @@ module Bundler
       define :GEM_AFTER_INSTALL,  "after-install"
 
       # @!parse
-      #   A hook called before any gems install
-      #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects
-      #   GEM_BEFORE_INSTALL_ALL = "before-install-all"
-      define :GEM_BEFORE_INSTALL_ALL, "before-install-all"
-
-      # @!parse
       #   A hook called after any gems install
       #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects
       #   GEM_AFTER_INSTALL_ALL = "after-install-all"
       define :GEM_AFTER_INSTALL_ALL,  "after-install-all"
 
       # @!parse
+      #   A hook called before any gems require
+      #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects.
+      #   GEM_BEFORE_REQUIRE_ALL = "before-require-all"
+      define :GEM_BEFORE_REQUIRE_ALL, "before-require-all"
+
+      # @!parse
       #   A hook called before each individual gem is required
       #   Includes a Bundler::Dependency.
       #   GEM_BEFORE_REQUIRE = "before-require"
@@ -70,16 +118,10 @@ module Bundler
       define :GEM_AFTER_REQUIRE,  "after-require"
 
       # @!parse
-      #   A hook called before any gems require
-      #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects.
-      #   GEM_BEFORE_REQUIRE_ALL = "before-require-all"
-      define :GEM_BEFORE_REQUIRE_ALL, "before-require-all"
-
-      # @!parse
       #   A hook called after all gems required
       #   Includes an Array of Bundler::Dependency objects.
       #   GEM_AFTER_REQUIRE_ALL = "after-require-all"
-      define :GEM_AFTER_REQUIRE_ALL,  "after-require-all"
+      define :GEM_AFTER_REQUIRE_ALL, "after-require-all"
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/index.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/index.rb
index 0682d37772..1dfb061304 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/index.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/index.rb
@@ -119,6 +119,12 @@ module Bundler
         @plugin_paths[name]
       end
 
+      def up_to_date?(spec)
+        path = installed?(spec.name)
+
+        path == spec.full_gem_path
+      end
+
       def installed_plugins
         @plugin_paths.keys
       end
@@ -157,6 +163,8 @@ module Bundler
       # @param [Pathname] index file path
       # @param [Boolean] is the index file global index
       def load_index(index_file, global = false)
+        base = base_for_index(global)
+
         SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(index_file, :read) do |index_f|
           valid_file = index_f&.exist? && !index_f.size.zero?
           break unless valid_file
@@ -168,8 +176,8 @@ module Bundler
 
           @commands.merge!(index["commands"])
           @hooks.merge!(index["hooks"])
-          @load_paths.merge!(index["load_paths"])
-          @plugin_paths.merge!(index["plugin_paths"])
+          @load_paths.merge!(transform_index_paths(index["load_paths"]) {|p| absolutize_path(p, base) })
+          @plugin_paths.merge!(transform_index_paths(index["plugin_paths"]) {|p| absolutize_path(p, base) })
           @sources.merge!(index["sources"]) unless global
         end
       end
@@ -178,11 +186,13 @@ module Bundler
       # instance variables in YAML format. (The instance variables are supposed
       # to be only String key value pairs)
       def save_index
+        base = base_for_index(false)
+
         index = {
           "commands" => @commands,
           "hooks" => @hooks,
-          "load_paths" => @load_paths,
-          "plugin_paths" => @plugin_paths,
+          "load_paths" => transform_index_paths(@load_paths) {|p| relativize_path(p, base) },
+          "plugin_paths" => transform_index_paths(@plugin_paths) {|p| relativize_path(p, base) },
           "sources" => @sources,
         }
 
@@ -192,6 +202,40 @@ module Bundler
           File.open(index_f, "w") {|f| f.puts YAMLSerializer.dump(index) }
         end
       end
+
+      def base_for_index(global)
+        global ? Plugin.global_root : Plugin.root
+      end
+
+      def transform_index_paths(paths)
+        return {} unless paths
+
+        paths.transform_values do |value|
+          if value.is_a?(Array)
+            value.map {|path| yield path }
+          else
+            yield value
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def relativize_path(path, base)
+        pathname = Pathname.new(path)
+        return path unless pathname.absolute?
+
+        base_path = Pathname.new(base)
+        if pathname == base_path || pathname.to_s.start_with?(base_path.to_s + File::SEPARATOR)
+          pathname.relative_path_from(base_path).to_s
+        else
+          path
+        end
+      end
+
+      def absolutize_path(path, base)
+        pathname = Pathname.new(path)
+        pathname = Pathname.new(base).join(pathname) unless pathname.absolute?
+        pathname.to_s
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/installer.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/installer.rb
index ac3c3ea7f3..9be8b36843 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/installer.rb
@@ -43,16 +43,6 @@ module Bundler
       private
 
       def check_sources_consistency!(options)
-        if options.key?(:git) && options.key?(:local_git)
-          raise InvalidOption, "Remote and local plugin git sources can't be both specified"
-        end
-
-        # back-compat; local_git is an alias for git
-        if options.key?(:local_git)
-          Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, "--local_git is deprecated, use --git")
-          options[:git] = options.delete(:local_git)
-        end
-
         if (options.keys & [:source, :git, :path]).length > 1
           raise InvalidOption, "Only one of --source, --git, or --path may be specified"
         end
@@ -120,7 +110,8 @@ module Bundler
         paths = {}
 
         specs.each do |spec|
-          spec.source.install spec
+          spec.source.download(spec)
+          spec.source.install(spec)
 
           paths[spec.name] = spec
         end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/installer/path.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/installer/path.rb
index 58a8fa7426..58c4924eb0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/installer/path.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/installer/path.rb
@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@ module Bundler
           SharedHelpers.in_bundle? ? Bundler.root : Plugin.root
         end
 
+        def eql?(other)
+          return unless other.class == self.class
+          expanded_original_path == other.expanded_original_path &&
+            version == other.version
+        end
+
+        alias_method :==, :eql?
+
         def generate_bin(spec, disable_extensions = false)
           # Need to find a way without code duplication
           # For now, we can ignore this
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin/source_list.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin/source_list.rb
index 746996de55..d929ade29e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin/source_list.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin/source_list.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       private
 
-      def rubygems_aggregate_class
+      def source_class
         Plugin::Installer::Rubygems
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/remote_specification.rb b/lib/bundler/remote_specification.rb
index ab163e2b04..dcaaf6af2e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/remote_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/remote_specification.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     attr_reader :name, :version, :platform
     attr_writer :dependencies
-    attr_accessor :source, :remote, :locked_platform
+    attr_accessor :source, :remote, :locked_platform, :created_at
 
     def initialize(name, version, platform, spec_fetcher)
       @name         = name
diff --git a/lib/bundler/resolver.rb b/lib/bundler/resolver.rb
index c25076dc1d..422b726980 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/resolver.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/resolver.rb
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ module Bundler
     require_relative "resolver/candidate"
     require_relative "resolver/incompatibility"
     require_relative "resolver/root"
-
-    include GemHelpers
+    require_relative "resolver/strategy"
 
     def initialize(base, gem_version_promoter, most_specific_locked_platform = nil)
       @source_requirements = base.source_requirements
@@ -65,7 +64,9 @@ module Bundler
 
       @cached_dependencies = Hash.new do |dependencies, package|
         dependencies[package] = Hash.new do |versions, version|
-          versions[version] = to_dependency_hash(version.dependencies.reject {|d| d.name == package.name }, @packages)
+          deps = version.dependencies.reject {|d| d.name == package.name }
+          deps = apply_metadata_overrides(deps, package.name)
+          versions[version] = to_dependency_hash(deps, @packages)
         end
       end
 
@@ -78,9 +79,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def solve_versions(root:, logger:)
-      solver = PubGrub::VersionSolver.new(source: self, root: root, logger: logger)
+      solver = PubGrub::VersionSolver.new(source: self, root: root, strategy: Strategy.new(self), logger: logger)
       result = solver.solve
       resolved_specs = result.flat_map {|package, version| version.to_specs(package, @most_specific_locked_platform) }
+      Override.attach(resolved_specs, @base.overrides)
       SpecSet.new(resolved_specs).specs_with_additional_variants_from(@base.locked_specs)
     rescue PubGrub::SolveFailure => e
       incompatibility = e.incompatibility
@@ -121,9 +123,25 @@ module Bundler
         explanation << extended_explanation
       end
 
+      override_summary = override_diagnostic_summary
+      explanation << override_summary if override_summary
+
       raise SolveFailure.new(explanation)
     end
 
+    def override_diagnostic_summary
+      return nil if @base.overrides.empty?
+
+      lines = ["Bundler applied the following overrides while resolving:"]
+      @base.overrides.each do |override|
+        target = override.target == :all ? ":all" : override.target.inspect
+        location = override.source_location_label
+        lines << "  override #{target}, #{override.field}: #{override.operation.inspect}" \
+          "#{location ? " (declared at #{location})" : ""}"
+      end
+      "\n\n#{lines.join("\n")}"
+    end
+
     def find_names_to_relax(incompatibility)
       names_to_unlock = []
       names_to_allow_prereleases_for = []
@@ -166,16 +184,8 @@ module Bundler
       PubGrub::VersionConstraint.new(package, range: range)
     end
 
-    def versions_for(package, range=VersionRange.any)
-      versions = select_sorted_versions(package, range)
-
-      # Conditional avoids (among other things) calling
-      # sort_versions_by_preferred with the root package
-      if versions.size > 1
-        sort_versions_by_preferred(package, versions)
-      else
-        versions
-      end
+    def versions_for(package, range = VersionRange.any)
+      range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
     end
 
     def no_versions_incompatibility_for(package, unsatisfied_term)
@@ -193,6 +203,9 @@ module Bundler
 
         platforms_explanation = specs_matching_other_platforms.any? ? " for any resolution platforms (#{package.platforms.join(", ")})" : ""
         custom_explanation = "#{constraint} could not be found in #{repository_for(package)}#{platforms_explanation}"
+        if hint = cooldown_hint(specs_matching_other_platforms)
+          custom_explanation += " (#{hint})"
+        end
 
         label = "#{name} (#{constraint_string})"
         extended_explanation = other_specs_matching_message(specs_matching_other_platforms, label) if specs_matching_other_platforms.any?
@@ -280,12 +293,12 @@ module Bundler
           next groups if platform_specs.all?(&:empty?)
         end
 
-        ruby_specs = select_best_platform_match(specs, Gem::Platform::RUBY)
+        ruby_specs = MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(specs, Gem::Platform::RUBY)
         ruby_group = Resolver::SpecGroup.new(ruby_specs)
 
         unless ruby_group.empty?
-          platform_specs.each do |specs|
-            ruby_group.merge(Resolver::SpecGroup.new(specs))
+          platform_specs.each do |s|
+            ruby_group.merge(Resolver::SpecGroup.new(s))
           end
 
           groups << Resolver::Candidate.new(version, group: ruby_group, priority: -1)
@@ -319,6 +332,16 @@ module Bundler
       "Gemfile"
     end
 
+    def raise_incomplete!(incomplete_specs)
+      raise_not_found!(@base.get_package(incomplete_specs.first.name))
+    end
+
+    def sort_versions_by_preferred(package, versions)
+      @gem_version_promoter.sort_versions(package, versions)
+    end
+
+    private
+
     def raise_not_found!(package)
       name = package.name
       source = source_for(name)
@@ -352,10 +375,30 @@ module Bundler
         message << "\n#{other_specs_matching_message(specs, matching_part)}"
       end
 
+      if hint = cooldown_hint(specs_matching_requirement)
+        message << "\n\n#{hint}."
+      end
+
+      if specs_matching_requirement.any? && (hint = platform_mismatch_hint)
+        message << "\n\n#{hint}"
+      end
+
       raise GemNotFound, message
     end
 
-    private
+    def platform_mismatch_hint
+      locked_platforms = Bundler.locked_gems&.platforms
+      return unless locked_platforms
+
+      local_platform = Bundler.local_platform
+      return if locked_platforms.include?(local_platform)
+      return if locked_platforms.any? {|p| p == Gem::Platform::RUBY }
+
+      "Your current platform (#{local_platform}) is not included in the lockfile's platforms (#{locked_platforms.join(", ")}). " \
+        "Add the current platform to the lockfile with\n`bundle lock --add-platform #{local_platform}` and try again."
+    rescue GemfileNotFound
+      nil
+    end
 
     def filtered_versions_for(package)
       @gem_version_promoter.filter_versions(package, @all_versions[package])
@@ -379,7 +422,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def filter_specs(specs, package)
-      filter_remote_specs(filter_prereleases(specs, package), package)
+      filter_remote_specs(filter_cooldown(filter_prereleases(specs, package)), package)
     end
 
     def filter_prereleases(specs, package)
@@ -388,6 +431,40 @@ module Bundler
       specs.reject {|s| s.version.prerelease? }
     end
 
+    def filter_cooldown(specs)
+      return specs if specs.empty?
+      excluded_versions = cooldown_excluded_versions(specs)
+      return specs if excluded_versions.empty?
+      specs.reject {|s| excluded_versions.include?([s.name, s.version]) }
+    end
+
+    def cooldown_excluded_versions(specs)
+      excluded = {}
+      specs.each do |spec|
+        next unless cooldown_excluded?(spec)
+        excluded[[spec.name, spec.version]] = true
+      end
+      excluded
+    end
+
+    def cooldown_hint(specs)
+      excluded_versions = cooldown_excluded_versions(specs)
+      return nil if excluded_versions.empty?
+      "#{excluded_versions.size} version#{"s" if excluded_versions.size > 1} excluded by the cooldown setting; pass `--cooldown 0` to bypass"
+    end
+
+    def cooldown_excluded?(spec)
+      return false unless spec.respond_to?(:created_at) && spec.created_at
+      return false unless spec.respond_to?(:remote) && spec.remote
+      days = spec.remote.effective_cooldown
+      return false if days.nil? || days <= 0
+      (cooldown_now - spec.created_at) < (days * 86_400)
+    end
+
+    def cooldown_now
+      @cooldown_now ||= Time.now
+    end
+
     def filter_remote_specs(specs, package)
       if package.prefer_local?
         local_specs = specs.select {|s| s.is_a?(StubSpecification) }
@@ -414,10 +491,6 @@ module Bundler
       requirement.satisfied_by?(spec.version) || spec.source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec)
     end
 
-    def sort_versions_by_preferred(package, versions)
-      @gem_version_promoter.sort_versions(package, versions)
-    end
-
     def repository_for(package)
       source_for(package.name)
     end
@@ -433,7 +506,7 @@ module Bundler
         next [dep_package, dep_constraint] if name == "bundler"
 
         dep_range = dep_constraint.range
-        versions = select_sorted_versions(dep_package, dep_range)
+        versions = versions_for(dep_package, dep_range)
         if versions.empty?
           if dep_package.ignores_prereleases? || dep_package.prefer_local?
             @all_versions.delete(dep_package)
@@ -441,7 +514,7 @@ module Bundler
           end
           dep_package.consider_prereleases! if dep_package.ignores_prereleases?
           dep_package.consider_remote_versions! if dep_package.prefer_local?
-          versions = select_sorted_versions(dep_package, dep_range)
+          versions = versions_for(dep_package, dep_range)
         end
 
         if versions.empty? && select_all_versions(dep_package, dep_range).any?
@@ -456,10 +529,6 @@ module Bundler
       end.to_h
     end
 
-    def select_sorted_versions(package, range)
-      range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
-    end
-
     def select_all_versions(package, range)
       range.select_versions(@all_versions[package])
     end
@@ -501,7 +570,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def to_dependency_hash(dependencies, packages)
-      dependencies.inject({}) do |deps, dep|
+      apply_overrides(dependencies).inject({}) do |deps, dep|
         package = packages[dep.name]
 
         current_req = deps[package]
@@ -517,6 +586,33 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
+    def apply_overrides(dependencies)
+      return dependencies if @base.overrides.empty?
+
+      dependencies.map do |dep|
+        override = Override.find_for(@base.overrides, dep.name, :version)
+        next dep unless override
+        Gem::Dependency.new(dep.name, override.apply_to(dep.requirement))
+      end
+    end
+
+    METADATA_DEP_FIELD = {
+      "Ruby\0" => :required_ruby_version,
+      "RubyGems\0" => :required_rubygems_version,
+    }.freeze
+
+    def apply_metadata_overrides(dependencies, name)
+      return dependencies if @base.overrides.empty?
+
+      dependencies.map do |dep|
+        field = METADATA_DEP_FIELD[dep.name]
+        next dep unless field
+        override = Override.find_for(@base.overrides, name, field)
+        next dep unless override
+        Gem::Dependency.new(dep.name, override.apply_to(dep.requirement))
+      end
+    end
+
     def bundler_not_found_message(conflict_dependencies)
       candidate_specs = filter_matching_specs(default_bundler_source.specs.search("bundler"), conflict_dependencies)
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/resolver/base.rb b/lib/bundler/resolver/base.rb
index 932a92ff41..00bdd08303 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/resolver/base.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/resolver/base.rb
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ require_relative "package"
 module Bundler
   class Resolver
     class Base
-      attr_reader :packages, :requirements, :source_requirements, :locked_specs
+      attr_reader :packages, :requirements, :source_requirements, :locked_specs, :overrides
 
       def initialize(source_requirements, dependencies, base, platforms, options)
+        @overrides = options.delete(:overrides) || []
         @source_requirements = source_requirements
         @locked_specs = options[:locked_specs]
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/resolver/candidate.rb b/lib/bundler/resolver/candidate.rb
index 30fd6fe2fd..5298b2530f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/resolver/candidate.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/resolver/candidate.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ module Bundler
     # Some candidates may also keep some information explicitly about the
     # package they refer to. These candidates are referred to as "canonical" and
     # are used when materializing resolution results back into RubyGems
-    # specifications that can be installed, written to lock files, and so on.
+    # specifications that can be installed, written to lockfiles, and so on.
     #
     class Candidate
       include Comparable
@@ -48,35 +48,38 @@ module Bundler
         @version.segments
       end
 
-      def sort_obj
-        [@version, @priority]
-      end
-
       def <=>(other)
         return unless other.is_a?(self.class)
 
-        sort_obj <=> other.sort_obj
+        version_comparison = version <=> other.version
+        return version_comparison unless version_comparison.zero?
+
+        priority <=> other.priority
       end
 
       def ==(other)
         return unless other.is_a?(self.class)
 
-        sort_obj == other.sort_obj
+        version == other.version && priority == other.priority
       end
 
       def eql?(other)
         return unless other.is_a?(self.class)
 
-        sort_obj.eql?(other.sort_obj)
+        version.eql?(other.version) && priority.eql?(other.priority)
       end
 
       def hash
-        sort_obj.hash
+        [@version, @priority].hash
       end
 
       def to_s
         @version.to_s
       end
+
+      protected
+
+      attr_reader :priority
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/resolver/package.rb b/lib/bundler/resolver/package.rb
index 0e86a4f84d..3906be3f57 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/resolver/package.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/resolver/package.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ module Bundler
         @locked_version = locked_specs.version_for(name)
         @unlock = unlock
         @dependency = dependency || Dependency.new(name, @locked_version)
+        @platforms |= [Gem::Platform::RUBY] if @dependency.default_force_ruby_platform
         @top_level = !dependency.nil?
         @prerelease = @dependency.prerelease? || @locked_version&.prerelease? || prerelease ? :consider_first : :ignore
         @prefer_local = prefer_local
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ module Bundler
       def platform_specs(specs)
         platforms.map do |platform|
           prefer_locked = @new_platforms.include?(platform) ? false : !unlock?
-          GemHelpers.select_best_platform_match(specs, platform, prefer_locked: prefer_locked)
+          MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(specs, platform, prefer_locked: prefer_locked)
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/resolver/strategy.rb b/lib/bundler/resolver/strategy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7519d38968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/resolver/strategy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Bundler
+  class Resolver
+    class Strategy
+      def initialize(source)
+        @source = source
+        @package_priority_cache = {}
+      end
+
+      def next_package_and_version(unsatisfied)
+        package, range = next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+
+        [package, most_preferred_version_of(package, range).first]
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+        unsatisfied.min_by do |package, range|
+          @package_priority_cache[[package, range]] ||= begin
+            matching_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+            higher_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range.upper_invert)
+
+            [matching_versions.count <= 1 ? 0 : 1, higher_versions.count]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def most_preferred_version_of(package, range)
+        versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+
+        # Conditional avoids (among other things) calling
+        # sort_versions_by_preferred with the root package
+        if versions.size > 1
+          @source.sort_versions_by_preferred(package, versions)
+        else
+          versions
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/retry.rb b/lib/bundler/retry.rb
index 090cb7e2ca..49b0f63838 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/retry.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/retry.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ module Bundler
     attr_accessor :name, :total_runs, :current_run
 
     class << self
+      attr_accessor :default_base_delay
+
       def default_attempts
         default_retries + 1
       end
@@ -16,11 +18,17 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    def initialize(name, exceptions = nil, retries = self.class.default_retries)
+    # Set default base delay for exponential backoff
+    self.default_base_delay = 1.0
+
+    def initialize(name, exceptions = nil, retries = self.class.default_retries, opts = {})
       @name = name
       @retries = retries
       @exceptions = Array(exceptions) || []
       @total_runs = @retries + 1 # will run once, then upto attempts.times
+      @base_delay = opts[:base_delay] || self.class.default_base_delay
+      @max_delay = opts[:max_delay] || 60.0
+      @jitter = opts[:jitter] || 0.5
     end
 
     def attempt(&block)
@@ -48,9 +56,27 @@ module Bundler
         Bundler.ui.info "" unless Bundler.ui.debug?
         raise e
       end
-      return true unless name
-      Bundler.ui.info "" unless Bundler.ui.debug? # Add new line in case dots preceded this
-      Bundler.ui.warn "Retrying #{name} due to error (#{current_run.next}/#{total_runs}): #{e.class} #{e.message}", true
+      if name
+        Bundler.ui.info "" unless Bundler.ui.debug? # Add new line in case dots preceded this
+        Bundler.ui.warn "Retrying #{name} due to error (#{current_run.next}/#{total_runs}): #{e.class} #{e.message}", true
+      end
+      backoff_sleep if @base_delay > 0
+      true
+    end
+
+    def backoff_sleep
+      # Exponential backoff: delay = base_delay * 2^(attempt - 1)
+      # Add jitter to prevent thundering herd: random value between 0 and jitter seconds
+      delay = @base_delay * (2**(@current_run - 1))
+      delay = [@max_delay, delay].min
+      jitter_amount = rand * @jitter
+      total_delay = delay + jitter_amount
+      Bundler.ui.debug "Sleeping for #{total_delay.round(2)} seconds before retry"
+      sleep(total_delay)
+    end
+
+    def sleep(duration)
+      Kernel.sleep(duration)
     end
 
     def keep_trying?
diff --git a/lib/bundler/ruby_dsl.rb b/lib/bundler/ruby_dsl.rb
index cd88253f46..5e52f38c8f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/ruby_dsl.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/ruby_dsl.rb
@@ -42,21 +42,26 @@ module Bundler
     # Loads the file relative to the dirname of the Gemfile itself.
     def normalize_ruby_file(filename)
       file_content = Bundler.read_file(gemfile.dirname.join(filename))
-      # match "ruby-3.2.2", ruby = "3.2.2" or "ruby   3.2.2" capturing version string up to the first space or comment
-      if /^                    # Start of line
-         ruby                  # Literal "ruby"
-         [\s-]*                # Optional whitespace or hyphens (for "ruby-3.2.2" format)
-         (?:=\s*)?             # Optional equals sign with whitespace (for ruby = "3.2.2" format)
-         "?                    # Optional opening quote
-         (                     # Start capturing group
-           [^\s#"]+            # One or more chars that aren't spaces, #, or quotes
-         )                     # End capturing group
-         "?                    # Optional closing quote
-         /x.match(file_content)
-        $1
+      # match "ruby-3.2.2", ruby = "3.2.2", ruby = '3.2.2' or "ruby   3.2.2" capturing version string up to the first space or comment
+      version_match = /^               # Start of line
+                      ruby             # Literal "ruby"
+                      [\s-]*           # Optional whitespace or hyphens (for "ruby-3.2.2" format)
+                      (?:=\s*)?        # Optional equals sign with whitespace (for ruby = "3.2.2" format)
+                      (?:
+                        "([^"]+)"      # Double quoted version
+                        |
+                        '([^']+)'      # Single quoted version
+                        |
+                        ([^\s#"']+)    # Unquoted version
+                      )
+                      /x.match(file_content)
+      if version_match
+        version_match[1] || version_match[2] || version_match[3]
       else
         file_content.strip
       end
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      raise GemfileError, "Could not find version file #{filename}"
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/ruby_version.rb b/lib/bundler/ruby_version.rb
index 0ed5cbc6ca..aeff07582e 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/ruby_version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/ruby_version.rb
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ module Bundler
 
     def to_s(versions = self.versions)
       output = String.new("ruby #{versions_string(versions)}")
-      output << "p#{patchlevel}" if patchlevel && patchlevel != "-1"
       output << " (#{engine} #{versions_string(engine_versions)})" unless engine == "ruby"
 
       output
@@ -72,8 +71,7 @@ module Bundler
     def ==(other)
       versions == other.versions &&
         engine == other.engine &&
-        engine_versions == other.engine_versions &&
-        patchlevel == other.patchlevel
+        engine_versions == other.engine_versions
     end
 
     def host
@@ -98,8 +96,6 @@ module Bundler
         [:version, versions_string(versions), versions_string(other.versions)]
       elsif @input_engine && !matches?(engine_versions, other.engine_gem_version)
         [:engine_version, versions_string(engine_versions), versions_string(other.engine_versions)]
-      elsif patchlevel && (!patchlevel.is_a?(String) || !other.patchlevel.is_a?(String) || !matches?(patchlevel, other.patchlevel))
-        [:patchlevel, patchlevel, other.patchlevel]
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/rubygems_ext.rb b/lib/bundler/rubygems_ext.rb
index 33463618e5..4ad2bdf46f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/rubygems_ext.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/rubygems_ext.rb
@@ -13,15 +13,6 @@ require "rubygems" unless defined?(Gem)
 # `Gem::Source` from the redefined `Gem::Specification#source`.
 require "rubygems/source"
 
-# Cherry-pick fixes to `Gem.ruby_version` to be useful for modern Bundler
-# versions and ignore patchlevels
-# (https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/5472,
-# https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/5486). May be removed once RubyGems
-# 3.3.12 support is dropped.
-unless Gem.ruby_version.to_s == RUBY_VERSION || RUBY_PATCHLEVEL == -1
-  Gem.instance_variable_set(:@ruby_version, Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION))
-end
-
 module Gem
   # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.5.11 support is dropped
   unless Gem.respond_to?(:freebsd_platform?)
@@ -61,81 +52,122 @@ module Gem
   require "rubygems/platform"
 
   class Platform
-    JAVA  = Gem::Platform.new("java")
-    MSWIN = Gem::Platform.new("mswin32")
-    MSWIN64 = Gem::Platform.new("mswin64")
-    MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("x86-mingw32")
-    X64_MINGW = [Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw32"),
-                 Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw-ucrt")].freeze
-    UNIVERSAL_MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("universal-mingw")
-    WINDOWS = [MSWIN, MSWIN64, UNIVERSAL_MINGW].flatten.freeze
-    X64_LINUX = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux")
-    X64_LINUX_MUSL = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux-musl")
-
-    if X64_LINUX === X64_LINUX_MUSL
-      remove_method :===
-
-      def ===(other)
-        return nil unless Gem::Platform === other
-
-        # universal-mingw32 matches x64-mingw-ucrt
-        return true if (@cpu == "universal" || other.cpu == "universal") &&
-                       @os.start_with?("mingw") && other.os.start_with?("mingw")
-
-        # cpu
-        ([nil,"universal"].include?(@cpu) || [nil, "universal"].include?(other.cpu) || @cpu == other.cpu ||
-        (@cpu == "arm" && other.cpu.start_with?("armv"))) &&
-
-          # os
-          @os == other.os &&
-
-          # version
-          (
-            (@os != "linux" && (@version.nil? || other.version.nil?)) ||
-            (@os == "linux" && (normalized_linux_version_ext == other.normalized_linux_version_ext || ["musl#{@version}", "musleabi#{@version}", "musleabihf#{@version}"].include?(other.version))) ||
-            @version == other.version
-          )
-      end
+    # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.6.9 support is dropped
+    unless respond_to?(:generic)
+      JAVA  = Gem::Platform.new("java") # :nodoc:
+      MSWIN = Gem::Platform.new("mswin32") # :nodoc:
+      MSWIN64 = Gem::Platform.new("mswin64") # :nodoc:
+      MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("x86-mingw32") # :nodoc:
+      X64_MINGW_LEGACY = Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw32") # :nodoc:
+      X64_MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw-ucrt") # :nodoc:
+      UNIVERSAL_MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("universal-mingw") # :nodoc:
+      WINDOWS = [MSWIN, MSWIN64, UNIVERSAL_MINGW].freeze # :nodoc:
+      X64_LINUX = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux") # :nodoc:
+      X64_LINUX_MUSL = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux-musl") # :nodoc:
+
+      GENERICS = [JAVA, *WINDOWS].freeze # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :GENERICS
+
+      GENERIC_CACHE = GENERICS.each_with_object({}) {|g, h| h[g] = g } # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :GENERIC_CACHE
 
-      # This is a copy of RubyGems 3.3.23 or higher `normalized_linux_method`.
-      # Once only 3.3.23 is supported, we can use the method in RubyGems.
-      def normalized_linux_version_ext
-        return nil unless @version
+      class << self
+        ##
+        # Returns the generic platform for the given platform.
 
-        without_gnu_nor_abi_modifiers = @version.sub(/\Agnu/, "").sub(/eabi(hf)?\Z/, "")
-        return nil if without_gnu_nor_abi_modifiers.empty?
+        def generic(platform)
+          return Gem::Platform::RUBY if platform.nil? || platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
 
-        without_gnu_nor_abi_modifiers
-      end
-    end
-  end
+          GENERIC_CACHE[platform] ||= begin
+            found = GENERICS.find do |match|
+              platform === match
+            end
+            found || Gem::Platform::RUBY
+          end
+        end
 
-  Platform.singleton_class.module_eval do
-    unless Platform.singleton_methods.include?(:match_spec?)
-      def match_spec?(spec)
-        match_gem?(spec.platform, spec.name)
-      end
+        ##
+        # Returns the platform specificity match for the given spec platform and user platform.
 
-      def match_gem?(platform, gem_name)
-        match_platforms?(platform, Gem.platforms)
-      end
-    end
+        def platform_specificity_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+          return -1 if spec_platform == user_platform
+          return 1_000_000 if spec_platform.nil? || spec_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY || user_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
 
-    match_platforms_defined = Gem::Platform.respond_to?(:match_platforms?, true)
+          os_match(spec_platform, user_platform) +
+            cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 10 +
+            version_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 100
+        end
 
-    if !match_platforms_defined || Gem::Platform.send(:match_platforms?, Gem::Platform::X64_LINUX_MUSL, [Gem::Platform::X64_LINUX])
+        ##
+        # Sorts and filters the best platform match for the given matching specs and platform.
 
-      private
+        def sort_and_filter_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+          return matching if matching.one?
 
-      remove_method :match_platforms? if match_platforms_defined
+          exact = matching.select {|spec| spec.platform == platform }
+          return exact if exact.any?
 
-      def match_platforms?(platform, platforms)
-        platforms.any? do |local_platform|
-          platform.nil? ||
-            local_platform == platform ||
-            (local_platform != Gem::Platform::RUBY && platform =~ local_platform)
+          sorted_matching = sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+          exemplary_spec = sorted_matching.first
+
+          sorted_matching.take_while {|spec| same_specificity?(platform, spec, exemplary_spec) && same_deps?(spec, exemplary_spec) }
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Sorts the best platform match for the given matching specs and platform.
+
+        def sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+          matching.sort_by.with_index do |spec, i|
+            [
+              platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform),
+              i, # for stable sort
+            ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def same_specificity?(platform, spec, exemplary_spec)
+          platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform) == platform_specificity_match(exemplary_spec.platform, platform)
+        end
+
+        def same_deps?(spec, exemplary_spec)
+          spec.required_ruby_version == exemplary_spec.required_ruby_version &&
+            spec.required_rubygems_version == exemplary_spec.required_rubygems_version &&
+            spec.dependencies.sort == exemplary_spec.dependencies.sort
+        end
+
+        def os_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+          if spec_platform.os == user_platform.os
+            0
+          else
+            1
+          end
+        end
+
+        def cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+          if spec_platform.cpu == user_platform.cpu
+            0
+          elsif spec_platform.cpu == "arm" && user_platform.cpu.to_s.start_with?("arm")
+            0
+          elsif spec_platform.cpu.nil? || spec_platform.cpu == "universal"
+            1
+          else
+            2
+          end
+        end
+
+        def version_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+          if spec_platform.version == user_platform.version
+            0
+          elsif spec_platform.version.nil?
+            1
+          else
+            2
+          end
         end
       end
+
     end
   end
 
@@ -144,9 +176,6 @@ module Gem
   # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.5.14 support is dropped
   VALIDATES_FOR_RESOLUTION = Specification.new.respond_to?(:validate_for_resolution).freeze
 
-  # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.3.15 support is dropped
-  FLATTENS_REQUIRED_PATHS = Specification.new.respond_to?(:flatten_require_paths).freeze
-
   class Specification
     # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.5.15 support is dropped
     correct_array_attributes = @@default_value.select {|_k,v| v.is_a?(Array) }.keys
@@ -158,7 +187,6 @@ module Gem
     require_relative "match_platform"
 
     include ::Bundler::MatchMetadata
-    include ::Bundler::MatchPlatform
 
     attr_accessor :remote, :relative_loaded_from
 
@@ -214,23 +242,6 @@ module Gem
       full_gem_path
     end
 
-    unless const_defined?(:LATEST_RUBY_WITHOUT_PATCH_VERSIONS)
-      LATEST_RUBY_WITHOUT_PATCH_VERSIONS = Gem::Version.new("2.1")
-
-      alias_method :rg_required_ruby_version=, :required_ruby_version=
-      def required_ruby_version=(req)
-        self.rg_required_ruby_version = req
-
-        @required_ruby_version.requirements.map! do |op, v|
-          if v >= LATEST_RUBY_WITHOUT_PATCH_VERSIONS && v.release.segments.size == 4
-            [op == "~>" ? "=" : op, Gem::Version.new(v.segments.tap {|s| s.delete_at(3) }.join("."))]
-          else
-            [op, v]
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
     def insecurely_materialized?
       false
     end
@@ -262,31 +273,26 @@ module Gem
       !default_gem? && !File.directory?(full_gem_path)
     end
 
+    def lock_name
+      @lock_name ||= name_tuple.lock_name
+    end
+
     unless VALIDATES_FOR_RESOLUTION
       def validate_for_resolution
         SpecificationPolicy.new(self).validate_for_resolution
       end
     end
 
-    unless FLATTENS_REQUIRED_PATHS
-      def flatten_require_paths
-        return unless raw_require_paths.first.is_a?(Array)
-
-        warn "#{name} #{version} includes a gemspec with `require_paths` set to an array of arrays. Newer versions of this gem might've already fixed this"
-        raw_require_paths.flatten!
-      end
+    if Gem.rubygems_version < Gem::Version.new("3.5.22")
+      module FixPathSourceMissingExtensions
+        def missing_extensions?
+          return false if %w[Bundler::Source::Path Bundler::Source::Gemspec].include?(source.class.name)
 
-      class << self
-        module RequirePathFlattener
-          def from_yaml(input)
-            spec = super(input)
-            spec.flatten_require_paths
-            spec
-          end
+          super
         end
-
-        prepend RequirePathFlattener
       end
+
+      prepend FixPathSourceMissingExtensions
     end
 
     private
@@ -397,6 +403,11 @@ module Gem
         @ignored = missing_extensions?
       end
     end
+
+    # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.6.9 support is dropped
+    unless new.respond_to?(:installable_on_platform?)
+      include(::Bundler::MatchPlatform)
+    end
   end
 
   require "rubygems/name_tuple"
@@ -406,7 +417,7 @@ module Gem
     unless Gem::NameTuple.new("a", Gem::Version.new("1"), Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux")).platform.is_a?(String)
       alias_method :initialize_with_platform, :initialize
 
-      def initialize(name, version, platform=Gem::Platform::RUBY)
+      def initialize(name, version, platform = Gem::Platform::RUBY)
         if Gem::Platform === platform
           initialize_with_platform(name, version, platform.to_s)
         else
@@ -443,6 +454,39 @@ module Gem
     end
   end
 
+  unless Gem.rubygems_version >= Gem::Version.new("3.6.7")
+    module UnfreezeCompactIndexParsedResponse
+      def parse(line)
+        version, platform, dependencies, requirements = super
+        [version, platform, dependencies.frozen? ? dependencies.dup : dependencies, requirements.frozen? ? requirements.dup : requirements]
+      end
+    end
+
+    Resolver::APISet::GemParser.prepend(UnfreezeCompactIndexParsedResponse)
+  end
+
+  # RubyGems before 4.0.13 split compact index dependency/requirement entries
+  # on every colon, which mangles metadata values that contain colons such as
+  # the `created_at` timestamps the cooldown feature relies on. Split only on
+  # the first colon so those values survive on older RubyGems.
+  #
+  # The module is defined unconditionally so it stays testable on any RubyGems,
+  # but only prepended when the host RubyGems still has the buggy behavior.
+  module SplitCompactIndexEntryOnFirstColon
+    private
+
+    def parse_dependency(string)
+      dependency = string.split(":", 2)
+      dependency[-1] = dependency[-1].split("&") if dependency.size > 1
+      dependency[0] = -dependency[0]
+      dependency
+    end
+  end
+
+  unless Gem.rubygems_version >= Gem::Version.new("4.0.13")
+    Resolver::APISet::GemParser.prepend(SplitCompactIndexEntryOnFirstColon)
+  end
+
   if Gem.rubygems_version < Gem::Version.new("3.6.0")
     class Package; end
     require "rubygems/package/tar_reader"
@@ -456,15 +500,4 @@ module Gem
 
     Package::TarReader::Entry.prepend(FixFullNameEncoding)
   end
-
-  require "rubygems/uri"
-
-  # Can be removed once RubyGems 3.3.15 support is dropped
-  unless Gem::Uri.respond_to?(:redact)
-    class Uri
-      def self.redact(uri)
-        new(uri).redacted
-      end
-    end
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb b/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb
index 1af1b85ff0..fc019f54d2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb
@@ -20,14 +20,18 @@ module Bundler
       strict_rm_rf spec.extension_dir
 
       SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(gem_dir, :create) do
-        FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir, mode: 0o755
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir
       end
 
       SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(gem_dir, :write) do
         extract_files
       end
 
-      build_extensions if spec.extensions.any?
+      if options[:build_extension] == false
+        warn_skipped_extensions
+      elsif spec.extensions.any?
+        build_extensions
+      end
       write_build_info_file
       run_post_build_hooks
 
@@ -35,7 +39,12 @@ module Bundler
         generate_bin
       end
 
-      generate_plugins
+      if options[:install_plugin] == false
+        remove_stale_plugins
+        warn_skipped_plugins
+      else
+        generate_plugins
+      end
 
       write_spec
 
@@ -69,10 +78,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def generate_plugins
-      return unless Gem::Installer.instance_methods(false).include?(:generate_plugins)
-
-      latest = Gem::Specification.stubs_for(spec.name).first
-      return if latest && latest.version > spec.version
+      return unless Gem::Installer.method_defined?(:generate_plugins, false)
 
       ensure_writable_dir @plugins_dir
 
@@ -83,6 +89,20 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
+    def warn_skipped_extensions
+      return if spec.extensions.empty?
+
+      Bundler.ui.warn "#{spec.full_name} contains native extensions that were not built.\n" \
+                      "To build extensions, unset no_build_extension and run `bundle pristine #{spec.name}`."
+    end
+
+    def warn_skipped_plugins
+      return if spec.plugins.empty?
+
+      Bundler.ui.warn "#{spec.full_name} contains plugins that were not installed.\n" \
+                      "To install plugins, unset no_install_plugin and run `bundle pristine #{spec.name}`."
+    end
+
     if Bundler.rubygems.provides?("< 3.5.19")
       def generate_bin_script(filename, bindir)
         bin_script_path = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename)
@@ -103,6 +123,10 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
+    def build_jobs
+      Bundler.settings[:jobs] || super
+    end
+
     def build_extensions
       extension_cache_path = options[:bundler_extension_cache_path]
       extension_dir = spec.extension_dir
diff --git a/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb b/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb
index eddf36278c..e04ef23259 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb
@@ -214,16 +214,11 @@ module Bundler
           e.requirement = dep.requirement
           raise e
         end
-
-        # backwards compatibility shim, see https://github.com/rubygems/bundler/issues/5102
-        kernel_class.send(:public, :gem) if Bundler.feature_flag.setup_makes_kernel_gem_public?
       end
     end
 
     # Used to give better error messages when activating specs outside of the current bundle
     def replace_bin_path(specs_by_name)
-      gem_class = (class << Gem; self; end)
-
       redefine_method(gem_class, :find_spec_for_exe) do |gem_name, *args|
         exec_name = args.first
         raise ArgumentError, "you must supply exec_name" unless exec_name
@@ -345,9 +340,13 @@ module Bundler
         Gem::Specification.all = specs
       end
 
-      redefine_method((class << Gem; self; end), :finish_resolve) do |*|
+      redefine_method(gem_class, :finish_resolve) do |*|
         []
       end
+
+      redefine_method(gem_class, :load_plugins) do |*|
+        load_plugin_files specs.flat_map(&:plugins)
+      end
     end
 
     def plain_specs
@@ -417,11 +416,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def all_specs
-      SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.rubygems.all_specs has been removed in favor of Bundler.rubygems.installed_specs"
-
-      Gem::Specification.stubs.map do |stub|
-        StubSpecification.from_stub(stub)
-      end
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "Bundler.rubygems.all_specs has been removed in favor of Bundler.rubygems.installed_specs"
     end
 
     def installed_specs
@@ -437,7 +432,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def find_bundler(version)
-      find_name("bundler").find {|s| s.version.to_s == version }
+      find_name("bundler").find {|s| s.version.to_s == version.to_s }
     end
 
     def find_name(name)
@@ -447,6 +442,12 @@ module Bundler
     def default_stubs
       Gem::Specification.default_stubs("*.gemspec")
     end
+
+    private
+
+    def gem_class
+      class << Gem; self; end
+    end
   end
 
   def self.rubygems
diff --git a/lib/bundler/runtime.rb b/lib/bundler/runtime.rb
index 1225eb9f50..5280e72aa2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/runtime.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/runtime.rb
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ module Bundler
               raise Bundler::GemRequireError.new e,
                 "There was an error while trying to load the gem '#{file}'."
             end
-          rescue RuntimeError => e
+          rescue StandardError => e
             raise Bundler::GemRequireError.new e,
               "There was an error while trying to load the gem '#{file}'."
           end
@@ -130,11 +130,14 @@ module Bundler
 
       specs_to_cache.each do |spec|
         next if spec.name == "bundler"
-        next if spec.source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec)
-        if spec.source.respond_to?(:migrate_cache)
-          spec.source.migrate_cache(custom_path, local: local)
-        elsif spec.source.respond_to?(:cache)
-          spec.source.cache(spec, custom_path)
+
+        source = spec.source
+        next if source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec)
+
+        if source.respond_to?(:migrate_cache)
+          source.migrate_cache(custom_path, local: local)
+        elsif source.respond_to?(:cache)
+          source.cache(spec, custom_path)
         end
       end
 
@@ -171,7 +174,14 @@ module Bundler
       spec_cache_paths     = []
       spec_gemspec_paths   = []
       spec_extension_paths = []
-      Bundler.rubygems.add_default_gems_to(specs).values.each do |spec|
+      specs_to_keep = Bundler.rubygems.add_default_gems_to(specs).values
+
+      current_bundler = Bundler.rubygems.find_bundler(Bundler.gem_version)
+      if current_bundler
+        specs_to_keep << current_bundler
+      end
+
+      specs_to_keep.each do |spec|
         spec_gem_paths << spec.full_gem_path
         # need to check here in case gems are nested like for the rails git repo
         md = %r{(.+bundler/gems/.+-[a-f0-9]{7,12})}.match(spec.full_gem_path)
@@ -237,7 +247,11 @@ module Bundler
 
         cached.each do |path|
           Bundler.ui.info "  * #{File.basename(path)}"
-          File.delete(path)
+
+          begin
+            File.delete(path)
+          rescue Errno::ENOENT
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/self_manager.rb b/lib/bundler/self_manager.rb
index 2aeac6be52..82efbf56a4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/self_manager.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/self_manager.rb
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ module Bundler
   #
   class SelfManager
     def restart_with_locked_bundler_if_needed
-      return unless needs_switching? && installed?
+      restart_version = find_restart_version
+      return unless restart_version && installed?(restart_version)
 
       restart_with(restart_version)
     end
 
     def install_locked_bundler_and_restart_with_it_if_needed
-      return unless needs_switching?
+      restart_version = find_restart_version
+      return unless restart_version
 
       if restart_version == lockfile_version
         Bundler.ui.info \
@@ -29,8 +31,6 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def update_bundler_and_restart_with_it_if_needed(target)
-      return unless autoswitching_applies?
-
       spec = resolve_update_version_from(target)
       return unless spec
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       Bundler.ui.info "Updating bundler to #{version}."
 
-      install(spec)
+      install(spec) unless installed?(version)
 
       restart_with(version)
     end
@@ -63,52 +63,43 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def install(spec)
+      spec.source.download(spec)
       spec.source.install(spec)
     end
 
     def restart_with(version)
       configured_gem_home = ENV["GEM_HOME"]
+      configured_orig_gem_home = ENV["BUNDLER_ORIG_GEM_HOME"]
       configured_gem_path = ENV["GEM_PATH"]
+      configured_orig_gem_path = ENV["BUNDLER_ORIG_GEM_PATH"]
 
-      # Bundler specs need some stuff to be required before Bundler starts
-      # running, for example, for faking the compact index API. However, these
-      # flags are lost when we reexec to a different version of Bundler. In the
-      # future, we may be able to properly reconstruct the original Ruby
-      # invocation (see https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6648), but for now
-      # there's no way to do it, so we need to be explicit about how to re-exec.
-      # This may be a feature end users request at some point, but maybe by that
-      # time, we have builtin tools to do. So for now, we use an undocumented
-      # ENV variable only for our specs.
-      bundler_spec_original_cmd = ENV["BUNDLER_SPEC_ORIGINAL_CMD"]
-      if bundler_spec_original_cmd
-        require "shellwords"
-        cmd = [*Shellwords.shellsplit(bundler_spec_original_cmd), *ARGV]
-      else
-        argv0 = File.exist?($PROGRAM_NAME) ? $PROGRAM_NAME : Process.argv0
-        cmd = [argv0, *ARGV]
-        cmd.unshift(Gem.ruby) unless File.executable?(argv0)
-      end
+      argv0 = File.exist?($PROGRAM_NAME) ? $PROGRAM_NAME : Process.argv0
+      cmd = [argv0, *ARGV]
+      cmd.unshift(Gem.ruby) unless File.executable?(argv0)
 
       Bundler.with_original_env do
         Kernel.exec(
-          { "GEM_HOME" => configured_gem_home, "GEM_PATH" => configured_gem_path, "BUNDLER_VERSION" => version.to_s },
+          {
+            "GEM_HOME" => configured_gem_home,
+            "BUNDLER_ORIG_GEM_HOME" => configured_orig_gem_home,
+            "GEM_PATH" => configured_gem_path,
+            "BUNDLER_ORIG_GEM_PATH" => configured_orig_gem_path,
+            "BUNDLER_VERSION" => version.to_s,
+          },
           *cmd
         )
       end
     end
 
-    def needs_switching?
+    def needs_switching?(restart_version)
       autoswitching_applies? &&
-        Bundler.settings[:version] != "system" &&
         released?(restart_version) &&
-        !running?(restart_version) &&
-        !updating?
+        !running?(restart_version)
     end
 
     def autoswitching_applies?
-      ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"].nil? &&
+      (ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"].nil? || ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"].empty?) &&
         ruby_can_restart_with_same_arguments? &&
-        SharedHelpers.in_bundle? &&
         lockfile_version
     end
 
@@ -142,6 +133,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def find_latest_matching_spec(requirement)
+      Bundler.configure
       local_result = find_latest_matching_spec_from_collection(local_specs, requirement)
       return local_result if local_result && requirement.specific?
 
@@ -171,18 +163,14 @@ module Bundler
       $PROGRAM_NAME != "-e"
     end
 
-    def updating?
-      "update".start_with?(ARGV.first || " ") && ARGV[1..-1].any? {|a| a.start_with?("--bundler") }
-    end
-
-    def installed?
+    def installed?(restart_version)
       Bundler.configure
 
       Bundler.rubygems.find_bundler(restart_version.to_s)
     end
 
     def current_version
-      @current_version ||= Gem::Version.new(Bundler::VERSION)
+      @current_version ||= Bundler.gem_version
     end
 
     def lockfile_version
@@ -194,13 +182,16 @@ module Bundler
       @lockfile_version = nil
     end
 
-    def restart_version
-      return @restart_version if defined?(@restart_version)
-      # BUNDLE_VERSION=x.y.z
-      @restart_version = Gem::Version.new(Bundler.settings[:version])
-    rescue ArgumentError
-      # BUNDLE_VERSION=lockfile
-      @restart_version = lockfile_version
+    def find_restart_version
+      return unless SharedHelpers.in_bundle?
+
+      configured_version = Bundler.settings[:version]
+      return if configured_version == "system"
+
+      restart_version = configured_version == "lockfile" ? lockfile_version : Gem::Version.new(configured_version)
+      return unless needs_switching?(restart_version)
+
+      restart_version
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/settings.rb b/lib/bundler/settings.rb
index cde01e0181..fd77c2f7fc 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/settings.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/settings.rb
@@ -7,13 +7,10 @@ module Bundler
     autoload :Validator, File.expand_path("settings/validator", __dir__)
 
     BOOL_KEYS = %w[
-      allow_offline_install
-      auto_clean_without_path
       auto_install
       cache_all
       cache_all_platforms
       clean
-      default_install_uses_path
       deployment
       disable_checksum_validation
       disable_exec_load
@@ -22,45 +19,32 @@ module Bundler
       disable_shared_gems
       disable_version_check
       force_ruby_platform
-      forget_cli_options
       frozen
       gem.changelog
       gem.coc
       gem.mit
+      gem.bundle
       git.allow_insecure
       global_gem_cache
       ignore_messages
       init_gems_rb
       inline
       lockfile_checksums
+      no_build_extension
       no_install
+      no_install_plugin
       no_prune
-      path_relative_to_cwd
       path.system
       plugins
       prefer_patch
-      print_only_version_number
-      setup_makes_kernel_gem_public
       silence_deprecations
       silence_root_warning
       update_requires_all_flag
-    ].freeze
-
-    REMEMBERED_KEYS = %w[
-      bin
-      cache_all
-      clean
-      deployment
-      frozen
-      no_prune
-      path
-      shebang
-      path.system
-      without
-      with
+      verbose
     ].freeze
 
     NUMBER_KEYS = %w[
+      cooldown
       jobs
       redirect
       retry
@@ -78,14 +62,17 @@ module Bundler
       bin
       cache_path
       console
+      default_cli_command
       gem.ci
       gem.github_username
       gem.linter
       gem.rubocop
       gem.test
       gemfile
+      lockfile
       path
       shebang
+      simulate_version
       system_bindir
       trust-policy
       version
@@ -99,6 +86,11 @@ module Bundler
       "BUNDLE_RETRY" => 3,
       "BUNDLE_TIMEOUT" => 10,
       "BUNDLE_VERSION" => "lockfile",
+      "BUNDLE_LOCKFILE_CHECKSUMS" => true,
+      "BUNDLE_CACHE_ALL" => true,
+      "BUNDLE_PLUGINS" => true,
+      "BUNDLE_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE" => false,
+      "BUNDLE_UPDATE_REQUIRES_ALL_FLAG" => false,
     }.freeze
 
     def initialize(root = nil)
@@ -130,12 +122,8 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def set_command_option(key, value)
-      if !is_remembered(key) || Bundler.feature_flag.forget_cli_options?
-        temporary(key => value)
-        value
-      else
-        set_local(key, value)
-      end
+      temporary(key => value)
+      value
     end
 
     def set_command_option_if_given(key, value)
@@ -274,7 +262,7 @@ module Bundler
       def use_system_gems?
         return true if system_path
         return false if explicit_path
-        !Bundler.feature_flag.default_install_uses_path?
+        !Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_5_mode?
       end
 
       def base_path
@@ -319,6 +307,10 @@ module Bundler
       @app_cache_path ||= self[:cache_path] || "vendor/cache"
     end
 
+    def installation_parallelization
+      self[:jobs] || processor_count
+    end
+
     def validate!
       all.each do |raw_key|
         [@local_config, @env_config, @global_config].each do |settings|
@@ -389,10 +381,6 @@ module Bundler
       ARRAY_KEYS.include?(self.class.key_to_s(key))
     end
 
-    def is_remembered(key)
-      REMEMBERED_KEYS.include?(self.class.key_to_s(key))
-    end
-
     def is_credential(key)
       key == "gem.push_key"
     end
@@ -496,7 +484,7 @@ module Bundler
       SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(config_file, :read) do |file|
         valid_file = file.exist? && !file.size.zero?
         return {} unless valid_file
-        serializer_class.load(file.read).inject({}) do |config, (k, v)|
+        (serializer_class.load(file.read) || {}).inject({}) do |config, (k, v)|
           k = k.dup
           k << "/" if /https?:/i.match?(k) && !k.end_with?("/", "__#{FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_URI_OPTION.upcase}")
           k.gsub!(".", "__")
diff --git a/lib/bundler/settings/validator.rb b/lib/bundler/settings/validator.rb
index 0a57ea7f03..70a0ca36d4 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/settings/validator.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/settings/validator.rb
@@ -75,27 +75,11 @@ module Bundler
         end
       end
 
-      rule %w[path], "relative paths are expanded relative to the current working directory" do |key, value, settings|
-        next if value.nil?
-
-        path = Pathname.new(value)
-        next if !path.relative? || !Bundler.feature_flag.path_relative_to_cwd?
-
-        path = path.expand_path
-
-        root = begin
-                 Bundler.root
-               rescue GemfileNotFound
-                 Pathname.pwd.expand_path
-               end
-
-        path = begin
-                 path.relative_path_from(root)
-               rescue ArgumentError
-                 path
-               end
-
-        set(settings, key, path.to_s)
+      rule %w[default_cli_command], "default_cli_command must be either 'install' or 'cli_help'" do |key, value, _settings|
+        valid_values = %w[install cli_help]
+        if !value.nil? && !valid_values.include?(value.to_s)
+          fail!(key, value, "must be one of: #{valid_values.join(", ")}")
+        end
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/shared_helpers.rb b/lib/bundler/shared_helpers.rb
index 1ef9d61361..2aa8abe0a0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/shared_helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/shared_helpers.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ require_relative "version"
 require_relative "rubygems_integration"
 require_relative "current_ruby"
 
-autoload :Pathname, "pathname"
-
 module Bundler
   autoload :WINDOWS, File.expand_path("constants", __dir__)
   autoload :FREEBSD, File.expand_path("constants", __dir__)
@@ -25,6 +23,9 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def default_lockfile
+      given = ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"]
+      return Pathname.new(given) if given && !given.empty?
+
       gemfile = default_gemfile
 
       case gemfile.basename.to_s
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     def pwd
       Bundler.rubygems.ext_lock.synchronize do
-        Pathname.pwd
+        Dir.pwd
       end
     end
 
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ module Bundler
     def filesystem_access(path, action = :write, &block)
       yield(path.dup)
     rescue Errno::EACCES => e
-      raise unless e.message.include?(path.to_s) || action == :create
+      path_basename = File.basename(path.to_s)
+      raise unless e.message.include?(path_basename) || action == :create
 
       raise PermissionError.new(path, action)
     rescue Errno::EAGAIN
@@ -125,24 +127,17 @@ module Bundler
       raise GenericSystemCallError.new(e, "There was an error #{[:create, :write].include?(action) ? "creating" : "accessing"} `#{path}`.")
     end
 
-    def major_deprecation(major_version, message, removed_message: nil, print_caller_location: false)
-      if print_caller_location
-        caller_location = caller_locations(2, 2).first
-        suffix = " (called at #{caller_location.path}:#{caller_location.lineno})"
-        message += suffix
-        removed_message += suffix if removed_message
-      end
+    def feature_deprecated!(message)
+      return unless prints_major_deprecations?
 
-      bundler_major_version = Bundler.bundler_major_version
-      if bundler_major_version > major_version
-        require_relative "errors"
-        raise DeprecatedError, "[REMOVED] #{removed_message || message}"
-      end
-
-      return unless bundler_major_version >= major_version && prints_major_deprecations?
       Bundler.ui.warn("[DEPRECATED] #{message}")
     end
 
+    def feature_removed!(message)
+      require_relative "errors"
+      raise RemovedError, "[REMOVED] #{message}"
+    end
+
     def print_major_deprecations!
       multiple_gemfiles = search_up(".") do |dir|
         gemfiles = gemfile_names.select {|gf| File.file? File.expand_path(gf, dir) }
@@ -306,6 +301,7 @@ module Bundler
     def set_bundle_variables
       Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_BIN_PATH", bundle_bin_path
       Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_GEMFILE", find_gemfile.to_s
+      Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLE_LOCKFILE", default_lockfile.to_s
       Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLER_VERSION", Bundler::VERSION
       Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "BUNDLER_SETUP", File.expand_path("setup", __dir__)
     end
@@ -386,7 +382,6 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def prints_major_deprecations?
-      require_relative "../bundler"
       return false if Bundler.settings[:silence_deprecations]
       require_relative "deprecate"
       return false if Bundler::Deprecate.skip
diff --git a/lib/bundler/similarity_detector.rb b/lib/bundler/similarity_detector.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 50e66b9cab..0000000000
--- a/lib/bundler/similarity_detector.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Bundler
-  class SimilarityDetector
-    SimilarityScore = Struct.new(:string, :distance)
-
-    # initialize with an array of words to be matched against
-    def initialize(corpus)
-      @corpus = corpus
-    end
-
-    # return an array of words similar to 'word' from the corpus
-    def similar_words(word, limit = 3)
-      words_by_similarity = @corpus.map {|w| SimilarityScore.new(w, levenshtein_distance(word, w)) }
-      words_by_similarity.select {|s| s.distance <= limit }.sort_by(&:distance).map(&:string)
-    end
-
-    # return the result of 'similar_words', concatenated into a list
-    # (eg "a, b, or c")
-    def similar_word_list(word, limit = 3)
-      words = similar_words(word, limit)
-      if words.length == 1
-        words[0]
-      elsif words.length > 1
-        [words[0..-2].join(", "), words[-1]].join(" or ")
-      end
-    end
-
-    protected
-
-    # https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=683059&seqNum=36
-    def levenshtein_distance(this, that, ins = 2, del = 2, sub = 1)
-      # ins, del, sub are weighted costs
-      return nil if this.nil?
-      return nil if that.nil?
-      dm = [] # distance matrix
-
-      # Initialize first row values
-      dm[0] = (0..this.length).collect {|i| i * ins }
-      fill = [0] * (this.length - 1)
-
-      # Initialize first column values
-      (1..that.length).each do |i|
-        dm[i] = [i * del, fill.flatten]
-      end
-
-      # populate matrix
-      (1..that.length).each do |i|
-        (1..this.length).each do |j|
-          # critical comparison
-          dm[i][j] = [
-            dm[i - 1][j - 1] + (this[j - 1] == that[i - 1] ? 0 : sub),
-            dm[i][j - 1] + ins,
-            dm[i - 1][j] + del,
-          ].min
-        end
-      end
-
-      # The last value in matrix is the Levenshtein distance between the strings
-      dm[that.length][this.length]
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source.rb b/lib/bundler/source.rb
index 232873503b..cf71be8801 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ module Bundler
       message
     end
 
+    def download(*); end
+
     def can_lock?(spec)
       spec.source == self
     end
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def extension_cache_path(spec)
-      return unless Bundler.feature_flag.global_gem_cache?
+      return unless Bundler.settings[:global_gem_cache]
       return unless source_slug = extension_cache_slug(spec)
       Bundler.user_cache.join(
         "extensions", Gem::Platform.local.to_s, Bundler.ruby_scope,
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/gemspec.rb b/lib/bundler/source/gemspec.rb
index 7e3447e776..ed766dbe74 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/gemspec.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/gemspec.rb
@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ module Bundler
   class Source
     class Gemspec < Path
       attr_reader :gemspec
+      attr_writer :checksum_store
 
       def initialize(options)
         super
         @gemspec = options["gemspec"]
       end
 
-      def as_path_source
-        Path.new(options)
+      def to_s
+        "gemspec at `#{@path}`"
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/git.rb b/lib/bundler/source/git.rb
index d57944ee12..a002a2570a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/git.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/git.rb
@@ -191,8 +191,13 @@ module Bundler
         set_cache_path!(app_cache_path) if use_app_cache?
 
         if requires_checkout? && !@copied
-          fetch unless use_app_cache?
-          checkout
+          Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GIT_BEFORE_FETCH, self)
+          begin
+            fetch unless use_app_cache?
+            checkout
+          ensure
+            Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GIT_AFTER_FETCH, self)
+          end
         end
 
         local_specs
@@ -238,7 +243,7 @@ module Bundler
       # across different projects, this cache will be shared.
       # When using local git repos, this is set to the local repo.
       def cache_path
-        @cache_path ||= if Bundler.feature_flag.global_gem_cache?
+        @cache_path ||= if Bundler.settings[:global_gem_cache]
           Bundler.user_cache
         else
           Bundler.bundle_path.join("cache", "bundler")
@@ -268,7 +273,7 @@ module Bundler
       private
 
       def cache_to(custom_path, try_migrate: false)
-        return unless Bundler.feature_flag.cache_all?
+        return unless Bundler.settings[:cache_all]
 
         app_cache_path = app_cache_path(custom_path)
 
@@ -416,7 +421,6 @@ module Bundler
       def fetch
         git_proxy.checkout
       rescue GitError => e
-        raise unless Bundler.feature_flag.allow_offline_install?
         Bundler.ui.warn "Using cached git data because of network errors:\n#{e}"
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb b/lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb
index e01c5876de..8094dcaa9d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ module Bundler
         def initialize(command)
           msg = String.new
           msg << "Bundler is trying to run `#{command}` at runtime. You probably need to run `bundle install`. However, "
-          msg << "this error message could probably be more useful. Please submit a ticket at https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md "
+          msg << "this error message could probably be more useful. Please submit a ticket at https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/issues/new?labels=Bundler&template=bundler-related-issue.md "
           msg << "with steps to reproduce as well as the following\n\nCALLER: #{caller.join("\n")}"
           super msg
         end
@@ -57,6 +57,29 @@ module Bundler
         attr_accessor :path, :uri, :branch, :tag, :ref, :explicit_ref
         attr_writer :revision
 
+        def self.version
+          @version ||= full_version[/((\.?\d+)+).*/, 1]
+        end
+
+        def self.full_version
+          @full_version ||= begin
+            raise GitNotInstalledError.new unless Bundler.git_present?
+
+            require "open3"
+            out, err, status = Open3.capture3("git", "--version")
+
+            raise GitCommandError.new("--version", SharedHelpers.pwd, err) unless status.success?
+            Bundler.ui.warn err unless err.empty?
+
+            out.sub(/git version\s*/, "").strip
+          end
+        end
+
+        def self.reset
+          @version = nil
+          @full_version = nil
+        end
+
         def initialize(path, uri, options = {}, revision = nil, git = nil)
           @path     = path
           @uri      = uri
@@ -92,11 +115,11 @@ module Bundler
         end
 
         def version
-          @version ||= full_version.match(/((\.?\d+)+).*/)[1]
+          self.class.version
         end
 
         def full_version
-          @full_version ||= git_local("--version").sub(/git version\s*/, "").strip
+          self.class.full_version
         end
 
         def checkout
@@ -121,7 +144,7 @@ module Bundler
                 FileUtils.rm_rf(p)
               end
               git "clone", "--no-checkout", "--quiet", path.to_s, destination.to_s
-              File.chmod(((File.stat(destination).mode | 0o777) & ~File.umask), destination)
+              File.chmod((File.stat(destination).mode | 0o777) & ~File.umask, destination)
             rescue Errno::EEXIST => e
               file_path = e.message[%r{.*?((?:[a-zA-Z]:)?/.*)}, 1]
               raise GitError, "Bundler could not install a gem because it needs to " \
@@ -137,7 +160,7 @@ module Bundler
             git "fetch", "--force", "--quiet", *extra_fetch_args(ref), dir: destination
           end
 
-          git "reset", "--hard", @revision, dir: destination
+          git "reset", "--hard", revision, dir: destination
 
           if submodules
             git_retry "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", dir: destination
@@ -156,7 +179,7 @@ module Bundler
         private
 
         def git_remote_fetch(args)
-          command = ["fetch", "--force", "--quiet", "--no-tags", *args, "--", configured_uri, refspec].compact
+          command = fetch_command(args)
           command_with_no_credentials = check_allowed(command)
 
           Bundler::Retry.new("`#{command_with_no_credentials}` at #{path}", [MissingGitRevisionError]).attempts do
@@ -166,6 +189,11 @@ module Bundler
             if err.include?("couldn't find remote ref") || err.include?("not our ref")
               raise MissingGitRevisionError.new(command_with_no_credentials, path, commit || explicit_ref, credential_filtered_uri)
             else
+              if shallow?
+                args -= depth_args
+                command = fetch_command(args)
+                command_with_no_credentials = check_allowed(command)
+              end
               raise GitCommandError.new(command_with_no_credentials, path, err)
             end
           end
@@ -178,23 +206,22 @@ module Bundler
             FileUtils.mkdir_p(p)
           end
 
-          command = ["clone", "--bare", "--no-hardlinks", "--quiet", *extra_clone_args, "--", configured_uri, path.to_s]
+          clone_args = extra_clone_args
+          command = clone_command(clone_args)
           command_with_no_credentials = check_allowed(command)
 
           Bundler::Retry.new("`#{command_with_no_credentials}`", [MissingGitRevisionError]).attempts do
             _, err, status = capture(command, nil)
             return extra_ref if status.success?
 
-            if err.include?("Could not find remote branch")
+            if err.include?("Could not find remote branch") || # git up to 2.49
+               err.include?("Remote branch #{branch_option} not found") # git 2.49 or higher
               raise MissingGitRevisionError.new(command_with_no_credentials, nil, explicit_ref, credential_filtered_uri)
             else
-              idx = command.index("--depth")
-              if idx
-                command.delete_at(idx)
-                command.delete_at(idx)
+              if shallow?
+                clone_args -= depth_args
+                command = clone_command(clone_args)
                 command_with_no_credentials = check_allowed(command)
-
-                err += "Retrying without --depth argument."
               end
               raise GitCommandError.new(command_with_no_credentials, path, err)
             end
@@ -203,14 +230,14 @@ module Bundler
 
         def clone_needs_unshallow?
           return false unless path.join("shallow").exist?
-          return true if full_clone?
+          return true unless shallow?
 
           @revision && @revision != head_revision
         end
 
         def extra_ref
           return false if not_pinned?
-          return true unless full_clone?
+          return true if shallow?
 
           ref.start_with?("refs/")
         end
@@ -262,7 +289,7 @@ module Bundler
         end
 
         def not_pinned?
-          branch || tag || ref.nil?
+          branch_option || ref.nil?
         end
 
         def pinned_to_full_sha?
@@ -304,8 +331,8 @@ module Bundler
         end
 
         def has_revision_cached?
-          return unless @revision && path.exist?
-          git("cat-file", "-e", @revision, dir: path)
+          return unless commit && path.exist?
+          git("cat-file", "-e", commit, dir: path)
           true
         rescue GitError
           false
@@ -405,13 +432,14 @@ module Bundler
         end
 
         def capture3_args_for(cmd, dir)
-          return ["git", *cmd] unless dir
+          # Disable automatic maintenance so a background commit-graph write in
+          # the source repo can't race the hardlinking local clone and fail with
+          # "hardlink different from source".
+          opts = ["-c", "gc.auto=0", "-c", "maintenance.auto=false"]
 
-          if Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_3_mode? || supports_minus_c?
-            ["git", "-C", dir.to_s, *cmd]
-          else
-            ["git", *cmd, { chdir: dir.to_s }]
-          end
+          return ["git", *opts, *cmd] unless dir
+
+          ["git", "-C", dir.to_s, *opts, *cmd]
         end
 
         def extra_clone_args
@@ -426,12 +454,20 @@ module Bundler
           # anyways.
           return args if @revision
 
-          args += ["--branch", branch || tag] if branch || tag
+          args += ["--branch", branch_option] if branch_option
           args
         end
 
+        def fetch_command(args)
+          ["fetch", "--force", "--quiet", "--no-tags", *args, "--", configured_uri, refspec].compact
+        end
+
+        def clone_command(args)
+          ["clone", "--bare", "--no-hardlinks", "--quiet", *args, "--", configured_uri, path.to_s]
+        end
+
         def depth_args
-          return [] if full_clone?
+          return [] unless shallow?
 
           ["--depth", depth.to_s]
         end
@@ -442,12 +478,12 @@ module Bundler
           extra_args
         end
 
-        def full_clone?
-          depth.nil?
+        def branch_option
+          branch || tag
         end
 
-        def supports_minus_c?
-          @supports_minus_c ||= Gem::Version.new(version) >= Gem::Version.new("1.8.5")
+        def shallow?
+          !depth.nil?
         end
 
         def needs_allow_any_sha1_in_want?
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/metadata.rb b/lib/bundler/source/metadata.rb
index fd959cd64e..ecf8895187 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/metadata.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/metadata.rb
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ module Bundler
       def version_message(spec)
         "#{spec.name} #{spec.version}"
       end
+
+      def checksum_store
+        @checksum_store ||= Checksum::Store.new
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/path.rb b/lib/bundler/source/path.rb
index a24cd8159e..366a23aea7 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/path.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/path.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ module Bundler
           @path = Pathname.new(options["path"])
           expanded_path = expand(@path)
           @path = if @path.relative?
-            expanded_path.relative_path_from(root_path.expand_path)
+            expanded_path.relative_path_from(File.expand_path(root_path))
           else
             expanded_path
           end
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ module Bundler
         "source at `#{@path}`"
       end
 
+      alias_method :identifier, :to_s
+
       alias_method :to_gemfile, :path
 
       def hash
@@ -60,8 +62,8 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def eql?(other)
-        return unless other.class == self.class
-        expanded_original_path == other.expanded_original_path &&
+        [Gemspec, Path].include?(other.class) &&
+          expanded_original_path == other.expanded_original_path &&
           version == other.version
       end
 
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       def cache(spec, custom_path = nil)
         app_cache_path = app_cache_path(custom_path)
-        return unless Bundler.feature_flag.cache_all?
+        return unless Bundler.settings[:cache_all]
         return if expand(@original_path).to_s.index(root_path.to_s + "/") == 0
 
         unless @original_path.exist?
@@ -124,11 +126,7 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def expand(somepath)
-        if Bundler.current_ruby.jruby? # TODO: Unify when https://github.com/rubygems/bundler/issues/7598 fixed upstream and all supported jrubies include the fix
-          somepath.expand_path(root_path).expand_path
-        else
-          somepath.expand_path(root_path)
-        end
+        somepath.expand_path(root_path)
       rescue ArgumentError => e
         Bundler.ui.debug(e)
         raise PathError, "There was an error while trying to use the path " \
@@ -167,6 +165,13 @@ module Bundler
             next unless spec = load_gemspec(file)
             spec.source = self
 
+            # The ignore attribute is for ignoring installed gems that don't
+            # have extensions correctly compiled for activation. In the case of
+            # path sources, there's a single version of each gem in the path
+            # source available to Bundler, so we always certainly want to
+            # consider that for activation and never makes sense to ignore it.
+            spec.ignored = false
+
             # Validation causes extension_dir to be calculated, which depends
             # on #source, so we validate here instead of load_gemspec
             validate_spec(spec)
@@ -215,10 +220,11 @@ module Bundler
         # Some gem authors put absolute paths in their gemspec
         # and we have to save them from themselves
         spec.files = spec.files.filter_map do |path|
-          next path unless /\A#{Pathname::SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(path)
+          pathname = Pathname.new(path)
+          next path unless pathname.absolute?
           next if File.directory?(path)
           begin
-            Pathname.new(path).relative_path_from(gem_dir).to_s
+            pathname.relative_path_from(gem_dir).to_s
           rescue ArgumentError
             path
           end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/path/installer.rb b/lib/bundler/source/path/installer.rb
index 0af28fe770..39765e5da2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/path/installer.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/path/installer.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ module Bundler
         def post_install
           run_hooks(:pre_install)
 
-          unless @disable_extensions
+          unless @disable_extensions || Bundler.settings[:no_build_extension]
             build_extensions
             run_hooks(:post_build)
           end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb
index 19800e9c58..ed864604fe 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb
@@ -8,21 +8,26 @@ module Bundler
       autoload :Remote, File.expand_path("rubygems/remote", __dir__)
 
       # Ask for X gems per API request
-      API_REQUEST_SIZE = 50
+      API_REQUEST_SIZE = 100
+      REQUIRE_MUTEX = Mutex.new
 
       attr_accessor :remotes
 
       def initialize(options = {})
         @options = options
         @remotes = []
+        @remote_cooldowns = {}
         @dependency_names = []
         @allow_remote = false
         @allow_cached = false
         @allow_local = options["allow_local"] || false
         @prefer_local = false
         @checksum_store = Checksum::Store.new
+        @gem_installers = {}
+        @gem_installers_mutex = Mutex.new
 
-        Array(options["remotes"]).reverse_each {|r| add_remote(r) }
+        cooldown = options["cooldown"]
+        Array(options["remotes"]).reverse_each {|r| add_remote(r, cooldown: cooldown) }
 
         @lockfile_remotes = @remotes if options["from_lockfile"]
       end
@@ -145,6 +150,13 @@ module Bundler
           # sources, and large_idx.merge! small_idx is way faster than
           # small_idx.merge! large_idx.
           index = @allow_remote ? remote_specs.dup : Index.new
+
+          # Snapshot per-version `created_at` from the remote info before installed
+          # / cached specs overwrite the EndpointSpecification objects that carry
+          # it. The cooldown filter consults `created_at` on every candidate, so
+          # local stubs need the published date back-filled to participate.
+          remote_created_at = collect_remote_created_at(index)
+
           index.merge!(cached_specs) if @allow_cached
           index.merge!(installed_specs) if @allow_local
 
@@ -158,66 +170,57 @@ module Bundler
             end
           end
 
+          backfill_created_at(index, remote_created_at) unless remote_created_at.empty?
+
           index
         end
       end
 
-      def install(spec, options = {})
+      def download(spec, options = {})
         if (spec.default_gem? && !cached_built_in_gem(spec, local: options[:local])) || (installed?(spec) && !options[:force])
-          print_using_message "Using #{version_message(spec, options[:previous_spec])}"
-          return nil # no post-install message
+          return true
         end
 
-        if spec.remote
-          # Check for this spec from other sources
-          uris = [spec.remote, *remotes_for_spec(spec)].map(&:anonymized_uri).uniq
-          Installer.ambiguous_gems << [spec.name, *uris] if uris.length > 1
-        end
-
-        path = fetch_gem_if_possible(spec, options[:previous_spec])
-        raise GemNotFound, "Could not find #{spec.file_name} for installation" unless path
-
-        return if Bundler.settings[:no_install]
-
-        install_path = rubygems_dir
-        bin_path     = Bundler.system_bindir
-
-        require_relative "../rubygems_gem_installer"
-
-        installer = Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller.at(
-          path,
-          security_policy: Bundler.rubygems.security_policies[Bundler.settings["trust-policy"]],
-          install_dir: install_path.to_s,
-          bin_dir: bin_path.to_s,
-          ignore_dependencies: true,
-          wrappers: true,
-          env_shebang: true,
-          build_args: options[:build_args],
-          bundler_extension_cache_path: extension_cache_path(spec)
-        )
+        installer = rubygems_gem_installer(spec, options)
 
         if spec.remote
           s = begin
             installer.spec
           rescue Gem::Package::FormatError
-            Bundler.rm_rf(path)
+            Bundler.rm_rf(installer.gem)
             raise
           rescue Gem::Security::Exception => e
             raise SecurityError,
-             "The gem #{File.basename(path, ".gem")} can't be installed because " \
+             "The gem #{installer.gem} can't be installed because " \
              "the security policy didn't allow it, with the message: #{e.message}"
           end
 
           spec.__swap__(s)
         end
 
+        spec
+      end
+
+      def install(spec, options = {})
+        if (spec.default_gem? && !cached_built_in_gem(spec, local: options[:local])) || (installed?(spec) && !options[:force])
+          print_using_message "Using #{version_message(spec, options[:previous_spec])}"
+          return nil # no post-install message
+        end
+
+        return if Bundler.settings[:no_install]
+
+        installer = rubygems_gem_installer(spec, options)
         spec.source.checksum_store.register(spec, installer.gem_checksum)
 
         message = "Installing #{version_message(spec, options[:previous_spec])}"
         message += " with native extensions" if spec.extensions.any?
         Bundler.ui.confirm message
 
-        installed_spec = installer.install
+        installed_spec = nil
+
+        Gem.time("Installed #{spec.name} in", 0, true) do
+          installed_spec = installer.install
+        end
 
         spec.full_gem_path = installed_spec.full_gem_path
         spec.loaded_from = installed_spec.loaded_from
@@ -251,9 +254,14 @@ module Bundler
         cached_path
       end
 
-      def add_remote(source)
+      def add_remote(source, cooldown: nil)
         uri = normalize_uri(source)
         @remotes.unshift(uri) unless @remotes.include?(uri)
+        @remote_cooldowns[uri] = cooldown if cooldown
+      end
+
+      def cooldown_for(uri)
+        @remote_cooldowns[uri]
       end
 
       def spec_names
@@ -274,7 +282,7 @@ module Bundler
 
       def remote_fetchers
         @remote_fetchers ||= remotes.to_h do |uri|
-          remote = Source::Rubygems::Remote.new(uri)
+          remote = Source::Rubygems::Remote.new(uri, cooldown: cooldown_for(uri))
           [remote, Bundler::Fetcher.new(remote)]
         end.freeze
       end
@@ -322,6 +330,13 @@ module Bundler
         @allow_remote && api_fetchers.any?
       end
 
+      def clear_cache
+        @specs = nil
+        @installed_specs = nil
+        @default_specs = nil
+        @cached_specs = nil
+      end
+
       protected
 
       def remote_names
@@ -332,13 +347,6 @@ module Bundler
         remotes.map(&method(:remove_auth))
       end
 
-      def remotes_for_spec(spec)
-        specs.search_all(spec.name).inject([]) do |uris, s|
-          uris << s.remote if s.remote
-          uris
-        end
-      end
-
       def cached_gem(spec)
         global_cache_path = download_cache_path(spec)
         caches << global_cache_path if global_cache_path
@@ -471,6 +479,31 @@ module Bundler
 
       private
 
+      def collect_remote_created_at(index)
+        return {} unless @allow_remote
+
+        snapshot = {}
+        index.each do |spec|
+          next unless spec.respond_to?(:created_at) && spec.created_at
+          # Remember the remote that supplied the date too: when a source has
+          # several remotes with different per-URI cooldown settings we must
+          # restore the same one during backfill so `effective_cooldown` agrees.
+          snapshot[[spec.name, spec.version]] = [spec.created_at, spec.remote]
+        end
+        snapshot
+      end
+
+      def backfill_created_at(index, snapshot)
+        index.each do |spec|
+          next unless spec.respond_to?(:created_at=)
+          next if spec.created_at
+          remote_created_at, remote = snapshot[[spec.name, spec.version]]
+          next unless remote_created_at
+          spec.created_at = remote_created_at
+          spec.remote ||= remote if remote && spec.respond_to?(:remote=)
+        end
+      end
+
       def lockfile_remotes
         @lockfile_remotes || credless_remotes
       end
@@ -491,7 +524,15 @@ module Bundler
         uri = spec.remote.uri
         Bundler.ui.confirm("Fetching #{version_message(spec, previous_spec)}")
         gem_remote_fetcher = remote_fetchers.fetch(spec.remote).gem_remote_fetcher
-        Bundler.rubygems.download_gem(spec, uri, download_cache_path, gem_remote_fetcher)
+
+        Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GEM_BEFORE_FETCH, spec)
+        begin
+          Gem.time("Downloaded #{spec.name} in", 0, true) do
+            Bundler.rubygems.download_gem(spec, uri, download_cache_path, gem_remote_fetcher)
+          end
+        ensure
+          Plugin.hook(Plugin::Events::GEM_AFTER_FETCH, spec)
+        end
       end
 
       # Returns the global cache path of the calling Rubygems::Source object.
@@ -506,17 +547,52 @@ module Bundler
       # @return [Pathname] The global cache path.
       #
       def download_cache_path(spec)
-        return unless Bundler.feature_flag.global_gem_cache?
+        return unless Bundler.settings[:global_gem_cache]
         return unless remote = spec.remote
         return unless cache_slug = remote.cache_slug
 
-        Bundler.user_cache.join("gems", cache_slug)
+        if Gem.respond_to?(:global_gem_cache_path)
+          Pathname.new(Gem.global_gem_cache_path).join(cache_slug)
+        else
+          # Fall back to old location for older RubyGems versions
+          Bundler.user_cache.join("gems", cache_slug)
+        end
       end
 
       def extension_cache_slug(spec)
         return unless remote = spec.remote
         remote.cache_slug
       end
+
+      # We are using a mutex to read and write from/to the hash.
+      # The reason this double synchronization was added is for performance
+      # and to lock the mutex for the shortest possible amount of time. Otherwise,
+      # all threads are fighting over this mutex and when it gets acquired it gets locked
+      # until a thread finishes downloading a gem, leaving the other threads waiting
+      # doing nothing.
+      def rubygems_gem_installer(spec, options)
+        @gem_installers_mutex.synchronize { @gem_installers[spec.name] } || begin
+          path = fetch_gem_if_possible(spec, options[:previous_spec])
+          raise GemNotFound, "Could not find #{spec.file_name} for installation" unless path
+
+          REQUIRE_MUTEX.synchronize { require_relative "../rubygems_gem_installer" }
+
+          installer = Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller.at(
+            path,
+            security_policy: Bundler.rubygems.security_policies[Bundler.settings["trust-policy"]],
+            install_dir: rubygems_dir.to_s,
+            bin_dir: Bundler.system_bindir.to_s,
+            ignore_dependencies: true,
+            wrappers: true,
+            env_shebang: true,
+            build_args: options[:build_args],
+            bundler_extension_cache_path: extension_cache_path(spec),
+            build_extension: Bundler.settings[:no_build_extension] ? false : nil,
+            install_plugin: Bundler.settings[:no_install_plugin] ? false : nil
+          )
+          @gem_installers_mutex.synchronize { @gem_installers[spec.name] ||= installer }
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems/remote.rb b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems/remote.rb
index 9c5c06de24..3d847424b7 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems/remote.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems/remote.rb
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ module Bundler
   class Source
     class Rubygems
       class Remote
-        attr_reader :uri, :anonymized_uri, :original_uri
+        attr_reader :uri, :anonymized_uri, :original_uri, :cooldown
 
-        def initialize(uri)
+        def initialize(uri, cooldown: nil)
           orig_uri = uri
           uri = Bundler.settings.mirror_for(uri)
           @original_uri = orig_uri if orig_uri != uri
@@ -14,8 +14,21 @@ module Bundler
 
           @uri = apply_auth(uri, fallback_auth).freeze
           @anonymized_uri = remove_auth(@uri).freeze
+          @cooldown = cooldown
         end
 
+        # Returns the cooldown days that apply to this remote, resolving the
+        # precedence CLI > config > Gemfile per-source. Returns nil if no
+        # cooldown applies.
+        def effective_cooldown
+          override = Bundler.settings[:cooldown]
+          return override if override
+          @cooldown
+        end
+
+        MAX_CACHE_SLUG_HOST_SIZE = 255 - 1 - 32 # 255 minus dot minus MD5 length
+        private_constant :MAX_CACHE_SLUG_HOST_SIZE
+
         # @return [String] A slug suitable for use as a cache key for this
         #         remote.
         #
@@ -28,10 +41,15 @@ module Bundler
             host = cache_uri.to_s.start_with?("file://") ? nil : cache_uri.host
 
             uri_parts = [host, cache_uri.user, cache_uri.port, cache_uri.path]
-            uri_digest = SharedHelpers.digest(:MD5).hexdigest(uri_parts.compact.join("."))
+            uri_parts.compact!
+            uri_digest = SharedHelpers.digest(:MD5).hexdigest(uri_parts.join("."))
+
+            uri_parts.pop
+            host_parts = uri_parts.join(".")
+            return uri_digest if host_parts.empty?
 
-            uri_parts[-1] = uri_digest
-            uri_parts.compact.join(".")
+            shortened_host_parts = host_parts[0...MAX_CACHE_SLUG_HOST_SIZE]
+            [shortened_host_parts, uri_digest].join(".")
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems_aggregate.rb b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems_aggregate.rb
index 99ef81ad54..8aeaa375fa 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source/rubygems_aggregate.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source/rubygems_aggregate.rb
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ module Bundler
     class RubygemsAggregate
       attr_reader :source_map, :sources
 
-      def initialize(sources, source_map)
+      def initialize(sources, source_map, excluded_sources = [])
         @sources = sources
         @source_map = source_map
+        @excluded_sources = excluded_sources
 
         @index = build_index
       end
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ module Bundler
           dependency_names = source_map.pinned_spec_names
 
           sources.all_sources.each do |source|
+            next if @excluded_sources.include?(source)
+
             source.dependency_names = dependency_names - source_map.pinned_spec_names(source)
             idx.add_source source.specs
             dependency_names.concat(source.unmet_deps).uniq!
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source_list.rb b/lib/bundler/source_list.rb
index b7b2c4209a..ab7002d6e5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source_list.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source_list.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ module Bundler
       :metadata_source
 
     def global_rubygems_source
-      @global_rubygems_source ||= rubygems_aggregate_class.new("allow_local" => true)
+      @global_rubygems_source ||= source_class.new("allow_local" => true)
     end
 
     def initialize
@@ -21,19 +21,9 @@ module Bundler
       @rubygems_sources       = []
       @metadata_source        = Source::Metadata.new
 
-      @merged_gem_lockfile_sections = false
       @local_mode = true
     end
 
-    def merged_gem_lockfile_sections?
-      @merged_gem_lockfile_sections
-    end
-
-    def merged_gem_lockfile_sections!(replacement_source)
-      @merged_gem_lockfile_sections = true
-      @global_rubygems_source = replacement_source
-    end
-
     def aggregate_global_source?
       global_rubygems_source.multiple_remotes?
     end
@@ -69,8 +59,8 @@ module Bundler
       add_source_to_list Plugin.source(source).new(options), @plugin_sources
     end
 
-    def add_global_rubygems_remote(uri)
-      global_rubygems_source.add_remote(uri)
+    def add_global_rubygems_remote(uri, cooldown: nil)
+      global_rubygems_source.add_remote(uri, cooldown: cooldown)
       global_rubygems_source
     end
 
@@ -90,10 +80,6 @@ module Bundler
       @rubygems_sources
     end
 
-    def rubygems_remotes
-      rubygems_sources.flat_map(&:remotes).uniq
-    end
-
     def all_sources
       path_sources + git_sources + plugin_sources + rubygems_sources + [metadata_source]
     end
@@ -103,7 +89,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def get(source)
-      source_list_for(source).find {|s| equivalent_source?(source, s) }
+      source_list_for(source).find {|s| s.include?(source) }
     end
 
     def lock_sources
@@ -115,11 +101,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def lock_rubygems_sources
-      if merged_gem_lockfile_sections?
-        [combine_rubygems_sources]
-      else
-        rubygems_sources.sort_by(&:identifier)
-      end
+      rubygems_sources.sort_by(&:identifier)
     end
 
     # Returns true if there are changes
@@ -129,16 +111,7 @@ module Bundler
       @rubygems_sources, @path_sources, @git_sources, @plugin_sources = map_sources(replacement_sources)
       @global_rubygems_source = global_replacement_source(replacement_sources)
 
-      different_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
-    end
-
-    # Returns true if there are changes
-    def expired_sources?(replacement_sources)
-      return false if replacement_sources.empty?
-
-      lock_sources = dup_with_replaced_sources(replacement_sources).lock_sources
-
-      different_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
+      !equivalent_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
     end
 
     def prefer_local!
@@ -163,54 +136,66 @@ module Bundler
       all_sources.each(&:remote!)
     end
 
-    private
-
-    def dup_with_replaced_sources(replacement_sources)
-      new_source_list = dup
-      new_source_list.replace_sources!(replacement_sources)
-      new_source_list
+    def clear_cache
+      rubygems_sources.each(&:clear_cache)
     end
 
+    private
+
     def map_sources(replacement_sources)
       rubygems = @rubygems_sources.map do |source|
-        replace_rubygems_source(replacement_sources, source) || source
+        replace_rubygems_source(replacement_sources, source)
       end
 
       git, plugin = [@git_sources, @plugin_sources].map do |sources|
         sources.map do |source|
-          replacement_sources.find {|s| s == source } || source
+          replace_source(replacement_sources, source)
         end
       end
 
       path = @path_sources.map do |source|
-        replacement_sources.find {|s| s == (source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec) ? source.as_path_source : source) } || source
+        replace_path_source(replacement_sources, source)
       end
 
       [rubygems, path, git, plugin]
     end
 
     def global_replacement_source(replacement_sources)
-      replacement_source = replace_rubygems_source(replacement_sources, global_rubygems_source)
-      return global_rubygems_source unless replacement_source
-
-      replacement_source.local!
-      replacement_source
+      replace_rubygems_source(replacement_sources, global_rubygems_source, &:local!)
     end
 
     def replace_rubygems_source(replacement_sources, gemfile_source)
+      replace_source(replacement_sources, gemfile_source) do |replacement_source|
+        # locked sources never include credentials so always prefer remotes from the gemfile
+        replacement_source.remotes = gemfile_source.remotes
+
+        yield replacement_source if block_given?
+
+        replacement_source
+      end
+    end
+
+    def replace_source(replacement_sources, gemfile_source)
       replacement_source = replacement_sources.find {|s| s == gemfile_source }
-      return unless replacement_source
+      return gemfile_source unless replacement_source
+
+      replacement_source = yield(replacement_source) if block_given?
 
-      # locked sources never include credentials so always prefer remotes from the gemfile
-      replacement_source.remotes = gemfile_source.remotes
       replacement_source
     end
 
-    def different_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
-      !equivalent_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
+    def replace_path_source(replacement_sources, gemfile_source)
+      replace_source(replacement_sources, gemfile_source) do |replacement_source|
+        if gemfile_source.is_a?(Source::Gemspec)
+          gemfile_source.checksum_store = replacement_source.checksum_store
+          gemfile_source
+        else
+          replacement_source
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    def rubygems_aggregate_class
+    def source_class
       Source::Rubygems
     end
 
@@ -229,10 +214,6 @@ module Bundler
       end
     end
 
-    def combine_rubygems_sources
-      Source::Rubygems.new("remotes" => rubygems_remotes)
-    end
-
     def warn_on_git_protocol(source)
       return if Bundler.settings["git.allow_insecure"]
 
@@ -247,9 +228,5 @@ module Bundler
     def equivalent_sources?(lock_sources, replacement_sources)
       lock_sources.sort_by(&:identifier) == replacement_sources.sort_by(&:identifier)
     end
-
-    def equivalent_source?(source, other_source)
-      source == other_source
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/source_map.rb b/lib/bundler/source_map.rb
index ca73e01f9d..513eb37f8b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/source_map.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/source_map.rb
@@ -14,24 +14,25 @@ module Bundler
       direct_requirements.reject {|_, source| source == skip }.keys
     end
 
-    def all_requirements
+    def all_requirements(excluded_sources = [])
       requirements = direct_requirements.dup
 
-      unmet_deps = sources.non_default_explicit_sources.map do |source|
+      explicit_sources = sources.non_default_explicit_sources.reject do |source|
+        excluded_sources.include?(source)
+      end
+
+      unmet_deps = explicit_sources.map do |source|
         (source.spec_names - pinned_spec_names).each do |indirect_dependency_name|
           previous_source = requirements[indirect_dependency_name]
           if previous_source.nil?
             requirements[indirect_dependency_name] = source
           else
-            no_ambiguous_sources = Bundler.feature_flag.bundler_3_mode?
-
             msg = ["The gem '#{indirect_dependency_name}' was found in multiple relevant sources."]
             msg.concat [previous_source, source].map {|s| "  * #{s}" }.sort
-            msg << "You #{no_ambiguous_sources ? :must : :should} add this gem to the source block for the source you wish it to be installed from."
+            msg << "You must add this gem to the source block for the source you wish it to be installed from."
             msg = msg.join("\n")
 
-            raise SecurityError, msg if no_ambiguous_sources
-            Bundler.ui.warn "Warning: #{msg}"
+            raise SecurityError, msg
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb b/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb
index 8d75c29420..ae5e5cbaa9 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb
@@ -11,16 +11,11 @@ module Bundler
       @specs = specs
     end
 
-    def for(dependencies, platforms_or_legacy_check = [nil], legacy_platforms = [nil], skips: [])
-      platforms = if [true, false].include?(platforms_or_legacy_check)
-        Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
+    def for(dependencies, platforms = [nil], legacy_platforms = [nil], skips: [])
+      if [true, false].include?(platforms)
+        Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! \
           "SpecSet#for received a `check` parameter, but that's no longer used and deprecated. " \
-          "SpecSet#for always implicitly performs validation. Please remove this parameter",
-          print_caller_location: true
-
-        legacy_platforms
-      else
-        platforms_or_legacy_check
+          "SpecSet#for always implicitly performs validation. Please remove this parameter"
       end
 
       materialize_dependencies(dependencies, platforms, skips: skips)
@@ -29,9 +24,10 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def normalize_platforms!(deps, platforms)
-      complete_platforms = add_extra_platforms!(platforms)
+      remove_invalid_platforms!(deps, platforms)
+      add_extra_platforms!(platforms)
 
-      complete_platforms.map do |platform|
+      platforms.map! do |platform|
         next platform if platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
 
         begin
@@ -44,26 +40,48 @@ module Bundler
         next platform if incomplete_for_platform?(deps, less_specific_platform)
 
         less_specific_platform
-      end.uniq
+      end.uniq!
+    end
+
+    def add_originally_invalid_platforms!(platforms, originally_invalid_platforms)
+      originally_invalid_platforms.each do |originally_invalid_platform|
+        platforms << originally_invalid_platform if complete_platform(originally_invalid_platform)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def remove_invalid_platforms!(deps, platforms, skips: [])
+      invalid_platforms = []
+
+      platforms.reject! do |platform|
+        next false if skips.include?(platform)
+
+        invalid = incomplete_for_platform?(deps, platform)
+        invalid_platforms << platform if invalid
+        invalid
+      end
+
+      invalid_platforms
     end
 
     def add_extra_platforms!(platforms)
-      return platforms.concat([Gem::Platform::RUBY]).uniq if @specs.empty?
+      if @specs.empty?
+        platforms.concat([Gem::Platform::RUBY]).uniq
+        return
+      end
 
       new_platforms = all_platforms.select do |platform|
         next if platforms.include?(platform)
-        next unless GemHelpers.generic(platform) == Gem::Platform::RUBY
+        next unless Gem::Platform.generic(platform) == Gem::Platform::RUBY
 
         complete_platform(platform)
       end
-      return platforms if new_platforms.empty?
+      return if new_platforms.empty?
 
       platforms.concat(new_platforms)
+      return if new_platforms.include?(Bundler.local_platform)
 
       less_specific_platform = new_platforms.find {|platform| platform != Gem::Platform::RUBY && Bundler.local_platform === platform && platform === Bundler.local_platform }
       platforms.delete(Bundler.local_platform) if less_specific_platform
-
-      platforms
     end
 
     def validate_deps(s)
@@ -122,12 +140,15 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def incomplete_for_platform?(deps, platform)
-      return false if @specs.empty?
+      incomplete_specs_for_platform(deps, platform).any?
+    end
+
+    def incomplete_specs_for_platform(deps, platform)
+      return [] if @specs.empty?
 
       validation_set = self.class.new(@specs)
       validation_set.for(deps, [platform])
-
-      validation_set.incomplete_specs.any?
+      validation_set.incomplete_specs
     end
 
     def missing_specs_for(deps)
@@ -153,11 +174,11 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def -(other)
-      SpecSet.new(to_a - other.to_a)
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "SpecSet#- has been removed with no replacement"
     end
 
     def find_by_name_and_platform(name, platform)
-      @specs.detect {|spec| spec.name == name && spec.match_platform(platform) }
+      lookup[name]&.detect {|spec| spec.installable_on_platform?(platform) }
     end
 
     def specs_with_additional_variants_from(other)
@@ -173,7 +194,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def version_for(name)
-      self[name].first&.version
+      exemplary_spec(name)&.version
     end
 
     def what_required(spec)
@@ -184,7 +205,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def <<(spec)
-      @specs << spec
+      SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "SpecSet#<< has been removed with no replacement"
     end
 
     def length
@@ -253,13 +274,25 @@ module Bundler
 
       valid_platform = lookup.all? do |_, specs|
         spec = specs.first
+        # The matching candidates returned by source.specs.search are remote
+        # specs that do not carry the override list themselves. Borrow it from
+        # the LazySpec we are validating so platform-variant validation honors
+        # the same overrides the install/resolve path already applies.
+        overrides = spec.is_a?(LazySpecification) ? Array(spec.overrides) : []
         matching_specs = spec.source.specs.search([spec.name, spec.version])
-        platform_spec = GemHelpers.select_best_platform_match(matching_specs, platform).find do |s|
-          valid?(s)
+        platform_spec = MatchPlatform.select_best_platform_match(matching_specs, platform).find do |s|
+          s.matches_current_metadata_with_overrides?(overrides) && valid_dependencies?(s)
         end
 
         if platform_spec
-          new_specs << LazySpecification.from_spec(platform_spec) unless specs.include?(platform_spec)
+          unless specs.include?(platform_spec)
+            new_lazy = LazySpecification.from_spec(platform_spec)
+            # Carry the overrides forward so a follow-up complete_platform
+            # call that picks this synthesized variant as its exemplar still
+            # honors the user's override list.
+            new_lazy.overrides = overrides if overrides.any?
+            new_specs << new_lazy
+          end
           true
         else
           false
@@ -278,8 +311,13 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def additional_variants_from(other)
-      other.select do |spec|
-        version_for(spec.name) == spec.version && valid_dependencies?(spec)
+      other.select do |other_spec|
+        spec = exemplary_spec(other_spec.name)
+        next unless spec
+
+        selected = spec.version == other_spec.version && valid_dependencies?(other_spec)
+        other_spec.source = spec.source if selected
+        selected
       end
     end
 
@@ -288,7 +326,7 @@ module Bundler
     end
 
     def sorted
-      @sorted ||= ([@specs.find {|s| s.name == "rake" }] + tsort).compact.uniq
+      @sorted ||= ([lookup["rake"]&.first] + tsort).compact.uniq
     rescue TSort::Cyclic => error
       cgems = extract_circular_gems(error)
       raise CyclicDependencyError, "Your bundle requires gems that depend" \
@@ -356,5 +394,9 @@ module Bundler
       hash[key] ||= []
       hash[key] << value
     end
+
+    def exemplary_spec(name)
+      self[name].first
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/stub_specification.rb b/lib/bundler/stub_specification.rb
index 026f753d41..b353642b40 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/stub_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/stub_specification.rb
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ module Bundler
 
     # This is defined directly to avoid having to loading the full spec
     def missing_extensions?
+      return false if RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
       return false if default_gem?
       return false if extensions.empty?
       return false if File.exist? gem_build_complete_path
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.tt
index 67fe8cee79..633baebdd5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.tt
@@ -1,132 +1,10 @@
-# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+# Code of Conduct
 
-## Our Pledge
+<%= config[:name].inspect %> follows [The Ruby Community Conduct Guideline](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/conduct) in all "collaborative space", which is defined as community communications channels (such as mailing lists, submitted patches, commit comments, etc.):
 
-We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
-community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
-size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
-identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
-nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
-identity and orientation.
+* Participants will be tolerant of opposing views.
+* Participants must ensure that their language and actions are free of personal attacks and disparaging personal remarks.
+* When interpreting the words and actions of others, participants should always assume good intentions.
+* Behaviour which can be reasonably considered harassment will not be tolerated.
 
-We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
-diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
-
-## Our Standards
-
-Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
-community include:
-
-* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
-* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
-* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
-* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
-  and learning from the experience
-* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall
-  community
-
-Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
-
-* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of
-  any kind
-* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
-* Public or private harassment
-* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address,
-  without their explicit permission
-* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
-  professional setting
-
-## Enforcement Responsibilities
-
-Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
-acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
-response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
-or harmful.
-
-Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
-comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
-not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
-decisions when appropriate.
-
-## Scope
-
-This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
-an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
-Examples of representing our community include using an official email address,
-posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
-representative at an online or offline event.
-
-## Enforcement
-
-Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
-reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
-[INSERT CONTACT METHOD].
-All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
-
-All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
-reporter of any incident.
-
-## Enforcement Guidelines
-
-Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
-the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
-
-### 1. Correction
-
-**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
-unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
-
-**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
-clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
-behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
-
-### 2. Warning
-
-**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
-actions.
-
-**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
-interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
-those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
-includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
-like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent
-ban.
-
-### 3. Temporary Ban
-
-**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
-sustained inappropriate behavior.
-
-**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
-communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
-private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
-with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
-Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
-
-### 4. Permanent Ban
-
-**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
-standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
-individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
-
-**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the
-community.
-
-## Attribution
-
-This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
-version 2.1, available at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
-
-Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by
-[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][Mozilla CoC].
-
-For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][FAQ]. Translations are available at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
-
-[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
-[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html
-[Mozilla CoC]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
-[FAQ]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
-[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
+If you have any concerns about behaviour within this project, please contact us at [<%= config[:email].inspect %>](mailto:<%= config[:email].inspect %>).
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
index f5a460c9bb..cd00f97e5a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
@@ -5,3 +5,9 @@
 [workspace]
 members = ["./ext/<%= config[:name] %>"]
 resolver = "2"
+
+[profile.release]
+# By default, debug symbols are stripped from the final binary which makes it
+# harder to debug if something goes wrong. It's recommended to keep debug
+# symbols in the release build so that you can debug the final binary if needed.
+debug = true
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
index ea7a33ee28..85dc593b8f 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gemspec
 
 gem "irb"
-gem "rake", "~> 13.0"
+gem "rake", ">= 13.0"
 <%- if config[:ext] -%>
 
 gem "rake-compiler"
 <%- end -%>
 <%- if config[:test] -%>
 
-gem "<%= config[:test] %>", "~> <%= config[:test_framework_version] %>"
+gem "<%= config[:test] %>"
 <%- end -%>
 <%- if config[:linter] == "rubocop" -%>
 
-gem "rubocop", "~> <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
+gem "rubocop"
 <%- elsif config[:linter] == "standard" -%>
 
-gem "standard", "~> <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
+gem "standard"
 <%- end -%>
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Rakefile.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Rakefile.tt
index 172183d4b4..83f10009c7 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Rakefile.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Rakefile.tt
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ Rake::ExtensionTask.new("<%= config[:underscored_name] %>", GEMSPEC) do |ext|
 end
 <% end -%>
 
+<% if config[:ext] == "go" -%>
+require "go_gem/rake_task"
+
+GoGem::RakeTask.new("<%= config[:underscored_name] %>")
+<% end -%>
 <% end -%>
 <% if default_task_names.size == 1 -%>
 task default: <%= default_task_names.first.inspect %>
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/circleci/config.yml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/circleci/config.yml.tt
index f40f029bf1..c4dd9d0647 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/circleci/config.yml.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/circleci/config.yml.tt
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ jobs:
     environment:
       RB_SYS_FORCE_INSTALL_RUST_TOOLCHAIN: 'true'
 <%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+    environment:
+      GO_VERSION: '1.23.0'
+<%- end -%>
     steps:
       - checkout
 <%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
@@ -17,6 +21,14 @@ jobs:
           name: Install a RubyGems version that can compile rust extensions
           command: gem update --system '<%= ::Gem.rubygems_version %>'
 <%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+      - run:
+          name: Install Go
+          command: |
+            wget https://go.dev/dl/go$GO_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/go.tar.gz
+            tar -C /usr/local -xzf /tmp/go.tar.gz
+            echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:"$PATH"' >> "$BASH_ENV"
+<%- end -%>
       - run:
           name: Run the default task
           command: |
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
index 0ebce0e4a0..a06166aee7 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/Cargo.toml.tt
@@ -12,4 +12,11 @@ publish = false
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-magnus = { version = "0.6.2" }
+magnus = { version = "0.8.2" }
+rb-sys = { version = "0.9", features = ["stable-api-compiled-fallback"] }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+rb-sys-env = "0.2.2"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+rb-sys-test-helpers = { version = "0.2.2" }
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/build.rs.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/build.rs.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80a7842753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/build.rs.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pub fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let _ = rb_sys_env::activate()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/extconf-go.rb.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/extconf-go.rb.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a689e21ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/extconf-go.rb.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "mkmf"
+require "go_gem/mkmf"
+
+# Makes all symbols private by default to avoid unintended conflict
+# with other gems. To explicitly export symbols you can use RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED
+# selectively, or entirely remove this flag.
+append_cflags("-fvisibility=hidden")
+
+create_go_makefile(<%= config[:makefile_path].inspect %>)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/go.mod.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/go.mod.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f4819d004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/go.mod.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module github.com/<%= config[:go_module_username] %>/<%= config[:underscored_name] %>
+
+go 1.23
+
+require github.com/ruby-go-gem/go-gem-wrapper latest
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem-go.c.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem-go.c.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..119c0c96ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem-go.c.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "<%= config[:underscored_name] %>.h"
+#include "_cgo_export.h"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem.go.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem.go.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f19b750e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/newgem.go.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package main
+
+/*
+#include "<%= config[:underscored_name] %>.h"
+
+VALUE rb_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>_sum(VALUE self, VALUE a, VALUE b);
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ruby-go-gem/go-gem-wrapper/ruby"
+)
+
+//export rb_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>_sum
+func rb_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>_sum(_ C.VALUE, a C.VALUE, b C.VALUE) C.VALUE {
+	longA := ruby.NUM2LONG(ruby.VALUE(a))
+	longB := ruby.NUM2LONG(ruby.VALUE(b))
+
+	sum := longA + longB
+
+	return C.VALUE(ruby.LONG2NUM(sum))
+}
+
+//export Init_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>
+func Init_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>() {
+	rb_m<%= config[:constant_array].join %> := ruby.RbDefineModule(<%= config[:constant_name].inspect %>)
+	ruby.RbDefineSingletonMethod(rb_m<%= config[:constant_array].join %>, "sum", C.rb_<%= config[:underscored_name] %>_sum, 2)
+}
+
+func main() {
+}
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/src/lib.rs.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/src/lib.rs.tt
index ba234529a3..09ce97682d 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/src/lib.rs.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/ext/newgem/src/lib.rs.tt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use magnus::{function, prelude::*, Error, Ruby};
 
-fn hello(subject: String) -> String {
-    format!("Hello from Rust, {subject}!")
+pub fn hello(subject: String) -> String {
+    format!("Hello {subject}, from Rust!")
 }
 
 #[magnus::init]
@@ -10,3 +10,14 @@ fn init(ruby: &Ruby) -> Result<(), Error> {
     module.define_singleton_method("hello", function!(hello, 1))?;
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use rb_sys_test_helpers::ruby_test;
+    use super::hello;
+
+    #[ruby_test]
+    fn test_hello() {
+        assert_eq!("Hello world, from Rust!", hello("world".to_string()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/build-gems.yml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/build-gems.yml.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d49954d2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/build-gems.yml.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+name: Build gems
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+      - "cross-gem/*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+
+jobs:
+  ci-data:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      result: ${{ steps.fetch.outputs.result }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: oxidize-rb/actions/fetch-ci-data@v1
+        id: fetch
+        with:
+          supported-ruby-platforms: |
+            exclude: ["arm-linux", "x64-mingw32"]
+          stable-ruby-versions: |
+            exclude: ["head"]
+
+  source-gem:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Build gem
+        run: bundle exec rake build
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: source-gem
+          path: pkg/*.gem
+
+  cross-gem:
+    name: Compile native gem for ${{ matrix.platform }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: ci-data
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform: ${{ fromJSON(needs.ci-data.outputs.result).supported-ruby-platforms }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - uses: oxidize-rb/actions/cross-gem@v1
+        id: cross-gem
+        with:
+          platform: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+          ruby-versions: ${{ join(fromJSON(needs.ci-data.outputs.result).stable-ruby-versions, ',') }}
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: cross-gem
+          path: ${{ steps.cross-gem.outputs.gem-path }}
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/main.yml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/main.yml.tt
index d1b5ae0534..cc8f04dd33 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/main.yml.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/github/workflows/main.yml.tt
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ on:
 
   pull_request:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -17,7 +20,9 @@ jobs:
           - '<%= RUBY_VERSION %>'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 <%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
       - name: Set up Ruby & Rust
         uses: oxidize-rb/actions/setup-ruby-and-rust@v1
@@ -33,5 +38,11 @@ jobs:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler-cache: true
 <%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: ext/<%= config[:underscored_name] %>/go.mod
+<%- end -%>
       - name: Run the default task
         run: bundle exec rake
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/gitlab-ci.yml.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/gitlab-ci.yml.tt
index d2e1f33736..adbd70cbc0 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/gitlab-ci.yml.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/gitlab-ci.yml.tt
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ default:
     - apt-get update && apt-get install -y clang
     - gem update --system '<%= ::Gem.rubygems_version %>'
 <%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+    - wget https://go.dev/dl/go$GO_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/go.tar.gz
+    - tar -C /usr/local -xzf /tmp/go.tar.gz
+    - export PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+<%- end -%>
     - gem install bundler -v <%= Bundler::VERSION %>
     - bundle install
 
@@ -14,5 +19,9 @@ example_job:
   variables:
     RB_SYS_FORCE_INSTALL_RUST_TOOLCHAIN: 'true'
 <%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+  variables:
+    GO_VERSION: '1.23.0'
+<%- end -%>
   script:
     - bundle exec rake
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/lib/newgem.rb.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/lib/newgem.rb.tt
index caf6e32f4a..3aedee0d25 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/lib/newgem.rb.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/lib/newgem.rb.tt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 require_relative "<%= File.basename(config[:namespaced_path]) %>/version"
 <%- if config[:ext] -%>
-require_relative "<%= File.basename(config[:namespaced_path]) %>/<%= config[:underscored_name] %>"
+require "<%= File.basename(config[:namespaced_path]) %>/<%= config[:underscored_name] %>"
 <%- end -%>
 
 <%- config[:constant_array].each_with_index do |c, i| -%>
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
index ced300f379..1ab1c28f46 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
@@ -10,20 +10,23 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   spec.summary = "TODO: Write a short summary, because RubyGems requires one."
   spec.description = "TODO: Write a longer description or delete this line."
-  spec.homepage = "TODO: Put your gem's website or public repo URL here."
+  spec.homepage = "<%= config[:homepage_uri] %>"
 <%- if config[:mit] -%>
   spec.license = "MIT"
 <%- end -%>
   spec.required_ruby_version = ">= <%= config[:required_ruby_version] %>"
-<%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
-  spec.required_rubygems_version = ">= <%= config[:rust_builder_required_rubygems_version] %>"
-<%- end -%>
-
   spec.metadata["allowed_push_host"] = "TODO: Set to your gem server 'https://example.com'"
-
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = "TODO: Put your gem's public repo URL here."
-  spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = "TODO: Put your gem's CHANGELOG.md URL here."
+  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = "<%= config[:source_code_uri] %>"
+<%- if config[:changelog] -%>
+  spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = "<%= config[:changelog_uri] %>"
+<%- end -%>
+
+  # Uncomment the line below to require MFA for gem pushes.
+  # This helps protect your gem from supply chain attacks by ensuring
+  # no one can publish a new version without multi-factor authentication.
+  # See: https://guides.rubygems.org/mfa-requirement-opt-in/
+  # spec.metadata["rubygems_mfa_required"] = "true"
 
   # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
   # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
@@ -31,22 +34,25 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.files = IO.popen(%w[git ls-files -z], chdir: __dir__, err: IO::NULL) do |ls|
     ls.readlines("\x0", chomp: true).reject do |f|
       (f == gemspec) ||
-        f.start_with?(*%w[bin/ test/ spec/ features/ .git <%= config[:ci_config_path] %>appveyor Gemfile])
+        f.start_with?(*%w[<%= config[:ignore_paths].join(" ") %>])
     end
   end
   spec.bindir = "exe"
   spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{\Aexe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-<%- if config[:ext] == 'c' || config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
+<%- if %w(c rust go).include?(config[:ext]) -%>
   spec.extensions = ["ext/<%= config[:underscored_name] %>/extconf.rb"]
 <%- end -%>
 
   # Uncomment to register a new dependency of your gem
-  # spec.add_dependency "example-gem", "~> 1.0"
+  # spec.add_dependency "example-gem", ">= 1.0"
 <%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
-  spec.add_dependency "rb_sys", "~> 0.9.91"
+  spec.add_dependency "rb_sys", ">= 0.9.128"
+<%- end -%>
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
+  spec.add_dependency "go_gem", ">= 0.2"
 <%- end -%>
 
   # For more information and examples about making a new gem, check out our
-  # guide at: https://bundler.io/guides/creating_gem.html
+  # guide at: https://guides.rubygems.org/make-your-own-gem/
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/spec/newgem_spec.rb.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/spec/newgem_spec.rb.tt
index 82cada988c..7c6cde170b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/spec/newgem_spec.rb.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/spec/newgem_spec.rb.tt
@@ -5,7 +5,15 @@ RSpec.describe <%= config[:constant_name] %> do
     expect(<%= config[:constant_name] %>::VERSION).not_to be nil
   end
 
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
+  it "can call into Rust" do
+    result = <%= config[:constant_name] %>.hello("world")
+
+    expect(result).to eq("Hello world, from Rust!")
+  end
+<%- else -%>
   it "does something useful" do
     expect(false).to eq(true)
   end
+<%- end -%>
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/test/minitest/test_newgem.rb.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/test/minitest/test_newgem.rb.tt
index 4b35a63071..844d3aff81 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/test/minitest/test_newgem.rb.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/test/minitest/test_newgem.rb.tt
@@ -7,7 +7,13 @@ class <%= config[:minitest_constant_name] %> < Minitest::Test
     refute_nil ::<%= config[:constant_name] %>::VERSION
   end
 
+<%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
+  def test_hello_world
+    assert_equal "Hello world, from Rust!", <%= config[:constant_name] %>.hello("world")
+  end
+<%- else -%>
   def test_it_does_something_useful
     assert false
   end
+<%- end -%>
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/ui/shell.rb b/lib/bundler/ui/shell.rb
index 6df1512a5b..b836208da8 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/ui/shell.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/ui/shell.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ module Bundler
         @level = ENV["DEBUG"] ? "debug" : "info"
         @warning_history = []
         @output_stream = :stdout
+        @thread_safe_logger_key = "logger_level_#{object_id}"
       end
 
       def add_color(string, *color)
@@ -80,11 +81,11 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def ask(msg)
-        @shell.ask(msg)
+        @shell.ask(msg, :green)
       end
 
       def yes?(msg)
-        @shell.yes?(msg)
+        @shell.yes?(msg, :green)
       end
 
       def no?(msg)
@@ -97,11 +98,13 @@ module Bundler
       end
 
       def level(name = nil)
-        return @level unless name
+        current_level = Thread.current.thread_variable_get(@thread_safe_logger_key) || @level
+        return current_level unless name
+
         unless index = LEVELS.index(name)
           raise "#{name.inspect} is not a valid level"
         end
-        index <= LEVELS.index(@level)
+        index <= LEVELS.index(current_level)
       end
 
       def output_stream=(symbol)
@@ -167,12 +170,13 @@ module Bundler
         end * "\n"
       end
 
-      def with_level(level)
-        original = @level
-        @level = level
+      def with_level(desired_level)
+        old_level = level
+        Thread.current.thread_variable_set(@thread_safe_logger_key, desired_level)
+
         yield
       ensure
-        @level = original
+        Thread.current.thread_variable_set(@thread_safe_logger_key, old_level)
       end
 
       def with_output_stream(symbol)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool.rb
index 317088a866..e8aaf70016 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ end
 # - :auto_reload_after_fork - automatically drop all connections after fork, defaults to true
 #
 class Bundler::ConnectionPool
-  DEFAULTS = {size: 5, timeout: 5, auto_reload_after_fork: true}
+  DEFAULTS = {size: 5, timeout: 5, auto_reload_after_fork: true}.freeze
 
   def self.wrap(options, &block)
     Wrapper.new(options, &block)
@@ -99,10 +99,14 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool
     @available = TimedStack.new(@size, &block)
     @key = :"pool-#{@available.object_id}"
     @key_count = :"pool-#{@available.object_id}-count"
-    INSTANCES[self] = self if INSTANCES
+    @discard_key = :"pool-#{@available.object_id}-discard"
+    INSTANCES[self] = self if @auto_reload_after_fork && INSTANCES
   end
 
   def with(options = {})
+    # We need to manage exception handling manually here in order
+    # to work correctly with `Gem::Timeout.timeout` and `Thread#raise`.
+    # Otherwise an interrupted Thread can leak connections.
     Thread.handle_interrupt(Exception => :never) do
       conn = checkout(options)
       begin
@@ -116,20 +120,65 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool
   end
   alias_method :then, :with
 
+  ##
+  # Marks the current thread's checked-out connection for discard.
+  #
+  # When a connection is marked for discard, it will not be returned to the pool
+  # when checked in. Instead, the connection will be discarded.
+  # This is useful when a connection has become invalid or corrupted
+  # and should not be reused.
+  #
+  # Takes an optional block that will be called with the connection to be discarded.
+  # The block should perform any necessary clean-up on the connection.
+  #
+  # @yield [conn]
+  # @yieldparam conn [Object] The connection to be discarded.
+  # @yieldreturn [void]
+  #
+  #
+  # Note: This only affects the connection currently checked out by the calling thread.
+  # The connection will be discarded when +checkin+ is called.
+  #
+  # @return [void]
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   pool.with do |conn|
+  #     begin
+  #       conn.execute("SELECT 1")
+  #     rescue SomeConnectionError
+  #       pool.discard_current_connection  # Mark connection as bad
+  #       raise
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  def discard_current_connection(&block)
+    ::Thread.current[@discard_key] = block || proc { |conn| conn }
+  end
+
   def checkout(options = {})
     if ::Thread.current[@key]
       ::Thread.current[@key_count] += 1
       ::Thread.current[@key]
     else
       ::Thread.current[@key_count] = 1
-      ::Thread.current[@key] = @available.pop(options[:timeout] || @timeout)
+      ::Thread.current[@key] = @available.pop(options[:timeout] || @timeout, options)
     end
   end
 
   def checkin(force: false)
     if ::Thread.current[@key]
       if ::Thread.current[@key_count] == 1 || force
-        @available.push(::Thread.current[@key])
+        if ::Thread.current[@discard_key]
+          begin
+            @available.decrement_created
+            ::Thread.current[@discard_key].call(::Thread.current[@key])
+          rescue
+            nil
+          ensure
+            ::Thread.current[@discard_key] = nil
+          end
+        else
+          @available.push(::Thread.current[@key])
+        end
         ::Thread.current[@key] = nil
         ::Thread.current[@key_count] = nil
       else
@@ -146,7 +195,6 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool
   # Shuts down the Bundler::ConnectionPool by passing each connection to +block+ and
   # then removing it from the pool. Attempting to checkout a connection after
   # shutdown will raise +Bundler::ConnectionPool::PoolShuttingDownError+.
-
   def shutdown(&block)
     @available.shutdown(&block)
   end
@@ -155,11 +203,16 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool
   # Reloads the Bundler::ConnectionPool by passing each connection to +block+ and then
   # removing it the pool. Subsequent checkouts will create new connections as
   # needed.
-
   def reload(&block)
     @available.shutdown(reload: true, &block)
   end
 
+  ## Reaps idle connections that have been idle for over +idle_seconds+.
+  # +idle_seconds+ defaults to 60.
+  def reap(idle_seconds = 60, &block)
+    @available.reap(idle_seconds, &block)
+  end
+
   # Size of this connection pool
   attr_reader :size
   # Automatically drop all connections after fork
@@ -169,6 +222,11 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool
   def available
     @available.length
   end
+
+  # Number of pool entries created and idle in the pool.
+  def idle
+    @available.idle
+  end
 end
 
 require_relative "connection_pool/timed_stack"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/timed_stack.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/timed_stack.rb
index 35d1d7cc35..026d2c5be2 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/timed_stack.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/timed_stack.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ##
 # The TimedStack manages a pool of homogeneous connections (or any resource
-# you wish to manage).  Connections are created lazily up to a given maximum
+# you wish to manage). Connections are created lazily up to a given maximum
 # number.
-
+#
 # Examples:
 #
 #    ts = TimedStack.new(1) { MyConnection.new }
@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@
 #    conn = ts.pop
 #    ts.pop timeout: 5
 #    #=> raises Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError after 5 seconds
-
 class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   attr_reader :max
 
   ##
   # Creates a new pool with +size+ connections that are created from the given
   # +block+.
-
   def initialize(size = 0, &block)
     @create_block = block
     @created = 0
@@ -35,12 +33,12 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   end
 
   ##
-  # Returns +obj+ to the stack.  +options+ is ignored in TimedStack but may be
+  # Returns +obj+ to the stack. +options+ is ignored in TimedStack but may be
   # used by subclasses that extend TimedStack.
-
   def push(obj, options = {})
     @mutex.synchronize do
       if @shutdown_block
+        @created -= 1 unless @created == 0
         @shutdown_block.call(obj)
       else
         store_connection obj, options
@@ -52,14 +50,16 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   alias_method :<<, :push
 
   ##
-  # Retrieves a connection from the stack.  If a connection is available it is
-  # immediately returned.  If no connection is available within the given
+  # Retrieves a connection from the stack. If a connection is available it is
+  # immediately returned. If no connection is available within the given
   # timeout a Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError is raised.
   #
-  # +:timeout+ is the only checked entry in +options+ and is preferred over
-  # the +timeout+ argument (which will be removed in a future release).  Other
-  # options may be used by subclasses that extend TimedStack.
-
+  # @option options [Float] :timeout (0.5) Wait this many seconds for an available entry
+  # @option options [Class] :exception (Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError) Exception class to raise
+  #   if an entry was not available within the timeout period. Use `exception: false` to return nil.
+  #
+  # The +timeout+ argument will be removed in 3.0.
+  # Other options may be used by subclasses that extend TimedStack.
   def pop(timeout = 0.5, options = {})
     options, timeout = timeout, 0.5 if Hash === timeout
     timeout = options.fetch :timeout, timeout
@@ -68,13 +68,22 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
     @mutex.synchronize do
       loop do
         raise Bundler::ConnectionPool::PoolShuttingDownError if @shutdown_block
-        return fetch_connection(options) if connection_stored?(options)
+        if (conn = try_fetch_connection(options))
+          return conn
+        end
 
         connection = try_create(options)
         return connection if connection
 
         to_wait = deadline - current_time
-        raise Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError, "Waited #{timeout} sec, #{length}/#{@max} available" if to_wait <= 0
+        if to_wait <= 0
+          exc = options.fetch(:exception, Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError)
+          if exc
+            raise Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimeoutError, "Waited #{timeout} sec, #{length}/#{@max} available"
+          else
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
         @resource.wait(@mutex, to_wait)
       end
     end
@@ -85,7 +94,6 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   # removing it from the pool. Attempting to checkout a connection after
   # shutdown will raise +Bundler::ConnectionPool::PoolShuttingDownError+ unless
   # +:reload+ is +true+.
-
   def shutdown(reload: false, &block)
     raise ArgumentError, "shutdown must receive a block" unless block
 
@@ -99,19 +107,49 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   end
 
   ##
-  # Returns +true+ if there are no available connections.
+  # Reaps connections that were checked in more than +idle_seconds+ ago.
+  def reap(idle_seconds, &block)
+    raise ArgumentError, "reap must receive a block" unless block
+    raise ArgumentError, "idle_seconds must be a number" unless idle_seconds.is_a?(Numeric)
+    raise Bundler::ConnectionPool::PoolShuttingDownError if @shutdown_block
+
+    idle.times do
+      conn =
+        @mutex.synchronize do
+          raise Bundler::ConnectionPool::PoolShuttingDownError if @shutdown_block
+
+          reserve_idle_connection(idle_seconds)
+        end
+      break unless conn
+
+      block.call(conn)
+    end
+  end
 
+  ##
+  # Returns +true+ if there are no available connections.
   def empty?
     (@created - @que.length) >= @max
   end
 
   ##
   # The number of connections available on the stack.
-
   def length
     @max - @created + @que.length
   end
 
+  ##
+  # The number of connections created and available on the stack.
+  def idle
+    @que.length
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Reduce the created count
+  def decrement_created
+    @created -= 1 unless @created == 0
+  end
+
   private
 
   def current_time
@@ -121,8 +159,17 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   ##
   # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
   #
-  # This method must returns true if a connection is available on the stack.
+  # This method must returns a connection from the stack if one exists. Allows
+  # subclasses with expensive match/search algorithms to avoid double-handling
+  # their stack.
+  def try_fetch_connection(options = nil)
+    connection_stored?(options) && fetch_connection(options)
+  end
 
+  ##
+  # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
+  #
+  # This method must returns true if a connection is available on the stack.
   def connection_stored?(options = nil)
     !@que.empty?
   end
@@ -131,31 +178,48 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
   #
   # This method must return a connection from the stack.
-
   def fetch_connection(options = nil)
-    @que.pop
+    @que.pop&.first
   end
 
   ##
   # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
   #
   # This method must shut down all connections on the stack.
-
   def shutdown_connections(options = nil)
-    while connection_stored?(options)
-      conn = fetch_connection(options)
+    while (conn = try_fetch_connection(options))
+      @created -= 1 unless @created == 0
       @shutdown_block.call(conn)
     end
-    @created = 0
   end
 
   ##
   # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
   #
-  # This method must return +obj+ to the stack.
+  # This method returns the oldest idle connection if it has been idle for more than idle_seconds.
+  # This requires that the stack is kept in order of checked in time (oldest first).
+  def reserve_idle_connection(idle_seconds)
+    return unless idle_connections?(idle_seconds)
+
+    @created -= 1 unless @created == 0
+
+    @que.shift.first
+  end
 
+  ##
+  # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
+  #
+  # Returns true if the first connection in the stack has been idle for more than idle_seconds
+  def idle_connections?(idle_seconds)
+    connection_stored? && (current_time - @que.first.last > idle_seconds)
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # This is an extension point for TimedStack and is called with a mutex.
+  #
+  # This method must return +obj+ to the stack.
   def store_connection(obj, options = nil)
-    @que.push obj
+    @que.push [obj, current_time]
   end
 
   ##
@@ -163,7 +227,6 @@ class Bundler::ConnectionPool::TimedStack
   #
   # This method must create a connection if and only if the total number of
   # connections allowed has not been met.
-
   def try_create(options = nil)
     unless @created == @max
       object = @create_block.call
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/version.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/version.rb
index 384d6fc977..2e9eebdbb6 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 class Bundler::ConnectionPool
-  VERSION = "2.4.1"
+  VERSION = "2.5.5"
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/fileutils/lib/fileutils.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/fileutils/lib/fileutils.rb
index 4d7619ddcf..a11fdc7176 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/fileutils/lib/fileutils.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/fileutils/lib/fileutils.rb
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ end
 #
 module Bundler::FileUtils
   # The version number.
-  VERSION = "1.7.3"
+  VERSION = "1.8.0"
 
   def self.private_module_function(name)   #:nodoc:
     module_function name
@@ -706,11 +706,12 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   #
   def ln_s(src, dest, force: nil, relative: false, target_directory: true, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
     if relative
-      return ln_sr(src, dest, force: force, noop: noop, verbose: verbose)
+      return ln_sr(src, dest, force: force, target_directory: target_directory, noop: noop, verbose: verbose)
     end
-    fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
+    fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{
+      target_directory ? '' : 'T'} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
     return if noop
-    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory) do |s,d|
       remove_file d, true if force
       File.symlink s, d
     end
@@ -730,42 +731,37 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   # Like Bundler::FileUtils.ln_s, but create links relative to +dest+.
   #
   def ln_sr(src, dest, target_directory: true, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
-    options = "#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{target_directory ? '' : 'T'}"
-    dest = File.path(dest)
-    srcs = Array(src)
-    link = proc do |s, target_dir_p = true|
-      s = File.path(s)
-      if target_dir_p
-        d = File.join(destdirs = dest, File.basename(s))
+    cmd = "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{target_directory ? '' : 'T'}" if verbose
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory) do |s,d|
+      if target_directory
+        parent = File.dirname(d)
+        destdirs = fu_split_path(parent)
+        real_ddirs = fu_split_path(File.realpath(parent))
       else
-        destdirs = File.dirname(d = dest)
+        destdirs ||= fu_split_path(dest)
+        real_ddirs ||= fu_split_path(File.realdirpath(dest))
       end
-      destdirs = fu_split_path(File.realpath(destdirs))
-      if fu_starting_path?(s)
-        srcdirs = fu_split_path((File.realdirpath(s) rescue File.expand_path(s)))
-        base = fu_relative_components_from(srcdirs, destdirs)
-        s = File.join(*base)
+      srcdirs = fu_split_path(s)
+      i = fu_common_components(srcdirs, destdirs)
+      n = destdirs.size - i
+      n -= 1 unless target_directory
+      link1 = fu_clean_components(*Array.new([n, 0].max, '..'), *srcdirs[i..-1])
+      begin
+        real_sdirs = fu_split_path(File.realdirpath(s)) rescue nil
+      rescue
       else
-        srcdirs = fu_clean_components(*fu_split_path(s))
-        base = fu_relative_components_from(fu_split_path(Dir.pwd), destdirs)
-        while srcdirs.first&. == ".." and base.last&.!=("..") and !fu_starting_path?(base.last)
-          srcdirs.shift
-          base.pop
-        end
-        s = File.join(*base, *srcdirs)
+        i = fu_common_components(real_sdirs, real_ddirs)
+        n = real_ddirs.size - i
+        n -= 1 unless target_directory
+        link2 = fu_clean_components(*Array.new([n, 0].max, '..'), *real_sdirs[i..-1])
+        link1 = link2 if link1.size > link2.size
       end
-      fu_output_message "ln -s#{options} #{s} #{d}" if verbose
+      s = File.join(link1)
+      fu_output_message [cmd, s, d].flatten.join(' ') if verbose
       next if noop
       remove_file d, true if force
       File.symlink s, d
     end
-    case srcs.size
-    when 0
-    when 1
-      link[srcs[0], target_directory && File.directory?(dest)]
-    else
-      srcs.each(&link)
-    end
   end
   module_function :ln_sr
 
@@ -800,13 +796,13 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   #   File.file?('dest1/dir1/t2.txt') # => true
   #   File.file?('dest1/dir1/t3.txt') # => true
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference_root: true</tt> - dereferences +src+ if it is a symbolic link.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before creating links.
+  # - +dereference_root+ - dereferences +src+ if it is a symbolic link (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before creating links (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Raises an exception if +dest+ is the path to an existing file or directory
-  # and keyword argument <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> is not given.
+  # and optional argument +remove_destination+ is not given.
   #
   # Related: Bundler::FileUtils.ln (has different options).
   #
@@ -1029,12 +1025,12 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   # directories, and symbolic links;
   # other file types (FIFO streams, device files, etc.) are not supported.
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference_root: true</tt> - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
-  #   follows the link.
-  # - <tt>preserve: true</tt> - preserves file times.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before copying files.
+  # - +dereference_root+ - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
+  #   follows the link (+false+ by default).
+  # - +preserve+ - preserves file times (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before copying files (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Related: {methods for copying}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Copying].
   #
@@ -1065,12 +1061,12 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   #   Bundler::FileUtils.copy_file('src0.txt', 'dest0.txt')
   #   File.file?('dest0.txt') # => true
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference: false</tt> - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
-  #   does not follow the link.
-  # - <tt>preserve: true</tt> - preserves file times.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before copying files.
+  # - +dereference+ - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
+  #   follows the link (+true+ by default).
+  # - +preserve+ - preserves file times (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before copying files (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Related: {methods for copying}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Copying].
   #
@@ -1491,7 +1487,8 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   # Related: {methods for deleting}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Deleting].
   #
   def remove_dir(path, force = false)
-    remove_entry path, force   # FIXME?? check if it is a directory
+    raise Errno::ENOTDIR, path unless force or File.directory?(path)
+    remove_entry path, force
   end
   module_function :remove_dir
 
@@ -2475,6 +2472,10 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
 
   def fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory = true)   #:nodoc:
     if tmp = Array.try_convert(src)
+      unless target_directory or tmp.size <= 1
+        tmp = tmp.map {|f| File.path(f)} # A workaround for RBS
+        raise ArgumentError, "extra target #{tmp}"
+      end
       tmp.each do |s|
         s = File.path(s)
         yield s, (target_directory ? File.join(dest, File.basename(s)) : dest)
@@ -2509,7 +2510,11 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
     path = File.path(path)
     list = []
     until (parent, base = File.split(path); parent == path or parent == ".")
-      list << base
+      if base != '..' and list.last == '..' and !(fu_have_symlink? && File.symlink?(path))
+        list.pop
+      else
+        list << base
+      end
       path = parent
     end
     list << path
@@ -2517,14 +2522,14 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
   end
   private_module_function :fu_split_path
 
-  def fu_relative_components_from(target, base) #:nodoc:
+  def fu_common_components(target, base) #:nodoc:
     i = 0
     while target[i]&.== base[i]
       i += 1
     end
-    Array.new(base.size-i, '..').concat(target[i..-1])
+    i
   end
-  private_module_function :fu_relative_components_from
+  private_module_function :fu_common_components
 
   def fu_clean_components(*comp) #:nodoc:
     comp.shift while comp.first == "."
@@ -2534,7 +2539,7 @@ module Bundler::FileUtils
     while c = comp.shift
       if c == ".." and clean.last != ".." and !(fu_have_symlink? && File.symlink?(path))
         clean.pop
-        path.chomp!(%r((?<=\A|/)[^/]+/\z), "")
+        path.sub!(%r((?<=\A|/)[^/]+/\z), "")
       else
         clean << c
         path << c << "/"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent.rb
index cfc0f48197..93e403a5bb 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../../../vendored_net_http'
 require_relative '../../../../../vendored_uri'
-require 'cgi' # for escaping
+begin
+  require 'cgi/escape'
+rescue LoadError
+  require 'cgi/util' # for escaping
+end
 require_relative '../../../../connection_pool/lib/connection_pool'
 
 autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
@@ -42,9 +46,8 @@ autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
 #   # perform the POST, the Gem::URI is always required
 #   response http.request post_uri, post
 #
-# Note that for GET, HEAD and other requests that do not have a body you want
-# to use Gem::URI#request_uri not Gem::URI#path.  The request_uri contains the query
-# params which are sent in the body for other requests.
+# ⚠ Note that for GET, HEAD and other requests that do not have a body,
+# it uses Gem::URI#request_uri as default to send query params
 #
 # == TLS/SSL
 #
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
 # #ca_path            :: Directory with certificate-authorities
 # #cert_store         :: An SSL certificate store
 # #ciphers            :: List of SSl ciphers allowed
+# #extra_chain_cert   :: Extra certificates to be added to the certificate chain
 # #private_key        :: The client's SSL private key
 # #reuse_ssl_sessions :: Reuse a previously opened SSL session for a new
 #                        connection
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
   ##
   # The version of Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent you are using
 
-  VERSION = '4.0.4'
+  VERSION = '4.0.6'
 
   ##
   # Error class for errors raised by Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent.  Various
@@ -268,6 +272,11 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
   attr_reader :ciphers
 
   ##
+  # Extra certificates to be added to the certificate chain
+
+  attr_reader :extra_chain_cert
+
+  ##
   # Sends debug_output to this IO via Gem::Net::HTTP#set_debug_output.
   #
   # Never use this method in production code, it causes a serious security
@@ -587,6 +596,21 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
     reconnect_ssl
   end
 
+  if Gem::Net::HTTP.method_defined?(:extra_chain_cert=)
+    ##
+    # Extra certificates to be added to the certificate chain.
+    # It is only supported starting from Gem::Net::HTTP version 0.1.1
+    def extra_chain_cert= extra_chain_cert
+      @extra_chain_cert = extra_chain_cert
+
+      reconnect_ssl
+    end
+  else
+    def extra_chain_cert= _extra_chain_cert
+      raise "extra_chain_cert= is not supported by this version of Gem::Net::HTTP"
+    end
+  end
+
   ##
   # Creates a new connection for +uri+
 
@@ -605,47 +629,49 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
 
     connection = @pool.checkout net_http_args
 
-    http = connection.http
+    begin
+      http = connection.http
 
-    connection.ressl @ssl_generation if
-      connection.ssl_generation != @ssl_generation
+      connection.ressl @ssl_generation if
+        connection.ssl_generation != @ssl_generation
 
-    if not http.started? then
-      ssl   http if use_ssl
-      start http
-    elsif expired? connection then
-      reset connection
-    end
+      if not http.started? then
+        ssl   http if use_ssl
+        start http
+      elsif expired? connection then
+        reset connection
+      end
 
-    http.keep_alive_timeout = @idle_timeout  if @idle_timeout
-    http.max_retries        = @max_retries   if http.respond_to?(:max_retries=)
-    http.read_timeout       = @read_timeout  if @read_timeout
-    http.write_timeout      = @write_timeout if
-      @write_timeout && http.respond_to?(:write_timeout=)
+      http.keep_alive_timeout = @idle_timeout  if @idle_timeout
+      http.max_retries        = @max_retries   if http.respond_to?(:max_retries=)
+      http.read_timeout       = @read_timeout  if @read_timeout
+      http.write_timeout      = @write_timeout if
+        @write_timeout && http.respond_to?(:write_timeout=)
+
+      return yield connection
+    rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED
+      if http.proxy?
+        address = http.proxy_address
+        port    = http.proxy_port
+      else
+        address = http.address
+        port    = http.port
+      end
 
-    return yield connection
-  rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED
-    if http.proxy?
-      address = http.proxy_address
-      port    = http.proxy_port
-    else
-      address = http.address
-      port    = http.port
-    end
+      raise Error, "connection refused: #{address}:#{port}"
+    rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN
+      if http.proxy?
+        address = http.proxy_address
+        port    = http.proxy_port
+      else
+        address = http.address
+        port    = http.port
+      end
 
-    raise Error, "connection refused: #{address}:#{port}"
-  rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN
-    if http.proxy?
-      address = http.proxy_address
-      port    = http.proxy_port
-    else
-      address = http.address
-      port    = http.port
+      raise Error, "host down: #{address}:#{port}"
+    ensure
+      @pool.checkin net_http_args
     end
-
-    raise Error, "host down: #{address}:#{port}"
-  ensure
-    @pool.checkin net_http_args
   end
 
   ##
@@ -782,7 +808,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
       @proxy_connection_id = [nil, *@proxy_args].join ':'
 
       if @proxy_uri.query then
-        @no_proxy = CGI.parse(@proxy_uri.query)['no_proxy'].join(',').downcase.split(',').map { |x| x.strip }.reject { |x| x.empty? }
+        @no_proxy = Gem::URI.decode_www_form(@proxy_uri.query).filter_map { |k, v| v if k == 'no_proxy' }.join(',').downcase.split(',').map { |x| x.strip }.reject { |x| x.empty? }
       end
     end
 
@@ -953,7 +979,8 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
   end
 
   ##
-  # Shuts down all connections
+  # Shuts down all connections. Attempting to checkout a connection after
+  # shutdown will raise an error.
   #
   # *NOTE*: Calling shutdown for can be dangerous!
   #
@@ -965,6 +992,17 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent
   end
 
   ##
+  # Discard all existing connections. Subsequent checkouts will create
+  # new connections as needed.
+  #
+  # If any thread is still using a connection it may cause an error!  Call
+  # #reload when you are completely done making requests!
+
+  def reload
+    @pool.reload { |http| http.finish }
+  end
+
+  ##
   # Enables SSL on +connection+
 
   def ssl connection
@@ -1021,6 +1059,10 @@ application:
       connection.key  = @private_key
     end
 
+    if defined?(@extra_chain_cert) and @extra_chain_cert
+      connection.extra_chain_cert = @extra_chain_cert
+    end
+
     connection.cert_store = if @cert_store then
                               @cert_store
                             else
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/timed_stack_multi.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/timed_stack_multi.rb
index 214804fcd9..034fbe39b8 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/timed_stack_multi.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/timed_stack_multi.rb
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTP::Persistent::TimedStackMulti < Bundler::ConnectionPool::Tim
     if @created >= @max && @enqueued >= 1
       oldest, = @lru.first
       @lru.delete oldest
-      @ques[oldest].pop
+      connection = @ques[oldest].pop
+      connection.close if connection.respond_to?(:close)
 
       @created -= 1
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb
index dce20d37ad..491151ec0b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb
@@ -79,29 +79,17 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
       dependencies_for(@root_package, @root_version)
     end
 
-    # Override me (maybe)
-    #
-    # If not overridden, the order returned by all_versions_for will be used
-    #
-    # Returns: Array of versions in preferred order
-    def sort_versions_by_preferred(package, sorted_versions)
-      indexes = @version_indexes[package]
-      sorted_versions.sort_by { |version| indexes[version] }
-    end
-
     def initialize
       @root_package = Package.root
       @root_version = Package.root_version
 
-      @cached_versions = Hash.new do |h,k|
+      @sorted_versions = Hash.new do |h,k|
         if k == @root_package
           h[k] = [@root_version]
         else
-          h[k] = all_versions_for(k)
+          h[k] = all_versions_for(k).sort
         end
       end
-      @sorted_versions = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = @cached_versions[k].sort }
-      @version_indexes = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = @cached_versions[k].each.with_index.to_h }
 
       @cached_dependencies = Hash.new do |packages, package|
         if package == @root_package
@@ -117,15 +105,7 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
     end
 
     def versions_for(package, range=VersionRange.any)
-      versions = range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
-
-      # Conditional avoids (among other things) calling
-      # sort_versions_by_preferred with the root package
-      if versions.size > 1
-        sort_versions_by_preferred(package, versions)
-      else
-        versions
-      end
+      range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
     end
 
     def no_versions_incompatibility_for(_package, unsatisfied_term)
@@ -164,7 +144,7 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
             sorted_versions[high]
           end
 
-        range = VersionRange.new(min: low, max: high, include_min: true)
+        range = VersionRange.new(min: low, max: high, include_min: !low.nil?)
 
         self_constraint = VersionConstraint.new(package, range: range)
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6955655ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+module Bundler::PubGrub
+  class Strategy
+    def initialize(source)
+      @source = source
+
+      @root_package = Package.root
+      @root_version = Package.root_version
+
+      @version_indexes = Hash.new do |h,k|
+        if k == @root_package
+          h[k] = { @root_version => 0 }
+        else
+          h[k] = @source.all_versions_for(k).each.with_index.to_h
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def next_package_and_version(unsatisfied)
+      package, range = next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+
+      [package, most_preferred_version_of(package, range)]
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def most_preferred_version_of(package, range)
+      versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+
+      indexes = @version_indexes[package]
+      versions.min_by { |version| indexes[version] }
+    end
+
+    def next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+      unsatisfied.min_by do |package, range|
+        matching_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+        higher_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range.upper_invert)
+
+        [matching_versions.count <= 1 ? 0 : 1, higher_versions.count]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb
index 8d73c3f7b5..49dcf716a3 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
     end
 
     def initialize(min: nil, max: nil, include_min: false, include_max: false, name: nil)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Ranges without a lower bound cannot have include_min == true" if !min && include_min == true
+      raise ArgumentError, "Ranges without an upper bound cannot have include_max == true" if !max && include_max == true
+
       @min = min
       @max = max
       @include_min = include_min
@@ -311,10 +314,19 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
 
     def contiguous_to?(other)
       return false if other.empty?
+      return true if any?
+
+      intersects?(other) || contiguous_below?(other) || contiguous_above?(other)
+    end
+
+    def contiguous_below?(other)
+      return false if !max || !other.min
+
+      max == other.min && (include_max || other.include_min)
+    end
 
-      intersects?(other) ||
-        (min == other.max && (include_min || other.include_max)) ||
-        (max == other.min && (include_max || other.include_min))
+    def contiguous_above?(other)
+      other.contiguous_below?(self)
     end
 
     def allows_all?(other)
@@ -375,15 +387,15 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
     def invert
       return self.class.empty if any?
 
-      low = VersionRange.new(max: min, include_max: !include_min)
-      high = VersionRange.new(min: max, include_min: !include_max)
+      low = -> { VersionRange.new(max: min, include_max: !include_min) }
+      high = -> { VersionRange.new(min: max, include_min: !include_max) }
 
       if !min
-        high
+        high.call
       elsif !max
-        low
+        low.call
       else
-        low.union(high)
+        low.call.union(high.call)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb
index 4caf6b355b..000923e99a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb
@@ -2,17 +2,20 @@ require_relative 'partial_solution'
 require_relative 'term'
 require_relative 'incompatibility'
 require_relative 'solve_failure'
+require_relative 'strategy'
 
 module Bundler::PubGrub
   class VersionSolver
     attr_reader :logger
     attr_reader :source
     attr_reader :solution
+    attr_reader :strategy
 
-    def initialize(source:, root: Package.root, logger: Bundler::PubGrub.logger)
+    def initialize(source:, root: Package.root, strategy: Strategy.new(source), logger: Bundler::PubGrub.logger)
       @logger = logger
 
       @source = source
+      @strategy = strategy
 
       # { package => [incompatibility, ...]}
       @incompatibilities = Hash.new do |h, k|
@@ -36,26 +39,25 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
 
     # Returns true if there is more work to be done, false otherwise
     def work
-      return false if solved?
-
-      next_package = choose_package_version
-      propagate(next_package)
-
-      if solved?
+      unsatisfied_terms = solution.unsatisfied
+      if unsatisfied_terms.empty?
         logger.info { "Solution found after #{solution.attempted_solutions} attempts:" }
         solution.decisions.each do |package, version|
           next if Package.root?(package)
           logger.info { "* #{package} #{version}" }
         end
 
-        false
-      else
-        true
+        return false
       end
+
+      next_package = choose_package_version_from(unsatisfied_terms)
+      propagate(next_package)
+
+      true
     end
 
     def solve
-      work until solved?
+      while work; end
 
       solution.decisions
     end
@@ -105,29 +107,15 @@ module Bundler::PubGrub
       unsatisfied.package
     end
 
-    def next_package_to_try
-      solution.unsatisfied.min_by do |term|
-        package = term.package
-        range = term.constraint.range
-        matching_versions = source.versions_for(package, range)
-        higher_versions = source.versions_for(package, range.upper_invert)
+    def choose_package_version_from(unsatisfied_terms)
+      remaining = unsatisfied_terms.map { |t| [t.package, t.constraint.range] }.to_h
 
-        [matching_versions.count <= 1 ? 0 : 1, higher_versions.count]
-      end.package
-    end
-
-    def choose_package_version
-      if solution.unsatisfied.empty?
-        logger.info "No packages unsatisfied. Solving complete!"
-        return nil
-      end
+      package, version = strategy.next_package_and_version(remaining)
 
-      package = next_package_to_try
-      unsatisfied_term = solution.unsatisfied.find { |t| t.package == package }
-      version = source.versions_for(package, unsatisfied_term.constraint.range).first
       logger.debug { "attempting #{package} #{version}" }
 
       if version.nil?
+        unsatisfied_term = unsatisfied_terms.find { |t| t.package == package }
         add_incompatibility source.no_versions_incompatibility_for(package, unsatisfied_term)
         return package
       end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb
index bfd9f5c914..945bdbd551 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ class Bundler::Thor
     # alias name.
     def find_command_possibilities(meth)
       len = meth.to_s.length
-      possibilities = all_commands.merge(map).keys.select { |n| meth == n[0, len] }.sort
+      possibilities = all_commands.reject { |_k, c| c.hidden? }.merge(map).keys.select { |n| meth == n[0, len] }.sort
       unique_possibilities = possibilities.map { |k| map[k] || k }.uniq
 
       if possibilities.include?(meth)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/file_manipulation.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/file_manipulation.rb
index bccfbb6b85..d8c9863054 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/file_manipulation.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/file_manipulation.rb
@@ -242,6 +242,35 @@ class Bundler::Thor
       insert_into_file(path, *(args << config), &block)
     end
 
+    # Run a regular expression replacement on a file, raising an error if the
+    # contents of the file are not changed.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    # path<String>:: path of the file to be changed
+    # flag<Regexp|String>:: the regexp or string to be replaced
+    # replacement<String>:: the replacement, can be also given as a block
+    # config<Hash>:: give :verbose => false to not log the status, and
+    #                :force => true, to force the replacement regardless of runner behavior.
+    #
+    # ==== Example
+    #
+    #   gsub_file! 'app/controllers/application_controller.rb', /#\s*(filter_parameter_logging :password)/, '\1'
+    #
+    #   gsub_file! 'README', /rake/, :green do |match|
+    #     match << " no more. Use thor!"
+    #   end
+    #
+    def gsub_file!(path, flag, *args, &block)
+      config = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+
+      return unless behavior == :invoke || config.fetch(:force, false)
+
+      path = File.expand_path(path, destination_root)
+      say_status :gsub, relative_to_original_destination_root(path), config.fetch(:verbose, true)
+
+      actually_gsub_file(path, flag, args, true, &block) unless options[:pretend]
+    end
+
     # Run a regular expression replacement on a file.
     #
     # ==== Parameters
@@ -267,11 +296,7 @@ class Bundler::Thor
       path = File.expand_path(path, destination_root)
       say_status :gsub, relative_to_original_destination_root(path), config.fetch(:verbose, true)
 
-      unless options[:pretend]
-        content = File.binread(path)
-        content.gsub!(flag, *args, &block)
-        File.open(path, "wb") { |file| file.write(content) }
-      end
+      actually_gsub_file(path, flag, args, false, &block) unless options[:pretend]
     end
 
     # Uncomment all lines matching a given regex. Preserves indentation before
@@ -348,7 +373,7 @@ class Bundler::Thor
     end
 
     def with_output_buffer(buf = "".dup) #:nodoc:
-      raise ArgumentError, "Buffer can not be a frozen object" if buf.frozen?
+      raise ArgumentError, "Buffer cannot be a frozen object" if buf.frozen?
       old_buffer = output_buffer
       self.output_buffer = buf
       yield
@@ -357,6 +382,17 @@ class Bundler::Thor
       self.output_buffer = old_buffer
     end
 
+    def actually_gsub_file(path, flag, args, error_on_no_change, &block)
+      content = File.binread(path)
+      success = content.gsub!(flag, *args, &block)
+
+      if success.nil? && error_on_no_change
+        raise Bundler::Thor::Error, "The content of #{path} did not change"
+      end
+
+      File.open(path, "wb") { |file| file.write(content) }
+    end
+
     # Bundler::Thor::Actions#capture depends on what kind of buffer is used in ERB.
     # Thus CapturableERB fixes ERB to use String buffer.
     class CapturableERB < ERB
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/options.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/options.rb
index 734f5fe7e3..fe22d989e5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/options.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/options.rb
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class Bundler::Thor
     def check_exclusive!
       opts = @assigns.keys
       # When option A and B are exclusive, if A and B are given at the same time,
-      # the diffrence of argument array size will decrease.
+      # the difference of argument array size will decrease.
       found = @exclusives.find{ |ex| (ex - opts).size < ex.size - 1 }
       if found
         names = names_to_switch_names(found & opts).map{|n| "'#{n}'"}
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/runner.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/runner.rb
index c7cc873131..f0ce6df96c 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/runner.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/runner.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 require_relative "../thor"
 require_relative "group"
 
-require "yaml"
 require "digest/sha2"
-require "pathname"
+require "pathname" unless defined?(Pathname)
 
 class Bundler::Thor::Runner < Bundler::Thor #:nodoc:
   map "-T" => :list, "-i" => :install, "-u" => :update, "-v" => :version
@@ -195,6 +194,7 @@ private
   def thor_yaml
     @thor_yaml ||= begin
       yaml_file = File.join(thor_root, "thor.yml")
+      require "yaml"
       yaml = YAML.load_file(yaml_file) if File.exist?(yaml_file)
       yaml || {}
     end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/basic.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/basic.rb
index b3e85733cb..da02b94227 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/basic.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/basic.rb
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class Bundler::Thor
         diff_cmd = ENV["THOR_DIFF"] || ENV["RAILS_DIFF"] || "diff -u"
 
         require "tempfile"
-        Tempfile.open(File.basename(destination), File.dirname(destination)) do |temp|
+        Tempfile.open(File.basename(destination), File.dirname(destination), binmode: true) do |temp|
           temp.write content
           temp.rewind
           system %(#{diff_cmd} "#{destination}" "#{temp.path}")
@@ -372,16 +372,12 @@ class Bundler::Thor
         Tempfile.open([File.basename(destination), File.extname(destination)], File.dirname(destination)) do |temp|
           temp.write content
           temp.rewind
-          system %(#{merge_tool} "#{temp.path}" "#{destination}")
+          system(merge_tool, temp.path, destination)
         end
       end
 
       def merge_tool #:nodoc:
-        @merge_tool ||= ENV["THOR_MERGE"] || git_merge_tool
-      end
-
-      def git_merge_tool #:nodoc:
-        `git config merge.tool`.rstrip rescue ""
+        @merge_tool ||= ENV["THOR_MERGE"] || "git difftool --no-index"
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/version.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/version.rb
index cd7b4f060e..5474a2f71b 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 class Bundler::Thor
-  VERSION = "1.3.2"
+  VERSION = "1.4.0"
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
index 186da24fa8..38339119c5 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ module Bundler::URI
     remove_const(:Parser) if defined?(::Bundler::URI::Parser)
     const_set("Parser", parser.class)
 
+    remove_const(:PARSER) if defined?(::Bundler::URI::PARSER)
+    const_set("PARSER", parser)
+
     remove_const(:REGEXP) if defined?(::Bundler::URI::REGEXP)
     remove_const(:PATTERN) if defined?(::Bundler::URI::PATTERN)
     if Parser == RFC2396_Parser
@@ -49,10 +52,10 @@ module Bundler::URI
       warn "Bundler::URI::REGEXP is obsolete. Use Bundler::URI::RFC2396_REGEXP explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       Bundler::URI::RFC2396_REGEXP
     elsif value = RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[const]
-      warn "Bundler::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[#{const.inspect}] explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
+      warn "Bundler::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use Bundler::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[#{const.inspect}] explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       value
     elsif value = RFC2396_Parser.const_get(const)
-      warn "Bundler::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use RFC2396_Parser::#{const} explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
+      warn "Bundler::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use Bundler::URI::RFC2396_Parser::#{const} explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       value
     else
       super
@@ -92,6 +95,40 @@ module Bundler::URI
   end
 
   module Schemes # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      ReservedChars = ".+-"
+      EscapedChars = "\u01C0\u01C1\u01C2"
+      # Use Lo category chars as escaped chars for TruffleRuby, which
+      # does not allow Symbol categories as identifiers.
+
+      def escape(name)
+        unless name and name.ascii_only?
+          return nil
+        end
+        name.upcase.tr(ReservedChars, EscapedChars)
+      end
+
+      def unescape(name)
+        name.tr(EscapedChars, ReservedChars).encode(Encoding::US_ASCII).upcase
+      end
+
+      def find(name)
+        const_get(name, false) if name and const_defined?(name, false)
+      end
+
+      def register(name, klass)
+        unless scheme = escape(name)
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid character as scheme - #{name}"
+        end
+        const_set(scheme, klass)
+      end
+
+      def list
+        constants.map { |name|
+          [unescape(name.to_s), const_get(name)]
+        }.to_h
+      end
+    end
   end
   private_constant :Schemes
 
@@ -104,7 +141,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
   # Note that after calling String#upcase on +scheme+, it must be a valid
   # constant name.
   def self.register_scheme(scheme, klass)
-    Schemes.const_set(scheme.to_s.upcase, klass)
+    Schemes.register(scheme, klass)
   end
 
   # Returns a hash of the defined schemes:
@@ -122,14 +159,14 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #
   # Related: Bundler::URI.register_scheme.
   def self.scheme_list
-    Schemes.constants.map { |name|
-      [name.to_s.upcase, Schemes.const_get(name)]
-    }.to_h
+    Schemes.list
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   INITIAL_SCHEMES = scheme_list
   private_constant :INITIAL_SCHEMES
   Ractor.make_shareable(INITIAL_SCHEMES) if defined?(Ractor)
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # Returns a new object constructed from the given +scheme+, +arguments+,
   # and +default+:
@@ -148,12 +185,10 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #   # => #<Bundler::URI::HTTP foo://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
   def self.for(scheme, *arguments, default: Generic)
-    const_name = scheme.to_s.upcase
+    const_name = Schemes.escape(scheme)
 
     uri_class = INITIAL_SCHEMES[const_name]
-    uri_class ||= if /\A[A-Z]\w*\z/.match?(const_name) && Schemes.const_defined?(const_name, false)
-      Schemes.const_get(const_name, false)
-    end
+    uri_class ||= Schemes.find(const_name)
     uri_class ||= default
 
     return uri_class.new(scheme, *arguments)
@@ -195,7 +230,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #    ["fragment", "top"]]
   #
   def self.split(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.split(uri)
+    PARSER.split(uri)
   end
 
   # Returns a new \Bundler::URI object constructed from the given string +uri+:
@@ -205,11 +240,11 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #   Bundler::URI.parse('http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top')
   #   # => #<Bundler::URI::HTTP http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
-  # It's recommended to first ::escape string +uri+
+  # It's recommended to first Bundler::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape string +uri+
   # if it may contain invalid Bundler::URI characters.
   #
   def self.parse(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.parse(uri)
+    PARSER.parse(uri)
   end
 
   # Merges the given Bundler::URI strings +str+
@@ -265,7 +300,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #
   def self.extract(str, schemes = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
     warn "Bundler::URI.extract is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
+    PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
   end
 
   #
@@ -302,7 +337,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
   #
   def self.regexp(schemes = nil)# :nodoc:
     warn "Bundler::URI.regexp is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
+    PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
   end
 
   TBLENCWWWCOMP_ = {} # :nodoc:
@@ -407,6 +442,8 @@ module Bundler::URI
     _decode_uri_component(/%\h\h/, str, enc)
   end
 
+  # Returns a string derived from the given string +str+ with
+  # Bundler::URI-encoded characters matching +regexp+ according to +table+.
   def self._encode_uri_component(regexp, table, str, enc)
     str = str.to_s.dup
     if str.encoding != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
@@ -421,6 +458,8 @@ module Bundler::URI
   end
   private_class_method :_encode_uri_component
 
+  # Returns a string decoding characters matching +regexp+ from the
+  # given \URL-encoded string +str+.
   def self._decode_uri_component(regexp, str, enc)
     raise ArgumentError, "invalid %-encoding (#{str})" if /%(?!\h\h)/.match?(str)
     str.b.gsub(regexp, TBLDECWWWCOMP_).force_encoding(enc)
@@ -859,6 +898,7 @@ module Bundler
   # Returns a \Bundler::URI object derived from the given +uri+,
   # which may be a \Bundler::URI string or an existing \Bundler::URI object:
   #
+  #   require 'bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri'
   #   # Returns a new Bundler::URI.
   #   uri = Bundler::URI('http://github.com/ruby/ruby')
   #   # => #<Bundler::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
@@ -866,6 +906,8 @@ module Bundler
   #   Bundler::URI(uri)
   #   # => #<Bundler::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
   #
+  # You must require 'bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri' to use this method.
+  #
   def URI(uri)
     if uri.is_a?(Bundler::URI::Generic)
       uri
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
index de347af6eb..21dd9ee535 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     #       :path => '/ruby/src'})
     #     uri2.to_s  # => "file://host.example.com/ruby/src"
     #
-    #     uri3 = Bundler::URI::File.build({:path => Bundler::URI::escape('/path/my file.txt')})
+    #     uri3 = Bundler::URI::File.build({:path => Bundler::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape('/path/my file.txt')})
     #     uri3.to_s  # => "file:///path/my%20file.txt"
     #
     def self.build(args)
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
index 6abb171d14..30dab60903 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     #
     # At first, tries to create a new Bundler::URI::Generic instance using
     # Bundler::URI::Generic::build. But, if exception Bundler::URI::InvalidComponentError is raised,
-    # then it does Bundler::URI::Escape.escape all Bundler::URI components and tries again.
+    # then it does Bundler::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape all Bundler::URI components and tries again.
     #
     def self.build2(args)
       begin
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ module Bundler::URI
           end
         end
       else
-        component = self.class.component rescue ::Bundler::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
+        component = self.component rescue ::Bundler::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
         raise ArgumentError,
-        "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self.class} (#{component.join(', ')})"
+              "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self} (#{component.join(', ')})"
       end
 
       tmp << nil
@@ -186,18 +186,18 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
       if arg_check
         self.scheme = scheme
-        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.hostname = host
         self.port = port
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.path = path
         self.query = query
         self.opaque = opaque
         self.fragment = fragment
       else
         self.set_scheme(scheme)
-        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_host(host)
         self.set_port(port)
+        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_path(path)
         self.query = query
         self.set_opaque(opaque)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     # Returns the parser to be used.
     #
-    # Unless a Bundler::URI::Parser is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
+    # Unless the +parser+ is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
     #
     def parser
       if !defined?(@parser) || !@parser
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :SCHEME.
+    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :SCHEME.
     #
     def check_scheme(v)
       if v && parser.regexp[:SCHEME] !~ v
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the user +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the password +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
         user, password = split_userinfo(user)
       end
       @user     = user
-      @password = password if password
+      @password = password
 
       [@user, @password]
     end
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     # See also Bundler::URI::Generic.user=.
     #
     def set_user(v)
-      set_userinfo(v, @password)
+      set_userinfo(v, nil)
       v
     end
     protected :set_user
@@ -574,6 +574,12 @@ module Bundler::URI
       @password
     end
 
+    # Returns the authority info (array of user, password, host and
+    # port), if any is set.  Or returns +nil+.
+    def authority
+      return @user, @password, @host, @port if @user || @password || @host || @port
+    end
+
     # Returns the user component after Bundler::URI decoding.
     def decoded_user
       Bundler::URI.decode_uri_component(@user) if @user
@@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the host +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :HOST.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :HOST.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a host component defined.
@@ -615,6 +621,13 @@ module Bundler::URI
     end
     protected :set_host
 
+    # Protected setter for the authority info (+user+, +password+, +host+
+    # and +port+).  If +port+ is +nil+, +default_port+ will be set.
+    #
+    protected def set_authority(user, password, host, port = nil)
+      @user, @password, @host, @port = user, password, host, port || self.default_port
+    end
+
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -639,6 +652,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     def host=(v)
       check_host(v)
       set_host(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       v
     end
 
@@ -675,7 +689,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the port +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :PORT.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :PORT.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a port component defined.
@@ -729,6 +743,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     def port=(v)
       check_port(v)
       set_port(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       port
     end
 
@@ -748,7 +763,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the path +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp
     # for :ABS_PATH and :REL_PATH.
     #
     # Can not have a opaque component defined,
@@ -853,7 +868,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the opaque +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance and
-    # against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :OPAQUE.
+    # against the +parser+ Regexp for :OPAQUE.
     #
     # Can not have a host, port, user, or path component defined,
     # with an opaque component defined.
@@ -905,7 +920,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the Bundler::URI::Parser Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
+    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
     #
     #
     # == Args
@@ -1121,7 +1136,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
       base = self.dup
 
-      authority = rel.userinfo || rel.host || rel.port
+      authority = rel.authority
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 2)
       if (rel.path.nil? || rel.path.empty?) && !authority && !rel.query
@@ -1134,9 +1149,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 4)
       if authority
-        base.set_userinfo(rel.userinfo)
-        base.set_host(rel.host)
-        base.set_port(rel.port || base.default_port)
+        base.set_authority(*authority)
         base.set_path(rel.path)
       elsif base.path && rel.path
         base.set_path(merge_path(base.path, rel.path))
@@ -1527,7 +1540,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
         else
           unless proxy_uri = env[name]
             if proxy_uri = env[name.upcase]
-              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Use http_proxy.', uplevel: 1
+              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Please use http_proxy instead.', uplevel: 1
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
index 6c34a469b7..9b217ee266 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ module Bundler::URI
       super(tmp)
     end
 
+    # Do not allow empty host names, as they are not allowed by RFC 3986.
+    def check_host(v)
+      ret = super
+
+      if ret && v.empty?
+        raise InvalidComponentError,
+          "bad component(expected host component): #{v}"
+      end
+
+      ret
+    end
+
     #
     # == Description
     #
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
index 229971f73c..522113fe67 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     #
     # == Synopsis
     #
-    #   Bundler::URI::Parser.new([opts])
+    #   Bundler::URI::RFC2396_Parser.new([opts])
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     #
     # == Examples
     #
-    #   p = Bundler::URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
+    #   p = Bundler::URI::RFC2396_Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
     #   u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<Bundler::URI::HTTP http://example.jp/%uABCD>
     #   Bundler::URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises Bundler::URI::InvalidURIError
     #
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ module Bundler::URI
 
     # The Hash of patterns.
     #
-    # See also Bundler::URI::Parser.initialize_pattern.
+    # See also #initialize_pattern.
     attr_reader :pattern
 
     # The Hash of Regexp.
     #
-    # See also Bundler::URI::Parser.initialize_regexp.
+    # See also #initialize_regexp.
     attr_reader :regexp
 
     # Returns a split Bundler::URI against +regexp[:ABS_URI]+.
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     #
     # == Usage
     #
-    #   p = Bundler::URI::Parser.new
-    #   p.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
+    #   Bundler::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
     #   #=> #<Bundler::URI::LDAP ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john>
     #
     def parse(uri)
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
     # If no +block+ given, then returns the result,
     # else it calls +block+ for each element in result.
     #
-    # See also Bundler::URI::Parser.make_regexp.
+    # See also #make_regexp.
     #
     def extract(str, schemes = nil)
       if block_given?
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ module Bundler::URI
       unless schemes
         @regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]
       else
-        /(?=#{Regexp.union(*schemes)}:)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
+        /(?=(?i:#{Regexp.union(*schemes).source}):)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
       end
     end
 
@@ -524,6 +523,8 @@ module Bundler::URI
       ret
     end
 
+    # Returns +uri+ as-is if it is Bundler::URI, or convert it to Bundler::URI if it is
+    # a String.
     def convert_to_uri(uri)
       if uri.is_a?(Bundler::URI::Generic)
         uri
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
index d4996a12e2..ad76308e81 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module Bundler::URI
   # :stopdoc:
-  VERSION_CODE = '010003'.freeze
-  VERSION = VERSION_CODE.scan(/../).collect{|n| n.to_i}.join('.').freeze
+  VERSION = '1.1.1'.freeze
+  VERSION_CODE = VERSION.split('.').map{|s| s.rjust(2, '0')}.join.freeze
   # :startdoc:
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/version.rb b/lib/bundler/version.rb
index fa24b4966e..ca7bb0719a 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/version.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: false
 
 module Bundler
-  VERSION = "2.7.0.dev".freeze
+  VERSION = "4.1.0.dev".freeze
 
   def self.bundler_major_version
-    @bundler_major_version ||= VERSION.split(".").first.to_i
+    @bundler_major_version ||= gem_version.segments.first
   end
 
   def self.gem_version
     @gem_version ||= Gem::Version.create(VERSION)
   end
+
+  def self.verbose_version
+    @verbose_version ||= "#{VERSION}#{simulated_version ? " (simulating Bundler #{simulated_version})" : ""}"
+  end
+
+  def self.simulated_version
+    @simulated_version ||= Bundler.settings[:simulate_version]
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/bundler/vlad.rb b/lib/bundler/vlad.rb
index 6179d0e4eb..c3a3d949a6 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/vlad.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/vlad.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,4 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "shared_helpers"
-Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2,
-  "The Bundler task for Vlad"
-
-# Vlad task for Bundler.
-#
-# Add "require 'bundler/vlad'" in your Vlad deploy.rb, and
-# include the vlad:bundle:install task in your vlad:deploy task.
-require_relative "deployment"
-
-include Rake::DSL if defined? Rake::DSL
-
-namespace :vlad do
-  Bundler::Deployment.define_task(Rake::RemoteTask, :remote_task, roles: :app)
-end
+Bundler::SharedHelpers.feature_removed! "The Bundler task for Vlad"
diff --git a/lib/bundler/worker.rb b/lib/bundler/worker.rb
index 7137484cc6..77f4f004aa 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/worker.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/worker.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ module Bundler
     def initialize(size, name, func)
       @name = name
       @request_queue = Thread::Queue.new
+      @request_queue_with_priority = Thread::Queue.new
       @response_queue = Thread::Queue.new
       @func = func
       @size = size
@@ -32,9 +33,10 @@ module Bundler
     # Enqueue a request to be executed in the worker pool
     #
     # @param obj [String] mostly it is name of spec that should be downloaded
-    def enq(obj)
+    def enq(obj, priority: false)
+      queue = priority ? @request_queue_with_priority : @request_queue
       create_threads unless @threads
-      @request_queue.enq obj
+      queue.enq obj
     end
 
     # Retrieves results of job function being executed in worker pool
@@ -52,7 +54,13 @@ module Bundler
 
     def process_queue(i)
       loop do
-        obj = @request_queue.deq
+        obj = begin
+          @request_queue_with_priority.deq(true)
+        rescue ThreadError
+          @request_queue.deq(false, timeout: 0.05)
+        end
+
+        next if obj.nil?
         break if obj.equal? POISON
         @response_queue.enq apply_func(obj, i)
       end
diff --git a/lib/cgi.rb b/lib/cgi.rb
index 69c3c4fd24..0c403bd19c 100644
--- a/lib/cgi.rb
+++ b/lib/cgi.rb
@@ -1,297 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-#
-# cgi.rb - cgi support library
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2000  Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2000  Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
-#
-# Author: Wakou Aoyama <wakou@ruby-lang.org>
-#
-# Documentation: Wakou Aoyama (RDoc'd and embellished by William Webber)
-#
 
-# == Overview
-#
-# The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a simple protocol for passing an HTTP
-# request from a web server to a standalone program, and returning the output
-# to the web browser.  Basically, a CGI program is called with the parameters
-# of the request passed in either in the environment (GET) or via $stdin
-# (POST), and everything it prints to $stdout is returned to the client.
-#
-# This file holds the CGI class.  This class provides functionality for
-# retrieving HTTP request parameters, managing cookies, and generating HTML
-# output.
-#
-# The file CGI::Session provides session management functionality; see that
-# class for more details.
-#
-# See http://www.w3.org/CGI/ for more information on the CGI protocol.
-#
-# == Introduction
-#
-# CGI is a large class, providing several categories of methods, many of which
-# are mixed in from other modules.  Some of the documentation is in this class,
-# some in the modules CGI::QueryExtension and CGI::HtmlExtension.  See
-# CGI::Cookie for specific information on handling cookies, and cgi/session.rb
-# (CGI::Session) for information on sessions.
-#
-# For queries, CGI provides methods to get at environmental variables,
-# parameters, cookies, and multipart request data.  For responses, CGI provides
-# methods for writing output and generating HTML.
-#
-# Read on for more details.  Examples are provided at the bottom.
-#
-# == Queries
-#
-# The CGI class dynamically mixes in parameter and cookie-parsing
-# functionality,  environmental variable access, and support for
-# parsing multipart requests (including uploaded files) from the
-# CGI::QueryExtension module.
-#
-# === Environmental Variables
-#
-# The standard CGI environmental variables are available as read-only
-# attributes of a CGI object.  The following is a list of these variables:
-#
-#
-#   AUTH_TYPE               HTTP_HOST          REMOTE_IDENT
-#   CONTENT_LENGTH          HTTP_NEGOTIATE     REMOTE_USER
-#   CONTENT_TYPE            HTTP_PRAGMA        REQUEST_METHOD
-#   GATEWAY_INTERFACE       HTTP_REFERER       SCRIPT_NAME
-#   HTTP_ACCEPT             HTTP_USER_AGENT    SERVER_NAME
-#   HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET     PATH_INFO          SERVER_PORT
-#   HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING    PATH_TRANSLATED    SERVER_PROTOCOL
-#   HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE    QUERY_STRING       SERVER_SOFTWARE
-#   HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL      REMOTE_ADDR
-#   HTTP_FROM               REMOTE_HOST
-#
-#
-# For each of these variables, there is a corresponding attribute with the
-# same name, except all lower case and without a preceding HTTP_.
-# +content_length+ and +server_port+ are integers; the rest are strings.
-#
-# === Parameters
-#
-# The method #params() returns a hash of all parameters in the request as
-# name/value-list pairs, where the value-list is an Array of one or more
-# values.  The CGI object itself also behaves as a hash of parameter names
-# to values, but only returns a single value (as a String) for each
-# parameter name.
-#
-# For instance, suppose the request contains the parameter
-# "favourite_colours" with the multiple values "blue" and "green".  The
-# following behavior would occur:
-#
-#   cgi.params["favourite_colours"]  # => ["blue", "green"]
-#   cgi["favourite_colours"]         # => "blue"
-#
-# If a parameter does not exist, the former method will return an empty
-# array, the latter an empty string.  The simplest way to test for existence
-# of a parameter is by the #has_key? method.
-#
-# === Cookies
-#
-# HTTP Cookies are automatically parsed from the request.  They are available
-# from the #cookies() accessor, which returns a hash from cookie name to
-# CGI::Cookie object.
-#
-# === Multipart requests
-#
-# If a request's method is POST and its content type is multipart/form-data,
-# then it may contain uploaded files.  These are stored by the QueryExtension
-# module in the parameters of the request.  The parameter name is the name
-# attribute of the file input field, as usual.  However, the value is not
-# a string, but an IO object, either an IOString for small files, or a
-# Tempfile for larger ones.  This object also has the additional singleton
-# methods:
-#
-# #local_path():: the path of the uploaded file on the local filesystem
-# #original_filename():: the name of the file on the client computer
-# #content_type():: the content type of the file
-#
-# == Responses
-#
-# The CGI class provides methods for sending header and content output to
-# the HTTP client, and mixes in methods for programmatic HTML generation
-# from CGI::HtmlExtension and CGI::TagMaker modules.  The precise version of HTML
-# to use for HTML generation is specified at object creation time.
-#
-# === Writing output
-#
-# The simplest way to send output to the HTTP client is using the #out() method.
-# This takes the HTTP headers as a hash parameter, and the body content
-# via a block.  The headers can be generated as a string using the #http_header()
-# method.  The output stream can be written directly to using the #print()
-# method.
-#
-# === Generating HTML
-#
-# Each HTML element has a corresponding method for generating that
-# element as a String.  The name of this method is the same as that
-# of the element, all lowercase.  The attributes of the element are
-# passed in as a hash, and the body as a no-argument block that evaluates
-# to a String.  The HTML generation module knows which elements are
-# always empty, and silently drops any passed-in body.  It also knows
-# which elements require matching closing tags and which don't.  However,
-# it does not know what attributes are legal for which elements.
-#
-# There are also some additional HTML generation methods mixed in from
-# the CGI::HtmlExtension module.  These include individual methods for the
-# different types of form inputs, and methods for elements that commonly
-# take particular attributes where the attributes can be directly specified
-# as arguments, rather than via a hash.
-#
-# === Utility HTML escape and other methods like a function.
-#
-# There are some utility tool defined in cgi/util.rb .
-# And when include, you can use utility methods like a function.
-#
-# == Examples of use
-#
-# === Get form values
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   value = cgi['field_name']   # <== value string for 'field_name'
-#     # if not 'field_name' included, then return "".
-#   fields = cgi.keys            # <== array of field names
-#
-#   # returns true if form has 'field_name'
-#   cgi.has_key?('field_name')
-#   cgi.has_key?('field_name')
-#   cgi.include?('field_name')
-#
-# CAUTION! <code>cgi['field_name']</code> returned an Array with the old
-# cgi.rb(included in Ruby 1.6)
-#
-# === Get form values as hash
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   params = cgi.params
-#
-# cgi.params is a hash.
-#
-#   cgi.params['new_field_name'] = ["value"]  # add new param
-#   cgi.params['field_name'] = ["new_value"]  # change value
-#   cgi.params.delete('field_name')           # delete param
-#   cgi.params.clear                          # delete all params
-#
-#
-# === Save form values to file
-#
-#   require "pstore"
-#   db = PStore.new("query.db")
-#   db.transaction do
-#     db["params"] = cgi.params
-#   end
-#
-#
-# === Restore form values from file
-#
-#   require "pstore"
-#   db = PStore.new("query.db")
-#   db.transaction do
-#     cgi.params = db["params"]
-#   end
-#
-#
-# === Get multipart form values
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   value = cgi['field_name']   # <== value string for 'field_name'
-#   value.read                  # <== body of value
-#   value.local_path            # <== path to local file of value
-#   value.original_filename     # <== original filename of value
-#   value.content_type          # <== content_type of value
-#
-# and value has StringIO or Tempfile class methods.
-#
-# === Get cookie values
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   values = cgi.cookies['name']  # <== array of 'name'
-#     # if not 'name' included, then return [].
-#   names = cgi.cookies.keys      # <== array of cookie names
-#
-# and cgi.cookies is a hash.
-#
-# === Get cookie objects
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   for name, cookie in cgi.cookies
-#     cookie.expires = Time.now + 30
-#   end
-#   cgi.out("cookie" => cgi.cookies) {"string"}
-#
-#   cgi.cookies # { "name1" => cookie1, "name2" => cookie2, ... }
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new
-#   cgi.cookies['name'].expires = Time.now + 30
-#   cgi.out("cookie" => cgi.cookies['name']) {"string"}
-#
-# === Print http header and html string to $DEFAULT_OUTPUT ($>)
-#
-#   require "cgi"
-#   cgi = CGI.new("html4")  # add HTML generation methods
-#   cgi.out do
-#     cgi.html do
-#       cgi.head do
-#         cgi.title { "TITLE" }
-#       end +
-#       cgi.body do
-#         cgi.form("ACTION" => "uri") do
-#           cgi.p do
-#             cgi.textarea("get_text") +
-#             cgi.br +
-#             cgi.submit
-#           end
-#         end +
-#         cgi.pre do
-#           CGI.escapeHTML(
-#             "params: #{cgi.params.inspect}\n" +
-#             "cookies: #{cgi.cookies.inspect}\n" +
-#             ENV.collect do |key, value|
-#               "#{key} --> #{value}\n"
-#             end.join("")
-#           )
-#         end
-#       end
-#     end
-#   end
-#
-#   # add HTML generation methods
-#   CGI.new("html3")    # html3.2
-#   CGI.new("html4")    # html4.01 (Strict)
-#   CGI.new("html4Tr")  # html4.01 Transitional
-#   CGI.new("html4Fr")  # html4.01 Frameset
-#   CGI.new("html5")    # html5
-#
-# === Some utility methods
-#
-#   require 'cgi/util'
-#   CGI.escapeHTML('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>')
-#
-#
-# === Some utility methods like a function
-#
-#   require 'cgi/util'
-#   include CGI::Util
-#   escapeHTML('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>')
-#   h('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>') # alias
-#
-#
+require "cgi/escape"
+warn <<-WARNING, uplevel: Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel if $VERBOSE
+CGI library is removed from Ruby 4.0. Please use cgi/escape instead for CGI.escape and CGI.unescape features.
 
-class CGI
-  VERSION = "0.4.2"
-end
-
-require 'cgi/core'
-require 'cgi/cookie'
-require 'cgi/util'
-CGI.autoload(:HtmlExtension, 'cgi/html')
+If you need to use the full features of CGI library, please add 'gem "cgi"' to your script
+or use Bundler to ensure you are using the cgi gem instead of this file.
+WARNING
diff --git a/lib/cgi/cgi.gemspec b/lib/cgi/cgi.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ef00d591d..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/cgi.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-name = File.basename(__FILE__, ".gemspec")
-version = ["lib", Array.new(name.count("-")+1, "..").join("/")].find do |dir|
-  break File.foreach(File.join(__dir__, dir, "#{name.tr('-', '/')}.rb")) do |line|
-    /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
-  end rescue nil
-end
-
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name          = name
-  spec.version       = version
-  spec.authors       = ["Yukihiro Matsumoto"]
-  spec.email         = ["matz@ruby-lang.org"]
-
-  spec.summary       = %q{Support for the Common Gateway Interface protocol.}
-  spec.description   = %q{Support for the Common Gateway Interface protocol.}
-  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/cgi"
-  spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
-  spec.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.5.0"
-
-  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
-
-  spec.executables   = []
-
-  spec.files = [
-    "COPYING",
-    "BSDL",
-    "README.md",
-    *Dir["lib{.rb,/**/*.rb}", "bin/*"]  ]
-
-  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-
-  if Gem::Platform === spec.platform and spec.platform =~ 'java' or RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
-    spec.platform = 'java'
-    spec.require_paths << "ext/java/org/jruby/ext/cgi/escape/lib"
-    spec.files += Dir["ext/java/**/*.{rb}", "lib/cgi/escape.jar"]
-  else
-    spec.files += Dir["ext/cgi/**/*.{rb,c,h,sh}", "ext/cgi/escape/depend", "lib/cgi/escape.so"]
-    spec.extensions    = ["ext/cgi/escape/extconf.rb"]
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/cgi/cookie.rb b/lib/cgi/cookie.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c4ef6a600..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/cookie.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-require_relative 'util'
-class CGI
-  # Class representing an HTTP cookie.
-  #
-  # In addition to its specific fields and methods, a Cookie instance
-  # is a delegator to the array of its values.
-  #
-  # See RFC 2965.
-  #
-  # == Examples of use
-  #   cookie1 = CGI::Cookie.new("name", "value1", "value2", ...)
-  #   cookie1 = CGI::Cookie.new("name" => "name", "value" => "value")
-  #   cookie1 = CGI::Cookie.new('name'     => 'name',
-  #                             'value'    => ['value1', 'value2', ...],
-  #                             'path'     => 'path',   # optional
-  #                             'domain'   => 'domain', # optional
-  #                             'expires'  => Time.now, # optional
-  #                             'secure'   => true,     # optional
-  #                             'httponly' => true      # optional
-  #                             )
-  #
-  #   cgi.out("cookie" => [cookie1, cookie2]) { "string" }
-  #
-  #   name     = cookie1.name
-  #   values   = cookie1.value
-  #   path     = cookie1.path
-  #   domain   = cookie1.domain
-  #   expires  = cookie1.expires
-  #   secure   = cookie1.secure
-  #   httponly = cookie1.httponly
-  #
-  #   cookie1.name     = 'name'
-  #   cookie1.value    = ['value1', 'value2', ...]
-  #   cookie1.path     = 'path'
-  #   cookie1.domain   = 'domain'
-  #   cookie1.expires  = Time.now + 30
-  #   cookie1.secure   = true
-  #   cookie1.httponly = true
-  class Cookie < Array
-    @@accept_charset="UTF-8" unless defined?(@@accept_charset)
-
-    TOKEN_RE = %r"\A[[!-~]&&[^()<>@,;:\\\"/?=\[\]{}]]+\z"
-    PATH_VALUE_RE = %r"\A[[ -~]&&[^;]]*\z"
-    DOMAIN_VALUE_RE = %r"\A\.?(?<label>(?!-)[-A-Za-z0-9]+(?<!-))(?:\.\g<label>)*\z"
-
-    # Create a new CGI::Cookie object.
-    #
-    # :call-seq:
-    #   Cookie.new(name_string,*value)
-    #   Cookie.new(options_hash)
-    #
-    # +name_string+::
-    #   The name of the cookie; in this form, there is no #domain or
-    #   #expiration.  The #path is gleaned from the +SCRIPT_NAME+ environment
-    #   variable, and #secure is false.
-    # <tt>*value</tt>::
-    #   value or list of values of the cookie
-    # +options_hash+::
-    #   A Hash of options to initialize this Cookie.  Possible options are:
-    #
-    #   name:: the name of the cookie.  Required.
-    #   value:: the cookie's value or list of values.
-    #   path:: the path for which this cookie applies.  Defaults to
-    #          the value of the +SCRIPT_NAME+ environment variable.
-    #   domain:: the domain for which this cookie applies.
-    #   expires:: the time at which this cookie expires, as a +Time+ object.
-    #   secure:: whether this cookie is a secure cookie or not (default to
-    #            false).  Secure cookies are only transmitted to HTTPS
-    #            servers.
-    #   httponly:: whether this cookie is a HttpOnly cookie or not (default to
-    #            false).  HttpOnly cookies are not available to javascript.
-    #
-    #   These keywords correspond to attributes of the cookie object.
-    def initialize(name = "", *value)
-      @domain = nil
-      @expires = nil
-      if name.kind_of?(String)
-        self.name = name
-        self.path = (%r|\A(.*/)| =~ ENV["SCRIPT_NAME"] ? $1 : "")
-        @secure = false
-        @httponly = false
-        return super(value)
-      end
-
-      options = name
-      unless options.has_key?("name")
-        raise ArgumentError, "`name' required"
-      end
-
-      self.name = options["name"]
-      value = Array(options["value"])
-      # simple support for IE
-      self.path = options["path"] || (%r|\A(.*/)| =~ ENV["SCRIPT_NAME"] ? $1 : "")
-      self.domain = options["domain"]
-      @expires = options["expires"]
-      @secure = options["secure"] == true
-      @httponly = options["httponly"] == true
-
-      super(value)
-    end
-
-    # Name of this cookie, as a +String+
-    attr_reader :name
-    # Set name of this cookie
-    def name=(str)
-      if str and !TOKEN_RE.match?(str)
-        raise ArgumentError, "invalid name: #{str.dump}"
-      end
-      @name = str
-    end
-
-    # Path for which this cookie applies, as a +String+
-    attr_reader :path
-    # Set path for which this cookie applies
-    def path=(str)
-      if str and !PATH_VALUE_RE.match?(str)
-        raise ArgumentError, "invalid path: #{str.dump}"
-      end
-      @path = str
-    end
-
-    # Domain for which this cookie applies, as a +String+
-    attr_reader :domain
-    # Set domain for which this cookie applies
-    def domain=(str)
-      if str and ((str = str.b).bytesize > 255 or !DOMAIN_VALUE_RE.match?(str))
-        raise ArgumentError, "invalid domain: #{str.dump}"
-      end
-      @domain = str
-    end
-
-    # Time at which this cookie expires, as a +Time+
-    attr_accessor :expires
-    # True if this cookie is secure; false otherwise
-    attr_reader :secure
-    # True if this cookie is httponly; false otherwise
-    attr_reader :httponly
-
-    # Returns the value or list of values for this cookie.
-    def value
-      self
-    end
-
-    # Replaces the value of this cookie with a new value or list of values.
-    def value=(val)
-      replace(Array(val))
-    end
-
-    # Set whether the Cookie is a secure cookie or not.
-    #
-    # +val+ must be a boolean.
-    def secure=(val)
-      @secure = val if val == true or val == false
-      @secure
-    end
-
-    # Set whether the Cookie is a httponly cookie or not.
-    #
-    # +val+ must be a boolean.
-    def httponly=(val)
-      @httponly = !!val
-    end
-
-    # Convert the Cookie to its string representation.
-    def to_s
-      val = collect{|v| CGI.escape(v) }.join("&")
-      buf = "#{@name}=#{val}".dup
-      buf << "; domain=#{@domain}" if @domain
-      buf << "; path=#{@path}"     if @path
-      buf << "; expires=#{CGI.rfc1123_date(@expires)}" if @expires
-      buf << "; secure"            if @secure
-      buf << "; HttpOnly"          if @httponly
-      buf
-    end
-
-    # Parse a raw cookie string into a hash of cookie-name=>Cookie
-    # pairs.
-    #
-    #   cookies = CGI::Cookie.parse("raw_cookie_string")
-    #     # { "name1" => cookie1, "name2" => cookie2, ... }
-    #
-    def self.parse(raw_cookie)
-      cookies = Hash.new([])
-      return cookies unless raw_cookie
-
-      raw_cookie.split(/;\s?/).each do |pairs|
-        name, values = pairs.split('=',2)
-        next unless name and values
-        values ||= ""
-        values = values.split('&').collect{|v| CGI.unescape(v,@@accept_charset) }
-        if cookies.has_key?(name)
-          cookies[name].concat(values)
-        else
-          cookies[name] = Cookie.new(name, *values)
-        end
-      end
-
-      cookies
-    end
-
-    # A summary of cookie string.
-    def inspect
-      "#<CGI::Cookie: #{self.to_s.inspect}>"
-    end
-
-  end # class Cookie
-end
-
-
diff --git a/lib/cgi/core.rb b/lib/cgi/core.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 62e606837a..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/core.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,900 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-#--
-# Methods for generating HTML, parsing CGI-related parameters, and
-# generating HTTP responses.
-#++
-class CGI
-  unless const_defined?(:Util)
-    module Util
-      @@accept_charset = "UTF-8" # :nodoc:
-    end
-    include Util
-    extend Util
-  end
-
-  $CGI_ENV = ENV    # for FCGI support
-
-  # String for carriage return
-  CR  = "\015"
-
-  # String for linefeed
-  LF  = "\012"
-
-  # Standard internet newline sequence
-  EOL = CR + LF
-
-  REVISION = '$Id$' #:nodoc:
-
-  # Whether processing will be required in binary vs text
-  NEEDS_BINMODE = File::BINARY != 0
-
-  # Path separators in different environments.
-  PATH_SEPARATOR = {'UNIX'=>'/', 'WINDOWS'=>'\\', 'MACINTOSH'=>':'}
-
-  # HTTP status codes.
-  HTTP_STATUS = {
-    "OK"                  => "200 OK",
-    "PARTIAL_CONTENT"     => "206 Partial Content",
-    "MULTIPLE_CHOICES"    => "300 Multiple Choices",
-    "MOVED"               => "301 Moved Permanently",
-    "REDIRECT"            => "302 Found",
-    "NOT_MODIFIED"        => "304 Not Modified",
-    "BAD_REQUEST"         => "400 Bad Request",
-    "AUTH_REQUIRED"       => "401 Authorization Required",
-    "FORBIDDEN"           => "403 Forbidden",
-    "NOT_FOUND"           => "404 Not Found",
-    "METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED"  => "405 Method Not Allowed",
-    "NOT_ACCEPTABLE"      => "406 Not Acceptable",
-    "LENGTH_REQUIRED"     => "411 Length Required",
-    "PRECONDITION_FAILED" => "412 Precondition Failed",
-    "SERVER_ERROR"        => "500 Internal Server Error",
-    "NOT_IMPLEMENTED"     => "501 Method Not Implemented",
-    "BAD_GATEWAY"         => "502 Bad Gateway",
-    "VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES" => "506 Variant Also Negotiates"
-  }
-
-  # :startdoc:
-
-  # Synonym for ENV.
-  def env_table
-    ENV
-  end
-
-  # Synonym for $stdin.
-  def stdinput
-    $stdin
-  end
-
-  # Synonym for $stdout.
-  def stdoutput
-    $stdout
-  end
-
-  private :env_table, :stdinput, :stdoutput
-
-  # Create an HTTP header block as a string.
-  #
-  # :call-seq:
-  #   http_header(content_type_string="text/html")
-  #   http_header(headers_hash)
-  #
-  # Includes the empty line that ends the header block.
-  #
-  # +content_type_string+::
-  #   If this form is used, this string is the <tt>Content-Type</tt>
-  # +headers_hash+::
-  #   A Hash of header values. The following header keys are recognized:
-  #
-  #   type:: The Content-Type header.  Defaults to "text/html"
-  #   charset:: The charset of the body, appended to the Content-Type header.
-  #   nph:: A boolean value.  If true, prepend protocol string and status
-  #         code, and date; and sets default values for "server" and
-  #         "connection" if not explicitly set.
-  #   status::
-  #     The HTTP status code as a String, returned as the Status header.  The
-  #     values are:
-  #
-  #     OK:: 200 OK
-  #     PARTIAL_CONTENT:: 206 Partial Content
-  #     MULTIPLE_CHOICES:: 300 Multiple Choices
-  #     MOVED:: 301 Moved Permanently
-  #     REDIRECT:: 302 Found
-  #     NOT_MODIFIED:: 304 Not Modified
-  #     BAD_REQUEST:: 400 Bad Request
-  #     AUTH_REQUIRED:: 401 Authorization Required
-  #     FORBIDDEN:: 403 Forbidden
-  #     NOT_FOUND:: 404 Not Found
-  #     METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:: 405 Method Not Allowed
-  #     NOT_ACCEPTABLE:: 406 Not Acceptable
-  #     LENGTH_REQUIRED:: 411 Length Required
-  #     PRECONDITION_FAILED:: 412 Precondition Failed
-  #     SERVER_ERROR:: 500 Internal Server Error
-  #     NOT_IMPLEMENTED:: 501 Method Not Implemented
-  #     BAD_GATEWAY:: 502 Bad Gateway
-  #     VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES:: 506 Variant Also Negotiates
-  #
-  #   server:: The server software, returned as the Server header.
-  #   connection:: The connection type, returned as the Connection header (for
-  #                instance, "close".
-  #   length:: The length of the content that will be sent, returned as the
-  #            Content-Length header.
-  #   language:: The language of the content, returned as the Content-Language
-  #              header.
-  #   expires:: The time on which the current content expires, as a +Time+
-  #             object, returned as the Expires header.
-  #   cookie::
-  #     A cookie or cookies, returned as one or more Set-Cookie headers.  The
-  #     value can be the literal string of the cookie; a CGI::Cookie object;
-  #     an Array of literal cookie strings or Cookie objects; or a hash all of
-  #     whose values are literal cookie strings or Cookie objects.
-  #
-  #     These cookies are in addition to the cookies held in the
-  #     @output_cookies field.
-  #
-  #   Other headers can also be set; they are appended as key: value.
-  #
-  # Examples:
-  #
-  #   http_header
-  #     # Content-Type: text/html
-  #
-  #   http_header("text/plain")
-  #     # Content-Type: text/plain
-  #
-  #   http_header("nph"        => true,
-  #               "status"     => "OK",  # == "200 OK"
-  #                 # "status"     => "200 GOOD",
-  #               "server"     => ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'],
-  #               "connection" => "close",
-  #               "type"       => "text/html",
-  #               "charset"    => "iso-2022-jp",
-  #                 # Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-2022-jp
-  #               "length"     => 103,
-  #               "language"   => "ja",
-  #               "expires"    => Time.now + 30,
-  #               "cookie"     => [cookie1, cookie2],
-  #               "my_header1" => "my_value",
-  #               "my_header2" => "my_value")
-  #
-  # This method does not perform charset conversion.
-  def http_header(options='text/html')
-    if options.is_a?(String)
-      content_type = options
-      buf = _header_for_string(content_type)
-    elsif options.is_a?(Hash)
-      if options.size == 1 && options.has_key?('type')
-        content_type = options['type']
-        buf = _header_for_string(content_type)
-      else
-        buf = _header_for_hash(options.dup)
-      end
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError.new("expected String or Hash but got #{options.class}")
-    end
-    if defined?(MOD_RUBY)
-      _header_for_modruby(buf)
-      return ''
-    else
-      buf << EOL    # empty line of separator
-      return buf
-    end
-  end # http_header()
-
-  # This method is an alias for #http_header, when HTML5 tag maker is inactive.
-  #
-  # NOTE: use #http_header to create HTTP header blocks, this alias is only
-  # provided for backwards compatibility.
-  #
-  # Using #header with the HTML5 tag maker will create a <header> element.
-  alias :header :http_header
-
-  def _no_crlf_check(str)
-    if str
-      str = str.to_s
-      raise "A HTTP status or header field must not include CR and LF" if str =~ /[\r\n]/
-      str
-    else
-      nil
-    end
-  end
-  private :_no_crlf_check
-
-  def _header_for_string(content_type) #:nodoc:
-    buf = ''.dup
-    if nph?()
-      buf << "#{_no_crlf_check($CGI_ENV['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || 'HTTP/1.0'} 200 OK#{EOL}"
-      buf << "Date: #{CGI.rfc1123_date(Time.now)}#{EOL}"
-      buf << "Server: #{_no_crlf_check($CGI_ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'])}#{EOL}"
-      buf << "Connection: close#{EOL}"
-    end
-    buf << "Content-Type: #{_no_crlf_check(content_type)}#{EOL}"
-    if @output_cookies
-      @output_cookies.each {|cookie| buf << "Set-Cookie: #{_no_crlf_check(cookie)}#{EOL}" }
-    end
-    return buf
-  end # _header_for_string
-  private :_header_for_string
-
-  def _header_for_hash(options)  #:nodoc:
-    buf = ''.dup
-    ## add charset to option['type']
-    options['type'] ||= 'text/html'
-    charset = options.delete('charset')
-    options['type'] += "; charset=#{charset}" if charset
-    ## NPH
-    options.delete('nph') if defined?(MOD_RUBY)
-    if options.delete('nph') || nph?()
-      protocol = _no_crlf_check($CGI_ENV['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || 'HTTP/1.0'
-      status = options.delete('status')
-      status = HTTP_STATUS[status] || _no_crlf_check(status) || '200 OK'
-      buf << "#{protocol} #{status}#{EOL}"
-      buf << "Date: #{CGI.rfc1123_date(Time.now)}#{EOL}"
-      options['server'] ||= $CGI_ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] || ''
-      options['connection'] ||= 'close'
-    end
-    ## common headers
-    status = options.delete('status')
-    buf << "Status: #{HTTP_STATUS[status] || _no_crlf_check(status)}#{EOL}" if status
-    server = options.delete('server')
-    buf << "Server: #{_no_crlf_check(server)}#{EOL}" if server
-    connection = options.delete('connection')
-    buf << "Connection: #{_no_crlf_check(connection)}#{EOL}" if connection
-    type = options.delete('type')
-    buf << "Content-Type: #{_no_crlf_check(type)}#{EOL}" #if type
-    length = options.delete('length')
-    buf << "Content-Length: #{_no_crlf_check(length)}#{EOL}" if length
-    language = options.delete('language')
-    buf << "Content-Language: #{_no_crlf_check(language)}#{EOL}" if language
-    expires = options.delete('expires')
-    buf << "Expires: #{CGI.rfc1123_date(expires)}#{EOL}" if expires
-    ## cookie
-    if cookie = options.delete('cookie')
-      case cookie
-      when String, Cookie
-        buf << "Set-Cookie: #{_no_crlf_check(cookie)}#{EOL}"
-      when Array
-        arr = cookie
-        arr.each {|c| buf << "Set-Cookie: #{_no_crlf_check(c)}#{EOL}" }
-      when Hash
-        hash = cookie
-        hash.each_value {|c| buf << "Set-Cookie: #{_no_crlf_check(c)}#{EOL}" }
-      end
-    end
-    if @output_cookies
-      @output_cookies.each {|c| buf << "Set-Cookie: #{_no_crlf_check(c)}#{EOL}" }
-    end
-    ## other headers
-    options.each do |key, value|
-      buf << "#{_no_crlf_check(key)}: #{_no_crlf_check(value)}#{EOL}"
-    end
-    return buf
-  end # _header_for_hash
-  private :_header_for_hash
-
-  def nph?  #:nodoc:
-    return /IIS\/(\d+)/ =~ $CGI_ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] && $1.to_i < 5
-  end
-
-  def _header_for_modruby(buf)  #:nodoc:
-    request = Apache::request
-    buf.scan(/([^:]+): (.+)#{EOL}/o) do |name, value|
-      $stderr.printf("name:%s value:%s\n", name, value) if $DEBUG
-      case name
-      when 'Set-Cookie'
-        request.headers_out.add(name, value)
-      when /^status$/i
-        request.status_line = value
-        request.status = value.to_i
-      when /^content-type$/i
-        request.content_type = value
-      when /^content-encoding$/i
-        request.content_encoding = value
-      when /^location$/i
-        request.status = 302 if request.status == 200
-        request.headers_out[name] = value
-      else
-        request.headers_out[name] = value
-      end
-    end
-    request.send_http_header
-    return ''
-  end
-  private :_header_for_modruby
-
-  # Print an HTTP header and body to $DEFAULT_OUTPUT ($>)
-  #
-  # :call-seq:
-  #   cgi.out(content_type_string='text/html')
-  #   cgi.out(headers_hash)
-  #
-  # +content_type_string+::
-  #   If a string is passed, it is assumed to be the content type.
-  # +headers_hash+::
-  #   This is a Hash of headers, similar to that used by #http_header.
-  # +block+::
-  #   A block is required and should evaluate to the body of the response.
-  #
-  # <tt>Content-Length</tt> is automatically calculated from the size of
-  # the String returned by the content block.
-  #
-  # If <tt>ENV['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "HEAD"</tt>, then only the header
-  # is output (the content block is still required, but it is ignored).
-  #
-  # If the charset is "iso-2022-jp" or "euc-jp" or "shift_jis" then the
-  # content is converted to this charset, and the language is set to "ja".
-  #
-  # Example:
-  #
-  #   cgi = CGI.new
-  #   cgi.out{ "string" }
-  #     # Content-Type: text/html
-  #     # Content-Length: 6
-  #     #
-  #     # string
-  #
-  #   cgi.out("text/plain") { "string" }
-  #     # Content-Type: text/plain
-  #     # Content-Length: 6
-  #     #
-  #     # string
-  #
-  #   cgi.out("nph"        => true,
-  #           "status"     => "OK",  # == "200 OK"
-  #           "server"     => ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'],
-  #           "connection" => "close",
-  #           "type"       => "text/html",
-  #           "charset"    => "iso-2022-jp",
-  #             # Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-2022-jp
-  #           "language"   => "ja",
-  #           "expires"    => Time.now + (3600 * 24 * 30),
-  #           "cookie"     => [cookie1, cookie2],
-  #           "my_header1" => "my_value",
-  #           "my_header2" => "my_value") { "string" }
-  #      # HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-  #      # Date: Sun, 15 May 2011 17:35:54 GMT
-  #      # Server: Apache 2.2.0
-  #      # Connection: close
-  #      # Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-2022-jp
-  #      # Content-Length: 6
-  #      # Content-Language: ja
-  #      # Expires: Tue, 14 Jun 2011 17:35:54 GMT
-  #      # Set-Cookie: foo
-  #      # Set-Cookie: bar
-  #      # my_header1: my_value
-  #      # my_header2: my_value
-  #      #
-  #      # string
-  def out(options = "text/html") # :yield:
-
-    options = { "type" => options } if options.kind_of?(String)
-    content = yield
-    options["length"] = content.bytesize.to_s
-    output = stdoutput
-    output.binmode if defined? output.binmode
-    output.print http_header(options)
-    output.print content unless "HEAD" == env_table['REQUEST_METHOD']
-  end
-
-
-  # Print an argument or list of arguments to the default output stream
-  #
-  #   cgi = CGI.new
-  #   cgi.print    # default:  cgi.print == $DEFAULT_OUTPUT.print
-  def print(*options)
-    stdoutput.print(*options)
-  end
-
-  # Parse an HTTP query string into a hash of key=>value pairs.
-  #
-  #   params = CGI.parse("query_string")
-  #     # {"name1" => ["value1", "value2", ...],
-  #     #  "name2" => ["value1", "value2", ...], ... }
-  #
-  def self.parse(query)
-    params = {}
-    query.split(/[&;]/).each do |pairs|
-      key, value = pairs.split('=',2).collect{|v| CGI.unescape(v) }
-
-      next unless key
-
-      params[key] ||= []
-      params[key].push(value) if value
-    end
-
-    params.default=[].freeze
-    params
-  end
-
-  # Maximum content length of post data
-  ##MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH  = 2 * 1024 * 1024
-
-  # Maximum number of request parameters when multipart
-  MAX_MULTIPART_COUNT = 128
-
-  # Mixin module that provides the following:
-  #
-  # 1. Access to the CGI environment variables as methods.  See
-  #    documentation to the CGI class for a list of these variables.  The
-  #    methods are exposed by removing the leading +HTTP_+ (if it exists) and
-  #    downcasing the name.  For example, +auth_type+ will return the
-  #    environment variable +AUTH_TYPE+, and +accept+ will return the value
-  #    for +HTTP_ACCEPT+.
-  #
-  # 2. Access to cookies, including the cookies attribute.
-  #
-  # 3. Access to parameters, including the params attribute, and overloading
-  #    #[] to perform parameter value lookup by key.
-  #
-  # 4. The initialize_query method, for initializing the above
-  #    mechanisms, handling multipart forms, and allowing the
-  #    class to be used in "offline" mode.
-  #
-  module QueryExtension
-
-    %w[ CONTENT_LENGTH SERVER_PORT ].each do |env|
-      define_method(env.delete_prefix('HTTP_').downcase) do
-        (val = env_table[env]) && Integer(val)
-      end
-    end
-
-    %w[ AUTH_TYPE CONTENT_TYPE GATEWAY_INTERFACE PATH_INFO
-        PATH_TRANSLATED QUERY_STRING REMOTE_ADDR REMOTE_HOST
-        REMOTE_IDENT REMOTE_USER REQUEST_METHOD SCRIPT_NAME
-        SERVER_NAME SERVER_PROTOCOL SERVER_SOFTWARE
-
-        HTTP_ACCEPT HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
-        HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL HTTP_FROM HTTP_HOST
-        HTTP_NEGOTIATE HTTP_PRAGMA HTTP_REFERER HTTP_USER_AGENT ].each do |env|
-      define_method(env.delete_prefix('HTTP_').downcase) do
-        env_table[env]
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Get the raw cookies as a string.
-    def raw_cookie
-      env_table["HTTP_COOKIE"]
-    end
-
-    # Get the raw RFC2965 cookies as a string.
-    def raw_cookie2
-      env_table["HTTP_COOKIE2"]
-    end
-
-    # Get the cookies as a hash of cookie-name=>Cookie pairs.
-    attr_accessor :cookies
-
-    # Get the parameters as a hash of name=>values pairs, where
-    # values is an Array.
-    attr_reader :params
-
-    # Get the uploaded files as a hash of name=>values pairs
-    attr_reader :files
-
-    # Set all the parameters.
-    def params=(hash)
-      @params.clear
-      @params.update(hash)
-    end
-
-    ##
-    # Parses multipart form elements according to
-    #   http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.2
-    #
-    # Returns a hash of multipart form parameters with bodies of type StringIO or
-    # Tempfile depending on whether the multipart form element exceeds 10 KB
-    #
-    #   params[name => body]
-    #
-    def read_multipart(boundary, content_length)
-      ## read first boundary
-      stdin = stdinput
-      first_line = "--#{boundary}#{EOL}"
-      content_length -= first_line.bytesize
-      status = stdin.read(first_line.bytesize)
-      raise EOFError.new("no content body")  unless status
-      raise EOFError.new("bad content body") unless first_line == status
-      ## parse and set params
-      params = {}
-      @files = {}
-      boundary_rexp = /--#{Regexp.quote(boundary)}(#{EOL}|--)/
-      boundary_size = "#{EOL}--#{boundary}#{EOL}".bytesize
-      buf = ''.dup
-      bufsize = 10 * 1024
-      max_count = MAX_MULTIPART_COUNT
-      n = 0
-      tempfiles = []
-      while true
-        (n += 1) < max_count or raise StandardError.new("too many parameters.")
-        ## create body (StringIO or Tempfile)
-        body = create_body(bufsize < content_length)
-        tempfiles << body if defined?(Tempfile) && body.kind_of?(Tempfile)
-        class << body
-          if method_defined?(:path)
-            alias local_path path
-          else
-            def local_path
-              nil
-            end
-          end
-          attr_reader :original_filename, :content_type
-        end
-        ## find head and boundary
-        head = nil
-        separator = EOL * 2
-        until head && matched = boundary_rexp.match(buf)
-          if !head && pos = buf.index(separator)
-            len  = pos + EOL.bytesize
-            head = buf[0, len]
-            buf  = buf[(pos+separator.bytesize)..-1]
-          else
-            if head && buf.size > boundary_size
-              len = buf.size - boundary_size
-              body.print(buf[0, len])
-              buf[0, len] = ''
-            end
-            c = stdin.read(bufsize < content_length ? bufsize : content_length)
-            raise EOFError.new("bad content body") if c.nil? || c.empty?
-            buf << c
-            content_length -= c.bytesize
-          end
-        end
-        ## read to end of boundary
-        m = matched
-        len = m.begin(0)
-        s = buf[0, len]
-        if s =~ /(\r?\n)\z/
-          s = buf[0, len - $1.bytesize]
-        end
-        body.print(s)
-        buf = buf[m.end(0)..-1]
-        boundary_end = m[1]
-        content_length = -1 if boundary_end == '--'
-        ## reset file cursor position
-        body.rewind
-        ## original filename
-        /Content-Disposition:.* filename=(?:"(.*?)"|([^;\r\n]*))/i.match(head)
-        filename = $1 || $2 || ''.dup
-        filename = CGI.unescape(filename) if unescape_filename?()
-        body.instance_variable_set(:@original_filename, filename)
-        ## content type
-        /Content-Type: (.*)/i.match(head)
-        (content_type = $1 || ''.dup).chomp!
-        body.instance_variable_set(:@content_type, content_type)
-        ## query parameter name
-        /Content-Disposition:.* name=(?:"(.*?)"|([^;\r\n]*))/i.match(head)
-        name = $1 || $2 || ''
-        if body.original_filename.empty?
-          value=body.read.dup.force_encoding(@accept_charset)
-          body.close! if defined?(Tempfile) && body.kind_of?(Tempfile)
-          (params[name] ||= []) << value
-          unless value.valid_encoding?
-            if @accept_charset_error_block
-              @accept_charset_error_block.call(name,value)
-            else
-              raise InvalidEncoding,"Accept-Charset encoding error"
-            end
-          end
-          class << params[name].last;self;end.class_eval do
-            define_method(:read){self}
-            define_method(:original_filename){""}
-            define_method(:content_type){""}
-          end
-        else
-          (params[name] ||= []) << body
-          @files[name]=body
-        end
-        ## break loop
-        break if content_length == -1
-      end
-      raise EOFError, "bad boundary end of body part" unless boundary_end =~ /--/
-      params.default = []
-      params
-    rescue Exception
-      if tempfiles
-        tempfiles.each {|t|
-          if t.path
-            t.close!
-          end
-        }
-      end
-      raise
-    end # read_multipart
-    private :read_multipart
-    def create_body(is_large)  #:nodoc:
-      if is_large
-        require 'tempfile'
-        body = Tempfile.new('CGI', encoding: Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
-      else
-        begin
-          require 'stringio'
-          body = StringIO.new("".b)
-        rescue LoadError
-          require 'tempfile'
-          body = Tempfile.new('CGI', encoding: Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
-        end
-      end
-      body.binmode if defined? body.binmode
-      return body
-    end
-    def unescape_filename?  #:nodoc:
-      user_agent = $CGI_ENV['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
-      return false unless user_agent
-      return /Mac/i.match(user_agent) && /Mozilla/i.match(user_agent) && !/MSIE/i.match(user_agent)
-    end
-
-    # offline mode. read name=value pairs on standard input.
-    def read_from_cmdline
-      require "shellwords"
-
-      string = unless ARGV.empty?
-        ARGV.join(' ')
-      else
-        if STDIN.tty?
-          STDERR.print(
-            %|(offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input)\n|
-          )
-        end
-        array = readlines rescue nil
-        if not array.nil?
-            array.join(' ').gsub(/\n/n, '')
-        else
-            ""
-        end
-      end.gsub(/\\=/n, '%3D').gsub(/\\&/n, '%26')
-
-      words = Shellwords.shellwords(string)
-
-      if words.find{|x| /=/n.match(x) }
-        words.join('&')
-      else
-        words.join('+')
-      end
-    end
-    private :read_from_cmdline
-
-    # A wrapper class to use a StringIO object as the body and switch
-    # to a TempFile when the passed threshold is passed.
-    # Initialize the data from the query.
-    #
-    # Handles multipart forms (in particular, forms that involve file uploads).
-    # Reads query parameters in the @params field, and cookies into @cookies.
-    def initialize_query()
-      if ("POST" == env_table['REQUEST_METHOD']) and
-        %r|\Amultipart/form-data.*boundary=\"?([^\";,]+)\"?| =~ env_table['CONTENT_TYPE']
-        current_max_multipart_length = @max_multipart_length.respond_to?(:call) ? @max_multipart_length.call : @max_multipart_length
-        raise StandardError.new("too large multipart data.") if env_table['CONTENT_LENGTH'].to_i > current_max_multipart_length
-        boundary = $1.dup
-        @multipart = true
-        @params = read_multipart(boundary, Integer(env_table['CONTENT_LENGTH']))
-      else
-        @multipart = false
-        @params = CGI.parse(
-                    case env_table['REQUEST_METHOD']
-                    when "GET", "HEAD"
-                      if defined?(MOD_RUBY)
-                        Apache::request.args or ""
-                      else
-                        env_table['QUERY_STRING'] or ""
-                      end
-                    when "POST"
-                      stdinput.binmode if defined? stdinput.binmode
-                      stdinput.read(Integer(env_table['CONTENT_LENGTH'])) or ''
-                    else
-                      read_from_cmdline
-                    end.dup.force_encoding(@accept_charset)
-                  )
-        unless Encoding.find(@accept_charset) == Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
-          @params.each do |key,values|
-            values.each do |value|
-              unless value.valid_encoding?
-                if @accept_charset_error_block
-                  @accept_charset_error_block.call(key,value)
-                else
-                  raise InvalidEncoding,"Accept-Charset encoding error"
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      @cookies = CGI::Cookie.parse((env_table['HTTP_COOKIE'] or env_table['COOKIE']))
-    end
-    private :initialize_query
-
-    # Returns whether the form contained multipart/form-data
-    def multipart?
-      @multipart
-    end
-
-    # Get the value for the parameter with a given key.
-    #
-    # If the parameter has multiple values, only the first will be
-    # retrieved; use #params to get the array of values.
-    def [](key)
-      params = @params[key]
-      return '' unless params
-      value = params[0]
-      if @multipart
-        if value
-          return value
-        elsif defined? StringIO
-          StringIO.new("".b)
-        else
-          Tempfile.new("CGI",encoding: Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
-        end
-      else
-        str = if value then value.dup else "" end
-        str
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Return all query parameter names as an array of String.
-    def keys(*args)
-      @params.keys(*args)
-    end
-
-    # Returns true if a given query string parameter exists.
-    def has_key?(*args)
-      @params.has_key?(*args)
-    end
-    alias key? has_key?
-    alias include? has_key?
-
-  end # QueryExtension
-
-  # Exception raised when there is an invalid encoding detected
-  class InvalidEncoding < Exception; end
-
-  # @@accept_charset is default accept character set.
-  # This default value default is "UTF-8"
-  # If you want to change the default accept character set
-  # when create a new CGI instance, set this:
-  #
-  #   CGI.accept_charset = "EUC-JP"
-  #
-  @@accept_charset="UTF-8" if false # needed for rdoc?
-
-  # Return the accept character set for all new CGI instances.
-  def self.accept_charset
-    @@accept_charset
-  end
-
-  # Set the accept character set for all new CGI instances.
-  def self.accept_charset=(accept_charset)
-    @@accept_charset=accept_charset
-  end
-
-  # Return the accept character set for this CGI instance.
-  attr_reader :accept_charset
-
-  # @@max_multipart_length is the maximum length of multipart data.
-  # The default value is 128 * 1024 * 1024 bytes
-  #
-  # The default can be set to something else in the CGI constructor,
-  # via the :max_multipart_length key in the option hash.
-  #
-  # See CGI.new documentation.
-  #
-  @@max_multipart_length= 128 * 1024 * 1024
-
-  # Create a new CGI instance.
-  #
-  # :call-seq:
-  #   CGI.new(tag_maker) { block }
-  #   CGI.new(options_hash = {}) { block }
-  #
-  #
-  # <tt>tag_maker</tt>::
-  #   This is the same as using the +options_hash+ form with the value <tt>{
-  #   :tag_maker => tag_maker }</tt> Note that it is recommended to use the
-  #   +options_hash+ form, since it also allows you specify the charset you
-  #   will accept.
-  # <tt>options_hash</tt>::
-  #   A Hash that recognizes three options:
-  #
-  #   <tt>:accept_charset</tt>::
-  #     specifies encoding of received query string.  If omitted,
-  #     <tt>@@accept_charset</tt> is used.  If the encoding is not valid, a
-  #     CGI::InvalidEncoding will be raised.
-  #
-  #     Example. Suppose <tt>@@accept_charset</tt> is "UTF-8"
-  #
-  #     when not specified:
-  #
-  #         cgi=CGI.new      # @accept_charset # => "UTF-8"
-  #
-  #     when specified as "EUC-JP":
-  #
-  #         cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset => "EUC-JP") # => "EUC-JP"
-  #
-  #   <tt>:tag_maker</tt>::
-  #     String that specifies which version of the HTML generation methods to
-  #     use.  If not specified, no HTML generation methods will be loaded.
-  #
-  #     The following values are supported:
-  #
-  #     "html3":: HTML 3.x
-  #     "html4":: HTML 4.0
-  #     "html4Tr":: HTML 4.0 Transitional
-  #     "html4Fr":: HTML 4.0 with Framesets
-  #     "html5":: HTML 5
-  #
-  #   <tt>:max_multipart_length</tt>::
-  #     Specifies maximum length of multipart data. Can be an Integer scalar or
-  #     a lambda, that will be evaluated when the request is parsed. This
-  #     allows more complex logic to be set when determining whether to accept
-  #     multipart data (e.g. consult a registered users upload allowance)
-  #
-  #     Default is 128 * 1024 * 1024 bytes
-  #
-  #         cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => 268435456) # simple scalar
-  #
-  #         cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => -> {check_filesystem}) # lambda
-  #
-  # <tt>block</tt>::
-  #   If provided, the block is called when an invalid encoding is
-  #   encountered. For example:
-  #
-  #     encoding_errors={}
-  #     cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset=>"EUC-JP") do |name,value|
-  #       encoding_errors[name] = value
-  #     end
-  #
-  # Finally, if the CGI object is not created in a standard CGI call
-  # environment (that is, it can't locate REQUEST_METHOD in its environment),
-  # then it will run in "offline" mode.  In this mode, it reads its parameters
-  # from the command line or (failing that) from standard input.  Otherwise,
-  # cookies and other parameters are parsed automatically from the standard
-  # CGI locations, which varies according to the REQUEST_METHOD.
-  def initialize(options = {}, &block) # :yields: name, value
-    @accept_charset_error_block = block_given? ? block : nil
-    @options={
-      :accept_charset=>@@accept_charset,
-      :max_multipart_length=>@@max_multipart_length
-    }
-    case options
-    when Hash
-      @options.merge!(options)
-    when String
-      @options[:tag_maker]=options
-    end
-    @accept_charset=@options[:accept_charset]
-    @max_multipart_length=@options[:max_multipart_length]
-    if defined?(MOD_RUBY) && !ENV.key?("GATEWAY_INTERFACE")
-      Apache.request.setup_cgi_env
-    end
-
-    extend QueryExtension
-    @multipart = false
-
-    initialize_query()  # set @params, @cookies
-    @output_cookies = nil
-    @output_hidden = nil
-
-    case @options[:tag_maker]
-    when "html3"
-      require_relative 'html'
-      extend Html3
-      extend HtmlExtension
-    when "html4"
-      require_relative 'html'
-      extend Html4
-      extend HtmlExtension
-    when "html4Tr"
-      require_relative 'html'
-      extend Html4Tr
-      extend HtmlExtension
-    when "html4Fr"
-      require_relative 'html'
-      extend Html4Tr
-      extend Html4Fr
-      extend HtmlExtension
-    when "html5"
-      require_relative 'html'
-      extend Html5
-      extend HtmlExtension
-    end
-  end
-
-end   # class CGI
diff --git a/lib/cgi/escape.rb b/lib/cgi/escape.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..555d24a5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/cgi/escape.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Since Ruby 4.0, \CGI is a small holder for various escaping methods, included from CGI::Escape
+#
+#    require 'cgi/escape'
+#
+#    CGI.escape("Ruby programming language")
+#    #=> "Ruby+programming+language"
+#    CGI.escapeURIComponent("Ruby programming language")
+#    #=> "Ruby%20programming%20language"
+#
+# See CGI::Escape module for methods list and their description.
+class CGI
+  module Escape; end
+  include Escape
+  extend Escape
+  module EscapeExt; end # :nodoc:
+end
+
+# Web-related escape/unescape functionality.
+module CGI::Escape
+  @@accept_charset = Encoding::UTF_8 unless defined?(@@accept_charset)
+
+  # URL-encode a string into application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
+  # Space characters (<tt>" "</tt>) are encoded with plus signs (<tt>"+"</tt>)
+  #   url_encoded_string = CGI.escape("'Stop!' said Fred")
+  #      # => "%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred"
+  def escape(string)
+    encoding = string.encoding
+    buffer = string.b
+    buffer.gsub!(/([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.\-~]+)/) do |m|
+      '%' + m.unpack('H2' * m.bytesize).join('%').upcase
+    end
+    buffer.tr!(' ', '+')
+    buffer.force_encoding(encoding)
+  end
+
+  # URL-decode an application/x-www-form-urlencoded string with encoding(optional).
+  #   string = CGI.unescape("%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred")
+  #      # => "'Stop!' said Fred"
+  def unescape(string, encoding = @@accept_charset)
+    str = string.tr('+', ' ')
+    str = str.b
+    str.gsub!(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/) do |m|
+      [m.delete('%')].pack('H*')
+    end
+    str.force_encoding(encoding)
+    str.valid_encoding? ? str : str.force_encoding(string.encoding)
+  end
+
+  # URL-encode a string following RFC 3986
+  # Space characters (<tt>" "</tt>) are encoded with (<tt>"%20"</tt>)
+  #   url_encoded_string = CGI.escapeURIComponent("'Stop!' said Fred")
+  #      # => "%27Stop%21%27%20said%20Fred"
+  def escapeURIComponent(string)
+    encoding = string.encoding
+    buffer = string.b
+    buffer.gsub!(/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-~]+)/) do |m|
+      '%' + m.unpack('H2' * m.bytesize).join('%').upcase
+    end
+    buffer.force_encoding(encoding)
+  end
+  alias escape_uri_component escapeURIComponent
+
+  # URL-decode a string following RFC 3986 with encoding(optional).
+  #   string = CGI.unescapeURIComponent("%27Stop%21%27+said%20Fred")
+  #      # => "'Stop!'+said Fred"
+  def unescapeURIComponent(string, encoding = @@accept_charset)
+    str = string.b
+    str.gsub!(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/) do |m|
+      [m.delete('%')].pack('H*')
+    end
+    str.force_encoding(encoding)
+    str.valid_encoding? ? str : str.force_encoding(string.encoding)
+  end
+
+  alias unescape_uri_component unescapeURIComponent
+
+  # The set of special characters and their escaped values
+  TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__ = { # :nodoc:
+    "'" => '&#39;',
+    '&' => '&amp;',
+    '"' => '&quot;',
+    '<' => '&lt;',
+    '>' => '&gt;',
+  }
+
+  # \Escape special characters in HTML, namely <tt>'&\"<></tt>
+  #   CGI.escapeHTML('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>')
+  #      # => "Usage: foo &quot;bar&quot; &lt;baz&gt;"
+  def escapeHTML(string)
+    enc = string.encoding
+    unless enc.ascii_compatible?
+      if enc.dummy?
+        origenc = enc
+        enc = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(enc)
+        string = enc ? string.encode(enc) : string.b
+      end
+      table = Hash[TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__.map {|pair|pair.map {|s|s.encode(enc)}}]
+      string = string.gsub(/#{"['&\"<>]".encode(enc)}/, table)
+      string.encode!(origenc) if origenc
+      string
+    else
+      string = string.b
+      string.gsub!(/['&\"<>]/, TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__)
+      string.force_encoding(enc)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Unescape a string that has been HTML-escaped
+  #   CGI.unescapeHTML("Usage: foo &quot;bar&quot; &lt;baz&gt;")
+  #      # => "Usage: foo \"bar\" <baz>"
+  def unescapeHTML(string)
+    enc = string.encoding
+    unless enc.ascii_compatible?
+      if enc.dummy?
+        origenc = enc
+        enc = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(enc)
+        string = enc ? string.encode(enc) : string.b
+      end
+      string = string.gsub(Regexp.new('&(apos|amp|quot|gt|lt|#[0-9]+|#x[0-9A-Fa-f]+);'.encode(enc))) do
+        case $1.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII)
+        when 'apos'                then "'".encode(enc)
+        when 'amp'                 then '&'.encode(enc)
+        when 'quot'                then '"'.encode(enc)
+        when 'gt'                  then '>'.encode(enc)
+        when 'lt'                  then '<'.encode(enc)
+        when /\A#0*(\d+)\z/        then $1.to_i.chr(enc)
+        when /\A#x([0-9a-f]+)\z/i  then $1.hex.chr(enc)
+        end
+      end
+      string.encode!(origenc) if origenc
+      return string
+    end
+    return string unless string.include? '&'
+    charlimit = case enc
+                when Encoding::UTF_8; 0x10ffff
+                when Encoding::ISO_8859_1; 256
+                else 128
+                end
+    string = string.b
+    string.gsub!(/&(apos|amp|quot|gt|lt|\#[0-9]+|\#[xX][0-9A-Fa-f]+);/) do
+      match = $1.dup
+      case match
+      when 'apos'                then "'"
+      when 'amp'                 then '&'
+      when 'quot'                then '"'
+      when 'gt'                  then '>'
+      when 'lt'                  then '<'
+      when /\A#0*(\d+)\z/
+        n = $1.to_i
+        if n < charlimit
+          n.chr(enc)
+        else
+          "&##{$1};"
+        end
+      when /\A#x([0-9a-f]+)\z/i
+        n = $1.hex
+        if n < charlimit
+          n.chr(enc)
+        else
+          "&#x#{$1};"
+        end
+      else
+        "&#{match};"
+      end
+    end
+    string.force_encoding enc
+  end
+
+  alias escape_html escapeHTML
+  alias h escapeHTML
+
+  alias unescape_html unescapeHTML
+
+  # TruffleRuby runs the pure-Ruby variant faster, do not use the C extension there
+  unless RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
+    begin
+      require 'cgi/escape.so'
+    rescue LoadError
+    end
+  end
+
+  # \Escape only the tags of certain HTML elements in +string+.
+  #
+  # Takes an element or elements or array of elements.  Each element
+  # is specified by the name of the element, without angle brackets.
+  # This matches both the start and the end tag of that element.
+  # The attribute list of the open tag will also be escaped (for
+  # instance, the double-quotes surrounding attribute values).
+  #
+  #   print CGI.escapeElement('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>', "A", "IMG")
+  #     # "<BR>&lt;A HREF=&quot;url&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt"
+  #
+  #   print CGI.escapeElement('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>', ["A", "IMG"])
+  #     # "<BR>&lt;A HREF=&quot;url&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt"
+  def escapeElement(string, *elements)
+    elements = elements[0] if elements[0].kind_of?(Array)
+    unless elements.empty?
+      string.gsub(/<\/?(?:#{elements.join("|")})\b[^<>]*+>?/im) do
+        CGI.escapeHTML($&)
+      end
+    else
+      string
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Undo escaping such as that done by CGI.escapeElement
+  #
+  #   print CGI.unescapeElement(
+  #           CGI.escapeHTML('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>'), "A", "IMG")
+  #     # "&lt;BR&gt;<A HREF="url"></A>"
+  #
+  #   print CGI.unescapeElement(
+  #           CGI.escapeHTML('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>'), ["A", "IMG"])
+  #     # "&lt;BR&gt;<A HREF="url"></A>"
+  def unescapeElement(string, *elements)
+    elements = elements[0] if elements[0].kind_of?(Array)
+    unless elements.empty?
+      string.gsub(/&lt;\/?(?:#{elements.join("|")})\b(?>[^&]+|&(?![gl]t;)\w+;)*(?:&gt;)?/im) do
+        unescapeHTML($&)
+      end
+    else
+      string
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias escape_element escapeElement
+
+  alias unescape_element unescapeElement
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/cgi/html.rb b/lib/cgi/html.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1543943320..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/html.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1035 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-class CGI
-  # Base module for HTML-generation mixins.
-  #
-  # Provides methods for code generation for tags following
-  # the various DTD element types.
-  module TagMaker # :nodoc:
-
-    # Generate code for an element with required start and end tags.
-    #
-    #   - -
-    def nn_element(element, attributes = {})
-      s = nOE_element(element, attributes)
-      if block_given?
-        s << yield.to_s
-      end
-      s << "</#{element.upcase}>"
-    end
-
-    def nn_element_def(attributes = {}, &block)
-      nn_element(__callee__, attributes, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Generate code for an empty element.
-    #
-    #   - O EMPTY
-    def nOE_element(element, attributes = {})
-      attributes={attributes=>nil} if attributes.kind_of?(String)
-      s = "<#{element.upcase}".dup
-      attributes.each do|name, value|
-        next unless value
-        s << " "
-        s << CGI.escapeHTML(name.to_s)
-        if value != true
-          s << '="'
-          s << CGI.escapeHTML(value.to_s)
-          s << '"'
-        end
-      end
-      s << ">"
-    end
-
-    def nOE_element_def(attributes = {}, &block)
-      nOE_element(__callee__, attributes, &block)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate code for an element for which the end (and possibly the
-    # start) tag is optional.
-    #
-    #   O O or - O
-    def nO_element(element, attributes = {})
-      s = nOE_element(element, attributes)
-      if block_given?
-        s << yield.to_s
-        s << "</#{element.upcase}>"
-      end
-      s
-    end
-
-    def nO_element_def(attributes = {}, &block)
-      nO_element(__callee__, attributes, &block)
-    end
-
-  end # TagMaker
-
-
-  # Mixin module providing HTML generation methods.
-  #
-  # For example,
-  #   cgi.a("http://www.example.com") { "Example" }
-  #     # => "<A HREF=\"http://www.example.com\">Example</A>"
-  #
-  # Modules Html3, Html4, etc., contain more basic HTML-generation methods
-  # (+#title+, +#h1+, etc.).
-  #
-  # See class CGI for a detailed example.
-  #
-  module HtmlExtension
-
-
-    # Generate an Anchor element as a string.
-    #
-    # +href+ can either be a string, giving the URL
-    # for the HREF attribute, or it can be a hash of
-    # the element's attributes.
-    #
-    # The body of the element is the string returned by the no-argument
-    # block passed in.
-    #
-    #   a("http://www.example.com") { "Example" }
-    #     # => "<A HREF=\"http://www.example.com\">Example</A>"
-    #
-    #   a("HREF" => "http://www.example.com", "TARGET" => "_top") { "Example" }
-    #     # => "<A HREF=\"http://www.example.com\" TARGET=\"_top\">Example</A>"
-    #
-    def a(href = "") # :yield:
-      attributes = if href.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "HREF" => href }
-                   else
-                     href
-                   end
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a Document Base URI element as a String.
-    #
-    # +href+ can either by a string, giving the base URL for the HREF
-    # attribute, or it can be a has of the element's attributes.
-    #
-    # The passed-in no-argument block is ignored.
-    #
-    #   base("http://www.example.com/cgi")
-    #     # => "<BASE HREF=\"http://www.example.com/cgi\">"
-    def base(href = "") # :yield:
-      attributes = if href.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "HREF" => href }
-                   else
-                     href
-                   end
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a BlockQuote element as a string.
-    #
-    # +cite+ can either be a string, give the URI for the source of
-    # the quoted text, or a hash, giving all attributes of the element,
-    # or it can be omitted, in which case the element has no attributes.
-    #
-    # The body is provided by the passed-in no-argument block
-    #
-    #   blockquote("http://www.example.com/quotes/foo.html") { "Foo!" }
-    #     #=> "<BLOCKQUOTE CITE=\"http://www.example.com/quotes/foo.html\">Foo!</BLOCKQUOTE>
-    def blockquote(cite = {})  # :yield:
-      attributes = if cite.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "CITE" => cite }
-                   else
-                     cite
-                   end
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate a Table Caption element as a string.
-    #
-    # +align+ can be a string, giving the alignment of the caption
-    # (one of top, bottom, left, or right).  It can be a hash of
-    # all the attributes of the element.  Or it can be omitted.
-    #
-    # The body of the element is provided by the passed-in no-argument block.
-    #
-    #   caption("left") { "Capital Cities" }
-    #     # => <CAPTION ALIGN=\"left\">Capital Cities</CAPTION>
-    def caption(align = {}) # :yield:
-      attributes = if align.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "ALIGN" => align }
-                   else
-                     align
-                   end
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate a Checkbox Input element as a string.
-    #
-    # The attributes of the element can be specified as three arguments,
-    # +name+, +value+, and +checked+.  +checked+ is a boolean value;
-    # if true, the CHECKED attribute will be included in the element.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   checkbox("name")
-    #     # = checkbox("NAME" => "name")
-    #
-    #   checkbox("name", "value")
-    #     # = checkbox("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value")
-    #
-    #   checkbox("name", "value", true)
-    #     # = checkbox("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value", "CHECKED" => true)
-    def checkbox(name = "", value = nil, checked = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "checkbox", "NAME" => name,
-                       "VALUE" => value, "CHECKED" => checked }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "checkbox"
-                     name
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a sequence of checkbox elements, as a String.
-    #
-    # The checkboxes will all have the same +name+ attribute.
-    # Each checkbox is followed by a label.
-    # There will be one checkbox for each value.  Each value
-    # can be specified as a String, which will be used both
-    # as the value of the VALUE attribute and as the label
-    # for that checkbox.  A single-element array has the
-    # same effect.
-    #
-    # Each value can also be specified as a three-element array.
-    # The first element is the VALUE attribute; the second is the
-    # label; and the third is a boolean specifying whether this
-    # checkbox is CHECKED.
-    #
-    # Each value can also be specified as a two-element
-    # array, by omitting either the value element (defaults
-    # to the same as the label), or the boolean checked element
-    # (defaults to false).
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("name", "foo", "bar", "baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("name", ["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("name", ["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="1">Foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="2">Bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="name" VALUE="Baz">Baz
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                    "VALUES" => ["foo", "bar", "baz"])
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                    "VALUES" => [["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz"])
-    #
-    #   checkbox_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                    "VALUES" => [["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz"])
-    def checkbox_group(name = "", *values)
-      if name.kind_of?(Hash)
-        values = name["VALUES"]
-        name = name["NAME"]
-      end
-      values.collect{|value|
-        if value.kind_of?(String)
-          checkbox(name, value) + value
-        else
-          if value[-1] == true || value[-1] == false
-            checkbox(name, value[0],  value[-1]) +
-            value[-2]
-          else
-            checkbox(name, value[0]) +
-            value[-1]
-          end
-        end
-      }.join
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate an File Upload Input element as a string.
-    #
-    # The attributes of the element can be specified as three arguments,
-    # +name+, +size+, and +maxlength+.  +maxlength+ is the maximum length
-    # of the file's _name_, not of the file's _contents_.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    # See #multipart_form() for forms that include file uploads.
-    #
-    #   file_field("name")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="file" NAME="name" SIZE="20">
-    #
-    #   file_field("name", 40)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="file" NAME="name" SIZE="40">
-    #
-    #   file_field("name", 40, 100)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="file" NAME="name" SIZE="40" MAXLENGTH="100">
-    #
-    #   file_field("NAME" => "name", "SIZE" => 40)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="file" NAME="name" SIZE="40">
-    def file_field(name = "", size = 20, maxlength = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "file", "NAME" => name,
-                       "SIZE" => size.to_s }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "file"
-                     name
-                   end
-      attributes["MAXLENGTH"] = maxlength.to_s if maxlength
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate a Form element as a string.
-    #
-    # +method+ should be either "get" or "post", and defaults to the latter.
-    # +action+ defaults to the current CGI script name.  +enctype+
-    # defaults to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    # See also #multipart_form() for forms that include file uploads.
-    #
-    #   form{ "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="post" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">string</FORM>
-    #
-    #   form("get") { "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="get" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">string</FORM>
-    #
-    #   form("get", "url") { "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="get" ACTION="url" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">string</FORM>
-    #
-    #   form("METHOD" => "post", "ENCTYPE" => "enctype") { "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="post" ENCTYPE="enctype">string</FORM>
-    def form(method = "post", action = script_name, enctype = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-      attributes = if method.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "METHOD" => method, "ACTION" => action,
-                       "ENCTYPE" => enctype }
-                   else
-                     unless method.has_key?("METHOD")
-                       method["METHOD"] = "post"
-                     end
-                     unless method.has_key?("ENCTYPE")
-                       method["ENCTYPE"] = enctype
-                     end
-                     method
-                   end
-      if block_given?
-        body = yield
-      else
-        body = ""
-      end
-      if @output_hidden
-        body << @output_hidden.collect{|k,v|
-          "<INPUT TYPE=\"HIDDEN\" NAME=\"#{k}\" VALUE=\"#{v}\">"
-        }.join
-      end
-      super(attributes){body}
-    end
-
-    # Generate a Hidden Input element as a string.
-    #
-    # The attributes of the element can be specified as two arguments,
-    # +name+ and +value+.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   hidden("name")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="name">
-    #
-    #   hidden("name", "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="name" VALUE="value">
-    #
-    #   hidden("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "reset", "ID" => "foo")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="name" VALUE="value" ID="foo">
-    def hidden(name = "", value = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "hidden", "NAME" => name, "VALUE" => value }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "hidden"
-                     name
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a top-level HTML element as a string.
-    #
-    # The attributes of the element are specified as a hash.  The
-    # pseudo-attribute "PRETTY" can be used to specify that the generated
-    # HTML string should be indented.  "PRETTY" can also be specified as
-    # a string as the sole argument to this method.  The pseudo-attribute
-    # "DOCTYPE", if given, is used as the leading DOCTYPE SGML tag; it
-    # should include the entire text of this tag, including angle brackets.
-    #
-    # The body of the html element is supplied as a block.
-    #
-    #   html{ "string" }
-    #     # <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><HTML>string</HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("LANG" => "ja") { "string" }
-    #     # <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><HTML LANG="ja">string</HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("DOCTYPE" => false) { "string" }
-    #     # <HTML>string</HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("DOCTYPE" => '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">') { "string" }
-    #     # <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"><HTML>string</HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("PRETTY" => "  ") { "<BODY></BODY>" }
-    #     # <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
-    #     # <HTML>
-    #     #   <BODY>
-    #     #   </BODY>
-    #     # </HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("PRETTY" => "\t") { "<BODY></BODY>" }
-    #     # <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
-    #     # <HTML>
-    #     #         <BODY>
-    #     #         </BODY>
-    #     # </HTML>
-    #
-    #   html("PRETTY") { "<BODY></BODY>" }
-    #     # = html("PRETTY" => "  ") { "<BODY></BODY>" }
-    #
-    #   html(if $VERBOSE then "PRETTY" end) { "HTML string" }
-    #
-    def html(attributes = {}) # :yield:
-      if nil == attributes
-        attributes = {}
-      elsif "PRETTY" == attributes
-        attributes = { "PRETTY" => true }
-      end
-      pretty = attributes.delete("PRETTY")
-      pretty = "  " if true == pretty
-      buf = "".dup
-
-      if attributes.has_key?("DOCTYPE")
-        if attributes["DOCTYPE"]
-          buf << attributes.delete("DOCTYPE")
-        else
-          attributes.delete("DOCTYPE")
-        end
-      else
-        buf << doctype
-      end
-
-      buf << super(attributes)
-
-      if pretty
-        CGI.pretty(buf, pretty)
-      else
-        buf
-      end
-
-    end
-
-    # Generate an Image Button Input element as a string.
-    #
-    # +src+ is the URL of the image to use for the button.  +name+
-    # is the input name.  +alt+ is the alternative text for the image.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   image_button("url")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url">
-    #
-    #   image_button("url", "name", "string")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url" NAME="name" ALT="string">
-    #
-    #   image_button("SRC" => "url", "ALT" => "string")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url" ALT="string">
-    def image_button(src = "", name = nil, alt = nil)
-      attributes = if src.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "image", "SRC" => src, "NAME" => name,
-                       "ALT" => alt }
-                   else
-                     src["TYPE"] = "image"
-                     src["SRC"] ||= ""
-                     src
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate an Image element as a string.
-    #
-    # +src+ is the URL of the image.  +alt+ is the alternative text for
-    # the image.  +width+ is the width of the image, and +height+ is
-    # its height.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   img("src", "alt", 100, 50)
-    #     # <IMG SRC="src" ALT="alt" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="50">
-    #
-    #   img("SRC" => "src", "ALT" => "alt", "WIDTH" => 100, "HEIGHT" => 50)
-    #     # <IMG SRC="src" ALT="alt" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="50">
-    def img(src = "", alt = "", width = nil, height = nil)
-      attributes = if src.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "SRC" => src, "ALT" => alt }
-                   else
-                     src
-                   end
-      attributes["WIDTH"] = width.to_s if width
-      attributes["HEIGHT"] = height.to_s if height
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate a Form element with multipart encoding as a String.
-    #
-    # Multipart encoding is used for forms that include file uploads.
-    #
-    # +action+ is the action to perform.  +enctype+ is the encoding
-    # type, which defaults to "multipart/form-data".
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   multipart_form{ "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="post" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">string</FORM>
-    #
-    #   multipart_form("url") { "string" }
-    #     # <FORM METHOD="post" ACTION="url" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">string</FORM>
-    def multipart_form(action = nil, enctype = "multipart/form-data")
-      attributes = if action == nil
-                     { "METHOD" => "post", "ENCTYPE" => enctype }
-                   elsif action.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "METHOD" => "post", "ACTION" => action,
-                       "ENCTYPE" => enctype }
-                   else
-                     unless action.has_key?("METHOD")
-                       action["METHOD"] = "post"
-                     end
-                     unless action.has_key?("ENCTYPE")
-                       action["ENCTYPE"] = enctype
-                     end
-                     action
-                   end
-      if block_given?
-        form(attributes){ yield }
-      else
-        form(attributes)
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    # Generate a Password Input element as a string.
-    #
-    # +name+ is the name of the input field.  +value+ is its default
-    # value.  +size+ is the size of the input field display.  +maxlength+
-    # is the maximum length of the inputted password.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   password_field("name")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" SIZE="40">
-    #
-    #   password_field("name", "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="40">
-    #
-    #   password_field("password", "value", 80, 200)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="80" MAXLENGTH="200">
-    #
-    #   password_field("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value">
-    def password_field(name = "", value = nil, size = 40, maxlength = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "password", "NAME" => name,
-                       "VALUE" => value, "SIZE" => size.to_s }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "password"
-                     name
-                   end
-      attributes["MAXLENGTH"] = maxlength.to_s if maxlength
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a Select element as a string.
-    #
-    # +name+ is the name of the element.  The +values+ are the options that
-    # can be selected from the Select menu.  Each value can be a String or
-    # a one, two, or three-element Array.  If a String or a one-element
-    # Array, this is both the value of that option and the text displayed for
-    # it.  If a three-element Array, the elements are the option value, displayed
-    # text, and a boolean value specifying whether this option starts as selected.
-    # The two-element version omits either the option value (defaults to the same
-    # as the display text) or the boolean selected specifier (defaults to false).
-    #
-    # The attributes and options can also be specified as a hash.  In this
-    # case, options are specified as an array of values as described above,
-    # with the hash key of "VALUES".
-    #
-    #   popup_menu("name", "foo", "bar", "baz")
-    #     # <SELECT NAME="name">
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="foo">foo</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="bar">bar</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="baz">baz</OPTION>
-    #     # </SELECT>
-    #
-    #   popup_menu("name", ["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz")
-    #     # <SELECT NAME="name">
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="foo">foo</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="bar" SELECTED>bar</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="baz">baz</OPTION>
-    #     # </SELECT>
-    #
-    #   popup_menu("name", ["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz")
-    #     # <SELECT NAME="name">
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="1">Foo</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION SELECTED VALUE="2">Bar</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="Baz">Baz</OPTION>
-    #     # </SELECT>
-    #
-    #   popup_menu("NAME" => "name", "SIZE" => 2, "MULTIPLE" => true,
-    #               "VALUES" => [["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz"])
-    #     # <SELECT NAME="name" MULTIPLE SIZE="2">
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="1">Foo</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION SELECTED VALUE="2">Bar</OPTION>
-    #     #   <OPTION VALUE="Baz">Baz</OPTION>
-    #     # </SELECT>
-    def popup_menu(name = "", *values)
-
-      if name.kind_of?(Hash)
-        values   = name["VALUES"]
-        size     = name["SIZE"].to_s if name["SIZE"]
-        multiple = name["MULTIPLE"]
-        name     = name["NAME"]
-      else
-        size = nil
-        multiple = nil
-      end
-
-      select({ "NAME" => name, "SIZE" => size,
-               "MULTIPLE" => multiple }){
-        values.collect{|value|
-          if value.kind_of?(String)
-            option({ "VALUE" => value }){ value }
-          else
-            if value[value.size - 1] == true
-              option({ "VALUE" => value[0], "SELECTED" => true }){
-                value[value.size - 2]
-              }
-            else
-              option({ "VALUE" => value[0] }){
-                value[value.size - 1]
-              }
-            end
-          end
-        }.join
-      }
-
-    end
-
-    # Generates a radio-button Input element.
-    #
-    # +name+ is the name of the input field.  +value+ is the value of
-    # the field if checked.  +checked+ specifies whether the field
-    # starts off checked.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   radio_button("name", "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="value">
-    #
-    #   radio_button("name", "value", true)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="value" CHECKED>
-    #
-    #   radio_button("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value", "ID" => "foo")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="value" ID="foo">
-    def radio_button(name = "", value = nil, checked = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "radio", "NAME" => name,
-                       "VALUE" => value, "CHECKED" => checked }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "radio"
-                     name
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a sequence of radio button Input elements, as a String.
-    #
-    # This works the same as #checkbox_group().  However, it is not valid
-    # to have more than one radiobutton in a group checked.
-    #
-    #   radio_group("name", "foo", "bar", "baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz
-    #
-    #   radio_group("name", ["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz
-    #
-    #   radio_group("name", ["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="1">Foo
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="2">Bar
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="Baz">Baz
-    #
-    #   radio_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                 "VALUES" => ["foo", "bar", "baz"])
-    #
-    #   radio_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                 "VALUES" => [["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz"])
-    #
-    #   radio_group("NAME" => "name",
-    #                 "VALUES" => [["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz"])
-    def radio_group(name = "", *values)
-      if name.kind_of?(Hash)
-        values = name["VALUES"]
-        name = name["NAME"]
-      end
-      values.collect{|value|
-        if value.kind_of?(String)
-          radio_button(name, value) + value
-        else
-          if value[-1] == true || value[-1] == false
-            radio_button(name, value[0],  value[-1]) +
-            value[-2]
-          else
-            radio_button(name, value[0]) +
-            value[-1]
-          end
-        end
-      }.join
-    end
-
-    # Generate a reset button Input element, as a String.
-    #
-    # This resets the values on a form to their initial values.  +value+
-    # is the text displayed on the button. +name+ is the name of this button.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   reset
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="reset">
-    #
-    #   reset("reset")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="reset">
-    #
-    #   reset("VALUE" => "reset", "ID" => "foo")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="reset" ID="foo">
-    def reset(value = nil, name = nil)
-      attributes = if (not value) or value.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "reset", "VALUE" => value, "NAME" => name }
-                   else
-                     value["TYPE"] = "reset"
-                     value
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    alias scrolling_list popup_menu
-
-    # Generate a submit button Input element, as a String.
-    #
-    # +value+ is the text to display on the button.  +name+ is the name
-    # of the input.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   submit
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="submit">
-    #
-    #   submit("ok")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="ok">
-    #
-    #   submit("ok", "button1")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="ok" NAME="button1">
-    #
-    #   submit("VALUE" => "ok", "NAME" => "button1", "ID" => "foo")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="ok" NAME="button1" ID="foo">
-    def submit(value = nil, name = nil)
-      attributes = if (not value) or value.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "submit", "VALUE" => value, "NAME" => name }
-                   else
-                     value["TYPE"] = "submit"
-                     value
-                   end
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a text field Input element, as a String.
-    #
-    # +name+ is the name of the input field.  +value+ is its initial
-    # value.  +size+ is the size of the input area.  +maxlength+
-    # is the maximum length of input accepted.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    #   text_field("name")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" SIZE="40">
-    #
-    #   text_field("name", "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="40">
-    #
-    #   text_field("name", "value", 80)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="80">
-    #
-    #   text_field("name", "value", 80, 200)
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="80" MAXLENGTH="200">
-    #
-    #   text_field("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value")
-    #     # <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" VALUE="value">
-    def text_field(name = "", value = nil, size = 40, maxlength = nil)
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "TYPE" => "text", "NAME" => name, "VALUE" => value,
-                       "SIZE" => size.to_s }
-                   else
-                     name["TYPE"] = "text"
-                     name
-                   end
-      attributes["MAXLENGTH"] = maxlength.to_s if maxlength
-      input(attributes)
-    end
-
-    # Generate a TextArea element, as a String.
-    #
-    # +name+ is the name of the textarea.  +cols+ is the number of
-    # columns and +rows+ is the number of rows in the display.
-    #
-    # Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
-    #
-    # The body is provided by the passed-in no-argument block
-    #
-    #   textarea("name")
-    #      # = textarea("NAME" => "name", "COLS" => 70, "ROWS" => 10)
-    #
-    #   textarea("name", 40, 5)
-    #      # = textarea("NAME" => "name", "COLS" => 40, "ROWS" => 5)
-    def textarea(name = "", cols = 70, rows = 10)  # :yield:
-      attributes = if name.kind_of?(String)
-                     { "NAME" => name, "COLS" => cols.to_s,
-                       "ROWS" => rows.to_s }
-                   else
-                     name
-                   end
-      super(attributes)
-    end
-
-  end # HtmlExtension
-
-
-  # Mixin module for HTML version 3 generation methods.
-  module Html3 # :nodoc:
-    include TagMaker
-
-    # The DOCTYPE declaration for this version of HTML
-    def doctype
-      %|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">|
-    end
-
-    instance_method(:nn_element_def).tap do |m|
-      # - -
-      for element in %w[ A TT I B U STRIKE BIG SMALL SUB SUP EM STRONG
-          DFN CODE SAMP KBD VAR CITE FONT ADDRESS DIV CENTER MAP
-          APPLET PRE XMP LISTING DL OL UL DIR MENU SELECT TABLE TITLE
-          STYLE SCRIPT H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 TEXTAREA FORM BLOCKQUOTE
-          CAPTION ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    instance_method(:nOE_element_def).tap do |m|
-      # - O EMPTY
-      for element in %w[ IMG BASE BASEFONT BR AREA LINK PARAM HR INPUT
-          ISINDEX META ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    instance_method(:nO_element_def).tap do |m|
-      # O O or - O
-      for element in %w[ HTML HEAD BODY P PLAINTEXT DT DD LI OPTION TR
-          TH TD ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # Html3
-
-
-  # Mixin module for HTML version 4 generation methods.
-  module Html4 # :nodoc:
-    include TagMaker
-
-    # The DOCTYPE declaration for this version of HTML
-    def doctype
-      %|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">|
-    end
-
-    # Initialize the HTML generation methods for this version.
-    # - -
-    instance_method(:nn_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ TT I B BIG SMALL EM STRONG DFN CODE SAMP KBD
-        VAR CITE ABBR ACRONYM SUB SUP SPAN BDO ADDRESS DIV MAP OBJECT
-        H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 PRE Q INS DEL DL OL UL LABEL SELECT OPTGROUP
-        FIELDSET LEGEND BUTTON TABLE TITLE STYLE SCRIPT NOSCRIPT
-        TEXTAREA FORM A BLOCKQUOTE CAPTION ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # - O EMPTY
-    instance_method(:nOE_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ IMG BASE BR AREA LINK PARAM HR INPUT COL META ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # O O or - O
-    instance_method(:nO_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ HTML BODY P DT DD LI OPTION THEAD TFOOT TBODY
-          COLGROUP TR TH TD HEAD ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # Html4
-
-
-  # Mixin module for HTML version 4 transitional generation methods.
-  module Html4Tr # :nodoc:
-    include TagMaker
-
-    # The DOCTYPE declaration for this version of HTML
-    def doctype
-      %|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">|
-    end
-
-    # Initialise the HTML generation methods for this version.
-    # - -
-    instance_method(:nn_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ TT I B U S STRIKE BIG SMALL EM STRONG DFN
-          CODE SAMP KBD VAR CITE ABBR ACRONYM FONT SUB SUP SPAN BDO
-          ADDRESS DIV CENTER MAP OBJECT APPLET H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 PRE Q
-          INS DEL DL OL UL DIR MENU LABEL SELECT OPTGROUP FIELDSET
-          LEGEND BUTTON TABLE IFRAME NOFRAMES TITLE STYLE SCRIPT
-          NOSCRIPT TEXTAREA FORM A BLOCKQUOTE CAPTION ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # - O EMPTY
-    instance_method(:nOE_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ IMG BASE BASEFONT BR AREA LINK PARAM HR INPUT
-          COL ISINDEX META ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # O O or - O
-    instance_method(:nO_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ HTML BODY P DT DD LI OPTION THEAD TFOOT TBODY
-          COLGROUP TR TH TD HEAD ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # Html4Tr
-
-
-  # Mixin module for generating HTML version 4 with framesets.
-  module Html4Fr # :nodoc:
-    include TagMaker
-
-    # The DOCTYPE declaration for this version of HTML
-    def doctype
-      %|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">|
-    end
-
-    # Initialise the HTML generation methods for this version.
-    # - -
-    instance_method(:nn_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ FRAMESET ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # - O EMPTY
-    instance_method(:nOE_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ FRAME ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # Html4Fr
-
-
-  # Mixin module for HTML version 5 generation methods.
-  module Html5 # :nodoc:
-    include TagMaker
-
-    # The DOCTYPE declaration for this version of HTML
-    def doctype
-      %|<!DOCTYPE HTML>|
-    end
-
-    # Initialise the HTML generation methods for this version.
-    # - -
-    instance_method(:nn_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ SECTION NAV ARTICLE ASIDE HGROUP HEADER
-        FOOTER FIGURE FIGCAPTION S TIME U MARK RUBY BDI IFRAME
-        VIDEO AUDIO CANVAS DATALIST OUTPUT PROGRESS METER DETAILS
-        SUMMARY MENU DIALOG I B SMALL EM STRONG DFN CODE SAMP KBD
-        VAR CITE ABBR SUB SUP SPAN BDO ADDRESS DIV MAP OBJECT
-        H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 PRE Q INS DEL DL OL UL LABEL SELECT
-        FIELDSET LEGEND BUTTON TABLE TITLE STYLE SCRIPT NOSCRIPT
-        TEXTAREA FORM A BLOCKQUOTE CAPTION ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # - O EMPTY
-    instance_method(:nOE_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ IMG BASE BR AREA LINK PARAM HR INPUT COL META
-        COMMAND EMBED KEYGEN SOURCE TRACK WBR ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # O O or - O
-    instance_method(:nO_element_def).tap do |m|
-      for element in %w[ HTML HEAD BODY P DT DD LI OPTION THEAD TFOOT TBODY
-          OPTGROUP COLGROUP RT RP TR TH TD ]
-        define_method(element.downcase, m)
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # Html5
-
-  class HTML3
-    include Html3
-    include HtmlExtension
-  end
-
-  class HTML4
-    include Html4
-    include HtmlExtension
-  end
-
-  class HTML4Tr
-    include Html4Tr
-    include HtmlExtension
-  end
-
-  class HTML4Fr
-    include Html4Tr
-    include Html4Fr
-    include HtmlExtension
-  end
-
-  class HTML5
-    include Html5
-    include HtmlExtension
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/lib/cgi/session.rb b/lib/cgi/session.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index aab60869bb..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/session.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,562 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-#
-# cgi/session.rb - session support for cgi scripts
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2001  Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto
-# Copyright (C) 2000  Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
-# Copyright (C) 2000  Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
-#
-# Author: Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto
-#
-# Documentation: William Webber (william@williamwebber.com)
-
-require 'cgi'
-require 'tmpdir'
-
-class CGI
-
-  # == Overview
-  #
-  # This file provides the CGI::Session class, which provides session
-  # support for CGI scripts.  A session is a sequence of HTTP requests
-  # and responses linked together and associated with a single client.
-  # Information associated with the session is stored
-  # on the server between requests.  A session id is passed between client
-  # and server with every request and response, transparently
-  # to the user.  This adds state information to the otherwise stateless
-  # HTTP request/response protocol.
-  #
-  # == Lifecycle
-  #
-  # A CGI::Session instance is created from a CGI object.  By default,
-  # this CGI::Session instance will start a new session if none currently
-  # exists, or continue the current session for this client if one does
-  # exist.  The +new_session+ option can be used to either always or
-  # never create a new session.  See #new() for more details.
-  #
-  # #delete() deletes a session from session storage.  It
-  # does not however remove the session id from the client.  If the client
-  # makes another request with the same id, the effect will be to start
-  # a new session with the old session's id.
-  #
-  # == Setting and retrieving session data.
-  #
-  # The Session class associates data with a session as key-value pairs.
-  # This data can be set and retrieved by indexing the Session instance
-  # using '[]', much the same as hashes (although other hash methods
-  # are not supported).
-  #
-  # When session processing has been completed for a request, the
-  # session should be closed using the close() method.  This will
-  # store the session's state to persistent storage.  If you want
-  # to store the session's state to persistent storage without
-  # finishing session processing for this request, call the update()
-  # method.
-  #
-  # == Storing session state
-  #
-  # The caller can specify what form of storage to use for the session's
-  # data with the +database_manager+ option to CGI::Session::new.  The
-  # following storage classes are provided as part of the standard library:
-  #
-  # CGI::Session::FileStore:: stores data as plain text in a flat file.  Only
-  #                           works with String data.  This is the default
-  #                           storage type.
-  # CGI::Session::MemoryStore:: stores data in an in-memory hash.  The data
-  #                             only persists for as long as the current Ruby
-  #                             interpreter instance does.
-  # CGI::Session::PStore:: stores data in Marshalled format.  Provided by
-  #                        cgi/session/pstore.rb.  Supports data of any type,
-  #                        and provides file-locking and transaction support.
-  #
-  # Custom storage types can also be created by defining a class with
-  # the following methods:
-  #
-  #    new(session, options)
-  #    restore  # returns hash of session data.
-  #    update
-  #    close
-  #    delete
-  #
-  # Changing storage type mid-session does not work.  Note in particular
-  # that by default the FileStore and PStore session data files have the
-  # same name.  If your application switches from one to the other without
-  # making sure that filenames will be different
-  # and clients still have old sessions lying around in cookies, then
-  # things will break nastily!
-  #
-  # == Maintaining the session id.
-  #
-  # Most session state is maintained on the server.  However, a session
-  # id must be passed backwards and forwards between client and server
-  # to maintain a reference to this session state.
-  #
-  # The simplest way to do this is via cookies.  The CGI::Session class
-  # provides transparent support for session id communication via cookies
-  # if the client has cookies enabled.
-  #
-  # If the client has cookies disabled, the session id must be included
-  # as a parameter of all requests sent by the client to the server.  The
-  # CGI::Session class in conjunction with the CGI class will transparently
-  # add the session id as a hidden input field to all forms generated
-  # using the CGI#form() HTML generation method.  No built-in support is
-  # provided for other mechanisms, such as URL re-writing.  The caller is
-  # responsible for extracting the session id from the session_id
-  # attribute and manually encoding it in URLs and adding it as a hidden
-  # input to HTML forms created by other mechanisms.  Also, session expiry
-  # is not automatically handled.
-  #
-  # == Examples of use
-  #
-  # === Setting the user's name
-  #
-  #   require 'cgi'
-  #   require 'cgi/session'
-  #   require 'cgi/session/pstore'     # provides CGI::Session::PStore
-  #
-  #   cgi = CGI.new("html4")
-  #
-  #   session = CGI::Session.new(cgi,
-  #       'database_manager' => CGI::Session::PStore,  # use PStore
-  #       'session_key' => '_rb_sess_id',              # custom session key
-  #       'session_expires' => Time.now + 30 * 60,     # 30 minute timeout
-  #       'prefix' => 'pstore_sid_')                   # PStore option
-  #   if cgi.has_key?('user_name') and cgi['user_name'] != ''
-  #       # coerce to String: cgi[] returns the
-  #       # string-like CGI::QueryExtension::Value
-  #       session['user_name'] = cgi['user_name'].to_s
-  #   elsif !session['user_name']
-  #       session['user_name'] = "guest"
-  #   end
-  #   session.close
-  #
-  # === Creating a new session safely
-  #
-  #   require 'cgi'
-  #   require 'cgi/session'
-  #
-  #   cgi = CGI.new("html4")
-  #
-  #   # We make sure to delete an old session if one exists,
-  #   # not just to free resources, but to prevent the session
-  #   # from being maliciously hijacked later on.
-  #   begin
-  #       session = CGI::Session.new(cgi, 'new_session' => false)
-  #       session.delete
-  #   rescue ArgumentError  # if no old session
-  #   end
-  #   session = CGI::Session.new(cgi, 'new_session' => true)
-  #   session.close
-  #
-  class Session
-
-    class NoSession < RuntimeError #:nodoc:
-    end
-
-    # The id of this session.
-    attr_reader :session_id, :new_session
-
-    def Session::callback(dbman)  #:nodoc:
-      Proc.new{
-        dbman[0].close unless dbman.empty?
-      }
-    end
-
-    # Create a new session id.
-    #
-    # The session id is a secure random number by SecureRandom
-    # if possible, otherwise an SHA512 hash based upon the time,
-    # a random number, and a constant string.  This routine is
-    # used internally for automatically generated session ids.
-    def create_new_id
-      require 'securerandom'
-      begin
-        # by OpenSSL, or system provided entropy pool
-        session_id = SecureRandom.hex(16)
-      rescue NotImplementedError
-        # never happens on modern systems
-        require 'digest'
-        d = Digest('SHA512').new
-        now = Time::now
-        d.update(now.to_s)
-        d.update(String(now.usec))
-        d.update(String(rand(0)))
-        d.update(String($$))
-        d.update('foobar')
-        session_id = d.hexdigest[0, 32]
-      end
-      session_id
-    end
-    private :create_new_id
-
-
-    # Create a new file to store the session data.
-    #
-    # This file will be created if it does not exist, or opened if it
-    # does.
-    #
-    # This path is generated under _tmpdir_ from _prefix_, the
-    # digested session id, and _suffix_.
-    #
-    # +option+ is a hash of options for the initializer.  The
-    # following options are recognised:
-    #
-    # tmpdir:: the directory to use for storing the FileStore
-    #          file.  Defaults to Dir::tmpdir (generally "/tmp"
-    #          on Unix systems).
-    # prefix:: the prefix to add to the session id when generating
-    #          the filename for this session's FileStore file.
-    #          Defaults to "cgi_sid_".
-    # suffix:: the prefix to add to the session id when generating
-    #          the filename for this session's FileStore file.
-    #          Defaults to the empty string.
-    def new_store_file(option={}) # :nodoc:
-      dir = option['tmpdir'] || Dir::tmpdir
-      prefix = option['prefix']
-      suffix = option['suffix']
-      require 'digest/md5'
-      md5 = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(session_id)[0,16]
-      path = dir+"/"
-      path << prefix if prefix
-      path << md5
-      path << suffix if suffix
-      if File::exist? path
-        hash = nil
-      elsif new_session
-        hash = {}
-      else
-        raise NoSession, "uninitialized session"
-      end
-      return path, hash
-    end
-
-    # Create a new CGI::Session object for +request+.
-    #
-    # +request+ is an instance of the +CGI+ class (see cgi.rb).
-    # +option+ is a hash of options for initialising this
-    # CGI::Session instance.  The following options are
-    # recognised:
-    #
-    # session_key:: the parameter name used for the session id.
-    #               Defaults to '_session_id'.
-    # session_id:: the session id to use.  If not provided, then
-    #              it is retrieved from the +session_key+ parameter
-    #              of the request, or automatically generated for
-    #              a new session.
-    # new_session:: if true, force creation of a new session.  If not set,
-    #               a new session is only created if none currently
-    #               exists.  If false, a new session is never created,
-    #               and if none currently exists and the +session_id+
-    #               option is not set, an ArgumentError is raised.
-    # database_manager:: the name of the class providing storage facilities
-    #                    for session state persistence.  Built-in support
-    #                    is provided for +FileStore+ (the default),
-    #                    +MemoryStore+, and +PStore+ (from
-    #                    cgi/session/pstore.rb).  See the documentation for
-    #                    these classes for more details.
-    #
-    # The following options are also recognised, but only apply if the
-    # session id is stored in a cookie.
-    #
-    # session_expires:: the time the current session expires, as a
-    #                   +Time+ object.  If not set, the session will terminate
-    #                   when the user's browser is closed.
-    # session_domain:: the hostname domain for which this session is valid.
-    #                  If not set, defaults to the hostname of the server.
-    # session_secure:: if +true+, this session will only work over HTTPS.
-    # session_path:: the path for which this session applies.  Defaults
-    #                to the directory of the CGI script.
-    #
-    # +option+ is also passed on to the session storage class initializer; see
-    # the documentation for each session storage class for the options
-    # they support.
-    #
-    # The retrieved or created session is automatically added to +request+
-    # as a cookie, and also to its +output_hidden+ table, which is used
-    # to add hidden input elements to forms.
-    #
-    # *WARNING* the +output_hidden+
-    # fields are surrounded by a <fieldset> tag in HTML 4 generation, which
-    # is _not_ invisible on many browsers; you may wish to disable the
-    # use of fieldsets with code similar to the following
-    # (see https://blade.ruby-lang.org/ruby-list/37805)
-    #
-    #   cgi = CGI.new("html4")
-    #   class << cgi
-    #       undef_method :fieldset
-    #   end
-    #
-    def initialize(request, option={})
-      @new_session = false
-      session_key = option['session_key'] || '_session_id'
-      session_id = option['session_id']
-      unless session_id
-        if option['new_session']
-          session_id = create_new_id
-          @new_session = true
-        end
-      end
-      unless session_id
-        if request.key?(session_key)
-          session_id = request[session_key]
-          session_id = session_id.read if session_id.respond_to?(:read)
-        end
-        unless session_id
-          session_id, = request.cookies[session_key]
-        end
-        unless session_id
-          unless option.fetch('new_session', true)
-            raise ArgumentError, "session_key `%s' should be supplied"%session_key
-          end
-          session_id = create_new_id
-          @new_session = true
-        end
-      end
-      @session_id = session_id
-      dbman = option['database_manager'] || FileStore
-      begin
-        @dbman = dbman::new(self, option)
-      rescue NoSession
-        unless option.fetch('new_session', true)
-          raise ArgumentError, "invalid session_id `%s'"%session_id
-        end
-        session_id = @session_id = create_new_id unless session_id
-        @new_session=true
-        retry
-      end
-      request.instance_eval do
-        @output_hidden = {session_key => session_id} unless option['no_hidden']
-        @output_cookies =  [
-          Cookie::new("name" => session_key,
-          "value" => session_id,
-          "expires" => option['session_expires'],
-          "domain" => option['session_domain'],
-          "secure" => option['session_secure'],
-          "path" =>
-          if option['session_path']
-            option['session_path']
-          elsif ENV["SCRIPT_NAME"]
-            File::dirname(ENV["SCRIPT_NAME"])
-          else
-          ""
-          end)
-        ] unless option['no_cookies']
-      end
-      @dbprot = [@dbman]
-      ObjectSpace::define_finalizer(self, Session::callback(@dbprot))
-    end
-
-    # Retrieve the session data for key +key+.
-    def [](key)
-      @data ||= @dbman.restore
-      @data[key]
-    end
-
-    # Set the session data for key +key+.
-    def []=(key, val)
-      @write_lock ||= true
-      @data ||= @dbman.restore
-      @data[key] = val
-    end
-
-    # Store session data on the server.  For some session storage types,
-    # this is a no-op.
-    def update
-      @dbman.update
-    end
-
-    # Store session data on the server and close the session storage.
-    # For some session storage types, this is a no-op.
-    def close
-      @dbman.close
-      @dbprot.clear
-    end
-
-    # Delete the session from storage.  Also closes the storage.
-    #
-    # Note that the session's data is _not_ automatically deleted
-    # upon the session expiring.
-    def delete
-      @dbman.delete
-      @dbprot.clear
-    end
-
-    # File-based session storage class.
-    #
-    # Implements session storage as a flat file of 'key=value' values.
-    # This storage type only works directly with String values; the
-    # user is responsible for converting other types to Strings when
-    # storing and from Strings when retrieving.
-    class FileStore
-      # Create a new FileStore instance.
-      #
-      # This constructor is used internally by CGI::Session.  The
-      # user does not generally need to call it directly.
-      #
-      # +session+ is the session for which this instance is being
-      # created.  The session id must only contain alphanumeric
-      # characters; automatically generated session ids observe
-      # this requirement.
-      #
-      # +option+ is a hash of options for the initializer.  The
-      # following options are recognised:
-      #
-      # tmpdir:: the directory to use for storing the FileStore
-      #          file.  Defaults to Dir::tmpdir (generally "/tmp"
-      #          on Unix systems).
-      # prefix:: the prefix to add to the session id when generating
-      #          the filename for this session's FileStore file.
-      #          Defaults to "cgi_sid_".
-      # suffix:: the prefix to add to the session id when generating
-      #          the filename for this session's FileStore file.
-      #          Defaults to the empty string.
-      #
-      # This session's FileStore file will be created if it does
-      # not exist, or opened if it does.
-      def initialize(session, option={})
-        option = {'prefix' => 'cgi_sid_'}.update(option)
-        @path, @hash = session.new_store_file(option)
-      end
-
-      # Restore session state from the session's FileStore file.
-      #
-      # Returns the session state as a hash.
-      def restore
-        unless @hash
-          @hash = {}
-          begin
-            lockf = File.open(@path+".lock", "r")
-            lockf.flock File::LOCK_SH
-            f = File.open(@path, 'r')
-            for line in f
-              line.chomp!
-              k, v = line.split('=',2)
-              @hash[CGI.unescape(k)] = Marshal.restore(CGI.unescape(v))
-            end
-          ensure
-            f&.close
-            lockf&.close
-          end
-        end
-        @hash
-      end
-
-      # Save session state to the session's FileStore file.
-      def update
-        return unless @hash
-        begin
-          lockf = File.open(@path+".lock", File::CREAT|File::RDWR, 0600)
-          lockf.flock File::LOCK_EX
-          f = File.open(@path+".new", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::WRONLY, 0600)
-          for k,v in @hash
-            f.printf "%s=%s\n", CGI.escape(k), CGI.escape(String(Marshal.dump(v)))
-          end
-          f.close
-          File.rename @path+".new", @path
-        ensure
-          f&.close
-          lockf&.close
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Update and close the session's FileStore file.
-      def close
-        update
-      end
-
-      # Close and delete the session's FileStore file.
-      def delete
-        File::unlink @path+".lock" rescue nil
-        File::unlink @path+".new" rescue nil
-        File::unlink @path rescue nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    # In-memory session storage class.
-    #
-    # Implements session storage as a global in-memory hash.  Session
-    # data will only persist for as long as the Ruby interpreter
-    # instance does.
-    class MemoryStore
-      GLOBAL_HASH_TABLE = {} #:nodoc:
-
-      # Create a new MemoryStore instance.
-      #
-      # +session+ is the session this instance is associated with.
-      # +option+ is a list of initialisation options.  None are
-      # currently recognized.
-      def initialize(session, option=nil)
-        @session_id = session.session_id
-        unless GLOBAL_HASH_TABLE.key?(@session_id)
-          unless session.new_session
-            raise CGI::Session::NoSession, "uninitialized session"
-          end
-          GLOBAL_HASH_TABLE[@session_id] = {}
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Restore session state.
-      #
-      # Returns session data as a hash.
-      def restore
-        GLOBAL_HASH_TABLE[@session_id]
-      end
-
-      # Update session state.
-      #
-      # A no-op.
-      def update
-        # don't need to update; hash is shared
-      end
-
-      # Close session storage.
-      #
-      # A no-op.
-      def close
-        # don't need to close
-      end
-
-      # Delete the session state.
-      def delete
-        GLOBAL_HASH_TABLE.delete(@session_id)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Dummy session storage class.
-    #
-    # Implements session storage place holder.  No actual storage
-    # will be done.
-    class NullStore
-      # Create a new NullStore instance.
-      #
-      # +session+ is the session this instance is associated with.
-      # +option+ is a list of initialisation options.  None are
-      # currently recognised.
-      def initialize(session, option=nil)
-      end
-
-      # Restore (empty) session state.
-      def restore
-        {}
-      end
-
-      # Update session state.
-      #
-      # A no-op.
-      def update
-      end
-
-      # Close session storage.
-      #
-      # A no-op.
-      def close
-      end
-
-      # Delete the session state.
-      #
-      # A no-op.
-      def delete
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/cgi/session/pstore.rb b/lib/cgi/session/pstore.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e3d10f075..0000000000
--- a/lib/cgi/session/pstore.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-#
-# cgi/session/pstore.rb - persistent storage of marshalled session data
-#
-# Documentation: William Webber (william@williamwebber.com)
-#
-# == Overview
-#
-# This file provides the CGI::Session::PStore class, which builds
-# persistent of session data on top of the pstore library.  See
-# cgi/session.rb for more details on session storage managers.
-
-require_relative '../session'
-begin
-  require 'pstore'
-rescue LoadError
-end
-
-class CGI
-  class Session
-    # PStore-based session storage class.
-    #
-    # This builds upon the top-level PStore class provided by the
-    # library file pstore.rb.  Session data is marshalled and stored
-    # in a file.  File locking and transaction services are provided.
-    class PStore
-      # Create a new CGI::Session::PStore instance
-      #
-      # This constructor is used internally by CGI::Session.  The
-      # user does not generally need to call it directly.
-      #
-      # +session+ is the session for which this instance is being
-      # created.  The session id must only contain alphanumeric
-      # characters; automatically generated session ids observe
-      # this requirement.
-      #
-      # +option+ is a hash of options for the initializer.  The
-      # following options are recognised:
-      #
-      # tmpdir:: the directory to use for storing the PStore
-      #          file.  Defaults to Dir::tmpdir (generally "/tmp"
-      #          on Unix systems).
-      # prefix:: the prefix to add to the session id when generating
-      #          the filename for this session's PStore file.
-      #          Defaults to the empty string.
-      #
-      # This session's PStore file will be created if it does
-      # not exist, or opened if it does.
-      def initialize(session, option={})
-        option = {'suffix'=>''}.update(option)
-        path, @hash = session.new_store_file(option)
-        @p = ::PStore.new(path)
-        @p.transaction do |p|
-          File.chmod(0600, p.path)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Restore session state from the session's PStore file.
-      #
-      # Returns the session state as a hash.
-      def restore
-        unless @hash
-          @p.transaction do
-            @hash = @p['hash'] || {}
-          end
-        end
-        @hash
-      end
-
-      # Save session state to the session's PStore file.
-      def update
-        @p.transaction do
-          @p['hash'] = @hash
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Update and close the session's PStore file.
-      def close
-        update
-      end
-
-      # Close and delete the session's PStore file.
-      def delete
-        path = @p.path
-        File::unlink path
-      end
-
-    end if defined?(::PStore)
-  end
-end
-# :enddoc:
diff --git a/lib/cgi/util.rb b/lib/cgi/util.rb
index 5f12eae130..50a2e91665 100644
--- a/lib/cgi/util.rb
+++ b/lib/cgi/util.rb
@@ -1,258 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-class CGI
-  module Util; end
-  include Util
-  extend Util
-end
-module CGI::Util
-  @@accept_charset = Encoding::UTF_8 unless defined?(@@accept_charset)
 
-  # URL-encode a string into application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
-  # Space characters (+" "+) are encoded with plus signs (+"+"+)
-  #   url_encoded_string = CGI.escape("'Stop!' said Fred")
-  #      # => "%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred"
-  def escape(string)
-    encoding = string.encoding
-    buffer = string.b
-    buffer.gsub!(/([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.\-~]+)/) do |m|
-      '%' + m.unpack('H2' * m.bytesize).join('%').upcase
-    end
-    buffer.tr!(' ', '+')
-    buffer.force_encoding(encoding)
-  end
-
-  # URL-decode an application/x-www-form-urlencoded string with encoding(optional).
-  #   string = CGI.unescape("%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred")
-  #      # => "'Stop!' said Fred"
-  def unescape(string, encoding = @@accept_charset)
-    str = string.tr('+', ' ')
-    str = str.b
-    str.gsub!(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/) do |m|
-      [m.delete('%')].pack('H*')
-    end
-    str.force_encoding(encoding)
-    str.valid_encoding? ? str : str.force_encoding(string.encoding)
-  end
-
-  # URL-encode a string following RFC 3986
-  # Space characters (+" "+) are encoded with (+"%20"+)
-  #   url_encoded_string = CGI.escapeURIComponent("'Stop!' said Fred")
-  #      # => "%27Stop%21%27%20said%20Fred"
-  def escapeURIComponent(string)
-    encoding = string.encoding
-    buffer = string.b
-    buffer.gsub!(/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-~]+)/) do |m|
-      '%' + m.unpack('H2' * m.bytesize).join('%').upcase
-    end
-    buffer.force_encoding(encoding)
-  end
-  alias escape_uri_component escapeURIComponent
-
-  # URL-decode a string following RFC 3986 with encoding(optional).
-  #   string = CGI.unescapeURIComponent("%27Stop%21%27+said%20Fred")
-  #      # => "'Stop!'+said Fred"
-  def unescapeURIComponent(string, encoding = @@accept_charset)
-    str = string.b
-    str.gsub!(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/) do |m|
-      [m.delete('%')].pack('H*')
-    end
-    str.force_encoding(encoding)
-    str.valid_encoding? ? str : str.force_encoding(string.encoding)
-  end
-
-  alias unescape_uri_component unescapeURIComponent
-
-  # The set of special characters and their escaped values
-  TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__ = {
-    "'" => '&#39;',
-    '&' => '&amp;',
-    '"' => '&quot;',
-    '<' => '&lt;',
-    '>' => '&gt;',
-  }
-
-  # Escape special characters in HTML, namely '&\"<>
-  #   CGI.escapeHTML('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>')
-  #      # => "Usage: foo &quot;bar&quot; &lt;baz&gt;"
-  def escapeHTML(string)
-    enc = string.encoding
-    unless enc.ascii_compatible?
-      if enc.dummy?
-        origenc = enc
-        enc = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(enc)
-        string = enc ? string.encode(enc) : string.b
-      end
-      table = Hash[TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__.map {|pair|pair.map {|s|s.encode(enc)}}]
-      string = string.gsub(/#{"['&\"<>]".encode(enc)}/, table)
-      string.encode!(origenc) if origenc
-      string
-    else
-      string = string.b
-      string.gsub!(/['&\"<>]/, TABLE_FOR_ESCAPE_HTML__)
-      string.force_encoding(enc)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # TruffleRuby runs the pure-Ruby variant faster, do not use the C extension there
-  unless RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
-    begin
-      require 'cgi/escape'
-    rescue LoadError
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Unescape a string that has been HTML-escaped
-  #   CGI.unescapeHTML("Usage: foo &quot;bar&quot; &lt;baz&gt;")
-  #      # => "Usage: foo \"bar\" <baz>"
-  def unescapeHTML(string)
-    enc = string.encoding
-    unless enc.ascii_compatible?
-      if enc.dummy?
-        origenc = enc
-        enc = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(enc)
-        string = enc ? string.encode(enc) : string.b
-      end
-      string = string.gsub(Regexp.new('&(apos|amp|quot|gt|lt|#[0-9]+|#x[0-9A-Fa-f]+);'.encode(enc))) do
-        case $1.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII)
-        when 'apos'                then "'".encode(enc)
-        when 'amp'                 then '&'.encode(enc)
-        when 'quot'                then '"'.encode(enc)
-        when 'gt'                  then '>'.encode(enc)
-        when 'lt'                  then '<'.encode(enc)
-        when /\A#0*(\d+)\z/        then $1.to_i.chr(enc)
-        when /\A#x([0-9a-f]+)\z/i  then $1.hex.chr(enc)
-        end
-      end
-      string.encode!(origenc) if origenc
-      return string
-    end
-    return string unless string.include? '&'
-    charlimit = case enc
-                when Encoding::UTF_8; 0x10ffff
-                when Encoding::ISO_8859_1; 256
-                else 128
-                end
-    string = string.b
-    string.gsub!(/&(apos|amp|quot|gt|lt|\#[0-9]+|\#[xX][0-9A-Fa-f]+);/) do
-      match = $1.dup
-      case match
-      when 'apos'                then "'"
-      when 'amp'                 then '&'
-      when 'quot'                then '"'
-      when 'gt'                  then '>'
-      when 'lt'                  then '<'
-      when /\A#0*(\d+)\z/
-        n = $1.to_i
-        if n < charlimit
-          n.chr(enc)
-        else
-          "&##{$1};"
-        end
-      when /\A#x([0-9a-f]+)\z/i
-        n = $1.hex
-        if n < charlimit
-          n.chr(enc)
-        else
-          "&#x#{$1};"
-        end
-      else
-        "&#{match};"
-      end
-    end
-    string.force_encoding enc
-  end
-
-  # Synonym for CGI.escapeHTML(str)
-  alias escape_html escapeHTML
-
-  # Synonym for CGI.unescapeHTML(str)
-  alias unescape_html unescapeHTML
-
-  # Escape only the tags of certain HTML elements in +string+.
-  #
-  # Takes an element or elements or array of elements.  Each element
-  # is specified by the name of the element, without angle brackets.
-  # This matches both the start and the end tag of that element.
-  # The attribute list of the open tag will also be escaped (for
-  # instance, the double-quotes surrounding attribute values).
-  #
-  #   print CGI.escapeElement('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>', "A", "IMG")
-  #     # "<BR>&lt;A HREF=&quot;url&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt"
-  #
-  #   print CGI.escapeElement('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>', ["A", "IMG"])
-  #     # "<BR>&lt;A HREF=&quot;url&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt"
-  def escapeElement(string, *elements)
-    elements = elements[0] if elements[0].kind_of?(Array)
-    unless elements.empty?
-      string.gsub(/<\/?(?:#{elements.join("|")})\b[^<>]*+>?/im) do
-        CGI.escapeHTML($&)
-      end
-    else
-      string
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Undo escaping such as that done by CGI.escapeElement()
-  #
-  #   print CGI.unescapeElement(
-  #           CGI.escapeHTML('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>'), "A", "IMG")
-  #     # "&lt;BR&gt;<A HREF="url"></A>"
-  #
-  #   print CGI.unescapeElement(
-  #           CGI.escapeHTML('<BR><A HREF="url"></A>'), ["A", "IMG"])
-  #     # "&lt;BR&gt;<A HREF="url"></A>"
-  def unescapeElement(string, *elements)
-    elements = elements[0] if elements[0].kind_of?(Array)
-    unless elements.empty?
-      string.gsub(/&lt;\/?(?:#{elements.join("|")})\b(?>[^&]+|&(?![gl]t;)\w+;)*(?:&gt;)?/im) do
-        unescapeHTML($&)
-      end
-    else
-      string
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Synonym for CGI.escapeElement(str)
-  alias escape_element escapeElement
-
-  # Synonym for CGI.unescapeElement(str)
-  alias unescape_element unescapeElement
-
-  # Format a +Time+ object as a String using the format specified by RFC 1123.
-  #
-  #   CGI.rfc1123_date(Time.now)
-  #     # Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT
-  def rfc1123_date(time)
-    time.getgm.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT")
-  end
-
-  # Prettify (indent) an HTML string.
-  #
-  # +string+ is the HTML string to indent.  +shift+ is the indentation
-  # unit to use; it defaults to two spaces.
-  #
-  #   print CGI.pretty("<HTML><BODY></BODY></HTML>")
-  #     # <HTML>
-  #     #   <BODY>
-  #     #   </BODY>
-  #     # </HTML>
-  #
-  #   print CGI.pretty("<HTML><BODY></BODY></HTML>", "\t")
-  #     # <HTML>
-  #     #         <BODY>
-  #     #         </BODY>
-  #     # </HTML>
-  #
-  def pretty(string, shift = "  ")
-    lines = string.gsub(/(?!\A)<.*?>/m, "\n\\0").gsub(/<.*?>(?!\n)/m, "\\0\n")
-    end_pos = 0
-    while end_pos = lines.index(/^<\/(\w+)/, end_pos)
-      element = $1.dup
-      start_pos = lines.rindex(/^\s*<#{element}/i, end_pos)
-      lines[start_pos ... end_pos] = "__" + lines[start_pos ... end_pos].gsub(/\n(?!\z)/, "\n" + shift) + "__"
-    end
-    lines.gsub(/^((?:#{Regexp::quote(shift)})*)__(?=<\/?\w)/, '\1')
-  end
-
-  alias h escapeHTML
-end
+require "cgi/escape"
+warn <<-WARNING, uplevel: Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.uplevel if $VERBOSE
+CGI::Util is removed from Ruby 4.0. Please use cgi/escape instead for CGI.escape and CGI.unescape features.
+If you are using CGI.parse, please install and use the cgi gem instead.
+WARNING
diff --git a/lib/delegate.rb b/lib/delegate.rb
index 824d02f28b..0ff9797bdb 100644
--- a/lib/delegate.rb
+++ b/lib/delegate.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@
 # Be advised, RDoc will not detect delegated methods.
 #
 class Delegator < BasicObject
-  VERSION = "0.4.0"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "0.6.1"
 
   kernel = ::Kernel.dup
   kernel.class_eval do
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
   end
 
   #
-  # Handles the magic of delegation through \_\_getobj\_\_.
+  # Handles the magic of delegation through +__getobj__+.
   #
   ruby2_keywords def method_missing(m, *args, &block)
     r = true
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
 
   #
   # Checks for a method provided by this the delegate object by forwarding the
-  # call through \_\_getobj\_\_.
+  # call through +__getobj__+.
   #
   def respond_to_missing?(m, include_private)
     r = true
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
     r
   end
 
-  KERNEL_RESPOND_TO = ::Kernel.instance_method(:respond_to?)
+  KERNEL_RESPOND_TO = ::Kernel.instance_method(:respond_to?) # :nodoc:
   private_constant :KERNEL_RESPOND_TO
 
   # Handle BasicObject instances
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
 
   #
   # Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
-  # of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ methods.
+  # of this object's and +__getobj__+ methods.
   #
   def methods(all=true)
     __getobj__.methods(all) | super
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
 
   #
   # Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
-  # of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ public methods.
+  # of this object's and +__getobj__+ public methods.
   #
   def public_methods(all=true)
     __getobj__.public_methods(all) | super
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
 
   #
   # Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
-  # of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ protected methods.
+  # of this object's and +__getobj__+ protected methods.
   #
   def protected_methods(all=true)
     __getobj__.protected_methods(all) | super
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
   end
 
   #
-  # Delegates ! to the \_\_getobj\_\_
+  # Delegates ! to the +__getobj__+
   #
   def !
     !__getobj__
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
   end
 
   #
-  # Serialization support for the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_.
+  # Serialization support for the object returned by +__getobj__+.
   #
   def marshal_dump
     ivars = instance_variables.reject {|var| /\A@delegate_/ =~ var}
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ class Delegator < BasicObject
 
   ##
   # :method: freeze
-  # Freeze both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
+  # Freeze both the object returned by +__getobj__+ and self.
   #
   def freeze
     __getobj__.freeze
@@ -343,13 +344,6 @@ class SimpleDelegator < Delegator
   end
 end
 
-def Delegator.delegating_block(mid) # :nodoc:
-  lambda do |*args, &block|
-    target = self.__getobj__
-    target.__send__(mid, *args, &block)
-  end.ruby2_keywords
-end
-
 #
 # The primary interface to this library.  Use to setup delegation when defining
 # your class.
@@ -398,6 +392,32 @@ def DelegateClass(superclass, &block)
   protected_instance_methods -= ignores
   public_instance_methods = superclass.public_instance_methods
   public_instance_methods -= ignores
+
+  methods_to_define =
+    public_instance_methods.map { |x| [x, false] } +
+    protected_instance_methods.map { |x| [x, true] }
+
+  source = []
+
+  methods_to_define.each do |target_name, is_protected|
+    unless target_name.match?(/\A[_a-zA-Z]\w*[!\?]?\z/)
+      placeholder_name = :__delegate
+    end
+
+    send_source =
+      if is_protected || placeholder_name
+        "__getobj__.__send__(#{target_name.inspect}, ...)"
+      else
+        "__getobj__.#{target_name}(...)"
+      end
+    source << "def #{placeholder_name || target_name}(...); #{send_source}; end"
+
+    if placeholder_name
+      source << "alias_method #{target_name.inspect}, :#{placeholder_name}"
+      source << "remove_method :#{placeholder_name}"
+    end
+  end
+
   klass.module_eval do
     def __getobj__ # :nodoc:
       unless defined?(@delegate_dc_obj)
@@ -406,18 +426,17 @@ def DelegateClass(superclass, &block)
       end
       @delegate_dc_obj
     end
+
     def __setobj__(obj)  # :nodoc:
       __raise__ ::ArgumentError, "cannot delegate to self" if self.equal?(obj)
       @delegate_dc_obj = obj
     end
-    protected_instance_methods.each do |method|
-      define_method(method, Delegator.delegating_block(method))
-      protected method
-    end
-    public_instance_methods.each do |method|
-      define_method(method, Delegator.delegating_block(method))
-    end
+
+    class_eval(source.join(";"), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+    protected(*protected_instance_methods)
   end
+
   klass.define_singleton_method :public_instance_methods do |all=true|
     super(all) | superclass.public_instance_methods
   end
diff --git a/lib/did_you_mean.rb b/lib/did_you_mean.rb
index 74cd176042..640d910389 100644
--- a/lib/did_you_mean.rb
+++ b/lib/did_you_mean.rb
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ require_relative 'did_you_mean/tree_spell_checker'
 #   #    Did you mean?  :foo
 #
 #
-# == Disabling +did_you_mean+
+# == Disabling \DidYouMean
 #
-# Occasionally, you may want to disable the +did_you_mean+ gem for e.g.
+# Occasionally, you may want to disable the \DidYouMean gem for e.g.
 # debugging issues in the error object itself. You can disable it entirely by
 # specifying +--disable-did_you_mean+ option to the +ruby+ command:
 #
diff --git a/lib/erb.gemspec b/lib/erb.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index 94a8fd5c3e..0000000000
--- a/lib/erb.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-begin
-  require_relative 'lib/erb/version'
-rescue LoadError
-  # for Ruby core repository
-  require_relative 'erb/version'
-end
-
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name          = 'erb'
-  spec.version       = ERB.const_get(:VERSION, false)
-  spec.authors       = ['Masatoshi SEKI', 'Takashi Kokubun']
-  spec.email         = ['seki@ruby-lang.org', 'k0kubun@ruby-lang.org']
-
-  spec.summary       = %q{An easy to use but powerful templating system for Ruby.}
-  spec.description   = %q{An easy to use but powerful templating system for Ruby.}
-  spec.homepage      = 'https://github.com/ruby/erb'
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new('>= 2.5.0')
-  spec.licenses      = ['Ruby', 'BSD-2-Clause']
-
-  spec.metadata['homepage_uri'] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata['source_code_uri'] = spec.homepage
-
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
-  spec.bindir        = 'libexec'
-  spec.executables   = ['erb']
-  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
-
-  if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
-    spec.platform = 'java'
-  else
-    spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.7.0'
-    spec.extensions = ['ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb']
-  end
-
-  spec.add_dependency 'cgi', '>= 0.3.3'
-end
diff --git a/lib/erb.rb b/lib/erb.rb
index bdff2deceb..bde90de841 100644
--- a/lib/erb.rb
+++ b/lib/erb.rb
@@ -12,395 +12,963 @@
 #
 # You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
 
-require 'cgi/util'
+# A NOTE ABOUT TERMS:
+#
+# Formerly: The documentation in this file used the term _template_ to refer to an ERB object.
+#
+# Now: The documentation in this file uses the term _template_
+# to refer to the string input to ERB.new.
+#
+# The reason for the change:  When documenting the ERB executable erb,
+# we need a term that refers to its string input;
+# _source_ is not a good idea, because ERB#src means something entirely different;
+# the two different sorts of sources would bring confusion.
+#
+# Therefore we use the term _template_ to refer to:
+#
+# - The string input to ERB.new
+# - The string input to executable erb.
+#
+
 require 'erb/version'
 require 'erb/compiler'
 require 'erb/def_method'
 require 'erb/util'
 
+# :markup: markdown
 #
-# = ERB -- Ruby Templating
+# Class **ERB** (the name stands for **Embedded Ruby**)
+# is an easy-to-use, but also very powerful, [template processor][template processor].
 #
-# == Introduction
+# ## Usage
 #
-# ERB provides an easy to use but powerful templating system for Ruby.  Using
-# ERB, actual Ruby code can be added to any plain text document for the
-# purposes of generating document information details and/or flow control.
+# Before you can use \ERB, you must first require it
+# (examples on this page assume that this has been done):
 #
-# A very simple example is this:
+# ```
+# require 'erb'
+# ```
 #
-#   require 'erb'
+# ## In Brief
 #
-#   x = 42
-#   template = ERB.new <<-EOF
-#     The value of x is: <%= x %>
-#   EOF
-#   puts template.result(binding)
+# Here's how \ERB works:
 #
-# <em>Prints:</em> The value of x is: 42
+# - You can create a *template*: a plain-text string that includes specially formatted *tags*..
+# - You can create an \ERB object to store the template.
+# - You can call instance method ERB#result to get the *result*.
 #
-# More complex examples are given below.
+# \ERB supports tags of three kinds:
 #
+# - [Expression tags][expression tags]:
+#   each begins with `'<%='`, ends with `'%>'`; contains a Ruby expression;
+#   in the result, the value of the expression replaces the entire tag:
 #
-# == Recognized Tags
+#         template = 'The magic word is <%= magic_word %>.'
+#         erb = ERB.new(template)
+#         magic_word = 'xyzzy'
+#         erb.result(binding) # => "The magic word is xyzzy."
 #
-# ERB recognizes certain tags in the provided template and converts them based
-# on the rules below:
+#     The above call to #result passes argument `binding`,
+#     which contains the binding of variable `magic_word` to its string value `'xyzzy'`.
 #
-#   <% Ruby code -- inline with output %>
-#   <%= Ruby expression -- replace with result %>
-#   <%# comment -- ignored -- useful in testing %> (`<% #` doesn't work. Don't use Ruby comments.)
-#   % a line of Ruby code -- treated as <% line %> (optional -- see ERB.new)
-#   %% replaced with % if first thing on a line and % processing is used
-#   <%% or %%> -- replace with <% or %> respectively
+#     The below call to #result need not pass a binding,
+#     because its expression `Date::DAYNAMES` is globally defined.
 #
-# All other text is passed through ERB filtering unchanged.
+#         ERB.new('Today is <%= Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday] %>.').result # => "Today is Monday."
 #
+# - [Execution tags][execution tags]:
+#   each begins with `'<%'`, ends with `'%>'`; contains Ruby code to be executed:
 #
-# == Options
+#          template = '<% File.write("t.txt", "Some stuff.") %>'
+#          ERB.new(template).result
+#          File.read('t.txt') # => "Some stuff."
 #
-# There are several settings you can change when you use ERB:
-# * the nature of the tags that are recognized;
-# * the binding used to resolve local variables in the template.
+# - [Comment tags][comment tags]:
+#   each begins with `'<%#'`, ends with `'%>'`; contains comment text;
+#   in the result, the entire tag is omitted.
 #
-# See the ERB.new and ERB#result methods for more detail.
+#          template = 'Some stuff;<%# Note to self: figure out what the stuff is. %> more stuff.'
+#          ERB.new(template).result # => "Some stuff; more stuff."
 #
-# == Character encodings
+# ## Some Simple Examples
 #
-# ERB (or Ruby code generated by ERB) returns a string in the same
-# character encoding as the input string.  When the input string has
-# a magic comment, however, it returns a string in the encoding specified
-# by the magic comment.
+# Here's a simple example of \ERB in action:
 #
-#   # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-#   require 'erb'
+# ```
+# template = 'The time is <%= Time.now %>.'
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# erb.result
+# # => "The time is 2025-09-09 10:49:26 -0500."
+# ```
 #
-#   template = ERB.new <<EOF
-#   <%#-*- coding: Big5 -*-%>
-#     \_\_ENCODING\_\_ is <%= \_\_ENCODING\_\_ %>.
-#   EOF
-#   puts template.result
+# Details:
 #
-# <em>Prints:</em> \_\_ENCODING\_\_ is Big5.
+# 1. A plain-text string is assigned to variable `template`.
+#    Its embedded [expression tag][expression tags] `'<%= Time.now %>'` includes a Ruby expression, `Time.now`.
+# 2. The string is put into a new \ERB object, and stored in variable `erb`.
+# 4. Method call `erb.result` generates a string that contains the run-time value of `Time.now`,
+#    as computed at the time of the call.
 #
+# The
+# \ERB object may be re-used:
 #
-# == Examples
+# ```
+# erb.result
+# # => "The time is 2025-09-09 10:49:33 -0500."
+# ```
 #
-# === Plain Text
+# Another example:
 #
-# ERB is useful for any generic templating situation.  Note that in this example, we use the
-# convenient "% at start of line" tag, and we quote the template literally with
-# <tt>%q{...}</tt> to avoid trouble with the backslash.
+# ```
+# template = 'The magic word is <%= magic_word %>.'
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# magic_word = 'abracadabra'
+# erb.result(binding)
+# # => "The magic word is abracadabra."
+# ```
 #
-#   require "erb"
+# Details:
 #
-#   # Create template.
-#   template = %q{
-#     From:  James Edward Gray II <james@grayproductions.net>
-#     To:  <%= to %>
-#     Subject:  Addressing Needs
+# 1. As before, a plain-text string is assigned to variable `template`.
+#    Its embedded [expression tag][expression tags] `'<%= magic_word %>'` has a variable *name*, `magic_word`.
+# 2. The string is put into a new \ERB object, and stored in variable `erb`;
+#    note that `magic_word` need not be defined before the \ERB object is created.
+# 3. `magic_word = 'abracadabra'` assigns a value to variable `magic_word`.
+# 4. Method call `erb.result(binding)` generates a string
+#    that contains the *value* of `magic_word`.
 #
-#     <%= to[/\w+/] %>:
+# As before, the \ERB object may be re-used:
 #
-#     Just wanted to send a quick note assuring that your needs are being
-#     addressed.
+# ```
+# magic_word = 'xyzzy'
+# erb.result(binding)
+# # => "The magic word is xyzzy."
+# ```
 #
-#     I want you to know that my team will keep working on the issues,
-#     especially:
+# ## Bindings
 #
-#     <%# ignore numerous minor requests -- focus on priorities %>
-#     % priorities.each do |priority|
-#       * <%= priority %>
-#     % end
+# A call to method #result, which produces the formatted result string,
+# requires a [Binding object][binding object] as its argument.
+#
+# The binding object provides the bindings for expressions in [expression tags][expression tags].
+#
+# There are three ways to provide the required binding:
+#
+# - [Default binding][default binding].
+# - [Local binding][local binding].
+# - [Augmented binding][augmented binding]
+#
+# ### Default Binding
+#
+# When you pass no `binding` argument to method #result,
+# the method uses its default binding: the one returned by method #new_toplevel.
+# This binding has the bindings defined by Ruby itself,
+# which are those for Ruby's constants and variables.
+#
+# That binding is sufficient for an expression tag that refers only to Ruby's constants and variables;
+# these expression tags refer only to Ruby's global constant `RUBY_COPYRIGHT` and global variable `$0`:
 #
-#     Thanks for your patience.
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# The Ruby copyright is <%= RUBY_COPYRIGHT.inspect %>.
+# The current process is <%= $0 %>.
+# TEMPLATE
+# puts ERB.new(template).result
+# The Ruby copyright is "ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2025 Yukihiro Matsumoto".
+# The current process is irb.
+# ```
+#
+# (The current process is `irb` because that's where we're doing these examples!)
+#
+# ### Local Binding
+#
+# The default binding is *not* sufficient for an expression
+# that refers to a a constant or variable that is not defined there:
+#
+# ```
+# Foo = 1 # Defines local constant Foo.
+# foo = 2 # Defines local variable foo.
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# The current value of constant Foo is <%= Foo %>.
+# The current value of variable foo is <%= foo %>.
+# The Ruby copyright is <%= RUBY_COPYRIGHT.inspect %>.
+# The current process is <%= $0 %>.
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# ```
+#
+# This call below raises `NameError` because although `Foo` and `foo` are defined locally,
+# they are not defined in the default binding:
+#
+# ```
+# erb.result # Raises NameError.
+# ```
+#
+# To make the locally-defined constants and variables available,
+# you can call #result with the local binding:
+#
+# ```
+# puts erb.result(binding)
+# The current value of constant Foo is 1.
+# The current value of variable foo is 2.
+# The Ruby copyright is "ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2025 Yukihiro Matsumoto".
+# The current process is irb.
+# ```
+#
+# ### Augmented Binding
+#
+# Another way to make variable bindings (but not constant bindings) available
+# is to use method #result_with_hash(hash);
+# the passed hash has name/value pairs that are to be used to define and assign variables
+# in a copy of the default binding:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# The current value of variable bar is <%= bar %>.
+# The current value of variable baz is <%= baz %>.
+# The Ruby copyright is <%= RUBY_COPYRIGHT.inspect %>.
+# The current process is <%= $0 %>.
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# ```
+#
+# Both of these calls raise `NameError`, because `bar` and `baz`
+# are not defined in either the default binding or the local binding.
+#
+# ```
+# puts erb.result          # Raises NameError.
+# puts erb.result(binding) # Raises NameError.
+# ```
+#
+# This call passes a hash that causes `bar` and `baz` to be defined
+# in a new binding (derived from #new_toplevel):
+#
+# ```
+# hash = {bar: 3, baz: 4}
+# puts erb.result_with_hash(hash)
+# The current value of variable bar is 3.
+# The current value of variable baz is 4.
+# The Ruby copyright is "ruby - Copyright (C) 1993-2025 Yukihiro Matsumoto".
+# The current process is irb.
+# ```
+#
+# ## Tags
+#
+# The examples above use expression tags.
+# These are the tags available in \ERB:
+#
+# - [Expression tag][expression tags]: the tag contains a Ruby expression;
+#   in the result, the entire tag is to be replaced with the run-time value of the expression.
+# - [Execution tag][execution tags]: the tag contains Ruby code;
+#   in the result, the entire tag is to be replaced with the run-time value of the code.
+# - [Comment tag][comment tags]: the tag contains comment code;
+#   in the result, the entire tag is to be omitted.
+#
+# ### Expression Tags
+#
+# You can embed a Ruby expression in a template using an *expression tag*.
+#
+# Its syntax is `<%= _expression_ %>`,
+# where *expression* is any valid Ruby expression.
+#
+# When you call method #result,
+# the method evaluates the expression and replaces the entire expression tag with the expression's value:
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new('Today is <%= Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday] %>.').result
+# # => "Today is Monday."
+# ERB.new('Tomorrow will be <%= Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday + 1] %>.').result
+# # => "Tomorrow will be Tuesday."
+# ERB.new('Yesterday was <%= Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday - 1] %>.').result
+# # => "Yesterday was Sunday."
+# ```
+#
+# Note that whitespace before and after the expression
+# is allowed but not required,
+# and that such whitespace is stripped from the result.
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new('My appointment is on <%=Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday + 2]%>.').result
+# # => "My appointment is on Wednesday."
+# ERB.new('My appointment is on <%=     Date::DAYNAMES[Date.today.wday + 2]    %>.').result
+# # => "My appointment is on Wednesday."
+# ```
+#
+# ### Execution Tags
+#
+# You can embed Ruby executable code in template using an *execution tag*.
+#
+# Its syntax is `<% _code_ %>`,
+# where *code* is any valid Ruby code.
+#
+# When you call method #result,
+# the method executes the code and removes the entire execution tag
+# (generating no text in the result):
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new('foo <% Dir.chdir("C:/") %> bar').result # => "foo  bar"
+# ```
+#
+# Whitespace before and after the embedded code is optional:
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new('foo <%Dir.chdir("C:/")%> bar').result   # => "foo  bar"
+# ```
+#
+# You can interleave text with execution tags to form a control structure
+# such as a conditional, a loop, or a `case` statements.
+#
+# Conditional:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% if verbosity %>
+# An error has occurred.
+# <% else %>
+# Oops!
+# <% end %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# verbosity = true
+# erb.result(binding)
+# # => "\nAn error has occurred.\n\n"
+# verbosity = false
+# erb.result(binding)
+# # => "\nOops!\n\n"
+# ```
+#
+# Note that the interleaved text may itself contain expression tags:
+#
+# Loop:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% Date::ABBR_DAYNAMES.each do |dayname| %>
+# <%= dayname %>
+# <% end %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ERB.new(template).result
+# # => "\nSun\n\nMon\n\nTue\n\nWed\n\nThu\n\nFri\n\nSat\n\n"
+# ```
+#
+# Other, non-control, lines of Ruby code may be interleaved with the text,
+# and the Ruby code may itself contain regular Ruby comments:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% 3.times do %>
+# <%= Time.now %>
+# <% sleep(1) # Let's make the times different. %>
+# <% end %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ERB.new(template).result
+# # => "\n2025-09-09 11:36:02 -0500\n\n\n2025-09-09 11:36:03 -0500\n\n\n2025-09-09 11:36:04 -0500\n\n\n"
+# ```
+#
+# The execution tag may also contain multiple lines of code:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <%
+#   (0..2).each do |i|
+#     (0..2).each do |j|
+# %>
+# * <%=i%>,<%=j%>
+# <%
+#     end
+#   end
+# %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ERB.new(template).result
+# # => "\n* 0,0\n\n* 0,1\n\n* 0,2\n\n* 1,0\n\n* 1,1\n\n* 1,2\n\n* 2,0\n\n* 2,1\n\n* 2,2\n\n"
+# ```
+#
+# #### Shorthand Format for Execution Tags
+#
+# You can use keyword argument `trim_mode: '%'` to enable a shorthand format for execution tags;
+# this example uses the shorthand format `% _code_` instead of `<% _code_ %>`:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# % priorities.each do |priority|
+#   * <%= priority %>
+# % end
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template, trim_mode: '%')
+# priorities = [ 'Run Ruby Quiz',
+#                'Document Modules',
+#                'Answer Questions on Ruby Talk' ]
+# puts erb.result(binding)
+#   * Run Ruby Quiz
+#   * Document Modules
+#   * Answer Questions on Ruby Talk
+# ```
+#
+# Note that in the shorthand format, the character `'%'` must be the first character in the code line
+# (no leading whitespace).
+#
+# #### Suppressing Unwanted Blank Lines
+#
+# With keyword argument `trim_mode` not given,
+# all blank lines go into the result:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% if true %>
+# <%= RUBY_VERSION %>
+# <% end %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ERB.new(template).result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect }
+# "\n"
+# "3.4.5\n"
+# "\n"
+# ```
+#
+# You can give `trim_mode: '-'`, you can suppress each blank line
+# whose source line ends with `-%>` (instead of `%>`):
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% if true -%>
+# <%= RUBY_VERSION %>
+# <% end -%>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ERB.new(template, trim_mode: '-').result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect }
+# "3.4.5\n"
+# ```
+#
+# It is an error to use the trailing `'-%>'` notation without `trim_mode: '-'`:
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new(template).result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect } # Raises SyntaxError.
+# ```
+#
+# #### Suppressing Unwanted Newlines
+#
+# Consider this template:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <% RUBY_VERSION %>
+# <%= RUBY_VERSION %>
+# foo <% RUBY_VERSION %>
+# foo <%= RUBY_VERSION %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ```
+#
+# With keyword argument `trim_mode` not given, all newlines go into the result:
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new(template).result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect }
+# "\n"
+# "3.4.5\n"
+# "foo \n"
+# "foo 3.4.5\n"
+# ```
+#
+# You can give `trim_mode: '>'` to suppress the trailing newline
+# for each line that ends with `'%>'` (regardless of its beginning):
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new(template, trim_mode: '>').result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect }
+# "3.4.5foo foo 3.4.5"
+# ```
+#
+# You can give `trim_mode: '<>'` to suppress the trailing newline
+# for each line that both begins with `'<%'` and ends with `'%>'`:
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new(template, trim_mode: '<>').result.lines.each {|line| puts line.inspect }
+# "3.4.5foo \n"
+# "foo 3.4.5\n"
+# ```
+#
+# #### Combining Trim Modes
+#
+# You can combine certain trim modes:
+#
+# - `'%-'`: Enable shorthand and omit each blank line ending with `'-%>'`.
+# - `'%>'`: Enable shorthand and omit newline for each line ending with `'%>'`.
+# - `'%<>'`: Enable shorthand and omit newline for each line starting with `'<%'` and ending with `'%>'`.
+#
+# ### Comment Tags
+#
+# You can embed a comment in a template using a *comment tag*;
+# its syntax is `<%# _text_ %>`,
+# where *text* is the text of the comment.
+#
+# When you call method #result,
+# it removes the entire comment tag
+# (generating no text in the result).
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# ```
+# template = 'Some stuff;<%# Note to self: figure out what the stuff is. %> more stuff.'
+# ERB.new(template).result # => "Some stuff; more stuff."
+# ```
+#
+# A comment tag may appear anywhere in the template.
+#
+# Note that the beginning of the tag must be `'<%#'`, not `'<% #'`.
+#
+# In this example, the tag begins with `'<% #'`, and so is an execution tag, not a comment tag;
+# the cited code consists entirely of a Ruby-style comment (which is of course ignored):
+#
+# ```
+# ERB.new('Some stuff;<% # Note to self: figure out what the stuff is. %> more stuff.').result
+# # => "Some stuff;"
+# ```
+#
+# ## Encodings
+#
+# An \ERB object has an [encoding][encoding],
+# which is by default the encoding of the template string;
+# the result string will also have that encoding.
 #
-#     James Edward Gray II
-#   }.gsub(/^  /, '')
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <%# Comment. %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# template.encoding   # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+# erb.encoding        # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+# erb.result.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+# ```
 #
-#   message = ERB.new(template, trim_mode: "%<>")
+# You can specify a different encoding by adding a [magic comment][magic comments]
+# at the top of the given template:
 #
-#   # Set up template data.
-#   to = "Community Spokesman <spokesman@ruby_community.org>"
-#   priorities = [ "Run Ruby Quiz",
-#                  "Document Modules",
-#                  "Answer Questions on Ruby Talk" ]
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <%#-*- coding: Big5 -*-%>
+# <%# Comment. %>
+# TEMPLATE
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# template.encoding   # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+# erb.encoding        # => #<Encoding:Big5>
+# erb.result.encoding # => #<Encoding:Big5>
+# ```
 #
-#   # Produce result.
-#   email = message.result
-#   puts email
+# ## Error Reporting
 #
-# <i>Generates:</i>
+# Consider this template (containing an error):
 #
-#   From:  James Edward Gray II <james@grayproductions.net>
-#   To:  Community Spokesman <spokesman@ruby_community.org>
-#   Subject:  Addressing Needs
+# ```
+# template = '<%= nosuch %>'
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# ```
 #
-#   Community:
+# When \ERB reports an error,
+# it includes a file name (if available) and a line number;
+# the file name comes from method #filename, the line number from method #lineno.
 #
-#   Just wanted to send a quick note assuring that your needs are being addressed.
+# Initially, those values are `nil` and `0`, respectively;
+# these initial values are reported as `'(erb)'` and `1`, respectively:
 #
-#   I want you to know that my team will keep working on the issues, especially:
+# ```
+# erb.filename # => nil
+# erb.lineno   # => 0
+# erb.result
+# (erb):1:in '<main>': undefined local variable or method 'nosuch' for main (NameError)
+# ```
 #
-#       * Run Ruby Quiz
-#       * Document Modules
-#       * Answer Questions on Ruby Talk
+# You can use methods #filename= and #lineno= to assign values
+# that are more meaningful in your context:
 #
-#   Thanks for your patience.
+# ```
+# erb.filename = 't.txt'
+# erb.lineno = 555
+# erb.result
+# t.txt:556:in '<main>': undefined local variable or method 'nosuch' for main (NameError)
+# ```
 #
-#   James Edward Gray II
+# You can use method #location= to set both values:
 #
-# === Ruby in HTML
+# ```
+# erb.location = ['u.txt', 999]
+# erb.result
+# u.txt:1000:in '<main>': undefined local variable or method 'nosuch' for main (NameError)
+# ```
 #
-# ERB is often used in <tt>.rhtml</tt> files (HTML with embedded Ruby).  Notice the need in
-# this example to provide a special binding when the template is run, so that the instance
-# variables in the Product object can be resolved.
+# ## Plain Text with Embedded Ruby
 #
-#   require "erb"
+# Here's a plain-text template;
+# it uses the literal notation `'%q{ ... }'` to define the template
+# (see [%q literals][%q literals]);
+# this avoids problems with backslashes.
 #
-#   # Build template data class.
-#   class Product
-#     def initialize( code, name, desc, cost )
-#       @code = code
-#       @name = name
-#       @desc = desc
-#       @cost = cost
+# ```
+# template = %q{
+# From:  James Edward Gray II <james@grayproductions.net>
+# To:  <%= to %>
+# Subject:  Addressing Needs
 #
-#       @features = [ ]
-#     end
+# <%= to[/\w+/] %>:
 #
-#     def add_feature( feature )
-#       @features << feature
-#     end
+# Just wanted to send a quick note assuring that your needs are being
+# addressed.
 #
-#     # Support templating of member data.
-#     def get_binding
-#       binding
-#     end
+# I want you to know that my team will keep working on the issues,
+# especially:
 #
-#     # ...
-#   end
+# <%# ignore numerous minor requests -- focus on priorities %>
+# % priorities.each do |priority|
+#   * <%= priority %>
+# % end
+#
+# Thanks for your patience.
 #
-#   # Create template.
-#   template = %{
-#     <html>
-#       <head><title>Ruby Toys -- <%= @name %></title></head>
-#       <body>
+# James Edward Gray II
+# }
+# ```
 #
-#         <h1><%= @name %> (<%= @code %>)</h1>
-#         <p><%= @desc %></p>
+# The template will need these:
 #
-#         <ul>
-#           <% @features.each do |f| %>
-#             <li><b><%= f %></b></li>
-#           <% end %>
-#         </ul>
+# ```
+# to = 'Community Spokesman <spokesman@ruby_community.org>'
+# priorities = [ 'Run Ruby Quiz',
+#                'Document Modules',
+#                'Answer Questions on Ruby Talk' ]
+# ```
 #
-#         <p>
-#           <% if @cost < 10 %>
-#             <b>Only <%= @cost %>!!!</b>
-#           <% else %>
-#              Call for a price, today!
-#           <% end %>
-#         </p>
+# Finally, create the \ERB object and get the result
 #
-#       </body>
-#     </html>
-#   }.gsub(/^  /, '')
+# ```
+# erb = ERB.new(template, trim_mode: '%<>')
+# puts erb.result(binding)
 #
-#   rhtml = ERB.new(template)
+# From:  James Edward Gray II <james@grayproductions.net>
+# To:  Community Spokesman <spokesman@ruby_community.org>
+# Subject:  Addressing Needs
 #
-#   # Set up template data.
-#   toy = Product.new( "TZ-1002",
-#                      "Rubysapien",
-#                      "Geek's Best Friend!  Responds to Ruby commands...",
-#                      999.95 )
-#   toy.add_feature("Listens for verbal commands in the Ruby language!")
-#   toy.add_feature("Ignores Perl, Java, and all C variants.")
-#   toy.add_feature("Karate-Chop Action!!!")
-#   toy.add_feature("Matz signature on left leg.")
-#   toy.add_feature("Gem studded eyes... Rubies, of course!")
+# Community:
 #
-#   # Produce result.
-#   rhtml.run(toy.get_binding)
+# Just wanted to send a quick note assuring that your needs are being
+# addressed.
 #
-# <i>Generates (some blank lines removed):</i>
+# I want you to know that my team will keep working on the issues,
+# especially:
 #
-#    <html>
-#      <head><title>Ruby Toys -- Rubysapien</title></head>
-#      <body>
+# * Run Ruby Quiz
+# * Document Modules
+# * Answer Questions on Ruby Talk
 #
-#        <h1>Rubysapien (TZ-1002)</h1>
-#        <p>Geek's Best Friend!  Responds to Ruby commands...</p>
+# Thanks for your patience.
 #
-#        <ul>
-#            <li><b>Listens for verbal commands in the Ruby language!</b></li>
-#            <li><b>Ignores Perl, Java, and all C variants.</b></li>
-#            <li><b>Karate-Chop Action!!!</b></li>
-#            <li><b>Matz signature on left leg.</b></li>
-#            <li><b>Gem studded eyes... Rubies, of course!</b></li>
-#        </ul>
+# James Edward Gray II
+# ```
 #
-#        <p>
-#             Call for a price, today!
-#        </p>
+# ## HTML with Embedded Ruby
 #
-#      </body>
-#    </html>
+# This example shows an HTML template.
 #
+# First, here's a custom class, `Product`:
 #
-# == Notes
+# ```
+# class Product
+#   def initialize(code, name, desc, cost)
+#     @code = code
+#     @name = name
+#     @desc = desc
+#     @cost = cost
+#     @features = []
+#   end
 #
-# There are a variety of templating solutions available in various Ruby projects.
-# For example, RDoc, distributed with Ruby, uses its own template engine, which
-# can be reused elsewhere.
+#   def add_feature(feature)
+#     @features << feature
+#   end
 #
-# Other popular engines could be found in the corresponding
-# {Category}[https://www.ruby-toolbox.com/categories/template_engines] of
-# The Ruby Toolbox.
+#   # Support templating of member data.
+#   def get_binding
+#     binding
+#   end
+#
+# end
+# ```
+#
+# The template below will need these values:
+#
+# ```
+# toy = Product.new('TZ-1002',
+#                   'Rubysapien',
+#                   "Geek's Best Friend!  Responds to Ruby commands...",
+#                   999.95
+#                   )
+# toy.add_feature('Listens for verbal commands in the Ruby language!')
+# toy.add_feature('Ignores Perl, Java, and all C variants.')
+# toy.add_feature('Karate-Chop Action!!!')
+# toy.add_feature('Matz signature on left leg.')
+# toy.add_feature('Gem studded eyes... Rubies, of course!')
+# ```
+#
+# Here's the HTML:
+#
+# ```
+# template = <<TEMPLATE
+# <html>
+#   <head><title>Ruby Toys -- <%= @name %></title></head>
+#   <body>
+#     <h1><%= @name %> (<%= @code %>)</h1>
+#     <p><%= @desc %></p>
+#     <ul>
+#       <% @features.each do |f| %>
+#         <li><b><%= f %></b></li>
+#       <% end %>
+#     </ul>
+#     <p>
+#       <% if @cost < 10 %>
+#         <b>Only <%= @cost %>!!!</b>
+#       <% else %>
+#          Call for a price, today!
+#       <% end %>
+#     </p>
+#   </body>
+# </html>
+# TEMPLATE
+# ```
+#
+# Finally, create the \ERB object and get the result (omitting some blank lines):
+#
+# ```
+# erb = ERB.new(template)
+# puts erb.result(toy.get_binding)
+# <html>
+#   <head><title>Ruby Toys -- Rubysapien</title></head>
+#   <body>
+#     <h1>Rubysapien (TZ-1002)</h1>
+#     <p>Geek's Best Friend!  Responds to Ruby commands...</p>
+#     <ul>
+#         <li><b>Listens for verbal commands in the Ruby language!</b></li>
+#         <li><b>Ignores Perl, Java, and all C variants.</b></li>
+#         <li><b>Karate-Chop Action!!!</b></li>
+#         <li><b>Matz signature on left leg.</b></li>
+#         <li><b>Gem studded eyes... Rubies, of course!</b></li>
+#     </ul>
+#     <p>
+#          Call for a price, today!
+#     </p>
+#   </body>
+# </html>
+# ```
+#
+#
+# ## Other Template Processors
+#
+# Various Ruby projects have their own template processors.
+# The Ruby Processing System [RDoc][rdoc], for example, has one that can be used elsewhere.
+#
+# Other popular template processors may found in the [Template Engines][template engines] page
+# of the Ruby Toolbox.
+#
+# [%q literals]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-25q-3A+Non-Interpolable+String+Literals
+# [augmented binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Augmented+Binding
+# [binding object]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Binding.html
+# [comment tags]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Comment+Tags
+# [default binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Default+Binding
+# [encoding]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Encoding.html
+# [execution tags]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Execution+Tags
+# [expression tags]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Expression+Tags
+# [kernel#binding]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Kernel.html#method-i-binding
+# [local binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Local+Binding
+# [magic comments]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/comments_rdoc.html#label-Magic+Comments
+# [rdoc]: https://ruby.github.io/rdoc
+# [sprintf]: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Kernel.html#method-i-sprintf
+# [template engines]: https://www.ruby-toolbox.com/categories/template_engines
+# [template processor]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_processor
 #
 class ERB
-  Revision = '$Date::                           $' # :nodoc: #'
-  deprecate_constant :Revision
-
-  # Returns revision information for the erb.rb module.
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   self.version -> string
+  #
+  # Returns the string \ERB version.
   def self.version
     VERSION
   end
 
+  # :markup: markdown
   #
-  # Constructs a new ERB object with the template specified in _str_.
-  #
-  # An ERB object works by building a chunk of Ruby code that will output
-  # the completed template when run.
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   ERB.new(template, trim_mode: nil, eoutvar: '_erbout')
   #
-  # If _trim_mode_ is passed a String containing one or more of the following
-  # modifiers, ERB will adjust its code generation as listed:
+  # Returns a new \ERB object containing the given string +template+.
   #
-  #     %  enables Ruby code processing for lines beginning with %
-  #     <> omit newline for lines starting with <% and ending in %>
-  #     >  omit newline for lines ending in %>
-  #     -  omit blank lines ending in -%>
+  # For details about `template`, its embedded tags, and generated results, see ERB.
   #
-  # _eoutvar_ can be used to set the name of the variable ERB will build up
-  # its output in.  This is useful when you need to run multiple ERB
-  # templates through the same binding and/or when you want to control where
-  # output ends up.  Pass the name of the variable to be used inside a String.
+  # **Keyword Argument `trim_mode`**
   #
-  # === Example
+  # You can use keyword argument `trim_mode: '%'`
+  # to enable the [shorthand format][shorthand format] for execution tags.
   #
-  #  require "erb"
+  # This value allows [blank line control][blank line control]:
   #
-  #  # build data class
-  #  class Listings
-  #    PRODUCT = { :name => "Chicken Fried Steak",
-  #                :desc => "A well messaged pattie, breaded and fried.",
-  #                :cost => 9.95 }
+  # - `'-'`: Omit each blank line ending with `'%>'`.
   #
-  #    attr_reader :product, :price
+  # Other values allow [newline control][newline control]:
   #
-  #    def initialize( product = "", price = "" )
-  #      @product = product
-  #      @price = price
-  #    end
+  # - `'>'`: Omit newline for each line ending with `'%>'`.
+  # - `'<>'`: Omit newline for each line starting with `'<%'` and ending with `'%>'`.
   #
-  #    def build
-  #      b = binding
-  #      # create and run templates, filling member data variables
-  #      ERB.new(<<~'END_PRODUCT', trim_mode: "", eoutvar: "@product").result b
-  #        <%= PRODUCT[:name] %>
-  #        <%= PRODUCT[:desc] %>
-  #      END_PRODUCT
-  #      ERB.new(<<~'END_PRICE', trim_mode: "", eoutvar: "@price").result b
-  #        <%= PRODUCT[:name] %> -- <%= PRODUCT[:cost] %>
-  #        <%= PRODUCT[:desc] %>
-  #      END_PRICE
-  #    end
-  #  end
+  # You can also [combine trim modes][combine trim modes].
   #
-  #  # setup template data
-  #  listings = Listings.new
-  #  listings.build
+  # **Keyword Argument `eoutvar`**
   #
-  #  puts listings.product + "\n" + listings.price
+  # The string value of keyword argument `eoutvar` specifies the name of the variable
+  # that method #result uses to construct its result string;
+  # see #src.
   #
-  # _Generates_
+  # This is useful when you need to run multiple \ERB templates through the same binding
+  # and/or when you want to control where output ends up.
   #
-  #  Chicken Fried Steak
-  #  A well massaged pattie, breaded and fried.
+  # It's good practice to choose a variable name that begins with an underscore: `'_'`.
   #
-  #  Chicken Fried Steak -- 9.95
-  #  A well massaged pattie, breaded and fried.
+  # [blank line control]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Suppressing+Unwanted+Blank+Lines
+  # [combine trim modes]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Combining+Trim+Modes
+  # [newline control]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Suppressing+Unwanted+Newlines
+  # [shorthand format]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Shorthand+Format+for+Execution+Tags
   #
-  def initialize(str, safe_level=NOT_GIVEN, legacy_trim_mode=NOT_GIVEN, legacy_eoutvar=NOT_GIVEN, trim_mode: nil, eoutvar: '_erbout')
-    # Complex initializer for $SAFE deprecation at [Feature #14256]. Use keyword arguments to pass trim_mode or eoutvar.
-    if safe_level != NOT_GIVEN
-      warn 'Passing safe_level with the 2nd argument of ERB.new is deprecated. Do not use it, and specify other arguments as keyword arguments.', uplevel: 1
-    end
-    if legacy_trim_mode != NOT_GIVEN
-      warn 'Passing trim_mode with the 3rd argument of ERB.new is deprecated. Use keyword argument like ERB.new(str, trim_mode: ...) instead.', uplevel: 1
-      trim_mode = legacy_trim_mode
-    end
-    if legacy_eoutvar != NOT_GIVEN
-      warn 'Passing eoutvar with the 4th argument of ERB.new is deprecated. Use keyword argument like ERB.new(str, eoutvar: ...) instead.', uplevel: 1
-      eoutvar = legacy_eoutvar
-    end
-
+  def initialize(str, trim_mode: nil, eoutvar: '_erbout')
     compiler = make_compiler(trim_mode)
     set_eoutvar(compiler, eoutvar)
     @src, @encoding, @frozen_string = *compiler.compile(str)
+    @src.freeze
     @filename = nil
     @lineno = 0
     @_init = self.class.singleton_class
   end
-  NOT_GIVEN = defined?(Ractor) ? Ractor.make_shareable(Object.new) : Object.new
-  private_constant :NOT_GIVEN
-
-  ##
-  # Creates a new compiler for ERB.  See ERB::Compiler.new for details
 
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   make_compiler -> erb_compiler
+  #
+  # Returns a new ERB::Compiler with the given `trim_mode`;
+  # for `trim_mode` values, see ERB.new:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # ERB.new('').make_compiler(nil)
+  # # => #<ERB::Compiler:0x000001cff9467678 @insert_cmd="print", @percent=false, @post_cmd=[], @pre_cmd=[], @put_cmd="print", @trim_mode=nil>
+  # ```
+  #
   def make_compiler(trim_mode)
     ERB::Compiler.new(trim_mode)
   end
 
-  # The Ruby code generated by ERB
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # Returns the Ruby code that, when executed, generates the result;
+  # the code is executed by method #result,
+  # and by its wrapper methods #result_with_hash and #run:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # template = 'The time is <%= Time.now %>.'
+  # erb = ERB.new(template)
+  # erb.src
+  # # => "#coding:UTF-8\n_erbout = +''; _erbout.<< \"The time is \".freeze; _erbout.<<(( Time.now ).to_s); _erbout.<< \".\".freeze; _erbout"
+  # erb.result
+  # # => "The time is 2025-09-18 15:58:08 -0500."
+  # ```
+  #
+  # In a more readable format:
+  #
+  # ```
+  #   # puts erb.src.split('; ')
+  #   # #coding:UTF-8
+  #   # _erbout = +''
+  #   # _erbout.<< "The time is ".freeze
+  #   # _erbout.<<(( Time.now ).to_s)
+  #   # _erbout.<< ".".freeze
+  #   # _erbout
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Variable `_erbout` is used to store the intermediate results in the code;
+  # the name `_erbout` is the default in ERB.new,
+  # and can be changed via keyword argument `eoutvar`:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # erb = ERB.new(template, eoutvar: '_foo')
+  # puts template.src.split('; ')
+  # #coding:UTF-8
+  # _foo = +''
+  # _foo.<< "The time is ".freeze
+  # _foo.<<(( Time.now ).to_s)
+  # _foo.<< ".".freeze
+  # _foo
+  # ```
+  #
   attr_reader :src
 
-  # The encoding to eval
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # Returns the encoding of `self`;
+  # see [Encodings][encodings]:
+  #
+  # [encodings]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Encodings
+  #
   attr_reader :encoding
 
-  # The optional _filename_ argument passed to Kernel#eval when the ERB code
-  # is run
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # Sets or returns the file name to be used in reporting errors;
+  # see [Error Reporting][error reporting].
+  #
+  # [error reporting]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Error+Reporting
   attr_accessor :filename
 
-  # The optional _lineno_ argument passed to Kernel#eval when the ERB code
-  # is run
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # Sets or returns the line number to be used in reporting errors;
+  # see [Error Reporting][error reporting].
+  #
+  # [error reporting]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Error+Reporting
   attr_accessor :lineno
 
+  # :markup: markdown
   #
-  # Sets optional filename and line number that will be used in ERB code
-  # evaluation and error reporting. See also #filename= and #lineno=
-  #
-  #   erb = ERB.new('<%= some_x %>')
-  #   erb.render
-  #   # undefined local variable or method `some_x'
-  #   #   from (erb):1
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   location = [filename, lineno] => [filename, lineno]
+  #   location = filename -> filename
   #
-  #   erb.location = ['file.erb', 3]
-  #   # All subsequent error reporting would use new location
-  #   erb.render
-  #   # undefined local variable or method `some_x'
-  #   #   from file.erb:4
+  # Sets the values of #filename and, if given, #lineno;
+  # see [Error Reporting][error reporting].
   #
+  # [error reporting]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Error+Reporting
   def location=((filename, lineno))
     @filename = filename
     @lineno = lineno if lineno
   end
 
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   set_eoutvar(compiler, eoutvar = '_erbout') -> [eoutvar]
   #
-  # Can be used to set _eoutvar_ as described in ERB::new.  It's probably
-  # easier to just use the constructor though, since calling this method
-  # requires the setup of an ERB _compiler_ object.
+  # Sets the `eoutvar` value in the ERB::Compiler object `compiler`;
+  # returns a 1-element array containing the value of `eoutvar`:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # template = ERB.new('')
+  # compiler = template.make_compiler(nil)
+  # pp compiler
+  # #<ERB::Compiler:0x000001cff8a9aa00
+  #  @insert_cmd="print",
+  #  @percent=false,
+  #  @post_cmd=[],
+  #  @pre_cmd=[],
+  #  @put_cmd="print",
+  #  @trim_mode=nil>
+  # template.set_eoutvar(compiler, '_foo') # => ["_foo"]
+  # pp compiler
+  # #<ERB::Compiler:0x000001cff8a9aa00
+  #  @insert_cmd="_foo.<<",
+  #  @percent=false,
+  #  @post_cmd=["_foo"],
+  #  @pre_cmd=["_foo = +''"],
+  #  @put_cmd="_foo.<<",
+  #  @trim_mode=nil>
+  # ```
   #
   def set_eoutvar(compiler, eoutvar = '_erbout')
     compiler.put_cmd = "#{eoutvar}.<<"
@@ -409,17 +977,34 @@ class ERB
     compiler.post_cmd = [eoutvar]
   end
 
-  # Generate results and print them. (see ERB#result)
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   run(binding = new_toplevel) -> nil
+  #
+  # Like #result, but prints the result string (instead of returning it);
+  # returns `nil`.
   def run(b=new_toplevel)
     print self.result(b)
   end
 
+  # :markup: markdown
   #
-  # Executes the generated ERB code to produce a completed template, returning
-  # the results of that code.
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   result(binding = new_toplevel) -> new_string
   #
-  # _b_ accepts a Binding object which is used to set the context of
-  # code evaluation.
+  # Returns the string result formed by processing \ERB tags found in the stored template in `self`.
+  #
+  # With no argument given, uses the default binding;
+  # see [Default Binding][default binding].
+  #
+  # With argument `binding` given, uses the local binding;
+  # see [Local Binding][local binding].
+  #
+  # See also #result_with_hash.
+  #
+  # [default binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Default+Binding
+  # [local binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Local+Binding
   #
   def result(b=new_toplevel)
     unless @_init.equal?(self.class.singleton_class)
@@ -428,8 +1013,18 @@ class ERB
     eval(@src, b, (@filename || '(erb)'), @lineno)
   end
 
-  # Render a template on a new toplevel binding with local variables specified
-  # by a Hash object.
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   result_with_hash(hash) -> new_string
+  #
+  # Returns the string result formed by processing \ERB tags found in the stored string in `self`;
+  # see [Augmented Binding][augmented binding].
+  #
+  # See also #result.
+  #
+  # [augmented binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Augmented+Binding
+  #
   def result_with_hash(hash)
     b = new_toplevel(hash.keys)
     hash.each_pair do |key, value|
@@ -438,10 +1033,22 @@ class ERB
     result(b)
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Returns a new binding each time *near* TOPLEVEL_BINDING for runs that do
-  # not specify a binding.
-
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   new_toplevel(symbols) -> new_binding
+  #
+  # Returns a new binding based on `TOPLEVEL_BINDING`;
+  # used to create a default binding for a call to #result.
+  #
+  # See [Default Binding][default binding].
+  #
+  # Argument `symbols` is an array of symbols;
+  # each symbol `symbol` is defined as a new variable to hide and
+  # prevent it from overwriting a variable of the same name already
+  # defined within the binding.
+  #
+  # [default binding]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Default+Binding
   def new_toplevel(vars = nil)
     b = TOPLEVEL_BINDING
     if vars
@@ -454,49 +1061,116 @@ class ERB
   end
   private :new_toplevel
 
-  # Define _methodname_ as instance method of _mod_ from compiled Ruby source.
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   def_method(module, method_signature, filename = '(ERB)') -> method_name
+  #
+  # Creates and returns a new instance method in the given module `module`;
+  # returns the method name as a symbol.
+  #
+  # The method is created from the given `method_signature`,
+  # which consists of the method name and its argument names (if any).
+  #
+  # The `filename` sets the value of #filename;
+  # see [Error Reporting][error reporting].
+  #
+  # [error reporting]: rdoc-ref:ERB@Error+Reporting
+  #
+  # ```
+  # template = '<%= arg1 %> <%= arg2 %>'
+  # erb = ERB.new(template)
+  # MyModule = Module.new
+  # erb.def_method(MyModule, 'render(arg1, arg2)') # => :render
+  # class MyClass; include MyModule; end
+  # MyClass.new.render('foo', 123)                      # => "foo 123"
+  # ```
   #
-  # example:
-  #   filename = 'example.rhtml'   # 'arg1' and 'arg2' are used in example.rhtml
-  #   erb = ERB.new(File.read(filename))
-  #   erb.def_method(MyClass, 'render(arg1, arg2)', filename)
-  #   print MyClass.new.render('foo', 123)
   def def_method(mod, methodname, fname='(ERB)')
+    unless @_init.equal?(self.class.singleton_class)
+      raise ArgumentError, "not initialized"
+    end
     src = self.src.sub(/^(?!#|$)/) {"def #{methodname}\n"} << "\nend\n"
     mod.module_eval do
       eval(src, binding, fname, -1)
     end
   end
 
-  # Create unnamed module, define _methodname_ as instance method of it, and return it.
-  #
-  # example:
-  #   filename = 'example.rhtml'   # 'arg1' and 'arg2' are used in example.rhtml
-  #   erb = ERB.new(File.read(filename))
-  #   erb.filename = filename
-  #   MyModule = erb.def_module('render(arg1, arg2)')
-  #   class MyClass
-  #     include MyModule
-  #   end
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #    def_module(method_name = 'erb') -> new_module
+  #
+  # Returns a new nameless module that has instance method `method_name`.
+  #
+  # ```
+  # template = '<%= arg1 %> <%= arg2 %>'
+  # erb = ERB.new(template)
+  # MyModule = template.def_module('render(arg1, arg2)')
+  # class MyClass
+  #   include MyModule
+  # end
+  # MyClass.new.render('foo', 123)
+  # # => "foo 123"
+  # ```
+  #
   def def_module(methodname='erb')
     mod = Module.new
     def_method(mod, methodname, @filename || '(ERB)')
     mod
   end
 
-  # Define unnamed class which has _methodname_ as instance method, and return it.
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # :call-seq:
+  #   def_class(super_class = Object, method_name = 'result') -> new_class
+  #
+  # Returns a new nameless class whose superclass is `super_class`,
+  # and which has instance method `method_name`.
+  #
+  # Create a template from HTML that has embedded expression tags that use `@arg1` and `@arg2`:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # html = <<TEMPLATE
+  # <html>
+  # <body>
+  #   <p><%= @arg1 %></p>
+  #   <p><%= @arg2 %></p>
+  # </body>
+  # </html>
+  # TEMPLATE
+  # template = ERB.new(html)
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Create a base class that has `@arg1` and `@arg2`:
   #
-  # example:
-  #   class MyClass_
-  #     def initialize(arg1, arg2)
-  #       @arg1 = arg1;  @arg2 = arg2
-  #     end
+  # ```
+  # class MyBaseClass
+  #   def initialize(arg1, arg2)
+  #     @arg1 = arg1
+  #     @arg2 = arg2
   #   end
-  #   filename = 'example.rhtml'  # @arg1 and @arg2 are used in example.rhtml
-  #   erb = ERB.new(File.read(filename))
-  #   erb.filename = filename
-  #   MyClass = erb.def_class(MyClass_, 'render()')
-  #   print MyClass.new('foo', 123).render()
+  # end
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Use method #def_class to create a subclass that has method `:render`:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # MySubClass = template.def_class(MyBaseClass, :render)
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Generate the result:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # puts MySubClass.new('foo', 123).render
+  # <html>
+  # <body>
+  #   <p>foo</p>
+  #   <p>123</p>
+  # </body>
+  # </html>
+  # ```
+  #
   def def_class(superklass=Object, methodname='result')
     cls = Class.new(superklass)
     def_method(cls, methodname, @filename || '(ERB)')
diff --git a/lib/erb/compiler.rb b/lib/erb/compiler.rb
index 74947a9a5f..6d70288b4f 100644
--- a/lib/erb/compiler.rb
+++ b/lib/erb/compiler.rb
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class ERB::Compiler # :nodoc:
       end
     end
 
-    ERB_STAG = %w(<%= <%# <%)
+    ERB_STAG = %w(<%= <%# <%).freeze
     def is_erb_stag?(s)
       ERB_STAG.member?(s)
     end
@@ -472,7 +472,16 @@ class ERB::Compiler # :nodoc:
     return enc, frozen
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
+  WARNING_UPLEVEL = Class.new {
+    attr_reader :c
+    def initialize from
+      @c = caller.length - from.length
+    end
+  }.new(caller(0)).c
+  private_constant :WARNING_UPLEVEL
+
   def warn_invalid_trim_mode(mode, uplevel:)
-    warn "Invalid ERB trim mode: #{mode.inspect} (trim_mode: nil, 0, 1, 2, or String composed of '%' and/or '-', '>', '<>')", uplevel: uplevel + 1
+    warn "Invalid ERB trim mode: #{mode.inspect} (trim_mode: nil, 0, 1, 2, or String composed of '%' and/or '-', '>', '<>')", uplevel: uplevel + WARNING_UPLEVEL
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/erb/def_method.rb b/lib/erb/def_method.rb
index aee989a926..e503b37140 100644
--- a/lib/erb/def_method.rb
+++ b/lib/erb/def_method.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-#--
+
 # ERB::DefMethod
 #
 # Utility module to define eRuby script as instance method.
diff --git a/lib/erb/erb.gemspec b/lib/erb/erb.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70113a2a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/erb/erb.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+begin
+  require_relative 'lib/erb/version'
+rescue LoadError
+  # for Ruby core repository
+  require_relative 'version'
+end
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = 'erb'
+  spec.version       = ERB::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ['Masatoshi SEKI', 'Takashi Kokubun']
+  spec.email         = ['seki@ruby-lang.org', 'k0kubun@ruby-lang.org']
+
+  spec.summary       = %q{An easy to use but powerful templating system for Ruby.}
+  spec.description   = %q{An easy to use but powerful templating system for Ruby.}
+  spec.homepage      = 'https://github.com/ruby/erb'
+  spec.licenses      = ['Ruby', 'BSD-2-Clause']
+
+  spec.metadata['homepage_uri'] = spec.homepage
+  spec.metadata['source_code_uri'] = spec.homepage
+  spec.metadata['changelog_uri'] = "https://github.com/ruby/erb/blob/v#{spec.version}/NEWS.md"
+
+  spec.files = Dir.chdir(__dir__) do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|\.git|\.github)/}) }
+  end
+  spec.bindir        = 'libexec'
+  spec.executables   = ['erb']
+  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
+
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 3.2.0'
+
+  if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
+    spec.platform = 'java'
+  else
+    spec.extensions = ['ext/erb/escape/extconf.rb']
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/erb/util.rb b/lib/erb/util.rb
index 1d2a36275d..d7d69eb4f1 100644
--- a/lib/erb/util.rb
+++ b/lib/erb/util.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-#--
-# ERB::Escape
-#
-# A subset of ERB::Util. Unlike ERB::Util#html_escape, we expect/hope
-# Rails will not monkey-patch ERB::Escape#html_escape.
+
+# Load CGI.escapeHTML and CGI.escapeURIComponent.
+# CRuby:
+#   cgi.gem v0.1.0+ (Ruby 2.7-3.4) and Ruby 4.0+ stdlib have 'cgi/escape' and CGI.escapeHTML.
+#   cgi.gem v0.3.3+ (Ruby 3.2-3.4) and Ruby 4.0+ stdlib have CGI.escapeURIComponent.
+# JRuby: cgi.gem has a Java extension 'cgi/escape'.
+# TruffleRuby: lib/truffle/cgi/escape.rb requires 'cgi/util'.
+require 'cgi/escape'
+
+# Load or define ERB::Escape#html_escape.
+# We don't build the C extension 'cgi/escape' for JRuby, TruffleRuby, and WASM.
+# miniruby (used by CRuby build scripts) also fails to load erb/escape.so.
 begin
-  # We don't build the C extension for JRuby, TruffleRuby, and WASM
-  if $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path('erb/escape')
-    require 'erb/escape'
-  end
-rescue LoadError # resolve_feature_path raises LoadError on TruffleRuby 22.3.0
-end
-unless defined?(ERB::Escape)
+  require 'erb/escape'
+rescue LoadError
+  # ERB::Escape
+  #
+  # A subset of ERB::Util. Unlike ERB::Util#html_escape, we expect/hope
+  # Rails will not monkey-patch ERB::Escape#html_escape.
   module ERB::Escape
+    # :stopdoc:
     def html_escape(s)
       CGI.escapeHTML(s.to_s)
     end
@@ -20,7 +27,6 @@ unless defined?(ERB::Escape)
   end
 end
 
-#--
 # ERB::Util
 #
 # A utility module for conversion routines, often handy in HTML generation.
@@ -42,20 +48,28 @@ module ERB::Util
   alias h html_escape
   module_function :h
 
-  #
-  # A utility method for encoding the String _s_ as a URL.
-  #
-  #   require "erb"
-  #   include ERB::Util
-  #
-  #   puts url_encode("Programming Ruby:  The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide")
-  #
-  # _Generates_
-  #
-  #   Programming%20Ruby%3A%20%20The%20Pragmatic%20Programmer%27s%20Guide
-  #
-  def url_encode(s)
-    CGI.escapeURIComponent(s.to_s)
+  if CGI.respond_to?(:escapeURIComponent)
+    #
+    # A utility method for encoding the String _s_ as a URL.
+    #
+    #   require "erb"
+    #   include ERB::Util
+    #
+    #   puts url_encode("Programming Ruby:  The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide")
+    #
+    # _Generates_
+    #
+    #   Programming%20Ruby%3A%20%20The%20Pragmatic%20Programmer%27s%20Guide
+    #
+    def url_encode(s)
+      CGI.escapeURIComponent(s.to_s)
+    end
+  else # cgi.gem <= v0.3.2
+    def url_encode(s)
+      s.to_s.b.gsub(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-.~]/n) do |m|
+        sprintf("%%%02X", m.unpack1("C"))
+      end
+    end
   end
   alias u url_encode
   module_function :u
diff --git a/lib/erb/version.rb b/lib/erb/version.rb
index b5fe39b330..fde4a2776a 100644
--- a/lib/erb/version.rb
+++ b/lib/erb/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 class ERB
-  VERSION = '4.0.4'
-  private_constant :VERSION
+  # The string \ERB version.
+  VERSION = '6.0.4'
 end
diff --git a/lib/error_highlight/base.rb b/lib/error_highlight/base.rb
index 14e0ce5785..5fffe5ec34 100644
--- a/lib/error_highlight/base.rb
+++ b/lib/error_highlight/base.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 require_relative "version"
 
 module ErrorHighlight
-  # Identify the code fragment at that a given exception occurred.
+  # Identify the code fragment where a given exception occurred.
   #
   # Options:
   #
   # point_type: :name | :args
-  #   :name (default) points the method/variable name that the exception occurred.
-  #   :args points the arguments of the method call that the exception occurred.
+  #   :name (default) points to the method/variable name where the exception occurred.
+  #   :args points to the arguments of the method call where the exception occurred.
   #
   # backtrace_location: Thread::Backtrace::Location
   #   It locates the code fragment of the given backtrace_location.
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module ErrorHighlight
   # Currently, ErrorHighlight.spot only supports a single-line code fragment.
   # Therefore, if the return value is not nil, first_lineno and last_lineno will have
   # the same value. If the relevant code fragment spans multiple lines
-  # (e.g., Array#[] of +ary[(newline)expr(newline)]+), the method will return nil.
+  # (e.g., Array#[] of <tt>ary[(newline)expr(newline)]</tt>), the method will return nil.
   # This restriction may be removed in the future.
   def self.spot(obj, **opts)
     case obj
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ module ErrorHighlight
         snippet = @node.script_lines[lineno - 1 .. last_lineno - 1].join("")
         snippet += "\n" unless snippet.end_with?("\n")
 
-        # It require some work to support Unicode (or multibyte) characters.
+        # It requires some work to support Unicode (or multibyte) characters.
         # Tentatively, we stop highlighting if the code snippet has non-ascii characters.
         # See https://github.com/ruby/error_highlight/issues/4
         raise NonAscii unless snippet.ascii_only?
@@ -122,56 +122,51 @@ module ErrorHighlight
       end
     end
 
-    OPT_GETCONSTANT_PATH = (RUBY_VERSION.split(".").map {|s| s.to_i } <=> [3, 2]) >= 0
-    private_constant :OPT_GETCONSTANT_PATH
-
     def spot
       return nil unless @node
 
-      if OPT_GETCONSTANT_PATH
-        # In Ruby 3.2 or later, a nested constant access (like `Foo::Bar::Baz`)
-        # is compiled to one instruction (opt_getconstant_path).
-        # @node points to the node of the whole `Foo::Bar::Baz` even if `Foo`
-        # or `Foo::Bar` causes NameError.
-        # So we try to spot the sub-node that causes the NameError by using
-        # `NameError#name`.
-        case @node.type
-        when :COLON2
-          subnodes = []
-          node = @node
-          while node.type == :COLON2
-            node2, const = node.children
-            subnodes << node if const == @name
-            node = node2
-          end
-          if node.type == :CONST || node.type == :COLON3
-            if node.children.first == @name
-              subnodes << node
-            end
-
-            # If we found only one sub-node whose name is equal to @name, use it
-            return nil if subnodes.size != 1
-            @node = subnodes.first
-          else
-            # Do nothing; opt_getconstant_path is used only when the const base is
-            # NODE_CONST (`Foo`) or NODE_COLON3 (`::Foo`)
-          end
-        when :constant_path_node
-          subnodes = []
-          node = @node
-
-          begin
-            subnodes << node if node.name == @name
-          end while (node = node.parent).is_a?(Prism::ConstantPathNode)
-
-          if node.is_a?(Prism::ConstantReadNode) && node.name == @name
+      # In Ruby 3.2 or later, a nested constant access (like `Foo::Bar::Baz`)
+      # is compiled to one instruction (opt_getconstant_path).
+      # @node points to the node of the whole `Foo::Bar::Baz` even if `Foo`
+      # or `Foo::Bar` causes NameError.
+      # So we try to spot the sub-node that causes the NameError by using
+      # `NameError#name`.
+      case @node.type
+      when :COLON2
+        subnodes = []
+        node = @node
+        while node.type == :COLON2
+          node2, const = node.children
+          subnodes << node if const == @name
+          node = node2
+        end
+        if node.type == :CONST || node.type == :COLON3
+          if node.children.first == @name
             subnodes << node
           end
 
           # If we found only one sub-node whose name is equal to @name, use it
           return nil if subnodes.size != 1
           @node = subnodes.first
+        else
+          # Do nothing; opt_getconstant_path is used only when the const base is
+          # NODE_CONST (`Foo`) or NODE_COLON3 (`::Foo`)
         end
+      when :constant_path_node
+        subnodes = []
+        node = @node
+
+        begin
+          subnodes << node if node.name == @name
+        end while (node = node.parent).is_a?(Prism::ConstantPathNode)
+
+        if node.is_a?(Prism::ConstantReadNode) && node.name == @name
+          subnodes << node
+        end
+
+        # If we found only one sub-node whose name is equal to @name, use it
+        return nil if subnodes.size != 1
+        @node = subnodes.first
       end
 
       case @node.type
@@ -239,6 +234,20 @@ module ErrorHighlight
       when :OP_CDECL
         spot_op_cdecl
 
+      when :DEFN
+        raise NotImplementedError if @point_type != :name
+        spot_defn
+
+      when :DEFS
+        raise NotImplementedError if @point_type != :name
+        spot_defs
+
+      when :LAMBDA
+        spot_lambda
+
+      when :ITER
+        spot_iter
+
       when :call_node
         case @point_type
         when :name
@@ -280,6 +289,30 @@ module ErrorHighlight
       when :constant_path_operator_write_node
         prism_spot_constant_path_operator_write
 
+      when :def_node
+        case @point_type
+        when :name
+          prism_spot_def_for_name
+        when :args
+          raise NotImplementedError
+        end
+
+      when :lambda_node
+        case @point_type
+        when :name
+          prism_spot_lambda_for_name
+        when :args
+          raise NotImplementedError
+        end
+
+      when :block_node
+        case @point_type
+        when :name
+          prism_spot_block_for_name
+        when :args
+          raise NotImplementedError
+        end
+
       end
 
       if @snippet && @beg_column && @end_column && @beg_column < @end_column
@@ -471,7 +504,6 @@ module ErrorHighlight
     def spot_fcall_for_args
       _mid, nd_args = @node.children
       if nd_args && nd_args.first_lineno == nd_args.last_lineno
-        # binary operator
         fetch_line(nd_args.first_lineno)
         @beg_column = nd_args.first_column
         @end_column = nd_args.last_column
@@ -621,6 +653,55 @@ module ErrorHighlight
       end
     end
 
+    # Example:
+    #   def bar; end
+    #       ^^^
+    def spot_defn
+      mid, = @node.children
+      fetch_line(@node.first_lineno)
+      if @snippet.match(/\Gdef\s+(#{ Regexp.quote(mid) }\b)/, @node.first_column)
+        @beg_column = $~.begin(1)
+        @end_column = $~.end(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   def Foo.bar; end
+    #          ^^^^
+    def spot_defs
+      nd_recv, mid, = @node.children
+      fetch_line(nd_recv.last_lineno)
+      if @snippet.match(/\G\s*(\.\s*#{ Regexp.quote(mid) }\b)/, nd_recv.last_column)
+        @beg_column = $~.begin(1)
+        @end_column = $~.end(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   -> { ... }
+    #   ^^
+    def spot_lambda
+      fetch_line(@node.first_lineno)
+      if @snippet.match(/\G->/, @node.first_column)
+        @beg_column = $~.begin(0)
+        @end_column = $~.end(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   lambda { ... }
+    #          ^
+    #   define_method :foo do
+    #                      ^^
+    def spot_iter
+      _nd_fcall, nd_scope = @node.children
+      fetch_line(nd_scope.first_lineno)
+      if @snippet.match(/\G(?:do\b|\{)/, nd_scope.first_column)
+        @beg_column = $~.begin(0)
+        @end_column = $~.end(0)
+      end
+    end
+
     def fetch_line(lineno)
       @beg_lineno = @end_lineno = lineno
       @snippet = @fetch[lineno]
@@ -826,6 +907,31 @@ module ErrorHighlight
         prism_location(@node.binary_operator_loc.chop)
       end
     end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   def foo()
+    #       ^^^
+    def prism_spot_def_for_name
+      location = @node.name_loc
+      location = @node.operator_loc.join(location) if @node.operator_loc
+      prism_location(location)
+    end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   -> x, y { }
+    #   ^^
+    def prism_spot_lambda_for_name
+      prism_location(@node.operator_loc)
+    end
+
+    # Example:
+    #   lambda { }
+    #          ^
+    #   define_method :foo do |x, y|
+    #                      ^
+    def prism_spot_block_for_name
+      prism_location(@node.opening_loc)
+    end
   end
 
   private_constant :Spotter
diff --git a/lib/error_highlight/core_ext.rb b/lib/error_highlight/core_ext.rb
index b69093f74e..c3354f46cd 100644
--- a/lib/error_highlight/core_ext.rb
+++ b/lib/error_highlight/core_ext.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,38 @@ require_relative "formatter"
 module ErrorHighlight
   module CoreExt
     private def generate_snippet
-      spot = ErrorHighlight.spot(self)
-      return "" unless spot
-      return ErrorHighlight.formatter.message_for(spot)
+      if ArgumentError === self && message =~ /\A(?:wrong number of arguments|missing keyword[s]?|unknown keyword[s]?|no keywords accepted)\b/
+        locs = self.backtrace_locations
+        return "" if locs.size < 2
+        callee_loc, caller_loc = locs
+        callee_spot = ErrorHighlight.spot(self, backtrace_location: callee_loc, point_type: :name)
+        caller_spot = ErrorHighlight.spot(self, backtrace_location: caller_loc, point_type: :name)
+        if caller_spot && callee_spot &&
+            caller_loc.path == callee_loc.path &&
+            caller_loc.lineno == callee_loc.lineno &&
+            caller_spot == callee_spot
+          callee_loc = callee_spot = nil
+        end
+        ret = +"\n"
+        [["caller", caller_loc, caller_spot], ["callee", callee_loc, callee_spot]].each do |header, loc, spot|
+          out = nil
+          if loc
+            out = "    #{ header }: #{ loc.path }:#{ loc.lineno }"
+            if spot
+              _, _, snippet, highlight = ErrorHighlight.formatter.message_for(spot).lines
+              out += "\n    | #{ snippet }      #{ highlight }"
+            else
+              # do nothing
+            end
+          end
+          ret << "\n" + out if out
+        end
+        ret
+      else
+        spot = ErrorHighlight.spot(self)
+        return "" unless spot
+        return ErrorHighlight.formatter.message_for(spot)
+      end
     end
 
     if Exception.method_defined?(:detailed_message)
diff --git a/lib/error_highlight/error_highlight.gemspec b/lib/error_highlight/error_highlight.gemspec
index b2da18df83..edfc4b776f 100644
--- a/lib/error_highlight/error_highlight.gemspec
+++ b/lib/error_highlight/error_highlight.gemspec
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/error_highlight"
 
   spec.license       = "MIT"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.1.0.dev")
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.2.0")
 
   spec.files = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path(__dir__)) do
     `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{\A(?:test|spec|features)/}) }
diff --git a/lib/error_highlight/formatter.rb b/lib/error_highlight/formatter.rb
index 5180576405..d2fad9e75c 100644
--- a/lib/error_highlight/formatter.rb
+++ b/lib/error_highlight/formatter.rb
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ module ErrorHighlight
     end
 
     def self.terminal_width
-      # lazy load io/console, so it's not loaded when 'max_snippet_width' is set
+      # lazy load io/console to avoid loading it when 'max_snippet_width' is manually set
       require "io/console"
       $stderr.winsize[1] if $stderr.tty?
     rescue LoadError, NoMethodError, SystemCallError
-      # do not truncate when window size is not available
+      # skip truncation when terminal window size is unavailable
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/error_highlight/version.rb b/lib/error_highlight/version.rb
index d7a29c7c1e..f0a5376b14 100644
--- a/lib/error_highlight/version.rb
+++ b/lib/error_highlight/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module ErrorHighlight
-  VERSION = "0.7.0"
+  VERSION = "0.7.1"
 end
diff --git a/lib/fileutils.rb b/lib/fileutils.rb
index b9d683797a..0706e007ca 100644
--- a/lib/fileutils.rb
+++ b/lib/fileutils.rb
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ end
 #
 module FileUtils
   # The version number.
-  VERSION = "1.7.3"
+  VERSION = "1.8.0"
 
   def self.private_module_function(name)   #:nodoc:
     module_function name
@@ -706,11 +706,12 @@ module FileUtils
   #
   def ln_s(src, dest, force: nil, relative: false, target_directory: true, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
     if relative
-      return ln_sr(src, dest, force: force, noop: noop, verbose: verbose)
+      return ln_sr(src, dest, force: force, target_directory: target_directory, noop: noop, verbose: verbose)
     end
-    fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
+    fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{
+      target_directory ? '' : 'T'} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
     return if noop
-    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory) do |s,d|
       remove_file d, true if force
       File.symlink s, d
     end
@@ -730,42 +731,37 @@ module FileUtils
   # Like FileUtils.ln_s, but create links relative to +dest+.
   #
   def ln_sr(src, dest, target_directory: true, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
-    options = "#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{target_directory ? '' : 'T'}"
-    dest = File.path(dest)
-    srcs = Array(src)
-    link = proc do |s, target_dir_p = true|
-      s = File.path(s)
-      if target_dir_p
-        d = File.join(destdirs = dest, File.basename(s))
+    cmd = "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''}#{target_directory ? '' : 'T'}" if verbose
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory) do |s,d|
+      if target_directory
+        parent = File.dirname(d)
+        destdirs = fu_split_path(parent)
+        real_ddirs = fu_split_path(File.realpath(parent))
       else
-        destdirs = File.dirname(d = dest)
+        destdirs ||= fu_split_path(dest)
+        real_ddirs ||= fu_split_path(File.realdirpath(dest))
       end
-      destdirs = fu_split_path(File.realpath(destdirs))
-      if fu_starting_path?(s)
-        srcdirs = fu_split_path((File.realdirpath(s) rescue File.expand_path(s)))
-        base = fu_relative_components_from(srcdirs, destdirs)
-        s = File.join(*base)
+      srcdirs = fu_split_path(s)
+      i = fu_common_components(srcdirs, destdirs)
+      n = destdirs.size - i
+      n -= 1 unless target_directory
+      link1 = fu_clean_components(*Array.new([n, 0].max, '..'), *srcdirs[i..-1])
+      begin
+        real_sdirs = fu_split_path(File.realdirpath(s)) rescue nil
+      rescue
       else
-        srcdirs = fu_clean_components(*fu_split_path(s))
-        base = fu_relative_components_from(fu_split_path(Dir.pwd), destdirs)
-        while srcdirs.first&. == ".." and base.last&.!=("..") and !fu_starting_path?(base.last)
-          srcdirs.shift
-          base.pop
-        end
-        s = File.join(*base, *srcdirs)
+        i = fu_common_components(real_sdirs, real_ddirs)
+        n = real_ddirs.size - i
+        n -= 1 unless target_directory
+        link2 = fu_clean_components(*Array.new([n, 0].max, '..'), *real_sdirs[i..-1])
+        link1 = link2 if link1.size > link2.size
       end
-      fu_output_message "ln -s#{options} #{s} #{d}" if verbose
+      s = File.join(link1)
+      fu_output_message [cmd, s, d].flatten.join(' ') if verbose
       next if noop
       remove_file d, true if force
       File.symlink s, d
     end
-    case srcs.size
-    when 0
-    when 1
-      link[srcs[0], target_directory && File.directory?(dest)]
-    else
-      srcs.each(&link)
-    end
   end
   module_function :ln_sr
 
@@ -800,13 +796,13 @@ module FileUtils
   #   File.file?('dest1/dir1/t2.txt') # => true
   #   File.file?('dest1/dir1/t3.txt') # => true
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference_root: true</tt> - dereferences +src+ if it is a symbolic link.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before creating links.
+  # - +dereference_root+ - dereferences +src+ if it is a symbolic link (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before creating links (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Raises an exception if +dest+ is the path to an existing file or directory
-  # and keyword argument <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> is not given.
+  # and optional argument +remove_destination+ is not given.
   #
   # Related: FileUtils.ln (has different options).
   #
@@ -1029,12 +1025,12 @@ module FileUtils
   # directories, and symbolic links;
   # other file types (FIFO streams, device files, etc.) are not supported.
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference_root: true</tt> - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
-  #   follows the link.
-  # - <tt>preserve: true</tt> - preserves file times.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before copying files.
+  # - +dereference_root+ - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
+  #   follows the link (+false+ by default).
+  # - +preserve+ - preserves file times (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before copying files (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Related: {methods for copying}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Copying].
   #
@@ -1065,12 +1061,12 @@ module FileUtils
   #   FileUtils.copy_file('src0.txt', 'dest0.txt')
   #   File.file?('dest0.txt') # => true
   #
-  # Keyword arguments:
+  # Optional arguments:
   #
-  # - <tt>dereference: false</tt> - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
-  #   does not follow the link.
-  # - <tt>preserve: true</tt> - preserves file times.
-  # - <tt>remove_destination: true</tt> - removes +dest+ before copying files.
+  # - +dereference+ - if +src+ is a symbolic link,
+  #   follows the link (+true+ by default).
+  # - +preserve+ - preserves file times (+false+ by default).
+  # - +remove_destination+ - removes +dest+ before copying files (+false+ by default).
   #
   # Related: {methods for copying}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Copying].
   #
@@ -1491,7 +1487,8 @@ module FileUtils
   # Related: {methods for deleting}[rdoc-ref:FileUtils@Deleting].
   #
   def remove_dir(path, force = false)
-    remove_entry path, force   # FIXME?? check if it is a directory
+    raise Errno::ENOTDIR, path unless force or File.directory?(path)
+    remove_entry path, force
   end
   module_function :remove_dir
 
@@ -2475,6 +2472,10 @@ module FileUtils
 
   def fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest, target_directory = true)   #:nodoc:
     if tmp = Array.try_convert(src)
+      unless target_directory or tmp.size <= 1
+        tmp = tmp.map {|f| File.path(f)} # A workaround for RBS
+        raise ArgumentError, "extra target #{tmp}"
+      end
       tmp.each do |s|
         s = File.path(s)
         yield s, (target_directory ? File.join(dest, File.basename(s)) : dest)
@@ -2509,7 +2510,11 @@ module FileUtils
     path = File.path(path)
     list = []
     until (parent, base = File.split(path); parent == path or parent == ".")
-      list << base
+      if base != '..' and list.last == '..' and !(fu_have_symlink? && File.symlink?(path))
+        list.pop
+      else
+        list << base
+      end
       path = parent
     end
     list << path
@@ -2517,14 +2522,14 @@ module FileUtils
   end
   private_module_function :fu_split_path
 
-  def fu_relative_components_from(target, base) #:nodoc:
+  def fu_common_components(target, base) #:nodoc:
     i = 0
     while target[i]&.== base[i]
       i += 1
     end
-    Array.new(base.size-i, '..').concat(target[i..-1])
+    i
   end
-  private_module_function :fu_relative_components_from
+  private_module_function :fu_common_components
 
   def fu_clean_components(*comp) #:nodoc:
     comp.shift while comp.first == "."
@@ -2534,7 +2539,7 @@ module FileUtils
     while c = comp.shift
       if c == ".." and clean.last != ".." and !(fu_have_symlink? && File.symlink?(path))
         clean.pop
-        path.chomp!(%r((?<=\A|/)[^/]+/\z), "")
+        path.sub!(%r((?<=\A|/)[^/]+/\z), "")
       else
         clean << c
         path << c << "/"
diff --git a/lib/find.rb b/lib/find.rb
index 98a79cc76d..d9b81eb92d 100644
--- a/lib/find.rb
+++ b/lib/find.rb
@@ -3,40 +3,50 @@
 # find.rb: the Find module for processing all files under a given directory.
 #
 
+# :markup: markdown
 #
-# The +Find+ module supports the top-down traversal of a set of file paths.
-#
-# For example, to total the size of all files under your home directory,
-# ignoring anything in a "dot" directory (e.g. $HOME/.ssh):
-#
-#   require 'find'
-#
-#   total_size = 0
-#
-#   Find.find(ENV["HOME"]) do |path|
-#     if FileTest.directory?(path)
-#       if File.basename(path).start_with?('.')
-#         Find.prune       # Don't look any further into this directory.
-#       else
-#         next
-#       end
-#     else
-#       total_size += FileTest.size(path)
-#     end
-#   end
-#
+# \Module \Find supports the top-down traversal of entries in the file system.
 module Find
 
+  # The version string
   VERSION = "0.2.0"
 
+  # :markup: markdown
   #
-  # Calls the associated block with the name of every file and directory listed
-  # as arguments, then recursively on their subdirectories, and so on.
+  # With a block given, performs a depth-first traversal of each given path in `paths`;
+  # calls the block with each found file or directory path:
   #
-  # Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
+  # ```ruby
+  # paths = []
+  # Find.find('bin', 'jit') {|path| paths << path }
+  # paths
+  # # =>
+  # # ["bin",
+  # #  "bin/gem",
+  # #  "jit",
+  # #  "jit/Cargo.toml",
+  # #  "jit/src",
+  # #  "jit/src/lib.rs"]
+  # ```
   #
-  # See the +Find+ module documentation for an example.
+  # Raises an exception if a given path cannot be read.
   #
+  # When keyword argument `ignore_error` is given as `true` (the default),
+  # certain exceptions during traversal are ignored (i.e., silently rescued):
+  # Errno::ENOENT, Errno::EACCES, Errno::ENOTDIR, Errno::ELOOP, Errno::ENAMETOOLONG, Errno::EINVAL;
+  # when given as `false`, no exceptions are rescued.
+  #
+  # Note that these exceptions may be ignored only in `Find` traversal code;
+  # an exception raised before traversal begins,
+  # or raised while in the block is not ignored.
+  # Each of the calls below raises an Errno::ENOENT exception that is not ignored:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Find.find('nosuch') { }
+  # Find.find('lib') {|entry| raise Errno::ENOENT }
+  # ```
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
   def find(*paths, ignore_error: true) # :yield: path
     block_given? or return enum_for(__method__, *paths, ignore_error: ignore_error)
 
@@ -74,13 +84,26 @@ module Find
     nil
   end
 
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   Find.prune
+  #
+  # This method is meaningful only within a block given with Find.find.
   #
-  # Skips the current file or directory, restarting the loop with the next
-  # entry. If the current file is a directory, that directory will not be
-  # recursively entered. Meaningful only within the block associated with
-  # Find::find.
+  # Inside such a block,
+  # "prunes" the traversed file tree by not descending into the current directory:
   #
-  # See the +Find+ module documentation for an example.
+  # ```ruby
+  # files = []
+  # Find.find('.') do |path|
+  #   Find.prune if File.basename(path) == 'test'
+  #   next unless File.file?(path) && File.extname(path) == '.rb'
+  #   files << path
+  # end
+  # files.size    # => 6690
+  # files.take(3) # => ["./KNOWNBUGS.rb", "./array.rb", "./ast.rb"]
+  # ```
   #
   def prune
     throw :prune
diff --git a/lib/forwardable.rb b/lib/forwardable.rb
index 71b4e6adad..175d6d9c6b 100644
--- a/lib/forwardable.rb
+++ b/lib/forwardable.rb
@@ -109,11 +109,11 @@
 # +delegate.rb+.
 #
 module Forwardable
-  require 'forwardable/impl'
-
   # Version of +forwardable.rb+
-  VERSION = "1.3.3"
+  VERSION = "1.4.0"
   VERSION.freeze
+
+  # Version for backward compatibility
   FORWARDABLE_VERSION = VERSION
   FORWARDABLE_VERSION.freeze
 
@@ -190,9 +190,7 @@ module Forwardable
 
     # If it's not a class or module, it's an instance
     mod = Module === self ? self : singleton_class
-    ret = mod.module_eval(&gen)
-    mod.__send__(:ruby2_keywords, ali) if RUBY_VERSION >= '2.7'
-    ret
+    mod.module_eval(&gen)
   end
 
   alias delegate instance_delegate
@@ -206,36 +204,33 @@ module Forwardable
     if Module === obj ?
          obj.method_defined?(accessor) || obj.private_method_defined?(accessor) :
          obj.respond_to?(accessor, true)
-      accessor = "#{accessor}()"
+      accessor = "(#{accessor}())"
     end
 
-    method_call = ".__send__(:#{method}, *args, &block)"
-    if _valid_method?(method)
+    args = RUBY_VERSION >= '2.7' ? '...' : '*args, &block'
+    method_call = ".__send__(:#{method}, #{args})"
+    if method.match?(/\A[_a-zA-Z]\w*[?!]?\z/)
       loc, = caller_locations(2,1)
       pre = "_ ="
       mesg = "#{Module === obj ? obj : obj.class}\##{ali} at #{loc.path}:#{loc.lineno} forwarding to private method "
-      method_call = "#{<<-"begin;"}\n#{<<-"end;".chomp}"
-        begin;
-          unless defined? _.#{method}
-            ::Kernel.warn #{mesg.dump}"\#{_.class}"'##{method}', uplevel: 1
-            _#{method_call}
-          else
-            _.#{method}(*args, &block)
-          end
-        end;
+      method_call = <<~RUBY.chomp
+        if defined?(_.#{method})
+          _.#{method}(#{args})
+        else
+          ::Kernel.warn #{mesg.dump}"\#{_.class}"'##{method}', uplevel: 1
+          _#{method_call}
+        end
+      RUBY
     end
 
-    _compile_method("#{<<-"begin;"}\n#{<<-"end;"}", __FILE__, __LINE__+1)
-    begin;
+    eval(<<~RUBY, nil, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
       proc do
-        def #{ali}(*args, &block)
-          #{pre}
-          begin
-            #{accessor}
-          end#{method_call}
+        def #{ali}(#{args})
+          #{pre}#{accessor}
+          #{method_call}
         end
       end
-    end;
+    RUBY
   end
 end
 
@@ -310,9 +305,7 @@ module SingleForwardable
   def def_single_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
     gen = Forwardable._delegator_method(self, accessor, method, ali)
 
-    ret = instance_eval(&gen)
-    singleton_class.__send__(:ruby2_keywords, ali) if RUBY_VERSION >= '2.7'
-    ret
+    instance_eval(&gen)
   end
 
   alias delegate single_delegate
diff --git a/lib/forwardable/forwardable.gemspec b/lib/forwardable/forwardable.gemspec
index 9ad59c5f8a..1b539bcfcb 100644
--- a/lib/forwardable/forwardable.gemspec
+++ b/lib/forwardable/forwardable.gemspec
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
 
   spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.4.0'
-  spec.files         = ["forwardable.gemspec", "lib/forwardable.rb", "lib/forwardable/impl.rb"]
+  spec.files         = ["forwardable.gemspec", "lib/forwardable.rb"]
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.executables   = []
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
diff --git a/lib/forwardable/impl.rb b/lib/forwardable/impl.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0322c136db..0000000000
--- a/lib/forwardable/impl.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-module Forwardable
-  # :stopdoc:
-
-  def self._valid_method?(method)
-    catch {|tag|
-      eval("BEGIN{throw tag}; ().#{method}", binding, __FILE__, __LINE__)
-    }
-  rescue SyntaxError
-    false
-  else
-    true
-  end
-
-  def self._compile_method(src, file, line)
-    eval(src, nil, file, line)
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/ipaddr.gemspec b/lib/ipaddr.gemspec
index 5719f83fc4..cabc9161ba 100644
--- a/lib/ipaddr.gemspec
+++ b/lib/ipaddr.gemspec
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported.
   spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/ipaddr"
   spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
 
-  spec.files         = ["LICENSE.txt", "README.md", "ipaddr.gemspec", "lib/ipaddr.rb"]
+  spec.files         = ["LICENSE.txt", "README.md", "lib/ipaddr.rb"]
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 
   spec.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.4"
diff --git a/lib/ipaddr.rb b/lib/ipaddr.rb
index a45055496c..70b804f642 100644
--- a/lib/ipaddr.rb
+++ b/lib/ipaddr.rb
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ require 'socket'
 #   p ipaddr3                   #=> #<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0>
 
 class IPAddr
-  VERSION = "1.2.7"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "1.2.9"
 
   # 32 bit mask for IPv4
   IN4MASK = 0xffffffff
@@ -151,8 +152,22 @@ class IPAddr
     return self.clone.set(addr_mask(~@addr))
   end
 
+  # Returns a new ipaddr greater than the original address by offset
+  def +(offset)
+    self.clone.set(@addr + offset, @family)
+  end
+
+  # Returns a new ipaddr less than the original address by offset
+  def -(offset)
+    self.clone.set(@addr - offset, @family)
+  end
+
   # Returns true if two ipaddrs are equal.
   def ==(other)
+    if other.nil?
+      return false
+    end
+
     other = coerce_other(other)
   rescue
     false
@@ -282,7 +297,7 @@ class IPAddr
       @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x7f000000 # 127.0.0.1/8
     when Socket::AF_INET6
       @addr == 1 || # ::1
-        (@addr & 0xffff_0000_0000 == 0xffff_0000_0000 && (
+        (@addr >> 32 == 0xffff && (
           @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x7f000000 # ::ffff:127.0.0.1/8
         ))
     else
@@ -303,10 +318,10 @@ class IPAddr
         @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xc0a80000     # 192.168.0.0/16
     when Socket::AF_INET6
       @addr & 0xfe00_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 == 0xfc00_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 ||
-        (@addr & 0xffff_0000_0000 == 0xffff_0000_0000 && (
+        (@addr >> 32 == 0xffff && (
           @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x0a000000 ||  # ::ffff:10.0.0.0/8
-          @addr & 0xfff00000 == 0xac100000 ||  # ::ffff::172.16.0.0/12
-          @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xc0a80000     # ::ffff::192.168.0.0/16
+          @addr & 0xfff00000 == 0xac100000 ||  # ::ffff:172.16.0.0/12
+          @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xc0a80000     # ::ffff:192.168.0.0/16
         ))
     else
       raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
@@ -324,7 +339,7 @@ class IPAddr
       @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xa9fe0000 # 169.254.0.0/16
     when Socket::AF_INET6
       @addr & 0xffc0_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 == 0xfe80_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 || # fe80::/10
-        (@addr & 0xffff_0000_0000 == 0xffff_0000_0000 && (
+        (@addr >> 32 == 0xffff && (
           @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xa9fe0000 # ::ffff:169.254.0.0/16
         ))
     else
@@ -343,7 +358,7 @@ class IPAddr
     _ipv4_compat?
   end
 
-  def _ipv4_compat?
+  def _ipv4_compat?             # :nodoc:
     if !ipv6? || (@addr >> 32) != 0
       return false
     end
@@ -357,7 +372,7 @@ class IPAddr
   # into an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
   def ipv4_mapped
     if !ipv4?
-      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{@addr}"
+      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{to_s}"
     end
     clone = self.clone.set(@addr | 0xffff00000000, Socket::AF_INET6)
     clone.instance_variable_set(:@mask_addr, @mask_addr | 0xffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000)
@@ -369,9 +384,11 @@ class IPAddr
   def ipv4_compat
     warn "IPAddr\##{__callee__} is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
     if !ipv4?
-      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{@addr}"
+      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{to_s}"
     end
-    return self.clone.set(@addr, Socket::AF_INET6)
+    clone = self.clone.set(@addr, Socket::AF_INET6)
+    clone.instance_variable_set(:@mask_addr, @mask_addr | 0xffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000)
+    clone
   end
 
   # Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the IPv6 address into a
@@ -400,7 +417,7 @@ class IPAddr
   # Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC3172.
   def ip6_arpa
     if !ipv6?
-      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{@addr}"
+      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{to_s}"
     end
     return _reverse + ".ip6.arpa"
   end
@@ -408,7 +425,7 @@ class IPAddr
   # Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC1886.
   def ip6_int
     if !ipv6?
-      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{@addr}"
+      raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{to_s}"
     end
     return _reverse + ".ip6.int"
   end
@@ -533,6 +550,7 @@ class IPAddr
   end
 
   protected
+  # :stopdoc:
 
   def begin_addr
     @addr & @mask_addr
@@ -548,6 +566,7 @@ class IPAddr
       raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
     end
   end
+  #:startdoc:
 
   # Set +@addr+, the internal stored ip address, to given +addr+. The
   # parameter +addr+ is validated using the first +family+ member,
@@ -689,6 +708,7 @@ class IPAddr
     end
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   def coerce_other(other)
     case other
     when IPAddr
@@ -709,8 +729,8 @@ class IPAddr
       octets = addr.split('.')
     end
     octets.inject(0) { |i, s|
-      (n = s.to_i) < 256 or raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
-      (s != '0') && s.start_with?('0') and raise InvalidAddressError, "zero-filled number in IPv4 address is ambiguous: #{@addr}"
+      (n = s.to_i) < 256 or raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{addr}"
+      (s != '0') && s.start_with?('0') and raise InvalidAddressError, "zero-filled number in IPv4 address is ambiguous: #{addr}"
       i << 8 | n
     }
   end
@@ -727,19 +747,19 @@ class IPAddr
       right = ''
     when RE_IPV6ADDRLIKE_COMPRESSED
       if $4
-        left.count(':') <= 6 or raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
+        left.count(':') <= 6 or raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{left}"
         addr = in_addr($~[4,4])
         left = $1
         right = $3 + '0:0'
       else
         left.count(':') <= ($1.empty? || $2.empty? ? 8 : 7) or
-          raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
+          raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{left}"
         left = $1
         right = $2
         addr = 0
       end
     else
-      raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
+      raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{left}"
     end
     l = left.split(':')
     r = right.split(':')
@@ -800,7 +820,7 @@ unless Socket.const_defined? :AF_INET6
   class << IPSocket
     private
 
-    def valid_v6?(addr)
+    def valid_v6?(addr) # :nodoc:
       case addr
       when IPAddr::RE_IPV6ADDRLIKE_FULL
         if $2
diff --git a/lib/mkmf.rb b/lib/mkmf.rb
index 25f3bcd750..37ee4a70d9 100644
--- a/lib/mkmf.rb
+++ b/lib/mkmf.rb
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Array # :nodoc:
 end
 
 ##
-# mkmf.rb is used by Ruby C extensions to generate a Makefile which will
+# \Module \MakeMakefile is used by Ruby C extensions to generate a Makefile which will
 # correctly compile and link the C extension to Ruby and a third-party
 # library.
 module MakeMakefile
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ MESSAGE
 
     # disable ASAN leak reporting - conftest programs almost always don't bother
     # to free their memory.
-    envs['ASAN_OPTIONS'] = "detect_leaks=0" unless ENV.key?('ASAN_OPTIONS')
+    envs['LSAN_OPTIONS'] = "detect_leaks=0" unless ENV.key?('LSAN_OPTIONS')
 
     return envs, expand[commands]
   end
@@ -573,11 +573,16 @@ MSG
                      conf)
   end
 
-  def cpp_command(outfile, opt="")
+  def cpp_config(opt)
     conf = cc_config(opt)
     if $universal and (arch_flag = conf['ARCH_FLAG']) and !arch_flag.empty?
       conf['ARCH_FLAG'] = arch_flag.gsub(/(?:\G|\s)-arch\s+\S+/, '')
     end
+    conf
+  end
+
+  def cpp_command(outfile, opt="")
+    conf = cpp_config(opt)
     RbConfig::expand("$(CPP) #$INCFLAGS #$CPPFLAGS #$CFLAGS #{opt} #{CONFTEST_C} #{outfile}",
                      conf)
   end
@@ -860,7 +865,7 @@ int main() {printf("%"PRI_CONFTEST_PREFIX"#{neg ? 'd' : 'u'}\\n", conftest_const
         v
       }
       unless strvars.empty?
-        prepare << "char " << strvars.map {|v| "#{v}[1024]"}.join(", ") << "; "
+        prepare << "char " << strvars.map {|v| %[#{v}[1024] = ""]}.join(", ") << "; "
       end
     when nil
       call = ""
@@ -926,20 +931,12 @@ SRC
     xpopen(cpp_command('', opt)) do |f|
       if Regexp === pat
         puts("    ruby -ne 'print if #{pat.inspect}'")
-        f.grep(pat) {|l|
+        !f.grep(pat) {|l|
           puts "#{f.lineno}: #{l}"
-          return true
-        }
-        false
+        }.empty?
       else
         puts("    egrep '#{pat}'")
-        begin
-          stdin = $stdin.dup
-          $stdin.reopen(f)
-          system("egrep", pat)
-        ensure
-          $stdin.reopen(stdin)
-        end
+        system("egrep", pat, in: f)
       end
     end
   ensure
@@ -2510,16 +2507,19 @@ TIMESTAMP_DIR = #{$extout && $extmk ? '$(extout)/.timestamp' : '.'}
     sodir = $extout ? '$(TARGET_SO_DIR)' : '$(RUBYARCHDIR)'
     n = '$(TARGET_SO_DIR)$(TARGET)'
     cleanobjs = ["$(OBJS)"]
+    cleanlibs = []
     if $extmk
       %w[bc i s].each {|ex| cleanobjs << "$(OBJS:.#{$OBJEXT}=.#{ex})"}
     end
     if target
       config_string('cleanobjs') {|t| cleanobjs << t.gsub(/\$\*/, "$(TARGET)#{deffile ? '-$(arch)': ''}")}
+      cleanlibs << '$(TARGET_SO)'
     end
+    config_string('cleanlibs') {|t| cleanlibs << t.gsub(/\$\*/) {n}}
     conf << "\
 TARGET_SO_DIR =#{$extout ? " $(RUBYARCHDIR)/" : ''}
 TARGET_SO     = $(TARGET_SO_DIR)$(DLLIB)
-CLEANLIBS     = #{'$(TARGET_SO) ' if target}#{config_string('cleanlibs') {|t| t.gsub(/\$\*/) {n}}}
+CLEANLIBS     = #{cleanlibs.join(' ')}
 CLEANOBJS     = #{cleanobjs.join(' ')} *.bak
 TARGET_SO_DIR_TIMESTAMP = #{timestamp_file(sodir, target_prefix)}
 " #"
@@ -2591,7 +2591,7 @@ static: #{$extmk && !$static ? "all" : %[$(STATIC_LIB)#{$extout ? " install-rb"
           dest = "#{dir}/#{File.basename(f)}"
           mfile.print("do-install-rb#{sfx}: #{dest}\n")
           mfile.print("#{dest}: #{f} #{timestamp_file(dir, target_prefix)}\n")
-          mfile.print("\t$(Q) $(#{$extout ? 'COPY' : 'INSTALL_DATA'}) #{f} $(@D)\n")
+          mfile.print("\t$(Q) $(#{$extout ? 'COPY' : 'INSTALL_DATA'}) #{f} $@\n")
           if defined?($installed_list) and !$extout
             mfile.print("\t@echo #{dest}>>$(INSTALLED_LIST)\n")
           end
@@ -3030,15 +3030,32 @@ realclean: distclean
 
     def cc_command(opt="")
       conf = cc_config(opt)
+      cxx_command(opt, conf)
       RbConfig::expand("$(CXX) #$INCFLAGS #$CPPFLAGS #$CXXFLAGS #$ARCH_FLAG #{opt} -c #{CONFTEST_CXX}",
                        conf)
     end
 
+    def cpp_command(outfile, opt="")
+      conf = cpp_config(opt)
+      cxx = cxx_command(opt, conf)
+      cpp = conf['CPP'].sub(/(\A|\s)#{Regexp.quote(conf['CC'])}(?=\z|\s)/) {
+        "#$1#{cxx}"
+      }
+      RbConfig::expand("#{cpp} #$INCFLAGS #$CPPFLAGS #$CXXFLAGS #{opt} #{CONFTEST_CXX} #{outfile}",
+                       conf)
+    end
+
     def link_command(ldflags, *opts)
       conf = link_config(ldflags, *opts)
       RbConfig::expand(TRY_LINK_CXX.dup, conf)
     end
 
+    def cxx_command(opt="", conf = cc_config(opt))
+      cxx = conf['CXX']
+      raise Errno::ENOENT, "C++ compiler not found" if !cxx or cxx == 'false'
+      cxx
+    end
+
     # :startdoc:
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/monitor.rb b/lib/monitor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21329a5de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/monitor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+# = monitor.rb
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2001  Shugo Maeda <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+#
+# This library is distributed under the terms of the Ruby license.
+# You can freely distribute/modify this library.
+#
+#
+# In concurrent programming, a monitor is an object or module intended to be
+# used safely by more than one thread. The defining characteristic of a
+# monitor is that its methods are executed with mutual exclusion. That is, at
+# each point in time, at most one thread may be executing any of its methods.
+# This mutual exclusion greatly simplifies reasoning about the implementation
+# of monitors compared to reasoning about parallel code that updates a data
+# structure.
+#
+# You can read more about the general principles on the Wikipedia page for
+# Monitors[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_%28synchronization%29].
+#
+# == Examples
+#
+# === Simple object.extend
+#
+#   require 'monitor.rb'
+#
+#   buf = []
+#   buf.extend(MonitorMixin)
+#   empty_cond = buf.new_cond
+#
+#   # consumer
+#   Thread.start do
+#     loop do
+#       buf.synchronize do
+#         empty_cond.wait_while { buf.empty? }
+#         print buf.shift
+#       end
+#     end
+#   end
+#
+#   # producer
+#   while line = ARGF.gets
+#     buf.synchronize do
+#       buf.push(line)
+#       empty_cond.signal
+#     end
+#   end
+#
+# The consumer thread waits for the producer thread to push a line to buf
+# while <tt>buf.empty?</tt>. The producer thread (main thread) reads a
+# line from ARGF and pushes it into buf then calls <tt>empty_cond.signal</tt>
+# to notify the consumer thread of new data.
+#
+# === Simple Class include
+#
+#   require 'monitor'
+#
+#   class SynchronizedArray < Array
+#
+#     include MonitorMixin
+#
+#     def initialize(*args)
+#       super(*args)
+#     end
+#
+#     alias :old_shift :shift
+#     alias :old_unshift :unshift
+#
+#     def shift(n=1)
+#       self.synchronize do
+#         self.old_shift(n)
+#       end
+#     end
+#
+#     def unshift(item)
+#       self.synchronize do
+#         self.old_unshift(item)
+#       end
+#     end
+#
+#     # other methods ...
+#   end
+#
+# +SynchronizedArray+ implements an Array with synchronized access to items.
+# This Class is implemented as subclass of Array which includes the
+# MonitorMixin module.
+#
+module MonitorMixin
+  ConditionVariable = Monitor::ConditionVariable # :nodoc:
+
+  #
+  # FIXME: This isn't documented in Nutshell.
+  #
+  # Since MonitorMixin.new_cond returns a ConditionVariable, and the example
+  # above calls while_wait and signal, this class should be documented.
+  #
+
+  def self.extend_object(obj) # :nodoc:
+    super(obj)
+    obj.__send__(:mon_initialize)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Attempts to enter exclusive section.  Returns +false+ if lock fails.
+  #
+  def mon_try_enter
+    @mon_data.try_enter
+  end
+  # For backward compatibility
+  alias try_mon_enter mon_try_enter
+
+  #
+  # Enters exclusive section.
+  #
+  def mon_enter
+    @mon_data.enter
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Leaves exclusive section.
+  #
+  def mon_exit
+    mon_check_owner
+    @mon_data.exit
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if this monitor is locked by any thread
+  #
+  def mon_locked?
+    @mon_data.mon_locked?
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if this monitor is locked by current thread.
+  #
+  def mon_owned?
+    @mon_data.mon_owned?
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Enters exclusive section and executes the block.  Leaves the exclusive
+  # section automatically when the block exits.  See example under
+  # +MonitorMixin+.
+  #
+  def mon_synchronize(&b)
+    @mon_data.synchronize(&b)
+  end
+  alias synchronize mon_synchronize
+
+  #
+  # Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the
+  # Monitor object.
+  #
+  def new_cond
+    unless defined?(@mon_data)
+      mon_initialize
+      @mon_initialized_by_new_cond = true
+    end
+    return ConditionVariable.new(@mon_data)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Use <tt>extend MonitorMixin</tt> or <tt>include MonitorMixin</tt> instead
+  # of this constructor.  Have look at the examples above to understand how to
+  # use this module.
+  def initialize(...)
+    super
+    mon_initialize
+  end
+
+  # Initializes the MonitorMixin after being included in a class or when an
+  # object has been extended with the MonitorMixin
+  def mon_initialize
+    if defined?(@mon_data)
+      if defined?(@mon_initialized_by_new_cond)
+        return # already initialized.
+      elsif @mon_data_owner_object_id == self.object_id
+        raise ThreadError, "already initialized"
+      end
+    end
+    @mon_data = ::Monitor.new
+    @mon_data_owner_object_id = self.object_id
+  end
+
+  # Ensures that the MonitorMixin is owned by the current thread,
+  # otherwise raises an exception.
+  def mon_check_owner
+    @mon_data.mon_check_owner
+  end
+end
+
+class Monitor # :nodoc:
+  alias try_mon_enter try_enter
+  alias mon_try_enter try_enter
+  alias mon_enter enter
+  alias mon_exit exit
+  alias mon_synchronize synchronize
+end
+
+# Documentation comments:
+#  - All documentation comes from Nutshell.
+#  - MonitorMixin.new_cond appears in the example, but is not documented in
+#    Nutshell.
+#  - All the internals (internal modules Accessible and Initializable, class
+#    ConditionVariable) appear in RDoc.  It might be good to hide them, by
+#    making them private, or marking them :nodoc:, etc.
+#  - RDoc doesn't recognise aliases, so we have mon_synchronize documented, but
+#    not synchronize.
+#  - mon_owner is in Nutshell, but appears as an accessor in a separate module
+#    here, so is hard/impossible to RDoc.  Some other useful accessors
+#    (mon_count and some queue stuff) are also in this module, and don't appear
+#    directly in the RDoc output.
+#  - in short, it may be worth changing the code layout in this file to make the
+#    documentation easier
diff --git a/lib/net/http.rb b/lib/net/http.rb
index 797de6aaf5..53295fe90c 100644
--- a/lib/net/http.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   # For information about \HTTP, see:
   #
   # - {Hypertext Transfer Protocol}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol].
-  # - {Technical overview}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Technical_overview].
+  # - {Technology}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Technology].
   #
   # == About the Examples
   #
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # - If performance is important, consider using sessions, which lower request overhead.
   #   This {session}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTP@Sessions] has multiple requests for
-  #   {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods]
+  #   {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Method]
   #   and {WebDAV methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]:
   #
   #     Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   # In the block, you can use these instance methods,
   # each of which that sends a single request:
   #
-  # - {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods]:
+  # - {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Method]:
   #
   #   - #get, #request_get: GET.
   #   - #head, #request_head: HEAD.
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   # if the response has header <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>.
   #
   # Otherwise decompression (or not) depends on the value of header
-  # {Content-Encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-encoding-response-header]:
+  # {Content-Encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Content-Encoding_2]:
   #
   # - <tt>'deflate'</tt>, <tt>'gzip'</tt>, or <tt>'x-gzip'</tt>:
   #   decompresses the body and deletes the header.
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # First, what's elsewhere. Class Net::HTTP:
   #
-  # - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
+  # - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object#class-object-whats-here].
   #
   # This is a categorized summary of methods and attributes.
   #
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
   class HTTP < Protocol
 
     # :stopdoc:
-    VERSION = "0.6.0"
+    VERSION = "0.9.1"
     HTTPVersion = '1.1'
     begin
       require 'zlib'
@@ -1179,6 +1179,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       @debug_output = options[:debug_output]
       @response_body_encoding = options[:response_body_encoding]
       @ignore_eof = options[:ignore_eof]
+      @tcpsocket_supports_open_timeout = nil
 
       @proxy_from_env = false
       @proxy_uri      = nil
@@ -1303,7 +1304,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
 
     # Sets whether to determine the proxy from environment variable
     # '<tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt>';
-    # see {Proxy Using ENV['http_proxy']}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTP@Proxy+Using+-27ENV-5B-27http_proxy-27-5D-27].
+    # see {Proxy Using ENV['http_proxy']}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTP@Proxy+Using+ENVHTTPProxy].
     attr_writer :proxy_from_env
 
     # Sets the proxy address;
@@ -1321,6 +1322,9 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
     # Sets the proxy password;
     # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
     attr_writer :proxy_pass
+
+    # Sets whether the proxy uses SSL;
+    # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
     attr_writer :proxy_use_ssl
 
     # Returns the IP address for the connection.
@@ -1527,9 +1531,9 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       :verify_depth,
       :verify_mode,
       :verify_hostname,
-    ] # :nodoc:
+    ].freeze # :nodoc:
 
-    SSL_IVNAMES = SSL_ATTRIBUTES.map { |a| "@#{a}".to_sym } # :nodoc:
+    SSL_IVNAMES = SSL_ATTRIBUTES.map { |a| "@#{a}".to_sym }.freeze # :nodoc:
 
     # Sets or returns the path to a CA certification file in PEM format.
     attr_accessor :ca_file
@@ -1632,6 +1636,21 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       self
     end
 
+    # Finishes the \HTTP session:
+    #
+    #   http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
+    #   http.start
+    #   http.started? # => true
+    #   http.finish   # => nil
+    #   http.started? # => false
+    #
+    # Raises IOError if not in a session.
+    def finish
+      raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
+      do_finish
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
     def do_start
       connect
       @started = true
@@ -1654,14 +1673,15 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       end
 
       debug "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
-      s = Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Net::OpenTimeout) {
-        begin
-          TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
-        rescue => e
-          raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
-            "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
+      begin
+        s = timeouted_connect(conn_addr, conn_port)
+      rescue => e
+        if (defined?(IO::TimeoutError) && e.is_a?(IO::TimeoutError)) || e.is_a?(Errno::ETIMEDOUT)  # for compatibility with previous versions
+          e = Net::OpenTimeout.new(e)
         end
-      }
+        raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
+          "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
+      end
       s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1)
       debug "opened"
       if use_ssl?
@@ -1754,23 +1774,30 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
     end
     private :connect
 
-    def on_connect
+    tcp_socket_parameters = TCPSocket.instance_method(:initialize).parameters
+    TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT = if tcp_socket_parameters != [[:rest]]
+      tcp_socket_parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
+    else
+      # Use Socket.tcp to find out since there is no parameters information for TCPSocket#initialize
+      # See discussion in https://github.com/ruby/net-http/pull/224
+      Socket.method(:tcp).parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
     end
-    private :on_connect
+    private_constant :TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT
 
-    # Finishes the \HTTP session:
-    #
-    #   http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
-    #   http.start
-    #   http.started? # => true
-    #   http.finish   # => nil
-    #   http.started? # => false
-    #
-    # Raises IOError if not in a session.
-    def finish
-      raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
-      do_finish
+    def timeouted_connect(conn_addr, conn_port)
+      if TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT
+        TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port, open_timeout: @open_timeout)
+      else
+        Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Net::OpenTimeout) {
+          TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
+        }
+      end
+    end
+    private :timeouted_connect
+
+    def on_connect
     end
+    private :on_connect
 
     def do_finish
       @started = false
@@ -1821,6 +1848,8 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       }
     end
 
+    # :startdoc:
+
     class << HTTP
       # Returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
       def proxy_class?
@@ -1915,9 +1944,11 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
     alias proxyport proxy_port      #:nodoc: obsolete
 
     private
+    # :stopdoc:
 
     def unescape(value)
-      require 'cgi/util'
+      require 'cgi/escape'
+      require 'cgi/util' unless defined?(CGI::EscapeExt)
       CGI.unescape(value)
     end
 
@@ -1942,6 +1973,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
         path
       end
     end
+    # :startdoc:
 
     #
     # HTTP operations
@@ -2396,7 +2428,9 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
       res
     end
 
-    IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ # :nodoc:
+    # :stopdoc:
+
+    IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/.freeze # :nodoc:
 
     def transport_request(req)
       count = 0
@@ -2553,7 +2587,7 @@ module Net   #:nodoc:
     alias_method :D, :debug
   end
 
-  # for backward compatibility until Ruby 3.5
+  # for backward compatibility until Ruby 4.0
   # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20900
   # https://github.com/bblimke/webmock/pull/1081
   HTTPSession = HTTP
diff --git a/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb b/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
index ceec8f7b0a..4342cfc0ef 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module Net
   # Net::HTTP exception class.
   # You cannot use Net::HTTPExceptions directly; instead, you must use
   # its subclasses.
-  module HTTPExceptions
+  module HTTPExceptions # :nodoc:
     def initialize(msg, res)   #:nodoc:
       super msg
       @response = res
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ module Net
     alias data response    #:nodoc: obsolete
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   class HTTPError < ProtocolError
     include HTTPExceptions
   end
diff --git a/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb b/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
index 44e329a0c8..5b01ea4abd 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
@@ -19,16 +19,13 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
 
     if URI === uri_or_path then
       raise ArgumentError, "not an HTTP URI" unless URI::HTTP === uri_or_path
-      hostname = uri_or_path.hostname
+      hostname = uri_or_path.host
       raise ArgumentError, "no host component for URI" unless (hostname && hostname.length > 0)
       @uri = uri_or_path.dup
-      host = @uri.hostname.dup
-      host << ":" << @uri.port.to_s if @uri.port != @uri.default_port
       @path = uri_or_path.request_uri
       raise ArgumentError, "no HTTP request path given" unless @path
     else
       @uri = nil
-      host = nil
       raise ArgumentError, "no HTTP request path given" unless uri_or_path
       raise ArgumentError, "HTTP request path is empty" if uri_or_path.empty?
       @path = uri_or_path.dup
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     initialize_http_header initheader
     self['Accept'] ||= '*/*'
     self['User-Agent'] ||= 'Ruby'
-    self['Host'] ||= host if host
+    self['Host'] ||= @uri.authority if @uri
     @body = nil
     @body_stream = nil
     @body_data = nil
@@ -102,6 +99,31 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     "\#<#{self.class} #{@method}>"
   end
 
+  # Returns a string representation of the request with the details for pp:
+  #
+  #   require 'pp'
+  #   post = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
+  #   post.inspect # => "#<Net::HTTP::Post POST>"
+  #   post.pretty_inspect
+  #   # => #<Net::HTTP::Post
+  #         POST
+  #         path="/"
+  #         headers={"accept-encoding" => ["gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3"],
+  #          "accept" => ["*/*"],
+  #          "user-agent" => ["Ruby"],
+  #          "host" => ["www.ruby-lang.org"]}>
+  #
+  def pretty_print(q)
+    q.object_group(self) {
+      q.breakable
+      q.text @method
+      q.breakable
+      q.text "path="; q.pp @path
+      q.breakable
+      q.text "headers="; q.pp to_hash
+    }
+  end
+
   ##
   # Don't automatically decode response content-encoding if the user indicates
   # they want to handle it.
@@ -220,7 +242,7 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     end
 
     if host = self['host']
-      host.sub!(/:.*/m, '')
+      host = URI.parse("//#{host}").host # Remove a port component from the existing Host header
     elsif host = @uri.host
     else
      host = addr
@@ -239,6 +261,8 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
 
   private
 
+  # :stopdoc:
+
   class Chunker #:nodoc:
     def initialize(sock)
       @sock = sock
@@ -260,7 +284,6 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
   def send_request_with_body(sock, ver, path, body)
     self.content_length = body.bytesize
     delete 'Transfer-Encoding'
-    supply_default_content_type
     write_header sock, ver, path
     wait_for_continue sock, ver if sock.continue_timeout
     sock.write body
@@ -271,7 +294,6 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
       raise ArgumentError,
           "Content-Length not given and Transfer-Encoding is not `chunked'"
     end
-    supply_default_content_type
     write_header sock, ver, path
     wait_for_continue sock, ver if sock.continue_timeout
     if chunked?
@@ -373,12 +395,6 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     buf.clear
   end
 
-  def supply_default_content_type
-    return if content_type()
-    warn 'net/http: Content-Type did not set; using application/x-www-form-urlencoded', uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    set_content_type 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-  end
-
   ##
   # Waits up to the continue timeout for a response from the server provided
   # we're speaking HTTP 1.1 and are expecting a 100-continue response.
@@ -411,4 +427,3 @@ class Net::HTTPGenericRequest
   end
 
 end
-
diff --git a/lib/net/http/header.rb b/lib/net/http/header.rb
index f6c36f1b5e..5dcdcc7d74 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/header.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/header.rb
@@ -179,7 +179,9 @@
 # - #each_value: Passes each string field value to the block.
 #
 module Net::HTTPHeader
+  # The maximum length of HTTP header keys.
   MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 1024
+  # The maximum length of HTTP header values.
   MAX_FIELD_LENGTH = 65536
 
   def initialize_http_header(initheader) #:nodoc:
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@ module Net::HTTPHeader
     end
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   private def set_field(key, val)
     case val
     when Enumerable
@@ -294,6 +297,7 @@ module Net::HTTPHeader
       ary.push val
     end
   end
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # Returns the array field value for the given +key+,
   # or +nil+ if there is no such field;
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ module Net::HTTPHeader
 
   alias canonical_each each_capitalized
 
-  def capitalize(name)
+  def capitalize(name)  # :nodoc:
     name.to_s.split('-'.freeze).map {|s| s.capitalize }.join('-'.freeze)
   end
   private :capitalize
@@ -957,12 +961,12 @@ module Net::HTTPHeader
     @header['proxy-authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
   end
 
-  def basic_encode(account, password)
+  def basic_encode(account, password)   # :nodoc:
     'Basic ' + ["#{account}:#{password}"].pack('m0')
   end
   private :basic_encode
 
-# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be closed.
+  # Returns whether the HTTP session is to be closed.
   def connection_close?
     token = /(?:\A|,)\s*close\s*(?:\z|,)/i
     @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
@@ -970,7 +974,7 @@ module Net::HTTPHeader
     false
   end
 
-# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be kept alive.
+  # Returns whether the HTTP session is to be kept alive.
   def connection_keep_alive?
     token = /(?:\A|,)\s*keep-alive\s*(?:\z|,)/i
     @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
diff --git a/lib/net/http/net-http.gemspec b/lib/net/http/net-http.gemspec
index 70528d58cb..d59d5c3b74 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/net-http.gemspec
+++ b/lib/net/http/net-http.gemspec
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.summary       = %q{HTTP client api for Ruby.}
   spec.description   = %q{HTTP client api for Ruby.}
   spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/net-http"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.6.0")
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.7.0")
   spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
 
   spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = spec.homepage + "/releases"
@@ -30,11 +30,10 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
   # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z 2>#{IO::NULL}`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{\A(?:(?:test|spec|features)/|\.git)}) }
-  end
+  excludes = %W[/.git* /bin /test /test_sig /*file /#{File.basename(__FILE__)}]
+  spec.files = IO.popen(%W[git -C #{__dir__} ls-files -z --] + excludes.map {|e| ":^#{e}"}, &:read).split("\x0")
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 
-  spec.add_dependency "uri"
+  spec.add_dependency "uri", ">= 0.11.1"
 end
diff --git a/lib/net/http/requests.rb b/lib/net/http/requests.rb
index e58057adf1..8dc79a9f66 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/requests.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/requests.rb
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 #
 # - Request body: optional.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: yes.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: yes.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: yes.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: yes.
 #
 # Related:
 #
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 # - Net::HTTP#get: sends +GET+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Get < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'GET'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY  = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -51,15 +52,16 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: optional.
 # - Response body: no.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: yes.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: yes.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: yes.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: yes.
 #
 # Related:
 #
 # - Net::HTTP#head: sends +HEAD+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Head < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'HEAD'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = false
@@ -85,9 +87,9 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: yes.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: no.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: no.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: yes.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: no.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: no.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: yes.
 #
 # Related:
 #
@@ -95,6 +97,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#post: sends +POST+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Post < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'POST'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -120,9 +123,9 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: yes.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: no.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: no.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: no.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: no.
 #
 # Related:
 #
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#put: sends +PUT+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Put < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PUT'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -153,15 +157,16 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: optional.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: no.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: no.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: no.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: no.
 #
 # Related:
 #
 # - Net::HTTP#delete: sends +DELETE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Delete < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'DELETE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -184,15 +189,16 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: optional.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: yes.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: no.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: yes.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: no.
 #
 # Related:
 #
 # - Net::HTTP#options: sends +OPTIONS+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Options < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'OPTIONS'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -215,15 +221,16 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: no.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: yes.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: yes.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: no.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: yes.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: yes.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: no.
 #
 # Related:
 #
 # - Net::HTTP#trace: sends +TRACE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Trace < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'TRACE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -249,15 +256,16 @@ end
 #
 # - Request body: yes.
 # - Response body: yes.
-# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Safe_methods]: no.
-# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Idempotent_methods]: no.
-# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Cacheable_methods]: no.
+# - {Safe}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Safe_method]: no.
+# - {Idempotent}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Idempotent_method]: no.
+# - {Cacheable}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Cacheable_method]: no.
 #
 # Related:
 #
 # - Net::HTTP#patch: sends +PATCH+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Patch < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PATCH'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -285,6 +293,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#propfind: sends +PROPFIND+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Propfind < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PROPFIND'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -308,6 +317,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#proppatch: sends +PROPPATCH+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Proppatch < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PROPPATCH'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -331,6 +341,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#mkcol: sends +MKCOL+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Mkcol < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'MKCOL'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -354,6 +365,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#copy: sends +COPY+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Copy < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'COPY'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -377,6 +389,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#move: sends +MOVE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Move < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'MOVE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -400,6 +413,7 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#lock: sends +LOCK+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Lock < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'LOCK'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -423,8 +437,8 @@ end
 # - Net::HTTP#unlock: sends +UNLOCK+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Net::HTTP::Unlock < Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'UNLOCK'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
 end
-
diff --git a/lib/net/http/response.rb b/lib/net/http/response.rb
index 40de963868..8804a99c9e 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/response.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/response.rb
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ class Net::HTTPResponse
     end
 
     private
+    # :stopdoc:
 
     def read_status_line(sock)
       str = sock.readline
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ class Net::HTTPResponse
   # header.
   attr_accessor :ignore_eof
 
-  def inspect
+  def inspect   # :nodoc:
     "#<#{self.class} #{@code} #{@message} readbody=#{@read}>"
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/net/http/responses.rb b/lib/net/http/responses.rb
index 6f6fb8d055..941a6fed80 100644
--- a/lib/net/http/responses.rb
+++ b/lib/net/http/responses.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 
 module Net
 
+  # Unknown HTTP response
   class HTTPUnknownResponse < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#1xx_informational_response].
   #
   class HTTPInformation < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#2xx_success].
   #
   class HTTPSuccess < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#3xx_redirection].
   #
   class HTTPRedirection < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPRetriableError         #
   end
@@ -63,6 +68,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#4xx_client_errors].
   #
   class HTTPClientError < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPClientException        #
   end
@@ -77,6 +83,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#5xx_server_errors].
   #
   class HTTPServerError < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPFatalError             #
   end
@@ -94,6 +101,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#100].
   #
   class HTTPContinue < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -111,6 +119,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#101].
   #
   class HTTPSwitchProtocol < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -127,6 +136,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#102].
   #
   class HTTPProcessing < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -145,6 +155,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#103].
   #
   class HTTPEarlyHints < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -162,6 +173,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#200].
   #
   class HTTPOK < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -179,6 +191,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#201].
   #
   class HTTPCreated < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -196,6 +209,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#202].
   #
   class HTTPAccepted < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -215,6 +229,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#203].
   #
   class HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -232,6 +247,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#204].
   #
   class HTTPNoContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -250,6 +266,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#205].
   #
   class HTTPResetContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -268,6 +285,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#206].
   #
   class HTTPPartialContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -285,6 +303,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#207].
   #
   class HTTPMultiStatus < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -304,6 +323,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#208].
   #
   class HTTPAlreadyReported < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -321,6 +341,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#226].
   #
   class HTTPIMUsed < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -338,6 +359,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#300].
   #
   class HTTPMultipleChoices < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPMultipleChoice = HTTPMultipleChoices
@@ -356,6 +378,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#301].
   #
   class HTTPMovedPermanently < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -373,6 +396,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#302].
   #
   class HTTPFound < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPMovedTemporarily = HTTPFound
@@ -390,6 +414,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#303].
   #
   class HTTPSeeOther < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -407,6 +432,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#304].
   #
   class HTTPNotModified < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -423,6 +449,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#305].
   #
   class HTTPUseProxy < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -440,6 +467,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#307].
   #
   class HTTPTemporaryRedirect < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -456,6 +484,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#308].
   #
   class HTTPPermanentRedirect < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -472,6 +501,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#400].
   #
   class HTTPBadRequest < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -488,6 +518,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#401].
   #
   class HTTPUnauthorized < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -504,6 +535,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#402].
   #
   class HTTPPaymentRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -521,6 +553,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#403].
   #
   class HTTPForbidden < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -537,6 +570,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#404].
   #
   class HTTPNotFound < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -553,6 +587,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#405].
   #
   class HTTPMethodNotAllowed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -570,6 +605,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#406].
   #
   class HTTPNotAcceptable < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -586,6 +622,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#407].
   #
   class HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -602,6 +639,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#408].
   #
   class HTTPRequestTimeout < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestTimeOut = HTTPRequestTimeout
@@ -619,6 +657,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#409].
   #
   class HTTPConflict < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -636,6 +675,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#410].
   #
   class HTTPGone < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -653,6 +693,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#411].
   #
   class HTTPLengthRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -670,6 +711,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#412].
   #
   class HTTPPreconditionFailed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -686,6 +728,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#413].
   #
   class HTTPPayloadTooLarge < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge = HTTPPayloadTooLarge
@@ -703,6 +746,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#414].
   #
   class HTTPURITooLong < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestURITooLong = HTTPURITooLong
@@ -721,6 +765,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#415].
   #
   class HTTPUnsupportedMediaType < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -737,6 +782,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#416].
   #
   class HTTPRangeNotSatisfiable < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = HTTPRangeNotSatisfiable
@@ -754,6 +800,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#417].
   #
   class HTTPExpectationFailed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -774,6 +821,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#421].
   #
   class HTTPMisdirectedRequest < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -790,6 +838,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#422].
   #
   class HTTPUnprocessableEntity < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -805,6 +854,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#423].
   #
   class HTTPLocked < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -821,6 +871,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#424].
   #
   class HTTPFailedDependency < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -840,6 +891,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#426].
   #
   class HTTPUpgradeRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -856,6 +908,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#428].
   #
   class HTTPPreconditionRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -872,6 +925,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#429].
   #
   class HTTPTooManyRequests < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -889,6 +943,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#431].
   #
   class HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -906,6 +961,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#451].
   #
   class HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   # 444 No Response - Nginx
@@ -926,6 +982,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#500].
   #
   class HTTPInternalServerError < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -943,6 +1000,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#501].
   #
   class HTTPNotImplemented < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -960,6 +1018,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#502].
   #
   class HTTPBadGateway < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -977,6 +1036,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#503].
   #
   class HTTPServiceUnavailable < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -994,6 +1054,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#504].
   #
   class HTTPGatewayTimeout < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPGatewayTimeOut = HTTPGatewayTimeout
@@ -1011,6 +1072,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#505].
   #
   class HTTPVersionNotSupported < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1027,6 +1089,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#506].
   #
   class HTTPVariantAlsoNegotiates < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1043,6 +1106,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#507].
   #
   class HTTPInsufficientStorage < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1059,6 +1123,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#508].
   #
   class HTTPLoopDetected < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   # 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded - Apache bw/limited extension
@@ -1076,6 +1141,7 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#510].
   #
   class HTTPNotExtended < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1092,19 +1158,21 @@ module Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#511].
   #
   class HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
 end
 
 class Net::HTTPResponse
+  # :stopdoc:
   CODE_CLASS_TO_OBJ = {
     '1' => Net::HTTPInformation,
     '2' => Net::HTTPSuccess,
     '3' => Net::HTTPRedirection,
     '4' => Net::HTTPClientError,
     '5' => Net::HTTPServerError
-  }
+  }.freeze
   CODE_TO_OBJ = {
     '100' => Net::HTTPContinue,
     '101' => Net::HTTPSwitchProtocol,
@@ -1170,5 +1238,5 @@ class Net::HTTPResponse
     '508' => Net::HTTPLoopDetected,
     '510' => Net::HTTPNotExtended,
     '511' => Net::HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired,
-  }
+  }.freeze
 end
diff --git a/lib/net/net-protocol.gemspec b/lib/net/net-protocol.gemspec
index f9fd83f12b..2d911a966c 100644
--- a/lib/net/net-protocol.gemspec
+++ b/lib/net/net-protocol.gemspec
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
   # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z 2>#{IO::NULL}`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
+  excludes = %W[/.git* /bin /test /*file /#{File.basename(__FILE__)}]
+  spec.files = IO.popen(%W[git -C #{__dir__} ls-files -z --] + excludes.map {|e| ":^#{e}"}, &:read).split("\x0")
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 
   spec.add_dependency "timeout"
diff --git a/lib/net/protocol.rb b/lib/net/protocol.rb
index 197ea09089..8c81298c0e 100644
--- a/lib/net/protocol.rb
+++ b/lib/net/protocol.rb
@@ -54,9 +54,20 @@ module Net # :nodoc:
         s.connect
       end
     end
+
+    tcp_socket_parameters = TCPSocket.instance_method(:initialize).parameters
+    TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT = if tcp_socket_parameters != [[:rest]]
+      tcp_socket_parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
+    else
+      # Use Socket.tcp to find out since there is no parameters information for TCPSocket#initialize
+      # See discussion in https://github.com/ruby/net-http/pull/224
+      Socket.method(:tcp).parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
+    end
+    private_constant :TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT
   end
 
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   class ProtocolError          < StandardError; end
   class ProtoSyntaxError       < ProtocolError; end
   class ProtoFatalError        < ProtocolError; end
@@ -66,6 +77,7 @@ module Net # :nodoc:
   class ProtoCommandError      < ProtocolError; end
   class ProtoRetriableError    < ProtocolError; end
   ProtocRetryError = ProtoRetriableError
+  # :startdoc:
 
   ##
   # OpenTimeout, a subclass of Timeout::Error, is raised if a connection cannot
@@ -78,6 +90,7 @@ module Net # :nodoc:
   # response cannot be read within the read_timeout.
 
   class ReadTimeout < Timeout::Error
+    # :stopdoc:
     def initialize(io = nil)
       @io = io
     end
@@ -97,6 +110,7 @@ module Net # :nodoc:
   # response cannot be written within the write_timeout.  Not raised on Windows.
 
   class WriteTimeout < Timeout::Error
+    # :stopdoc:
     def initialize(io = nil)
       @io = io
     end
@@ -484,6 +498,7 @@ module Net # :nodoc:
   # The writer adapter class
   #
   class WriteAdapter
+    # :stopdoc:
     def initialize(writer)
       @writer = writer
     end
diff --git a/lib/open-uri.rb b/lib/open-uri.rb
index de710af261..844865b13a 100644
--- a/lib/open-uri.rb
+++ b/lib/open-uri.rb
@@ -4,22 +4,25 @@ require 'stringio'
 require 'time'
 
 module URI
-  # Allows the opening of various resources including URIs.
+  # Allows the opening of various resources including URIs. Example:
   #
-  # If the first argument responds to the 'open' method, 'open' is called on
+  #   require "open-uri"
+  #   URI.open("http://example.com") { |f| f.read }
+  #
+  # If the first argument responds to the +open+ method, +open+ is called on
   # it with the rest of the arguments.
   #
   # If the first argument is a string that begins with <code>(protocol)://</code>, it is parsed by
-  # URI.parse.  If the parsed object responds to the 'open' method,
-  # 'open' is called on it with the rest of the arguments.
+  # URI.parse.  If the parsed object responds to the +open+ method,
+  # +open+ is called on it with the rest of the arguments.
   #
   # Otherwise, Kernel#open is called.
   #
   # OpenURI::OpenRead#open provides URI::HTTP#open, URI::HTTPS#open and
   # URI::FTP#open, Kernel#open.
   #
-  # We can accept URIs and strings that begin with http://, https:// and
-  # ftp://. In these cases, the opened file object is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
+  # We can accept URIs and strings that begin with <code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code> and
+  # <code>ftp://</code>. In these cases, the opened file object is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
   def self.open(name, *rest, &block)
     if name.respond_to?(:open)
       name.open(*rest, &block)
@@ -91,8 +94,10 @@ end
 
 module OpenURI
 
+  # The version string
   VERSION = "0.5.0"
 
+  # The default options
   Options = {
     :proxy => true,
     :proxy_http_basic_authentication => true,
@@ -394,24 +399,28 @@ module OpenURI
     end
   end
 
+  # Raised on HTTP session failure
   class HTTPError < StandardError
-    def initialize(message, io)
+    def initialize(message, io) # :nodoc:
       super(message)
       @io = io
     end
+    # StringIO having the received data
     attr_reader :io
   end
 
   # Raised on redirection,
   # only occurs when +redirect+ option for HTTP is +false+.
   class HTTPRedirect < HTTPError
-    def initialize(message, io, uri)
+    def initialize(message, io, uri) # :nodoc:
       super(message, io)
       @uri = uri
     end
+    # URI to redirect
     attr_reader :uri
   end
 
+  # Raised on too many redirection,
   class TooManyRedirects < HTTPError
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/open3/version.rb b/lib/open3/version.rb
index bfcec44ccc..322dd71e2a 100644
--- a/lib/open3/version.rb
+++ b/lib/open3/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 module Open3
+  # The version string
   VERSION = "0.2.1"
 end
diff --git a/lib/optparse.rb b/lib/optparse.rb
index fca5663eb3..97178e284b 100644
--- a/lib/optparse.rb
+++ b/lib/optparse.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #
 # See OptionParser for documentation.
 #
+require 'set' unless defined?(Set)
 
 #--
 # == Developer Documentation (not for RDoc output)
@@ -425,7 +426,9 @@
 #
 class OptionParser
   # The version string
-  OptionParser::Version = "0.7.0.dev.1"
+  VERSION = "0.8.1"
+  # An alias for compatibility
+  Version = VERSION
 
   # :stopdoc:
   NoArgument = [NO_ARGUMENT = :NONE, nil].freeze
@@ -469,7 +472,6 @@ class OptionParser
       Completion.candidate(key, icase, pat, &method(:each))
     end
 
-    public
     def complete(key, icase = false, pat = nil)
       candidates = candidate(key, icase, pat, &method(:each)).sort_by {|k, v, kn| kn.size}
       if candidates.size == 1
@@ -559,7 +561,7 @@ class OptionParser
     # Parses +arg+ and returns rest of +arg+ and matched portion to the
     # argument pattern. Yields when the pattern doesn't match substring.
     #
-    def parse_arg(arg) # :nodoc:
+    private def parse_arg(arg) # :nodoc:
       pattern or return nil, [arg]
       unless m = pattern.match(arg)
         yield(InvalidArgument, arg)
@@ -577,14 +579,13 @@ class OptionParser
       yield(InvalidArgument, arg) # didn't match whole arg
       return arg[s.length..-1], m
     end
-    private :parse_arg
 
     #
     # Parses argument, converts and returns +arg+, +block+ and result of
     # conversion. Yields at semi-error condition instead of raising an
     # exception.
     #
-    def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
+    private def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
       v, = *val
       if conv
         val = conv.call(*val)
@@ -596,7 +597,6 @@ class OptionParser
       end
       return arg, block, val
     end
-    private :conv_arg
 
     #
     # Produces the summary text. Each line of the summary is yielded to the
@@ -880,14 +880,13 @@ class OptionParser
     # +lopts+::  Long style option list.
     # +nlopts+:: Negated long style options list.
     #
-    def update(sw, sopts, lopts, nsw = nil, nlopts = nil) # :nodoc:
+    private def update(sw, sopts, lopts, nsw = nil, nlopts = nil) # :nodoc:
       sopts.each {|o| @short[o] = sw} if sopts
       lopts.each {|o| @long[o] = sw} if lopts
       nlopts.each {|o| @long[o] = nsw} if nsw and nlopts
       used = @short.invert.update(@long.invert)
       @list.delete_if {|o| Switch === o and !used[o]}
     end
-    private :update
 
     #
     # Inserts +switch+ at the head of the list, and associates short, long
@@ -1293,7 +1292,15 @@ XXX
   # to $0.
   #
   def program_name
-    @program_name || File.basename($0, '.*')
+    @program_name || strip_ext(File.basename($0))
+  end
+
+  private def strip_ext(name)  # :nodoc:
+    exts = /#{
+      require "rbconfig"
+      Regexp.union(*RbConfig::CONFIG["EXECUTABLE_EXTS"]&.split(" "))
+    }\z/o
+    name.sub(exts, "")
   end
 
   # for experimental cascading :-)
@@ -1448,14 +1455,13 @@ XXX
   # +prv+:: Previously specified argument.
   # +msg+:: Exception message.
   #
-  def notwice(obj, prv, msg) # :nodoc:
+  private def notwice(obj, prv, msg) # :nodoc:
     unless !prv or prv == obj
       raise(ArgumentError, "argument #{msg} given twice: #{obj}",
             ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(2)))
     end
     obj
   end
-  private :notwice
 
   SPLAT_PROC = proc {|*a| a.length <= 1 ? a.first : a} # :nodoc:
 
@@ -1500,9 +1506,9 @@ XXX
       case o
       when Proc, Method
         block = notwice(o, block, 'block')
-      when Array, Hash
+      when Array, Hash, Set
         if Array === o
-          o, v = o.partition {|v| Completion.completable?(v)}
+          o, v = o.partition {|v,| Completion.completable?(v)}
           values = notwice(v, values, 'values') unless v.empty?
           next if o.empty?
         end
@@ -1722,7 +1728,7 @@ XXX
     parse_in_order(argv, setter, **keywords, &nonopt)
   end
 
-  def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, exact: require_exact, **, &nonopt)  # :nodoc:
+  private def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, exact: require_exact, **, &nonopt)  # :nodoc:
     opt, arg, val, rest = nil
     nonopt ||= proc {|a| throw :terminate, a}
     argv.unshift(arg) if arg = catch(:terminate) {
@@ -1813,10 +1819,9 @@ XXX
 
     argv
   end
-  private :parse_in_order
 
   # Calls callback with _val_.
-  def callback!(cb, max_arity, *args) # :nodoc:
+  private def callback!(cb, max_arity, *args) # :nodoc:
     args.compact!
 
     if (size = args.size) < max_arity and cb.to_proc.lambda?
@@ -1826,7 +1831,6 @@ XXX
     end
     cb.call(*args)
   end
-  private :callback!
 
   #
   # Parses command line arguments +argv+ in permutation mode and returns
@@ -1846,7 +1850,7 @@ XXX
   #
   def permute!(argv = default_argv, **keywords)
     nonopts = []
-    order!(argv, **keywords, &nonopts.method(:<<))
+    order!(argv, **keywords) {|nonopt| nonopts << nonopt}
     argv[0, 0] = nonopts
     argv
   end
@@ -1899,13 +1903,16 @@ XXX
     single_options, *long_options = *args
 
     result = {}
+    setter = (symbolize_names ?
+                ->(name, val) {result[name.to_sym] = val}
+              : ->(name, val) {result[name] = val})
 
     single_options.scan(/(.)(:)?/) do |opt, val|
       if val
-        result[opt] = nil
+        setter[opt, nil]
         define("-#{opt} VAL")
       else
-        result[opt] = false
+        setter[opt, false]
         define("-#{opt}")
       end
     end if single_options
@@ -1914,16 +1921,16 @@ XXX
       arg, desc = arg.split(';', 2)
       opt, val = arg.split(':', 2)
       if val
-        result[opt] = val.empty? ? nil : val
+        setter[opt, (val unless val.empty?)]
         define("--#{opt}=#{result[opt] || "VAL"}", *[desc].compact)
       else
-        result[opt] = false
+        setter[opt, false]
         define("--#{opt}", *[desc].compact)
       end
     end
 
-    parse_in_order(argv, result.method(:[]=), **keywords)
-    symbolize_names ? result.transform_keys(&:to_sym) : result
+    parse_in_order(argv, setter, **keywords)
+    result
   end
 
   #
@@ -1937,24 +1944,22 @@ XXX
   # Traverses @stack, sending each element method +id+ with +args+ and
   # +block+.
   #
-  def visit(id, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
+  private def visit(id, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
     @stack.reverse_each do |el|
       el.__send__(id, *args, &block)
     end
     nil
   end
-  private :visit
 
   #
   # Searches +key+ in @stack for +id+ hash and returns or yields the result.
   #
-  def search(id, key) # :nodoc:
+  private def search(id, key) # :nodoc:
     block_given = block_given?
     visit(:search, id, key) do |k|
       return block_given ? yield(k) : k
     end
   end
-  private :search
 
   #
   # Completes shortened long style option switch and returns pair of
@@ -1965,7 +1970,7 @@ XXX
   # +icase+:: Search case insensitive if true.
   # +pat+::   Optional pattern for completion.
   #
-  def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat) # :nodoc:
+  private def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat) # :nodoc:
     if pat.empty?
       search(typ, opt) {|sw| return [sw, opt]} # exact match or...
     end
@@ -1973,9 +1978,8 @@ XXX
       visit(:complete, typ, opt, icase, *pat) {|o, *sw| return sw}
     }
     exc = ambiguous ? AmbiguousOption : InvalidOption
-    raise exc.new(opt, additional: self.method(:additional_message).curry[typ])
+    raise exc.new(opt, additional: proc {|o| additional_message(typ, o)})
   end
-  private :complete
 
   #
   # Returns additional info.
@@ -2038,19 +2042,27 @@ XXX
   def load(filename = nil, **keywords)
     unless filename
       basename = File.basename($0, '.*')
-      return true if load(File.expand_path(basename, '~/.options'), **keywords) rescue nil
+      return true if load(File.expand_path("~/.options/#{basename}"), **keywords) rescue nil
       basename << ".options"
+      if !(xdg = ENV['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']) or xdg.empty?
+        # https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/#variables
+        #
+        # If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, a default
+        # equal to $HOME/.config should be used.
+        xdg = ['~/.config', true]
+      end
       return [
-        # XDG
-        ENV['XDG_CONFIG_HOME'],
-        '~/.config',
+        xdg,
+
         *ENV['XDG_CONFIG_DIRS']&.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR),
 
         # Haiku
-        '~/config/settings',
-      ].any? {|dir|
+        ['~/config/settings', true],
+      ].any? {|dir, expand|
         next if !dir or dir.empty?
-        load(File.expand_path(basename, dir), **keywords) rescue nil
+        filename = File.join(dir, basename)
+        filename = File.expand_path(filename) if expand
+        load(filename, **keywords) rescue nil
       }
     end
     begin
@@ -2256,9 +2268,10 @@ XXX
       argv
     end
 
+    DIR = File.join(__dir__, '')
     def self.filter_backtrace(array)
       unless $DEBUG
-        array.delete_if(&%r"\A#{Regexp.quote(__FILE__)}:"o.method(:=~))
+        array.delete_if {|bt| bt.start_with?(DIR)}
       end
       array
     end
@@ -2301,42 +2314,42 @@ XXX
   # Raises when ambiguously completable string is encountered.
   #
   class AmbiguousOption < ParseError
-    const_set(:Reason, 'ambiguous option')
+    Reason = 'ambiguous option'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
   # Raises when there is an argument for a switch which takes no argument.
   #
   class NeedlessArgument < ParseError
-    const_set(:Reason, 'needless argument')
+    Reason = 'needless argument'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
   # Raises when a switch with mandatory argument has no argument.
   #
   class MissingArgument < ParseError
-    const_set(:Reason, 'missing argument')
+    Reason = 'missing argument'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
   # Raises when switch is undefined.
   #
   class InvalidOption < ParseError
-    const_set(:Reason, 'invalid option')
+    Reason = 'invalid option'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
   # Raises when the given argument does not match required format.
   #
   class InvalidArgument < ParseError
-    const_set(:Reason, 'invalid argument')
+    Reason = 'invalid argument'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
   # Raises when the given argument word can't be completed uniquely.
   #
   class AmbiguousArgument < InvalidArgument
-    const_set(:Reason, 'ambiguous argument')
+    Reason = 'ambiguous argument'    # :nodoc:
   end
 
   #
@@ -2435,9 +2448,11 @@ XXX
   # and DecimalNumeric. See Acceptable argument classes (in source code).
   #
   module Acceptables
-    const_set(:DecimalInteger, OptionParser::DecimalInteger)
-    const_set(:OctalInteger, OptionParser::OctalInteger)
-    const_set(:DecimalNumeric, OptionParser::DecimalNumeric)
+    # :stopdoc:
+    DecimalInteger = OptionParser::DecimalInteger
+    OctalInteger = OptionParser::OctalInteger
+    DecimalNumeric = OptionParser::DecimalNumeric
+    # :startdoc:
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/lib/optparse/optparse.gemspec b/lib/optparse/optparse.gemspec
index 8589f1857c..885b0ec380 100644
--- a/lib/optparse/optparse.gemspec
+++ b/lib/optparse/optparse.gemspec
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 name = File.basename(__FILE__, ".gemspec")
 version = ["lib", Array.new(name.count("-")+1, "..").join("/")].find do |dir|
   break File.foreach(File.join(__dir__, dir, "#{name.tr('-', '/')}.rb")) do |line|
-    /^\s*OptionParser::Version\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
+    /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
   end rescue nil
 end
 
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
 
-  spec.files         = Dir["{doc,lib,misc}/**/{*,.document}"] +
-                       %w[README.md ChangeLog COPYING .document .rdoc_options]
+  dir, gemspec = File.split(__FILE__)
+  excludes = %W[#{gemspec} rakelib test/ Gemfile Rakefile .git* .editor*].map {|n| ":^"+n}
+  spec.files = IO.popen(%w[git ls-files -z --] + excludes, chdir: dir, &:read).split("\x0")
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.executables   = []
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
diff --git a/lib/pathname.rb b/lib/pathname.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5474fb6358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pathname.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+#
+# = pathname.rb
+#
+# Object-Oriented Pathname Class
+#
+# Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
+# Documentation:: Author and Gavin Sinclair
+#
+# For documentation, see class Pathname.
+#
+class Pathname    # * Find *
+  #
+  # Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a
+  # Pathname for each file under "this" directory.
+  #
+  # Note that you need to require 'pathname' to use this method.
+  #
+  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
+  #
+  # Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can
+  # be used to control the traversal.
+  #
+  # If +self+ is +.+, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the
+  # current directory, not +./+.
+  #
+  # See Find.find
+  #
+  def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname
+    return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given?
+    require 'find'
+    if @path == '.'
+      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f.delete_prefix('./')) }
+    else
+      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
+class Pathname    # * FileUtils *
+  # Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.
+  #
+  # Note that you need to require 'pathname' to use this method.
+  #
+  # See FileUtils.rm_rf
+  def rmtree(noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
+    # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl.
+    # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree".
+    require 'fileutils'
+    FileUtils.rm_rf(@path, noop: noop, verbose: verbose, secure: secure)
+    self
+  end
+end
+
+class Pathname    # * tmpdir *
+  # call-seq:
+  #   Pathname.mktmpdir -> new_pathname
+  #   Pathname.mktmpdir {|pathname| ... } -> object
+  #
+  # Creates:
+  #
+  # - A temporary directory via Dir.mktmpdir.
+  # - A \Pathname object that contains the path to that directory.
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns the created pathname;
+  # the caller should delete the created directory when it is no longer needed
+  # (FileUtils.rm_r is a convenient method for the deletion):
+  #
+  #   pathname = Pathname.mktmpdir
+  #   dirpath = pathname.to_s
+  #   Dir.exist?(dirpath) # => true
+  #   # Do something with the directory.
+  #   require 'fileutils'
+  #   FileUtils.rm_r(dirpath)
+  #
+  # With a block given, calls the block with the created pathname;
+  # on block exit, automatically deletes the created directory and all its contents;
+  # returns the block's exit value:
+  #
+  #   pathname = Pathname.mktmpdir do |p|
+  #     # Do something with the directory.
+  #     p
+  #   end
+  #   Dir.exist?(pathname.to_s) # => false
+  def self.mktmpdir
+    require 'tmpdir' unless defined?(Dir.mktmpdir)
+    if block_given?
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        dir = self.new(dir)
+        yield dir
+      end
+    else
+      self.new(Dir.mktmpdir)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pp.rb b/lib/pp.rb
index 332062164d..5fd29a373a 100644
--- a/lib/pp.rb
+++ b/lib/pp.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ require 'prettyprint'
 class PP < PrettyPrint
 
   # The version string
-  VERSION = "0.6.2"
+  VERSION = "0.6.3"
 
   # Returns the usable width for +out+.
   # As the width of +out+:
@@ -145,21 +145,13 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
     # Yields to a block
     # and preserves the previous set of objects being printed.
     def guard_inspect_key
-      if Thread.current[:__recursive_key__] == nil
-        Thread.current[:__recursive_key__] = {}.compare_by_identity
-      end
-
-      if Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect] == nil
-        Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect] = {}.compare_by_identity
-      end
-
-      save = Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect]
-
+      recursive_state = Thread.current[:__recursive_key__] ||= {}.compare_by_identity
+      save = recursive_state[:inspect] ||= {}.compare_by_identity
       begin
-        Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect] = {}.compare_by_identity
+        recursive_state[:inspect] = {}.compare_by_identity
         yield
       ensure
-        Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect] = save
+        recursive_state[:inspect] = save
       end
     end
 
@@ -167,9 +159,8 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
     # to be pretty printed. Used to break cycles in chains of objects to be
     # pretty printed.
     def check_inspect_key(id)
-      Thread.current[:__recursive_key__] &&
-      Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect] &&
-      Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect].include?(id)
+      recursive_state = Thread.current[:__recursive_key__] or return false
+      recursive_state[:inspect]&.include?(id)
     end
 
     # Adds the object_id +id+ to the set of objects being pretty printed, so
@@ -183,10 +174,10 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
       Thread.current[:__recursive_key__][:inspect].delete id
     end
 
-    private def guard_inspect(object)
+    private def guard_inspect(object) # :nodoc:
       recursive_state = Thread.current[:__recursive_key__]
 
-      if recursive_state && recursive_state.key?(:inspect)
+      if recursive_state&.key?(:inspect)
         begin
           push_inspect_key(object)
           yield
@@ -276,15 +267,20 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
     def seplist(list, sep=nil, iter_method=:each) # :yield: element
       sep ||= lambda { comma_breakable }
       first = true
+      kwsplat = EMPTY_KWHASH
       list.__send__(iter_method) {|*v|
         if first
           first = false
         else
           sep.call
         end
-        RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0" ? yield(*v, **{}) : yield(*v)
+        kwsplat ? yield(*v, **kwsplat) : yield(*v)
       }
     end
+    EMPTY_KWHASH = if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0" # :nodoc:
+      {}.freeze
+    end
+    private_constant :EMPTY_KWHASH
 
     # A present standard failsafe for pretty printing any given Object
     def pp_object(obj)
@@ -317,12 +313,10 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
       # A pretty print for a pair of Hash
       def pp_hash_pair(k, v)
         if Symbol === k
-          sym_s = k.inspect
-          if sym_s[1].match?(/["$@!]/) || sym_s[-1].match?(/[%&*+\-\/<=>@\]^`|~]/)
-            text "#{k.to_s.inspect}:"
-          else
-            text "#{k}:"
+          if k.inspect.match?(%r[\A:["$@!]|[%&*+\-\/<=>@\]^`|~]\z])
+            k = k.to_s.inspect
           end
+          text "#{k}:"
         else
           pp k
           text ' '
@@ -394,7 +388,8 @@ class PP < PrettyPrint
     # This method should return an array of names of instance variables as symbols or strings as:
     # +[:@a, :@b]+.
     def pretty_print_instance_variables
-      instance_variables.sort
+      ivars = respond_to?(:instance_variables_to_inspect, true) ? instance_variables_to_inspect || instance_variables : instance_variables
+      ivars.sort
     end
 
     # Is #inspect implementation using #pretty_print.
@@ -437,6 +432,28 @@ class Hash # :nodoc:
   end
 end
 
+if defined?(Set)
+  if set_pp = Set.instance_method(:initialize).source_location
+    set_pp = !set_pp.first.end_with?("/set.rb") # not defined in set.rb
+  else
+    set_pp = true               # defined in C
+  end
+end
+class Set # :nodoc:
+  def pretty_print(pp)  # :nodoc:
+    pp.group(1, "#{self.class.name}[", ']') {
+      pp.seplist(self) { |o|
+        pp.pp o
+      }
+    }
+  end
+
+  def pretty_print_cycle(pp)    # :nodoc:
+    name = self.class.name
+    pp.text(empty? ? "#{name}[]" : "#{name}[...]")
+  end
+end if set_pp
+
 class << ENV # :nodoc:
   def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
     h = {}
@@ -467,6 +484,13 @@ class Struct # :nodoc:
   end
 end
 
+verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
+begin
+  has_data_define = defined?(Data.define)
+ensure
+  $VERBOSE = verbose
+end
+
 class Data # :nodoc:
   def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
     class_name = PP.mcall(self, Kernel, :class).name
@@ -499,7 +523,7 @@ class Data # :nodoc:
   def pretty_print_cycle(q) # :nodoc:
     q.text sprintf("#<data %s:...>", PP.mcall(self, Kernel, :class).name)
   end
-end if defined?(Data.define)
+end if has_data_define
 
 class Range # :nodoc:
   def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
diff --git a/lib/prettyprint.rb b/lib/prettyprint.rb
index 6f50192f5d..44ca5e816f 100644
--- a/lib/prettyprint.rb
+++ b/lib/prettyprint.rb
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #
 class PrettyPrint
 
+  # The version string
   VERSION = "0.2.0"
 
   # This is a convenience method which is same as follows:
@@ -486,8 +487,10 @@ class PrettyPrint
   # It is passed to be similar to a PrettyPrint object itself, by responding to:
   # * #text
   # * #breakable
+  # * #fill_breakable
   # * #nest
   # * #group
+  # * #group_sub
   # * #flush
   # * #first?
   #
@@ -521,6 +524,13 @@ class PrettyPrint
       @output << sep
     end
 
+    # Appends +sep+ to the text to be output. By default +sep+ is ' '
+    #
+    # +width+ argument is here for compatibility. It is a noop argument.
+    def fill_breakable(sep=' ', width=nil)
+      @output << sep
+    end
+
     # Takes +indent+ arg, but does nothing with it.
     #
     # Yields to a block.
@@ -544,6 +554,15 @@ class PrettyPrint
       @first.pop
     end
 
+    # Yields to a block for compatibility.
+    def group_sub # :nodoc:
+      yield
+    end
+
+    # Method present for compatibility, but is a noop
+    def break_outmost_groups # :nodoc:
+    end
+
     # Method present for compatibility, but is a noop
     def flush # :nodoc:
     end
diff --git a/lib/prism.rb b/lib/prism.rb
index 6cae171f5e..8f0342724a 100644
--- a/lib/prism.rb
+++ b/lib/prism.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 # The Prism Ruby parser.
 #
@@ -19,9 +22,8 @@ module Prism
   autoload :DSL, "prism/dsl"
   autoload :InspectVisitor, "prism/inspect_visitor"
   autoload :LexCompat, "prism/lex_compat"
-  autoload :LexRipper, "prism/lex_compat"
   autoload :MutationCompiler, "prism/mutation_compiler"
-  autoload :Pack, "prism/pack"
+  autoload :NodeFind, "prism/node_find"
   autoload :Pattern, "prism/pattern"
   autoload :Reflection, "prism/reflection"
   autoload :Relocation, "prism/relocation"
@@ -33,41 +35,95 @@ module Prism
   # Some of these constants are not meant to be exposed, so marking them as
   # private here.
 
-  private_constant :LexCompat
-  private_constant :LexRipper
+  if RUBY_ENGINE != "jruby"
+    private_constant :LexCompat
+    private_constant :NodeFind
+  end
+
+  # Raised when requested to parse as the currently running Ruby version but Prism has no support for it.
+  class CurrentVersionError < ArgumentError
+    # Initialize a new exception for the given ruby version string.
+    #--
+    #: (String version) -> void
+    def initialize(version)
+      message = +"invalid version: Requested to parse as `version: 'current'`; "
+      major, minor, =
+        if version.match?(/\A\d+\.\d+.\d+\z/)
+          version.split(".").map(&:to_i)
+        end
+
+      if major && minor && ((major < 3) || (major == 3 && minor < 3))
+        message << " #{version} is below the minimum supported syntax."
+      else
+        message << " #{version} is unknown. Please update the `prism` gem."
+      end
+
+      super(message)
+    end
+  end
 
   # :call-seq:
-  #   Prism::lex_compat(source, **options) -> LexCompat::Result
+  #   lex_compat(source, **options) -> LexCompat::Result
   #
   # Returns a parse result whose value is an array of tokens that closely
-  # resembles the return value of Ripper::lex. The main difference is that the
-  # `:on_sp` token is not emitted.
+  # resembles the return value of Ripper.lex.
   #
-  # For supported options, see Prism::parse.
+  # For supported options, see Prism.parse.
+  #--
+  #: (String source, **untyped options) -> LexCompat::Result
   def self.lex_compat(source, **options)
     LexCompat.new(source, **options).result # steep:ignore
   end
 
   # :call-seq:
-  #   Prism::lex_ripper(source) -> Array
-  #
-  # This lexes with the Ripper lex. It drops any space events but otherwise
-  # returns the same tokens. Raises SyntaxError if the syntax in source is
-  # invalid.
-  def self.lex_ripper(source)
-    LexRipper.new(source).result # steep:ignore
-  end
-
-  # :call-seq:
-  #   Prism::load(source, serialized, freeze) -> ParseResult
+  #   load(source, serialized, freeze) -> ParseResult
   #
   # Load the serialized AST using the source as a reference into a tree.
+  #--
+  #: (String source, String serialized, ?bool freeze) -> ParseResult
   def self.load(source, serialized, freeze = false)
     Serialize.load_parse(source, serialized, freeze)
   end
+
+  # Given a Method, UnboundMethod, Proc, or Thread::Backtrace::Location,
+  # returns the Prism node representing it. On CRuby, this uses node_id for
+  # an exact match. On other implementations, it falls back to best-effort
+  # matching by source location line number.
+  #--
+  #: (Method | UnboundMethod | Proc | Thread::Backtrace::Location callable, ?rubyvm: bool) -> Node?
+  def self.find(callable, rubyvm: !!defined?(RubyVM))
+    NodeFind.find(callable, rubyvm)
+  end
+
+  # @rbs!
+  #    VERSION: String
+  #    BACKEND: :CEXT | :FFI
+  #
+  #    interface _Stream
+  #      def gets: (?Integer integer) -> (String | nil)
+  #    end
+  #
+  #    def self.parse:               (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> ParseResult
+  #    def self.profile:             (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> void
+  #    def self.lex:                 (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> LexResult
+  #    def self.parse_lex:           (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> ParseLexResult
+  #    def self.dump:                (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> String
+  #    def self.parse_comments:      (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> Array[Comment]
+  #    def self.parse_success?:      (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> bool
+  #    def self.parse_failure?:      (String source,  ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> bool
+  #    def self.parse_stream:        (_Stream stream, ?filepath: String, ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> ParseResult
+  #    def self.parse_file:          (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> ParseResult
+  #    def self.profile_file:        (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> void
+  #    def self.lex_file:            (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> LexResult
+  #    def self.parse_lex_file:      (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> ParseLexResult
+  #    def self.dump_file:           (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> String
+  #    def self.parse_file_comments: (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> Array[Comment]
+  #    def self.parse_file_success?: (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> bool
+  #    def self.parse_file_failure?: (String filepath,                   ?command_line: String, ?encoding: Encoding | false, ?freeze: bool, ?frozen_string_literal: bool, ?line: Integer, ?main_script: bool, ?partial_script: bool, ?scopes: Array[Array[Symbol]], ?version: String) -> bool
 end
 
 require_relative "prism/polyfill/byteindex"
+require_relative "prism/polyfill/warn"
 require_relative "prism/node"
 require_relative "prism/node_ext"
 require_relative "prism/parse_result"
diff --git a/lib/prism/desugar_compiler.rb b/lib/prism/desugar_compiler.rb
index e3b15fc3b0..c64d03f64a 100644
--- a/lib/prism/desugar_compiler.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/desugar_compiler.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   class DesugarAndWriteNode # :nodoc:
     include DSL
 
-    attr_reader :node, :default_source, :read_class, :write_class, :arguments
+    attr_reader :node #: ClassVariableAndWriteNode | ConstantAndWriteNode | GlobalVariableAndWriteNode | InstanceVariableAndWriteNode | LocalVariableAndWriteNode
+    attr_reader :default_source #: Source
+    attr_reader :read_class, :write_class #: Symbol
+    attr_reader :arguments #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
 
+    #: ((ClassVariableAndWriteNode | ConstantAndWriteNode | GlobalVariableAndWriteNode | InstanceVariableAndWriteNode | LocalVariableAndWriteNode) node, Source default_source, Symbol read_class, Symbol write_class, **untyped arguments) -> void
     def initialize(node, default_source, read_class, write_class, **arguments)
       @node = node
       @default_source = default_source
@@ -15,6 +22,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Desugar `x &&= y` to `x && x = y`
+    #--
+    #: () -> node
     def compile
       and_node(
         location: node.location,
@@ -35,8 +44,12 @@ module Prism
   class DesugarOrWriteDefinedNode # :nodoc:
     include DSL
 
-    attr_reader :node, :default_source, :read_class, :write_class, :arguments
+    attr_reader :node #: ClassVariableOrWriteNode | ConstantOrWriteNode | GlobalVariableOrWriteNode
+    attr_reader :default_source #: Source
+    attr_reader :read_class, :write_class #: Symbol
+    attr_reader :arguments #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
 
+    #: ((ClassVariableOrWriteNode | ConstantOrWriteNode | GlobalVariableOrWriteNode) node, Source default_source, Symbol read_class, Symbol write_class, **untyped arguments) -> void
     def initialize(node, default_source, read_class, write_class, **arguments)
       @node = node
       @default_source = default_source
@@ -46,6 +59,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Desugar `x ||= y` to `defined?(x) ? x : x = y`
+    #--
+    #: () -> node
     def compile
       if_node(
         location: node.location,
@@ -86,8 +101,12 @@ module Prism
   class DesugarOperatorWriteNode # :nodoc:
     include DSL
 
-    attr_reader :node, :default_source, :read_class, :write_class, :arguments
+    attr_reader :node #: ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode | ConstantOperatorWriteNode | GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode | InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode | LocalVariableOperatorWriteNode
+    attr_reader :default_source #: Source
+    attr_reader :read_class, :write_class #: Symbol
+    attr_reader :arguments #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
 
+    #: ((ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode | ConstantOperatorWriteNode | GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode | InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode | LocalVariableOperatorWriteNode) node, Source default_source, Symbol read_class, Symbol write_class, **untyped arguments) -> void
     def initialize(node, default_source, read_class, write_class, **arguments)
       @node = node
       @default_source = default_source
@@ -97,6 +116,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Desugar `x += y` to `x = x + y`
+    #--
+    #: () -> node
     def compile
       binary_operator_loc = node.binary_operator_loc.chop
 
@@ -130,8 +151,12 @@ module Prism
   class DesugarOrWriteNode # :nodoc:
     include DSL
 
-    attr_reader :node, :default_source, :read_class, :write_class, :arguments
+    attr_reader :node #: InstanceVariableOrWriteNode | LocalVariableOrWriteNode
+    attr_reader :default_source #: Source
+    attr_reader :read_class, :write_class #: Symbol
+    attr_reader :arguments #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
 
+    #: ((InstanceVariableOrWriteNode | LocalVariableOrWriteNode) node, Source default_source, Symbol read_class, Symbol write_class, **untyped arguments) -> void
     def initialize(node, default_source, read_class, write_class, **arguments)
       @node = node
       @default_source = default_source
@@ -141,6 +166,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Desugar `x ||= y` to `x || x = y`
+    #--
+    #: () -> node
     def compile
       or_node(
         location: node.location,
@@ -161,90 +188,105 @@ module Prism
   private_constant :DesugarAndWriteNode, :DesugarOrWriteNode, :DesugarOrWriteDefinedNode, :DesugarOperatorWriteNode
 
   class ClassVariableAndWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarAndWriteNode.new(self, source, :class_variable_read_node, :class_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class ClassVariableOrWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOrWriteDefinedNode.new(self, source, :class_variable_read_node, :class_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOperatorWriteNode.new(self, source, :class_variable_read_node, :class_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class ConstantAndWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarAndWriteNode.new(self, source, :constant_read_node, :constant_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class ConstantOrWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOrWriteDefinedNode.new(self, source, :constant_read_node, :constant_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class ConstantOperatorWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOperatorWriteNode.new(self, source, :constant_read_node, :constant_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class GlobalVariableAndWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarAndWriteNode.new(self, source, :global_variable_read_node, :global_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class GlobalVariableOrWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOrWriteDefinedNode.new(self, source, :global_variable_read_node, :global_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOperatorWriteNode.new(self, source, :global_variable_read_node, :global_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class InstanceVariableAndWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarAndWriteNode.new(self, source, :instance_variable_read_node, :instance_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class InstanceVariableOrWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOrWriteNode.new(self, source, :instance_variable_read_node, :instance_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOperatorWriteNode.new(self, source, :instance_variable_read_node, :instance_variable_write_node, name: name).compile
     end
   end
 
   class LocalVariableAndWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarAndWriteNode.new(self, source, :local_variable_read_node, :local_variable_write_node, name: name, depth: depth).compile
     end
   end
 
   class LocalVariableOrWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOrWriteNode.new(self, source, :local_variable_read_node, :local_variable_write_node, name: name, depth: depth).compile
     end
   end
 
   class LocalVariableOperatorWriteNode
+    #: () -> node
     def desugar # :nodoc:
       DesugarOperatorWriteNode.new(self, source, :local_variable_read_node, :local_variable_write_node, name: name, depth: depth).compile
     end
@@ -253,137 +295,167 @@ module Prism
   # DesugarCompiler is a compiler that desugars Ruby code into a more primitive
   # form. This is useful for consumers that want to deal with fewer node types.
   class DesugarCompiler < MutationCompiler
-    # @@foo &&= bar
+    # `@@foo &&= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # @@foo && @@foo = bar
+    # `@@foo && @@foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ClassVariableAndWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_class_variable_and_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # @@foo ||= bar
+    # `@@foo ||= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # defined?(@@foo) ? @@foo : @@foo = bar
+    # `defined?(@@foo) ? @@foo : @@foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ClassVariableOrWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_class_variable_or_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # @@foo += bar
+    # `@@foo += bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # @@foo = @@foo + bar
+    # `@@foo = @@foo + bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_class_variable_operator_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # Foo &&= bar
+    # `Foo &&= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # Foo && Foo = bar
+    # `Foo && Foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ConstantAndWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_constant_and_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # Foo ||= bar
+    # `Foo ||= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # defined?(Foo) ? Foo : Foo = bar
+    # `defined?(Foo) ? Foo : Foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ConstantOrWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_constant_or_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # Foo += bar
+    # `Foo += bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # Foo = Foo + bar
+    # `Foo = Foo + bar`
+    #--
+    #: (ConstantOperatorWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_constant_operator_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # $foo &&= bar
+    # `$foo &&= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # $foo && $foo = bar
+    # `$foo && $foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (GlobalVariableAndWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_global_variable_and_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # $foo ||= bar
+    # `$foo ||= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # defined?($foo) ? $foo : $foo = bar
+    # `defined?($foo) ? $foo : $foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (GlobalVariableOrWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_global_variable_or_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # $foo += bar
+    # `$foo += bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # $foo = $foo + bar
+    # `$foo = $foo + bar`
+    #--
+    #: (GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_global_variable_operator_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # @foo &&= bar
+    # `@foo &&= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # @foo && @foo = bar
+    # `@foo && @foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (InstanceVariableAndWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_instance_variable_and_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # @foo ||= bar
+    # `@foo ||= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # @foo || @foo = bar
+    # `@foo || @foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (InstanceVariableOrWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_instance_variable_or_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # @foo += bar
+    # `@foo += bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # @foo = @foo + bar
+    # `@foo = @foo + bar`
+    #--
+    #: (InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_instance_variable_operator_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # foo &&= bar
+    # `foo &&= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # foo && foo = bar
+    # `foo && foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (LocalVariableAndWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_local_variable_and_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # foo ||= bar
+    # `foo ||= bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # foo || foo = bar
+    # `foo || foo = bar`
+    #--
+    #: (LocalVariableOrWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_local_variable_or_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
 
-    # foo += bar
+    # `foo += bar`
     #
     # becomes
     #
-    # foo = foo + bar
+    # `foo = foo + bar`
+    #--
+    #: (LocalVariableOperatorWriteNode node) -> node
     def visit_local_variable_operator_write_node(node)
       node.desugar
     end
diff --git a/lib/prism/ffi.rb b/lib/prism/ffi.rb
index 35b91e41b2..6b9bde51ea 100644
--- a/lib/prism/ffi.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/ffi.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 # typed: ignore
 
 # This file is responsible for mirroring the API provided by the C extension by
@@ -7,7 +8,11 @@
 require "rbconfig"
 require "ffi"
 
-module Prism
+# We want to eagerly load this file if there are Ractors so that it does not get
+# autoloaded from within a non-main Ractor.
+require "prism/serialize" if defined?(Ractor)
+
+module Prism # :nodoc:
   module LibRubyParser # :nodoc:
     extend FFI::Library
 
@@ -54,6 +59,9 @@ module Prism
         # We only want to load the functions that we are interested in.
         next unless functions.any? { |function| line.include?(function) }
 
+        # Strip trailing attributes (PRISM_NODISCARD, PRISM_NONNULL(...), etc.)
+        line = line.sub(/\)(\s+PRISM_\w+(?:\([^)]*\))?)+\s*;/, ");")
+
         # Parse the function declaration.
         unless /^PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION (?<return_type>.+) (?<name>\w+)\((?<arg_types>.+)\);$/ =~ line
           raise "Could not parse #{line}"
@@ -80,29 +88,44 @@ module Prism
       raise "Could not find functions #{functions.inspect}" unless functions.empty?
     end
 
-    callback :pm_parse_stream_fgets_t, [:pointer, :int, :pointer], :pointer
-    enum :pm_string_init_result_t, %i[PM_STRING_INIT_SUCCESS PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_GENERIC PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_DIRECTORY]
+    callback :pm_source_stream_fgets_t, [:pointer, :int, :pointer], :pointer
+    callback :pm_source_stream_feof_t, [:pointer], :int
+    pm_source_init_result_values = %i[PM_SOURCE_INIT_SUCCESS PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_GENERIC PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_DIRECTORY PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_NON_REGULAR]
+    enum :pm_source_init_result_t, pm_source_init_result_values
     enum :pm_string_query_t, [:PM_STRING_QUERY_ERROR, -1, :PM_STRING_QUERY_FALSE, :PM_STRING_QUERY_TRUE]
 
+    # Ractor-safe lookup table for pm_source_init_result_t, since FFI's
+    # enum_type accesses module instance variables that are not shareable.
+    SOURCE_INIT_RESULT = pm_source_init_result_values.freeze
+
     load_exported_functions_from(
-      "prism.h",
+      "prism/version.h",
       "pm_version",
+      []
+    )
+
+    load_exported_functions_from(
+      "prism/serialize.h",
       "pm_serialize_parse",
       "pm_serialize_parse_stream",
       "pm_serialize_parse_comments",
       "pm_serialize_lex",
       "pm_serialize_parse_lex",
-      "pm_parse_success_p",
+      "pm_serialize_parse_success_p",
+      []
+    )
+
+    load_exported_functions_from(
+      "prism/string_query.h",
       "pm_string_query_local",
       "pm_string_query_constant",
       "pm_string_query_method_name",
-      [:pm_parse_stream_fgets_t]
+      []
     )
 
     load_exported_functions_from(
-      "prism/util/pm_buffer.h",
-      "pm_buffer_sizeof",
-      "pm_buffer_init",
+      "prism/buffer.h",
+      "pm_buffer_new",
       "pm_buffer_value",
       "pm_buffer_length",
       "pm_buffer_free",
@@ -110,20 +133,19 @@ module Prism
     )
 
     load_exported_functions_from(
-      "prism/util/pm_string.h",
-      "pm_string_mapped_init",
-      "pm_string_free",
-      "pm_string_source",
-      "pm_string_length",
-      "pm_string_sizeof",
-      []
+      "prism/source.h",
+      "pm_source_file_new",
+      "pm_source_mapped_new",
+      "pm_source_stream_new",
+      "pm_source_free",
+      "pm_source_source",
+      "pm_source_length",
+      [:pm_source_stream_fgets_t, :pm_source_stream_feof_t]
     )
 
     # This object represents a pm_buffer_t. We only use it as an opaque pointer,
     # so it doesn't need to know the fields of pm_buffer_t.
     class PrismBuffer # :nodoc:
-      SIZEOF = LibRubyParser.pm_buffer_sizeof
-
       attr_reader :pointer
 
       def initialize(pointer)
@@ -145,19 +167,22 @@ module Prism
       # Initialize a new buffer and yield it to the block. The buffer will be
       # automatically freed when the block returns.
       def self.with
-        FFI::MemoryPointer.new(SIZEOF) do |pointer|
-          raise unless LibRubyParser.pm_buffer_init(pointer)
-          return yield new(pointer)
+        buffer = LibRubyParser.pm_buffer_new
+        raise unless buffer
+
+        begin
+          yield new(buffer)
         ensure
-          LibRubyParser.pm_buffer_free(pointer)
+          LibRubyParser.pm_buffer_free(buffer)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    # This object represents a pm_string_t. We only use it as an opaque pointer,
-    # so it doesn't have to be an FFI::Struct.
-    class PrismString # :nodoc:
-      SIZEOF = LibRubyParser.pm_string_sizeof
+    # This object represents source code to be parsed. For strings it wraps a
+    # pointer directly; for files it uses a pm_source_t under the hood.
+    class PrismSource # :nodoc:
+      PLATFORM_EXPECTS_UTF8 =
+        RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"].match?(/bccwin|cygwin|djgpp|mingw|mswin|wince|darwin/i)
 
       attr_reader :pointer, :length
 
@@ -172,7 +197,7 @@ module Prism
         @pointer.read_string(@length)
       end
 
-      # Yields a pm_string_t pointer to the given block.
+      # Yields a PrismSource backed by the given string to the block.
       def self.with_string(string)
         raise TypeError unless string.is_a?(String)
 
@@ -186,33 +211,38 @@ module Prism
         end
       end
 
-      # Yields a pm_string_t pointer to the given block.
+      # Yields a PrismSource to the given block, backed by a pm_source_t.
       def self.with_file(filepath)
         raise TypeError unless filepath.is_a?(String)
 
         # On Windows and Mac, it's expected that filepaths will be encoded in
         # UTF-8. If they are not, we need to convert them to UTF-8 before
-        # passing them into pm_string_mapped_init.
-        if RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"].match?(/bccwin|cygwin|djgpp|mingw|mswin|wince|darwin/i) &&
-           (encoding = filepath.encoding) != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT && encoding != Encoding::UTF_8
+        # passing them into pm_source_mapped_new.
+        if PLATFORM_EXPECTS_UTF8 && (encoding = filepath.encoding) != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT && encoding != Encoding::UTF_8
           filepath = filepath.encode(Encoding::UTF_8)
         end
 
-        FFI::MemoryPointer.new(SIZEOF) do |pm_string|
-          case (result = LibRubyParser.pm_string_mapped_init(pm_string, filepath))
-          when :PM_STRING_INIT_SUCCESS
-            pointer = LibRubyParser.pm_string_source(pm_string)
-            length = LibRubyParser.pm_string_length(pm_string)
+        FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:int) do |result_ptr|
+          pm_source = LibRubyParser.pm_source_mapped_new(filepath, 0, result_ptr)
+
+          case SOURCE_INIT_RESULT[result_ptr.read_int]
+          when :PM_SOURCE_INIT_SUCCESS
+            pointer = LibRubyParser.pm_source_source(pm_source)
+            length = LibRubyParser.pm_source_length(pm_source)
             return yield new(pointer, length, false)
-          when :PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_GENERIC
+          when :PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_GENERIC
             raise SystemCallError.new(filepath, FFI.errno)
-          when :PM_STRING_INIT_ERROR_DIRECTORY
+          when :PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_DIRECTORY
             raise Errno::EISDIR.new(filepath)
+          when :PM_SOURCE_INIT_ERROR_NON_REGULAR
+            # Fall back to reading the file through Ruby IO for non-regular
+            # files (pipes, character devices, etc.)
+            return with_string(File.read(filepath)) { |string| yield string }
           else
-            raise "Unknown error initializing pm_string_t: #{result.inspect}"
+            raise "Unknown error initializing pm_source_t: #{result_ptr.read_int}"
           end
         ensure
-          LibRubyParser.pm_string_free(pm_string)
+          LibRubyParser.pm_source_free(pm_source) if pm_source && !pm_source.null?
         end
       end
     end
@@ -223,34 +253,34 @@ module Prism
   private_constant :LibRubyParser
 
   # The version constant is set by reading the result of calling pm_version.
-  VERSION = LibRubyParser.pm_version.read_string
+  VERSION = LibRubyParser.pm_version.read_string.freeze
 
   class << self
     # Mirror the Prism.dump API by using the serialization API.
     def dump(source, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(source) { |string| dump_common(string, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(source) { |string| dump_common(string, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.dump_file API by using the serialization API.
     def dump_file(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| dump_common(string, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| dump_common(string, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.lex API by using the serialization API.
     def lex(code, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(code) { |string| lex_common(string, code, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(code) { |string| lex_common(string, code, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.lex_file API by using the serialization API.
     def lex_file(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| lex_common(string, string.read, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| lex_common(string, string.read, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse API by using the serialization API.
     def parse(code, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(code) { |string| parse_common(string, code, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(code) { |string| parse_common(string, code, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_file API by using the serialization API. This uses
@@ -258,7 +288,7 @@ module Prism
     # when it is available.
     def parse_file(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_common(string, string.read, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_common(string, string.read, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_stream API by using the serialization API.
@@ -274,19 +304,21 @@ module Prism
           end
         }
 
-        # In the pm_serialize_parse_stream function it accepts a pointer to the
-        # IO object as a void* and then passes it through to the callback as the
-        # third argument, but it never touches it itself. As such, since we have
-        # access to the IO object already through the closure of the lambda, we
-        # can pass a null pointer here and not worry.
-        LibRubyParser.pm_serialize_parse_stream(buffer.pointer, nil, callback, dump_options(options))
-        Prism.load(source, buffer.read, options.fetch(:freeze, false))
+        eof_callback = -> (_) { stream.eof?  }
+
+        pm_source = LibRubyParser.pm_source_stream_new(nil, callback, eof_callback)
+        begin
+          LibRubyParser.pm_serialize_parse_stream(buffer.pointer, pm_source, dump_options(options))
+          Prism.load(source, buffer.read, options.fetch(:freeze, false))
+        ensure
+          LibRubyParser.pm_source_free(pm_source) if pm_source && !pm_source.null?
+        end
       end
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_comments API by using the serialization API.
     def parse_comments(code, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(code) { |string| parse_comments_common(string, code, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(code) { |string| parse_comments_common(string, code, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_file_comments API by using the serialization
@@ -294,23 +326,23 @@ module Prism
     # to use mmap when it is available.
     def parse_file_comments(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_comments_common(string, string.read, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_comments_common(string, string.read, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_lex API by using the serialization API.
     def parse_lex(code, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(code) { |string| parse_lex_common(string, code, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(code) { |string| parse_lex_common(string, code, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_lex_file API by using the serialization API.
     def parse_lex_file(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_lex_common(string, string.read, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_lex_common(string, string.read, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_success? API by using the serialization API.
     def parse_success?(code, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(code) { |string| parse_file_success_common(string, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(code) { |string| parse_file_success_common(string, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_failure? API by using the serialization API.
@@ -321,7 +353,7 @@ module Prism
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_file_success? API by using the serialization API.
     def parse_file_success?(filepath, **options)
       options[:filepath] = filepath
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_file_success_common(string, options) }
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) { |string| parse_file_success_common(string, options) }
     end
 
     # Mirror the Prism.parse_file_failure? API by using the serialization API.
@@ -331,7 +363,7 @@ module Prism
 
     # Mirror the Prism.profile API by using the serialization API.
     def profile(source, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_string(source) do |string|
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_string(source) do |string|
         LibRubyParser::PrismBuffer.with do |buffer|
           LibRubyParser.pm_serialize_parse(buffer.pointer, string.pointer, string.length, dump_options(options))
           nil
@@ -341,7 +373,7 @@ module Prism
 
     # Mirror the Prism.profile_file API by using the serialization API.
     def profile_file(filepath, **options)
-      LibRubyParser::PrismString.with_file(filepath) do |string|
+      LibRubyParser::PrismSource.with_file(filepath) do |string|
         LibRubyParser::PrismBuffer.with do |buffer|
           options[:filepath] = filepath
           LibRubyParser.pm_serialize_parse(buffer.pointer, string.pointer, string.length, dump_options(options))
@@ -390,7 +422,7 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     def parse_file_success_common(string, options) # :nodoc:
-      LibRubyParser.pm_parse_success_p(string.pointer, string.length, dump_options(options))
+      LibRubyParser.pm_serialize_parse_success_p(string.pointer, string.length, dump_options(options))
     end
 
     # Return the value that should be dumped for the command_line option.
@@ -414,16 +446,35 @@ module Prism
     # Return the value that should be dumped for the version option.
     def dump_options_version(version)
       case version
-      when nil, "latest"
-        0
+      when "current"
+        version_string_to_number(RUBY_VERSION) || raise(CurrentVersionError, RUBY_VERSION)
+      when "latest", nil
+        0 # Handled in pm_parser_init
+      when "nearest"
+        dump = version_string_to_number(RUBY_VERSION)
+        return dump if dump
+        if RUBY_VERSION < "3.3"
+          version_string_to_number("3.3")
+        else
+          0 # Handled in pm_parser_init
+        end
+      else
+        version_string_to_number(version) || raise(ArgumentError, "invalid version: #{version}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Converts a version string like "4.0.0" or "4.0" into a number.
+    # Returns nil if the version is unknown.
+    def version_string_to_number(version)
+      case version
       when /\A3\.3(\.\d+)?\z/
         1
       when /\A3\.4(\.\d+)?\z/
         2
-      when /\A3\.5(\.\d+)?\z/
-        0
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "invalid version: #{version}"
+      when /\A3\.5(\.\d+)?\z/, /\A4\.0(\.\d+)?\z/
+        3
+      when /\A4\.1(\.\d+)?\z/
+        4
       end
     end
 
@@ -525,7 +576,7 @@ module Prism
 
   # Here we are going to patch StringQuery to put in the class-level methods so
   # that it can maintain a consistent interface
-  class StringQuery
+  class StringQuery # :nodoc:
     class << self
       # Mirrors the C extension's StringQuery::local? method.
       def local?(string)
diff --git a/lib/prism/lex_compat.rb b/lib/prism/lex_compat.rb
index a83c24cb41..7aacec037d 100644
--- a/lib/prism/lex_compat.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/lex_compat.rb
@@ -1,28 +1,64 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "delegate"
-require "ripper"
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
+  # @rbs!
+  #    module Translation
+  #      class Ripper
+  #        EXPR_NONE: Integer
+  #        EXPR_BEG: Integer
+  #        EXPR_MID: Integer
+  #        EXPR_END: Integer
+  #        EXPR_CLASS: Integer
+  #        EXPR_VALUE: Integer
+  #        EXPR_ARG: Integer
+  #        EXPR_CMDARG: Integer
+  #        EXPR_ENDARG: Integer
+  #        EXPR_ENDFN: Integer
+  #
+  #        class Lexer < Ripper
+  #          class State
+  #            def self.[]: (Integer value) -> State
+  #          end
+  #        end
+  #
+  #        class LineAndColumnCache
+  #          def initialize: (Source source) -> void
+  #
+  #          def line_and_column: (Integer byte_offset) -> [Integer, Integer]
+  #        end
+  #      end
+  #    end
+
   # This class is responsible for lexing the source using prism and then
   # converting those tokens to be compatible with Ripper. In the vast majority
   # of cases, this is a one-to-one mapping of the token type. Everything else
   # generally lines up. However, there are a few cases that require special
   # handling.
   class LexCompat # :nodoc:
+    # @rbs!
+    #    # A token produced by the Ripper lexer that Prism is replicating.
+    #    type lex_compat_token = [[Integer, Integer], Symbol, String, untyped]
+
     # A result class specialized for holding tokens produced by the lexer.
     class Result < Prism::Result
       # The list of tokens that were produced by the lexer.
-      attr_reader :value
+      attr_reader :value #: Array[lex_compat_token]
 
       # Create a new lex compat result object with the given values.
-      def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+      #--
+      #: (Array[lex_compat_token] value, Array[Comment] comments, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+      def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
         @value = value
-        super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+        super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
       end
 
       # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Result.
-      def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+      #--
+      #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+      def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
         super.merge!(value: value)
       end
     end
@@ -104,6 +140,7 @@ module Prism
       KEYWORD_DEF: :on_kw,
       KEYWORD_DEFINED: :on_kw,
       KEYWORD_DO: :on_kw,
+      KEYWORD_DO_BLOCK: :on_kw,
       KEYWORD_DO_LOOP: :on_kw,
       KEYWORD_ELSE: :on_kw,
       KEYWORD_ELSIF: :on_kw,
@@ -198,93 +235,6 @@ module Prism
       "__END__": :on___end__
     }.freeze
 
-    # When we produce tokens, we produce the same arrays that Ripper does.
-    # However, we add a couple of convenience methods onto them to make them a
-    # little easier to work with. We delegate all other methods to the array.
-    class Token < SimpleDelegator
-      # @dynamic initialize, each, []
-
-      # The location of the token in the source.
-      def location
-        self[0]
-      end
-
-      # The type of the token.
-      def event
-        self[1]
-      end
-
-      # The slice of the source that this token represents.
-      def value
-        self[2]
-      end
-
-      # The state of the lexer when this token was produced.
-      def state
-        self[3]
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Ripper doesn't include the rest of the token in the event, so we need to
-    # trim it down to just the content on the first line when comparing.
-    class EndContentToken < Token
-      def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-        [self[0], self[1], self[2][0..self[2].index("\n")], self[3]] == other
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Tokens where state should be ignored
-    # used for :on_comment, :on_heredoc_end, :on_embexpr_end
-    class IgnoreStateToken < Token
-      def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-        self[0...-1] == other[0...-1]
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Ident tokens for the most part are exactly the same, except sometimes we
-    # know an ident is a local when ripper doesn't (when they are introduced
-    # through named captures in regular expressions). In that case we don't
-    # compare the state.
-    class IdentToken < Token
-      def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-        (self[0...-1] == other[0...-1]) && (
-          (other[3] == Ripper::EXPR_LABEL | Ripper::EXPR_END) ||
-          (other[3] & Ripper::EXPR_ARG_ANY != 0)
-        )
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Ignored newlines can occasionally have a LABEL state attached to them, so
-    # we compare the state differently here.
-    class IgnoredNewlineToken < Token
-      def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-        return false unless self[0...-1] == other[0...-1]
-
-        if self[3] == Ripper::EXPR_ARG | Ripper::EXPR_LABELED
-          other[3] & Ripper::EXPR_ARG | Ripper::EXPR_LABELED != 0
-        else
-          self[3] == other[3]
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # If we have an identifier that follows a method name like:
-    #
-    #     def foo bar
-    #
-    # then Ripper will mark bar as END|LABEL if there is a local in a parent
-    # scope named bar because it hasn't pushed the local table yet. We do this
-    # more accurately, so we need to allow comparing against both END and
-    # END|LABEL.
-    class ParamToken < Token
-      def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-        (self[0...-1] == other[0...-1]) && (
-          (other[3] == Ripper::EXPR_END) ||
-          (other[3] == Ripper::EXPR_END | Ripper::EXPR_LABEL)
-        )
-      end
-    end
-
     # A heredoc in this case is a list of tokens that belong to the body of the
     # heredoc that should be appended onto the list of tokens when the heredoc
     # closes.
@@ -294,16 +244,19 @@ module Prism
       # order back into the token stream and set the state of the last token to
       # the state that the heredoc was opened in.
       class PlainHeredoc # :nodoc:
-        attr_reader :tokens
+        attr_reader :tokens #: Array[lex_compat_token]
 
+        #: () -> void
         def initialize
           @tokens = []
         end
 
+        #: (lex_compat_token token) -> void
         def <<(token)
           tokens << token
         end
 
+        #: () -> Array[lex_compat_token]
         def to_a
           tokens
         end
@@ -313,22 +266,26 @@ module Prism
       # that need to be split on "\\\n" to mimic Ripper's behavior. We also need
       # to keep track of the state that the heredoc was opened in.
       class DashHeredoc # :nodoc:
-        attr_reader :split, :tokens
+        attr_reader :split #: bool
+        attr_reader :tokens #: Array[lex_compat_token]
 
+        #: (bool split) -> void
         def initialize(split)
           @split = split
           @tokens = []
         end
 
+        #: (lex_compat_token token) -> void
         def <<(token)
           tokens << token
         end
 
+        #: () -> Array[lex_compat_token]
         def to_a
           embexpr_balance = 0
 
-          tokens.each_with_object([]) do |token, results| #$ Array[Token]
-            case token.event
+          tokens.each_with_object([]) do |token, results| #$ Array[lex_compat_token]
+            case token[1]
             when :on_embexpr_beg
               embexpr_balance += 1
               results << token
@@ -343,9 +300,9 @@ module Prism
                 if split
                   # Split on "\\\n" to mimic Ripper's behavior. Use a lookbehind
                   # to keep the delimiter in the result.
-                  token.value.split(/(?<=[^\\]\\\n)|(?<=[^\\]\\\r\n)/).each_with_index do |value, index|
+                  token[2].split(/(?<=[^\\]\\\n)|(?<=[^\\]\\\r\n)/).each_with_index do |value, index|
                     column = 0 if index > 0
-                    results << Token.new([[lineno, column], :on_tstring_content, value, token.state])
+                    results << [[lineno, column], :on_tstring_content, value, token[3]]
                     lineno += value.count("\n")
                   end
                 else
@@ -374,8 +331,13 @@ module Prism
       class DedentingHeredoc # :nodoc:
         TAB_WIDTH = 8
 
-        attr_reader :tokens, :dedent_next, :dedent, :embexpr_balance
+        attr_reader :tokens #: Array[lex_compat_token]
+        attr_reader :dedent_next #: bool
+        attr_reader :dedent #: Integer?
+        attr_reader :embexpr_balance #: Integer
+        # @rbs @ended_on_newline: bool
 
+        #: () -> void
         def initialize
           @tokens = []
           @dedent_next = true
@@ -387,8 +349,10 @@ module Prism
         # As tokens are coming in, we track the minimum amount of common leading
         # whitespace on plain string content tokens. This allows us to later
         # remove that amount of whitespace from the beginning of each line.
+        #
+        #: (lex_compat_token token) -> void
         def <<(token)
-          case token.event
+          case token[1]
           when :on_embexpr_beg, :on_heredoc_beg
             @embexpr_balance += 1
             @dedent = 0 if @dedent_next && @ended_on_newline
@@ -396,10 +360,10 @@ module Prism
             @embexpr_balance -= 1
           when :on_tstring_content
             if embexpr_balance == 0
-              line = token.value
+              line = token[2]
 
               if dedent_next && !(line.strip.empty? && line.end_with?("\n"))
-                leading = line[/\A(\s*)\n?/, 1]
+                leading = line[/\A(\s*)\n?/, 1] #: String
                 next_dedent = 0
 
                 leading.each_char do |char|
@@ -419,20 +383,21 @@ module Prism
             end
           end
 
-          @dedent_next = token.event == :on_tstring_content && embexpr_balance == 0
+          @dedent_next = token[1] == :on_tstring_content && embexpr_balance == 0
           @ended_on_newline = false
           tokens << token
         end
 
+        #: () -> Array[lex_compat_token]
         def to_a
           # If every line in the heredoc is blank, we still need to split up the
           # string content token into multiple tokens.
           if dedent.nil?
-            results = [] #: Array[Token]
+            results = [] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
             embexpr_balance = 0
 
             tokens.each do |token|
-              case token.event
+              case token[1]
               when :on_embexpr_beg, :on_heredoc_beg
                 embexpr_balance += 1
                 results << token
@@ -444,9 +409,9 @@ module Prism
                   lineno = token[0][0]
                   column = token[0][1]
 
-                  token.value.split(/(?<=\n)/).each_with_index do |value, index|
+                  token[2].split(/(?<=\n)/).each_with_index do |value, index|
                     column = 0 if index > 0
-                    results << Token.new([[lineno, column], :on_tstring_content, value, token.state])
+                    results << [[lineno, column], :on_tstring_content, value, token[3]]
                     lineno += 1
                   end
                 else
@@ -463,7 +428,7 @@ module Prism
           # If the minimum common whitespace is 0, then we need to concatenate
           # string nodes together that are immediately adjacent.
           if dedent == 0
-            results = [] #: Array[Token]
+            results = [] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
             embexpr_balance = 0
 
             index = 0
@@ -474,15 +439,15 @@ module Prism
               results << token
               index += 1
 
-              case token.event
+              case token[1]
               when :on_embexpr_beg, :on_heredoc_beg
                 embexpr_balance += 1
               when :on_embexpr_end, :on_heredoc_end
                 embexpr_balance -= 1
               when :on_tstring_content
                 if embexpr_balance == 0
-                  while index < max_index && tokens[index].event == :on_tstring_content && !token.value.match?(/\\\r?\n\z/)
-                    token.value << tokens[index].value
+                  while index < max_index && tokens[index][1] == :on_tstring_content && !token[2].match?(/\\\r?\n\z/)
+                    token[2] << tokens[index][2]
                     index += 1
                   end
                 end
@@ -496,7 +461,7 @@ module Prism
           # insert on_ignored_sp tokens for the amount of dedent that we need to
           # perform. We also need to remove the dedent from the beginning of
           # each line of plain string content tokens.
-          results = [] #: Array[Token]
+          results = [] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
           dedent_next = true
           embexpr_balance = 0
 
@@ -505,7 +470,7 @@ module Prism
             # whitespace calculation we performed above. This is because
             # checking if the subsequent token needs to be dedented is common to
             # both the dedent calculation and the ignored_sp insertion.
-            case token.event
+            case token[1]
             when :on_embexpr_beg
               embexpr_balance += 1
               results << token
@@ -517,7 +482,7 @@ module Prism
                 # Here we're going to split the string on newlines, but maintain
                 # the newlines in the resulting array. We'll do that with a look
                 # behind assertion.
-                splits = token.value.split(/(?<=\n)/)
+                splits = token[2].split(/(?<=\n)/)
                 index = 0
 
                 while index < splits.length
@@ -535,7 +500,8 @@ module Prism
                   # line or this line doesn't start with whitespace, then we
                   # should concatenate the rest of the string to match ripper.
                   if dedent == 0 && (!dedent_next || !line.start_with?(/\s/))
-                    line = splits[index..].join
+                    unjoined = splits[index..] #: Array[String]
+                    line = unjoined.join
                     index = splits.length
                   end
 
@@ -574,12 +540,12 @@ module Prism
                       ignored = deleted_chars.join
                       line.delete_prefix!(ignored)
 
-                      results << Token.new([[lineno, 0], :on_ignored_sp, ignored, token[3]])
+                      results << [[lineno, 0], :on_ignored_sp, ignored, token[3]]
                       column = ignored.length
                     end
                   end
 
-                  results << Token.new([[lineno, column], token[1], line, token[3]]) unless line.empty?
+                  results << [[lineno, column], token[1], line, token[3]] unless line.empty?
                   index += 1
                 end
               else
@@ -590,7 +556,7 @@ module Prism
             end
 
             dedent_next =
-              ((token.event == :on_tstring_content) || (token.event == :on_heredoc_end)) &&
+              ((token[1] == :on_tstring_content) || (token[1] == :on_heredoc_end)) &&
               embexpr_balance == 0
           end
 
@@ -600,12 +566,14 @@ module Prism
 
       # Here we will split between the two types of heredocs and return the
       # object that will store their tokens.
+      #--
+      #: (lex_compat_token opening) -> (PlainHeredoc | DashHeredoc | DedentingHeredoc)
       def self.build(opening)
-        case opening.value[2]
+        case opening[2][2]
         when "~"
           DedentingHeredoc.new
         when "-"
-          DashHeredoc.new(opening.value[3] != "'")
+          DashHeredoc.new(opening[2][3] != "'")
         else
           PlainHeredoc.new
         end
@@ -614,33 +582,43 @@ module Prism
 
     private_constant :Heredoc
 
-    attr_reader :source, :options
+    # In previous versions of Ruby, Ripper wouldn't flush the bom before the
+    # first token, so we had to have a hack in place to account for that.
+    BOM_FLUSHED = RUBY_VERSION >= "3.3.0"
+    private_constant :BOM_FLUSHED
 
+    attr_reader :options #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    # @rbs @source: String
+
+    #: (String source, **untyped options) -> void
     def initialize(source, **options)
       @source = source
       @options = options
     end
 
+    #: () -> Result
     def result
-      tokens = [] #: Array[LexCompat::Token]
+      tokens = [] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
 
       state = :default
       heredoc_stack = [[]] #: Array[Array[Heredoc::PlainHeredoc | Heredoc::DashHeredoc | Heredoc::DedentingHeredoc]]
 
-      result = Prism.lex(source, **options)
+      result = Prism.lex(@source, **options)
+      source = result.source
       result_value = result.value
-      previous_state = nil #: Ripper::Lexer::State?
+      previous_state = nil #: Translation::Ripper::Lexer::State?
       last_heredoc_end = nil #: Integer?
+      eof_token = nil #: Token?
+
+      bom = source.slice(0, 3) == "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
 
-      # In previous versions of Ruby, Ripper wouldn't flush the bom before the
-      # first token, so we had to have a hack in place to account for that. This
-      # checks for that behavior.
-      bom_flushed = Ripper.lex("\xEF\xBB\xBF# test")[0][0][1] == 0
-      bom = source.byteslice(0..2) == "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
+      result_value.each_with_index do |(prism_token, prism_state), index|
+        lineno = prism_token.location.start_line
+        column = prism_token.location.start_column
 
-      result_value.each_with_index do |(token, lex_state), index|
-        lineno = token.location.start_line
-        column = token.location.start_column
+        event = RIPPER.fetch(prism_token.type)
+        value = prism_token.value
+        lex_state = Translation::Ripper::Lexer::State[prism_state]
 
         # If there's a UTF-8 byte-order mark as the start of the file, then for
         # certain tokens ripper sets the first token back by 3 bytes. It also
@@ -650,70 +628,53 @@ module Prism
         if bom && lineno == 1
           column -= 3
 
-          if index == 0 && column == 0 && !bom_flushed
+          if index == 0 && column == 0 && !BOM_FLUSHED
             flushed =
-              case token.type
+              case prism_token.type
               when :BACK_REFERENCE, :INSTANCE_VARIABLE, :CLASS_VARIABLE,
                   :GLOBAL_VARIABLE, :NUMBERED_REFERENCE, :PERCENT_LOWER_I,
                   :PERCENT_LOWER_X, :PERCENT_LOWER_W, :PERCENT_UPPER_I,
                   :PERCENT_UPPER_W, :STRING_BEGIN
                 true
               when :REGEXP_BEGIN, :SYMBOL_BEGIN
-                token.value.start_with?("%")
+                value.start_with?("%")
               else
                 false
               end
 
             unless flushed
               column -= 3
-              value = token.value
               value.prepend(String.new("\xEF\xBB\xBF", encoding: value.encoding))
             end
           end
         end
 
-        event = RIPPER.fetch(token.type)
-        value = token.value
-        lex_state = Ripper::Lexer::State.new(lex_state)
-
-        token =
+        lex_compat_token =
           case event
           when :on___end__
-            EndContentToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
+            # Ripper doesn't include the rest of the token in the event, so we need to
+            # trim it down to just the content on the first line.
+            value = value[0..value.index("\n")] #: String
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
           when :on_comment
-            IgnoreStateToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
           when :on_heredoc_end
             # Heredoc end tokens can be emitted in an odd order, so we don't
             # want to bother comparing the state on them.
-            last_heredoc_end = token.location.end_offset
-            IgnoreStateToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-          when :on_ident
-            if lex_state == Ripper::EXPR_END
-              # If we have an identifier that follows a method name like:
-              #
-              #     def foo bar
-              #
-              # then Ripper will mark bar as END|LABEL if there is a local in a
-              # parent scope named bar because it hasn't pushed the local table
-              # yet. We do this more accurately, so we need to allow comparing
-              # against both END and END|LABEL.
-              ParamToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-            elsif lex_state == Ripper::EXPR_END | Ripper::EXPR_LABEL
-              # In the event that we're comparing identifiers, we're going to
-              # allow a little divergence. Ripper doesn't account for local
-              # variables introduced through named captures in regexes, and we
-              # do, which accounts for this difference.
-              IdentToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-            else
-              Token.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-            end
+            last_heredoc_end = prism_token.location.end_offset
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
           when :on_embexpr_end
-            IgnoreStateToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-          when :on_ignored_nl
-            # Ignored newlines can occasionally have a LABEL state attached to
-            # them which doesn't actually impact anything. We don't mirror that
-            # state so we ignored it.
-            IgnoredNewlineToken.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
+          when :on_words_sep
+            # Ripper emits one token each per line.
+            value.each_line.with_index do |line, index|
+              if index > 0
+                lineno += 1
+                column = 0
+              end
+              tokens << [[lineno, column], event, line, lex_state]
+            end
+            tokens.pop #: lex_compat_token
           when :on_regexp_end
             # On regex end, Ripper scans and then sets end state, so the ripper
             # lexed output is begin, when it should be end. prism sets lex state
@@ -738,13 +699,14 @@ module Prism
                   counter += { on_embexpr_beg: -1, on_embexpr_end: 1 }[current_event] || 0
                 end
 
-                Ripper::Lexer::State.new(result_value[current_index][1])
+                Translation::Ripper::Lexer::State[result_value[current_index][1]]
               else
                 previous_state
               end
 
-            Token.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
           when :on_eof
+            eof_token = prism_token
             previous_token = result_value[index - 1][0]
 
             # If we're at the end of the file and the previous token was a
@@ -759,7 +721,7 @@ module Prism
               # Use the greater offset of the two to determine the start of
               # the trailing whitespace.
               start_offset = [previous_token.location.end_offset, last_heredoc_end].compact.max
-              end_offset = token.location.start_offset
+              end_offset = prism_token.location.start_offset
 
               if start_offset < end_offset
                 if bom
@@ -767,14 +729,14 @@ module Prism
                   end_offset += 3
                 end
 
-                tokens << Token.new([[lineno, 0], :on_nl, source.byteslice(start_offset...end_offset), lex_state])
+                tokens << [[lineno, 0], :on_nl, source.slice(start_offset, end_offset - start_offset), lex_state]
               end
             end
 
-            Token.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
           else
-            Token.new([[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state])
-          end
+            [[lineno, column], event, value, lex_state]
+          end #: lex_compat_token
 
         previous_state = lex_state
 
@@ -791,19 +753,19 @@ module Prism
         when :default
           # The default state is when there are no heredocs at all. In this
           # state we can append the token to the list of tokens and move on.
-          tokens << token
+          tokens << lex_compat_token
 
           # If we get the declaration of a heredoc, then we open a new heredoc
           # and move into the heredoc_opened state.
           if event == :on_heredoc_beg
             state = :heredoc_opened
-            heredoc_stack.last << Heredoc.build(token)
+            heredoc_stack.last << Heredoc.build(lex_compat_token)
           end
         when :heredoc_opened
           # The heredoc_opened state is when we've seen the declaration of a
           # heredoc and are now lexing the body of the heredoc. In this state we
           # push tokens onto the most recently created heredoc.
-          heredoc_stack.last.last << token
+          heredoc_stack.last.last << lex_compat_token
 
           case event
           when :on_heredoc_beg
@@ -811,7 +773,7 @@ module Prism
             # heredoc, this means we have nested heredocs. In this case we'll
             # push a new heredoc onto the stack and stay in the heredoc_opened
             # state since we're now lexing the body of the new heredoc.
-            heredoc_stack << [Heredoc.build(token)]
+            heredoc_stack << [Heredoc.build(lex_compat_token)]
           when :on_heredoc_end
             # If we receive the end of a heredoc, then we're done lexing the
             # body of the heredoc. In this case we now have a completed heredoc
@@ -820,10 +782,10 @@ module Prism
             state = :heredoc_closed
           end
         when :heredoc_closed
-          if %i[on_nl on_ignored_nl on_comment].include?(event) || (event == :on_tstring_content && value.end_with?("\n"))
+          if %i[on_nl on_ignored_nl on_comment].include?(event) || ((event == :on_tstring_content) && value.end_with?("\n"))
             if heredoc_stack.size > 1
-              flushing = heredoc_stack.pop
-              heredoc_stack.last.last << token
+              flushing = heredoc_stack.pop #: Array[Heredoc::PlainHeredoc | Heredoc::DashHeredoc | Heredoc::DedentingHeredoc]
+              heredoc_stack.last.last << lex_compat_token
 
               flushing.each do |heredoc|
                 heredoc.to_a.each do |flushed_token|
@@ -835,12 +797,12 @@ module Prism
               next
             end
           elsif event == :on_heredoc_beg
-            tokens << token
+            tokens << lex_compat_token
             state = :heredoc_opened
-            heredoc_stack.last << Heredoc.build(token)
+            heredoc_stack.last << Heredoc.build(lex_compat_token)
             next
           elsif heredoc_stack.size > 1
-            heredoc_stack[-2].last << token
+            heredoc_stack[-2].last << lex_compat_token
             next
           end
 
@@ -851,77 +813,94 @@ module Prism
           heredoc_stack.last.clear
           state = :default
 
-          tokens << token
+          tokens << lex_compat_token
         end
       end
 
-      # Drop the EOF token from the list
-      tokens = tokens[0...-1]
-
-      # We sort by location to compare against Ripper's output
-      tokens.sort_by!(&:location)
-
-      Result.new(tokens, result.comments, result.magic_comments, result.data_loc, result.errors, result.warnings, Source.for(source))
-    end
-  end
+      # Drop the EOF token from the list. The EOF token may not be
+      # present if the source was syntax invalid
+      if tokens.dig(-1, 1) == :on_eof
+        tokens = tokens[0...-1] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
+      end
 
-  private_constant :LexCompat
+      # We sort by location because Ripper.lex sorts.
+      tokens.sort_by! do |token|
+        line, column = token[0]
+        source.byte_offset(line, column)
+      end
 
-  # This is a class that wraps the Ripper lexer to produce almost exactly the
-  # same tokens.
-  class LexRipper # :nodoc:
-    attr_reader :source
+      tokens = post_process_tokens(tokens, source, result.data_loc, bom, eof_token)
 
-    def initialize(source)
-      @source = source
+      Result.new(tokens, result.comments, result.magic_comments, result.data_loc, result.errors, result.warnings, result.continuable?, source)
     end
 
-    def result
-      previous = [] #: [[Integer, Integer], Symbol, String, untyped] | []
-      results = [] #: Array[[[Integer, Integer], Symbol, String, untyped]]
-
-      lex(source).each do |token|
-        case token[1]
-        when :on_sp
-          # skip
-        when :on_tstring_content
-          if previous[1] == :on_tstring_content && (token[2].start_with?("\#$") || token[2].start_with?("\#@"))
-            previous[2] << token[2]
-          else
-            results << token
-            previous = token
-          end
-        when :on_words_sep
-          if previous[1] == :on_words_sep
-            previous[2] << token[2]
+    private
+
+    #: (Array[lex_compat_token] tokens, Source source, Location? data_loc, bool bom, Token? eof_token) -> Array[lex_compat_token]
+    def post_process_tokens(tokens, source, data_loc, bom, eof_token)
+      new_tokens = [] #: Array[lex_compat_token]
+
+      prev_token_state = Translation::Ripper::Lexer::State[Translation::Ripper::EXPR_BEG]
+      prev_token_end = bom ? 3 : 0
+
+      cache = Translation::Ripper::LineAndColumnCache.new(source)
+
+      tokens.each do |token|
+        # Skip missing heredoc ends.
+        next if token[1] == :on_heredoc_end && token[2] == ""
+
+        # Add :on_sp tokens.
+        line, column = token[0]
+        start_offset = source.byte_offset(line, column)
+
+        # Ripper reports columns on line 1 without counting the BOM, so we
+        # adjust to get the real offset
+        start_offset += 3 if line == 1 && bom
+
+        if start_offset > prev_token_end
+          sp_value = source.slice(prev_token_end, start_offset - prev_token_end)
+          sp_line, sp_column = cache.line_and_column(prev_token_end)
+          # Ripper reports columns on line 1 without counting the BOM
+          sp_column -= 3 if sp_line == 1 && bom
+          continuation_index = sp_value.byteindex("\\")
+
+          # ripper emits up to three :on_sp tokens when line continuations are used
+          if continuation_index
+            next_whitespace_index = continuation_index + 1
+            next_whitespace_index += 1 if sp_value.byteslice(next_whitespace_index) == "\r"
+            next_whitespace_index += 1
+            first_whitespace = sp_value[0...continuation_index] #: String
+            continuation = sp_value[continuation_index...next_whitespace_index] #: String
+            second_whitespace = sp_value[next_whitespace_index..] || ""
+
+            new_tokens << [[sp_line, sp_column], :on_sp, first_whitespace, prev_token_state] unless first_whitespace.empty?
+            new_tokens << [[sp_line, sp_column + continuation_index], :on_sp, continuation, prev_token_state]
+            new_tokens << [[sp_line + 1, 0], :on_sp, second_whitespace, prev_token_state] unless second_whitespace.empty?
           else
-            results << token
-            previous = token
+            new_tokens << [[sp_line, sp_column], :on_sp, sp_value, prev_token_state]
           end
-        else
-          results << token
-          previous = token
         end
-      end
-
-      results
-    end
-
-    private
 
-    if Ripper.method(:lex).parameters.assoc(:keyrest)
-      def lex(source)
-        Ripper.lex(source, raise_errors: true)
+        new_tokens << token
+        prev_token_state = token[3]
+        prev_token_end = start_offset + token[2].bytesize
       end
-    else
-      def lex(source)
-        ripper = Ripper::Lexer.new(source)
-        ripper.lex.tap do |result|
-          raise SyntaxError, ripper.errors.map(&:message).join(' ;') if ripper.errors.any?
+
+      if !data_loc && eof_token # no trailing :on_sp with __END__ as it is always preceded by :on_nl
+        end_offset = eof_token.location.end_offset
+        if prev_token_end < end_offset
+          new_tokens << [
+            [source.line(prev_token_end), source.column(prev_token_end)],
+            :on_sp,
+            source.slice(prev_token_end, end_offset - prev_token_end),
+            prev_token_state
+          ]
         end
       end
+
+      new_tokens
     end
   end
 
-  private_constant :LexRipper
+  private_constant :LexCompat
 end
diff --git a/lib/prism/node_ext.rb b/lib/prism/node_ext.rb
index 4dfcebd638..8a6624e76d 100644
--- a/lib/prism/node_ext.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/node_ext.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
+#--
 # Here we are reopening the prism module to provide methods on nodes that aren't
 # templated and are meant as convenience methods.
+#++
 module Prism
   class Node
+    #: (*String replacements) -> void
     def deprecated(*replacements) # :nodoc:
-      location = caller_locations(1, 1)
-      location = location[0].label if location
+      location = caller_locations(1, 1)&.[](0)&.label
       suggest = replacements.map { |replacement| "#{self.class}##{replacement}" }
 
-      warn(<<~MSG, category: :deprecated)
+      warn(<<~MSG, uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated)
         [deprecation]: #{self.class}##{location} is deprecated and will be \
         removed in the next major version. Use #{suggest.join("/")} instead.
         #{(caller(1, 3) || []).join("\n")}
@@ -20,7 +25,9 @@ module Prism
   module RegularExpressionOptions # :nodoc:
     # Returns a numeric value that represents the flags that were used to create
     # the regular expression.
-    def options
+    #--
+    #: (Integer flags) -> Integer
+    def self.options(flags)
       o = 0
       o |= Regexp::IGNORECASE if flags.anybits?(RegularExpressionFlags::IGNORE_CASE)
       o |= Regexp::EXTENDED if flags.anybits?(RegularExpressionFlags::EXTENDED)
@@ -32,43 +39,87 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class InterpolatedMatchLastLineNode < Node
-    include RegularExpressionOptions
+    # Returns a numeric value that represents the flags that were used to create
+    # the regular expression.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def options
+      RegularExpressionOptions.options(flags)
+    end
   end
 
   class InterpolatedRegularExpressionNode < Node
-    include RegularExpressionOptions
+    # Returns a numeric value that represents the flags that were used to create
+    # the regular expression.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def options
+      RegularExpressionOptions.options(flags)
+    end
   end
 
   class MatchLastLineNode < Node
-    include RegularExpressionOptions
+    # Returns a numeric value that represents the flags that were used to create
+    # the regular expression.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def options
+      RegularExpressionOptions.options(flags)
+    end
   end
 
   class RegularExpressionNode < Node
-    include RegularExpressionOptions
+    # Returns a numeric value that represents the flags that were used to create
+    # the regular expression.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def options
+      RegularExpressionOptions.options(flags)
+    end
   end
 
   private_constant :RegularExpressionOptions
 
   module HeredocQuery # :nodoc:
     # Returns true if this node was represented as a heredoc in the source code.
-    def heredoc?
+    #--
+    #: (String? opening) -> bool?
+    def self.heredoc?(opening)
+      # @type self: InterpolatedStringNode | InterpolatedXStringNode | StringNode | XStringNode
       opening&.start_with?("<<")
     end
   end
 
   class InterpolatedStringNode < Node
-    include HeredocQuery
+    # Returns true if this node was represented as a heredoc in the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool?
+    def heredoc?
+      HeredocQuery.heredoc?(opening)
+    end
   end
 
   class InterpolatedXStringNode < Node
-    include HeredocQuery
+    # Returns true if this node was represented as a heredoc in the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool?
+    def heredoc?
+      HeredocQuery.heredoc?(opening)
+    end
   end
 
   class StringNode < Node
-    include HeredocQuery
+    # Returns true if this node was represented as a heredoc in the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool?
+    def heredoc?
+      HeredocQuery.heredoc?(opening)
+    end
 
     # Occasionally it's helpful to treat a string as if it were interpolated so
     # that there's a consistent interface for working with strings.
+    #--
+    #: () -> InterpolatedStringNode
     def to_interpolated
       InterpolatedStringNode.new(
         source,
@@ -83,10 +134,17 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class XStringNode < Node
-    include HeredocQuery
+    # Returns true if this node was represented as a heredoc in the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool?
+    def heredoc?
+      HeredocQuery.heredoc?(opening)
+    end
 
     # Occasionally it's helpful to treat a string as if it were interpolated so
     # that there's a consistent interface for working with strings.
+    #--
+    #: () -> InterpolatedXStringNode
     def to_interpolated
       InterpolatedXStringNode.new(
         source,
@@ -104,6 +162,8 @@ module Prism
 
   class ImaginaryNode < Node
     # Returns the value of the node as a Ruby Complex.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Complex
     def value
       Complex(0, numeric.value)
     end
@@ -111,31 +171,25 @@ module Prism
 
   class RationalNode < Node
     # Returns the value of the node as a Ruby Rational.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Rational
     def value
       Rational(numerator, denominator)
     end
-
-    # Returns the value of the node as an IntegerNode or a FloatNode. This
-    # method is deprecated in favor of #value or #numerator/#denominator.
-    def numeric
-      deprecated("value", "numerator", "denominator")
-
-      if denominator == 1
-        IntegerNode.new(source, -1, location.chop, flags, numerator)
-      else
-        FloatNode.new(source, -1, location.chop, 0, numerator.to_f / denominator)
-      end
-    end
   end
 
   class ConstantReadNode < Node
     # Returns the list of parts for the full name of this constant.
     # For example: [:Foo]
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Symbol]
     def full_name_parts
       [name]
     end
 
     # Returns the full name of this constant. For example: "Foo"
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def full_name
       name.to_s
     end
@@ -144,11 +198,15 @@ module Prism
   class ConstantWriteNode < Node
     # Returns the list of parts for the full name of this constant.
     # For example: [:Foo]
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Symbol]
     def full_name_parts
       [name]
     end
 
     # Returns the full name of this constant. For example: "Foo"
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def full_name
       name.to_s
     end
@@ -163,13 +221,15 @@ module Prism
     # local variable
     class DynamicPartsInConstantPathError < StandardError; end
 
-    # An error class raised when missing nodes are found while computing a
+    # An error class raised when error recovery nodes are found while computing a
     # constant path's full name. For example:
     # Foo:: -> raises because the constant path is missing the last part
-    class MissingNodesInConstantPathError < StandardError; end
+    class ErrorRecoveryNodesInConstantPathError < StandardError; end
 
     # Returns the list of parts for the full name of this constant path.
     # For example: [:Foo, :Bar]
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Symbol]
     def full_name_parts
       parts = [] #: Array[Symbol]
       current = self #: node?
@@ -177,7 +237,7 @@ module Prism
       while current.is_a?(ConstantPathNode)
         name = current.name
         if name.nil?
-          raise MissingNodesInConstantPathError, "Constant path contains missing nodes. Cannot compute full name"
+          raise ErrorRecoveryNodesInConstantPathError, "Constant path contains error recovery nodes. Cannot compute full name"
         end
 
         parts.unshift(name)
@@ -192,30 +252,21 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Returns the full name of this constant path. For example: "Foo::Bar"
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def full_name
       full_name_parts.join("::")
     end
-
-    # Previously, we had a child node on this class that contained either a
-    # constant read or a missing node. To not cause a breaking change, we
-    # continue to supply that API.
-    def child
-      deprecated("name", "name_loc")
-
-      if name
-        ConstantReadNode.new(source, -1, name_loc, 0, name)
-      else
-        MissingNode.new(source, -1, location, 0)
-      end
-    end
   end
 
   class ConstantPathTargetNode < Node
     # Returns the list of parts for the full name of this constant path.
     # For example: [:Foo, :Bar]
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Symbol]
     def full_name_parts
       parts =
-        case parent
+        case (parent = self.parent)
         when ConstantPathNode, ConstantReadNode
           parent.full_name_parts
         when nil
@@ -225,40 +276,33 @@ module Prism
           raise ConstantPathNode::DynamicPartsInConstantPathError, "Constant target path contains dynamic parts. Cannot compute full name"
         end
 
-      if name.nil?
-        raise ConstantPathNode::MissingNodesInConstantPathError, "Constant target path contains missing nodes. Cannot compute full name"
+      if (name = self.name).nil?
+        raise ConstantPathNode::ErrorRecoveryNodesInConstantPathError, "Constant target path contains error recovery nodes. Cannot compute full name"
       end
 
       parts.push(name)
     end
 
     # Returns the full name of this constant path. For example: "Foo::Bar"
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def full_name
       full_name_parts.join("::")
     end
-
-    # Previously, we had a child node on this class that contained either a
-    # constant read or a missing node. To not cause a breaking change, we
-    # continue to supply that API.
-    def child
-      deprecated("name", "name_loc")
-
-      if name
-        ConstantReadNode.new(source, -1, name_loc, 0, name)
-      else
-        MissingNode.new(source, -1, location, 0)
-      end
-    end
   end
 
   class ConstantTargetNode < Node
     # Returns the list of parts for the full name of this constant.
     # For example: [:Foo]
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Symbol]
     def full_name_parts
       [name]
     end
 
     # Returns the full name of this constant. For example: "Foo"
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def full_name
       name.to_s
     end
@@ -266,6 +310,8 @@ module Prism
 
   class ParametersNode < Node
     # Mirrors the Method#parameters method.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[[Symbol, Symbol] | [Symbol]]
     def signature
       names = [] #: Array[[Symbol, Symbol] | [Symbol]]
 
@@ -275,7 +321,7 @@ module Prism
 
       optionals.each { |param| names << [:opt, param.name] }
 
-      if rest && rest.is_a?(RestParameterNode)
+      if (rest = self.rest).is_a?(RestParameterNode)
         names << [:rest, rest.name || :*]
       end
 
@@ -283,8 +329,7 @@ module Prism
         case param
         when MultiTargetNode
           names << [:req]
-        when NoKeywordsParameterNode, KeywordRestParameterNode, ForwardingParameterNode
-          # Invalid syntax, e.g. "def f(**nil, ...)" moves the NoKeywordsParameterNode to posts
+        when ErrorRecoveryNode
           raise "Invalid syntax"
         else
           names << [:req, param.name]
@@ -304,7 +349,7 @@ module Prism
 
       keyopt.each { |param| names << [:key, param.name] }
 
-      case keyword_rest
+      case (keyword_rest = self.keyword_rest)
       when ForwardingParameterNode
         names.concat([[:rest, :*], [:keyrest, :**], [:block, :&]])
       when KeywordRestParameterNode
@@ -313,7 +358,13 @@ module Prism
         names << [:nokey]
       end
 
-      names << [:block, block.name || :&] if block
+      case (block = self.block)
+      when BlockParameterNode
+        names << [:block, block.name || :&]
+      when NoBlockParameterNode
+        names << [:noblock]
+      end
+
       names
     end
   end
@@ -328,181 +379,10 @@ module Prism
     # can be any amount of space between the message and the = sign. However,
     # sometimes you want the location of the full message including the inner
     # space and the = sign. This method provides that.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Location?
     def full_message_loc
       attribute_write? ? message_loc&.adjoin("=") : message_loc
     end
   end
-
-  class CallOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class ConstantOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class ConstantPathOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class IndexOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class LocalVariableOperatorWriteNode < Node
-    # Returns the binary operator used to modify the receiver. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #binary_operator.
-    def operator
-      deprecated("binary_operator")
-      binary_operator
-    end
-
-    # Returns the location of the binary operator used to modify the receiver.
-    # This method is deprecated in favor of #binary_operator_loc.
-    def operator_loc
-      deprecated("binary_operator_loc")
-      binary_operator_loc
-    end
-  end
-
-  class CaseMatchNode < Node
-    # Returns the else clause of the case match node. This method is deprecated
-    # in favor of #else_clause.
-    def consequent
-      deprecated("else_clause")
-      else_clause
-    end
-  end
-
-  class CaseNode < Node
-    # Returns the else clause of the case node. This method is deprecated in
-    # favor of #else_clause.
-    def consequent
-      deprecated("else_clause")
-      else_clause
-    end
-  end
-
-  class IfNode < Node
-    # Returns the subsequent if/elsif/else clause of the if node. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #subsequent.
-    def consequent
-      deprecated("subsequent")
-      subsequent
-    end
-  end
-
-  class RescueNode < Node
-    # Returns the subsequent rescue clause of the rescue node. This method is
-    # deprecated in favor of #subsequent.
-    def consequent
-      deprecated("subsequent")
-      subsequent
-    end
-  end
-
-  class UnlessNode < Node
-    # Returns the else clause of the unless node. This method is deprecated in
-    # favor of #else_clause.
-    def consequent
-      deprecated("else_clause")
-      else_clause
-    end
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/prism/node_find.rb b/lib/prism/node_find.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..697ee430e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/node_find.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
+
+module Prism
+  # Finds the Prism AST node corresponding to a given Method, UnboundMethod,
+  # Proc, or Thread::Backtrace::Location. On CRuby, uses node_id from the
+  # instruction sequence for an exact match. On other implementations, falls
+  # back to best-effort matching by source location line number.
+  #
+  # This module is autoloaded so that programs that don't use Prism.find don't
+  # pay for its definition.
+  module NodeFind # :nodoc:
+    # Find the node for the given callable or backtrace location.
+    #--
+    #: (Method | UnboundMethod | Proc | Thread::Backtrace::Location callable, bool rubyvm) -> Node?
+    def self.find(callable, rubyvm)
+      case callable
+      when Proc
+        if rubyvm
+          RubyVMCallableFind.new.find(callable)
+        elsif callable.lambda?
+          LineLambdaFind.new.find(callable)
+        else
+          LineProcFind.new.find(callable)
+        end
+      when Method, UnboundMethod
+        if rubyvm
+          RubyVMCallableFind.new.find(callable)
+        else
+          LineMethodFind.new.find(callable)
+        end
+      when Thread::Backtrace::Location
+        if rubyvm
+          RubyVMBacktraceLocationFind.new.find(callable)
+        else
+          LineBacktraceLocationFind.new.find(callable)
+        end
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Expected a Method, UnboundMethod, Proc, or Thread::Backtrace::Location, got #{callable.class}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Base class that handles parsing a file.
+    class Find
+      private
+
+      # Parse the given file path, returning a ParseResult or nil.
+      #--
+      #: (String? file) -> ParseResult?
+      def parse_file(file)
+        return unless file && File.readable?(file)
+        result = Prism.parse_file(file)
+        result if result.success?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a Method, UnboundMethod, or Proc using the node_id
+    # from the instruction sequence.
+    class RubyVMCallableFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given callable using the ISeq node_id.
+      #--
+      #: (Method | UnboundMethod | Proc callable) -> Node?
+      def find(callable)
+        return unless (source_location = callable.source_location)
+        return unless (result = parse_file(source_location[0]))
+        return unless (iseq = RubyVM::InstructionSequence.of(callable))
+
+        header = iseq.to_a[4]
+        return unless header[:parser] == :prism
+
+        result.value.find { |node| node.node_id == header[:node_id] }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a Thread::Backtrace::Location using the node_id
+    # from the backtrace location.
+    class RubyVMBacktraceLocationFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given backtrace location using node_id.
+      #--
+      #: (Thread::Backtrace::Location location) -> Node?
+      def find(location)
+        file = location.absolute_path || location.path
+        return unless (result = parse_file(file))
+        return unless RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.respond_to?(:node_id_for_backtrace_location)
+
+        node_id = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.node_id_for_backtrace_location(location)
+
+        result.value.find { |node| node.node_id == node_id }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a Method or UnboundMethod using best-effort line
+    # matching. Used on non-CRuby implementations.
+    class LineMethodFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given method by matching on name and line.
+      #--
+      #: (Method | UnboundMethod callable) -> Node?
+      def find(callable)
+        return unless (source_location = callable.source_location)
+        return unless (result = parse_file(source_location[0]))
+
+        name = callable.name
+        start_line = source_location[1]
+
+        result.value.find do |node|
+          case node
+          when DefNode
+            node.name == name && node.location.start_line == start_line
+          when CallNode
+            node.block.is_a?(BlockNode) && node.location.start_line == start_line
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a lambda using best-effort line matching. Used
+    # on non-CRuby implementations.
+    class LineLambdaFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given lambda by matching on line.
+      #--
+      #: (Proc callable) -> Node?
+      def find(callable)
+        return unless (source_location = callable.source_location)
+        return unless (result = parse_file(source_location[0]))
+
+        start_line = source_location[1]
+
+        result.value.find do |node|
+          case node
+          when LambdaNode
+            node.location.start_line == start_line
+          when CallNode
+            node.block.is_a?(BlockNode) && node.location.start_line == start_line
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a non-lambda Proc using best-effort line
+    # matching. Used on non-CRuby implementations.
+    class LineProcFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given proc by matching on line.
+      #--
+      #: (Proc callable) -> Node?
+      def find(callable)
+        return unless (source_location = callable.source_location)
+        return unless (result = parse_file(source_location[0]))
+
+        start_line = source_location[1]
+
+        result.value.find do |node|
+          case node
+          when ForNode
+            node.location.start_line == start_line
+          when CallNode
+            node.block.is_a?(BlockNode) && node.location.start_line == start_line
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Finds the AST node for a Thread::Backtrace::Location using best-effort
+    # line matching. Used on non-CRuby implementations.
+    class LineBacktraceLocationFind < Find
+      # Find the node for the given backtrace location by matching on line.
+      #--
+      #: (Thread::Backtrace::Location location) -> Node?
+      def find(location)
+        file = location.absolute_path || location.path
+        return unless (result = parse_file(file))
+
+        start_line = location.lineno
+        result.value.find { |node| node.location.start_line == start_line }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/pack.rb b/lib/prism/pack.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c0de8ab8b7..0000000000
--- a/lib/prism/pack.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-# typed: ignore
-
-module Prism
-  # A parser for the pack template language.
-  module Pack
-    %i[
-      SPACE
-      COMMENT
-      INTEGER
-      UTF8
-      BER
-      FLOAT
-      STRING_SPACE_PADDED
-      STRING_NULL_PADDED
-      STRING_NULL_TERMINATED
-      STRING_MSB
-      STRING_LSB
-      STRING_HEX_HIGH
-      STRING_HEX_LOW
-      STRING_UU
-      STRING_MIME
-      STRING_BASE64
-      STRING_FIXED
-      STRING_POINTER
-      MOVE
-      BACK
-      NULL
-
-      UNSIGNED
-      SIGNED
-      SIGNED_NA
-
-      AGNOSTIC_ENDIAN
-      LITTLE_ENDIAN
-      BIG_ENDIAN
-      NATIVE_ENDIAN
-      ENDIAN_NA
-
-      SIZE_SHORT
-      SIZE_INT
-      SIZE_LONG
-      SIZE_LONG_LONG
-      SIZE_8
-      SIZE_16
-      SIZE_32
-      SIZE_64
-      SIZE_P
-      SIZE_NA
-
-      LENGTH_FIXED
-      LENGTH_MAX
-      LENGTH_RELATIVE
-      LENGTH_NA
-    ].each do |const|
-      const_set(const, const)
-    end
-
-    # A directive in the pack template language.
-    class Directive
-      # A symbol representing the version of Ruby.
-      attr_reader :version
-
-      # A symbol representing whether or not we are packing or unpacking.
-      attr_reader :variant
-
-      # A byteslice of the source string that this directive represents.
-      attr_reader :source
-
-      # The type of the directive.
-      attr_reader :type
-
-      # The type of signedness of the directive.
-      attr_reader :signed
-
-      # The type of endianness of the directive.
-      attr_reader :endian
-
-      # The size of the directive.
-      attr_reader :size
-
-      # The length type of this directive (used for integers).
-      attr_reader :length_type
-
-      # The length of this directive (used for integers).
-      attr_reader :length
-
-      # Initialize a new directive with the given values.
-      def initialize(version, variant, source, type, signed, endian, size, length_type, length)
-        @version = version
-        @variant = variant
-        @source = source
-        @type = type
-        @signed = signed
-        @endian = endian
-        @size = size
-        @length_type = length_type
-        @length = length
-      end
-
-      # The descriptions of the various types of endianness.
-      ENDIAN_DESCRIPTIONS = {
-        AGNOSTIC_ENDIAN: "agnostic",
-        LITTLE_ENDIAN: "little-endian (VAX)",
-        BIG_ENDIAN: "big-endian (network)",
-        NATIVE_ENDIAN: "native-endian",
-        ENDIAN_NA: "n/a"
-      }
-
-      # The descriptions of the various types of signedness.
-      SIGNED_DESCRIPTIONS = {
-        UNSIGNED: "unsigned",
-        SIGNED: "signed",
-        SIGNED_NA: "n/a"
-      }
-
-      # The descriptions of the various types of sizes.
-      SIZE_DESCRIPTIONS = {
-        SIZE_SHORT: "short",
-        SIZE_INT: "int-width",
-        SIZE_LONG: "long",
-        SIZE_LONG_LONG: "long long",
-        SIZE_8: "8-bit",
-        SIZE_16: "16-bit",
-        SIZE_32: "32-bit",
-        SIZE_64: "64-bit",
-        SIZE_P: "pointer-width"
-      }
-
-      # Provide a human-readable description of the directive.
-      def describe
-        case type
-        when SPACE
-          "whitespace"
-        when COMMENT
-          "comment"
-        when INTEGER
-          if size == SIZE_8
-            base = "#{SIGNED_DESCRIPTIONS[signed]} #{SIZE_DESCRIPTIONS[size]} integer"
-          else
-            base = "#{SIGNED_DESCRIPTIONS[signed]} #{SIZE_DESCRIPTIONS[size]} #{ENDIAN_DESCRIPTIONS[endian]} integer"
-          end
-          case length_type
-          when LENGTH_FIXED
-            if length > 1
-              base + ", x#{length}"
-            else
-              base
-            end
-          when LENGTH_MAX
-            base + ", as many as possible"
-          else
-            raise
-          end
-        when UTF8
-          "UTF-8 character"
-        when BER
-          "BER-compressed integer"
-        when FLOAT
-          "#{SIZE_DESCRIPTIONS[size]} #{ENDIAN_DESCRIPTIONS[endian]} float"
-        when STRING_SPACE_PADDED
-          "arbitrary binary string (space padded)"
-        when STRING_NULL_PADDED
-          "arbitrary binary string (null padded, count is width)"
-        when STRING_NULL_TERMINATED
-          "arbitrary binary string (null padded, count is width), except that null is added with *"
-        when STRING_MSB
-          "bit string (MSB first)"
-        when STRING_LSB
-          "bit string (LSB first)"
-        when STRING_HEX_HIGH
-          "hex string (high nibble first)"
-        when STRING_HEX_LOW
-          "hex string (low nibble first)"
-        when STRING_UU
-          "UU-encoded string"
-        when STRING_MIME
-          "quoted printable, MIME encoding"
-        when STRING_BASE64
-          "base64 encoded string"
-        when STRING_FIXED
-          "pointer to a structure (fixed-length string)"
-        when STRING_POINTER
-          "pointer to a null-terminated string"
-        when MOVE
-          "move to absolute position"
-        when BACK
-          "back up a byte"
-        when NULL
-          "null byte"
-        else
-          raise
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # The result of parsing a pack template.
-    class Format
-      # A list of the directives in the template.
-      attr_reader :directives
-
-      # The encoding of the template.
-      attr_reader :encoding
-
-      # Create a new Format with the given directives and encoding.
-      def initialize(directives, encoding)
-        @directives = directives
-        @encoding = encoding
-      end
-
-      # Provide a human-readable description of the format.
-      def describe
-        source_width = directives.map { |d| d.source.inspect.length }.max
-        directive_lines = directives.map do |directive|
-          if directive.type == SPACE
-            source = directive.source.inspect
-          else
-            source = directive.source
-          end
-          # @type var source_width: Integer
-          "  #{source.ljust(source_width)}  #{directive.describe}"
-        end
-
-        (["Directives:"] + directive_lines + ["Encoding:", "  #{encoding}"]).join("\n")
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/prism/parse_result.rb b/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
index 9a3e7c5b79..93d3c006b7 100644
--- a/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
+  # @rbs!
+  #    # An internal interface for a cache that can be used to compute code
+  #    # units from byte offsets.
+  #    interface _CodeUnitsCache
+  #      def []: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+  #    end
+
   # This represents a source of Ruby code that has been parsed. It is used in
   # conjunction with locations to allow them to resolve line numbers and source
   # ranges.
@@ -9,7 +19,18 @@ module Prism
     # be used instead of `new` and it will return either a `Source` or a
     # specialized and more performant `ASCIISource` if no multibyte characters
     # are present in the source code.
-    def self.for(source, start_line = 1, offsets = [])
+    #
+    # Note that if you are calling this method manually, you will need to supply
+    # the start_line and offsets parameters. start_line is the line number that
+    # the source starts on, which is typically 1 but can be different if this
+    # source is a subset of a larger source or if this is an eval. offsets is an
+    # array of byte offsets for the start of each line in the source code, which
+    # can be calculated by iterating through the source code and recording the
+    # byte offset whenever a newline character is encountered.  The first
+    # element is always 0 to mark the first line.
+    #--
+    #: (String source, Integer start_line, Array[Integer] offsets) -> Source
+    def self.for(source, start_line, offsets)
       if source.ascii_only?
         ASCIISource.new(source, start_line, offsets)
       elsif source.encoding == Encoding::BINARY
@@ -33,77 +54,122 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # The source code that this source object represents.
-    attr_reader :source
+    attr_reader :source #: String
 
     # The line number where this source starts.
-    attr_reader :start_line
-
-    # The list of newline byte offsets in the source code.
-    attr_reader :offsets
-
-    # Create a new source object with the given source code.
-    def initialize(source, start_line = 1, offsets = [])
+    attr_reader :start_line #: Integer
+
+    # The list of newline byte offsets in the source code. When initialized from
+    # the C extension, this may be a packed binary string of uint32_t values
+    # that is lazily unpacked on first access.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Integer]
+    def offsets
+      offsets = @offsets
+      return offsets if offsets.is_a?(Array)
+      @offsets = offsets.unpack("L*")
+    end
+
+    # Create a new source object with the given source code. The offsets
+    # parameter can be either an Array of Integer byte offsets or a packed
+    # binary string of uint32_t values (from the C extension).
+    #--
+    #: (String source, Integer start_line, Array[Integer] | String offsets) -> void
+    def initialize(source, start_line, offsets)
       @source = source
-      @start_line = start_line # set after parsing is done
-      @offsets = offsets # set after parsing is done
+      @start_line = start_line
+      @offsets = offsets
     end
 
     # Replace the value of start_line with the given value.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer start_line) -> void
     def replace_start_line(start_line)
       @start_line = start_line
     end
 
     # Replace the value of offsets with the given value.
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Integer] offsets) -> void
     def replace_offsets(offsets)
-      @offsets.replace(offsets)
+      @offsets = offsets
     end
 
     # Returns the encoding of the source code, which is set by parameters to the
     # parser or by the encoding magic comment.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Encoding
     def encoding
       source.encoding
     end
 
     # Returns the lines of the source code as an array of strings.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[String]
     def lines
       source.lines
     end
 
     # Perform a byteslice on the source code using the given byte offset and
     # byte length.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer length) -> String
     def slice(byte_offset, length)
       source.byteslice(byte_offset, length) or raise
     end
 
+    # Converts the line number and column in bytes to a byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer line, Integer column) -> Integer
+    def byte_offset(line, column)
+      normal = line - @start_line
+      raise IndexError if normal < 0
+      offsets.fetch(normal) + column
+    rescue IndexError
+      raise ArgumentError, "line #{line} is out of range"
+    end
+
     # Binary search through the offsets to find the line number for the given
     # byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def line(byte_offset)
       start_line + find_line(byte_offset)
     end
 
     # Return the byte offset of the start of the line corresponding to the given
     # byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def line_start(byte_offset)
       offsets[find_line(byte_offset)]
     end
 
     # Returns the byte offset of the end of the line corresponding to the given
     # byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def line_end(byte_offset)
       offsets[find_line(byte_offset) + 1] || source.bytesize
     end
 
-    # Return the column number for the given byte offset.
+    # Return the column in bytes for the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def column(byte_offset)
       byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
     end
 
     # Return the character offset for the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def character_offset(byte_offset)
       (source.byteslice(0, byte_offset) or raise).length
     end
 
-    # Return the column number in characters for the given byte offset.
+    # Return the column in characters for the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def character_column(byte_offset)
       character_offset(byte_offset) - character_offset(line_start(byte_offset))
     end
@@ -120,7 +186,11 @@ module Prism
     # possible that the given byte offset will not occur on a character
     # boundary. Second, it's possible that the source code will contain a
     # character that has no equivalent in the given encoding.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding)
+      return byte_offset if encoding == Encoding::UTF_8
+
       byteslice = (source.byteslice(0, byte_offset) or raise).encode(encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace)
 
       if encoding == Encoding::UTF_16LE || encoding == Encoding::UTF_16BE
@@ -132,43 +202,36 @@ module Prism
 
     # Generate a cache that targets a specific encoding for calculating code
     # unit offsets.
+    #--
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> CodeUnitsCache
     def code_units_cache(encoding)
       CodeUnitsCache.new(source, encoding)
     end
 
-    # Returns the column number in code units for the given encoding for the
+    # Returns the column in code units for the given encoding for the
     # given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def code_units_column(byte_offset, encoding)
       code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding) - code_units_offset(line_start(byte_offset), encoding)
     end
 
     # Freeze this object and the objects it contains.
+    #--
+    #: () -> void
     def deep_freeze
       source.freeze
       offsets.freeze
       freeze
     end
 
-    private
-
-    # Binary search through the offsets to find the line number for the given
+    # Binary search through the offsets to find the index for the given
     # byte offset.
-    def find_line(byte_offset)
-      left = 0
-      right = offsets.length - 1
-
-      while left <= right
-        mid = left + (right - left) / 2
-        return mid if (offset = offsets[mid]) == byte_offset
-
-        if offset < byte_offset
-          left = mid + 1
-        else
-          right = mid - 1
-        end
-      end
-
-      left - 1
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def find_line(byte_offset) # :nodoc:
+      index = offsets.bsearch_index { |offset| offset > byte_offset } || offsets.length
+      index - 1
     end
   end
 
@@ -187,38 +250,69 @@ module Prism
   #   has not yet been implemented.
   #
   class CodeUnitsCache
+    # Counter used for UTF-8, where one code unit equals one byte.
+    class UTF8Counter # :nodoc:
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
+      def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
+        byte_length
+      end
+    end
+
     class UTF16Counter # :nodoc:
+      # @rbs @source: String
+      # @rbs @encoding: Encoding
+
+      #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
       def initialize(source, encoding)
         @source = source
         @encoding = encoding
       end
 
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
       def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
-        @source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).bytesize / 2
+        (@source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length) or raise).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).bytesize / 2
       end
     end
 
-    class LengthCounter # :nodoc:
+    # Counter used for UTF-32, where one code unit equals one code point and
+    # matches String#length. Also used as a best-effort fallback for any other
+    # encoding that does not have a dedicated counter.
+    class UTF32Counter # :nodoc:
+      # @rbs @source: String
+      # @rbs @encoding: Encoding
+
+      #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
       def initialize(source, encoding)
         @source = source
         @encoding = encoding
       end
 
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
       def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
-        @source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).length
+        (@source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length) or raise).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).length
       end
     end
 
-    private_constant :UTF16Counter, :LengthCounter
+    private_constant :UTF8Counter, :UTF16Counter, :UTF32Counter
+
+    # @rbs @source: String
+    # @rbs @counter: UTF8Counter | UTF16Counter | UTF32Counter
+    # @rbs @cache: Hash[Integer, Integer]
+    # @rbs @offsets: Array[Integer]
 
     # Initialize a new cache with the given source and encoding.
+    #--
+    #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
     def initialize(source, encoding)
       @source = source
       @counter =
-        if encoding == Encoding::UTF_16LE || encoding == Encoding::UTF_16BE
+        case encoding
+        when Encoding::UTF_8
+          UTF8Counter.new
+        when Encoding::UTF_16LE, Encoding::UTF_16BE
           UTF16Counter.new(source, encoding)
         else
-          LengthCounter.new(source, encoding)
+          UTF32Counter.new(source, encoding)
         end
 
       @cache = {} #: Hash[Integer, Integer]
@@ -226,6 +320,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Retrieve the code units offset from the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def [](byte_offset)
       @cache[byte_offset] ||=
         if (index = @offsets.bsearch_index { |offset| offset > byte_offset }).nil?
@@ -252,11 +348,15 @@ module Prism
   # at that point we will treat everything as single-byte characters.
   class ASCIISource < Source
     # Return the character offset for the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def character_offset(byte_offset)
       byte_offset
     end
 
-    # Return the column number in characters for the given byte offset.
+    # Return the column in characters for the given byte offset.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
     def character_column(byte_offset)
       byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
     end
@@ -267,6 +367,8 @@ module Prism
     # This method is tested with UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. If there is the
     # concept of code units that differs from the number of characters in other
     # encodings, it is not captured here.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding)
       byte_offset
     end
@@ -274,6 +376,8 @@ module Prism
     # Returns a cache that is the identity function in order to maintain the
     # same interface. We can do this because code units are always equivalent to
     # byte offsets for ASCII-only sources.
+    #--
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
     def code_units_cache(encoding)
       ->(byte_offset) { byte_offset }
     end
@@ -281,6 +385,8 @@ module Prism
     # Specialized version of `code_units_column` that does not depend on
     # `code_units_offset`, which is a more expensive operation. This is
     # essentially the same as `Prism::Source#column`.
+    #--
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def code_units_column(byte_offset, encoding)
       byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
     end
@@ -290,18 +396,23 @@ module Prism
   class Location
     # A Source object that is used to determine more information from the given
     # offset and length.
-    attr_reader :source
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
     protected :source
 
     # The byte offset from the beginning of the source where this location
     # starts.
-    attr_reader :start_offset
+    attr_reader :start_offset #: Integer
 
     # The length of this location in bytes.
-    attr_reader :length
+    attr_reader :length #: Integer
+
+    # @rbs @leading_comments: Array[Comment]?
+    # @rbs @trailing_comments: Array[Comment]?
 
     # Create a new location object with the given source, start byte offset, and
     # byte length.
+    #--
+    #: (Source source, Integer start_offset, Integer length) -> void
     def initialize(source, start_offset, length)
       @source = source
       @start_offset = start_offset
@@ -316,53 +427,73 @@ module Prism
 
     # These are the comments that are associated with this location that exist
     # before the start of this location.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Comment]
     def leading_comments
       @leading_comments ||= []
     end
 
     # Attach a comment to the leading comments of this location.
+    #--
+    #: (Comment comment) -> void
     def leading_comment(comment)
       leading_comments << comment
     end
 
     # These are the comments that are associated with this location that exist
     # after the end of this location.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Comment]
     def trailing_comments
       @trailing_comments ||= []
     end
 
     # Attach a comment to the trailing comments of this location.
+    #--
+    #: (Comment comment) -> void
     def trailing_comment(comment)
       trailing_comments << comment
     end
 
     # Returns all comments that are associated with this location (both leading
     # and trailing comments).
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[Comment]
     def comments
-      [*@leading_comments, *@trailing_comments]
+      [*@leading_comments, *@trailing_comments] #: Array[Comment]
     end
 
     # Create a new location object with the given options.
+    #--
+    #: (?source: Source, ?start_offset: Integer, ?length: Integer) -> Location
     def copy(source: self.source, start_offset: self.start_offset, length: self.length)
       Location.new(source, start_offset, length)
     end
 
     # Returns a new location that is the result of chopping off the last byte.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Location
     def chop
       copy(length: length == 0 ? length : length - 1)
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this location.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::Location @start_offset=#{@start_offset} @length=#{@length} start_line=#{start_line}>"
     end
 
     # Returns all of the lines of the source code associated with this location.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Array[String]
     def source_lines
       source.lines
     end
 
     # The source code that this location represents.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def slice
       source.slice(start_offset, length)
     end
@@ -370,6 +501,8 @@ module Prism
     # The source code that this location represents starting from the beginning
     # of the line that this location starts on to the end of the line that this
     # location ends on.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def slice_lines
       line_start = source.line_start(start_offset)
       line_end = source.line_end(end_offset)
@@ -378,118 +511,160 @@ module Prism
 
     # The character offset from the beginning of the source where this location
     # starts.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def start_character_offset
       source.character_offset(start_offset)
     end
 
     # The offset from the start of the file in code units of the given encoding.
+    #--
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def start_code_units_offset(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
       source.code_units_offset(start_offset, encoding)
     end
 
     # The start offset from the start of the file in code units using the given
     # cache to fetch or calculate the value.
+    #--
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
     def cached_start_code_units_offset(cache)
       cache[start_offset]
     end
 
     # The byte offset from the beginning of the source where this location ends.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def end_offset
       start_offset + length
     end
 
     # The character offset from the beginning of the source where this location
     # ends.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def end_character_offset
       source.character_offset(end_offset)
     end
 
     # The offset from the start of the file in code units of the given encoding.
+    #--
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def end_code_units_offset(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
       source.code_units_offset(end_offset, encoding)
     end
 
     # The end offset from the start of the file in code units using the given
     # cache to fetch or calculate the value.
+    #--
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
     def cached_end_code_units_offset(cache)
       cache[end_offset]
     end
 
     # The line number where this location starts.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def start_line
       source.line(start_offset)
     end
 
     # The content of the line where this location starts before this location.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def start_line_slice
       offset = source.line_start(start_offset)
       source.slice(offset, start_offset - offset)
     end
 
     # The line number where this location ends.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def end_line
       source.line(end_offset)
     end
 
-    # The column number in bytes where this location starts from the start of
+    # The column in bytes where this location starts from the start of
     # the line.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def start_column
       source.column(start_offset)
     end
 
-    # The column number in characters where this location ends from the start of
+    # The column in characters where this location ends from the start of
     # the line.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def start_character_column
       source.character_column(start_offset)
     end
 
-    # The column number in code units of the given encoding where this location
+    # The column in code units of the given encoding where this location
     # starts from the start of the line.
+    #--
+    #: (?Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def start_code_units_column(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
       source.code_units_column(start_offset, encoding)
     end
 
     # The start column in code units using the given cache to fetch or calculate
     # the value.
+    #--
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
     def cached_start_code_units_column(cache)
       cache[start_offset] - cache[source.line_start(start_offset)]
     end
 
-    # The column number in bytes where this location ends from the start of the
+    # The column in bytes where this location ends from the start of the
     # line.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def end_column
       source.column(end_offset)
     end
 
-    # The column number in characters where this location ends from the start of
+    # The column in characters where this location ends from the start of
     # the line.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Integer
     def end_character_column
       source.character_column(end_offset)
     end
 
-    # The column number in code units of the given encoding where this location
+    # The column in code units of the given encoding where this location
     # ends from the start of the line.
+    #--
+    #: (?Encoding encoding) -> Integer
     def end_code_units_column(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
       source.code_units_column(end_offset, encoding)
     end
 
     # The end column in code units using the given cache to fetch or calculate
     # the value.
+    #--
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
     def cached_end_code_units_column(cache)
       cache[end_offset] - cache[source.line_start(end_offset)]
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Location.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { start_offset: start_offset, end_offset: end_offset }
     end
 
     # Implement the pretty print interface for Location.
-    def pretty_print(q)
+    #--
+    #: (PP q) -> void
+    def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
       q.text("(#{start_line},#{start_column})-(#{end_line},#{end_column})")
     end
 
     # Returns true if the given other location is equal to this location.
+    #--
+    #: (untyped other) -> bool
     def ==(other)
       Location === other &&
         other.start_offset == start_offset &&
@@ -499,6 +674,8 @@ module Prism
     # Returns a new location that stretches from this location to the given
     # other location. Raises an error if this location is not before the other
     # location or if they don't share the same source.
+    #--
+    #: (Location other) -> Location
     def join(other)
       raise "Incompatible sources" if source != other.source
       raise "Incompatible locations" if start_offset > other.start_offset
@@ -509,6 +686,8 @@ module Prism
     # Join this location with the first occurrence of the string in the source
     # that occurs after this location on the same line, and return the new
     # location. This will raise an error if the string does not exist.
+    #--
+    #: (String string) -> Location
     def adjoin(string)
       line_suffix = source.slice(end_offset, source.line_end(end_offset) - end_offset)
 
@@ -522,23 +701,38 @@ module Prism
   # This represents a comment that was encountered during parsing. It is the
   # base class for all comment types.
   class Comment
-    # The location of this comment in the source.
-    attr_reader :location
+    # The Location of this comment in the source.
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
 
     # Create a new comment object with the given location.
+    #--
+    #: (Location location) -> void
     def initialize(location)
       @location = location
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Comment.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { location: location }
     end
 
     # Returns the content of the comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def slice
       location.slice
     end
+
+    # Returns true if this comment happens on the same line as other code and
+    # false if the comment is by itself. This can only be true for inline
+    # comments and should be false for block comments.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
+    def trailing?
+      raise NotImplementedError, "trailing? is not implemented for #{self.class}"
+    end
   end
 
   # InlineComment objects are the most common. They correspond to comments in
@@ -546,12 +740,16 @@ module Prism
   class InlineComment < Comment
     # Returns true if this comment happens on the same line as other code and
     # false if the comment is by itself.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def trailing?
       !location.start_line_slice.strip.empty?
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this comment.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::InlineComment @location=#{location.inspect}>"
     end
   end
@@ -559,13 +757,17 @@ module Prism
   # EmbDocComment objects correspond to comments that are surrounded by =begin
   # and =end.
   class EmbDocComment < Comment
-    # This can only be true for inline comments.
+    # Returns false. This can only be true for inline comments.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def trailing?
       false
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this comment.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::EmbDocComment @location=#{location.inspect}>"
     end
   end
@@ -573,34 +775,44 @@ module Prism
   # This represents a magic comment that was encountered during parsing.
   class MagicComment
     # A Location object representing the location of the key in the source.
-    attr_reader :key_loc
+    attr_reader :key_loc #: Location
 
     # A Location object representing the location of the value in the source.
-    attr_reader :value_loc
+    attr_reader :value_loc #: Location
 
     # Create a new magic comment object with the given key and value locations.
+    #--
+    #: (Location key_loc, Location value_loc) -> void
     def initialize(key_loc, value_loc)
       @key_loc = key_loc
       @value_loc = value_loc
     end
 
     # Returns the key of the magic comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def key
       key_loc.slice
     end
 
     # Returns the value of the magic comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def value
       value_loc.slice
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for MagicComment.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { key_loc: key_loc, value_loc: value_loc }
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this magic comment.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::MagicComment @key=#{key.inspect} @value=#{value.inspect}>"
     end
   end
@@ -609,18 +821,20 @@ module Prism
   class ParseError
     # The type of error. This is an _internal_ symbol that is used for
     # communicating with translation layers. It is not meant to be public API.
-    attr_reader :type
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
 
     # The message associated with this error.
-    attr_reader :message
+    attr_reader :message #: String
 
     # A Location object representing the location of this error in the source.
-    attr_reader :location
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
 
     # The level of this error.
-    attr_reader :level
+    attr_reader :level #: Symbol
 
     # Create a new error object with the given message and location.
+    #--
+    #: (Symbol type, String message, Location location, Symbol level) -> void
     def initialize(type, message, location, level)
       @type = type
       @message = message
@@ -629,12 +843,16 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseError.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { type: type, message: message, location: location, level: level }
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this error.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::ParseError @type=#{@type.inspect} @message=#{@message.inspect} @location=#{@location.inspect} @level=#{@level.inspect}>"
     end
   end
@@ -643,18 +861,20 @@ module Prism
   class ParseWarning
     # The type of warning. This is an _internal_ symbol that is used for
     # communicating with translation layers. It is not meant to be public API.
-    attr_reader :type
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
 
     # The message associated with this warning.
-    attr_reader :message
+    attr_reader :message #: String
 
     # A Location object representing the location of this warning in the source.
-    attr_reader :location
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
 
     # The level of this warning.
-    attr_reader :level
+    attr_reader :level #: Symbol
 
     # Create a new warning object with the given message and location.
+    #--
+    #: (Symbol type, String message, Location location, Symbol level) -> void
     def initialize(type, message, location, level)
       @type = type
       @message = message
@@ -663,73 +883,116 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseWarning.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { type: type, message: message, location: location, level: level }
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this warning.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       "#<Prism::ParseWarning @type=#{@type.inspect} @message=#{@message.inspect} @location=#{@location.inspect} @level=#{@level.inspect}>"
     end
   end
 
-  # This represents the result of a call to ::parse or ::parse_file. It contains
-  # the requested structure, any comments that were encounters, and any errors
-  # that were encountered.
+  # This represents the result of a call to Prism.parse or Prism.parse_file.
+  # It contains the requested structure, any comments that were encounters,
+  # and any errors that were encountered.
   class Result
     # The list of comments that were encountered during parsing.
-    attr_reader :comments
+    attr_reader :comments #: Array[Comment]
 
     # The list of magic comments that were encountered during parsing.
-    attr_reader :magic_comments
+    attr_reader :magic_comments #: Array[MagicComment]
 
     # An optional location that represents the location of the __END__ marker
     # and the rest of the content of the file. This content is loaded into the
     # DATA constant when the file being parsed is the main file being executed.
-    attr_reader :data_loc
+    attr_reader :data_loc #: Location?
 
     # The list of errors that were generated during parsing.
-    attr_reader :errors
+    attr_reader :errors #: Array[ParseError]
 
     # The list of warnings that were generated during parsing.
-    attr_reader :warnings
+    attr_reader :warnings #: Array[ParseWarning]
 
     # A Source instance that represents the source code that was parsed.
-    attr_reader :source
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
 
     # Create a new result object with the given values.
-    def initialize(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Comment] comments, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
       @comments = comments
       @magic_comments = magic_comments
       @data_loc = data_loc
       @errors = errors
       @warnings = warnings
+      @continuable = continuable
       @source = source
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Result.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { comments: comments, magic_comments: magic_comments, data_loc: data_loc, errors: errors, warnings: warnings }
     end
 
     # Returns the encoding of the source code that was parsed.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Encoding
     def encoding
       source.encoding
     end
 
     # Returns true if there were no errors during parsing and false if there
     # were.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def success?
       errors.empty?
     end
 
     # Returns true if there were errors during parsing and false if there were
     # not.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def failure?
       !success?
     end
 
+    # Returns true if the parsed source is an incomplete expression that could
+    # become valid with additional input. This is useful for REPL contexts (such
+    # as IRB) where the user may be entering a multi-line expression one line at
+    # a time and the implementation needs to determine whether to wait for more
+    # input or to evaluate what has been entered so far.
+    #
+    # Concretely, this returns true when every error present is caused by the
+    # parser reaching the end of the input before a construct was closed (e.g.
+    # an unclosed string, array, block, or keyword), and returns false when any
+    # error is caused by a token that makes the input structurally invalid
+    # regardless of what might follow (e.g. a stray `end`, `]`, or `)` with no
+    # matching opener).
+    #
+    # Examples:
+    #
+    #     Prism.parse("1 + [").continuable?      #=> true  (unclosed array)
+    #     Prism.parse("1 + ]").continuable?      #=> false (stray ])
+    #     Prism.parse("tap do").continuable?     #=> true  (unclosed block)
+    #     Prism.parse("end.tap do").continuable? #=> false (stray end)
+    #
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
+    def continuable?
+      @continuable
+    end
+
     # Create a code units cache for the given encoding.
+    #--
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
     def code_units_cache(encoding)
       source.code_units_cache(encoding)
     end
@@ -746,32 +1009,42 @@ module Prism
     private_constant :Newlines
 
     # The syntax tree that was parsed from the source code.
-    attr_reader :value
+    attr_reader :value #: ProgramNode
 
     # Create a new parse result object with the given values.
-    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+    #--
+    #: (ProgramNode value, Array[Comment] comments, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
       @value = value
-      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseResult.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       super.merge!(value: value)
     end
 
     # Attach the list of comments to their respective locations in the tree.
+    #--
+    #: () -> void
     def attach_comments!
       Comments.new(self).attach! # steep:ignore
     end
 
     # Walk the tree and mark nodes that are on a new line, loosely emulating
     # the behavior of CRuby's `:line` tracepoint event.
+    #--
+    #: () -> void
     def mark_newlines!
       value.accept(Newlines.new(source.offsets.size)) # steep:ignore
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of the syntax tree with the errors
     # displayed inline.
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
     def errors_format
       Errors.new(self).format
     end
@@ -780,16 +1053,20 @@ module Prism
   # This is a result specific to the `lex` and `lex_file` methods.
   class LexResult < Result
     # The list of tokens that were parsed from the source code.
-    attr_reader :value
+    attr_reader :value #: Array[[Token, Integer]]
 
     # Create a new lex result object with the given values.
-    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[[Token, Integer]] value, Array[Comment] comments, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
       @value = value
-      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for LexResult.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       super.merge!(value: value)
     end
   end
@@ -798,16 +1075,20 @@ module Prism
   class ParseLexResult < Result
     # A tuple of the syntax tree and the list of tokens that were parsed from
     # the source code.
-    attr_reader :value
+    attr_reader :value #: [ProgramNode, Array[[Token, Integer]]]
 
     # Create a new parse lex result object with the given values.
-    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+    #--
+    #: ([ProgramNode, Array[[Token, Integer]]] value, Array[Comment] comments, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
       @value = value
-      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, source)
+      super(comments, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseLexResult.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       super.merge!(value: value)
     end
   end
@@ -815,16 +1096,20 @@ module Prism
   # This represents a token from the Ruby source.
   class Token
     # The Source object that represents the source this token came from.
-    attr_reader :source
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
     private :source
 
     # The type of token that this token is.
-    attr_reader :type
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
 
     # A byteslice of the source that this token represents.
-    attr_reader :value
+    attr_reader :value #: String
+
+    # @rbs @location: Location | Integer
 
     # Create a new token object with the given type, value, and location.
+    #--
+    #: (Source source, Symbol type, String value, Location | Integer location) -> void
     def initialize(source, type, value, location)
       @source = source
       @type = type
@@ -833,11 +1118,15 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Token.
-    def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
       { type: type, value: value, location: location }
     end
 
     # A Location object representing the location of this token in the source.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Location
     def location
       location = @location
       return location if location.is_a?(Location)
@@ -845,7 +1134,9 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Implement the pretty print interface for Token.
-    def pretty_print(q)
+    #--
+    #: (PP q) -> void
+    def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
       q.group do
         q.text(type.to_s)
         self.location.pretty_print(q)
@@ -860,6 +1151,8 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Returns true if the given other token is equal to this token.
+    #--
+    #: (untyped other) -> bool
     def ==(other)
       Token === other &&
         other.type == type &&
@@ -867,12 +1160,16 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of this token.
-    def inspect
+    #--
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
       location
       super
     end
 
     # Freeze this object and the objects it contains.
+    #--
+    #: () -> void
     def deep_freeze
       value.freeze
       location.freeze
@@ -887,14 +1184,16 @@ module Prism
   class Scope
     # The list of local variables that are defined in this scope. This should be
     # defined as an array of symbols.
-    attr_reader :locals
+    attr_reader :locals #: Array[Symbol]
 
     # The list of local variables that are forwarded to the next scope. This
     # should by defined as an array of symbols containing the specific values of
     # :*, :**, :&, or :"...".
-    attr_reader :forwarding
+    attr_reader :forwarding #: Array[Symbol]
 
     # Create a new scope object with the given locals and forwarding.
+    #--
+    #: (Array[Symbol] locals, Array[Symbol] forwarding) -> void
     def initialize(locals, forwarding)
       @locals = locals
       @forwarding = forwarding
@@ -904,6 +1203,8 @@ module Prism
   # Create a new scope with the given locals and forwarding options that is
   # suitable for passing into one of the Prism.* methods that accepts the
   # `scopes` option.
+  #--
+  #: (?locals: Array[Symbol], ?forwarding: Array[Symbol]) -> Scope
   def self.scope(locals: [], forwarding: [])
     Scope.new(locals, forwarding)
   end
diff --git a/lib/prism/parse_result/comments.rb b/lib/prism/parse_result/comments.rb
index 22c4148b2c..df80792d39 100644
--- a/lib/prism/parse_result/comments.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/parse_result/comments.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   class ParseResult < Result
@@ -17,32 +20,49 @@ module Prism
     # the comment. Otherwise it will favor attaching to the nearest location
     # that is after the comment.
     class Comments
+      # @rbs!
+      #    # An internal interface for a target that comments can be attached
+      #    # to. This is either going to be a NodeTarget or a CommentTarget.
+      #    interface _CommentTarget
+      #      def start_offset: () -> Integer
+      #      def end_offset: () -> Integer
+      #      def encloses?: (Comment) -> bool
+      #      def leading_comment: (Comment) -> void
+      #      def trailing_comment: (Comment) -> void
+      #    end
+
       # A target for attaching comments that is based on a specific node's
       # location.
       class NodeTarget # :nodoc:
-        attr_reader :node
+        attr_reader :node #: node
 
+        #: (node node) -> void
         def initialize(node)
           @node = node
         end
 
+        #: () -> Integer
         def start_offset
           node.start_offset
         end
 
+        #: () -> Integer
         def end_offset
           node.end_offset
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> bool
         def encloses?(comment)
           start_offset <= comment.location.start_offset &&
             comment.location.end_offset <= end_offset
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> void
         def leading_comment(comment)
           node.location.leading_comment(comment)
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> void
         def trailing_comment(comment)
           node.location.trailing_comment(comment)
         end
@@ -51,44 +71,54 @@ module Prism
       # A target for attaching comments that is based on a location field on a
       # node. For example, the `end` token of a ClassNode.
       class LocationTarget # :nodoc:
-        attr_reader :location
+        attr_reader :location #: Location
 
+        #: (Location location) -> void
         def initialize(location)
           @location = location
         end
 
+        #: () -> Integer
         def start_offset
           location.start_offset
         end
 
+        #: () -> Integer
         def end_offset
           location.end_offset
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> bool
         def encloses?(comment)
           false
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> void
         def leading_comment(comment)
           location.leading_comment(comment)
         end
 
+        #: (Comment comment) -> void
         def trailing_comment(comment)
           location.trailing_comment(comment)
         end
       end
 
       # The parse result that we are attaching comments to.
-      attr_reader :parse_result
+      attr_reader :parse_result #: ParseResult
 
       # Create a new Comments object that will attach comments to the given
       # parse result.
+      #--
+      #: (ParseResult parse_result) -> void
       def initialize(parse_result)
         @parse_result = parse_result
       end
 
       # Attach the comments to their respective locations in the tree by
       # mutating the parse result.
+      #--
+      #: () -> void
       def attach!
         parse_result.comments.each do |comment|
           preceding, enclosing, following = nearest_targets(parse_result.value, comment)
@@ -116,11 +146,13 @@ module Prism
 
       # Responsible for finding the nearest targets to the given comment within
       # the context of the given encapsulating node.
+      #--
+      #: (node node, Comment comment) -> [_CommentTarget?, _CommentTarget?, _CommentTarget?]
       def nearest_targets(node, comment)
         comment_start = comment.location.start_offset
         comment_end = comment.location.end_offset
 
-        targets = [] #: Array[_Target]
+        targets = [] #: Array[_CommentTarget]
         node.comment_targets.map do |value|
           case value
           when StatementsNode
@@ -133,8 +165,8 @@ module Prism
         end
 
         targets.sort_by!(&:start_offset)
-        preceding = nil #: _Target?
-        following = nil #: _Target?
+        preceding = nil #: _CommentTarget?
+        following = nil #: _CommentTarget?
 
         left = 0
         right = targets.length
diff --git a/lib/prism/parse_result/errors.rb b/lib/prism/parse_result/errors.rb
index eb4f317248..388309d23d 100644
--- a/lib/prism/parse_result/errors.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/parse_result/errors.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 require "stringio"
 
@@ -8,14 +11,18 @@ module Prism
     # can be used to format the errors in a human-readable way.
     class Errors
       # The parse result that contains the errors.
-      attr_reader :parse_result
+      attr_reader :parse_result #: ParseResult
 
       # Initialize a new set of errors from the given parse result.
+      #--
+      #: (ParseResult parse_result) -> void
       def initialize(parse_result)
         @parse_result = parse_result
       end
 
       # Formats the errors in a human-readable way and return them as a string.
+      #--
+      #: () -> String
       def format
         error_lines = {} #: Hash[Integer, Array[ParseError]]
         parse_result.errors.each do |error|
diff --git a/lib/prism/parse_result/newlines.rb b/lib/prism/parse_result/newlines.rb
index 37f64f8ae2..450c790226 100644
--- a/lib/prism/parse_result/newlines.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/parse_result/newlines.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   class ParseResult < Result
@@ -23,13 +26,20 @@ module Prism
     # that case. We do that to avoid storing the extra `@newline` instance
     # variable on every node if we don't need it.
     class Newlines < Visitor
+      # The map of lines indices to whether or not they have been marked as
+      # emitting a newline event.
+      # @rbs @lines: Array[bool]
+
       # Create a new Newlines visitor with the given newline offsets.
+      #--
+      #: (Integer lines) -> void
       def initialize(lines)
-        # @type var lines: Integer
         @lines = Array.new(1 + lines, false)
       end
 
-      # Permit block/lambda nodes to mark newlines within themselves.
+      # Permit block nodes to mark newlines within themselves.
+      #--
+      #: (BlockNode node) -> void
       def visit_block_node(node)
         old_lines = @lines
         @lines = Array.new(old_lines.size, false)
@@ -41,17 +51,39 @@ module Prism
         end
       end
 
-      alias_method :visit_lambda_node, :visit_block_node
+      # Permit lambda nodes to mark newlines within themselves.
+      #--
+      #: (LambdaNode node) -> void
+      def visit_lambda_node(node)
+        old_lines = @lines
+        @lines = Array.new(old_lines.size, false)
+
+        begin
+          super(node)
+        ensure
+          @lines = old_lines
+        end
+      end
 
-      # Mark if/unless nodes as newlines.
+      # Mark if nodes as newlines.
+      #--
+      #: (IfNode node) -> void
       def visit_if_node(node)
         node.newline_flag!(@lines)
         super(node)
       end
 
-      alias_method :visit_unless_node, :visit_if_node
+      # Mark unless nodes as newlines.
+      #--
+      #: (UnlessNode node) -> void
+      def visit_unless_node(node)
+        node.newline_flag!(@lines)
+        super(node)
+      end
 
       # Permit statements lists to mark newlines within themselves.
+      #--
+      #: (StatementsNode node) -> void
       def visit_statements_node(node)
         node.body.each do |child|
           child.newline_flag!(@lines)
@@ -62,10 +94,16 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class Node
+    # Tracks whether or not this node should emit a newline event when the
+    # instructions that it represents are executed.
+    # @rbs @newline_flag: bool
+
+    #: () -> bool
     def newline_flag? # :nodoc:
       !!defined?(@newline_flag)
     end
 
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       line = location.start_line
       unless lines[line]
@@ -76,48 +114,56 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class BeginNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       # Never mark BeginNode with a newline flag, mark children instead.
     end
   end
 
   class ParenthesesNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       # Never mark ParenthesesNode with a newline flag, mark children instead.
     end
   end
 
   class IfNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       predicate.newline_flag!(lines)
     end
   end
 
   class UnlessNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       predicate.newline_flag!(lines)
     end
   end
 
   class UntilNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       predicate.newline_flag!(lines)
     end
   end
 
   class WhileNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       predicate.newline_flag!(lines)
     end
   end
 
   class RescueModifierNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       expression.newline_flag!(lines)
     end
   end
 
   class InterpolatedMatchLastLineNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       first = parts.first
       first.newline_flag!(lines) if first
@@ -125,6 +171,7 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class InterpolatedRegularExpressionNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       first = parts.first
       first.newline_flag!(lines) if first
@@ -132,6 +179,7 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class InterpolatedStringNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       first = parts.first
       first.newline_flag!(lines) if first
@@ -139,6 +187,7 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class InterpolatedSymbolNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       first = parts.first
       first.newline_flag!(lines) if first
@@ -146,6 +195,7 @@ module Prism
   end
 
   class InterpolatedXStringNode < Node
+    #: (Array[bool] lines) -> void
     def newline_flag!(lines) # :nodoc:
       first = parts.first
       first.newline_flag!(lines) if first
diff --git a/lib/prism/pattern.rb b/lib/prism/pattern.rb
index 03fec26789..be0493df05 100644
--- a/lib/prism/pattern.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/pattern.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   # A pattern is an object that wraps a Ruby pattern matching expression. The
@@ -40,7 +43,9 @@ module Prism
     class CompilationError < StandardError
       # Create a new CompilationError with the given representation of the node
       # that caused the error.
-      def initialize(repr)
+      #--
+      #: (String repr) -> void
+      def initialize(repr) # :nodoc:
         super(<<~ERROR)
           prism was unable to compile the pattern you provided into a usable
           expression. It failed on to understand the node represented by:
@@ -56,10 +61,13 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # The query that this pattern was initialized with.
-    attr_reader :query
+    attr_reader :query #: String
+    # @rbs @compiled: Proc?
 
     # Create a new pattern with the given query. The query should be a string
     # containing a Ruby pattern matching expression.
+    #--
+    #: (String query) -> void
     def initialize(query)
       @query = query
       @compiled = nil
@@ -67,6 +75,8 @@ module Prism
 
     # Compile the query into a callable object that can be used to match against
     # nodes.
+    #--
+    #: () -> Proc
     def compile
       result = Prism.parse("case nil\nin #{query}\nend")
 
@@ -83,7 +93,10 @@ module Prism
     # pattern. If a block is given, it will be called with each node that
     # matches the pattern. If no block is given, an enumerator will be returned
     # that will yield each node that matches the pattern.
-    def scan(root)
+    #--
+    #: (node root) -> Enumerator[node, void]
+    #: (node root) { (node) -> void } -> void
+    def scan(root, &blk)
       return to_enum(:scan, root) unless block_given?
 
       @compiled ||= compile
@@ -99,23 +112,33 @@ module Prism
 
     # Shortcut for combining two procs into one that returns true if both return
     # true.
-    def combine_and(left, right)
+    #--
+    #: (Proc left, Proc right) -> Proc
+    def combine_and(left, right) # :nodoc:
       ->(other) { left.call(other) && right.call(other) }
     end
 
     # Shortcut for combining two procs into one that returns true if either
     # returns true.
-    def combine_or(left, right)
+    #--
+    #: (Proc left, Proc right) -> Proc
+    def combine_or(left, right) # :nodoc:
       ->(other) { left.call(other) || right.call(other) }
     end
 
-    # Raise an error because the given node is not supported.
-    def compile_error(node)
+    # Raise an error because the given node is not supported. Note purposefully
+    # not typing this method since it is a no return method that Steep does not
+    # understand.
+    #--
+    #: (node node) -> bot
+    def compile_error(node) # :nodoc:
       raise CompilationError, node.inspect
     end
 
     # in [foo, bar, baz]
-    def compile_array_pattern_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (ArrayPatternNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_array_pattern_node(node) # :nodoc:
       compile_error(node) if !node.rest.nil? || node.posts.any?
 
       constant = node.constant
@@ -140,12 +163,16 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # in foo | bar
-    def compile_alternation_pattern_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (AlternationPatternNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_alternation_pattern_node(node) # :nodoc:
       combine_or(compile_node(node.left), compile_node(node.right))
     end
 
     # in Prism::ConstantReadNode
-    def compile_constant_path_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (ConstantPathNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_constant_path_node(node) # :nodoc:
       parent = node.parent
 
       if parent.is_a?(ConstantReadNode) && parent.slice == "Prism"
@@ -160,12 +187,16 @@ module Prism
 
     # in ConstantReadNode
     # in String
-    def compile_constant_read_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (ConstantReadNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_constant_read_node(node) # :nodoc:
       compile_constant_name(node, node.name)
     end
 
     # Compile a name associated with a constant.
-    def compile_constant_name(node, name)
+    #--
+    #: ((ConstantPathNode | ConstantReadNode) node, Symbol name) -> Proc
+    def compile_constant_name(node, name) # :nodoc:
       if Prism.const_defined?(name, false)
         clazz = Prism.const_get(name)
 
@@ -181,9 +212,14 @@ module Prism
 
     # in InstanceVariableReadNode[name: Symbol]
     # in { name: Symbol }
-    def compile_hash_pattern_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (HashPatternNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_hash_pattern_node(node) # :nodoc:
       compile_error(node) if node.rest
-      compiled_constant = compile_node(node.constant) if node.constant
+
+      if (constant = node.constant)
+        compiled_constant = compile_node(constant)
+      end
 
       preprocessed =
         node.elements.to_h do |element|
@@ -211,12 +247,16 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # in nil
-    def compile_nil_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (NilNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_nil_node(node) # :nodoc:
       ->(attribute) { attribute.nil? }
     end
 
     # in /foo/
-    def compile_regular_expression_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (RegularExpressionNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_regular_expression_node(node) # :nodoc:
       regexp = Regexp.new(node.unescaped, node.closing[1..])
 
       ->(attribute) { regexp === attribute }
@@ -224,7 +264,9 @@ module Prism
 
     # in ""
     # in "foo"
-    def compile_string_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (StringNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_string_node(node) # :nodoc:
       string = node.unescaped
 
       ->(attribute) { string === attribute }
@@ -232,7 +274,9 @@ module Prism
 
     # in :+
     # in :foo
-    def compile_symbol_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (SymbolNode node) -> Proc
+    def compile_symbol_node(node) # :nodoc:
       symbol = node.unescaped.to_sym
 
       ->(attribute) { symbol === attribute }
@@ -240,7 +284,9 @@ module Prism
 
     # Compile any kind of node. Dispatch out to the individual compilation
     # methods based on the type of node.
-    def compile_node(node)
+    #--
+    #: (node node) -> Proc
+    def compile_node(node) # :nodoc:
       case node
       when AlternationPatternNode
         compile_alternation_pattern_node(node)
diff --git a/lib/prism/polyfill/append_as_bytes.rb b/lib/prism/polyfill/append_as_bytes.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24218bd171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/polyfill/append_as_bytes.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Polyfill for String#append_as_bytes, which didn't exist until Ruby 3.4.
+if !("".respond_to?(:append_as_bytes))
+  String.include(
+    Module.new {
+      def append_as_bytes(*args)
+        args.each do |arg|
+          arg = Integer === arg ? [arg].pack("C") : arg.b
+          self.<<(arg) # steep:ignore
+        end
+      end
+    }
+  )
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/polyfill/scan_byte.rb b/lib/prism/polyfill/scan_byte.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9276e509fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/polyfill/scan_byte.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "strscan"
+
+# Polyfill for StringScanner#scan_byte, which didn't exist until Ruby 3.4.
+if !(StringScanner.method_defined?(:scan_byte))
+  StringScanner.include(
+    Module.new {
+      def scan_byte # :nodoc:
+        get_byte&.b&.ord
+      end
+    }
+  )
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/polyfill/warn.rb b/lib/prism/polyfill/warn.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76a4264623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/polyfill/warn.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Polyfill for Kernel#warn with the category parameter. Not all Ruby engines
+# have Method#parameters implemented, so we check the arity instead if
+# necessary.
+if (method = Kernel.instance_method(:warn)).respond_to?(:parameters) ? method.parameters.none? { |_, name| name == :category } : (method.arity == -1)
+  Kernel.prepend(
+    Module.new {
+      def warn(*msgs, uplevel: nil, category: nil) # :nodoc:
+        case uplevel
+        when nil
+          super(*msgs)
+        when Integer
+          super(*msgs, uplevel: uplevel + 1)
+        else
+          super(*msgs, uplevel: uplevel.to_int + 1)
+        end
+      end
+    }
+  )
+
+  Object.prepend(
+    Module.new {
+      def warn(*msgs, uplevel: nil, category: nil) # :nodoc:
+        case uplevel
+        when nil
+          super(*msgs)
+        when Integer
+          super(*msgs, uplevel: uplevel + 1)
+        else
+          super(*msgs, uplevel: uplevel.to_int + 1)
+        end
+      end
+    }
+  )
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/prism.gemspec b/lib/prism/prism.gemspec
index b8d43e4e60..aac056b3f8 100644
--- a/lib/prism/prism.gemspec
+++ b/lib/prism/prism.gemspec
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.name = "prism"
-  spec.version = "1.3.0"
+  spec.version = "1.9.0"
   spec.authors = ["Shopify"]
   spec.email = ["ruby@shopify.com"]
 
@@ -42,31 +42,69 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
     "docs/serialization.md",
     "docs/testing.md",
     "ext/prism/api_node.c",
-    "ext/prism/api_pack.c",
+    "ext/prism/extconf.rb",
     "ext/prism/extension.c",
     "ext/prism/extension.h",
     "include/prism.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/accel.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/align.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/exported.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/fallthrough.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/filesystem.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/flex_array.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/force_inline.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/format.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/inline.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/nodiscard.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/nonnull.h",
+    "include/prism/compiler/unused.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/allocator.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/allocator_debug.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/arena.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/bit.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/buffer.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/char.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/comments.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/constant_pool.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/diagnostic.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/encoding.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/integer.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/isinf.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/line_offset_list.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/list.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/magic_comments.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/memchr.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/node.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/options.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/parser.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/regexp.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/serialize.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/source.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/static_literals.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/strncasecmp.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/stringy.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/strpbrk.h",
+    "include/prism/internal/tokens.h",
+    "include/prism/arena.h",
     "include/prism/ast.h",
-    "include/prism/defines.h",
+    "include/prism/buffer.h",
+    "include/prism/comments.h",
+    "include/prism/constant_pool.h",
     "include/prism/diagnostic.h",
-    "include/prism/encoding.h",
+    "include/prism/excludes.h",
+    "include/prism/integer.h",
+    "include/prism/json.h",
+    "include/prism/line_offset_list.h",
+    "include/prism/magic_comments.h",
     "include/prism/node.h",
     "include/prism/options.h",
-    "include/prism/pack.h",
     "include/prism/parser.h",
     "include/prism/prettyprint.h",
-    "include/prism/regexp.h",
-    "include/prism/static_literals.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_buffer.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_char.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_constant_pool.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_integer.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_list.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_memchr.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_newline_list.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_strncasecmp.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_string.h",
-    "include/prism/util/pm_strpbrk.h",
+    "include/prism/serialize.h",
+    "include/prism/source.h",
+    "include/prism/stream.h",
+    "include/prism/string_query.h",
+    "include/prism/stringy.h",
     "include/prism/version.h",
     "lib/prism.rb",
     "lib/prism/compiler.rb",
@@ -79,87 +117,112 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
     "lib/prism/lex_compat.rb",
     "lib/prism/mutation_compiler.rb",
     "lib/prism/node_ext.rb",
+    "lib/prism/node_find.rb",
     "lib/prism/node.rb",
-    "lib/prism/pack.rb",
     "lib/prism/parse_result.rb",
     "lib/prism/parse_result/comments.rb",
     "lib/prism/parse_result/errors.rb",
     "lib/prism/parse_result/newlines.rb",
     "lib/prism/pattern.rb",
+    "lib/prism/polyfill/append_as_bytes.rb",
     "lib/prism/polyfill/byteindex.rb",
+    "lib/prism/polyfill/scan_byte.rb",
     "lib/prism/polyfill/unpack1.rb",
+    "lib/prism/polyfill/warn.rb",
     "lib/prism/reflection.rb",
     "lib/prism/relocation.rb",
     "lib/prism/serialize.rb",
     "lib/prism/string_query.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser.rb",
-    "lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb",
-    "lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb",
-    "lib/prism/translation/parser35.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/parser_current.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/parser_versions.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/builder.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/ripper.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/ripper/filter.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/ripper/lexer.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/ripper/sexp.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/ripper/shim.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/ruby_parser.rb",
     "lib/prism/visitor.rb",
     "prism.gemspec",
-    "rbi/prism.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/compiler.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/dsl.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/inspect_visitor.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/node_ext.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/node.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/parse_result.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/reflection.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/string_query.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/compiler.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/desugar_compiler.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/dispatcher.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/dot_visitor.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/dsl.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/inspect_visitor.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/lex_compat.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/mutation_compiler.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/node.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/node_ext.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/node_find.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/parse_result.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/pattern.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/reflection.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/relocation.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/serialize.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/string_query.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/translation.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/visitor.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/parse_result/comments.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/parse_result/errors.rbi",
+    "rbi/generated/prism/parse_result/newlines.rbi",
     "rbi/prism/translation/parser.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/translation/parser33.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/translation/parser34.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/translation/parser35.rbi",
+    "rbi/prism/translation/parser_versions.rbi",
     "rbi/prism/translation/ripper.rbi",
-    "rbi/prism/visitor.rbi",
-    "sig/prism.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/compiler.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/dispatcher.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/dot_visitor.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/dsl.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/inspect_visitor.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/lex_compat.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/mutation_compiler.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/node_ext.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/node.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/pack.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/parse_result.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/pattern.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/reflection.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/relocation.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/serialize.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/string_query.rbs",
-    "sig/prism/visitor.rbs",
+    "rbi/rubyvm/node_find.rbi",
+    "sig/generated/prism.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/compiler.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/desugar_compiler.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/dispatcher.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/dot_visitor.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/dsl.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/inspect_visitor.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/lex_compat.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/mutation_compiler.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/node.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/node_ext.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/node_find.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/parse_result.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/pattern.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/reflection.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/relocation.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/serialize.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/string_query.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/translation.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/visitor.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/parse_result/comments.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/parse_result/errors.rbs",
+    "sig/generated/prism/parse_result/newlines.rbs",
+    "src/arena.c",
+    "src/buffer.c",
+    "src/char.c",
+    "src/constant_pool.c",
     "src/diagnostic.c",
     "src/encoding.c",
+    "src/integer.c",
+    "src/json.c",
+    "src/line_offset_list.c",
+    "src/list.c",
+    "src/memchr.c",
     "src/node.c",
     "src/options.c",
-    "src/pack.c",
+    "src/parser.c",
     "src/prettyprint.c",
     "src/prism.c",
     "src/regexp.c",
     "src/serialize.c",
+    "src/source.c",
     "src/static_literals.c",
-    "src/token_type.c",
-    "src/util/pm_buffer.c",
-    "src/util/pm_char.c",
-    "src/util/pm_constant_pool.c",
-    "src/util/pm_integer.c",
-    "src/util/pm_list.c",
-    "src/util/pm_memchr.c",
-    "src/util/pm_newline_list.c",
-    "src/util/pm_string.c",
-    "src/util/pm_strncasecmp.c",
-    "src/util/pm_strpbrk.c"
+    "src/string_query.c",
+    "src/stringy.c",
+    "src/strncasecmp.c",
+    "src/strpbrk.c",
+    "src/tokens.c"
   ]
 
   spec.extensions = ["ext/prism/extconf.rb"]
diff --git a/lib/prism/relocation.rb b/lib/prism/relocation.rb
index 163d2012c5..af0f792827 100644
--- a/lib/prism/relocation.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/relocation.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   # Prism parses deterministically for the same input. This provides a nice
@@ -11,6 +14,33 @@ module Prism
   # "save" nodes and locations using a minimal amount of memory (just the
   # node_id and a field identifier) and then reify them later.
   module Relocation
+    # @rbs!
+    #    type entry_value = untyped
+    #    type entry_values = Hash[Symbol, entry_value]
+    #
+    #    interface _Value
+    #      def start_line: () -> Integer
+    #      def end_line: () -> Integer
+    #      def start_offset: () -> Integer
+    #      def end_offset: () -> Integer
+    #      def start_character_offset: () -> Integer
+    #      def end_character_offset: () -> Integer
+    #      def cached_start_code_units_offset: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    #      def cached_end_code_units_offset: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    #      def start_column: () -> Integer
+    #      def end_column: () -> Integer
+    #      def start_character_column: () -> Integer
+    #      def end_character_column: () -> Integer
+    #      def cached_start_code_units_column: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    #      def cached_end_code_units_column: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    #      def leading_comments: () -> Array[Comment]
+    #      def trailing_comments: () -> Array[Comment]
+    #    end
+    #
+    #    interface _Field
+    #      def fields: (_Value value) -> entry_values
+    #    end
+
     # An entry in a repository that will lazily reify its values when they are
     # first accessed.
     class Entry
@@ -20,109 +50,152 @@ module Prism
       class MissingValueError < StandardError
       end
 
+      # @rbs @repository: Repository?
+      # @rbs @values: Hash[Symbol, untyped]?
+
       # Initialize a new entry with the given repository.
+      #--
+      #: (Repository repository) -> void
       def initialize(repository)
         @repository = repository
         @values = nil
       end
 
       # Fetch the filepath of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> String
       def filepath
         fetch_value(:filepath)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start line of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_line
         fetch_value(:start_line)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end line of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_line
         fetch_value(:end_line)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start byte offset of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_offset
         fetch_value(:start_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end byte offset of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_offset
         fetch_value(:end_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start character offset of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_character_offset
         fetch_value(:start_character_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end character offset of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_character_offset
         fetch_value(:end_character_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start code units offset of the value, for the encoding that
       # was configured on the repository.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_code_units_offset
         fetch_value(:start_code_units_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end code units offset of the value, for the encoding that was
       # configured on the repository.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_code_units_offset
         fetch_value(:end_code_units_offset)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start byte column of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_column
         fetch_value(:start_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end byte column of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_column
         fetch_value(:end_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start character column of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_character_column
         fetch_value(:start_character_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end character column of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_character_column
         fetch_value(:end_character_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the start code units column of the value, for the encoding that
       # was configured on the repository.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def start_code_units_column
         fetch_value(:start_code_units_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the end code units column of the value, for the encoding that was
       # configured on the repository.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Integer
       def end_code_units_column
         fetch_value(:end_code_units_column)
       end
 
       # Fetch the leading comments of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Array[CommentsField::Comment]
       def leading_comments
         fetch_value(:leading_comments)
       end
 
       # Fetch the trailing comments of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Array[CommentsField::Comment]
       def trailing_comments
         fetch_value(:trailing_comments)
       end
 
       # Fetch the leading and trailing comments of the value.
+      #--
+      #: () -> Array[CommentsField::Comment]
       def comments
-        leading_comments.concat(trailing_comments)
+        [*leading_comments, *trailing_comments]
       end
 
       # Reify the values on this entry with the given values. This is an
       # internal-only API that is called from the repository when it is time to
       # reify the values.
+      #--
+      #: (entry_values values) -> void
       def reify!(values) # :nodoc:
         @repository = nil
         @values = values
@@ -131,6 +204,8 @@ module Prism
       private
 
       # Fetch a value from the entry, raising an error if it is missing.
+      #--
+      #: (Symbol name) -> entry_value
       def fetch_value(name)
         values.fetch(name) do
           raise MissingValueError, "No value for #{name}, make sure the " \
@@ -139,27 +214,35 @@ module Prism
       end
 
       # Return the values from the repository, reifying them if necessary.
+      #--
+      #: () -> entry_values
       def values
-        @values || (@repository.reify!; @values)
+        @values || (@repository&.reify!; @values) #: entry_values
       end
     end
 
     # Represents the source of a repository that will be reparsed.
     class Source
       # The value that will need to be reparsed.
-      attr_reader :value
+      attr_reader :value #: untyped
 
       # Initialize the source with the given value.
+      #--
+      #: (untyped value) -> void
       def initialize(value)
         @value = value
       end
 
       # Reparse the value and return the parse result.
+      #--
+      #: () -> ParseResult
       def result
         raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement #result"
       end
 
       # Create a code units cache for the given encoding.
+      #--
+      #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
       def code_units_cache(encoding)
         result.code_units_cache(encoding)
       end
@@ -168,6 +251,8 @@ module Prism
     # A source that is represented by a file path.
     class SourceFilepath < Source
       # Reparse the file and return the parse result.
+      #--
+      #: () -> ParseResult
       def result
         Prism.parse_file(value)
       end
@@ -176,6 +261,8 @@ module Prism
     # A source that is represented by a string.
     class SourceString < Source
       # Reparse the string and return the parse result.
+      #--
+      #: () -> ParseResult
       def result
         Prism.parse(value)
       end
@@ -184,14 +271,18 @@ module Prism
     # A field that represents the file path.
     class FilepathField
       # The file path that this field represents.
-      attr_reader :value
+      attr_reader :value #: String
 
       # Initialize a new field with the given file path.
+      #--
+      #: (String value) -> void
       def initialize(value)
         @value = value
       end
 
       # Fetch the file path.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value _value) -> entry_values
       def fields(_value)
         { filepath: value }
       end
@@ -200,6 +291,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the start and end lines.
     class LinesField
       # Fetches the start and end line of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         { start_line: value.start_line, end_line: value.end_line }
       end
@@ -208,6 +301,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the start and end byte offsets.
     class OffsetsField
       # Fetches the start and end byte offset of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         { start_offset: value.start_offset, end_offset: value.end_offset }
       end
@@ -216,6 +311,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the start and end character offsets.
     class CharacterOffsetsField
       # Fetches the start and end character offset of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         {
           start_character_offset: value.start_character_offset,
@@ -228,12 +325,16 @@ module Prism
     class CodeUnitOffsetsField
       # A pointer to the repository object that is used for lazily creating a
       # code units cache.
-      attr_reader :repository
+      attr_reader :repository #: Repository
 
       # The associated encoding for the code units.
-      attr_reader :encoding
+      attr_reader :encoding #: Encoding
+
+      # @rbs @cache: _CodeUnitsCache?
 
       # Initialize a new field with the associated repository and encoding.
+      #--
+      #: (Repository repository, Encoding encoding) -> void
       def initialize(repository, encoding)
         @repository = repository
         @encoding = encoding
@@ -242,6 +343,8 @@ module Prism
 
       # Fetches the start and end code units offset of a value for a particular
       # encoding.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         {
           start_code_units_offset: value.cached_start_code_units_offset(cache),
@@ -252,6 +355,8 @@ module Prism
       private
 
       # Lazily create a code units cache for the associated encoding.
+      #--
+      #: () -> _CodeUnitsCache
       def cache
         @cache ||= repository.code_units_cache(encoding)
       end
@@ -260,6 +365,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the start and end byte columns.
     class ColumnsField
       # Fetches the start and end byte column of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         { start_column: value.start_column, end_column: value.end_column }
       end
@@ -268,6 +375,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the start and end character columns.
     class CharacterColumnsField
       # Fetches the start and end character column of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         {
           start_character_column: value.start_character_column,
@@ -281,12 +390,16 @@ module Prism
     class CodeUnitColumnsField
       # The repository object that is used for lazily creating a code units
       # cache.
-      attr_reader :repository
+      attr_reader :repository #: Repository
 
       # The associated encoding for the code units.
-      attr_reader :encoding
+      attr_reader :encoding #: Encoding
+
+      # @rbs @cache: _CodeUnitsCache?
 
       # Initialize a new field with the associated repository and encoding.
+      #--
+      #: (Repository repository, Encoding encoding) -> void
       def initialize(repository, encoding)
         @repository = repository
         @encoding = encoding
@@ -295,6 +408,8 @@ module Prism
 
       # Fetches the start and end code units column of a value for a particular
       # encoding.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         {
           start_code_units_column: value.cached_start_code_units_column(cache),
@@ -305,6 +420,8 @@ module Prism
       private
 
       # Lazily create a code units cache for the associated encoding.
+      #--
+      #: () -> _CodeUnitsCache
       def cache
         @cache ||= repository.code_units_cache(encoding)
       end
@@ -315,9 +432,11 @@ module Prism
       # An object that represents a slice of a comment.
       class Comment
         # The slice of the comment.
-        attr_reader :slice
+        attr_reader :slice #: String
 
         # Initialize a new comment with the given slice.
+        #
+        #: (String slice) -> void
         def initialize(slice)
           @slice = slice
         end
@@ -326,6 +445,8 @@ module Prism
       private
 
       # Create comment objects from the given values.
+      #--
+      #: (entry_value values) -> Array[Comment]
       def comments(values)
         values.map { |value| Comment.new(value.slice) }
       end
@@ -334,6 +455,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the leading comments.
     class LeadingCommentsField < CommentsField
       # Fetches the leading comments of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         { leading_comments: comments(value.leading_comments) }
       end
@@ -342,6 +465,8 @@ module Prism
     # A field representing the trailing comments.
     class TrailingCommentsField < CommentsField
       # Fetches the trailing comments of a value.
+      #--
+      #: (_Value value) -> entry_values
       def fields(value)
         { trailing_comments: comments(value.trailing_comments) }
       end
@@ -357,15 +482,17 @@ module Prism
 
       # The source associated with this repository. This will be either a
       # SourceFilepath (the most common use case) or a SourceString.
-      attr_reader :source
+      attr_reader :source #: Source
 
       # The fields that have been configured on this repository.
-      attr_reader :fields
+      attr_reader :fields #: Hash[Symbol, _Field]
 
       # The entries that have been saved on this repository.
-      attr_reader :entries
+      attr_reader :entries #: Hash[Integer, Hash[Symbol, Entry]]
 
       # Initialize a new repository with the given source.
+      #--
+      #: (Source source) -> void
       def initialize(source)
         @source = source
         @fields = {}
@@ -373,69 +500,93 @@ module Prism
       end
 
       # Create a code units cache for the given encoding from the source.
+      #--
+      #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
       def code_units_cache(encoding)
         source.code_units_cache(encoding)
       end
 
       # Configure the filepath field for this repository and return self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def filepath
         raise ConfigurationError, "Can only specify filepath for a filepath source" unless source.is_a?(SourceFilepath)
         field(:filepath, FilepathField.new(source.value))
       end
 
       # Configure the lines field for this repository and return self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def lines
         field(:lines, LinesField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the offsets field for this repository and return self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def offsets
         field(:offsets, OffsetsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the character offsets field for this repository and return
       # self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def character_offsets
         field(:character_offsets, CharacterOffsetsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the code unit offsets field for this repository for a specific
       # encoding and return self.
+      #--
+      #: (Encoding encoding) -> self
       def code_unit_offsets(encoding)
         field(:code_unit_offsets, CodeUnitOffsetsField.new(self, encoding))
       end
 
       # Configure the columns field for this repository and return self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def columns
         field(:columns, ColumnsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the character columns field for this repository and return
       # self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def character_columns
         field(:character_columns, CharacterColumnsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the code unit columns field for this repository for a specific
       # encoding and return self.
+      #--
+      #: (Encoding encoding) -> self
       def code_unit_columns(encoding)
         field(:code_unit_columns, CodeUnitColumnsField.new(self, encoding))
       end
 
       # Configure the leading comments field for this repository and return
       # self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def leading_comments
         field(:leading_comments, LeadingCommentsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure the trailing comments field for this repository and return
       # self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def trailing_comments
         field(:trailing_comments, TrailingCommentsField.new)
       end
 
       # Configure both the leading and trailing comment fields for this
       # repository and return self.
+      #--
+      #: () -> self
       def comments
         leading_comments.trailing_comments
       end
@@ -443,6 +594,8 @@ module Prism
       # This method is called from nodes and locations when they want to enter
       # themselves into the repository. It it internal-only and meant to be
       # called from the #save* APIs.
+      #--
+      #: (Integer node_id, Symbol field_name) -> Entry
       def enter(node_id, field_name) # :nodoc:
         entry = Entry.new(self)
         @entries[node_id][field_name] = entry
@@ -452,6 +605,8 @@ module Prism
       # This method is called from the entries in the repository when they need
       # to reify their values. It is internal-only and meant to be called from
       # the various value APIs.
+      #--
+      #: () -> void
       def reify! # :nodoc:
         result = source.result
 
@@ -465,7 +620,7 @@ module Prism
         while (node = queue.shift)
           @entries[node.node_id].each do |field_name, entry|
             value = node.public_send(field_name)
-            values = {} #: Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+            values = {} #: entry_values
 
             fields.each_value do |field|
               values.merge!(field.fields(value))
@@ -484,6 +639,8 @@ module Prism
 
       # Append the given field to the repository and return the repository so
       # that these calls can be chained.
+      #--
+      #: (Symbol name, _Field) -> self
       def field(name, value)
         raise ConfigurationError, "Cannot specify multiple #{name} fields" if @fields.key?(name)
         @fields[name] = value
@@ -492,11 +649,15 @@ module Prism
     end
 
     # Create a new repository for the given filepath.
+    #--
+    #: (String value) -> Repository
     def self.filepath(value)
       Repository.new(SourceFilepath.new(value))
     end
 
     # Create a new repository for the given string.
+    #--
+    #: (String value) -> Repository
     def self.string(value)
       Repository.new(SourceString.new(value))
     end
diff --git a/lib/prism/string_query.rb b/lib/prism/string_query.rb
index 9011051d2b..99ce57e5fe 100644
--- a/lib/prism/string_query.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/string_query.rb
@@ -1,28 +1,44 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   # Query methods that allow categorizing strings based on their context for
   # where they could be valid in a Ruby syntax tree.
   class StringQuery
+    # @rbs!
+    #    def self.local?: (String string) -> bool
+    #    def self.constant?: (String string) -> bool
+    #    def self.method_name?: (String string) -> bool
+
     # The string that this query is wrapping.
-    attr_reader :string
+    attr_reader :string #: String
 
     # Initialize a new query with the given string.
+    #--
+    #: (String string) -> void
     def initialize(string)
       @string = string
     end
 
     # Whether or not this string is a valid local variable name.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def local?
       StringQuery.local?(string)
     end
 
     # Whether or not this string is a valid constant name.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def constant?
       StringQuery.constant?(string)
     end
 
     # Whether or not this string is a valid method name.
+    #--
+    #: () -> bool
     def method_name?
       StringQuery.method_name?(string)
     end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation.rb b/lib/prism/translation.rb
index f5044b9e38..5a086a7542 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
 
 module Prism
   # This module is responsible for converting the prism syntax tree into other
   # syntax trees.
   module Translation # steep:ignore
     autoload :Parser, "prism/translation/parser"
-    autoload :Parser33, "prism/translation/parser33"
-    autoload :Parser34, "prism/translation/parser34"
-    autoload :Parser35, "prism/translation/parser35"
+    autoload :ParserCurrent, "prism/translation/parser_current"
+    autoload :Parser33, "prism/translation/parser_versions"
+    autoload :Parser34, "prism/translation/parser_versions"
+    autoload :Parser35, "prism/translation/parser_versions"
+    autoload :Parser40, "prism/translation/parser_versions"
+    autoload :Parser41, "prism/translation/parser_versions"
     autoload :Ripper, "prism/translation/ripper"
     autoload :RubyParser, "prism/translation/ruby_parser"
   end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser.rb
index 5f2f01dbda..70031f133a 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 begin
+  required_version = ">= 3.3.7.2"
+  gem "parser", required_version
   require "parser"
 rescue LoadError
-  warn(%q{Error: Unable to load parser. Add `gem "parser"` to your Gemfile.})
+  warn(<<~MSG)
+    Error: Unable to load parser #{required_version}. \
+    Add `gem "parser"` to your Gemfile or run `bundle update parser`.
+  MSG
   exit(1)
 end
 
@@ -13,6 +19,13 @@ module Prism
     # whitequark/parser gem's syntax tree. It inherits from the base parser for
     # the parser gem, and overrides the parse* methods to parse with prism and
     # then translate.
+    #
+    # Note that this version of the parser always parses using the latest
+    # version of Ruby syntax supported by Prism. If you want specific version
+    # support, use one of the version-specific subclasses, such as
+    # `Prism::Translation::Parser34`. If you want to parse using the same
+    # version of Ruby syntax as the currently running version of Ruby, use
+    # `Prism::Translation::ParserCurrent`.
     class Parser < ::Parser::Base
       Diagnostic = ::Parser::Diagnostic # :nodoc:
       private_constant :Diagnostic
@@ -20,7 +33,7 @@ module Prism
       # The parser gem has a list of diagnostics with a hard-coded set of error
       # messages. We create our own diagnostic class in order to set our own
       # error messages.
-      class PrismDiagnostic < Diagnostic
+      class PrismDiagnostic < Diagnostic # :nodoc:
         # This is the cached message coming from prism.
         attr_reader :message
 
@@ -59,13 +72,19 @@ module Prism
       # should be implemented as needed.
       #
       def initialize(builder = Prism::Translation::Parser::Builder.new, parser: Prism)
+        if !builder.is_a?(Prism::Translation::Parser::Builder)
+          warn(<<~MSG, uplevel: 1, category: :deprecated)
+            [deprecation]: The builder passed to `Prism::Translation::Parser.new` is not a \
+            `Prism::Translation::Parser::Builder` subclass. This will raise in the next major version.
+          MSG
+        end
         @parser = parser
 
         super(builder)
       end
 
       def version # :nodoc:
-        34
+        41
       end
 
       # The default encoding for Ruby files is UTF-8.
@@ -337,8 +356,10 @@ module Prism
           "3.3.1"
         when 34
           "3.4.0"
-        when 35
-          "3.5.0"
+        when 35, 40
+          "4.0.0"
+        when 41
+          "4.1.0"
         else
           "latest"
         end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser/builder.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser/builder.rb
index d3b51f4275..7fc3bba6b7 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser/builder.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser/builder.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 module Prism
   module Translation
@@ -6,12 +7,14 @@ module Prism
       # A builder that knows how to convert more modern Ruby syntax
       # into whitequark/parser gem's syntax tree.
       class Builder < ::Parser::Builders::Default
-        # It represents the `it` block argument, which is not yet implemented in the Parser gem.
+        # It represents the `it` block argument, which is not yet implemented in
+        # the Parser gem.
         def itarg
           n(:itarg, [:it], nil)
         end
 
-        # The following three lines have been added to support the `it` block parameter syntax in the source code below.
+        # The following three lines have been added to support the `it` block
+        # parameter syntax in the source code below.
         #
         #   if args.type == :itarg
         #     block_type = :itblock
@@ -55,6 +58,12 @@ module Prism
               method_call.loc.with_expression(join_exprs(method_call, block)))
           end
         end
+
+        # def foo(&nil); end
+        #         ^^^^
+        def blocknilarg(amper_t, nil_t)
+          n0(:blocknilarg, arg_prefix_map(amper_t, nil_t))
+        end
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb
index 8453c9383a..d11db12ae6 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 module Prism
   module Translation
     class Parser
       # A visitor that knows how to convert a prism syntax tree into the
       # whitequark/parser gem's syntax tree.
-      class Compiler < ::Prism::Compiler
+      class Compiler < ::Prism::Compiler # :nodoc:
         # Raised when the tree is malformed or there is a bug in the compiler.
-        class CompilationError < StandardError
+        class CompilationError < StandardError # :nodoc:
         end
 
         # The Parser::Base instance that is being used to build the AST.
@@ -74,7 +75,29 @@ module Prism
         # []
         # ^^
         def visit_array_node(node)
-          builder.array(token(node.opening_loc), visit_all(node.elements), token(node.closing_loc))
+          if node.opening&.start_with?("%w", "%W", "%i", "%I")
+            elements = node.elements.flat_map do |element|
+              if element.is_a?(StringNode)
+                if element.content.include?("\n")
+                  string_nodes_from_line_continuations(element.unescaped, element.content, element.content_loc.start_offset, node.opening)
+                else
+                  [builder.string_internal([element.unescaped, srange(element.content_loc)])]
+                end
+              elsif element.is_a?(InterpolatedStringNode)
+                builder.string_compose(
+                  token(element.opening_loc),
+                  string_nodes_from_interpolation(element, node.opening),
+                  token(element.closing_loc)
+                )
+              else
+                [visit(element)]
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            elements = visit_all(node.elements)
+          end
+
+          builder.array(token(node.opening_loc), elements, token(node.closing_loc))
         end
 
         # foo => [bar]
@@ -111,8 +134,8 @@ module Prism
         def visit_assoc_node(node)
           key = node.key
 
-          if in_pattern
-            if node.value.is_a?(ImplicitNode)
+          if  node.value.is_a?(ImplicitNode)
+            if in_pattern
               if key.is_a?(SymbolNode)
                 if key.opening.nil?
                   builder.match_hash_var([key.unescaped, srange(key.location)])
@@ -122,23 +145,19 @@ module Prism
               else
                 builder.match_hash_var_from_str(token(key.opening_loc), visit_all(key.parts), token(key.closing_loc))
               end
-            elsif key.opening.nil?
-              builder.pair_keyword([key.unescaped, srange(key.location)], visit(node.value))
             else
-              builder.pair_quoted(token(key.opening_loc), [builder.string_internal([key.unescaped, srange(key.value_loc)])], token(key.closing_loc), visit(node.value))
-            end
-          elsif node.value.is_a?(ImplicitNode)
-            value = node.value.value
+              value = node.value.value
 
-            implicit_value = if value.is_a?(CallNode)
-              builder.call_method(nil, nil, [value.name, srange(value.message_loc)])
-            elsif value.is_a?(ConstantReadNode)
-              builder.const([value.name, srange(key.value_loc)])
-            else
-              builder.ident([value.name, srange(key.value_loc)]).updated(:lvar)
-            end
+              implicit_value = if value.is_a?(CallNode)
+                builder.call_method(nil, nil, [value.name, srange(value.message_loc)])
+              elsif value.is_a?(ConstantReadNode)
+                builder.const([value.name, srange(key.value_loc)])
+              else
+                builder.ident([value.name, srange(key.value_loc)]).updated(:lvar)
+              end
 
-            builder.pair_keyword([key.unescaped, srange(key)], implicit_value)
+              builder.pair_keyword([key.unescaped, srange(key)], implicit_value)
+            end
           elsif node.operator_loc
             builder.pair(visit(key), token(node.operator_loc), visit(node.value))
           elsif key.is_a?(SymbolNode) && key.opening_loc.nil?
@@ -184,14 +203,21 @@ module Prism
           if (rescue_clause = node.rescue_clause)
             begin
               find_start_offset = (rescue_clause.reference&.location || rescue_clause.exceptions.last&.location || rescue_clause.keyword_loc).end_offset
-              find_end_offset = (rescue_clause.statements&.location&.start_offset || rescue_clause.subsequent&.location&.start_offset || (find_start_offset + 1))
+              find_end_offset = (
+                rescue_clause.statements&.location&.start_offset ||
+                rescue_clause.subsequent&.location&.start_offset ||
+                node.else_clause&.location&.start_offset ||
+                node.ensure_clause&.location&.start_offset ||
+                node.end_keyword_loc&.start_offset ||
+                find_start_offset + 1
+              )
 
               rescue_bodies << builder.rescue_body(
                 token(rescue_clause.keyword_loc),
                 rescue_clause.exceptions.any? ? builder.array(nil, visit_all(rescue_clause.exceptions), nil) : nil,
                 token(rescue_clause.operator_loc),
                 visit(rescue_clause.reference),
-                srange_find(find_start_offset, find_end_offset, ";"),
+                srange_semicolon(find_start_offset, find_end_offset),
                 visit(rescue_clause.statements)
               )
             end until (rescue_clause = rescue_clause.subsequent).nil?
@@ -271,11 +297,6 @@ module Prism
 
           if node.call_operator_loc.nil?
             case name
-            when :-@
-              case (receiver = node.receiver).type
-              when :integer_node, :float_node, :rational_node, :imaginary_node
-                return visit(numeric_negate(node.message_loc, receiver))
-              end
             when :!
               return visit_block(builder.not_op(token(node.message_loc), token(node.opening_loc), visit(node.receiver), token(node.closing_loc)), block)
             when :=~
@@ -297,7 +318,7 @@ module Prism
                       visit_all(arguments),
                       token(node.closing_loc),
                     ),
-                    srange_find(node.message_loc.end_offset, node.arguments.arguments.last.location.start_offset, "="),
+                    token(node.equal_loc),
                     visit(node.arguments.arguments.last)
                   ),
                   block
@@ -314,7 +335,7 @@ module Prism
             if name.end_with?("=") && !message_loc.slice.end_with?("=") && node.arguments && block.nil?
               builder.assign(
                 builder.attr_asgn(visit(node.receiver), call_operator, token(message_loc)),
-                srange_find(message_loc.end_offset, node.arguments.location.start_offset, "="),
+                token(node.equal_loc),
                 visit(node.arguments.arguments.last)
               )
             else
@@ -667,13 +688,37 @@ module Prism
         # defined?(a)
         # ^^^^^^^^^^^
         def visit_defined_node(node)
-          builder.keyword_cmd(
-            :defined?,
-            token(node.keyword_loc),
-            token(node.lparen_loc),
-            [visit(node.value)],
-            token(node.rparen_loc)
-          )
+          # Very weird circumstances here where something like:
+          #
+          #     defined?
+          #     (1)
+          #
+          # gets parsed in Ruby as having only the `1` expression but in parser
+          # it gets parsed as having a begin. In this case we need to synthesize
+          # that begin to match parser's behavior.
+          if node.lparen_loc && node.keyword_loc.join(node.lparen_loc).slice.include?("\n")
+            builder.keyword_cmd(
+              :defined?,
+              token(node.keyword_loc),
+              nil,
+              [
+                builder.begin(
+                  token(node.lparen_loc),
+                  visit(node.value),
+                  token(node.rparen_loc)
+                )
+              ],
+              nil
+            )
+          else
+            builder.keyword_cmd(
+              :defined?,
+              token(node.keyword_loc),
+              token(node.lparen_loc),
+              [visit(node.value)],
+              token(node.rparen_loc)
+            )
+          end
         end
 
         # if foo then bar else baz end
@@ -739,7 +784,7 @@ module Prism
             if (do_keyword_loc = node.do_keyword_loc)
               token(do_keyword_loc)
             else
-              srange_find(node.collection.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset, ";")
+              srange_semicolon(node.collection.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset)
             end,
             visit(node.statements),
             token(node.end_keyword_loc)
@@ -871,7 +916,7 @@ module Prism
               if (then_keyword_loc = node.then_keyword_loc)
                 token(then_keyword_loc)
               else
-                srange_find(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.subsequent&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset, ";")
+                srange_semicolon(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.subsequent&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset)
               end,
               visit(node.statements),
               case node.subsequent
@@ -937,7 +982,7 @@ module Prism
             if (then_loc = node.then_loc)
               token(then_loc)
             else
-              srange_find(node.pattern.location.end_offset, node.statements&.location&.start_offset, ";")
+              srange_semicolon(node.pattern.location.end_offset, node.statements&.location&.start_offset)
             end,
             visit(node.statements)
           )
@@ -1003,7 +1048,7 @@ module Prism
           builder.index_asgn(
             visit(node.receiver),
             token(node.opening_loc),
-            visit_all(node.arguments.arguments),
+            visit_all(node.arguments&.arguments || []),
             token(node.closing_loc),
           )
         end
@@ -1071,7 +1116,7 @@ module Prism
         def visit_interpolated_regular_expression_node(node)
           builder.regexp_compose(
             token(node.opening_loc),
-            visit_all(node.parts),
+            string_nodes_from_interpolation(node, node.opening),
             [node.closing[0], srange_offsets(node.closing_loc.start_offset, node.closing_loc.start_offset + 1)],
             builder.regexp_options([node.closing[1..], srange_offsets(node.closing_loc.start_offset + 1, node.closing_loc.end_offset)])
           )
@@ -1088,19 +1133,9 @@ module Prism
             return visit_heredoc(node) { |children, closing| builder.string_compose(token(node.opening_loc), children, closing) }
           end
 
-          parts = node.parts.flat_map do |part|
-            # When the content of a string node is split across multiple lines, the
-            # parser gem creates individual string nodes for each line the content is part of.
-            if part.type == :string_node && part.content.include?("\n") && part.opening_loc.nil?
-              string_nodes_from_line_continuations(part.unescaped, part.content, part.content_loc.start_offset, node.opening)
-            else
-              visit(part)
-            end
-          end
-
           builder.string_compose(
             token(node.opening_loc),
-            parts,
+            string_nodes_from_interpolation(node, node.opening),
             token(node.closing_loc)
           )
         end
@@ -1110,7 +1145,7 @@ module Prism
         def visit_interpolated_symbol_node(node)
           builder.symbol_compose(
             token(node.opening_loc),
-            visit_all(node.parts),
+            string_nodes_from_interpolation(node, node.opening),
             token(node.closing_loc)
           )
         end
@@ -1119,14 +1154,14 @@ module Prism
         # ^^^^^^^^^^^^
         def visit_interpolated_x_string_node(node)
           if node.heredoc?
-            visit_heredoc(node) { |children, closing| builder.xstring_compose(token(node.opening_loc), children, closing) }
-          else
-            builder.xstring_compose(
-              token(node.opening_loc),
-              visit_all(node.parts),
-              token(node.closing_loc)
-            )
+            return visit_heredoc(node) { |children, closing| builder.xstring_compose(token(node.opening_loc), children, closing) }
           end
+
+          builder.xstring_compose(
+            token(node.opening_loc),
+            string_nodes_from_interpolation(node, node.opening),
+            token(node.closing_loc)
+          )
         end
 
         # -> { it }
@@ -1138,7 +1173,17 @@ module Prism
         # -> { it }
         # ^^^^^^^^^
         def visit_it_parameters_node(node)
-          builder.itarg
+          # FIXME: The builder _should_ always be a subclass of the prism builder.
+          # Currently RuboCop passes in its own builder that always inherits from the
+          # parser builder (which is lacking the `itarg` method). Once rubocop-ast
+          # opts in to use the custom prism builder a warning can be emitted when
+          # it is not the expected class, and eventually raise.
+          # https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-ast/pull/354
+          if builder.is_a?(Translation::Parser::Builder)
+            builder.itarg
+          else
+            builder.args(nil, [], nil, false)
+          end
         end
 
         # foo(bar: baz)
@@ -1274,7 +1319,7 @@ module Prism
         # A node that is missing from the syntax tree. This is only used in the
         # case of a syntax error. The parser gem doesn't have such a concept, so
         # we invent our own here.
-        def visit_missing_node(node)
+        def visit_error_recovery_node(node)
           ::AST::Node.new(:missing, [], location: ::Parser::Source::Map.new(srange(node.location)))
         end
 
@@ -1304,7 +1349,7 @@ module Prism
         def visit_multi_write_node(node)
           elements = multi_target_elements(node)
 
-          if elements.length == 1 && elements.first.is_a?(MultiTargetNode)
+          if elements.length == 1 && elements.first.is_a?(MultiTargetNode) && !node.rest
             elements = multi_target_elements(elements.first)
           end
 
@@ -1340,6 +1385,12 @@ module Prism
           builder.nil(token(node.location))
         end
 
+        # def foo(&nil); end
+        #         ^^^^
+        def visit_no_block_parameter_node(node)
+          builder.blocknilarg(token(node.operator_loc), token(node.keyword_loc))
+        end
+
         # def foo(**nil); end
         #         ^^^^^
         def visit_no_keywords_parameter_node(node)
@@ -1432,7 +1483,8 @@ module Prism
         # foo => ^(bar)
         #        ^^^^^^
         def visit_pinned_expression_node(node)
-          expression = builder.begin(token(node.lparen_loc), visit(node.expression), token(node.rparen_loc))
+          parts = node.expression.accept(copy_compiler(in_pattern: false)) # Don't treat * and similar as match_rest
+          expression = builder.begin(token(node.lparen_loc), parts, token(node.rparen_loc))
           builder.pin(token(node.operator_loc), expression)
         end
 
@@ -1716,7 +1768,7 @@ module Prism
             end
           else
             parts =
-              if node.value == ""
+              if node.value_loc.nil?
                 []
               elsif node.value.include?("\n")
                 string_nodes_from_line_continuations(node.unescaped, node.value, node.value_loc.start_offset, node.opening)
@@ -1757,7 +1809,7 @@ module Prism
               if (then_keyword_loc = node.then_keyword_loc)
                 token(then_keyword_loc)
               else
-                srange_find(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.else_clause&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset, ";")
+                srange_semicolon(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.else_clause&.location || node.end_keyword_loc).start_offset)
               end,
               visit(node.else_clause),
               token(node.else_clause&.else_keyword_loc),
@@ -1788,7 +1840,7 @@ module Prism
               if (do_keyword_loc = node.do_keyword_loc)
                 token(do_keyword_loc)
               else
-                srange_find(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.closing_loc).start_offset, ";")
+                srange_semicolon(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.closing_loc).start_offset)
               end,
               visit(node.statements),
               token(node.closing_loc)
@@ -1812,7 +1864,7 @@ module Prism
             if (then_keyword_loc = node.then_keyword_loc)
               token(then_keyword_loc)
             else
-              srange_find(node.conditions.last.location.end_offset, node.statements&.location&.start_offset, ";")
+              srange_semicolon(node.conditions.last.location.end_offset, node.statements&.location&.start_offset)
             end,
             visit(node.statements)
           )
@@ -1832,7 +1884,7 @@ module Prism
               if (do_keyword_loc = node.do_keyword_loc)
                 token(do_keyword_loc)
               else
-                srange_find(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.closing_loc).start_offset, ";")
+                srange_semicolon(node.predicate.location.end_offset, (node.statements&.location || node.closing_loc).start_offset)
               end,
               visit(node.statements),
               token(node.closing_loc)
@@ -1916,22 +1968,6 @@ module Prism
           elements
         end
 
-        # Negate the value of a numeric node. This is a special case where you
-        # have a negative sign on one line and then a number on the next line.
-        # In normal Ruby, this will always be a method call. The parser gem,
-        # however, marks this as a numeric literal. We have to massage the tree
-        # here to get it into the correct form.
-        def numeric_negate(message_loc, receiver)
-          case receiver.type
-          when :integer_node, :float_node
-            receiver.copy(value: -receiver.value, location: message_loc.join(receiver.location))
-          when :rational_node
-            receiver.copy(numerator: -receiver.numerator, location: message_loc.join(receiver.location))
-          when :imaginary_node
-            receiver.copy(numeric: numeric_negate(message_loc, receiver.numeric), location: message_loc.join(receiver.location))
-          end
-        end
-
         # Blocks can have a special set of parameters that automatically expand
         # when given arrays if they have a single required parameter and no
         # other parameters.
@@ -1961,16 +1997,16 @@ module Prism
           Range.new(source_buffer, offset_cache[start_offset], offset_cache[end_offset])
         end
 
-        # Constructs a new source range by finding the given character between
-        # the given start offset and end offset. If the needle is not found, it
-        # returns nil. Importantly it does not search past newlines or comments.
+        # Constructs a new source range by finding a semicolon between the given
+        # start offset and end offset. If the semicolon is not found, it returns
+        # nil. Importantly it does not search past newlines or comments.
         #
         # Note that end_offset is allowed to be nil, in which case this will
         # search until the end of the string.
-        def srange_find(start_offset, end_offset, character)
-          if (match = source_buffer.source.byteslice(start_offset...end_offset)[/\A\s*#{character}/])
+        def srange_semicolon(start_offset, end_offset)
+          if (match = source_buffer.source.byteslice(start_offset...end_offset)[/\A\s*;/])
             final_offset = start_offset + match.bytesize
-            [character, Range.new(source_buffer, offset_cache[final_offset - character.bytesize], offset_cache[final_offset])]
+            [";", Range.new(source_buffer, offset_cache[final_offset - 1], offset_cache[final_offset])]
           end
         end
 
@@ -2014,13 +2050,6 @@ module Prism
           end
         end
 
-        # The parser gem automatically converts \r\n to \n, meaning our offsets
-        # need to be adjusted to always subtract 1 from the length.
-        def chomped_bytesize(line)
-          chomped = line.chomp
-          chomped.bytesize + (chomped == line ? 0 : 1)
-        end
-
         # Visit a heredoc that can be either a string or an xstring.
         def visit_heredoc(node)
           children = Array.new
@@ -2089,55 +2118,98 @@ module Prism
           end
         end
 
+        # When the content of a string node is split across multiple lines, the
+        # parser gem creates individual string nodes for each line the content is part of.
+        def string_nodes_from_interpolation(node, opening)
+          node.parts.flat_map do |part|
+            if part.type == :string_node && part.content.include?("\n") && part.opening_loc.nil?
+              string_nodes_from_line_continuations(part.unescaped, part.content, part.content_loc.start_offset, opening)
+            else
+              visit(part)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
         # Create parser string nodes from a single prism node. The parser gem
         # "glues" strings together when a line continuation is encountered.
         def string_nodes_from_line_continuations(unescaped, escaped, start_offset, opening)
           unescaped = unescaped.lines
           escaped = escaped.lines
-
-          escaped_lengths = []
-          normalized_lengths = []
-          # Keeps track of where an unescaped line should start a new token. An unescaped
-          # \n would otherwise be indistinguishable from the actual newline at the end of
-          # of the line. The parser gem only emits a new string node at "real" newlines,
-          # line continuations don't start a new node as well.
-          do_next_tokens = []
-
-          if opening&.end_with?("'")
-            escaped.each do |line|
-              escaped_lengths << line.bytesize
-              normalized_lengths << chomped_bytesize(line)
-              do_next_tokens << true
+          percent_array = opening&.start_with?("%w", "%W", "%i", "%I")
+          regex = opening == "/" || opening&.start_with?("%r")
+
+          # Non-interpolating strings
+          if opening&.end_with?("'") || opening&.start_with?("%q", "%s", "%w", "%i")
+            current_length = 0
+            current_line = +""
+
+            escaped.filter_map.with_index do |escaped_line, index|
+              unescaped_line = unescaped.fetch(index, "")
+              current_length += escaped_line.bytesize
+              current_line << unescaped_line
+
+              # Glue line continuations together. Only %w and %i arrays can contain these.
+              if percent_array && escaped_line[/(\\)*\n$/, 1]&.length&.odd?
+                next unless index == escaped.count - 1
+              end
+              s = builder.string_internal([current_line, srange_offsets(start_offset, start_offset + current_length)])
+              start_offset += escaped_line.bytesize
+              current_line = +""
+              current_length = 0
+              s
             end
           else
+            escaped_lengths = []
+            normalized_lengths = []
+            # Keeps track of where an unescaped line should start a new token. An unescaped
+            # \n would otherwise be indistinguishable from the actual newline at the end of
+            # of the line. The parser gem only emits a new string node at "real" newlines,
+            # line continuations don't start a new node as well.
+            do_next_tokens = []
+
             escaped
               .chunk_while { |before, after| before[/(\\*)\r?\n$/, 1]&.length&.odd? || false }
               .each do |lines|
                 escaped_lengths << lines.sum(&:bytesize)
-                normalized_lengths << lines.sum { |line| chomped_bytesize(line) }
-                unescaped_lines_count = lines.sum do |line|
-                  line.scan(/(\\*)n/).count { |(backslashes)| backslashes&.length&.odd? || false }
-                end
-                do_next_tokens.concat(Array.new(unescaped_lines_count + 1, false))
+
+                unescaped_lines_count =
+                  if regex
+                    0 # Will always be preserved as is
+                  else
+                    lines.sum do |line|
+                      count = line.scan(/(\\*)n/).count { |(backslashes)| backslashes&.length&.odd? }
+                      count -= 1 if line.match?(/(?:\A|[^\\])(?:\\\\)*\\n\z/) && count > 0
+                      count
+                    end
+                  end
+
+                extra = 1
+                extra = lines.count if percent_array # Account for line continuations in percent arrays
+
+                normalized_lengths.concat(Array.new(unescaped_lines_count + extra, 0))
+                normalized_lengths[-1] = lines.sum { |line| line.bytesize }
+                do_next_tokens.concat(Array.new(unescaped_lines_count + extra, false))
                 do_next_tokens[-1] = true
               end
-          end
-
-          current_line = +""
-          current_normalized_length = 0
-
-          unescaped.filter_map.with_index do |unescaped_line, index|
-            current_line << unescaped_line
-            current_normalized_length += normalized_lengths.fetch(index, 0)
 
-            if do_next_tokens[index]
-              inner_part = builder.string_internal([current_line, srange_offsets(start_offset, start_offset + current_normalized_length)])
-              start_offset += escaped_lengths.fetch(index, 0)
-              current_line = +""
-              current_normalized_length = 0
-              inner_part
-            else
-              nil
+            current_line = +""
+            current_normalized_length = 0
+
+            emitted_count = 0
+            unescaped.filter_map.with_index do |unescaped_line, index|
+              current_line << unescaped_line
+              current_normalized_length += normalized_lengths.fetch(index, 0)
+
+              if do_next_tokens[index]
+                inner_part = builder.string_internal([current_line, srange_offsets(start_offset, start_offset + current_normalized_length)])
+                start_offset += escaped_lengths.fetch(emitted_count, 0)
+                current_line = +""
+                current_normalized_length = 0
+                emitted_count += 1
+                inner_part
+              else
+                nil
+              end
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb
index 1fa2723f03..e82042867f 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 require "strscan"
+require_relative "../../polyfill/append_as_bytes"
+require_relative "../../polyfill/scan_byte"
 
 module Prism
   module Translation
     class Parser
       # Accepts a list of prism tokens and converts them into the expected
       # format for the parser gem.
-      class Lexer
+      class Lexer # :nodoc:
+        # These tokens are always skipped
+        TYPES_ALWAYS_SKIP = Set.new(%i[IGNORED_NEWLINE __END__ EOF])
+        private_constant :TYPES_ALWAYS_SKIP
+
         # The direct translating of types between the two lexers.
         TYPES = {
           # These tokens should never appear in the output of the lexer.
-          EOF: nil,
-          MISSING: nil,
-          NOT_PROVIDED: nil,
-          IGNORED_NEWLINE: nil,
           EMBDOC_END: nil,
           EMBDOC_LINE: nil,
-          __END__: nil,
 
           # These tokens have more or less direct mappings.
           AMPERSAND: :tAMPER2,
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ module Prism
           KEYWORD_DEF: :kDEF,
           KEYWORD_DEFINED: :kDEFINED,
           KEYWORD_DO: :kDO,
+          KEYWORD_DO_BLOCK: :kDO_BLOCK,
           KEYWORD_DO_LOOP: :kDO_COND,
           KEYWORD_END: :kEND,
           KEYWORD_END_UPCASE: :klEND,
@@ -186,25 +189,25 @@ module Prism
         # without them. We should find another way to do this, but in the
         # meantime we'll hide them from the documentation and mark them as
         # private constants.
-        EXPR_BEG = 0x1 # :nodoc:
-        EXPR_LABEL = 0x400 # :nodoc:
+        EXPR_BEG = 0x1
+        EXPR_LABEL = 0x400
 
         # It is used to determine whether `do` is of the token type `kDO` or `kDO_LAMBDA`.
         #
         # NOTE: In edge cases like `-> (foo = -> (bar) {}) do end`, please note that `kDO` is still returned
         # instead of `kDO_LAMBDA`, which is expected: https://github.com/ruby/prism/pull/3046
-        LAMBDA_TOKEN_TYPES = [:kDO_LAMBDA, :tLAMBDA, :tLAMBEG]
+        LAMBDA_TOKEN_TYPES = Set.new([:kDO_LAMBDA, :tLAMBDA, :tLAMBEG])
 
         # The `PARENTHESIS_LEFT` token in Prism is classified as either `tLPAREN` or `tLPAREN2` in the Parser gem.
         # The following token types are listed as those classified as `tLPAREN`.
-        LPAREN_CONVERSION_TOKEN_TYPES = [
-          :kBREAK, :kCASE, :tDIVIDE, :kFOR, :kIF, :kNEXT, :kRETURN, :kUNTIL, :kWHILE, :tAMPER, :tANDOP, :tBANG, :tCOMMA, :tDOT2, :tDOT3,
-          :tEQL, :tLPAREN, :tLPAREN2, :tLPAREN_ARG, :tLSHFT, :tNL, :tOP_ASGN, :tOROP, :tPIPE, :tSEMI, :tSTRING_DBEG, :tUMINUS, :tUPLUS
-        ]
+        LPAREN_CONVERSION_TOKEN_TYPES = Set.new([
+          :kBREAK, :tCARET, :kCASE, :tDIVIDE, :kFOR, :kIF, :kNEXT, :kRETURN, :kUNTIL, :kWHILE, :tAMPER, :tANDOP, :tBANG, :tCOMMA, :tDOT2, :tDOT3,
+          :tEQL, :tLPAREN, :tLPAREN2, :tLPAREN_ARG, :tLSHFT, :tNL, :tOP_ASGN, :tOROP, :tPIPE, :tSEMI, :tSTRING_DBEG, :tUMINUS, :tUPLUS, :tLCURLY
+        ])
 
         # Types of tokens that are allowed to continue a method call with comments in-between.
         # For these, the parser gem doesn't emit a newline token after the last comment.
-        COMMENT_CONTINUATION_TYPES = [:COMMENT, :AMPERSAND_DOT, :DOT]
+        COMMENT_CONTINUATION_TYPES = Set.new([:COMMENT, :AMPERSAND_DOT, :DOT])
         private_constant :COMMENT_CONTINUATION_TYPES
 
         # Heredocs are complex and require us to keep track of a bit of info to refer to later
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ module Prism
           @offset_cache = offset_cache
         end
 
-        Range = ::Parser::Source::Range # :nodoc:
+        Range = ::Parser::Source::Range
         private_constant :Range
 
         # Convert the prism tokens into the expected format for the parser gem.
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ module Prism
           while index < length
             token, state = lexed[index]
             index += 1
-            next if %i[IGNORED_NEWLINE __END__ EOF].include?(token.type)
+            next if TYPES_ALWAYS_SKIP.include?(token.type)
 
             type = TYPES.fetch(token.type)
             value = token.value
@@ -259,10 +262,11 @@ module Prism
 
             case type
             when :kDO
-              types = tokens.map(&:first)
-              nearest_lambda_token_type = types.reverse.find { |type| LAMBDA_TOKEN_TYPES.include?(type) }
+              nearest_lambda_token = tokens.reverse_each.find do |token|
+                LAMBDA_TOKEN_TYPES.include?(token.first)
+              end
 
-              if nearest_lambda_token_type == :tLAMBDA
+              if nearest_lambda_token&.first == :tLAMBDA
                 type = :kDO_LAMBDA
               end
             when :tCHARACTER
@@ -272,20 +276,20 @@ module Prism
             when :tCOMMENT
               if token.type == :EMBDOC_BEGIN
 
-                while !((next_token = lexed[index][0]) && next_token.type == :EMBDOC_END) && (index < length - 1)
+                while !((next_token = lexed[index]&.first) && next_token.type == :EMBDOC_END) && (index < length - 1)
                   value += next_token.value
                   index += 1
                 end
 
                 value += next_token.value
-                location = range(token.location.start_offset, lexed[index][0].location.end_offset)
+                location = range(token.location.start_offset, next_token.location.end_offset)
                 index += 1
               else
                 is_at_eol = value.chomp!.nil?
                 location = range(token.location.start_offset, token.location.end_offset + (is_at_eol ? 0 : -1))
 
-                prev_token = lexed[index - 2][0] if index - 2 >= 0
-                next_token = lexed[index][0]
+                prev_token, _ = lexed[index - 2] if index - 2 >= 0
+                next_token, _ = lexed[index]
 
                 is_inline_comment = prev_token&.location&.start_line == token.location.start_line
                 if is_inline_comment && !is_at_eol && !COMMENT_CONTINUATION_TYPES.include?(next_token&.type)
@@ -304,7 +308,7 @@ module Prism
                 end
               end
             when :tNL
-              next_token = next_token = lexed[index][0]
+              next_token, _ = lexed[index]
               # Newlines after comments are emitted out of order.
               if next_token&.type == :COMMENT
                 comment_newline_location = location
@@ -338,11 +342,12 @@ module Prism
             when :tRATIONAL
               value = parse_rational(value)
             when :tSPACE
+              location = range(token.location.start_offset, token.location.start_offset + percent_array_leading_whitespace(value))
               value = nil
             when :tSTRING_BEG
-              next_token = lexed[index][0]
-              next_next_token = lexed[index + 1][0]
-              basic_quotes = ["\"", "'"].include?(value)
+              next_token, _ = lexed[index]
+              next_next_token, _ = lexed[index + 1]
+              basic_quotes = value == '"' || value == "'"
 
               if basic_quotes && next_token&.type == :STRING_END
                 next_location = token.location.join(next_token.location)
@@ -351,11 +356,15 @@ module Prism
                 location = range(next_location.start_offset, next_location.end_offset)
                 index += 1
               elsif value.start_with?("'", '"', "%")
-                if next_token&.type == :STRING_CONTENT && next_token.value.lines.count <= 1 && next_next_token&.type == :STRING_END
-                  # the parser gem doesn't simplify strings when its value ends in a newline
-                  if !(string_value = next_token.value).end_with?("\n") && basic_quotes
+                if next_token&.type == :STRING_CONTENT && next_next_token&.type == :STRING_END
+                  string_value = next_token.value
+                  if simplify_string?(string_value, value)
                     next_location = token.location.join(next_next_token.location)
-                    value = unescape_string(string_value, value)
+                    if percent_array?(value)
+                      value = percent_array_unescape(string_value)
+                    else
+                      value = unescape_string(string_value, value)
+                    end
                     type = :tSTRING
                     location = range(next_location.start_offset, next_location.end_offset)
                     index += 2
@@ -394,16 +403,40 @@ module Prism
                 quote_stack.push(value)
               end
             when :tSTRING_CONTENT
+              is_percent_array = percent_array?(quote_stack.last)
+
               if (lines = token.value.lines).one?
-                # Heredoc interpolation can have multiple STRING_CONTENT nodes on the same line.
-                is_first_token_on_line = lexed[index - 1] && token.location.start_line != lexed[index - 2][0].location&.start_line
-                # The parser gem only removes indentation when the heredoc is not nested
-                not_nested = heredoc_stack.size == 1
-                if is_first_token_on_line && not_nested && (current_heredoc = heredoc_stack.last).common_whitespace > 0
-                  value = trim_heredoc_whitespace(value, current_heredoc)
-                end
+                # Prism usually emits a single token for strings with line continuations.
+                # For squiggly heredocs they are not joined so we do that manually here.
+                current_string = +""
+                current_length = 0
+                start_offset = token.location.start_offset
+                while token.type == :STRING_CONTENT
+                  current_length += token.value.bytesize
+                  # Heredoc interpolation can have multiple STRING_CONTENT nodes on the same line.
+                  prev_token, _ = lexed[index - 2] if index - 2 >= 0
+                  is_first_token_on_line = prev_token && token.location.start_line != prev_token.location.start_line
+                  # The parser gem only removes indentation when the heredoc is not nested
+                  not_nested = heredoc_stack.size == 1
+                  if is_percent_array
+                    value = percent_array_unescape(token.value)
+                  elsif is_first_token_on_line && not_nested && (current_heredoc = heredoc_stack.last).common_whitespace > 0
+                    value = trim_heredoc_whitespace(token.value, current_heredoc)
+                  end
 
-                value = unescape_string(value, quote_stack.last)
+                  current_string << unescape_string(value, quote_stack.last)
+                  relevant_backslash_count = if quote_stack.last.start_with?("%W", "%I")
+                                               0 # the last backslash escapes the newline
+                                             else
+                                               token.value[/(\\{1,})\n/, 1]&.length || 0
+                                             end
+                  if relevant_backslash_count.even? || !interpolation?(quote_stack.last)
+                    tokens << [:tSTRING_CONTENT, [current_string, range(start_offset, start_offset + current_length)]]
+                    break
+                  end
+                  token, _ = lexed[index]
+                  index += 1
+                end
               else
                 # When the parser gem encounters a line continuation inside of a multiline string,
                 # it emits a single string node. The backslash (and remaining newline) is removed.
@@ -416,12 +449,10 @@ module Prism
                   chomped_line = line.chomp
                   backslash_count = chomped_line[/\\{1,}\z/]&.length || 0
                   is_interpolation = interpolation?(quote_stack.last)
-                  is_percent_array = percent_array?(quote_stack.last)
 
                   if backslash_count.odd? && (is_interpolation || is_percent_array)
                     if is_percent_array
-                      # Remove the last backslash, keep potential newlines
-                      current_line << line.sub(/(\\)(\r?\n)\z/, '\2')
+                      current_line << percent_array_unescape(line)
                       adjustment += 1
                     else
                       chomped_line.delete_suffix!("\\")
@@ -443,8 +474,8 @@ module Prism
                     adjustment = 0
                   end
                 end
-                next
               end
+              next
             when :tSTRING_DVAR
               value = nil
             when :tSTRING_END
@@ -458,7 +489,7 @@ module Prism
               end
 
               if percent_array?(quote_stack.pop)
-                prev_token = lexed[index - 2][0] if index - 2 >= 0
+                prev_token, _ = lexed[index - 2] if index - 2 >= 0
                 empty = %i[PERCENT_LOWER_I PERCENT_LOWER_W PERCENT_UPPER_I PERCENT_UPPER_W].include?(prev_token&.type)
                 ends_with_whitespace = prev_token&.type == :WORDS_SEP
                 # parser always emits a space token after content in a percent array, even if no actual whitespace is present.
@@ -467,7 +498,7 @@ module Prism
                 end
               end
             when :tSYMBEG
-              if (next_token = lexed[index][0]) && next_token.type != :STRING_CONTENT && next_token.type != :EMBEXPR_BEGIN && next_token.type != :EMBVAR && next_token.type != :STRING_END
+              if (next_token = lexed[index]&.first) && next_token.type != :STRING_CONTENT && next_token.type != :EMBEXPR_BEGIN && next_token.type != :EMBVAR && next_token.type != :STRING_END
                 next_location = token.location.join(next_token.location)
                 type = :tSYMBOL
                 value = next_token.value
@@ -482,13 +513,13 @@ module Prism
                 type = :tIDENTIFIER
               end
             when :tXSTRING_BEG
-              if (next_token = lexed[index][0]) && !%i[STRING_CONTENT STRING_END EMBEXPR_BEGIN].include?(next_token.type)
+              if (next_token = lexed[index]&.first) && !%i[STRING_CONTENT STRING_END EMBEXPR_BEGIN].include?(next_token.type)
                 # self.`()
                 type = :tBACK_REF2
               end
               quote_stack.push(value)
             when :tSYMBOLS_BEG, :tQSYMBOLS_BEG, :tWORDS_BEG, :tQWORDS_BEG
-              if (next_token = lexed[index][0]) && next_token.type == :WORDS_SEP
+              if (next_token = lexed[index]&.first) && next_token.type == :WORDS_SEP
                 index += 1
               end
 
@@ -564,15 +595,16 @@ module Prism
           previous_line = -1
           result = Float::MAX
 
-          while (lexed[next_token_index] && next_token = lexed[next_token_index][0])
+          while (next_token = lexed[next_token_index]&.first)
             next_token_index += 1
-            next_next_token = lexed[next_token_index] && lexed[next_token_index][0]
+            next_next_token, _ = lexed[next_token_index]
+            first_token_on_line = next_token.location.start_column == 0
 
             # String content inside nested heredocs and interpolation is ignored
             if next_token.type == :HEREDOC_START || next_token.type == :EMBEXPR_BEGIN
               # When interpolation is the first token of a line there is no string
               # content to check against. There will be no common whitespace.
-              if nesting_level == 0 && next_token.location.start_column == 0
+              if nesting_level == 0 && first_token_on_line
                 result = 0
               end
               nesting_level += 1
@@ -580,7 +612,7 @@ module Prism
               nesting_level -= 1
               # When we encountered the matching heredoc end, we can exit
               break if nesting_level == -1
-            elsif next_token.type == :STRING_CONTENT && nesting_level == 0
+            elsif next_token.type == :STRING_CONTENT && nesting_level == 0 && first_token_on_line
               common_whitespace = 0
               next_token.value[/^\s*/].each_char do |char|
                 if char == "\t"
@@ -668,52 +700,108 @@ module Prism
             scanner = StringScanner.new(string)
             while (skipped = scanner.skip_until(/\\/))
               # Append what was just skipped over, excluding the found backslash.
-              result << string.byteslice(scanner.pos - skipped, skipped - 1)
-
-              # Simple single-character escape sequences like \n
-              if (replacement = ESCAPES[scanner.peek(1)])
-                result << replacement
-                scanner.pos += 1
-              elsif (octal = scanner.check(/[0-7]{1,3}/))
-                # \nnn
-                # NOTE: When Ruby 3.4 is required, this can become result.append_as_bytes(chr)
-                result << octal.to_i(8).chr.b
-                scanner.pos += octal.bytesize
-              elsif (hex = scanner.check(/x([0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})/))
-                # \xnn
-                result << hex[1..].to_i(16).chr.b
-                scanner.pos += hex.bytesize
-              elsif (unicode = scanner.check(/u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})/))
-                # \unnnn
-                result << unicode[1..].hex.chr(Encoding::UTF_8).b
-                scanner.pos += unicode.bytesize
-              elsif scanner.peek(3) == "u{}"
-                # https://github.com/whitequark/parser/issues/856
-                scanner.pos += 3
-              elsif (unicode_parts = scanner.check(/u{.*}/))
-                # \u{nnnn ...}
-                unicode_parts[2..-2].split.each do |unicode|
-                  result << unicode.hex.chr(Encoding::UTF_8).b
-                end
-                scanner.pos += unicode_parts.bytesize
-              end
+              result.append_as_bytes(string.byteslice(scanner.pos - skipped, skipped - 1))
+              escape_read(result, scanner, false, false)
             end
 
-            # Add remainging chars
-            result << string.byteslice(scanner.pos..)
-
+            # Add remaining chars
+            result.append_as_bytes(string.byteslice(scanner.pos..))
             result.force_encoding(source_buffer.source.encoding)
-
-            result
           else
             delimiters = Regexp.escape("#{delimiter}#{DELIMITER_SYMETRY[delimiter]}")
             string.gsub(/\\([\\#{delimiters}])/, '\1')
           end
         end
 
+        # Certain strings are merged into a single string token.
+        def simplify_string?(value, quote)
+          case quote
+          when "'"
+            # Only simplify 'foo'
+            !value.include?("\n")
+          when '"'
+            # Simplify when every line ends with a line continuation, or it is the last line
+            value.lines.all? do |line|
+              !line.end_with?("\n") || line[/(\\*)$/, 1]&.length&.odd?
+            end
+          else
+            # %q and similar are never simplified
+            false
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Escape a byte value, given the control and meta flags.
+        def escape_build(value, control, meta)
+          value &= 0x9f if control
+          value |= 0x80 if meta
+          value
+        end
+
+        # Read an escape out of the string scanner, given the control and meta
+        # flags, and push the unescaped value into the result.
+        def escape_read(result, scanner, control, meta)
+          if scanner.skip("\n")
+            # Line continuation
+          elsif (value = ESCAPES[scanner.peek(1)])
+            # Simple single-character escape sequences like \n
+            result.append_as_bytes(value)
+            scanner.pos += 1
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/[0-7]{1,3}/))
+            # \nnn
+            result.append_as_bytes(escape_build(value.to_i(8), control, meta))
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2}/))
+            # \xnn
+            result.append_as_bytes(escape_build(value[1..].to_i(16), control, meta))
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}/))
+            # \unnnn
+            result.append_as_bytes(value[1..].hex.chr(Encoding::UTF_8))
+          elsif scanner.skip("u{}")
+            # https://github.com/whitequark/parser/issues/856
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/u{.*?}/))
+            # \u{nnnn ...}
+            value[2..-2].split.each do |unicode|
+              result.append_as_bytes(unicode.hex.chr(Encoding::UTF_8))
+            end
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/c\\?(?=[[:print:]])|C-\\?(?=[[:print:]])/))
+            # \cx or \C-x where x is an ASCII printable character
+            escape_read(result, scanner, true, meta)
+          elsif (value = scanner.scan(/M-\\?(?=[[:print:]])/))
+            # \M-x where x is an ASCII printable character
+            escape_read(result, scanner, control, true)
+          elsif (byte = scanner.scan_byte)
+            # Something else after an escape.
+            if control && byte == 0x3f # ASCII '?'
+              result.append_as_bytes(escape_build(0x7f, false, meta))
+            else
+              result.append_as_bytes(escape_build(byte, control, meta))
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # In a percent array, certain whitespace can be preceeded with a backslash,
+        # causing the following characters to be part of the previous element.
+        def percent_array_unescape(string)
+          string.gsub(/(\\)+[ \f\n\r\t\v]/) do |full_match|
+            full_match.delete_prefix!("\\") if Regexp.last_match[1].length.odd?
+            full_match
+          end
+        end
+
+        # For %-arrays whitespace, the parser gem only considers whitespace before the newline.
+        def percent_array_leading_whitespace(string)
+          return 1 if string.start_with?("\n")
+
+          leading_whitespace = 0
+          string.each_char do |c|
+            break if c == "\n"
+            leading_whitespace += 1
+          end
+          leading_whitespace
+        end
+
         # Determine if characters preceeded by a backslash should be escaped or not
         def interpolation?(quote)
-          quote != "'" && !quote.start_with?("%q", "%w", "%i")
+          !quote.end_with?("'") && !quote.start_with?("%q", "%w", "%i", "%s")
         end
 
         # Regexp allow interpolation but are handled differently during unescaping
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b09266e06a..0000000000
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Prism
-  module Translation
-    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.3 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
-    class Parser33 < Parser
-      def version # :nodoc:
-        33
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ead70ad3c..0000000000
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Prism
-  module Translation
-    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.4 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
-    class Parser34 < Parser
-      def version # :nodoc:
-        34
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser35.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser35.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a6abc12589..0000000000
--- a/lib/prism/translation/parser35.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Prism
-  module Translation
-    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.5 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
-    class Parser35 < Parser
-      def version # :nodoc:
-        35
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser_current.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser_current.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7c1070e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser_current.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# typed: ignore
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    case RUBY_VERSION
+    when /^3\.3\./
+      ParserCurrent = Parser33
+    when /^3\.4\./
+      ParserCurrent = Parser34
+    when /^3\.5\./, /^4\.0\./
+      ParserCurrent = Parser40
+    when /^4\.1\./
+      ParserCurrent = Parser41
+    else
+      # Keep this in sync with released Ruby.
+      parser = Parser40
+      major, minor, _patch = Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION).segments
+      warn "warning: `Prism::Translation::Current` is loading #{parser.name}, " \
+           "but you are running #{major}.#{minor}."
+      ParserCurrent = parser
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/parser_versions.rb b/lib/prism/translation/parser_versions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..720c7d548c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/parser_versions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.3 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser33 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        33
+      end
+    end
+
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.4 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser34 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        34
+      end
+    end
+
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 4.0 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser40 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        40
+      end
+    end
+
+    Parser35 = Parser40 # :nodoc:
+
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 4.1 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser41 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        41
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ripper.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ripper.rb
index dce96e01ab..f179a149a1 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/ripper.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ripper.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "ripper"
+# :markup: markdown
 
 module Prism
   module Translation
@@ -23,22 +22,10 @@ module Prism
     # - on_comma
     # - on_ignored_nl
     # - on_ignored_sp
-    # - on_kw
-    # - on_label_end
-    # - on_lbrace
-    # - on_lbracket
-    # - on_lparen
     # - on_nl
-    # - on_op
     # - on_operator_ambiguous
-    # - on_rbrace
-    # - on_rbracket
-    # - on_rparen
     # - on_semicolon
     # - on_sp
-    # - on_symbeg
-    # - on_tstring_beg
-    # - on_tstring_end
     #
     class Ripper < Compiler
       # Parses the given Ruby program read from +src+.
@@ -70,7 +57,8 @@ module Prism
       #          [[1, 13], :on_kw,     "end", END      ]]
       #
       def self.lex(src, filename = "-", lineno = 1, raise_errors: false)
-        result = Prism.lex_compat(src, filepath: filename, line: lineno)
+        coerced = coerce_source(src)
+        result = Prism.lex_compat(coerced, filepath: filename, line: lineno, version: "current", encoding: coerced.encoding)
 
         if result.failure? && raise_errors
           raise SyntaxError, result.errors.first.message
@@ -79,6 +67,34 @@ module Prism
         end
       end
 
+      # Tokenizes the Ruby program and returns an array of strings.
+      # The +filename+ and +lineno+ arguments are mostly ignored, since the
+      # return value is just the tokenized input.
+      # By default, this method does not handle syntax errors in +src+,
+      # use the +raise_errors+ keyword to raise a SyntaxError for an error in +src+.
+      #
+      #   p Ripper.tokenize("def m(a) nil end")
+      #      # => ["def", " ", "m", "(", "a", ")", " ", "nil", " ", "end"]
+      #
+      def self.tokenize(...)
+        lex(...).map { |token| token[2] }
+      end
+
+      # Mirros the various lex_types that ripper supports
+      def self.coerce_source(source) # :nodoc:
+        if source.is_a?(IO)
+          source.read
+        elsif source.respond_to?(:gets)
+          src = +""
+          while line = source.gets
+            src << line
+          end
+          src
+        else
+          source.to_str
+        end
+      end
+
       # This contains a table of all of the parser events and their
       # corresponding arity.
       PARSER_EVENT_TABLE = {
@@ -331,7 +347,7 @@ module Prism
         "__ENCODING__",
         "__FILE__",
         "__LINE__"
-      ]
+      ].to_set
 
       # A list of all of the Ruby binary operators.
       BINARY_OPERATORS = [
@@ -356,7 +372,7 @@ module Prism
         :/,
         :*,
         :**
-      ]
+      ].to_set
 
       private_constant :KEYWORDS, :BINARY_OPERATORS
 
@@ -425,9 +441,93 @@ module Prism
         end
       end
 
+      autoload :Filter, "prism/translation/ripper/filter"
+      autoload :Lexer, "prism/translation/ripper/lexer"
       autoload :SexpBuilder, "prism/translation/ripper/sexp"
       autoload :SexpBuilderPP, "prism/translation/ripper/sexp"
 
+      # Provides optimized access to line and column information.
+      # Ripper bounds are mostly accessed in a linear fashion, so
+      # we can try a linear scan first and fall back to binary search.
+      class LineAndColumnCache # :nodoc:
+        # How many should it look ahead/behind before falling back to binary searching.
+        WINDOW = 8
+        private_constant :WINDOW
+
+        #: (Source source) -> void
+        def initialize(source)
+          @source = source
+          @offsets = source.offsets
+          @hint = 0
+        end
+
+        #: (Integer byte_offset) -> [Integer, Integer]
+        def line_and_column(byte_offset)
+          @hint = new_hint(byte_offset) || @source.find_line(byte_offset)
+          return [@hint + @source.start_line, byte_offset - @offsets[@hint]]
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def new_hint(byte_offset)
+          if @offsets[@hint] <= byte_offset
+            # Same line?
+            if (@hint + 1 >= @offsets.size || @offsets[@hint + 1] > byte_offset)
+              return @hint
+            end
+
+            # Scan forwards
+            limit = [@hint + WINDOW + 1, @offsets.size].min
+            idx = @hint + 1
+            while idx < limit
+              if @offsets[idx] > byte_offset
+                return idx - 1
+              end
+              if @offsets[idx] == byte_offset
+                return idx
+              end
+              idx += 1
+            end
+          else
+            # Scan backwards
+            limit = @hint > WINDOW ? @hint - WINDOW : 0
+            idx = @hint
+            while idx >= limit + 1
+              if @offsets[idx - 1] <= byte_offset
+                return idx - 1
+              end
+              idx -= 1
+            end
+          end
+
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # :stopdoc:
+      # This is not part of the public API but used by some gems.
+
+      # Ripper-internal bitflags.
+      LEX_STATE_NAMES = %i[
+        BEG END ENDARG ENDFN ARG CMDARG MID FNAME DOT CLASS LABEL LABELED FITEM
+      ].map.with_index.to_h { |name, i| [2 ** i, name] }.freeze
+      private_constant :LEX_STATE_NAMES
+
+      LEX_STATE_NAMES.each do |value, key|
+        const_set("EXPR_#{key}", value)
+      end
+      EXPR_NONE = 0
+      EXPR_VALUE = EXPR_BEG
+      EXPR_BEG_ANY = EXPR_BEG | EXPR_MID | EXPR_CLASS
+      EXPR_ARG_ANY = EXPR_ARG | EXPR_CMDARG
+      EXPR_END_ANY = EXPR_END | EXPR_ENDARG | EXPR_ENDFN
+
+      def self.lex_state_name(state)
+        LEX_STATE_NAMES.filter_map { |flag, name| name if state & flag != 0  }.join("|")
+      end
+
+      # :startdoc:
+
       # The source that is being parsed.
       attr_reader :source
 
@@ -437,16 +537,17 @@ module Prism
       # The current line number of the parser.
       attr_reader :lineno
 
-      # The current column number of the parser.
+      # The current column in bytes of the parser.
       attr_reader :column
 
       # Create a new Translation::Ripper object with the given source.
       def initialize(source, filename = "(ripper)", lineno = 1)
-        @source = source
+        @source = Ripper.coerce_source(source)
         @filename = filename
         @lineno = lineno
         @column = 0
         @result = nil
+        @line_and_column_cache = nil
       end
 
       ##########################################################################
@@ -465,7 +566,12 @@ module Prism
           bounds(location)
 
           if comment.is_a?(InlineComment)
-            on_comment(comment.slice)
+            # Inline comments always contain a newline if the line itself contains it
+            if result.source.source.bytesize > comment.location.end_offset
+              on_comment("#{comment.slice}\n")
+            else
+              on_comment(comment.slice)
+            end
           else
             offset = location.start_offset
             lines = comment.slice.lines
@@ -546,9 +652,14 @@ module Prism
       # Visitor methods
       ##########################################################################
 
+      # :stopdoc:
+
       # alias foo bar
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_alias_method_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("alias")
+
         new_name = visit(node.new_name)
         old_name = visit(node.old_name)
 
@@ -559,6 +670,9 @@ module Prism
       # alias $foo $bar
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_alias_global_variable_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("alias")
+
         new_name = visit_alias_global_variable_node_value(node.new_name)
         old_name = visit_alias_global_variable_node_value(node.old_name)
 
@@ -584,6 +698,10 @@ module Prism
       #        ^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_alternation_pattern_node(node)
         left = visit_pattern_node(node.left)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("|")
+
         right = visit_pattern_node(node.right)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -594,7 +712,13 @@ module Prism
       # parenthesis node that can be used to wrap patterns.
       private def visit_pattern_node(node)
         if node.is_a?(ParenthesesNode)
-          visit(node.body)
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+          result = visit(node.body)
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+
+          result
         else
           visit(node)
         end
@@ -604,6 +728,14 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^
       def visit_and_node(node)
         left = visit(node.left)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        if node.operator == "and"
+          on_kw("and")
+        else
+          on_op("&&")
+        end
+
         right = visit(node.right)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -631,6 +763,8 @@ module Prism
             previous = element
           end
 
+          visit_words_sep(opening_loc, node.elements.last, node.closing_loc)
+
           bounds(node.closing_loc)
           on_tstring_end(node.closing)
         when /^%i/
@@ -650,6 +784,8 @@ module Prism
             previous = element
           end
 
+          visit_words_sep(opening_loc, node.elements.last, node.closing_loc)
+
           bounds(node.closing_loc)
           on_tstring_end(node.closing)
         when /^%W/
@@ -687,6 +823,8 @@ module Prism
             previous = element
           end
 
+          visit_words_sep(opening_loc, node.elements.last, node.closing_loc)
+
           bounds(node.closing_loc)
           on_tstring_end(node.closing)
         when /^%I/
@@ -724,6 +862,8 @@ module Prism
             previous = element
           end
 
+          visit_words_sep(opening_loc, node.elements.last, node.closing_loc)
+
           bounds(node.closing_loc)
           on_tstring_end(node.closing)
         else
@@ -740,15 +880,21 @@ module Prism
         on_array(elements)
       end
 
-      # Dispatch a words_sep event that contains the space between the elements
+      # Dispatch words_sep events that contains the whitespace between the elements
       # of list literals.
       private def visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, current)
-        end_offset = (previous.nil? ? opening_loc : previous.location).end_offset
-        start_offset = current.location.start_offset
-
-        if end_offset != start_offset
-          bounds(current.location.copy(start_offset: end_offset))
-          on_words_sep(source.byteslice(end_offset...start_offset))
+        start_offset = (previous.nil? ? opening_loc : previous.location).end_offset
+        end_offset = current.start_offset
+        length = end_offset - start_offset
+
+        if length > 0
+          whitespace = source.byteslice(start_offset, length)
+          current_offset = start_offset
+          whitespace.each_line do |part|
+            bounds(opening_loc.copy(start_offset: current_offset, length: part.bytesize))
+            on_words_sep(part)
+            current_offset += part.bytesize
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -774,9 +920,18 @@ module Prism
       #        ^^^^^
       def visit_array_pattern_node(node)
         constant = visit(node.constant)
+
+        if node.opening_loc
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          node.opening == "[" ? on_lbracket("[") : on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
         requireds = visit_all(node.requireds) if node.requireds.any?
         rest =
           if (rest_node = node.rest).is_a?(SplatNode)
+            bounds(rest_node.operator_loc)
+            on_op("*")
+
             if rest_node.expression.nil?
               bounds(rest_node.location)
               on_var_field(nil)
@@ -787,6 +942,10 @@ module Prism
 
         posts = visit_all(node.posts) if node.posts.any?
 
+        if node.closing_loc
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          node.closing == "]" ? on_rbracket("]") : on_rparen(")")
+        end
         bounds(node.location)
         on_aryptn(constant, requireds, rest, posts)
       end
@@ -802,6 +961,12 @@ module Prism
       #   ^^^^
       def visit_assoc_node(node)
         key = visit(node.key)
+
+        if node.operator_loc
+          bounds(node.operator_loc)
+          on_op("=>")
+        end
+
         value = visit(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -814,6 +979,9 @@ module Prism
       # { **foo }
       #   ^^^^^
       def visit_assoc_splat_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("**")
+
         value = visit(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -830,8 +998,18 @@ module Prism
       # begin end
       # ^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_begin_node(node)
+        if node.begin_keyword_loc
+          bounds(node.begin_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("begin")
+        end
+
         clauses = visit_begin_node_clauses(node.begin_keyword_loc, node, false)
 
+        if node.end_keyword_loc
+          bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_begin(clauses)
       end
@@ -843,7 +1021,7 @@ module Prism
             on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt)
           else
             body = node.statements.body
-            body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(location, node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline)
+            body = [nil, *body] if void_stmt?(location, node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline)
 
             bounds(node.statements.location)
             visit_statements_node_body(body)
@@ -852,12 +1030,15 @@ module Prism
         rescue_clause = visit(node.rescue_clause)
         else_clause =
           unless (else_clause_node = node.else_clause).nil?
+            bounds(else_clause_node.else_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("else")
+
             else_statements =
               if else_clause_node.statements.nil?
                 [nil]
               else
                 body = else_clause_node.statements.body
-                body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(else_clause_node.else_keyword_loc, else_clause_node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline)
+                body = [nil, *body] if void_stmt?(else_clause_node.else_keyword_loc, else_clause_node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline)
                 body
               end
 
@@ -879,7 +1060,7 @@ module Prism
           on_bodystmt(visit_statements_node_body([nil]), nil, nil, nil)
         when StatementsNode
           body = [*node.body]
-          body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(location, body[0].location, allow_newline)
+          body = [nil, *body] if void_stmt?(location, body[0].location, allow_newline)
           stmts = visit_statements_node_body(body)
 
           bounds(node.body.first.location)
@@ -894,6 +1075,8 @@ module Prism
       # foo(&bar)
       #     ^^^^
       def visit_block_argument_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("&")
         visit(node.expression)
       end
 
@@ -907,6 +1090,13 @@ module Prism
       # Visit a BlockNode.
       def visit_block_node(node)
         braces = node.opening == "{"
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        if braces
+          on_lbrace("{")
+        else
+          on_kw("do")
+        end
+
         parameters = visit(node.parameters)
 
         body =
@@ -919,7 +1109,7 @@ module Prism
             braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil)
           when StatementsNode
             stmts = node.body.body
-            stmts.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false)
+            stmts = [nil, *stmts] if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false)
             stmts = visit_statements_node_body(stmts)
 
             bounds(node.body.location)
@@ -931,6 +1121,14 @@ module Prism
           end
 
         if braces
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_rbrace("}")
+        else
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
+        if braces
           bounds(node.location)
           on_brace_block(parameters, body)
         else
@@ -942,12 +1140,15 @@ module Prism
       # def foo(&bar); end
       #         ^^^^
       def visit_block_parameter_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("&")
+
         if node.name_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_blockarg(nil)
         else
           bounds(node.name_loc)
-          name = visit_token(node.name.to_s)
+          name = on_ident(node.name.to_s)
 
           bounds(node.location)
           on_blockarg(name)
@@ -956,6 +1157,9 @@ module Prism
 
       # A block's parameters.
       def visit_block_parameters_node(node)
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_op("|")
+
         parameters =
           if node.parameters.nil?
             on_params(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
@@ -970,6 +1174,9 @@ module Prism
             false
           end
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_op("|")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_block_var(parameters, locals)
       end
@@ -980,6 +1187,9 @@ module Prism
       # break foo
       # ^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_break_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("break")
+
         if node.arguments.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_break(on_args_new)
@@ -1004,20 +1214,32 @@ module Prism
           case node.name
           when :[]
             receiver = visit(node.receiver)
-            arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
+
+            bounds(node.opening_loc)
+            on_lbracket("[")
+
+            arguments, block_node = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
+
+            bounds(node.closing_loc)
+            on_rbracket("]")
+
+            block = visit(block_node)
 
             bounds(node.location)
             call = on_aref(receiver, arguments)
 
-            if block.nil?
-              call
-            else
+            if block_node
               bounds(node.location)
               on_method_add_block(call, block)
+            else
+              call
             end
           when :[]=
             receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
+            bounds(node.opening_loc)
+            on_lbracket("[")
+
             *arguments, last_argument = node.arguments.arguments
             arguments << node.block if !node.block.nil?
 
@@ -1033,6 +1255,11 @@ module Prism
                 end
               end
 
+            bounds(node.closing_loc)
+            on_rbracket("]")
+            bounds(node.equal_loc)
+            on_op("=")
+
             bounds(node.location)
             call = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments)
             value = visit_write_value(last_argument)
@@ -1040,27 +1267,54 @@ module Prism
             bounds(last_argument.location)
             on_assign(call, value)
           when :-@, :+@, :~
-            receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+            bounds(node.message_loc)
+            on_op(node.message)
 
+            receiver = visit(node.receiver)
             bounds(node.location)
             on_unary(node.name, receiver)
           when :!
+            bounds(node.message_loc)
             if node.message == "not"
+              on_kw("not")
+
+              if node.opening_loc
+                bounds(node.opening_loc)
+                on_lparen("(")
+              end
+
               receiver =
-                if !node.receiver.is_a?(ParenthesesNode) || !node.receiver.body.nil?
+                if node.receiver.is_a?(ParenthesesNode) && node.receiver.body.nil?
+                  # The parens in `not()` just emit parens and nothing else.
+                  bounds(node.receiver.opening_loc)
+                  on_lparen("(")
+                  bounds(node.receiver.closing_loc)
+                  on_rparen(")")
+                  nil
+                else
                   visit(node.receiver)
                 end
 
+              if node.closing_loc
+                bounds(node.closing_loc)
+                on_rparen(")")
+              end
               bounds(node.location)
               on_unary(:not, receiver)
             else
+              on_op("!")
+
               receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
               bounds(node.location)
               on_unary(:!, receiver)
             end
-          when *BINARY_OPERATORS
+          when BINARY_OPERATORS
             receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+
+            bounds(node.message_loc)
+            on_op(node.message)
+
             value = visit(node.arguments.arguments.first)
 
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -1072,9 +1326,21 @@ module Prism
             if node.variable_call?
               on_vcall(message)
             else
-              arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location))
+              if node.opening_loc
+                bounds(node.opening_loc)
+                on_lparen("(")
+              end
+
+              arguments, block_node = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location))
+
+              if node.closing_loc
+                bounds(node.closing_loc)
+                on_rparen(")")
+              end
+
+              block = visit(block_node)
               call =
-                if node.opening_loc.nil? && arguments&.any?
+                if node.opening_loc.nil? && get_arguments_and_block(node.arguments, node.block).first.any?
                   bounds(node.location)
                   on_command(message, arguments)
                 elsif !node.opening_loc.nil?
@@ -1085,11 +1351,11 @@ module Prism
                   on_method_add_arg(on_fcall(message), on_args_new)
                 end
 
-              if block.nil?
-                call
-              else
+              if block_node
                 bounds(node.block.location)
                 on_method_add_block(call, block)
+              else
+                call
               end
             end
           end
@@ -1097,7 +1363,7 @@ module Prism
           receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
           bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
-          call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator)
+          call_operator = visit_call_operator(node.call_operator)
 
           message =
             if node.message_loc.nil?
@@ -1107,13 +1373,30 @@ module Prism
               visit_token(node.message, false)
             end
 
+          if node.equal_loc
+            bounds(node.equal_loc)
+            on_op("=")
+          end
+
           if node.name.end_with?("=") && !node.message.end_with?("=") && !node.arguments.nil? && node.block.nil?
             value = visit_write_value(node.arguments.arguments.first)
 
             bounds(node.location)
             on_assign(on_field(receiver, call_operator, message), value)
           else
-            arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location))
+            if node.opening_loc
+              bounds(node.opening_loc)
+              on_lparen("(")
+            end
+
+            arguments, block_node = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location))
+
+            if node.closing_loc
+              bounds(node.closing_loc)
+              on_rparen(")")
+            end
+
+            block = visit(block_node)
             call =
               if node.opening_loc.nil?
                 bounds(node.location)
@@ -1131,27 +1414,35 @@ module Prism
                 on_method_add_arg(on_call(receiver, call_operator, message), arguments)
               end
 
-            if block.nil?
-              call
-            else
+            if block_node
               bounds(node.block.location)
               on_method_add_block(call, block)
+            else
+              call
             end
           end
         end
       end
 
-      # Visit the arguments and block of a call node and return the arguments
-      # and block as they should be used.
-      private def visit_call_node_arguments(arguments_node, block_node, trailing_comma)
+      # Extract the arguments and block Ripper-style, which means if the block
+      # is like `&b` then it's moved to arguments.
+      private def get_arguments_and_block(arguments_node, block_node)
         arguments = arguments_node&.arguments || []
         block = block_node
 
         if block.is_a?(BlockArgumentNode)
-          arguments << block
+          arguments += [block]
           block = nil
         end
 
+        [arguments, block]
+      end
+
+      # Visit the arguments and block of a call node and return the arguments
+      # and block as they should be used.
+      private def visit_call_node_arguments(arguments_node, block_node, trailing_comma)
+        arguments, block = get_arguments_and_block(arguments_node, block_node)
+
         [
           if arguments.length == 1 && arguments.first.is_a?(ForwardingArgumentsNode)
             visit(arguments.first)
@@ -1165,7 +1456,7 @@ module Prism
               on_args_add_block(args, false)
             end
           end,
-          visit(block)
+          block,
         ]
       end
 
@@ -1183,7 +1474,7 @@ module Prism
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
         bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
-        call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator)
+        call_operator = visit_call_operator(node.call_operator)
 
         bounds(node.message_loc)
         message = visit_token(node.message)
@@ -1205,7 +1496,7 @@ module Prism
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
         bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
-        call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator)
+        call_operator = visit_call_operator(node.call_operator)
 
         bounds(node.message_loc)
         message = visit_token(node.message)
@@ -1227,7 +1518,7 @@ module Prism
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
         bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
-        call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator)
+        call_operator = visit_call_operator(node.call_operator)
 
         bounds(node.message_loc)
         message = visit_token(node.message)
@@ -1249,6 +1540,9 @@ module Prism
         if node.call_operator == "::"
           receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
+          bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
+          on_op("::")
+
           bounds(node.message_loc)
           message = visit_token(node.message)
 
@@ -1258,7 +1552,7 @@ module Prism
           receiver = visit(node.receiver)
 
           bounds(node.call_operator_loc)
-          call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator)
+          call_operator = visit_call_operator(node.call_operator)
 
           bounds(node.message_loc)
           message = visit_token(node.message)
@@ -1272,6 +1566,10 @@ module Prism
       #        ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_capture_pattern_node(node)
         value = visit(node.value)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=>")
+
         target = visit(node.target)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1281,10 +1579,21 @@ module Prism
       # case foo; when bar; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_case_node(node)
+        bounds(node.case_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("case")
+
         predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+        visited_conditions = node.conditions.map { |condition| visit(condition) }
+        visited_else_clause = visit(node.else_clause)
+
+        if !node.else_clause
+          bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
         clauses =
-          node.conditions.reverse_each.inject(visit(node.else_clause)) do |current, condition|
-            on_when(*visit(condition), current)
+          visited_conditions.reverse_each.inject(visited_else_clause) do |current, condition|
+            on_when(*condition, current)
           end
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1294,10 +1603,23 @@ module Prism
       # case foo; in bar; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_case_match_node(node)
+        bounds(node.case_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("case")
+
         predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+        visited_conditions = node.conditions.map do | condition|
+          visit(condition)
+        end
+        visited_else_clause = visit(node.else_clause)
+
+        if !node.else_clause
+          bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
         clauses =
-          node.conditions.reverse_each.inject(visit(node.else_clause)) do |current, condition|
-            on_in(*visit(condition), current)
+          visited_conditions.reverse_each.inject(visited_else_clause) do |current, condition|
+            on_in(*condition, current)
           end
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1307,6 +1629,9 @@ module Prism
       # class Foo; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_class_node(node)
+        bounds(node.class_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("class")
+
         constant_path =
           if node.constant_path.is_a?(ConstantReadNode)
             bounds(node.constant_path.location)
@@ -1315,9 +1640,17 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.constant_path)
           end
 
+        if node.inheritance_operator_loc
+          bounds(node.inheritance_operator_loc)
+          on_op("<")
+        end
+
         superclass = visit(node.superclass)
         bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.superclass&.location || node.constant_path.location, node.body, node.superclass.nil?)
 
+        bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("end")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_class(constant_path, superclass, bodystmt)
       end
@@ -1331,12 +1664,13 @@ module Prism
 
       # @@foo = 1
       # ^^^^^^^^^
-      #
-      # @@foo, @@bar = 1
-      # ^^^^^  ^^^^^
       def visit_class_variable_write_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         target = on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s))
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1401,12 +1735,13 @@ module Prism
 
       # Foo = 1
       # ^^^^^^^
-      #
-      # Foo, Bar = 1
-      # ^^^  ^^^
       def visit_constant_write_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         target = on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s))
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1466,6 +1801,11 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_constant_path_node(node)
         if node.parent.nil?
+          if node.delimiter_loc
+            bounds(node.delimiter_loc)
+            on_op("::")
+          end
+
           bounds(node.name_loc)
           child = on_const(node.name.to_s)
 
@@ -1474,6 +1814,9 @@ module Prism
         else
           parent = visit(node.parent)
 
+          bounds(node.delimiter_loc)
+          on_op("::")
+
           bounds(node.name_loc)
           child = on_const(node.name.to_s)
 
@@ -1484,11 +1827,12 @@ module Prism
 
       # Foo::Bar = 1
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^
-      #
-      # Foo::Foo, Bar::Bar = 1
-      # ^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_constant_path_write_node(node)
         target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1498,6 +1842,11 @@ module Prism
       # Visit a constant path that is part of a write node.
       private def visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node)
         if node.parent.nil?
+          if node.delimiter_loc
+            bounds(node.delimiter_loc)
+            on_op("::")
+          end
+
           bounds(node.name_loc)
           child = on_const(node.name.to_s)
 
@@ -1506,6 +1855,9 @@ module Prism
         else
           parent = visit(node.parent)
 
+          bounds(node.delimiter_loc)
+          on_op("::")
+
           bounds(node.name_loc)
           child = on_const(node.name.to_s)
 
@@ -1518,7 +1870,6 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_constant_path_operator_write_node(node)
         target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target)
-        value = visit(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.binary_operator_loc)
         operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=")
@@ -1532,7 +1883,6 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_constant_path_and_write_node(node)
         target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target)
-        value = visit(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.operator_loc)
         operator = on_op("&&=")
@@ -1546,7 +1896,6 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_constant_path_or_write_node(node)
         target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target)
-        value = visit(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.operator_loc)
         operator = on_op("||=")
@@ -1568,16 +1917,24 @@ module Prism
       # def self.foo; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_def_node(node)
+        bounds(node.def_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("def")
+
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
         operator =
           if !node.operator_loc.nil?
             bounds(node.operator_loc)
-            visit_token(node.operator)
+            node.operator == "." ? on_period(".") : on_op("::")
           end
 
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         name = visit_token(node.name_loc.slice)
 
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
         parameters =
           if node.parameters.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -1587,10 +1944,17 @@ module Prism
           end
 
         if !node.lparen_loc.nil?
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
           bounds(node.lparen_loc)
           parameters = on_paren(parameters)
         end
 
+        if node.equal_loc
+          bounds(node.equal_loc)
+          on_op("=")
+        end
+
         bodystmt =
           if node.equal_loc.nil?
             visit_body_node(node.rparen_loc || node.end_keyword_loc, node.body)
@@ -1601,11 +1965,16 @@ module Prism
             on_bodystmt(body, nil, nil, nil)
           end
 
+        if node.end_keyword_loc
+          bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
-        if receiver.nil?
-          on_def(name, parameters, bodystmt)
-        else
+        if receiver
           on_defs(receiver, operator, name, parameters, bodystmt)
+        else
+          on_def(name, parameters, bodystmt)
         end
       end
 
@@ -1615,24 +1984,59 @@ module Prism
       # defined?(a)
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_defined_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("defined?")
+
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
+        expression = visit(node.value)
+
+        if node.rparen_loc
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+        end
+
+        # Very weird circumstances here where something like:
+        #
+        #     defined?
+        #     (1)
+        #
+        # gets parsed in Ruby as having only the `1` expression but in Ripper it
+        # gets parsed as having a parentheses node. In this case we need to
+        # synthesize that node to match Ripper's behavior.
+        if node.lparen_loc && node.keyword_loc.join(node.lparen_loc).slice.include?("\n")
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc.join(node.rparen_loc))
+          expression = on_paren(on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, expression))
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
-        on_defined(visit(node.value))
+        on_defined(expression)
       end
 
       # if foo then bar else baz end
       #                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_else_node(node)
+        bounds(node.else_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("else")
+
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             [nil]
           else
             body = node.statements.body
-            body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.else_keyword_loc, node.statements.body[0].location, false)
+            body = [nil, *body] if void_stmt?(node.else_keyword_loc, node.statements.body[0].location, false)
             body
           end
 
+        else_statements = visit_statements_node_body(statements)
+
+        bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("end")
         bounds(node.location)
-        on_else(visit_statements_node_body(statements))
+        on_else(else_statements)
       end
 
       # "foo #{bar}"
@@ -1670,12 +2074,15 @@ module Prism
 
       # Visit an EnsureNode node.
       def visit_ensure_node(node)
+        bounds(node.ensure_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("ensure")
+
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             [nil]
           else
             body = node.statements.body
-            body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.ensure_keyword_loc, body[0].location, false)
+            body = [nil, *body] if void_stmt?(node.ensure_keyword_loc, body[0].location, false)
             body
           end
 
@@ -1696,6 +2103,14 @@ module Prism
       #        ^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_find_pattern_node(node)
         constant = visit(node.constant)
+
+        if node.opening_loc
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          node.opening == "[" ? on_lbracket("[") : on_lparen("(")
+        end
+        bounds(node.left.operator_loc)
+        on_op("*")
+
         left =
           if node.left.expression.nil?
             bounds(node.left.location)
@@ -1705,6 +2120,10 @@ module Prism
           end
 
         requireds = visit_all(node.requireds) if node.requireds.any?
+
+        bounds(node.right.operator_loc)
+        on_op("*")
+
         right =
           if node.right.expression.nil?
             bounds(node.right.location)
@@ -1713,6 +2132,10 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.right.expression)
           end
 
+        if node.closing_loc
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          node.closing == "]" ? on_rbracket("]") : on_rparen(")")
+        end
         bounds(node.location)
         on_fndptn(constant, left, requireds, right)
       end
@@ -1721,6 +2144,10 @@ module Prism
       #    ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_flip_flop_node(node)
         left = visit(node.left)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op(node.operator)
+
         right = visit(node.right)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1740,8 +2167,18 @@ module Prism
       # for foo in bar do end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_for_node(node)
+        bounds(node.for_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("for")
+
         index = visit(node.index)
+        bounds(node.in_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("in")
+
         collection = visit(node.collection)
+        if node.do_keyword_loc
+          bounds(node.do_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("do")
+        end
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -1750,6 +2187,9 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.statements)
           end
 
+        bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("end")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_for(index, collection, statements)
       end
@@ -1758,6 +2198,7 @@ module Prism
       #                   ^^^
       def visit_forwarding_arguments_node(node)
         bounds(node.location)
+        on_op("...")
         on_args_forward
       end
 
@@ -1765,6 +2206,7 @@ module Prism
       #         ^^^
       def visit_forwarding_parameter_node(node)
         bounds(node.location)
+        on_op("...")
         on_args_forward
       end
 
@@ -1774,6 +2216,9 @@ module Prism
       # super {}
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_forwarding_super_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("super")
+
         if node.block.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_zsuper
@@ -1794,12 +2239,13 @@ module Prism
 
       # $foo = 1
       # ^^^^^^^^
-      #
-      # $foo, $bar = 1
-      # ^^^^  ^^^^
       def visit_global_variable_write_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         target = on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s))
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -1858,6 +2304,9 @@ module Prism
       # {}
       # ^^
       def visit_hash_node(node)
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbrace("{")
+
         elements =
           if node.elements.any?
             args = visit_all(node.elements)
@@ -1866,6 +2315,8 @@ module Prism
             on_assoclist_from_args(args)
           end
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbrace("}")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_hash(elements)
       end
@@ -1874,6 +2325,15 @@ module Prism
       #        ^^
       def visit_hash_pattern_node(node)
         constant = visit(node.constant)
+
+        if node.constant
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          node.opening == "[" ? on_lbracket("[") : on_lparen("(")
+        elsif node.opening_loc
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_lbrace("{")
+        end
+
         elements =
           if node.elements.any? || !node.rest.nil?
             node.elements.map do |element|
@@ -1896,12 +2356,21 @@ module Prism
         rest =
           case node.rest
           when AssocSplatNode
+            bounds(node.rest.operator_loc)
+            on_op("**")
             visit(node.rest.value)
           when NoKeywordsParameterNode
             bounds(node.rest.location)
             on_var_field(visit(node.rest))
           end
 
+        if node.constant
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          node.closing == "]" ? on_rbracket("]") : on_rparen(")")
+        elsif node.closing_loc
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_rbrace("}")
+        end
         bounds(node.location)
         on_hshptn(constant, elements, rest)
       end
@@ -1917,13 +2386,27 @@ module Prism
       def visit_if_node(node)
         if node.then_keyword == "?"
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+
+          bounds(node.then_keyword_loc)
+          on_op("?")
+
           truthy = visit(node.statements.body.first)
+
+          bounds(node.subsequent.else_keyword_loc)
+          on_op(":")
+
           falsy = visit(node.subsequent.statements.body.first)
 
           bounds(node.location)
           on_ifop(predicate, truthy, falsy)
         elsif node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset)
+          bounds(node.if_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw(node.if_keyword)
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+          if node.then_keyword_loc && node.then_keyword != "?"
+            bounds(node.then_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("then")
+          end
           statements =
             if node.statements.nil?
               bounds(node.location)
@@ -1933,6 +2416,11 @@ module Prism
             end
           subsequent = visit(node.subsequent)
 
+          if node.end_keyword_loc && !node.subsequent
+            bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("end")
+          end
+
           bounds(node.location)
           if node.if_keyword == "if"
             on_if(predicate, statements, subsequent)
@@ -1941,6 +2429,8 @@ module Prism
           end
         else
           statements = visit(node.statements.body.first)
+          bounds(node.if_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw(node.if_keyword)
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
 
           bounds(node.location)
@@ -1972,7 +2462,14 @@ module Prism
         # This is a special case where we're not going to call on_in directly
         # because we don't have access to the subsequent. Instead, we'll return
         # the component parts and let the parent node handle it.
+        bounds(node.in_loc)
+        on_kw("in")
+
         pattern = visit_pattern_node(node.pattern)
+        if node.then_loc
+          bounds(node.then_loc)
+          on_kw("then")
+        end
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -1988,8 +2485,15 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_index_operator_write_node(node)
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbracket("[")
+
         arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbracket("]")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments)
 
@@ -2005,8 +2509,15 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_index_and_write_node(node)
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbracket("[")
+
         arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbracket("]")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments)
 
@@ -2022,8 +2533,15 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_index_or_write_node(node)
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbracket("[")
+
         arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbracket("]")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments)
 
@@ -2039,8 +2557,15 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_index_target_node(node)
         receiver = visit(node.receiver)
+
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbracket("[")
+
         arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc))
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbracket("]")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_aref_field(receiver, arguments)
       end
@@ -2057,6 +2582,10 @@ module Prism
       def visit_instance_variable_write_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         target = on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s))
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -2159,20 +2688,37 @@ module Prism
       # "foo #{bar}"
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_interpolated_string_node(node)
-        if node.opening&.start_with?("<<~")
-          heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node)
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
+          if node.opening&.start_with?("<<~")
+            heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_string_literal(heredoc)
-        elsif !node.heredoc? && node.parts.length > 1 && node.parts.any? { |part| (part.is_a?(StringNode) || part.is_a?(InterpolatedStringNode)) && !part.opening_loc.nil? }
-          first, *rest = node.parts
-          rest.inject(visit(first)) do |content, part|
-            concat = visit(part)
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_string_literal(heredoc)
+          elsif !node.heredoc? && node.parts.length > 1 && node.parts.any? { |part| (part.is_a?(StringNode) || part.is_a?(InterpolatedStringNode)) && !part.opening_loc.nil? }
+            first, *rest = node.parts
+            rest.inject(visit(first)) do |content, part|
+              concat = visit(part)
+
+              bounds(part.location)
+              on_string_concat(content, concat)
+            end
+          else
+            bounds(node.parts.first.location)
+            parts =
+              node.parts.inject(on_string_content) do |content, part|
+                on_string_add(content, visit_string_content(part))
+              end
 
-            bounds(part.location)
-            on_string_concat(content, concat)
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_string_literal(parts)
           end
-        else
+        end
+      end
+
+      # :"foo #{bar}"
+      # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+      def visit_interpolated_symbol_node(node)
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
           bounds(node.parts.first.location)
           parts =
             node.parts.inject(on_string_content) do |content, part|
@@ -2180,40 +2726,29 @@ module Prism
             end
 
           bounds(node.location)
-          on_string_literal(parts)
+          on_dyna_symbol(parts)
         end
       end
 
-      # :"foo #{bar}"
-      # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-      def visit_interpolated_symbol_node(node)
-        bounds(node.parts.first.location)
-        parts =
-          node.parts.inject(on_string_content) do |content, part|
-            on_string_add(content, visit_string_content(part))
-          end
-
-        bounds(node.location)
-        on_dyna_symbol(parts)
-      end
-
       # `foo #{bar}`
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_interpolated_x_string_node(node)
-        if node.opening.start_with?("<<~")
-          heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node)
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
+          if node.opening.start_with?("<<~")
+            heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_xstring_literal(heredoc)
-        else
-          bounds(node.parts.first.location)
-          parts =
-            node.parts.inject(on_xstring_new) do |content, part|
-              on_xstring_add(content, visit_string_content(part))
-            end
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_xstring_literal(heredoc)
+          else
+            bounds(node.parts.first.location)
+            parts =
+              node.parts.inject(on_xstring_new) do |content, part|
+                on_xstring_add(content, visit_string_content(part))
+              end
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_xstring_literal(parts)
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_xstring_literal(parts)
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -2254,6 +2789,9 @@ module Prism
       # def foo(**); end
       #         ^^
       def visit_keyword_rest_parameter_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("**")
+
         if node.name_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_kwrest_param(nil)
@@ -2273,6 +2811,11 @@ module Prism
 
         parameters =
           if node.parameters.is_a?(BlockParametersNode)
+            if node.parameters.opening_loc
+              bounds(node.parameters.opening_loc)
+              on_lparen("(")
+            end
+
             # Ripper does not track block-locals within lambdas, so we skip
             # directly to the parameters here.
             params =
@@ -2283,6 +2826,13 @@ module Prism
                 visit(node.parameters.parameters)
               end
 
+            visit_all(node.parameters.locals)
+
+            if node.parameters.closing_loc
+              bounds(node.parameters.closing_loc)
+              on_rparen(")")
+            end
+
             if node.parameters.opening_loc.nil?
               params
             else
@@ -2295,9 +2845,11 @@ module Prism
           end
 
         braces = node.opening == "{"
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
         if braces
-          bounds(node.opening_loc)
           on_tlambeg(node.opening)
+        else
+          on_kw("do")
         end
 
         body =
@@ -2310,7 +2862,7 @@ module Prism
             braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil)
           when StatementsNode
             stmts = node.body.body
-            stmts.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false)
+            stmts = [nil, *stmts] if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false)
             stmts = visit_statements_node_body(stmts)
 
             bounds(node.body.location)
@@ -2321,6 +2873,13 @@ module Prism
             raise
           end
 
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        if braces
+          on_rbrace("}")
+        else
+          on_kw("end")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_lambda(parameters, body)
       end
@@ -2337,6 +2896,10 @@ module Prism
       def visit_local_variable_write_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
         target = on_var_field(on_ident(node.name_loc.slice))
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit_write_value(node.value)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -2411,6 +2974,8 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_match_predicate_node(node)
         value = visit(node.value)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_kw("in")
         pattern = on_in(visit_pattern_node(node.pattern), nil, nil)
 
         on_case(value, pattern)
@@ -2420,6 +2985,10 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_match_required_node(node)
         value = visit(node.value)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=>")
+
         pattern = on_in(visit_pattern_node(node.pattern), nil, nil)
 
         on_case(value, pattern)
@@ -2433,13 +3002,16 @@ module Prism
 
       # A node that is missing from the syntax tree. This is only used in the
       # case of a syntax error.
-      def visit_missing_node(node)
-        raise "Cannot visit missing nodes directly."
+      def visit_error_recovery_node(node)
+        raise "Cannot visit error recovery nodes directly."
       end
 
       # module Foo; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_module_node(node)
+        bounds(node.module_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("module")
+
         constant_path =
           if node.constant_path.is_a?(ConstantReadNode)
             bounds(node.constant_path.location)
@@ -2450,6 +3022,9 @@ module Prism
 
         bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.constant_path.location, node.body, true)
 
+        bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("end")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_module(constant_path, bodystmt)
       end
@@ -2457,9 +3032,19 @@ module Prism
       # (foo, bar), bar = qux
       # ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_multi_target_node(node)
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
         targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, true)
 
+        if node.rparen_loc
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+        end
+
         if node.lparen_loc.nil?
           targets
         else
@@ -2511,9 +3096,22 @@ module Prism
       # foo, bar = baz
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_multi_write_node(node)
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
         targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, true)
 
+        if node.rparen_loc
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+        end
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         unless node.lparen_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.lparen_loc)
           targets = on_mlhs_paren(targets)
@@ -2531,6 +3129,9 @@ module Prism
       # next foo
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_next_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("next")
+
         if node.arguments.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_next(on_args_new)
@@ -2549,9 +3150,24 @@ module Prism
         on_var_ref(on_kw("nil"))
       end
 
+      # def foo(&nil); end
+      #         ^^^^
+      def visit_no_block_parameter_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("&")
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("nil")
+        bounds(node.location)
+        on_blockarg(:nil)
+      end
+
       # def foo(**nil); end
       #         ^^^^^
       def visit_no_keywords_parameter_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("**")
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("nil")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_nokw_param(nil)
 
@@ -2584,7 +3200,11 @@ module Prism
       #         ^^^^^^^
       def visit_optional_parameter_node(node)
         bounds(node.name_loc)
-        name = visit_token(node.name.to_s)
+        name = on_ident(node.name.to_s)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("=")
+
         value = visit(node.value)
 
         [name, value]
@@ -2594,6 +3214,14 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^
       def visit_or_node(node)
         left = visit(node.left)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        if node.operator == "or"
+          on_kw("or")
+        else
+          on_op("||")
+        end
+
         right = visit(node.right)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -2617,9 +3245,19 @@ module Prism
 
       # Visit a destructured positional parameter node.
       private def visit_destructured_parameter_node(node)
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.location)
         targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, false)
 
+        if node.rparen_loc
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+        end
+
         bounds(node.lparen_loc)
         on_mlhs_paren(targets)
       end
@@ -2630,6 +3268,9 @@ module Prism
       # (1)
       # ^^^
       def visit_parentheses_node(node)
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lparen("(")
+
         body =
           if node.body.nil?
             on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt)
@@ -2637,6 +3278,8 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.body)
           end
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rparen(")")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_paren(body)
       end
@@ -2644,8 +3287,15 @@ module Prism
       # foo => ^(bar)
       #        ^^^^^^
       def visit_pinned_expression_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("^")
+        bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+        on_lparen("(")
+
         expression = visit(node.expression)
 
+        bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+        on_rparen(")")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_begin(expression)
       end
@@ -2653,12 +3303,20 @@ module Prism
       # foo = 1 and bar => ^foo
       #                    ^^^^
       def visit_pinned_variable_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("^")
+
         visit(node.variable)
       end
 
       # END {}
       # ^^^^^^
       def visit_post_execution_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("END")
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbrace("{")
+
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -2667,6 +3325,8 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.statements)
           end
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbrace("}")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_END(statements)
       end
@@ -2674,6 +3334,11 @@ module Prism
       # BEGIN {}
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_pre_execution_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("BEGIN")
+        bounds(node.opening_loc)
+        on_lbrace("{")
+
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -2682,6 +3347,8 @@ module Prism
             visit(node.statements)
           end
 
+        bounds(node.closing_loc)
+        on_rbrace("}")
         bounds(node.location)
         on_BEGIN(statements)
       end
@@ -2689,7 +3356,7 @@ module Prism
       # The top-level program node.
       def visit_program_node(node)
         body = node.statements.body
-        body << nil if body.empty?
+        body = [nil] if body.empty?
         statements = visit_statements_node_body(body)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -2700,6 +3367,10 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^
       def visit_range_node(node)
         left = visit(node.left)
+
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op(node.operator)
+
         right = visit(node.right)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -2720,6 +3391,7 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^
       def visit_redo_node(node)
         bounds(node.location)
+        on_kw("redo")
         on_redo
       end
 
@@ -2762,6 +3434,9 @@ module Prism
       # foo rescue bar
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_rescue_modifier_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("rescue")
+
         expression = visit_write_value(node.expression)
         rescue_expression = visit(node.rescue_expression)
 
@@ -2772,6 +3447,9 @@ module Prism
       # begin; rescue; end
       #        ^^^^^^^
       def visit_rescue_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("rescue")
+
         exceptions =
           case node.exceptions.length
           when 0
@@ -2809,6 +3487,11 @@ module Prism
             end
           end
 
+        if node.operator_loc
+          bounds(node.operator_loc)
+          on_op("=>")
+        end
+
         reference = visit(node.reference)
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
@@ -2830,12 +3513,15 @@ module Prism
       # def foo(*); end
       #         ^
       def visit_rest_parameter_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("*")
+
         if node.name_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_rest_param(nil)
         else
           bounds(node.name_loc)
-          on_rest_param(visit_token(node.name.to_s))
+          on_rest_param(on_ident(node.name.to_s))
         end
       end
 
@@ -2843,6 +3529,7 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^
       def visit_retry_node(node)
         bounds(node.location)
+        on_kw("retry")
         on_retry
       end
 
@@ -2852,6 +3539,9 @@ module Prism
       # return 1
       # ^^^^^^^^
       def visit_return_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("return")
+
         if node.arguments.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_return0
@@ -2878,9 +3568,17 @@ module Prism
       # class << self; end
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_singleton_class_node(node)
+        bounds(node.class_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("class")
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("<<")
+
         expression = visit(node.expression)
         bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.body&.location || node.end_keyword_loc, node.body)
 
+        bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("end")
+
         bounds(node.location)
         on_sclass(expression, bodystmt)
       end
@@ -2915,6 +3613,8 @@ module Prism
       # def foo(*); bar(*); end
       #                 ^
       def visit_splat_node(node)
+        bounds(node.operator_loc)
+        on_op("*")
         visit(node.expression)
       end
 
@@ -2937,26 +3637,68 @@ module Prism
       # "foo"
       # ^^^^^
       def visit_string_node(node)
-        if (content = node.content).empty?
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_string_literal(on_string_content)
-        elsif (opening = node.opening) == "?"
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_CHAR("?#{node.content}")
-        elsif opening.start_with?("<<~")
-          heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node.to_interpolated)
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
+          if (content = node.content).empty?
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_string_literal(on_string_content)
+          elsif (opening = node.opening) == "?"
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_CHAR("?#{node.content}")
+          elsif opening.start_with?("<<~")
+            heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node.to_interpolated)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_string_literal(heredoc)
-        else
-          bounds(node.content_loc)
-          tstring_content = on_tstring_content(content)
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_string_literal(heredoc)
+          else
+            bounds(node.content_loc)
+            tstring_content = on_tstring_content(content)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_string_literal(on_string_add(on_string_content, tstring_content))
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_string_literal(on_string_add(on_string_content, tstring_content))
+          end
         end
       end
 
+      # Responsible for emitting the various string-like begin/end events
+      private def with_string_bounds(node)
+        # `foo "bar": baz` doesn't emit the closing location
+        assoc = !(opening = node.opening)&.include?(":") && node.closing&.end_with?(":")
+
+        is_heredoc = opening&.start_with?("<<")
+        if is_heredoc
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_heredoc_beg(node.opening)
+        elsif opening&.start_with?(":", "%s")
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_symbeg(node.opening)
+        elsif opening&.start_with?("`", "%x")
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_backtick(node.opening)
+        elsif opening && !opening.start_with?("?")
+          bounds(node.opening_loc)
+          on_tstring_beg(opening)
+        end
+
+        result = yield
+        if assoc
+          if node.closing != ":"
+            bounds(node.closing_loc)
+            on_label_end(node.closing)
+          end
+          return result
+        end
+
+        if is_heredoc
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_heredoc_end(node.closing)
+        elsif node.closing_loc
+          bounds(node.closing_loc)
+          on_tstring_end(node.closing)
+        end
+
+        result
+      end
+
       # Ripper gives back the escaped string content but strips out the common
       # leading whitespace. Prism gives back the unescaped string content and
       # a location for the escaped string content. Unfortunately these don't
@@ -3034,42 +3776,39 @@ module Prism
 
       # Visit a heredoc node that is representing a string.
       private def visit_heredoc_string_node(node)
-        bounds(node.opening_loc)
-        on_heredoc_beg(node.opening)
-
         bounds(node.location)
-        result =
-          visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_string_content) do |parts, part|
-            on_string_add(parts, part)
-          end
-
-        bounds(node.closing_loc)
-        on_heredoc_end(node.closing)
-
-        result
+        visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_string_content) do |parts, part|
+          on_string_add(parts, part)
+        end
       end
 
       # Visit a heredoc node that is representing an xstring.
       private def visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node)
-        bounds(node.opening_loc)
-        on_heredoc_beg(node.opening)
-
         bounds(node.location)
-        result =
-          visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_xstring_new) do |parts, part|
-            on_xstring_add(parts, part)
-          end
-
-        bounds(node.closing_loc)
-        on_heredoc_end(node.closing)
-
-        result
+        visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_xstring_new) do |parts, part|
+          on_xstring_add(parts, part)
+        end
       end
 
       # super(foo)
       # ^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_super_node(node)
-        arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.rparen_loc || node.location))
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("super")
+
+        if node.lparen_loc
+          bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+          on_lparen("(")
+        end
+
+        arguments, block_node = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.rparen_loc || node.location))
+
+        if node.rparen_loc
+          bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+          on_rparen(")")
+        end
+
+        block = visit(block_node)
 
         if !node.lparen_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.lparen_loc)
@@ -3079,35 +3818,36 @@ module Prism
         bounds(node.location)
         call = on_super(arguments)
 
-        if block.nil?
-          call
-        else
+        if block_node
           bounds(node.block.location)
           on_method_add_block(call, block)
+        else
+          call
         end
       end
 
       # :foo
       # ^^^^
       def visit_symbol_node(node)
-        if (opening = node.opening)&.match?(/^%s|['"]:?$/)
-          bounds(node.value_loc)
-          content = on_string_content
-
-          if !(value = node.value).empty?
-            content = on_string_add(content, on_tstring_content(value))
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
+          if node.value_loc.nil?
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_dyna_symbol(on_string_content)
+          elsif (opening = node.opening)&.match?(/^%s|['"]:?$/)
+            bounds(node.value_loc)
+            content = on_string_add(on_string_content, on_tstring_content(node.value))
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_dyna_symbol(content)
+          elsif (closing = node.closing) == ":"
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_label("#{node.value}:")
+          elsif opening.nil? && node.closing_loc.nil?
+            bounds(node.value_loc)
+            on_symbol_literal(visit_token(node.value))
+          else
+            bounds(node.value_loc)
+            on_symbol_literal(on_symbol(visit_token(node.value)))
           end
-
-          on_dyna_symbol(content)
-        elsif (closing = node.closing) == ":"
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_label("#{node.value}:")
-        elsif opening.nil? && node.closing_loc.nil?
-          bounds(node.value_loc)
-          on_symbol_literal(visit_token(node.value))
-        else
-          bounds(node.value_loc)
-          on_symbol_literal(on_symbol(visit_token(node.value)))
         end
       end
 
@@ -3121,6 +3861,9 @@ module Prism
       # undef foo
       # ^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_undef_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("undef")
+
         names = visit_all(node.names)
 
         bounds(node.location)
@@ -3134,7 +3877,13 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_unless_node(node)
         if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset)
+          bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("unless")
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+          if node.then_keyword_loc
+            bounds(node.then_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("then")
+          end
           statements =
             if node.statements.nil?
               bounds(node.location)
@@ -3144,10 +3893,17 @@ module Prism
             end
           else_clause = visit(node.else_clause)
 
+          if node.end_keyword_loc && !node.else_clause
+            bounds(node.end_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("end")
+          end
+
           bounds(node.location)
           on_unless(predicate, statements, else_clause)
         else
           statements = visit(node.statements.body.first)
+          bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("unless")
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
 
           bounds(node.location)
@@ -3161,7 +3917,14 @@ module Prism
       # bar until foo
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_until_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("until")
+
         if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset)
+          if node.do_keyword_loc
+            bounds(node.do_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("do")
+          end
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
           statements =
             if node.statements.nil?
@@ -3171,6 +3934,11 @@ module Prism
               visit(node.statements)
             end
 
+          if node.closing_loc
+            bounds(node.closing_loc)
+            on_kw("end")
+          end
+
           bounds(node.location)
           on_until(predicate, statements)
         else
@@ -3188,7 +3956,14 @@ module Prism
         # This is a special case where we're not going to call on_when directly
         # because we don't have access to the subsequent. Instead, we'll return
         # the component parts and let the parent node handle it.
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("when")
+
         conditions = visit_arguments(node.conditions)
+        if node.then_keyword_loc
+          bounds(node.then_keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("then")
+        end
         statements =
           if node.statements.nil?
             bounds(node.location)
@@ -3207,7 +3982,17 @@ module Prism
       # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
       def visit_while_node(node)
         if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset)
+          bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("while")
+          if node.do_keyword_loc
+            bounds(node.do_keyword_loc)
+            on_kw("do")
+          end
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
+          if node.closing_loc
+            bounds(node.closing_loc)
+            on_kw("end")
+          end
           statements =
             if node.statements.nil?
               bounds(node.location)
@@ -3220,6 +4005,8 @@ module Prism
           on_while(predicate, statements)
         else
           statements = visit(node.statements.body.first)
+          bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+          on_kw("while")
           predicate = visit(node.predicate)
 
           bounds(node.location)
@@ -3230,20 +4017,22 @@ module Prism
       # `foo`
       # ^^^^^
       def visit_x_string_node(node)
-        if node.unescaped.empty?
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_new)
-        elsif node.opening.start_with?("<<~")
-          heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node.to_interpolated)
+        with_string_bounds(node) do
+          if node.unescaped.empty?
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_new)
+          elsif node.opening.start_with?("<<~")
+            heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node.to_interpolated)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_xstring_literal(heredoc)
-        else
-          bounds(node.content_loc)
-          content = on_tstring_content(node.content)
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_xstring_literal(heredoc)
+          else
+            bounds(node.content_loc)
+            content = on_tstring_content(node.content)
 
-          bounds(node.location)
-          on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_add(on_xstring_new, content))
+            bounds(node.location)
+            on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_add(on_xstring_new, content))
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -3253,10 +4042,18 @@ module Prism
       # yield 1
       # ^^^^^^^
       def visit_yield_node(node)
+        bounds(node.keyword_loc)
+        on_kw("yield")
+
         if node.arguments.nil? && node.lparen_loc.nil?
           bounds(node.location)
           on_yield0
         else
+          if node.lparen_loc
+            bounds(node.lparen_loc)
+            on_lparen("(")
+          end
+
           arguments =
             if node.arguments.nil?
               bounds(node.location)
@@ -3266,6 +4063,8 @@ module Prism
             end
 
           unless node.lparen_loc.nil?
+            bounds(node.rparen_loc)
+            on_rparen(")")
             bounds(node.lparen_loc)
             arguments = on_paren(arguments)
           end
@@ -3279,7 +4078,11 @@ module Prism
 
       # Lazily initialize the parse result.
       def result
-        @result ||= Prism.parse(source, partial_script: true)
+        @result ||= Prism.parse(source, partial_script: true, version: "current", freeze: true, encoding: source.encoding)
+      end
+
+      def line_and_column_cache
+        @line_and_column_cache ||= LineAndColumnCache.new(result.source)
       end
 
       ##########################################################################
@@ -3300,30 +4103,34 @@ module Prism
       # Visit the string content of a particular node. This method is used to
       # split into the various token types.
       def visit_token(token, allow_keywords = true)
-        case token
-        when "."
+        if token == "."
           on_period(token)
-        when "`"
+        elsif token == "`"
           on_backtick(token)
-        when *(allow_keywords ? KEYWORDS : [])
+        elsif allow_keywords && KEYWORDS.include?(token)
           on_kw(token)
-        when /^_/
+        elsif token.start_with?("_")
           on_ident(token)
-        when /^[[:upper:]]\w*$/
+        elsif token.match?(/^[[:upper:]]\w*$/)
           on_const(token)
-        when /^@@/
+        elsif token.start_with?("@@")
           on_cvar(token)
-        when /^@/
+        elsif token.start_with?("@")
           on_ivar(token)
-        when /^\$/
+        elsif token.start_with?("$")
           on_gvar(token)
-        when /^[[:punct:]]/
+        elsif token.match?(/^[[:punct:]]/)
           on_op(token)
         else
           on_ident(token)
         end
       end
 
+      # Visit either `.`, `&.`, or `::`.
+      def visit_call_operator(token)
+        token == "." ? on_period(token) : on_op(token)
+      end
+
       # Visit a node that represents a number. We need to explicitly handle the
       # unary - operator.
       def visit_number_node(node)
@@ -3331,6 +4138,9 @@ module Prism
         location = node.location
 
         if slice[0] == "-"
+          bounds(location.copy(length: 1))
+          on_op("-")
+
           bounds(location.copy(start_offset: location.start_offset + 1))
           value = yield slice[1..-1]
 
@@ -3379,26 +4189,24 @@ module Prism
 
       # This method is responsible for updating lineno and column information
       # to reflect the current node.
-      #
-      # This method could be drastically improved with some caching on the start
-      # of every line, but for now it's good enough.
       def bounds(location)
-        @lineno = location.start_line
-        @column = location.start_column
+        @lineno, @column = line_and_column_cache.line_and_column(location.start_offset)
       end
 
+      # :startdoc:
+
       ##########################################################################
       # Ripper interface
       ##########################################################################
 
       # :stopdoc:
       def _dispatch_0; end
-      def _dispatch_1(_); end
-      def _dispatch_2(_, _); end
-      def _dispatch_3(_, _, _); end
-      def _dispatch_4(_, _, _, _); end
-      def _dispatch_5(_, _, _, _, _); end
-      def _dispatch_7(_, _, _, _, _, _, _); end
+      def _dispatch_1(arg); arg end
+      def _dispatch_2(arg, _); arg end
+      def _dispatch_3(arg, _, _); arg end
+      def _dispatch_4(arg, _, _, _); arg end
+      def _dispatch_5(arg, _, _, _, _); arg end
+      def _dispatch_7(arg, _, _, _, _, _, _); arg end
       # :startdoc:
 
       #
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/filter.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19deef2d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    class Ripper
+      class Filter # :nodoc:
+        # :stopdoc:
+        def initialize(src, filename = '-', lineno = 1)
+          @__lexer = Lexer.new(src, filename, lineno)
+          @__line = nil
+          @__col = nil
+          @__state = nil
+        end
+
+        def filename
+          @__lexer.filename
+        end
+
+        def lineno
+          @__line
+        end
+
+        def column
+          @__col
+        end
+
+        def state
+          @__state
+        end
+
+        def parse(init = nil)
+          data = init
+          @__lexer.lex.each do |pos, event, tok, state|
+            @__line, @__col = *pos
+            @__state = state
+            data = if respond_to?(event, true)
+                  then __send__(event, tok, data)
+                  else on_default(event, tok, data)
+                  end
+          end
+          data
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def on_default(event, token, data)
+          data
+        end
+        # :startdoc:
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/lexer.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/lexer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6aeae4bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/lexer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+
+require_relative "../ripper"
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    class Ripper
+      class Lexer < Ripper # :nodoc:
+        class State # :nodoc:
+          attr_reader :to_int, :to_s
+
+          def initialize(i)
+            @to_int = i
+            @to_s = Ripper.lex_state_name(i)
+            freeze
+          end
+
+          def [](index)
+            case index
+            when 0, :to_int
+              @to_int
+            when 1, :to_s
+              @to_s
+            else
+              nil
+            end
+          end
+
+          alias to_i to_int
+          alias inspect to_s
+          def pretty_print(q) q.text(to_s) end
+          def ==(i) super or to_int == i end
+          def &(i) self.class.new(to_int & i) end
+          def |(i) self.class.new(to_int | i) end
+          def allbits?(i) to_int.allbits?(i) end
+          def anybits?(i) to_int.anybits?(i) end
+          def nobits?(i) to_int.nobits?(i) end
+
+          # Instances are frozen and there are only a handful of them so we
+          # cache them here.
+          STATES = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = State.new(key) }
+          private_constant :STATES
+
+          def self.[](i)
+            STATES[i]
+          end
+        end
+
+        class Elem # :nodoc:
+          attr_accessor :pos, :event, :tok, :state, :message
+
+          def initialize(pos, event, tok, state, message = nil)
+            @pos = pos
+            @event = event
+            @tok = tok
+            @state = State[state]
+            @message = message
+          end
+
+          def [](index)
+            case index
+            when 0, :pos
+              @pos
+            when 1, :event
+              @event
+            when 2, :tok
+              @tok
+            when 3, :state
+              @state
+            when 4, :message
+              @message
+            else
+              nil
+            end
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            "#<#{self.class}: #{event}@#{pos[0]}:#{pos[1]}:#{state}: #{tok.inspect}#{": " if message}#{message}>"
+          end
+
+          alias to_s inspect
+
+          def pretty_print(q)
+            q.group(2, "#<#{self.class}:", ">") {
+              q.breakable
+              q.text("#{event}@#{pos[0]}:#{pos[1]}")
+              q.breakable
+              state.pretty_print(q)
+              q.breakable
+              q.text("token: ")
+              tok.pretty_print(q)
+              if message
+                q.breakable
+                q.text("message: ")
+                q.text(message)
+              end
+            }
+          end
+
+          def to_a
+            if @message
+              [@pos, @event, @tok, @state, @message]
+            else
+              [@pos, @event, @tok, @state]
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Pretty much just the same as Prism.lex_compat.
+        def lex(raise_errors: false)
+          Ripper.lex(@source, filename, lineno, raise_errors: raise_errors)
+        end
+
+        # Returns the lex_compat result wrapped in `Elem`. Errors are omitted.
+        # Since ripper is a streaming parser, tokens are expected to be emitted in the order
+        # that the parser encounters them. This is not implemented.
+        def parse(...)
+          lex(...).map do |position, event, token, state|
+            Elem.new(position, event, token, state.to_int)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Similar to parse but ripper sorts the elements by position in the source. Also
+        # includes errors. Since prism does error recovery, in cases of syntax errors
+        # the result may differ greatly compared to ripper.
+        def scan(...)
+          parse(...)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/sexp.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/sexp.rb
index dc26a639a3..46c0333544 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/sexp.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/sexp.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 require_relative "../ripper"
 
@@ -7,9 +8,7 @@ module Prism
     class Ripper
       # This class mirrors the ::Ripper::SexpBuilder subclass of ::Ripper that
       # returns the arrays of [type, *children].
-      class SexpBuilder < Ripper
-        # :stopdoc:
-
+      class SexpBuilder < Ripper # :nodoc:
         attr_reader :error
 
         private
@@ -64,16 +63,12 @@ module Prism
         remove_method :on_parse_error
         alias on_parse_error on_error
         alias compile_error on_error
-
-        # :startdoc:
       end
 
       # This class mirrors the ::Ripper::SexpBuilderPP subclass of ::Ripper that
       # returns the same values as ::Ripper::SexpBuilder except with a couple of
       # niceties that flatten linked lists into arrays.
-      class SexpBuilderPP < SexpBuilder
-        # :stopdoc:
-
+      class SexpBuilderPP < SexpBuilder # :nodoc:
         private
 
         def on_heredoc_dedent(val, width)
@@ -117,8 +112,6 @@ module Prism
             alias_method "on_#{event}", :_dispatch_event_push
           end
         end
-
-        # :startdoc:
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/shim.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/shim.rb
index 10e21cd16a..00ed625da3 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/ripper/shim.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ripper/shim.rb
@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@
 
 # This writes the prism ripper translation into the Ripper constant so that
 # users can transparently use Ripper without any changes.
+# :stopdoc:
 Ripper = Prism::Translation::Ripper
+# :startdoc:
diff --git a/lib/prism/translation/ruby_parser.rb b/lib/prism/translation/ruby_parser.rb
index 8784e22d10..42bc5ee658 100644
--- a/lib/prism/translation/ruby_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/translation/ruby_parser.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
 
 begin
-  require "ruby_parser"
+  require "sexp"
 rescue LoadError
-  warn(%q{Error: Unable to load ruby_parser. Add `gem "ruby_parser"` to your Gemfile.})
+  warn(%q{Error: Unable to load sexp. Add `gem "sexp_processor"` to your Gemfile.})
   exit(1)
 end
 
+class RubyParser # :nodoc:
+  class SyntaxError < RuntimeError # :nodoc:
+  end
+end
+
 module Prism
   module Translation
     # This module is the entry-point for converting a prism syntax tree into the
     # seattlerb/ruby_parser gem's syntax tree.
     class RubyParser
       # A prism visitor that builds Sexp objects.
-      class Compiler < ::Prism::Compiler
+      class Compiler < ::Prism::Compiler # :nodoc:
         # This is the name of the file that we are compiling. We set it on every
-        # Sexp object that is generated, and also use it to compile __FILE__
+        # Sexp object that is generated, and also use it to compile `__FILE__`
         # nodes.
         attr_reader :file
 
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ module Prism
         # $+
         # ^^
         def visit_back_reference_read_node(node)
-          s(node, :back_ref, node.name.name.delete_prefix("$").to_sym)
+          s(node, :back_ref, node.name.to_s.delete_prefix("$").to_sym)
         end
 
         # begin end
@@ -366,14 +372,18 @@ module Prism
               visit(node.constant_path)
             end
 
-          if node.body.nil?
-            s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass))
-          elsif node.body.is_a?(StatementsNode)
-            compiler = copy_compiler(in_def: false)
-            s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass)).concat(node.body.body.map { |child| child.accept(compiler) })
-          else
-            s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass), node.body.accept(copy_compiler(in_def: false)))
-          end
+          result =
+            if node.body.nil?
+              s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass))
+            elsif node.body.is_a?(StatementsNode)
+              compiler = copy_compiler(in_def: false)
+              s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass)).concat(node.body.body.map { |child| child.accept(compiler) })
+            else
+              s(node, :class, name, visit(node.superclass), node.body.accept(copy_compiler(in_def: false)))
+            end
+
+          attach_comments(result, node)
+          result
         end
 
         # @@foo
@@ -384,9 +394,6 @@ module Prism
 
         # @@foo = 1
         # ^^^^^^^^^
-        #
-        # @@foo, @@bar = 1
-        # ^^^^^  ^^^^^
         def visit_class_variable_write_node(node)
           s(node, class_variable_write_type, node.name, visit_write_value(node.value))
         end
@@ -524,7 +531,9 @@ module Prism
               s(node, :defs, visit(node.receiver), name)
             end
 
+          attach_comments(result, node)
           result.line(node.name_loc.start_line)
+
           if node.parameters.nil?
             result << s(node, :args).line(node.name_loc.start_line)
           else
@@ -639,9 +648,6 @@ module Prism
 
         # $foo = 1
         # ^^^^^^^^
-        #
-        # $foo, $bar = 1
-        # ^^^^  ^^^^
         def visit_global_variable_write_node(node)
           s(node, :gasgn, node.name, visit_write_value(node.value))
         end
@@ -787,9 +793,6 @@ module Prism
 
         # @foo = 1
         # ^^^^^^^^
-        #
-        # @foo, @bar = 1
-        # ^^^^  ^^^^
         def visit_instance_variable_write_node(node)
           s(node, :iasgn, node.name, visit_write_value(node.value))
         end
@@ -976,8 +979,8 @@ module Prism
         def visit_lambda_node(node)
           parameters =
             case node.parameters
-            when nil, NumberedParametersNode
-              s(node, :args)
+            when nil, ItParametersNode, NumberedParametersNode
+              0
             else
               visit(node.parameters)
             end
@@ -1001,9 +1004,6 @@ module Prism
 
         # foo = 1
         # ^^^^^^^
-        #
-        # foo, bar = 1
-        # ^^^  ^^^
         def visit_local_variable_write_node(node)
           s(node, :lasgn, node.name, visit_write_value(node.value))
         end
@@ -1059,8 +1059,8 @@ module Prism
         # A node that is missing from the syntax tree. This is only used in the
         # case of a syntax error. The parser gem doesn't have such a concept, so
         # we invent our own here.
-        def visit_missing_node(node)
-          raise "Cannot visit missing node directly"
+        def visit_error_recovery_node(node)
+          raise "Cannot visit error recovery node directly"
         end
 
         # module Foo; end
@@ -1073,14 +1073,18 @@ module Prism
               visit(node.constant_path)
             end
 
-          if node.body.nil?
-            s(node, :module, name)
-          elsif node.body.is_a?(StatementsNode)
-            compiler = copy_compiler(in_def: false)
-            s(node, :module, name).concat(node.body.body.map { |child| child.accept(compiler) })
-          else
-            s(node, :module, name, node.body.accept(copy_compiler(in_def: false)))
-          end
+          result =
+            if node.body.nil?
+              s(node, :module, name)
+            elsif node.body.is_a?(StatementsNode)
+              compiler = copy_compiler(in_def: false)
+              s(node, :module, name).concat(node.body.body.map { |child| child.accept(compiler) })
+            else
+              s(node, :module, name, node.body.accept(copy_compiler(in_def: false)))
+            end
+
+          attach_comments(result, node)
+          result
         end
 
         # foo, bar = baz
@@ -1136,6 +1140,12 @@ module Prism
           s(node, :nil)
         end
 
+        # def foo(&nil); end
+        #         ^^^^
+        def visit_no_block_parameter_node(node)
+          :"&nil"
+        end
+
         # def foo(**nil); end
         #         ^^^^^
         def visit_no_keywords_parameter_node(node)
@@ -1188,7 +1198,7 @@ module Prism
         #         ^^^^^^^^^
         def visit_parameters_node(node)
           children =
-            node.compact_child_nodes.map do |element|
+            node.each_child_node.map do |element|
               if element.is_a?(MultiTargetNode)
                 visit_destructured_parameter(element)
               else
@@ -1537,6 +1547,17 @@ module Prism
 
         private
 
+        # Attach prism comments to the given sexp.
+        def attach_comments(sexp, node)
+          return unless node.comments
+          return if node.comments.empty?
+
+          extra = node.location.start_line - node.comments.last.location.start_line
+          comments = node.comments.map(&:slice)
+          comments.concat([nil] * [0, extra].max)
+          sexp.comments = comments.join("\n")
+        end
+
         # Create a new compiler with the given options.
         def copy_compiler(in_def: self.in_def, in_pattern: self.in_pattern)
           Compiler.new(file, in_def: in_def, in_pattern: in_pattern)
@@ -1615,6 +1636,14 @@ module Prism
         translate(Prism.parse_file(filepath, partial_script: true), filepath)
       end
 
+      # Parse the give file and translate it into the
+      # seattlerb/ruby_parser gem's Sexp format. This method is
+      # provided for API compatibility to RubyParser and takes an
+      # optional +timeout+ argument.
+      def process(ruby, file = "(string)", timeout = nil)
+        Timeout.timeout(timeout) { parse(ruby, file) }
+      end
+
       class << self
         # Parse the given source and translate it into the seattlerb/ruby_parser
         # gem's Sexp format.
@@ -1639,6 +1668,7 @@ module Prism
           raise ::RubyParser::SyntaxError, "#{filepath}:#{error.location.start_line} :: #{error.message}"
         end
 
+        result.attach_comments!
         result.value.accept(Compiler.new(filepath))
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/resolv.gemspec b/lib/resolv.gemspec
index bfa2f9ff31..66aed34e01 100644
--- a/lib/resolv.gemspec
+++ b/lib/resolv.gemspec
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
 
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
+  excludes = %W[/.git* /bin /test /*file /#{File.basename(__FILE__)}]
+  spec.files = IO.popen(%W[git -C #{__dir__} ls-files -z --] + excludes.map {|e| ":^#{e}"}, &:read).split("\x0")
   spec.bindir        = "exe"
   spec.executables   = []
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
diff --git a/lib/resolv.rb b/lib/resolv.rb
index 42a41d2527..6b58f92813 100644
--- a/lib/resolv.rb
+++ b/lib/resolv.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ require 'socket'
 require 'timeout'
 require 'io/wait'
 require 'securerandom'
+require 'rbconfig'
 
 # Resolv is a thread-aware DNS resolver library written in Ruby.  Resolv can
 # handle multiple DNS requests concurrently without blocking the entire Ruby
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ require 'securerandom'
 
 class Resolv
 
-  VERSION = "0.6.0"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "0.7.1"
 
   ##
   # Looks up the first IP address for +name+.
@@ -173,21 +175,19 @@ class Resolv
 
   class ResolvTimeout < Timeout::Error; end
 
-  WINDOWS = /mswin|cygwin|mingw|bccwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM || ::RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /mswin/
-  private_constant :WINDOWS
-
   ##
   # Resolv::Hosts is a hostname resolver that uses the system hosts file.
 
   class Hosts
-    if WINDOWS
+    if /mswin|cygwin|mingw|bccwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM || ::RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /mswin/
       begin
         require 'win32/resolv' unless defined?(Win32::Resolv)
-        DefaultFileName = Win32::Resolv.get_hosts_path || IO::NULL
+        hosts = Win32::Resolv.get_hosts_path || IO::NULL
       rescue LoadError
       end
     end
-    DefaultFileName ||= '/etc/hosts'
+    # The default file name for host names
+    DefaultFileName = hosts || '/etc/hosts'
 
     ##
     # Creates a new Resolv::Hosts, using +filename+ for its data source.
@@ -487,13 +487,18 @@ class Resolv
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::AAAA
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::ANY
+    # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::CAA
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::CNAME
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::HINFO
+    # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::HTTPS
+    # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::LOC
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::MINFO
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::MX
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::PTR
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::SOA
+    # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::SRV
+    # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::SVCB
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::TXT
     # * Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::WKS
     #
@@ -525,6 +530,8 @@ class Resolv
       }
     end
 
+    # :stopdoc:
+
     def fetch_resource(name, typeclass)
       lazy_initialize
       truncated = {}
@@ -719,7 +726,8 @@ class Resolv
           begin
             reply, from = recv_reply(select_result[0])
           rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED, # GNU/Linux, FreeBSD
-                 Errno::ECONNRESET # Windows
+                 Errno::ECONNRESET, # Windows
+                 EOFError
             # No name server running on the server?
             # Don't wait anymore.
             raise ResolvTimeout
@@ -928,8 +936,11 @@ class Resolv
         end
 
         def recv_reply(readable_socks)
-          len = readable_socks[0].read(2).unpack('n')[0]
+          len_data = readable_socks[0].read(2)
+          raise EOFError if len_data.nil? || len_data.bytesize != 2
+          len = len_data.unpack('n')[0]
           reply = @socks[0].read(len)
+          raise EOFError if reply.nil? || reply.bytesize != len
           return reply, nil
         end
 
@@ -998,13 +1009,13 @@ class Resolv
             next unless keyword
             case keyword
             when 'nameserver'
-              nameserver.concat(args)
+              nameserver.concat(args.each(&:freeze))
             when 'domain'
               next if args.empty?
-              search = [args[0]]
+              search = [args[0].freeze]
             when 'search'
               next if args.empty?
-              search = args
+              search = args.each(&:freeze)
             when 'options'
               args.each {|arg|
                 case arg
@@ -1015,22 +1026,21 @@ class Resolv
             end
           }
         }
-        return { :nameserver => nameserver, :search => search, :ndots => ndots }
+        return { :nameserver => nameserver.freeze, :search => search.freeze, :ndots => ndots.freeze }.freeze
       end
 
       def Config.default_config_hash(filename="/etc/resolv.conf")
         if File.exist? filename
-          config_hash = Config.parse_resolv_conf(filename)
+          Config.parse_resolv_conf(filename)
+        elsif defined?(Win32::Resolv)
+          search, nameserver = Win32::Resolv.get_resolv_info
+          config_hash = {}
+          config_hash[:nameserver] = nameserver if nameserver
+          config_hash[:search] = [search].flatten if search
+          config_hash
         else
-          if WINDOWS
-            require 'win32/resolv' unless defined?(Win32::Resolv)
-            search, nameserver = Win32::Resolv.get_resolv_info
-            config_hash = {}
-            config_hash[:nameserver] = nameserver if nameserver
-            config_hash[:search] = [search].flatten if search
-          end
+          {}
         end
-        config_hash || {}
       end
 
       def lazy_initialize
@@ -1679,6 +1689,7 @@ class Resolv
           prev_index = @index
           save_index = nil
           d = []
+          size = -1
           while true
             raise DecodeError.new("limit exceeded") if @limit <= @index
             case @data.getbyte(@index)
@@ -1699,7 +1710,10 @@ class Resolv
               end
               @index = idx
             else
-              d << self.get_label
+              l = self.get_label
+              d << l
+              size += 1 + l.string.bytesize
+              raise DecodeError.new("name label data exceed 255 octets") if size > 255
             end
           end
         end
@@ -2125,7 +2139,14 @@ class Resolv
 
       attr_reader :ttl
 
-      ClassHash = {} # :nodoc:
+      ClassHash = Module.new do
+        module_function
+
+        def []=(type_class_value, klass)
+          type_value, class_value = type_class_value
+          Resource.const_set(:"Type#{type_value}_Class#{class_value}", klass)
+        end
+      end
 
       def encode_rdata(msg) # :nodoc:
         raise NotImplementedError.new
@@ -2163,7 +2184,9 @@ class Resolv
       end
 
       def self.get_class(type_value, class_value) # :nodoc:
-        return ClassHash[[type_value, class_value]] ||
+        cache = :"Type#{type_value}_Class#{class_value}"
+
+        return (const_defined?(cache) && const_get(cache)) ||
                Generic.create(type_value, class_value)
       end
 
@@ -2592,7 +2615,7 @@ class Resolv
         end
 
         ##
-        # Flags for this proprty:
+        # Flags for this property:
         # - Bit 0 : 0 = not critical, 1 = critical
 
         attr_reader :flags
@@ -2913,15 +2936,21 @@ class Resolv
 
   class IPv4
 
-    ##
-    # Regular expression IPv4 addresses must match.
-
     Regex256 = /0
                |1(?:[0-9][0-9]?)?
                |2(?:[0-4][0-9]?|5[0-5]?|[6-9])?
-               |[3-9][0-9]?/x
+               |[3-9][0-9]?/x # :nodoc:
+
+    ##
+    # Regular expression IPv4 addresses must match.
     Regex = /\A(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\z/
 
+    ##
+    # Creates a new IPv4 address from +arg+ which may be:
+    #
+    # IPv4:: returns +arg+.
+    # String:: +arg+ must match the IPv4::Regex constant
+
     def self.create(arg)
       case arg
       when IPv4
@@ -3230,14 +3259,16 @@ class Resolv
 
   end
 
-  module LOC
+  module LOC # :nodoc:
 
     ##
     # A Resolv::LOC::Size
 
     class Size
 
-      Regex = /^(\d+\.*\d*)[m]$/
+      # Regular expression LOC size must match.
+
+      Regex = /\A0*(\d{1,8}(?:\.\d+)?)m\z/
 
       ##
       # Creates a new LOC::Size from +arg+ which may be:
@@ -3250,18 +3281,20 @@ class Resolv
         when Size
           return arg
         when String
-          scalar = ''
-          if Regex =~ arg
-            scalar = [(($1.to_f*(1e2)).to_i.to_s[0].to_i*(2**4)+(($1.to_f*(1e2)).to_i.to_s.length-1))].pack("C")
-          else
+          unless Regex =~ arg
             raise ArgumentError.new("not a properly formed Size string: " + arg)
           end
-          return Size.new(scalar)
+          unless (0.0...1e8) === (scalar = $1.to_f)
+            raise ArgumentError.new("out of range as Size: #{arg}")
+          end
+          str = (scalar * 100).to_i.to_s
+          return new([(str[0].to_i << 4) + (str.bytesize-1)].pack("C"))
         else
           raise ArgumentError.new("cannot interpret as Size: #{arg.inspect}")
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(scalar)
         @scalar = scalar
       end
@@ -3272,8 +3305,8 @@ class Resolv
       attr_reader :scalar
 
       def to_s # :nodoc:
-        s = @scalar.unpack("H2").join.to_s
-        return ((s[0].to_i)*(10**(s[1].to_i-2))).to_s << "m"
+        s, = @scalar.unpack("C")
+        return "#{(s >> 4) * (10.0 ** ((s & 0xf) - 2))}m"
       end
 
       def inspect # :nodoc:
@@ -3299,7 +3332,12 @@ class Resolv
 
     class Coord
 
-      Regex = /^(\d+)\s(\d+)\s(\d+\.\d+)\s([NESW])$/
+      # Regular expression LOC Coord must match.
+
+      Regex = /\A0*(\d{1,3})\s([0-5]?\d)\s([0-5]?\d(?:\.\d+)?)\s([NESW])\z/
+
+      # Bias for the equator/prime meridian, in thousandths of a second of arc.
+      Bias = 1 << 31
 
       ##
       # Creates a new LOC::Coord from +arg+ which may be:
@@ -3312,27 +3350,30 @@ class Resolv
         when Coord
           return arg
         when String
-          coordinates = ''
-          if Regex =~ arg && $1.to_f < 180
-            m = $~
-            hemi = (m[4][/[NE]/]) || (m[4][/[SW]/]) ? 1 : -1
-            coordinates = [ ((m[1].to_i*(36e5)) + (m[2].to_i*(6e4)) +
-                             (m[3].to_f*(1e3))) * hemi+(2**31) ].pack("N")
-            orientation = m[4][/[NS]/] ? 'lat' : 'lon'
-          else
+          unless m = Regex.match(arg)
             raise ArgumentError.new("not a properly formed Coord string: " + arg)
           end
-          return Coord.new(coordinates,orientation)
+
+          arc = (m[1].to_i * 3_600_000) + (m[2].to_i * 60_000) + (m[3].to_f * 1_000).to_i
+          dir = m[4]
+          lat = dir[/[NS]/]
+          unless arc <= (lat ? 324_000_000 : 648_000_000) # (lat ? 90 : 180) * 3_600_000
+            raise ArgumentError.new("out of range as Coord: #{arg}")
+          end
+
+          hemi = dir[/[NE]/] ? 1 : -1
+          return new([arc * hemi + Bias].pack("N"), lat ? "lat" : "lon")
         else
           raise ArgumentError.new("cannot interpret as Coord: #{arg.inspect}")
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(coordinates,orientation)
-        unless coordinates.kind_of?(String)
+        unless coordinates.kind_of?(String) and coordinates.bytesize == 4
           raise ArgumentError.new("Coord must be a 32bit unsigned integer in hex format: #{coordinates.inspect}")
         end
-        unless orientation.kind_of?(String) && orientation[/^lon$|^lat$/]
+        unless orientation == "lon" || orientation == "lat"
           raise ArgumentError.new('Coord expects orientation to be a String argument of "lat" or "lon"')
         end
         @coordinates = coordinates
@@ -3349,22 +3390,17 @@ class Resolv
       attr_reader :orientation
 
       def to_s # :nodoc:
-          c = @coordinates.unpack("N").join.to_i
-          val      = (c - (2**31)).abs
-          fracsecs = (val % 1e3).to_i.to_s
-          val      = val / 1e3
-          secs     = (val % 60).to_i.to_s
-          val      = val / 60
-          mins     = (val % 60).to_i.to_s
-          degs     = (val / 60).to_i.to_s
-          posi = (c >= 2**31)
-          case posi
-          when true
-            hemi = @orientation[/^lat$/] ? "N" : "E"
+          c, = @coordinates.unpack("N")
+          val = (c -= Bias).abs
+          val, fracsecs = val.divmod(1000)
+          val, secs     = val.divmod(60)
+          degs, mins    = val.divmod(60)
+          hemi = if c.negative?
+            @orientation == "lon" ? "W" : "S"
           else
-            hemi = @orientation[/^lon$/] ? "W" : "S"
+            @orientation == "lat" ? "N" : "E"
           end
-          return degs << " " << mins << " " << secs << "." << fracsecs << " " << hemi
+          format("%d %02d %02d.%03d %s", degs, mins, secs, fracsecs, hemi)
       end
 
       def inspect # :nodoc:
@@ -3390,7 +3426,12 @@ class Resolv
 
     class Alt
 
-      Regex = /^([+-]*\d+\.*\d*)[m]$/
+      # Regular expression LOC Alt must match.
+
+      Regex = /\A([+-]?0*\d{1,8}(?:\.\d+)?)m\z/
+
+      # Bias to a base of 100,000m below the WGS 84 reference spheroid.
+      Bias = 100_000_00
 
       ##
       # Creates a new LOC::Alt from +arg+ which may be:
@@ -3403,18 +3444,20 @@ class Resolv
         when Alt
           return arg
         when String
-          altitude = ''
-          if Regex =~ arg
-            altitude = [($1.to_f*(1e2))+(1e7)].pack("N")
-          else
+          unless Regex =~ arg
             raise ArgumentError.new("not a properly formed Alt string: " + arg)
           end
-          return Alt.new(altitude)
+          altitude = ($1.to_f * 100).to_i + Bias
+          unless (0...0x1_0000_0000) === altitude
+            raise ArgumentError.new("out of raise as Alt: #{arg}")
+          end
+          return new([altitude].pack("N"))
         else
           raise ArgumentError.new("cannot interpret as Alt: #{arg.inspect}")
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(altitude)
         @altitude = altitude
       end
@@ -3425,8 +3468,8 @@ class Resolv
       attr_reader :altitude
 
       def to_s # :nodoc:
-        a = @altitude.unpack("N").join.to_i
-        return ((a.to_f/1e2)-1e5).to_s + "m"
+        a, = @altitude.unpack("N")
+        return "#{(a - Bias).fdiv(100)}m"
       end
 
       def inspect # :nodoc:
diff --git a/lib/rubygems.rb b/lib/rubygems.rb
index ef8abcb855..d289cab0fd 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems.rb
@@ -9,16 +9,15 @@
 require "rbconfig"
 
 module Gem
-  VERSION = "3.7.0.dev"
+  VERSION = "4.1.0.dev"
 end
 
-# Must be first since it unloads the prelude from 1.9.2
-require_relative "rubygems/compatibility"
-
 require_relative "rubygems/defaults"
 require_relative "rubygems/deprecate"
 require_relative "rubygems/errors"
 require_relative "rubygems/target_rbconfig"
+require_relative "rubygems/win_platform"
+require_relative "rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer"
 
 ##
 # RubyGems is the Ruby standard for publishing and managing third party
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ require_relative "rubygems/target_rbconfig"
 # Further RubyGems documentation can be found at:
 #
 # * {RubyGems Guides}[https://guides.rubygems.org]
-# * {RubyGems API}[https://www.rubydoc.info/github/rubygems/rubygems] (also available from
+# * {RubyGems API}[https://guides.rubygems.org/rubygems-org-api/] (also available from
 #   <tt>gem server</tt>)
 #
 # == RubyGems Plugins
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ require_relative "rubygems/target_rbconfig"
 # == Bugs
 #
 # You can submit bugs to the
-# {RubyGems bug tracker}[https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues]
+# {RubyGems bug tracker}[https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/issues]
 # on GitHub
 #
 # == Credits
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ require_relative "rubygems/target_rbconfig"
 #
 # == License
 #
-# See {LICENSE.txt}[https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/LICENSE.txt] for permissions.
+# See {LICENSE.txt}[https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/blob/master/LICENSE.txt] for permissions.
 #
 # Thanks!
 #
@@ -116,18 +115,6 @@ require_relative "rubygems/target_rbconfig"
 module Gem
   RUBYGEMS_DIR = __dir__
 
-  ##
-  # An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.
-
-  WIN_PATTERNS = [
-    /bccwin/i,
-    /cygwin/i,
-    /djgpp/i,
-    /mingw/i,
-    /mswin/i,
-    /wince/i,
-  ].freeze
-
   GEM_DEP_FILES = %w[
     gem.deps.rb
     gems.rb
@@ -156,7 +143,12 @@ module Gem
     specifications/default
   ].freeze
 
-  @@win_platform = nil
+  ##
+  # The default value for SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH if not specified.
+  # We want a date after 1980-01-01, to prevent issues with Zip files.
+  # This particular timestamp is for 1980-01-02 00:00:00 GMT.
+
+  DEFAULT_SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH = 315_619_200
 
   @configuration = nil
   @gemdeps = nil
@@ -201,11 +193,13 @@ module Gem
     begin
       spec.activate
     rescue Gem::LoadError => e # this could fail due to gem dep collisions, go lax
-      spec_by_name = Gem::Specification.find_by_name(spec.name)
-      if spec_by_name.nil?
+      name = spec.name
+      spec = Gem::Specification.find_unloaded_by_path(path)
+      spec ||= Gem::Specification.find_by_name(name)
+      if spec.nil?
         raise e
       else
-        spec_by_name.activate
+        spec.activate
       end
     end
 
@@ -220,7 +214,7 @@ module Gem
     finish_resolve rs
   end
 
-  def self.finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
+  def self.finish_resolve(request_set = Gem::RequestSet.new)
     request_set.import Gem::Specification.unresolved_deps.values
     request_set.import Gem.loaded_specs.values.map {|s| Gem::Dependency.new(s.name, s.version) }
 
@@ -242,6 +236,16 @@ module Gem
     find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements).bin_file exec_name
   end
 
+  def self.find_and_activate_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements)
+    spec = find_spec_for_exe name, exec_name, requirements
+    Gem::LOADED_SPECS_MUTEX.synchronize do
+      spec.activate
+      finish_resolve
+    end
+    spec
+  end
+  private_class_method :find_and_activate_spec_for_exe
+
   def self.find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements)
     raise ArgumentError, "you must supply exec_name" unless exec_name
 
@@ -267,6 +271,42 @@ module Gem
   private_class_method :find_spec_for_exe
 
   ##
+  # Find and load the full path to the executable for gem +name+.  If the
+  # +exec_name+ is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the
+  # specified executable's path is returned.  +requirements+ allows
+  # you to specify specific gem versions.
+  #
+  # A side effect of this method is that it will activate the gem that
+  # contains the executable.
+  #
+  # This method should *only* be used in bin stub files.
+
+  def self.activate_and_load_bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements)
+    spec = find_and_activate_spec_for_exe name, exec_name, requirements
+
+    if spec.name == "bundler"
+      # Old versions of Bundler need a workaround to support nested `bundle
+      # exec` invocations by overriding `Gem.activate_bin_path`. However,
+      # RubyGems now uses this new `Gem.activate_and_load_bin_path` helper in
+      # binstubs, which is of course not overridden in Bundler since it didn't
+      # exist at the time. So, include the override here to workaround that.
+      load ENV["BUNDLE_BIN_PATH"] if ENV["BUNDLE_BIN_PATH"] && spec.version <= Gem::Version.create("2.5.22")
+
+      # Make sure there's no version of Bundler in `$LOAD_PATH` that's different
+      # from the version we just activated. If that was the case (it happens
+      # when testing Bundler from ruby/ruby), we would load Bundler extensions
+      # to RubyGems from the copy in `$LOAD_PATH` but then load the binstub from
+      # an installed copy, causing those copies to be mixed and yet more
+      # redefinition warnings.
+      #
+      require_path = $LOAD_PATH.resolve_feature_path("bundler").last.delete_suffix("/bundler.rb")
+      Gem.load_bundler_extensions(spec.version) if spec.full_require_paths.include?(require_path)
+    end
+
+    load spec.bin_file(exec_name)
+  end
+
+  ##
   # Find the full path to the executable for gem +name+.  If the +exec_name+
   # is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the
   # specified executable's path is returned.  +requirements+ allows
@@ -278,12 +318,7 @@ module Gem
   # This method should *only* be used in bin stub files.
 
   def self.activate_bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements) # :nodoc:
-    spec = find_spec_for_exe name, exec_name, requirements
-    Gem::LOADED_SPECS_MUTEX.synchronize do
-      spec.activate
-      finish_resolve
-    end
-    spec.bin_file exec_name
+    find_and_activate_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements).bin_file exec_name
   end
 
   ##
@@ -296,7 +331,7 @@ module Gem
   ##
   # The path where gem executables are to be installed.
 
-  def self.bindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
+  def self.bindir(install_dir = Gem.dir)
     return File.join install_dir, "bin" unless
       install_dir.to_s == Gem.default_dir.to_s
     Gem.default_bindir
@@ -305,7 +340,7 @@ module Gem
   ##
   # The path were rubygems plugins are to be installed.
 
-  def self.plugindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
+  def self.plugindir(install_dir = Gem.dir)
     File.join install_dir, "plugins"
   end
 
@@ -317,6 +352,8 @@ module Gem
   def self.clear_paths
     @paths         = nil
     @user_home     = nil
+    @cache_home    = nil
+    @data_home     = nil
     Gem::Specification.reset
     Gem::Security.reset if defined?(Gem::Security)
   end
@@ -489,7 +526,7 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   # Note that find_files will return all files even if they are from different
   # versions of the same gem.  See also find_latest_files
 
-  def self.find_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
+  def self.find_files(glob, check_load_path = true)
     files = []
 
     files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path
@@ -526,7 +563,7 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   # Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the
   # latest version of a gem.
 
-  def self.find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
+  def self.find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path = true)
     files = []
 
     files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path
@@ -604,6 +641,14 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   end
 
   @yaml_loaded = false
+  @use_psych = nil
+
+  ##
+  # Returns true if the Psych YAML parser is enabled via configuration.
+
+  def self.use_psych?
+    @use_psych || false
+  end
 
   ##
   # Loads YAML, preferring Psych
@@ -611,9 +656,15 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   def self.load_yaml
     return if @yaml_loaded
 
-    require "psych"
-    require_relative "rubygems/psych_tree"
+    @use_psych = ENV["RUBYGEMS_USE_PSYCH"] == "true" ||
+                 (defined?(@configuration) && @configuration && !@configuration[:use_psych].nil?)
+
+    if @use_psych
+      require "psych"
+      require_relative "rubygems/psych_tree"
+    end
 
+    require_relative "rubygems/yaml_serializer"
     require_relative "rubygems/safe_yaml"
 
     @yaml_loaded = true
@@ -630,6 +681,30 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   end
 
   ##
+  # Load Bundler extensions to RubyGems, making sure to avoid redefinition
+  # warnings in platform constants
+
+  def self.load_bundler_extensions(version)
+    return unless version <= Gem::Version.create("2.6.9")
+
+    previous_platforms = {}
+
+    platform_const_list = ["JAVA", "MSWIN", "MSWIN64", "MINGW", "X64_MINGW_LEGACY", "X64_MINGW", "UNIVERSAL_MINGW", "WINDOWS", "X64_LINUX", "X64_LINUX_MUSL"]
+
+    platform_const_list.each do |platform|
+      previous_platforms[platform] = Gem::Platform.const_get(platform)
+      Gem::Platform.send(:remove_const, platform)
+    end
+
+    require "bundler/rubygems_ext"
+
+    platform_const_list.each do |platform|
+      Gem::Platform.send(:remove_const, platform) if Gem::Platform.const_defined?(platform)
+      Gem::Platform.const_set(platform, previous_platforms[platform])
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
   # The file name and line number of the caller of the caller of this method.
   #
   # +depth+ is how many layers up the call stack it should go.
@@ -777,14 +852,12 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   end
 
   ##
-  # Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.
+  # Atomically write a file in binary mode on all platforms.
 
   def self.write_binary(path, data)
-    File.binwrite(path, data)
-  rescue Errno::ENOSPC
-    # If we ran out of space but the file exists, it's *guaranteed* to be corrupted.
-    File.delete(path) if File.exist?(path)
-    raise
+    Gem::AtomicFileWriter.open(path) do |file|
+      file.write(data)
+    end
   end
 
   ##
@@ -1023,18 +1096,6 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   end
 
   ##
-  # Is this a windows platform?
-
-  def self.win_platform?
-    if @@win_platform.nil?
-      ruby_platform = RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
-      @@win_platform = !WIN_PATTERNS.find {|r| ruby_platform =~ r }.nil?
-    end
-
-    @@win_platform
-  end
-
-  ##
   # Is this a java platform?
 
   def self.java_platform?
@@ -1155,8 +1216,7 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
 
   ##
   # If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, returns it's value.
-  # Otherwise, returns the time that +Gem.source_date_epoch_string+ was
-  # first called in the same format as SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.
+  # Otherwise, returns DEFAULT_SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH as a string.
   #
   # NOTE(@duckinator): The implementation is a tad weird because we want to:
   #   1. Make builds reproducible by default, by having this function always
@@ -1171,15 +1231,12 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
   # https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
 
   def self.source_date_epoch_string
-    # The value used if $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is not set.
-    @default_source_date_epoch ||= Time.now.to_i.to_s
-
     specified_epoch = ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"]
 
     # If it's empty or just whitespace, treat it like it wasn't set at all.
     specified_epoch = nil if !specified_epoch.nil? && specified_epoch.strip.empty?
 
-    epoch = specified_epoch || @default_source_date_epoch
+    epoch = specified_epoch || DEFAULT_SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.to_s
 
     epoch.strip
   end
@@ -1243,10 +1300,17 @@ An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
         prefix_pattern = /^(#{prefix_group})/
       end
 
+      native_extension_suffixes = Gem.dynamic_library_suffixes.reject(&:empty?)
+
       spec.files.each do |file|
         if new_format
           file = file.sub(prefix_pattern, "")
-          next unless $~
+          unless $~
+            # Also register native extension files (e.g. date_core.bundle)
+            # that are listed without require path prefix in the gemspec
+            next if file.include?("/")
+            next unless file.end_with?(*native_extension_suffixes)
+          end
         end
 
         spec.activate if already_loaded?(file)
@@ -1370,9 +1434,7 @@ require_relative "rubygems/specification"
 
 # REFACTOR: This should be pulled out into some kind of hacks file.
 begin
-  ##
   # Defaults the operating system (or packager) wants to provide for RubyGems.
-
   require "rubygems/defaults/operating_system"
 rescue LoadError
   # Ignored
@@ -1387,9 +1449,7 @@ rescue StandardError => e
 end
 
 begin
-  ##
   # Defaults the Ruby implementation wants to provide for RubyGems
-
   require "rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}"
 rescue LoadError
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/basic_specification.rb b/lib/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
index a09e8ed0e1..0ed7fc60bb 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
@@ -34,15 +34,6 @@ class Gem::BasicSpecification
     internal_init
   end
 
-  def self.default_specifications_dir
-    Gem.default_specifications_dir
-  end
-
-  class << self
-    extend Gem::Deprecate
-    rubygems_deprecate :default_specifications_dir, "Gem.default_specifications_dir"
-  end
-
   ##
   # The path to the gem.build_complete file within the extension install
   # directory.
@@ -199,6 +190,9 @@ class Gem::BasicSpecification
     File.expand_path(File.join(gems_dir, full_name, "data", name))
   end
 
+  extend Gem::Deprecate
+  rubygems_deprecate :datadir, :none, "4.1"
+
   ##
   # Full path of the target library file.
   # If the file is not in this gem, return nil.
@@ -256,6 +250,13 @@ class Gem::BasicSpecification
     raise NotImplementedError
   end
 
+  def installable_on_platform?(target_platform) # :nodoc:
+    return true if [Gem::Platform::RUBY, nil, target_platform].include?(platform)
+    return true if Gem::Platform.new(platform) === target_platform
+
+    false
+  end
+
   def raw_require_paths # :nodoc:
     raise NotImplementedError
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb b/lib/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb
index 4ebbad1c0c..bbe7bf0ab5 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb
@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 module Gem::BundlerVersionFinder
   def self.bundler_version
+    bcv = bundle_config_version
+    return if bcv == "system"
+
     v = ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"]
+    v = nil if v&.empty?
 
     v ||= bundle_update_bundler_version
     return if v == true
 
+    v ||= bcv unless bcv == "lockfile"
+
     v ||= lockfile_version
     return unless v
 
@@ -46,6 +52,67 @@ module Gem::BundlerVersionFinder
   private_class_method :lockfile_version
 
   def self.lockfile_contents
+    gemfile = gemfile_path
+
+    return unless gemfile
+
+    lockfile = ENV["BUNDLE_LOCKFILE"]
+    lockfile = nil if lockfile&.empty?
+
+    lockfile ||= case gemfile
+                 when "gems.rb" then "gems.locked"
+                 else "#{gemfile}.lock"
+    end
+
+    return unless File.file?(lockfile)
+
+    File.read(lockfile)
+  end
+  private_class_method :lockfile_contents
+
+  def self.bundle_config_version
+    env_version = ENV["BUNDLE_VERSION"]
+    return env_version if env_version && !env_version.empty?
+
+    version = nil
+
+    [bundler_local_config_file, bundler_global_config_file].each do |config_file|
+      next unless config_file && File.file?(config_file)
+
+      contents = File.read(config_file)
+      contents =~ /^BUNDLE_VERSION:\s*["']?([^"'\s]+)["']?\s*$/
+
+      version = $1
+      break if version
+    end
+
+    version
+  end
+  private_class_method :bundle_config_version
+
+  def self.bundler_global_config_file
+    # see Bundler::Settings#global_config_file
+    if ENV["BUNDLE_CONFIG"] && !ENV["BUNDLE_CONFIG"].empty?
+      ENV["BUNDLE_CONFIG"]
+    elsif ENV["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG"] && !ENV["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG"].empty?
+      ENV["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG"]
+    elsif ENV["BUNDLE_USER_HOME"] && !ENV["BUNDLE_USER_HOME"].empty?
+      ENV["BUNDLE_USER_HOME"] + "config"
+    elsif Gem.user_home && !Gem.user_home.empty?
+      Gem.user_home + ".bundle/config"
+    end
+  end
+  private_class_method :bundler_global_config_file
+
+  def self.bundler_local_config_file
+    gemfile = gemfile_path
+    return unless gemfile
+
+    File.join(File.dirname(gemfile), ".bundle", "config")
+  end
+  private_class_method :bundler_local_config_file
+
+  def self.gemfile_path
     gemfile = ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"]
     gemfile = nil if gemfile&.empty?
 
@@ -62,16 +129,7 @@ module Gem::BundlerVersionFinder
       end
     end
 
-    return unless gemfile
-
-    lockfile = case gemfile
-               when "gems.rb" then "gems.locked"
-               else "#{gemfile}.lock"
-    end
-
-    return unless File.file?(lockfile)
-
-    File.read(lockfile)
+    gemfile
   end
-  private_class_method :lockfile_contents
+  private_class_method :gemfile_path
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/command.rb b/lib/rubygems/command.rb
index 3a149ea38e..d38363f293 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/command.rb
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class Gem::Command
   # Unhandled arguments (gem names, files, etc.) are left in
   # <tt>options[:args]</tt>.
 
-  def initialize(command, summary=nil, defaults={})
+  def initialize(command, summary = nil, defaults = {})
     @command = command
     @summary = summary
     @program_name = "gem #{command}"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb b/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb
index 15834ce4dd..76b2fba835 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ class Gem::CommandManager
     :owner,
     :pristine,
     :push,
-    :query,
     :rdoc,
     :rebuild,
     :search,
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ class Gem::CommandManager
   ##
   # Register the Symbol +command+ as a gem command.
 
-  def register_command(command, obj=false)
+  def register_command(command, obj = false)
     @commands[command] = obj
   end
 
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ class Gem::CommandManager
   ##
   # Run the command specified by +args+.
 
-  def run(args, build_args=nil)
+  def run(args, build_args = nil)
     process_args(args, build_args)
   rescue StandardError, Gem::Timeout::Error => ex
     if ex.respond_to?(:detailed_message)
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ class Gem::CommandManager
     terminate_interaction(1)
   end
 
-  def process_args(args, build_args=nil)
+  def process_args(args, build_args = nil)
     if args.empty?
       say Gem::Command::HELP
       terminate_interaction 1
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb
index 2ec8324141..cfe1f8ec3c 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb
@@ -25,13 +25,6 @@ class Gem::Commands::BuildCommand < Gem::Command
     add_option "-o", "--output FILE", "output gem with the given filename" do |value, options|
       options[:output] = value
     end
-
-    add_option "-C PATH", "Run as if gem build was started in <PATH> instead of the current working directory." do |value, options|
-      options[:build_path] = value
-    end
-    deprecate_option "-C",
-                     version: "4.0",
-                     extra_msg: "-C is a global flag now. Use `gem -C PATH build GEMSPEC_FILE [options]` instead"
   end
 
   def arguments # :nodoc:
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb
index 72dcf1dd17..fe03841ddb 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Gem::Commands::CertCommand < Gem::Command
     cert = Gem::Security.create_cert_email(
       email,
       key,
-      (Gem::Security::ONE_DAY * expiration_length_days)
+      Gem::Security::ONE_DAY * expiration_length_days
     )
 
     Gem::Security.write cert, "gem-public_cert.pem"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb
index aea8c0d7de..a5eb521a53 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ keys:
   :verbose: Verbosity of the gem command. false, true, and :really are the
             levels
   :update_sources: Enable/disable automatic updating of repository metadata
+  :concurrent_downloads: The number of gem downloads to perform concurrently
   :backtrace: Print backtrace when RubyGems encounters an error
   :gempath: The paths in which to look for gems
   :disable_default_gem_server: Force specification of gem server host on push
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/exec_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/exec_command.rb
index 519539c694..1feafbdd35 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/exec_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/exec_command.rb
@@ -173,6 +173,9 @@ to the same gem path as user-installed gems.
   rescue Gem::InstallError => e
     alert_error "Error installing #{gem_name}:\n\t#{e.message}"
     terminate_interaction 1
+  rescue Gem::DependencyResolutionError => e
+    alert_error "Error installing #{gem_name}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+    terminate_interaction 2
   rescue Gem::GemNotFoundException => e
     show_lookup_failure e.name, e.version, e.errors, false
 
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ to the same gem path as user-installed gems.
     argv = ARGV.clone
     ARGV.replace options[:args]
 
-    exe = executable = options[:executable]
+    executable = options[:executable]
 
     contains_executable = Gem.loaded_specs.values.select do |spec|
       spec.executables.include?(executable)
@@ -206,13 +209,22 @@ to the same gem path as user-installed gems.
     end
 
     if contains_executable.empty?
-      if (spec = Gem.loaded_specs[executable]) && (exe = spec.executable)
-        contains_executable << spec
-      else
+      spec = Gem.loaded_specs[executable]
+
+      if spec.nil? || spec.executables.empty?
         alert_error "Failed to load executable `#{executable}`," \
               " are you sure the gem `#{options[:gem_name]}` contains it?"
         terminate_interaction 1
       end
+
+      if spec.executables.size > 1
+        alert_error "Ambiguous which executable from gem `#{executable}` should be run: " \
+              "the options are #{spec.executables.sort}, specify one via COMMAND, and use `-g` and `-v` to specify gem and version"
+        terminate_interaction 1
+      end
+
+      contains_executable << spec
+      executable = spec.executable
     end
 
     if contains_executable.size > 1
@@ -223,8 +235,8 @@ to the same gem path as user-installed gems.
     end
 
     old_exe = $0
-    $0 = exe
-    load Gem.activate_bin_path(contains_executable.first.name, exe, ">= 0.a")
+    $0 = executable
+    load Gem.activate_bin_path(contains_executable.first.name, executable, ">= 0.a")
   ensure
     $0 = old_exe if old_exe
     ARGV.replace argv
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb
index c524cf7922..8e64a18cee 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ then repackaging it.
     if options[:version] != Gem::Requirement.default &&
        get_all_gem_names.size > 1
       alert_error "Can't use --version with multiple gems. You can specify multiple gems with" \
-                  " version requirements using `gem fetch 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:~>2.0.0'`"
+                  " version requirements using `gem fetch 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:>=2'`"
       terminate_interaction 1
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb
index 1619b152e7..664f400561 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ Use #gem to declare which gems you directly depend upon:
 
 To depend on a specific set of versions:
 
-  gem 'rake', '~> 10.3', '>= 10.3.2'
+  gem 'rake', '>= 10.3.2'
+  # or for multiple version restrictions
+  gem 'rake', '>= 10.3.2', "< 13"
 
 RubyGems will require the gem name when activating the gem using
 the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable or Gem::use_gemdeps.  Use the
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb
index 2888b6c55a..6d3beec0b4 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ You can use `i` command instead of `install`.
     if options[:version] != Gem::Requirement.default &&
        get_all_gem_names.size > 1
       alert_error "Can't use --version with multiple gems. You can specify multiple gems with" \
-                  " version requirements using `gem install 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:~>2.0.0'`"
+                  " version requirements using `gem install 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:>=2'`"
       terminate_interaction 1
     end
   end
@@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ You can use `i` command instead of `install`.
       rescue Gem::InstallError => e
         alert_error "Error installing #{gem_name}:\n\t#{e.message}"
         exit_code |= 1
+      rescue Gem::DependencyResolutionError => e
+        alert_error "Error installing #{gem_name}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+        exit_code |= 2
       rescue Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError => e
         show_lookup_failure e.name, e.version, e.errors, suppress_suggestions,
                             "'#{gem_name}' (#{gem_version})"
@@ -239,11 +242,7 @@ You can use `i` command instead of `install`.
   # Loads post-install hooks
 
   def load_hooks # :nodoc:
-    if options[:install_as_default]
-      require_relative "../install_default_message"
-    else
-      require_relative "../install_message"
-    end
+    require_relative "../install_message"
     require_relative "../rdoc"
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb
index 12bfe3a834..675e866734 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb
@@ -75,11 +75,12 @@ permission to.
     end
 
     with_response response do |resp|
-      owners = Gem::SafeYAML.load clean_text(resp.body)
+      owners = Gem::SafeYAML.safe_load clean_text(resp.body)
 
       say "Owners for gem: #{name}"
       owners.each do |owner|
-        say "- #{owner["email"] || owner["handle"] || owner["id"]}"
+        identifier = owner["email"] || owner["handle"] || owner["id"]
+        say "- #{identifier} (#{owner["role"]})"
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
index 97f1646ba0..10978c2af7 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ If you have made modifications to an installed gem, the pristine command
 will revert them.  All extensions are rebuilt and all bin stubs for the gem
 are regenerated after checking for modifications.
 
+Rebuilding extensions also refreshes C-extension gems against updated system
+libraries (for example after OS or package upgrades) to avoid mismatches like
+outdated library version warnings.
+
 If the cached gem cannot be found it will be downloaded.
 
 If --no-extensions is provided pristine will not attempt to restore a gem
@@ -128,6 +132,11 @@ extensions will be restored.
     specs = specs.select {|spec| spec.platform == RUBY_ENGINE || Gem::Platform.local === spec.platform || spec.platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY }
 
     if specs.to_a.empty?
+      if options[:only_missing_extensions]
+        say "No gems with missing extensions to restore"
+        return
+      end
+
       raise Gem::Exception,
             "Failed to find gems #{options[:args]} #{options[:version]}"
     end
@@ -137,11 +146,14 @@ extensions will be restored.
     specs.group_by(&:full_name_with_location).values.each do |grouped_specs|
       spec = grouped_specs.find {|s| !s.default_gem? } || grouped_specs.first
 
-      unless only_executables_or_plugins?
+      only_executables = options[:only_executables]
+      only_plugins = options[:only_plugins]
+
+      unless only_executables || only_plugins
         # Default gemspecs include changes provided by ruby-core installer that
         # can't currently be pristined (inclusion of compiled extension targets in
         # the file list). So stick to resetting executables if it's a default gem.
-        options[:only_executables] = true if spec.default_gem?
+        only_executables = true if spec.default_gem?
       end
 
       if options.key? :skip
@@ -151,14 +163,14 @@ extensions will be restored.
         end
       end
 
-      unless spec.extensions.empty? || options[:extensions] || only_executables_or_plugins?
+      unless spec.extensions.empty? || options[:extensions] || only_executables || only_plugins
         say "Skipped #{spec.full_name_with_location}, it needs to compile an extension"
         next
       end
 
       gem = spec.cache_file
 
-      unless File.exist?(gem) || only_executables_or_plugins?
+      unless File.exist?(gem) || only_executables || only_plugins
         require_relative "../remote_fetcher"
 
         say "Cached gem for #{spec.full_name_with_location} not found, attempting to fetch..."
@@ -194,10 +206,10 @@ extensions will be restored.
         bin_dir: bin_dir,
       }
 
-      if options[:only_executables]
+      if only_executables
         installer = Gem::Installer.for_spec(spec, installer_options)
         installer.generate_bin
-      elsif options[:only_plugins]
+      elsif only_plugins
         installer = Gem::Installer.for_spec(spec, installer_options)
         installer.generate_plugins
       else
@@ -208,10 +220,4 @@ extensions will be restored.
       say "Restored #{spec.full_name_with_location}"
     end
   end
-
-  private
-
-  def only_executables_or_plugins?
-    options[:only_executables] || options[:only_plugins]
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb
index 726191377a..02931b3025 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb
@@ -92,20 +92,77 @@ The push command will use ~/.gem/credentials to authenticate to a server, but yo
   private
 
   def send_push_request(name, args)
-    rubygems_api_request(*args, scope: get_push_scope) do |request|
+    # Always honor explicit --attestation option
+    # Auto-attestation is only supported on rubygems.org with GitHub Actions (not JRuby)
+    if options[:attestations].any? || (RUBY_ENGINE != "jruby" && attestation_supported_host? && ENV["GITHUB_ACTIONS"])
+      send_push_request_with_attestation(name, args)
+    else
+      send_push_request_without_attestation(name, args)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def send_push_request_without_attestation(name, args)
+    scope = get_push_scope
+    rubygems_api_request(*args, scope: scope) do |request|
       body = Gem.read_binary name
-      if options[:attestations].any?
-        request.set_form([
-          ["gem", body, { filename: name, content_type: "application/octet-stream" }],
-          get_attestations_part,
-        ], "multipart/form-data")
-      else
-        request.body = body
-        request.add_field "Content-Type",   "application/octet-stream"
-        request.add_field "Content-Length", request.body.size
+      request.body = body
+      request.add_field "Content-Type",   "application/octet-stream"
+      request.add_field "Content-Length", request.body.size
+      request.add_field "Authorization", api_key
+    end
+  end
+
+  def send_push_request_with_attestation(name, args)
+    attestations = if options[:attestations].any?
+      options[:attestations].map do |attestation|
+        Gem.read_binary(attestation)
       end
+    else
+      bundle_path = attest!(name)
+      begin
+        [Gem.read_binary(bundle_path)]
+      ensure
+        File.unlink(bundle_path) if bundle_path && File.exist?(bundle_path)
+      end
+    end
+    bundles = "[" + attestations.join(",") + "]"
+
+    rubygems_api_request(*args, scope: get_push_scope) do |request|
+      request.set_form([
+        ["gem", Gem.read_binary(name), { filename: name, content_type: "application/octet-stream" }],
+        ["attestations", bundles, { content_type: "application/json" }],
+      ], "multipart/form-data")
       request.add_field "Authorization", api_key
     end
+  rescue StandardError => e
+    message = "Failed to push with attestation, retrying without attestation.\n"
+    message += if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+      e.full_message
+    else
+      e.message
+    end
+    alert_warning message
+    send_push_request_without_attestation(name, args)
+  end
+
+  def attest!(name)
+    require "open3"
+    require "tempfile"
+
+    tempfile = Tempfile.new([File.basename(name, ".*"), ".sigstore.json"])
+    bundle = tempfile.path
+    tempfile.close(false)
+
+    env = defined?(Bundler.unbundled_env) ? Bundler.unbundled_env : ENV.to_h
+    out, st = Open3.capture2e(
+      env,
+      Gem.ruby, "-S", "gem", "exec", "--conservative",
+      "sigstore-cli", "sign", name, "--bundle", bundle,
+      unsetenv_others: true
+    )
+    raise Gem::Exception, "Failed to sign gem:\n\n#{out}" unless st.success?
+
+    bundle
   end
 
   def get_hosts_for(name)
@@ -121,14 +178,8 @@ The push command will use ~/.gem/credentials to authenticate to a server, but yo
     :push_rubygem
   end
 
-  def get_attestations_part
-    bundles = "[" + options[:attestations].map do |attestation|
-      Gem.read_binary(attestation)
-    end.join(",") + "]"
-    [
-      "attestations",
-      bundles,
-      { content_type: "application/json" },
-    ]
+  def attestation_supported_host?
+    host = (@host || Gem.host).to_s.chomp("/")
+    host == Gem::DEFAULT_HOST
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b527974a3..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative "../command"
-require_relative "../query_utils"
-require_relative "../deprecate"
-
-class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
-  extend Gem::Deprecate
-  rubygems_deprecate_command
-
-  include Gem::QueryUtils
-
-  alias_method :warning_without_suggested_alternatives, :deprecation_warning
-  def deprecation_warning
-    warning_without_suggested_alternatives
-
-    message = "It is recommended that you use `gem search` or `gem list` instead.\n"
-    alert_warning message unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
-  end
-
-  def initialize(name = "query", summary = "Query gem information in local or remote repositories")
-    super name, summary,
-         domain: :local, details: false, versions: true,
-         installed: nil, version: Gem::Requirement.default
-
-    add_option("-n", "--name-matches REGEXP",
-               "Name of gem(s) to query on matches the",
-               "provided REGEXP") do |value, options|
-      options[:name] = /#{value}/i
-    end
-
-    add_query_options
-  end
-
-  def description # :nodoc:
-    <<-EOF
-The query command is the basis for the list and search commands.
-
-You should really use the list and search commands instead.  This command
-is too hard to use.
-    EOF
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/rebuild_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/rebuild_command.rb
index 77a474ef1d..23b9d7b3ba 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/rebuild_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/rebuild_command.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "date"
 require "digest"
 require "fileutils"
 require "tmpdir"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb
index 301ce25314..175599967c 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ require_relative "../command"
 # RubyGems checkout or tarball.
 
 class Gem::Commands::SetupCommand < Gem::Command
-  HISTORY_HEADER = %r{^#\s*[\d.a-zA-Z]+\s*/\s*\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s*$}
-  VERSION_MATCHER = %r{^#\s*([\d.a-zA-Z]+)\s*/\s*\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s*$}
+  HISTORY_HEADER = %r{^##\s*[\d.a-zA-Z]+\s*/\s*\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s*$}
+  VERSION_MATCHER = %r{^##\s*([\d.a-zA-Z]+)\s*/\s*\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s*$}
 
   ENV_PATHS = %w[/usr/bin/env /bin/env].freeze
 
@@ -393,16 +393,20 @@ By default, this RubyGems will install gem as:
     Dir.chdir("bundler") do
       built_gem = Gem::Package.build(new_bundler_spec)
       begin
-        Gem::Installer.at(
+        installer = Gem::Installer.at(
           built_gem,
           env_shebang: options[:env_shebang],
           format_executable: options[:format_executable],
           force: options[:force],
-          install_as_default: true,
           bin_dir: bin_dir,
           install_dir: default_dir,
           wrappers: true
-        ).install
+        )
+        # We need to install only executable and default spec files.
+        # lib/bundler.rb and lib/bundler/* are available under the site_ruby directory.
+        installer.extract_bin
+        installer.generate_bin
+        installer.write_default_spec
       ensure
         FileUtils.rm_f built_gem
       end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
index 976f4a4ea2..b399af2bd3 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ class Gem::Commands::SourcesCommand < Gem::Command
       options[:add] = value
     end
 
+    add_option "--append SOURCE_URI", "Append source (can be used multiple times)" do |value, options|
+      options[:append] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option "-p", "--prepend SOURCE_URI", "Prepend source (can be used multiple times)" do |value, options|
+      options[:prepend] = value
+    end
+
     add_option "-l", "--list", "List sources" do |value, options|
       options[:list] = value
     end
@@ -26,8 +34,7 @@ class Gem::Commands::SourcesCommand < Gem::Command
       options[:remove] = value
     end
 
-    add_option "-c", "--clear-all",
-               "Remove all sources (clear the cache)" do |value, options|
+    add_option "-c", "--clear-all", "Remove all sources (clear the cache)" do |value, options|
       options[:clear_all] = value
     end
 
@@ -43,11 +50,8 @@ class Gem::Commands::SourcesCommand < Gem::Command
   end
 
   def add_source(source_uri) # :nodoc:
-    check_rubygems_https source_uri
-
-    source = Gem::Source.new source_uri
-
-    check_typo_squatting(source)
+    source = build_new_source(source_uri)
+    source_uri = source.uri.to_s
 
     begin
       if Gem.sources.include? source
@@ -68,6 +72,54 @@ class Gem::Commands::SourcesCommand < Gem::Command
     end
   end
 
+  def append_source(source_uri) # :nodoc:
+    source = build_new_source(source_uri)
+    source_uri = source.uri.to_s
+
+    begin
+      source.load_specs :released
+      was_present = Gem.sources.include?(source)
+      Gem.sources.append source
+      Gem.configuration.write
+
+      if was_present
+        say "#{source_uri} moved to end of sources"
+      else
+        say "#{source_uri} added to sources"
+      end
+    rescue Gem::URI::Error, ArgumentError
+      say "#{source_uri} is not a URI"
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError => e
+      say "Error fetching #{Gem::Uri.redact(source.uri)}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  def prepend_source(source_uri) # :nodoc:
+    source = build_new_source(source_uri)
+    source_uri = source.uri.to_s
+
+    begin
+      source.load_specs :released
+      was_present = Gem.sources.include?(source)
+      Gem.sources.prepend source
+      Gem.configuration.write
+
+      if was_present
+        say "#{source_uri} moved to top of sources"
+      else
+        say "#{source_uri} added to sources"
+      end
+    rescue Gem::URI::Error, ArgumentError
+      say "#{source_uri} is not a URI"
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError => e
+      say "Error fetching #{Gem::Uri.redact(source.uri)}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    end
+  end
+
   def check_typo_squatting(source)
     if source.typo_squatting?("rubygems.org")
       question = <<-QUESTION.chomp
@@ -80,6 +132,19 @@ Do you want to add this source?
     end
   end
 
+  def normalize_source_uri(source_uri) # :nodoc:
+    # Ensure the source URI has a trailing slash for proper RFC 2396 path merging
+    # Without a trailing slash, the last path segment is treated as a file and removed
+    # during relative path resolution (e.g., "/blish" + "gems/foo.gem" = "/gems/foo.gem")
+    # With a trailing slash, it's treated as a directory (e.g., "/blish/" + "gems/foo.gem" = "/blish/gems/foo.gem")
+    uri = Gem::URI.parse(source_uri)
+    uri.path = uri.path.gsub(%r{/+\z}, "") + "/" if uri.path && !uri.path.empty?
+    uri.to_s
+  rescue Gem::URI::Error
+    # If parsing fails, return the original URI and let later validation handle it
+    source_uri
+  end
+
   def check_rubygems_https(source_uri) # :nodoc:
     uri = Gem::URI source_uri
 
@@ -128,7 +193,7 @@ yourself to use your own gem server.
 Without any arguments the sources lists your currently configured sources:
 
   $ gem sources
-  *** CURRENT SOURCES ***
+  *** NO CONFIGURED SOURCES, DEFAULT SOURCES LISTED BELOW ***
 
   https://rubygems.org
 
@@ -147,33 +212,49 @@ Since all of these sources point to the same set of gems you only need one
 of them in your list.  https://rubygems.org is recommended as it brings the
 protections of an SSL connection to gem downloads.
 
-To add a source use the --add argument:
+To add a private gem source use the --prepend argument to insert it before
+the default source. This is usually the best place for private gem sources:
 
-    $ gem sources --add https://rubygems.org
-    https://rubygems.org added to sources
+    $ gem sources --prepend https://my.private.source
+    https://my.private.source added to sources
 
 RubyGems will check to see if gems can be installed from the source given
 before it is added.
 
+To add or move a source after all other sources, use --append:
+
+    $ gem sources --append https://rubygems.org
+    https://rubygems.org moved to end of sources
+
 To remove a source use the --remove argument:
 
-    $ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
-    https://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
+    $ gem sources --remove https://my.private.source/
+    https://my.private.source/ removed from sources
 
     EOF
   end
 
   def list # :nodoc:
-    say "*** CURRENT SOURCES ***"
+    if configured_sources
+      header = "*** CURRENT SOURCES ***"
+      list = configured_sources
+    else
+      header = "*** NO CONFIGURED SOURCES, DEFAULT SOURCES LISTED BELOW ***"
+      list = Gem.sources
+    end
+
+    say header
     say
 
-    Gem.sources.each do |src|
+    list.each do |src|
       say src
     end
   end
 
   def list? # :nodoc:
     !(options[:add] ||
+      options[:prepend] ||
+      options[:append] ||
       options[:clear_all] ||
       options[:remove] ||
       options[:update])
@@ -182,11 +263,13 @@ To remove a source use the --remove argument:
   def execute
     clear_all if options[:clear_all]
 
-    source_uri = options[:add]
-    add_source source_uri if source_uri
+    add_source options[:add] if options[:add]
+
+    prepend_source options[:prepend] if options[:prepend]
+
+    append_source options[:append] if options[:append]
 
-    source_uri = options[:remove]
-    remove_source source_uri if source_uri
+    remove_source options[:remove] if options[:remove]
 
     update if options[:update]
 
@@ -194,13 +277,22 @@ To remove a source use the --remove argument:
   end
 
   def remove_source(source_uri) # :nodoc:
-    if Gem.sources.include? source_uri
-      Gem.sources.delete source_uri
+    source = build_source(source_uri)
+    source_uri = source.uri.to_s
+
+    if configured_sources&.include? source
+      Gem.sources.delete source
       Gem.configuration.write
 
-      say "#{source_uri} removed from sources"
+      if default_sources.include?(source) && configured_sources.one?
+        alert_warning "Removing a default source when it is the only source has no effect. Add a different source to #{config_file_name} if you want to stop using it as a source."
+      else
+        say "#{source_uri} removed from sources"
+      end
+    elsif configured_sources
+      say "source #{source_uri} cannot be removed because it's not present in #{config_file_name}"
     else
-      say "source #{source_uri} not present in cache"
+      say "source #{source_uri} cannot be removed because there are no configured sources in #{config_file_name}"
     end
   end
 
@@ -224,4 +316,33 @@ To remove a source use the --remove argument:
       say "*** Unable to remove #{desc} source cache ***"
     end
   end
+
+  private
+
+  def default_sources
+    Gem::SourceList.from(Gem.default_sources)
+  end
+
+  def configured_sources
+    return @configured_sources if defined?(@configured_sources)
+
+    configuration_sources = Gem.configuration.sources
+    @configured_sources = Gem::SourceList.from(configuration_sources) if configuration_sources
+  end
+
+  def config_file_name
+    Gem.configuration.config_file_name
+  end
+
+  def build_source(source_uri)
+    source_uri = normalize_source_uri(source_uri)
+    Gem::Source.new(source_uri)
+  end
+
+  def build_new_source(source_uri)
+    source = build_source(source_uri)
+    check_rubygems_https(source.uri.to_s)
+    check_typo_squatting(source)
+    source
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb
index a21ed35be3..15e543f1a6 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Gem::Commands::SpecificationCommand < Gem::Command
 
   def arguments # :nodoc:
     <<-ARGS
-GEMFILE       name of gem to show the gemspec for
+GEM_OR_FILE   gem name or a .gem file to show the gemspec for
 FIELD         name of gemspec field to show
     ARGS
   end
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Specific fields in the specification can be extracted in YAML format:
   end
 
   def usage # :nodoc:
-    "#{program_name} [GEMFILE] [FIELD]"
+    "#{program_name} [GEM_OR_FILE] [FIELD]"
   end
 
   def execute
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Specific fields in the specification can be extracted in YAML format:
 
     unless gem
       raise Gem::CommandLineError,
-            "Please specify a gem name or file on the command line"
+            "Please specify a gem name or a .gem file on the command line"
     end
 
     case v = options[:version]
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Specific fields in the specification can be extracted in YAML format:
       say case options[:format]
           when :ruby then s.to_ruby
           when :marshal then Marshal.dump s
-          else s.to_yaml
+          else Gem.use_psych? ? s.to_yaml : Gem::YAMLSerializer.dump(s)
       end
 
       say "\n"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb
index 3d6e41e49e..3c26074f93 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ that is a dependency of an existing gem.  You can use the
     if options[:version] != Gem::Requirement.default &&
        get_all_gem_names.size > 1
       alert_error "Can't use --version with multiple gems. You can specify multiple gems with" \
-                  " version requirements using `gem uninstall 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:~>2.0.0'`"
+                  " version requirements using `gem uninstall 'my_gem:1.0.0' 'my_other_gem:>=2'`"
       terminate_interaction 1
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/compatibility.rb b/lib/rubygems/compatibility.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d9df56f8a..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/compatibility.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-#--
-# This file contains all sorts of little compatibility hacks that we've
-# had to introduce over the years. Quarantining them into one file helps
-# us know when we can get rid of them.
-#
-# Ruby 1.9.x has introduced some things that are awkward, and we need to
-# support them, so we define some constants to use later.
-#
-# TODO remove at RubyGems 4
-#++
-
-module Gem
-  # :stopdoc:
-
-  RubyGemsVersion = VERSION
-  deprecate_constant(:RubyGemsVersion)
-
-  RbConfigPriorities = %w[
-    MAJOR
-    MINOR
-    TEENY
-    EXEEXT RUBY_SO_NAME arch bindir datadir libdir ruby_install_name
-    ruby_version rubylibprefix sitedir sitelibdir vendordir vendorlibdir
-    rubylibdir
-  ].freeze
-
-  if defined?(ConfigMap)
-    RbConfigPriorities.each do |key|
-      ConfigMap[key.to_sym] = RbConfig::CONFIG[key]
-    end
-  else
-    ##
-    # Configuration settings from ::RbConfig
-    ConfigMap = Hash.new do |cm, key|
-      cm[key] = RbConfig::CONFIG[key.to_s]
-    end
-    deprecate_constant(:ConfigMap)
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb b/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb
index a2bcb6dfbc..d5e9eb4e33 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb
@@ -26,9 +26,22 @@ require "rbconfig"
 # RubyGems options use symbol keys.  Valid options are:
 #
 # +:backtrace+:: See #backtrace
-# +:sources+:: Sets Gem::sources
+# +:bulk_threshold+:: See #bulk_threshold
 # +:verbose+:: See #verbose
+# +:update_sources+:: See #update_sources
 # +:concurrent_downloads+:: See #concurrent_downloads
+# +:cert_expiration_length_days+:: See #cert_expiration_length_days
+# +:install_extension_in_lib+:: See #install_extension_in_lib
+# +:ipv4_fallback_enabled+:: See #ipv4_fallback_enabled
+# +:global_gem_cache+:: See #global_gem_cache
+# +:use_psych+:: See #use_psych
+# +:gemhome+:: See #home
+# +:gempath+:: See #path
+# +:sources+:: Sets Gem::sources
+# +:disable_default_gem_server+:: See #disable_default_gem_server
+# +:ssl_verify_mode+:: See #ssl_verify_mode
+# +:ssl_ca_cert+:: See #ssl_ca_cert
+# +:ssl_client_cert+:: See #ssl_client_cert
 #
 # gemrc files may exist in various locations and are read and merged in
 # the following order:
@@ -47,8 +60,9 @@ class Gem::ConfigFile
   DEFAULT_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS = 8
   DEFAULT_CERT_EXPIRATION_LENGTH_DAYS = 365
   DEFAULT_IPV4_FALLBACK_ENABLED = false
-  # TODO: Use false as default value for this option in RubyGems 4.0
   DEFAULT_INSTALL_EXTENSION_IN_LIB = true
+  DEFAULT_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE = false
+  DEFAULT_USE_PSYCH = false
 
   ##
   # For Ruby packagers to set configuration defaults.  Set in
@@ -156,6 +170,17 @@ class Gem::ConfigFile
   attr_accessor :ipv4_fallback_enabled
 
   ##
+  # Use a global cache for .gem files shared across all Ruby installations.
+  # When enabled, gems are cached to ~/.cache/gem/gems (or XDG_CACHE_HOME/gem/gems).
+
+  attr_accessor :global_gem_cache
+
+  ##
+  # Use Psych (C extension YAML parser) instead of the pure Ruby YAMLSerializer.
+
+  attr_accessor :use_psych
+
+  ##
   # Path name of directory or file of openssl client certificate, used for remote https connection with client authentication
 
   attr_reader :ssl_client_cert
@@ -192,6 +217,8 @@ class Gem::ConfigFile
     @cert_expiration_length_days = DEFAULT_CERT_EXPIRATION_LENGTH_DAYS
     @install_extension_in_lib = DEFAULT_INSTALL_EXTENSION_IN_LIB
     @ipv4_fallback_enabled = ENV["IPV4_FALLBACK_ENABLED"] == "true" || DEFAULT_IPV4_FALLBACK_ENABLED
+    @global_gem_cache = ENV["RUBYGEMS_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE"] == "true" || DEFAULT_GLOBAL_GEM_CACHE
+    @use_psych = ENV["RUBYGEMS_USE_PSYCH"] == "true" || DEFAULT_USE_PSYCH
 
     operating_system_config = Marshal.load Marshal.dump(OPERATING_SYSTEM_DEFAULTS)
     platform_config = Marshal.load Marshal.dump(PLATFORM_DEFAULTS)
@@ -213,8 +240,9 @@ class Gem::ConfigFile
     @hash.transform_keys! do |k|
       # gemhome and gempath are not working with symbol keys
       if %w[backtrace bulk_threshold verbose update_sources cert_expiration_length_days
-            install_extension_in_lib ipv4_fallback_enabled sources disable_default_gem_server
-            ssl_verify_mode ssl_ca_cert ssl_client_cert].include?(k)
+            concurrent_downloads install_extension_in_lib ipv4_fallback_enabled
+            global_gem_cache use_psych sources
+            disable_default_gem_server ssl_verify_mode ssl_ca_cert ssl_client_cert].include?(k)
         k.to_sym
       else
         k
@@ -226,10 +254,12 @@ class Gem::ConfigFile
     @bulk_threshold              = @hash[:bulk_threshold]              if @hash.key? :bulk_threshold
     @verbose                     = @hash[:verbose]                     if @hash.key? :verbose
     @update_sources              = @hash[:update_sources]              if @hash.key? :update_sources
-    # TODO: We should handle concurrent_downloads same as other options
+    @concurrent_downloads        = @hash[:concurrent_downloads]        if @hash.key? :concurrent_downloads
     @cert_expiration_length_days = @hash[:cert_expiration_length_days] if @hash.key? :cert_expiration_length_days
     @install_extension_in_lib    = @hash[:install_extension_in_lib]    if @hash.key? :install_extension_in_lib
     @ipv4_fallback_enabled       = @hash[:ipv4_fallback_enabled]       if @hash.key? :ipv4_fallback_enabled
+    @global_gem_cache            = @hash[:global_gem_cache]            if @hash.key? :global_gem_cache
+    @use_psych                   = @hash[:use_psych]                   if @hash.key? :use_psych
 
     @home                        = @hash[:gemhome]                     if @hash.key? :gemhome
     @path                        = @hash[:gempath]                     if @hash.key? :gempath
@@ -345,7 +375,7 @@ if you believe they were disclosed to a third party.
     require "fileutils"
     FileUtils.mkdir_p(dirname)
 
-    permissions = 0o600 & (~File.umask)
+    permissions = 0o600 & ~File.umask
     File.open(credentials_path, "w", permissions) do |f|
       f.write self.class.dump_with_rubygems_yaml(config)
     end
@@ -369,7 +399,9 @@ if you believe they were disclosed to a third party.
 
     begin
       config = self.class.load_with_rubygems_config_hash(File.read(filename))
-      if config.keys.any? {|k| k.to_s.gsub(%r{https?:\/\/}, "").include?(": ") }
+      has_invalid_keys = config.keys.any? {|k| k.to_s.gsub(%r{https?:\/\/}, "").include?(": ") }
+      has_invalid_values = config.values.any? {|v| v.is_a?(String) && v.gsub(%r{https?:\/\/}, "").match?(/\A\S+: /) }
+      if has_invalid_keys || has_invalid_values
         warn "Failed to load #{filename} because it doesn't contain valid YAML hash"
         return {}
       else
@@ -554,7 +586,9 @@ if you believe they were disclosed to a third party.
   def self.load_with_rubygems_config_hash(yaml)
     require_relative "yaml_serializer"
 
-    content = Gem::YAMLSerializer.load(yaml)
+    content = Gem::YAMLSerializer.load(yaml, permitted_classes: [])
+    return {} unless content.is_a?(Hash)
+
     deep_transform_config_keys!(content)
   end
 
@@ -588,7 +622,7 @@ if you believe they were disclosed to a third party.
         else
           v
         end
-      elsif v.empty?
+      elsif v.respond_to?(:empty?) && v.empty?
         nil
       elsif v.is_a?(Hash)
         deep_transform_config_keys!(v)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb b/lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb
index 073966b696..3a9bdbdc9d 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb
@@ -64,8 +64,11 @@ module Kernel
           rp
         end
 
-        Kernel.send(:gem, name, Gem::Requirement.default_prerelease) unless
-          resolved_path
+        next if resolved_path
+
+        Kernel.send(:gem, name, Gem::Requirement.default_prerelease)
+
+        Gem.load_bundler_extensions(Gem.loaded_specs[name].version) if name == "bundler"
 
         next
       end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/defaults.rb b/lib/rubygems/defaults.rb
index 1bd208feb9..2247c49c81 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/defaults.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/defaults.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module Gem
   # An Array of the default sources that come with RubyGems
 
   def self.default_sources
-    %w[https://rubygems.org/]
+    @default_sources ||= %w[https://rubygems.org/]
   end
 
   ##
@@ -149,6 +149,15 @@ module Gem
   end
 
   ##
+  # The path to the global gem cache directory.
+  # This is used when global_gem_cache is enabled to share .gem files
+  # across all Ruby installations.
+
+  def self.global_gem_cache_path
+    File.join(cache_home, "gem", "gems")
+  end
+
+  ##
   # The path to standard location of the user's data directory.
 
   def self.data_home
@@ -239,7 +248,7 @@ module Gem
   # Enables automatic installation into user directory
 
   def self.default_user_install # :nodoc:
-    if !ENV.key?("GEM_HOME") && (File.exist?(Gem.dir) && !File.writable?(Gem.dir))
+    if !ENV.key?("GEM_HOME") && File.exist?(Gem.dir) && !File.writable?(Gem.dir)
       Gem.ui.say "Defaulting to user installation because default installation directory (#{Gem.dir}) is not writable."
       return true
     end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb
index d1ec9222af..1e91f493a6 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class Gem::Dependency
   # NOTE:  Unlike #matches_spec? this method does not return true when the
   # version is a prerelease version unless this is a prerelease dependency.
 
-  def match?(obj, version=nil, allow_prerelease=false)
+  def match?(obj, version = nil, allow_prerelease = false)
     if !version
       name = obj.name
       version = obj.version
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb
index b119dca1cf..c842714d95 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb
@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ require_relative "installer"
 require_relative "spec_fetcher"
 require_relative "user_interaction"
 require_relative "available_set"
-require_relative "deprecate"
 
 ##
 # Installs a gem along with all its dependencies from local and remote gems.
 
 class Gem::DependencyInstaller
   include Gem::UserInteraction
-  extend Gem::Deprecate
 
   DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { # :nodoc:
     env_shebang: false,
@@ -28,7 +26,6 @@ class Gem::DependencyInstaller
     wrappers: true,
     build_args: nil,
     build_docs_in_background: false,
-    install_as_default: false,
   }.freeze
 
   ##
@@ -86,11 +83,13 @@ class Gem::DependencyInstaller
     @user_install        = options[:user_install]
     @wrappers            = options[:wrappers]
     @build_args          = options[:build_args]
+    @build_jobs          = options[:build_jobs]
     @build_docs_in_background = options[:build_docs_in_background]
-    @install_as_default = options[:install_as_default]
     @dir_mode = options[:dir_mode]
     @data_mode = options[:data_mode]
     @prog_mode = options[:prog_mode]
+    @build_extension = options[:build_extension]
+    @install_plugin = options[:install_plugin]
 
     # Indicates that we should not try to update any deps unless
     # we absolutely must.
@@ -121,78 +120,6 @@ class Gem::DependencyInstaller
     @domain == :both || @domain == :remote
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Returns a list of pairs of gemspecs and source_uris that match
-  # Gem::Dependency +dep+ from both local (Dir.pwd) and remote (Gem.sources)
-  # sources.  Gems are sorted with newer gems preferred over older gems, and
-  # local gems preferred over remote gems.
-
-  def find_gems_with_sources(dep, best_only=false) # :nodoc:
-    set = Gem::AvailableSet.new
-
-    if consider_local?
-      sl = Gem::Source::Local.new
-
-      if spec = sl.find_gem(dep.name)
-        if dep.matches_spec? spec
-          set.add spec, sl
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    if consider_remote?
-      begin
-        # This is pulled from #spec_for_dependency to allow
-        # us to filter tuples before fetching specs.
-        tuples, errors = Gem::SpecFetcher.fetcher.search_for_dependency dep
-
-        if best_only && !tuples.empty?
-          tuples.sort! do |a,b|
-            if b[0].version == a[0].version
-              if b[0].platform != Gem::Platform::RUBY
-                1
-              else
-                -1
-              end
-            else
-              b[0].version <=> a[0].version
-            end
-          end
-          tuples = [tuples.first]
-        end
-
-        specs = []
-        tuples.each do |tup, source|
-          spec = source.fetch_spec(tup)
-        rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError => e
-          errors << Gem::SourceFetchProblem.new(source, e)
-        else
-          specs << [spec, source]
-        end
-
-        if @errors
-          @errors += errors
-        else
-          @errors = errors
-        end
-
-        set << specs
-      rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError => e
-        # FIX if there is a problem talking to the network, we either need to always tell
-        # the user (no really_verbose) or fail hard, not silently tell them that we just
-        # couldn't find their requested gem.
-        verbose do
-          "Error fetching remote data:\t\t#{e.message}\n" \
-            "Falling back to local-only install"
-        end
-        @domain = :local
-      end
-    end
-
-    set
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :find_gems_with_sources
-
   def in_background(what) # :nodoc:
     fork_happened = false
     if @build_docs_in_background && Process.respond_to?(:fork)
@@ -230,6 +157,7 @@ class Gem::DependencyInstaller
     options = {
       bin_dir: @bin_dir,
       build_args: @build_args,
+      build_jobs: @build_jobs,
       document: @document,
       env_shebang: @env_shebang,
       force: @force,
@@ -240,10 +168,11 @@ class Gem::DependencyInstaller
       user_install: @user_install,
       wrappers: @wrappers,
       build_root: @build_root,
-      install_as_default: @install_as_default,
       dir_mode: @dir_mode,
       data_mode: @data_mode,
       prog_mode: @prog_mode,
+      build_extension: @build_extension,
+      install_plugin: @install_plugin,
     }
     options[:install_dir] = @install_dir if @only_install_dir
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
index ad5e59e8c1..d50cfe2d54 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #++
 
 require_relative "vendored_tsort"
-require_relative "deprecate"
 
 ##
 # Gem::DependencyList is used for installing and uninstalling gems in the
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ class Gem::DependencyList
   # If removing the gemspec creates breaks a currently ok dependency, then it
   # is NOT ok to remove the gemspec.
 
-  def ok_to_remove?(full_name, check_dev=true)
+  def ok_to_remove?(full_name, check_dev = true)
     gem_to_remove = find_name full_name
 
     # If the state is inconsistent, at least don't crash
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/deprecate.rb b/lib/rubygems/deprecate.rb
index 7d24f9cbfc..eb503bb269 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/deprecate.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/deprecate.rb
@@ -1,75 +1,75 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-##
-# Provides 3 methods for declaring when something is going away.
-#
-# +deprecate(name, repl, year, month)+:
-#     Indicate something may be removed on/after a certain date.
-#
-# +rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)+:
-#     Indicate something will be removed in the next major RubyGems version,
-#     and (optionally) a replacement for it.
-#
-# +rubygems_deprecate_command+:
-#     Indicate a RubyGems command (in +lib/rubygems/commands/*.rb+) will be
-#     removed in the next RubyGems version.
-#
-# Also provides +skip_during+ for temporarily turning off deprecation warnings.
-# This is intended to be used in the test suite, so deprecation warnings
-# don't cause test failures if you need to make sure stderr is otherwise empty.
-#
-#
-# Example usage of +deprecate+ and +rubygems_deprecate+:
-#
-#     class Legacy
-#       def self.some_class_method
-#         # ...
-#       end
-#
-#       def some_instance_method
-#         # ...
-#       end
-#
-#       def some_old_method
-#         # ...
-#       end
-#
-#       extend Gem::Deprecate
-#       deprecate :some_instance_method, "X.z", 2011, 4
-#       rubygems_deprecate :some_old_method, "Modern#some_new_method"
-#
-#       class << self
-#         extend Gem::Deprecate
-#         deprecate :some_class_method, :none, 2011, 4
-#       end
-#     end
-#
-#
-# Example usage of +rubygems_deprecate_command+:
-#
-#     class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
-#       extend Gem::Deprecate
-#       rubygems_deprecate_command
-#
-#       # ...
-#     end
-#
-#
-# Example usage of +skip_during+:
-#
-#     class TestSomething < Gem::Testcase
-#       def test_some_thing_with_deprecations
-#         Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
-#           actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
-#             Gem.something_deprecated
-#           end
-#           assert_empty actual_stdout
-#           assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
-#         end
-#       end
-#     end
-
 module Gem
+  ##
+  # Provides 3 methods for declaring when something is going away.
+  #
+  # <tt>deprecate(name, repl, year, month)</tt>:
+  #     Indicate something may be removed on/after a certain date.
+  #
+  # <tt>rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)</tt>:
+  #     Indicate something will be removed in the next major RubyGems version,
+  #     and (optionally) a replacement for it.
+  #
+  # +rubygems_deprecate_command+:
+  #     Indicate a RubyGems command (in +lib/rubygems/commands/*.rb+) will be
+  #     removed in the next RubyGems version.
+  #
+  # Also provides +skip_during+ for temporarily turning off deprecation warnings.
+  # This is intended to be used in the test suite, so deprecation warnings
+  # don't cause test failures if you need to make sure stderr is otherwise empty.
+  #
+  #
+  # Example usage of +deprecate+ and +rubygems_deprecate+:
+  #
+  #     class Legacy
+  #       def self.some_class_method
+  #         # ...
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       def some_instance_method
+  #         # ...
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       def some_old_method
+  #         # ...
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       extend Gem::Deprecate
+  #       deprecate :some_instance_method, "X.z", 2011, 4
+  #       rubygems_deprecate :some_old_method, "Modern#some_new_method"
+  #
+  #       class << self
+  #         extend Gem::Deprecate
+  #         deprecate :some_class_method, :none, 2011, 4
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #
+  #
+  # Example usage of +rubygems_deprecate_command+:
+  #
+  #     class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
+  #       extend Gem::Deprecate
+  #       rubygems_deprecate_command
+  #
+  #       # ...
+  #     end
+  #
+  #
+  # Example usage of +skip_during+:
+  #
+  #     class TestSomething < Gem::Testcase
+  #       def test_some_thing_with_deprecations
+  #         Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
+  #           actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
+  #             Gem.something_deprecated
+  #           end
+  #           assert_empty actual_stdout
+  #           assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #     end
+
   module Deprecate
     def self.skip # :nodoc:
       @skip ||= false
@@ -126,17 +126,18 @@ module Gem
     # telling the user of +repl+ (unless +repl+ is :none) and the
     # Rubygems version that it is planned to go away.
 
-    def rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)
+    def rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement = :none, version = nil)
       class_eval do
         old = "_deprecated_#{name}"
         alias_method old, name
         define_method name do |*args, &block|
           klass = is_a? Module
           target = klass ? "#{self}." : "#{self.class}#"
+          version ||= Gem::Deprecate.next_rubygems_major_version
           msg = [
             "NOTE: #{target}#{name} is deprecated",
             replacement == :none ? " with no replacement" : "; use #{replacement} instead",
-            ". It will be removed in Rubygems #{Gem::Deprecate.next_rubygems_major_version}",
+            ". It will be removed in Rubygems #{version}",
             "\n#{target}#{name} called from #{Gem.location_of_caller.join(":")}",
           ]
           warn "#{msg.join}." unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
@@ -147,13 +148,14 @@ module Gem
     end
 
     # Deprecation method to deprecate Rubygems commands
-    def rubygems_deprecate_command(version = Gem::Deprecate.next_rubygems_major_version)
+    def rubygems_deprecate_command(version = nil)
       class_eval do
         define_method "deprecated?" do
           true
         end
 
         define_method "deprecation_warning" do
+          version ||= Gem::Deprecate.next_rubygems_major_version
           msg = [
             "#{command} command is deprecated",
             ". It will be removed in Rubygems #{version}.\n",
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/doctor.rb b/lib/rubygems/doctor.rb
index 56b7c081eb..4f26260d83 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/doctor.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/doctor.rb
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class Gem::Doctor
       next if installed_specs.include? basename
       next if /^rubygems-\d/.match?(basename)
       next if sub_directory == "specifications" && basename == "default"
-      next if sub_directory == "plugins" && Gem.plugin_suffix_regexp =~ (basename)
+      next if sub_directory == "plugins" && Gem.plugin_suffix_regexp =~ basename
 
       type = File.directory?(child) ? "directory" : "file"
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/errors.rb b/lib/rubygems/errors.rb
index 57fb3eb120..4bbc5217e0 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/errors.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/errors.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module Gem
   # system.  Instead of rescuing from this class, make sure to rescue from the
   # superclass Gem::LoadError to catch all types of load errors.
   class MissingSpecError < Gem::LoadError
-    def initialize(name, requirement, extra_message=nil)
+    def initialize(name, requirement, extra_message = nil)
       @name        = name
       @requirement = requirement
       @extra_message = extra_message
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb b/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb
index 793324b875..e00a70c662 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
 require_relative "unknown_command_spell_checker"
 
 ##
@@ -21,20 +20,11 @@ class Gem::UnknownCommandError < Gem::Exception
   end
 
   def self.attach_correctable
-    return if defined?(@attached)
+    return if method_defined?(:corrections)
 
-    if defined?(DidYouMean::SPELL_CHECKERS) && defined?(DidYouMean::Correctable)
-      if DidYouMean.respond_to?(:correct_error)
-        DidYouMean.correct_error(Gem::UnknownCommandError, Gem::UnknownCommandSpellChecker)
-      else
-        DidYouMean::SPELL_CHECKERS["Gem::UnknownCommandError"] =
-          Gem::UnknownCommandSpellChecker
-
-        prepend DidYouMean::Correctable
-      end
+    if defined?(DidYouMean) && DidYouMean.respond_to?(:correct_error)
+      DidYouMean.correct_error(Gem::UnknownCommandError, Gem::UnknownCommandSpellChecker)
     end
-
-    @attached = true
   end
 end
 
@@ -43,22 +33,24 @@ class Gem::DependencyError < Gem::Exception; end
 class Gem::DependencyRemovalException < Gem::Exception; end
 
 ##
-# Raised by Gem::Resolver when a Gem::Dependency::Conflict reaches the
-# toplevel.  Indicates which dependencies were incompatible through #conflict
-# and #conflicting_dependencies
+# Raised by Gem::Resolver when dependency resolution fails.
 
 class Gem::DependencyResolutionError < Gem::DependencyError
-  attr_reader :conflict
-
   def initialize(conflict)
-    @conflict = conflict
-    a, b = conflicting_dependencies
+    @explanation = conflict.explanation
+    super @explanation
+  end
 
-    super "conflicting dependencies #{a} and #{b}\n#{@conflict.explanation}"
+  def explanation
+    @explanation
+  end
+
+  def conflict
+    nil
   end
 
   def conflicting_dependencies
-    @conflict.conflicting_dependencies
+    []
   end
 end
 
@@ -110,7 +102,7 @@ class Gem::SpecificGemNotFoundException < Gem::GemNotFoundException
   # and +version+.  Any +errors+ encountered when attempting to find the gem
   # are also stored.
 
-  def initialize(name, version, errors=nil)
+  def initialize(name, version, errors = nil)
     super "Could not find a valid gem '#{name}' (#{version}) locally or in a repository"
 
     @name = name
@@ -136,40 +128,6 @@ end
 
 Gem.deprecate_constant :SpecificGemNotFoundException
 
-##
-# Raised by Gem::Resolver when dependencies conflict and create the
-# inability to find a valid possible spec for a request.
-
-class Gem::ImpossibleDependenciesError < Gem::Exception
-  attr_reader :conflicts
-  attr_reader :request
-
-  def initialize(request, conflicts)
-    @request   = request
-    @conflicts = conflicts
-
-    super build_message
-  end
-
-  def build_message # :nodoc:
-    requester  = @request.requester
-    requester  = requester ? requester.spec.full_name : "The user"
-    dependency = @request.dependency
-
-    message = "#{requester} requires #{dependency} but it conflicted:\n".dup
-
-    @conflicts.each do |_, conflict|
-      message << conflict.explanation
-    end
-
-    message
-  end
-
-  def dependency
-    @request.dependency
-  end
-end
-
 class Gem::InstallError < Gem::Exception; end
 
 class Gem::RuntimeRequirementNotMetError < Gem::InstallError
@@ -261,7 +219,7 @@ class Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError < Gem::DependencyError
   # Creates a new UnsatisfiableDependencyError for the unsatisfiable
   # Gem::Resolver::DependencyRequest +dep+
 
-  def initialize(dep, platform_mismatch=nil)
+  def initialize(dep, platform_mismatch = nil)
     if platform_mismatch && !platform_mismatch.empty?
       plats = platform_mismatch.map {|x| x.platform.to_s }.sort.uniq
       super "Unable to resolve dependency: No match for '#{dep}' on this platform. Found: #{plats.join(", ")}"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb
index 12eb62ef16..e00cf159da 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@
 #++
 
 require_relative "../user_interaction"
-require_relative "../shellwords"
 
 class Gem::Ext::Builder
   include Gem::UserInteraction
 
+  class NoMakefileError < Gem::InstallError
+  end
+
   attr_accessor :build_args # :nodoc:
 
   def self.class_name
@@ -20,19 +22,30 @@ class Gem::Ext::Builder
   end
 
   def self.make(dest_path, results, make_dir = Dir.pwd, sitedir = nil, targets = ["clean", "", "install"],
-    target_rbconfig: Gem.target_rbconfig)
+    target_rbconfig: Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     unless File.exist? File.join(make_dir, "Makefile")
-      raise Gem::InstallError, "Makefile not found"
+      # No makefile exists, nothing to do.
+      raise NoMakefileError, "No Makefile found in #{make_dir}"
     end
 
     # try to find make program from Ruby configure arguments first
     target_rbconfig["configure_args"] =~ /with-make-prog\=(\w+)/
     make_program_name = ENV["MAKE"] || ENV["make"] || $1
     make_program_name ||= RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("mswin") ? "nmake" : "make"
-    make_program = Shellwords.split(make_program_name)
+    make_program = shellsplit(make_program_name)
 
+    is_nmake = /\bnmake/i.match?(make_program_name)
     # The installation of the bundled gems is failed when DESTDIR is empty in mswin platform.
-    destdir = /\bnmake/i !~ make_program_name || ENV["DESTDIR"] && ENV["DESTDIR"] != "" ? format("DESTDIR=%s", ENV["DESTDIR"]) : ""
+    destdir = !is_nmake || ENV["DESTDIR"] && ENV["DESTDIR"] != "" ? format("DESTDIR=%s", ENV["DESTDIR"]) : ""
+
+    # nmake doesn't support parallel build
+    unless is_nmake
+      have_make_arguments = make_program.size > 1
+
+      if !have_make_arguments && !ENV["MAKEFLAGS"] && n_jobs
+        make_program << "-j#{n_jobs}"
+      end
+    end
 
     env = [destdir]
 
@@ -58,7 +71,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::Builder
 
   def self.ruby
     # Gem.ruby is quoted if it contains whitespace
-    cmd = Shellwords.split(Gem.ruby)
+    cmd = shellsplit(Gem.ruby)
 
     # This load_path is only needed when running rubygems test without a proper installation.
     # Prepending it in a normal installation will cause problem with order of $LOAD_PATH.
@@ -83,13 +96,14 @@ class Gem::Ext::Builder
         p(command)
       end
       results << "current directory: #{dir}"
-      results << Shellwords.join(command)
+      results << shelljoin(command)
 
       require "open3"
       # Set $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH for the subprocess.
       build_env = { "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH" => Gem.source_date_epoch_string }.merge(env)
       output, status = begin
-                         Open3.popen2e(build_env, *command, chdir: dir) do |_stdin, stdouterr, wait_thread|
+                         Open3.popen2e(build_env, *command, chdir: dir) do |stdin, stdouterr, wait_thread|
+                           stdin.close
                            output = String.new
                            while line = stdouterr.gets
                              output << line
@@ -127,18 +141,29 @@ class Gem::Ext::Builder
     end
   end
 
+  def self.shellsplit(command)
+    require "shellwords"
+
+    Shellwords.split(command)
+  end
+
+  def self.shelljoin(command)
+    require "shellwords"
+
+    Shellwords.join(command)
+  end
+
   ##
   # Creates a new extension builder for +spec+.  If the +spec+ does not yet
   # have build arguments, saved, set +build_args+ which is an ARGV-style
   # array.
 
-  def initialize(spec, build_args = spec.build_args, target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig)
+  def initialize(spec, build_args = spec.build_args, target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, build_jobs = nil)
     @spec       = spec
     @build_args = build_args
     @gem_dir    = spec.full_gem_path
     @target_rbconfig = target_rbconfig
-
-    @ran_rake = false
+    @build_jobs = build_jobs
   end
 
   ##
@@ -151,10 +176,9 @@ class Gem::Ext::Builder
     when /configure/ then
       Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder
     when /rakefile/i, /mkrf_conf/i then
-      @ran_rake = true
       Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder
     when /CMakeLists.txt/ then
-      Gem::Ext::CmakeBuilder
+      Gem::Ext::CmakeBuilder.new
     when /Cargo.toml/ then
       Gem::Ext::CargoBuilder.new
     else
@@ -193,7 +217,7 @@ EOF
       FileUtils.mkdir_p dest_path
 
       results = builder.build(extension, dest_path,
-                              results, @build_args, lib_dir, extension_dir, @target_rbconfig)
+                              results, @build_args, lib_dir, extension_dir, @target_rbconfig, n_jobs: @build_jobs)
 
       verbose { results.join("\n") }
 
@@ -224,8 +248,6 @@ EOF
     FileUtils.rm_f @spec.gem_build_complete_path
 
     @spec.extensions.each do |extension|
-      break if @ran_rake
-
       build_extension extension, dest_path
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/cargo_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/cargo_builder.rb
index 453f8d5bcb..516459dd60 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/cargo_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/cargo_builder.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "../shellwords"
-
 # This class is used by rubygems to build Rust extensions. It is a thin-wrapper
 # over the `cargo rustc` command which takes care of building Rust code in a way
 # that Ruby can use.
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::CargoBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
   end
 
   def build(extension, dest_path, results, args = [], lib_dir = nil, cargo_dir = Dir.pwd,
-    target_rbconfig=Gem.target_rbconfig)
+    target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     require "tempfile"
     require "fileutils"
 
@@ -159,7 +157,11 @@ class Gem::Ext::CargoBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
   # We want to use the same linker that Ruby uses, so that the linker flags from
   # mkmf work properly.
   def linker_args
-    cc_flag = Shellwords.split(makefile_config("CC"))
+    cc_flag = self.class.shellsplit(makefile_config("CC"))
+    # Avoid to ccache like tool from Rust build
+    # see https://github.com/ruby/rubygems/pull/8521#issuecomment-2689854359
+    # ex. CC="ccache gcc" or CC="sccache clang --any --args"
+    cc_flag.shift if cc_flag.size >= 2 && !cc_flag[1].start_with?("-")
     linker = cc_flag.shift
     link_args = cc_flag.flat_map {|a| ["-C", "link-arg=#{a}"] }
 
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::CargoBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
 
   def libruby_args(dest_dir)
     libs = makefile_config(ruby_static? ? "LIBRUBYARG_STATIC" : "LIBRUBYARG_SHARED")
-    raw_libs = Shellwords.split(libs)
+    raw_libs = self.class.shellsplit(libs)
     raw_libs.flat_map {|l| ldflag_to_link_modifier(l) }
   end
 
@@ -225,10 +227,9 @@ class Gem::Ext::CargoBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
       raise Gem::InstallError, "cargo metadata failed#{exit_reason}"
     end
 
-    # cargo metadata output is specified as json, but with the
-    # --format-version 1 option the output is compatible with YAML, so we can
-    # avoid the json dependency
-    metadata = Gem::SafeYAML.safe_load(output)
+    # cargo metadata output is specified as json
+    require "json"
+    metadata = JSON.parse(output)
     package = metadata["packages"].find {|pkg| normalize_path(pkg["manifest_path"]) == manifest_path }
     unless package
       found = metadata["packages"].map {|md| "#{md["name"]} at #{md["manifest_path"]}" }
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ EOF
   end
 
   def split_flags(var)
-    Shellwords.split(RbConfig::CONFIG.fetch(var, ""))
+    self.class.shellsplit(RbConfig::CONFIG.fetch(var, ""))
   end
 
   def ldflag_to_link_modifier(arg)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/cmake_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/cmake_builder.rb
index 34564f668d..e660ed558b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/cmake_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/cmake_builder.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,110 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+# This builder creates extensions defined using CMake. Its is invoked if a Gem's spec file
+# sets the `extension` property to a string that contains `CMakeLists.txt`.
+#
+# In general, CMake projects are built in two steps:
+#
+#  * configure
+#  * build
+#
+# The builder follow this convention. First it runs a configuration step and then it runs a build step.
+#
+# CMake projects can be quite configurable - it is likely you will want to specify options when
+# installing a gem. To pass options to CMake specify them after `--` in the gem install command. For example:
+#
+#   gem install <gem_name> -- --preset <preset_name>
+#
+# Note that options are ONLY sent to the configure step - it is not currently possible to specify
+# options for the build step. If this becomes and issue then the CMake builder can be updated to
+# support build options.
+#
+# Useful options to know are:
+#
+#  -G to specify a generator (-G Ninja is recommended)
+#  -D<CMAKE_VARIABLE> to set a CMake variable (for example -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release)
+#  --preset <preset_name> to use a preset
+#
+# If the Gem author provides presets, via CMakePresets.json file, you will likely want to use one of them.
+# If not, you may wish to specify a generator. Ninja is recommended because it can build projects in parallel
+# and thus much faster than building them serially like Make does.
+
 class Gem::Ext::CmakeBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
-  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args=[], lib_dir=nil, cmake_dir=Dir.pwd,
-    target_rbconfig=Gem.target_rbconfig)
+  attr_accessor :runner, :profile
+  def initialize
+    @runner = self.class.method(:run)
+    @profile = :release
+  end
+
+  def build(extension, dest_path, results, args = [], lib_dir = nil, cmake_dir = Dir.pwd,
+    target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     if target_rbconfig.path
       warn "--target-rbconfig is not yet supported for CMake extensions. Ignoring"
     end
 
-    unless File.exist?(File.join(cmake_dir, "Makefile"))
-      require_relative "../command"
-      cmd = ["cmake", ".", "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=#{dest_path}", *Gem::Command.build_args]
+    # Figure the build dir
+    build_dir = File.join(cmake_dir, "build")
 
-      run cmd, results, class_name, cmake_dir
-    end
+    # Check if the gem defined presets
+    check_presets(cmake_dir, args, results)
+
+    # Configure
+    configure(cmake_dir, build_dir, dest_path, args, results)
 
-    make dest_path, results, cmake_dir, target_rbconfig: target_rbconfig
+    # Compile
+    compile(cmake_dir, build_dir, args, results)
 
     results
   end
+
+  def configure(cmake_dir, build_dir, install_dir, args, results)
+    cmd = ["cmake",
+           cmake_dir,
+           "-B",
+           build_dir,
+           "-DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=#{install_dir}", # Windows
+           "-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=#{install_dir}", # Not Windows
+           *Gem::Command.build_args,
+           *args]
+
+    runner.call(cmd, results, "cmake_configure", cmake_dir)
+  end
+
+  def compile(cmake_dir, build_dir, args, results)
+    cmd = ["cmake",
+           "--build",
+           build_dir.to_s,
+           "--config",
+           @profile.to_s]
+
+    runner.call(cmd, results, "cmake_compile", cmake_dir)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def check_presets(cmake_dir, args, results)
+    # Return if the user specified a preset
+    return unless args.grep(/--preset/i).empty?
+
+    cmd = ["cmake",
+           "--list-presets"]
+
+    presets = Array.new
+    begin
+      runner.call(cmd, presets, "cmake_presets", cmake_dir)
+
+      # Remove the first two lines of the array which is the current_directory and the command
+      # that was run
+      presets = presets[2..].join
+      results << <<~EOS
+        The gem author provided a list of presets that can be used to build the gem. To use a preset specify it on the command line:
+
+          gem install <gem_name> -- --preset <preset_name>
+
+        #{presets}
+      EOS
+    rescue Gem::InstallError
+      # Do nothing, CMakePresets.json was not included in the Gem
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb
index d91b1ec5e8..230b214b3c 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #++
 
 class Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
-  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args=[], lib_dir=nil, configure_dir=Dir.pwd,
-    target_rbconfig=Gem.target_rbconfig)
+  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args = [], lib_dir = nil, configure_dir = Dir.pwd,
+    target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     if target_rbconfig.path
       warn "--target-rbconfig is not yet supported for configure-based extensions. Ignoring"
     end
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
       run cmd, results, class_name, configure_dir
     end
 
-    make dest_path, results, configure_dir, target_rbconfig: target_rbconfig
+    make dest_path, results, configure_dir, target_rbconfig: target_rbconfig, n_jobs: n_jobs
 
     results
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb
index e652a221f8..822454355d 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #++
 
 class Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
-  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args=[], lib_dir=nil, extension_dir=Dir.pwd,
-    target_rbconfig=Gem.target_rbconfig)
+  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args = [], lib_dir = nil, extension_dir = Dir.pwd,
+    target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     require "fileutils"
     require "tempfile"
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
 
       ENV["DESTDIR"] = nil
 
-      make dest_path, results, extension_dir, tmp_dest_relative, target_rbconfig: target_rbconfig
+      make dest_path, results, extension_dir, tmp_dest_relative, target_rbconfig: target_rbconfig, n_jobs: n_jobs
 
       full_tmp_dest = File.join(extension_dir, tmp_dest_relative)
 
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ class Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
     end
 
     results
+  rescue Gem::Ext::Builder::NoMakefileError => error
+    results << error.message
+    results << "Skipping make for #{extension} as no Makefile was found."
+    # We are good, do not re-raise the error.
   ensure
     FileUtils.rm_rf tmp_dest if tmp_dest
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb
index 42393a4a06..d702d7f339 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "../shellwords"
-
 #--
 # Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
 # All rights reserved.
@@ -9,8 +7,8 @@ require_relative "../shellwords"
 #++
 
 class Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
-  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args=[], lib_dir=nil, extension_dir=Dir.pwd,
-    target_rbconfig=Gem.target_rbconfig)
+  def self.build(extension, dest_path, results, args = [], lib_dir = nil, extension_dir = Dir.pwd,
+    target_rbconfig = Gem.target_rbconfig, n_jobs: nil)
     if target_rbconfig.path
       warn "--target-rbconfig is not yet supported for Rake extensions. Ignoring"
     end
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ class Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
     rake = ENV["rake"]
 
     if rake
-      rake = Shellwords.split(rake)
+      rake = shellsplit(rake)
     else
       begin
         rake = ruby << "-rrubygems" << Gem.bin_path("rake", "rake")
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb b/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb
index 4cb924677f..e60cebd0cb 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 require_relative "../rubygems"
 require_relative "command_manager"
-require_relative "deprecate"
 
 ##
 # Run an instance of the gem program.
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities.rb b/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities.rb
index d3176d4564..9c22c14fad 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities.rb
@@ -154,10 +154,11 @@ module Gem::GemcutterUtilities
 
   def sign_in(sign_in_host = nil, scope: nil)
     sign_in_host ||= host
-    return if api_key
-
     pretty_host = pretty_host(sign_in_host)
-
+    if api_key
+      say "You are already signed in on #{pretty_host}."
+      return
+    end
     say "Enter your #{pretty_host} credentials."
     say "Don't have an account yet? " \
         "Create one at #{sign_in_host}/sign_up"
@@ -263,7 +264,10 @@ module Gem::GemcutterUtilities
       port = server.addr[1].to_s
 
       url_with_port = "#{webauthn_url}?port=#{port}"
-      say "You have enabled multi-factor authentication. Please visit #{url_with_port} to authenticate via security device. If you can't verify using WebAuthn but have OTP enabled, you can re-run the gem signin command with the `--otp [your_code]` option."
+      say "You have enabled multi-factor authentication. Please visit the following URL to authenticate via security device. If you can't verify using WebAuthn but have OTP enabled, you can re-run the gem signin command with the `--otp [your_code]` option."
+      say ""
+      say url_with_port
+      say ""
 
       threads = [WebauthnListener.listener_thread(host, server), WebauthnPoller.poll_thread(options, host, webauthn_url, credentials)]
       otp_thread = wait_for_otp_thread(*threads)
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ module Gem::GemcutterUtilities
   end
 
   def get_scope_params(scope)
-    scope_params = { index_rubygems: true }
+    scope_params = { index_rubygems: true, push_rubygem: true }
 
     if scope
       scope_params = { scope => true }
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities/webauthn_listener.rb b/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities/webauthn_listener.rb
index abf65efe37..3f56a077c9 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities/webauthn_listener.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities/webauthn_listener.rb
@@ -85,10 +85,17 @@ module Gem::GemcutterUtilities
     end
 
     def parse_otp_from_uri(uri)
-      require "cgi"
+      query = uri.query
+      return unless query && !query.empty?
 
-      return if uri.query.nil?
-      CGI.parse(uri.query).dig("code", 0)
+      query.split("&") do |param|
+        key, value = param.split("=", 2)
+        if value && Gem::URI.decode_www_form_component(key) == "code"
+          return Gem::URI.decode_www_form_component(value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      nil
     end
 
     class SocketResponder
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/install_default_message.rb b/lib/rubygems/install_default_message.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0640eaaf08..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/install_default_message.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative "../rubygems"
-require_relative "user_interaction"
-
-##
-# A post-install hook that displays "Successfully installed
-# some_gem-1.0 as a default gem"
-
-Gem.post_install do |installer|
-  ui = Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui
-  ui.say "Successfully installed #{installer.spec.full_name} as a default gem"
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb b/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb
index 0d0f0dc211..e8859cadaf 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ module Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
       options[:bin_dir] = File.expand_path(value)
     end
 
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", "-j", "--build-jobs VALUE", Integer,
+               "Specify the number of jobs to pass to `make` when installing",
+               "gems with native extensions.",
+               "Defaults to the number of processors.",
+               "This option is ignored on the mswin platform or",
+               "if the MAKEFLAGS environment variable is set.") do |value, options|
+      options[:build_jobs] = value
+    end
+
     add_option(:"Install/Update", "--document [TYPES]", Array,
                "Generate documentation for installed gems",
                "List the documentation types you wish to",
@@ -158,10 +167,9 @@ module Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
       options[:without_groups].concat v.map(&:intern)
     end
 
-    add_option(:"Install/Update", "--default",
+    add_option(:Deprecated, "--default",
                "Add the gem's full specification to",
                "specifications/default and extract only its bin") do |v,_o|
-      options[:install_as_default] = v
     end
 
     add_option(:"Install/Update", "--explain",
@@ -184,6 +192,18 @@ module Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
                 "rbconfig.rb for the deployment target platform") do |v, _o|
       Gem.set_target_rbconfig(v)
     end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", "--[no-]build-extension",
+                "Build native extensions during installation.",
+                "Defaults to true") do |v, _o|
+      options[:build_extension] = v
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", "--[no-]install-plugin",
+                "Install plugins during installation.",
+                "Defaults to true") do |v, _o|
+      options[:install_plugin] = v
+    end
   end
 
   ##
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/installer.rb b/lib/rubygems/installer.rb
index 7f5d913ac4..15d6aac0fd 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/installer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/installer.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 require_relative "installer_uninstaller_utils"
 require_relative "exceptions"
-require_relative "deprecate"
 require_relative "package"
 require_relative "ext"
 require_relative "user_interaction"
@@ -27,8 +26,6 @@ require_relative "user_interaction"
 # file.  See Gem.pre_install and Gem.post_install for details.
 
 class Gem::Installer
-  extend Gem::Deprecate
-
   ##
   # Paths where env(1) might live.  Some systems are broken and have it in
   # /bin
@@ -67,23 +64,6 @@ class Gem::Installer
   attr_reader :package
 
   class << self
-    #
-    # Changes in rubygems to lazily loading `rubygems/command` (in order to
-    # lazily load `optparse` as a side effect) affect bundler's custom installer
-    # which uses `Gem::Command` without requiring it (up until bundler 2.2.29).
-    # This hook is to compensate for that missing require.
-    #
-    # TODO: Remove when rubygems no longer supports running on bundler older
-    # than 2.2.29.
-
-    def inherited(klass)
-      if klass.name == "Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller"
-        require "rubygems/command"
-      end
-
-      super(klass)
-    end
-
     ##
     # Overrides the executable format.
     #
@@ -170,7 +150,7 @@ class Gem::Installer
   #               process. If not set, then Gem::Command.build_args is used
   # :post_install_message:: Print gem post install message if true
 
-  def initialize(package, options={})
+  def initialize(package, options = {})
     require "fileutils"
 
     @options = options
@@ -228,8 +208,7 @@ class Gem::Installer
       ruby_executable = true
       existing = io.read.slice(/
           ^\s*(
-            gem \s |
-            load \s Gem\.bin_path\( |
+            Gem\.activate_and_load_bin_path\( |
             load \s Gem\.activate_bin_path\(
           )
           (['"])(.*?)(\2),
@@ -292,11 +271,7 @@ class Gem::Installer
     run_pre_install_hooks
 
     # Set loaded_from to ensure extension_dir is correct
-    if @options[:install_as_default]
-      spec.loaded_from = default_spec_file
-    else
-      spec.loaded_from = spec_file
-    end
+    spec.loaded_from = spec_file
 
     # Completely remove any previous gem files
     FileUtils.rm_rf gem_dir
@@ -305,32 +280,30 @@ class Gem::Installer
     dir_mode = options[:dir_mode]
     FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir, mode: dir_mode && 0o755
 
-    if @options[:install_as_default]
-      extract_bin
-      write_default_spec
-    else
-      extract_files
+    extract_files
 
-      build_extensions
-      write_build_info_file
-      run_post_build_hooks
-    end
+    build_extensions
+    write_build_info_file
+    run_post_build_hooks
 
     generate_bin
-    generate_plugins
-
-    unless @options[:install_as_default]
-      write_spec
-      write_cache_file
+    if options[:install_plugin] == false
+      remove_stale_plugins
+      warn_skipped_plugins
+    else
+      generate_plugins
     end
 
+    write_spec
+    write_cache_file
+
     File.chmod(dir_mode, gem_dir) if dir_mode
 
     say spec.post_install_message if options[:post_install_message] && !spec.post_install_message.nil?
 
     Gem::Specification.add_spec(spec) unless @install_dir
 
-    load_plugin
+    load_plugin unless options[:install_plugin] == false
 
     run_post_install_hooks
 
@@ -411,15 +384,6 @@ class Gem::Installer
   end
 
   ##
-  # Unpacks the gem into the given directory.
-
-  def unpack(directory)
-    @gem_dir = directory
-    extract_files
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :unpack
-
-  ##
   # The location of the spec file that is installed.
   #
 
@@ -427,12 +391,18 @@ class Gem::Installer
     File.join gem_home, "specifications", "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
   end
 
+  def default_spec_dir
+    dir = File.join(gem_home, "specifications", "default")
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p dir
+    dir
+  end
+
   ##
   # The location of the default spec file for default gems.
   #
 
   def default_spec_file
-    File.join gem_home, "specifications", "default", "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
+    File.join default_spec_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
   end
 
   ##
@@ -670,6 +640,7 @@ class Gem::Installer
     @build_root          = options[:build_root]
 
     @build_args = options[:build_args]
+    @build_jobs = options[:build_jobs]
 
     @gem_home = @install_dir || user_install_dir || Gem.dir
 
@@ -749,54 +720,53 @@ class Gem::Installer
   def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
     # NOTE: that the `load` lines cannot be indented, as old RG versions match
     # against the beginning of the line
-    <<-TEXT
-#{shebang bin_file_name}
-#
-# This file was generated by RubyGems.
-#
-# The application '#{spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and
-# this file is here to facilitate running it.
-#
-
-require 'rubygems'
-#{gemdeps_load(spec.name)}
-version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default_prerelease}"
-
-str = ARGV.first
-if str
-  str = str.b[/\\A_(.*)_\\z/, 1]
-  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
-    #{explicit_version_requirement(spec.name)}
-    ARGV.shift
-  end
-end
+    <<~TEXT
+      #{shebang bin_file_name}
+      #
+      # This file was generated by RubyGems.
+      #
+      # The application '#{spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and
+      # this file is here to facilitate running it.
+      #
+
+      require 'rubygems'
+      #{gemdeps_load(spec.name)}
+      version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default_prerelease}"
+
+      str = ARGV.first
+      if str
+        str = str.b[/\\A_(.*)_\\z/, 1]
+        if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+          #{explicit_version_requirement(spec.name)}
+          ARGV.shift
+        end
+      end
 
-if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
-load Gem.activate_bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
-else
-gem #{spec.name.dump}, version
-load Gem.bin_path(#{spec.name.dump}, #{bin_file_name.dump}, version)
-end
-TEXT
+      if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_and_load_bin_path)
+        Gem.activate_and_load_bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
+      else
+        load Gem.activate_bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
+      end
+    TEXT
   end
 
   def gemdeps_load(name)
     return "" if name == "bundler"
 
-    <<-TEXT
+    <<~TEXT
 
-Gem.use_gemdeps
-TEXT
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
+    TEXT
   end
 
   def explicit_version_requirement(name)
     code = "version = str"
     return code unless name == "bundler"
 
-    code += <<-TEXT
+    code += <<~TEXT
 
-    ENV['BUNDLER_VERSION'] = str
-TEXT
+      ENV['BUNDLER_VERSION'] = str
+    TEXT
   end
 
   ##
@@ -811,9 +781,9 @@ TEXT
 
     if File.exist?(File.join(bindir, ruby_exe))
       # stub & ruby.exe within same folder.  Portable
-      <<-TEXT
-@ECHO OFF
-@"%~dp0#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %*
+      <<~TEXT
+        @ECHO OFF
+        @"%~dp0#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %*
       TEXT
     elsif bindir.downcase.start_with? rb_topdir.downcase
       # stub within ruby folder, but not standard bin.  Portable
@@ -821,16 +791,16 @@ TEXT
       from = Pathname.new bindir
       to   = Pathname.new "#{rb_topdir}/bin"
       rel  = to.relative_path_from from
-      <<-TEXT
-@ECHO OFF
-@"%~dp0#{rel}/#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %*
+      <<~TEXT
+        @ECHO OFF
+        @"%~dp0#{rel}/#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %*
       TEXT
     else
       # outside ruby folder, maybe -user-install or bundler.  Portable, but ruby
       # is dependent on PATH
-      <<-TEXT
-@ECHO OFF
-@#{ruby_exe} "%~dpn0" %*
+      <<~TEXT
+        @ECHO OFF
+        @#{ruby_exe} "%~dpn0" %*
       TEXT
     end
   end
@@ -839,11 +809,37 @@ TEXT
   # configure scripts and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.
 
   def build_extensions
-    builder = Gem::Ext::Builder.new spec, build_args, Gem.target_rbconfig
+    if options[:build_extension] == false
+      warn_skipped_extensions
+      return
+    end
+
+    builder = Gem::Ext::Builder.new spec, build_args, Gem.target_rbconfig, build_jobs
 
     builder.build_extensions
   end
 
+  def warn_skipped_extensions # :nodoc:
+    return if spec.extensions.empty?
+
+    alert_warning "#{spec.full_name} contains native extensions that were not built.\n" \
+                  "To build extensions, run: gem pristine #{spec.name} --extensions"
+  end
+
+  def warn_skipped_plugins # :nodoc:
+    return if spec.plugins.empty?
+
+    alert_warning "#{spec.full_name} contains plugins that were not installed.\n" \
+                  "To install plugins, run: gem pristine #{spec.name} --only-plugins"
+  end
+
+  def remove_stale_plugins # :nodoc:
+    return unless spec.plugins.empty?
+
+    ensure_writable_dir @plugins_dir
+    remove_plugins_for(spec, @plugins_dir)
+  end
+
   ##
   # Reads the file index and extracts each file into the gem directory.
   #
@@ -908,11 +904,7 @@ TEXT
 
     ensure_loadable_spec
 
-    if options[:install_as_default]
-      Gem.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories gem_home
-    else
-      Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories gem_home
-    end
+    Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories gem_home
 
     return true if @force
 
@@ -953,11 +945,8 @@ TEXT
   end
 
   def ensure_writable_dir(dir) # :nodoc:
-    begin
-      Dir.mkdir dir, *[options[:dir_mode] && 0o755].compact
-    rescue SystemCallError
-      raise unless File.directory? dir
-    end
+    require "fileutils"
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p dir, mode: options[:dir_mode] && 0o755
 
     raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(dir) unless File.writable? dir
   end
@@ -984,6 +973,15 @@ TEXT
                     end
   end
 
+  def build_jobs
+    @build_jobs ||= begin
+                      require "etc"
+                      Etc.nprocessors + 1
+                    rescue LoadError
+                      1
+                    end
+  end
+
   def rb_config
     Gem.target_rbconfig
   end
@@ -1023,9 +1021,10 @@ TEXT
     # are loaded at the same time.
     return unless specs.size == 1
 
-    plugin_files = spec.plugins.map do |plugin|
-      File.join(@plugins_dir, "#{spec.name}_plugin#{File.extname(plugin)}")
+    plugin_files = spec.plugins.filter_map do |plugin|
+      path = File.join(@plugins_dir, "#{spec.name}_plugin#{File.extname(plugin)}")
+      path if File.exist?(path)
     end
-    Gem.load_plugin_files(plugin_files)
+    Gem.load_plugin_files(plugin_files) unless plugin_files.empty?
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/name_tuple.rb b/lib/rubygems/name_tuple.rb
index 3f4a6fcf3d..cbdf4d7ac5 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/name_tuple.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/name_tuple.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # wrap the data returned from the indexes.
 
 class Gem::NameTuple
-  def initialize(name, version, platform=Gem::Platform::RUBY)
+  def initialize(name, version, platform = Gem::Platform::RUBY)
     @name = name
     @version = version
 
@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ class Gem::NameTuple
     [@name, @version, @platform]
   end
 
+  alias_method :deconstruct, :to_a
+
+  def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    { name: @name, version: @version, platform: @platform }
+  end
+
   def inspect # :nodoc:
     "#<Gem::NameTuple #{@name}, #{@version}, #{@platform}>"
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/package.rb b/lib/rubygems/package.rb
index c855423ed7..7e41b18f66 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/package.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/package.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 # rubocop:enable Style/AsciiComments
 
+require_relative "win_platform"
 require_relative "security"
 require_relative "user_interaction"
 
@@ -231,7 +232,11 @@ class Gem::Package
 
     tar.add_file_signed "checksums.yaml.gz", 0o444, @signer do |io|
       gzip_to io do |gz_io|
-        Psych.dump checksums_by_algorithm, gz_io
+        if Gem.use_psych?
+          Psych.dump checksums_by_algorithm, gz_io
+        else
+          gz_io.write Gem::YAMLSerializer.dump(checksums_by_algorithm)
+        end
       end
     end
   end
@@ -267,7 +272,7 @@ class Gem::Package
 
       tar.add_file_simple file, stat.mode, stat.size do |dst_io|
         File.open file, "rb" do |src_io|
-          copy_stream(src_io, dst_io)
+          copy_stream(src_io, dst_io, stat.size)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -436,8 +441,6 @@ EOM
           symlinks << [full_name, link_target, destination, real_destination]
         end
 
-        FileUtils.rm_rf destination
-
         mkdir =
           if entry.directory?
             destination
@@ -450,9 +453,20 @@ EOM
           directories << mkdir
         end
 
+        real_mkdir = File.realpath(mkdir)
+        unless real_mkdir == destination_dir || normalize_path(real_mkdir).start_with?(normalize_path(destination_dir + "/"))
+          raise Gem::Package::PathError.new(real_mkdir, destination_dir)
+        end
+
         if entry.file?
-          File.open(destination, "wb") {|out| copy_stream(entry, out) }
-          FileUtils.chmod file_mode(entry.header.mode) & ~File.umask, destination
+          File.open(destination, "wb") do |out|
+            copy_stream(tar.io, out, entry.size)
+            # Flush needs to happen before chmod because there could be data
+            # in the IO buffer that needs to be written, and that could be
+            # written after the chmod (on close) which would mess up the perms
+            out.flush
+            out.chmod file_mode(entry.header.mode) & ~File.umask
+          end
         end
 
         verbose destination
@@ -461,7 +475,7 @@ EOM
 
     symlinks.each do |name, target, destination, real_destination|
       if File.exist?(real_destination)
-        File.symlink(target, destination)
+        create_symlink(target, destination)
       else
         alert_warning "#{@spec.full_name} ships with a dangling symlink named #{name} pointing to missing #{target} file. Ignoring"
       end
@@ -514,10 +528,12 @@ EOM
     destination
   end
 
-  def normalize_path(pathname)
-    if Gem.win_platform?
+  if Gem.win_platform?
+    def normalize_path(pathname) # :nodoc:
       pathname.downcase
-    else
+    end
+  else
+    def normalize_path(pathname) # :nodoc:
       pathname
     end
   end
@@ -525,7 +541,7 @@ EOM
   ##
   # Loads a Gem::Specification from the TarEntry +entry+
 
-  def load_spec(entry) # :nodoc:
+  def load_spec_from_metadata(entry) # :nodoc:
     limit = 10 * 1024 * 1024
     case entry.full_name
     when "metadata" then
@@ -545,6 +561,15 @@ EOM
       tar = Gem::Package::TarReader.new gzio
 
       yield tar
+    ensure
+      # Consume remaining gzip data to prevent the
+      # "attempt to close unfinished zstream; reset forced" warning
+      # when the GzipReader is closed with unconsumed compressed data.
+      begin
+        IO.copy_stream(gzio, IO::NULL)
+      rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error, IOError
+        nil
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -635,6 +660,8 @@ EOM
     raise Gem::Package::FormatError.new e.message, @gem
   end
 
+  private
+
   ##
   # Verifies the +checksums+ against the +digests+.  This check is not
   # cryptographically secure.  Missing checksums are ignored.
@@ -669,12 +696,7 @@ EOM
       digest entry
     end
 
-    case file_name
-    when "metadata", "metadata.gz" then
-      load_spec entry
-    when "data.tar.gz" then
-      verify_gz entry
-    end
+    load_spec_from_metadata entry
   rescue StandardError
     warn "Exception while verifying #{@gem.path}"
     raise
@@ -702,25 +724,13 @@ EOM
     end
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Verifies that +entry+ is a valid gzipped file.
-
-  def verify_gz(entry) # :nodoc:
-    Zlib::GzipReader.wrap entry do |gzio|
-      # TODO: read into a buffer once zlib supports it
-      gzio.read 16_384 until gzio.eof? # gzip checksum verification
-    end
-  rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error => e
-    raise Gem::Package::FormatError.new(e.message, entry.full_name)
-  end
-
   if RUBY_ENGINE == "truffleruby"
-    def copy_stream(src, dst) # :nodoc:
-      dst.write src.read
+    def copy_stream(src, dst, size) # :nodoc:
+      dst.write src.read(size)
     end
   else
-    def copy_stream(src, dst) # :nodoc:
-      IO.copy_stream(src, dst)
+    def copy_stream(src, dst, size) # :nodoc:
+      IO.copy_stream(src, dst, size)
     end
   end
 
@@ -729,6 +739,23 @@ EOM
     raise Gem::Package::FormatError, "#{name} is too big (over #{limit} bytes)" if bytes.size > limit
     bytes
   end
+
+  if Gem.win_platform?
+    # Create a symlink and fallback to copy the file or directory on Windows,
+    # where symlink creation needs special privileges in form of the Developer Mode.
+    # JRuby on Windows raises TypeError from the wincode path-conversion helper
+    # when it cannot create the symlink, so fall back to copy in that case too.
+    def create_symlink(old_name, new_name)
+      File.symlink(old_name, new_name)
+    rescue Errno::EACCES, TypeError
+      from = File.expand_path(old_name, File.dirname(new_name))
+      FileUtils.cp_r(from, new_name)
+    end
+  else
+    def create_symlink(old_name, new_name)
+      File.symlink(old_name, new_name)
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 require_relative "package/digest_io"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_header.rb b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_header.rb
index 0ebcbd789d..dd20d65080 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_header.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_header.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Gem::Package::TarHeader
   ##
   # Pack format for a tar header
 
-  PACK_FORMAT = "a100" + # name
+  PACK_FORMAT = ("a100" + # name
                 "a8"   + # mode
                 "a8"   + # uid
                 "a8"   + # gid
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ class Gem::Package::TarHeader
                 "a32"  + # gname
                 "a8"   + # devmajor
                 "a8"   + # devminor
-                "a155"   # prefix
+                "a155").freeze # prefix
 
   ##
   # Unpack format for a tar header
 
-  UNPACK_FORMAT = "A100" + # name
+  UNPACK_FORMAT = ("A100" + # name
                   "A8"   + # mode
                   "A8"   + # uid
                   "A8"   + # gid
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Gem::Package::TarHeader
                   "A32"  + # gname
                   "A8"   + # devmajor
                   "A8"   + # devminor
-                  "A155"   # prefix
+                  "A155").freeze # prefix
 
   attr_reader(*FIELDS)
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_reader.rb b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_reader.rb
index 25f9b2f945..b66a8a62bc 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_reader.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_reader.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ class Gem::Package::TarReader
     nil
   end
 
+  attr_reader :io # :nodoc:
+
   ##
   # Creates a new tar file reader on +io+ which needs to respond to #pos,
   # #eof?, #read, #getc and #pos=
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb
index b24bdb63e7..39fed9e2af 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb
@@ -95,10 +95,11 @@ class Gem::Package::TarWriter
   end
 
   ##
-  # Adds file +name+ with permissions +mode+, and yields an IO for writing the
-  # file to
+  # Adds file +name+ with permissions +mode+ and mtime +mtime+ (sets
+  # Gem.source_date_epoch if not specified), and yields an IO for
+  # writing the file to
 
-  def add_file(name, mode) # :yields: io
+  def add_file(name, mode, mtime = nil) # :yields: io
     check_closed
 
     name, prefix = split_name name
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ class Gem::Package::TarWriter
 
     header = Gem::Package::TarHeader.new name: name, mode: mode,
                                          size: size, prefix: prefix,
-                                         mtime: Gem.source_date_epoch
+                                         mtime: mtime || Gem.source_date_epoch
 
     @io.write header
     @io.pos = final_pos
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/platform.rb b/lib/rubygems/platform.rb
index 450c214167..367b00e7e1 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/platform.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/platform.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
-
 ##
 # Available list of platforms for targeting Gem installations.
 #
@@ -21,15 +19,6 @@ class Gem::Platform
     end
   end
 
-  def self.match(platform)
-    match_platforms?(platform, Gem.platforms)
-  end
-
-  class << self
-    extend Gem::Deprecate
-    rubygems_deprecate :match, "Gem::Platform.match_spec? or match_gem?"
-  end
-
   def self.match_platforms?(platform, platforms)
     platform = Gem::Platform.new(platform) unless platform.is_a?(Gem::Platform)
     platforms.any? do |local_platform|
@@ -88,56 +77,45 @@ class Gem::Platform
     when Array then
       @cpu, @os, @version = arch
     when String then
-      arch = arch.split "-"
-
-      if arch.length > 2 && !arch.last.match?(/\d+(\.\d+)?$/) # reassemble x86-linux-{libc}
-        extra = arch.pop
-        arch.last << "-#{extra}"
-      end
+      cpu, os = arch.sub(/-+$/, "").split("-", 2)
 
-      cpu = arch.shift
-
-      @cpu = case cpu
-             when /i\d86/ then "x86"
-             else cpu
-      end
-
-      if arch.length == 2 && arch.last.match?(/^\d+(\.\d+)?$/) # for command-line
-        @os, @version = arch
-        return
+      @cpu = if cpu&.match?(/i\d86/)
+        "x86"
+      else
+        cpu
       end
 
-      os, = arch
       if os.nil?
         @cpu = nil
         os = cpu
       end # legacy jruby
 
       @os, @version = case os
-                      when /aix(\d+)?/ then             ["aix",       $1]
-                      when /cygwin/ then                ["cygwin",    nil]
-                      when /darwin(\d+)?/ then          ["darwin",    $1]
-                      when /^macruby$/ then             ["macruby",   nil]
-                      when /freebsd(\d+)?/ then         ["freebsd",   $1]
-                      when /^java$/, /^jruby$/ then     ["java",      nil]
-                      when /^java([\d.]*)/ then         ["java",      $1]
-                      when /^dalvik(\d+)?$/ then        ["dalvik",    $1]
-                      when /^dotnet$/ then              ["dotnet",    nil]
-                      when /^dotnet([\d.]*)/ then       ["dotnet",    $1]
-                      when /linux-?(\w+)?/ then         ["linux",     $1]
-                      when /mingw32/ then               ["mingw32",   nil]
-                      when /mingw-?(\w+)?/ then         ["mingw",     $1]
-                      when /(mswin\d+)(\_(\d+))?/ then
+                      when /aix-?(\d+)?/ then                ["aix",     $1]
+                      when /cygwin/ then                     ["cygwin",  nil]
+                      when /darwin-?(\d+)?/ then             ["darwin",  $1]
+                      when "macruby" then                    ["macruby", nil]
+                      when /^macruby-?(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?/ then ["macruby", $1]
+                      when /freebsd-?(\d+)?/ then            ["freebsd", $1]
+                      when "java", "jruby" then              ["java",    nil]
+                      when /^java-?(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?/ then    ["java",    $1]
+                      when /^dalvik-?(\d+)?$/ then           ["dalvik",  $1]
+                      when /^dotnet$/ then                   ["dotnet",  nil]
+                      when /^dotnet-?(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?/ then  ["dotnet",  $1]
+                      when /linux-?(\w+)?/ then              ["linux",   $1]
+                      when /mingw32/ then                    ["mingw32", nil]
+                      when /mingw-?(\w+)?/ then              ["mingw",   $1]
+                      when /(mswin\d+)(?:[_-](\d+))?/ then
                         os = $1
-                        version = $3
-                        @cpu = "x86" if @cpu.nil? && os =~ /32$/
+                        version = $2
+                        @cpu = "x86" if @cpu.nil? && os.end_with?("32")
                         [os, version]
-                      when /netbsdelf/ then             ["netbsdelf", nil]
-                      when /openbsd(\d+\.\d+)?/ then    ["openbsd",   $1]
-                      when /solaris(\d+\.\d+)?/ then    ["solaris",   $1]
-                      when /wasi/ then                  ["wasi",      nil]
+                      when /netbsdelf/ then                  ["netbsdelf", nil]
+                      when /openbsd-?(\d+\.\d+)?/ then       ["openbsd",   $1]
+                      when /solaris-?(\d+\.\d+)?/ then       ["solaris",   $1]
+                      when /wasi/ then                       ["wasi",      nil]
                       # test
-                      when /^(\w+_platform)(\d+)?/ then [$1,          $2]
+                      when /^(\w+_platform)-?(\d+)?/ then    [$1,          $2]
                       else ["unknown", nil]
       end
     when Gem::Platform then
@@ -154,7 +132,38 @@ class Gem::Platform
   end
 
   def to_s
-    to_a.compact.join "-"
+    to_a.compact.join(@cpu.nil? ? "" : "-")
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Deconstructs the platform into an array for pattern matching.
+  # Returns [cpu, os, version].
+  #
+  #   Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux").deconstruct  #=> ["x86_64", "linux", nil]
+  #
+  # This enables array pattern matching:
+  #
+  #   case Gem::Platform.new("arm64-darwin-21")
+  #   in ["arm64", "darwin", version]
+  #     # version => "21"
+  #   end
+  alias_method :deconstruct, :to_a
+
+  ##
+  # Deconstructs the platform into a hash for pattern matching.
+  # Returns a hash with keys +:cpu+, +:os+, and +:version+.
+  #
+  #   Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-darwin-20").deconstruct_keys(nil)
+  #   #=> { cpu: "x86_64", os: "darwin", version: "20" }
+  #
+  # This enables hash pattern matching:
+  #
+  #   case Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux")
+  #   in cpu: "x86_64", os: "linux"
+  #     # Matches Linux on x86_64
+  #   end
+  def deconstruct_keys(keys)
+    { cpu: @cpu, os: @os, version: @version }
   end
 
   ##
@@ -266,4 +275,118 @@ class Gem::Platform
   # This will be replaced with Gem::Platform::local.
 
   CURRENT = "current"
+
+  JAVA  = Gem::Platform.new("java") # :nodoc:
+  MSWIN = Gem::Platform.new("mswin32") # :nodoc:
+  MSWIN64 = Gem::Platform.new("mswin64") # :nodoc:
+  MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("x86-mingw32") # :nodoc:
+  X64_MINGW_LEGACY = Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw32") # :nodoc:
+  X64_MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("x64-mingw-ucrt") # :nodoc:
+  UNIVERSAL_MINGW = Gem::Platform.new("universal-mingw") # :nodoc:
+  WINDOWS = [MSWIN, MSWIN64, UNIVERSAL_MINGW].freeze # :nodoc:
+  X64_LINUX = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux") # :nodoc:
+  X64_LINUX_MUSL = Gem::Platform.new("x86_64-linux-musl") # :nodoc:
+
+  GENERICS = [JAVA, *WINDOWS].freeze # :nodoc:
+  private_constant :GENERICS
+
+  GENERIC_CACHE = GENERICS.each_with_object({}) {|g, h| h[g] = g } # :nodoc:
+  private_constant :GENERIC_CACHE
+
+  class << self
+    ##
+    # Returns the generic platform for the given platform.
+
+    def generic(platform)
+      return Gem::Platform::RUBY if platform.nil? || platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
+
+      GENERIC_CACHE[platform] ||= begin
+        found = GENERICS.find do |match|
+          platform === match
+        end
+        found || Gem::Platform::RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the platform specificity match for the given spec platform and user platform.
+
+    def platform_specificity_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+      return -1 if spec_platform == user_platform
+      return 1_000_000 if spec_platform.nil? || spec_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY || user_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
+
+      os_match(spec_platform, user_platform) +
+        cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 10 +
+        version_match(spec_platform, user_platform) * 100
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sorts and filters the best platform match for the given matching specs and platform.
+
+    def sort_and_filter_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+      return matching if matching.one?
+
+      exact = matching.select {|spec| spec.platform == platform }
+      return exact if exact.any?
+
+      sorted_matching = sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+      exemplary_spec = sorted_matching.first
+
+      sorted_matching.take_while {|spec| same_specificity?(platform, spec, exemplary_spec) && same_deps?(spec, exemplary_spec) }
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sorts the best platform match for the given matching specs and platform.
+
+    def sort_best_platform_match(matching, platform)
+      matching.sort_by.with_index do |spec, i|
+        [
+          platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform),
+          i, # for stable sort
+        ]
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def same_specificity?(platform, spec, exemplary_spec)
+      platform_specificity_match(spec.platform, platform) == platform_specificity_match(exemplary_spec.platform, platform)
+    end
+
+    def same_deps?(spec, exemplary_spec)
+      spec.required_ruby_version == exemplary_spec.required_ruby_version &&
+        spec.required_rubygems_version == exemplary_spec.required_rubygems_version &&
+        spec.dependencies.sort == exemplary_spec.dependencies.sort
+    end
+
+    def os_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+      if spec_platform.os == user_platform.os
+        0
+      else
+        1
+      end
+    end
+
+    def cpu_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+      if spec_platform.cpu == user_platform.cpu
+        0
+      elsif spec_platform.cpu == "arm" && user_platform.cpu.to_s.start_with?("arm")
+        0
+      elsif spec_platform.cpu.nil? || spec_platform.cpu == "universal"
+        1
+      else
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    def version_match(spec_platform, user_platform)
+      if spec_platform.version == user_platform.version
+        0
+      elsif spec_platform.version.nil?
+        1
+      else
+        2
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/psych_tree.rb b/lib/rubygems/psych_tree.rb
index 24857adb9d..8b4c425a33 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/psych_tree.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/psych_tree.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module Gem
       def register(target, obj)
       end
 
-      # This is ported over from the yaml_tree in 1.9.3
+      # This is ported over from the YAMLTree implementation in Ruby 1.9.3
       def format_time(time)
         if time.utc?
           time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9N Z")
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb b/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb
index 4b5c74e0ea..5b83dc6f6f 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
   # +headers+: A set of additional HTTP headers to be sent to the server when
   #            fetching the gem.
 
-  def initialize(proxy=nil, dns=nil, headers={})
+  def initialize(proxy = nil, dns = nil, headers = {})
     require_relative "core_ext/tcpsocket_init" if Gem.configuration.ipv4_fallback_enabled
     require_relative "vendored_net_http"
     require_relative "vendor/uri/lib/uri"
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
     @proxy = proxy
     @pools = {}
     @pool_lock = Thread::Mutex.new
+    @pool_size = 1
     @cert_files = Gem::Request.get_cert_files
 
     @headers = headers
@@ -110,9 +111,13 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
   # always replaced.
 
   def download(spec, source_uri, install_dir = Gem.dir)
+    gem_file_name = File.basename spec.cache_file
+
     install_cache_dir = File.join install_dir, "cache"
     cache_dir =
-      if Dir.pwd == install_dir # see fetch_command
+      if Gem.configuration.global_gem_cache
+        Gem.global_gem_cache_path
+      elsif Dir.pwd == install_dir # see fetch_command
         install_dir
       elsif File.writable?(install_cache_dir) || (File.writable?(install_dir) && !File.exist?(install_cache_dir))
         install_cache_dir
@@ -120,7 +125,6 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
         File.join Gem.user_dir, "cache"
       end
 
-    gem_file_name = File.basename spec.cache_file
     local_gem_path = File.join cache_dir, gem_file_name
 
     require "fileutils"
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
       end
 
       verbose "Using local gem #{local_gem_path}"
-    when nil then # TODO: test for local overriding cache
+    when nil then
       source_path = if Gem.win_platform? && source_uri.scheme &&
                        !source_uri.path.include?(":")
         "#{source_uri.scheme}:#{source_uri.path}"
@@ -233,7 +237,9 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
 
       fetch_http(location, last_modified, head, depth + 1)
     else
-      raise FetchError.new("bad response #{response.message} #{response.code}", uri)
+      custom_error = response["X-Error-Message"]
+      error_detail = custom_error || response.message
+      raise FetchError.new("Bad response #{error_detail} #{response.code}", uri)
     end
   end
 
@@ -245,11 +251,14 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
   def fetch_path(uri, mtime = nil, head = false)
     uri = Gem::Uri.new uri
 
-    unless uri.scheme
-      raise ArgumentError, "uri scheme is invalid: #{uri.scheme.inspect}"
-    end
+    method = {
+      "http" => "fetch_http",
+      "https" => "fetch_http",
+      "s3" => "fetch_s3",
+      "file" => "fetch_file",
+    }.fetch(uri.scheme) { raise ArgumentError, "uri scheme is invalid: #{uri.scheme.inspect}" }
 
-    data = send "fetch_#{uri.scheme}", uri, mtime, head
+    data = send method, uri, mtime, head
 
     if data && !head && uri.to_s.end_with?(".gz")
       begin
@@ -267,7 +276,7 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
 
   def fetch_s3(uri, mtime = nil, head = false)
     begin
-      public_uri = s3_uri_signer(uri).sign
+      public_uri = s3_uri_signer(uri, head ? "HEAD" : "GET").sign
     rescue Gem::S3URISigner::ConfigurationError, Gem::S3URISigner::InstanceProfileError => e
       raise FetchError.new(e.message, "s3://#{uri.host}")
     end
@@ -275,8 +284,8 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
   end
 
   # we have our own signing code here to avoid a dependency on the aws-sdk gem
-  def s3_uri_signer(uri)
-    Gem::S3URISigner.new(uri)
+  def s3_uri_signer(uri, method)
+    Gem::S3URISigner.new(uri, method)
   end
 
   ##
@@ -335,7 +344,7 @@ class Gem::RemoteFetcher
 
   def pools_for(proxy)
     @pool_lock.synchronize do
-      @pools[proxy] ||= Gem::Request::ConnectionPools.new proxy, @cert_files
+      @pools[proxy] ||= Gem::Request::ConnectionPools.new proxy, @cert_files, @pool_size
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request.rb b/lib/rubygems/request.rb
index 9116785231..e817ee5704 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/request.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/request.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 require_relative "vendored_net_http"
 require_relative "user_interaction"
+require_relative "uri_formatter"
 
 class Gem::Request
   extend Gem::UserInteraction
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request/connection_pools.rb b/lib/rubygems/request/connection_pools.rb
index 6c1b04ab65..01e7e0629a 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/request/connection_pools.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/request/connection_pools.rb
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ class Gem::Request::ConnectionPools # :nodoc:
     attr_accessor :client
   end
 
-  def initialize(proxy_uri, cert_files)
+  def initialize(proxy_uri, cert_files, pool_size = 1)
     @proxy_uri  = proxy_uri
     @cert_files = cert_files
     @pools      = {}
     @pool_mutex = Thread::Mutex.new
+    @pool_size  = pool_size
   end
 
   def pool_for(uri)
@@ -20,9 +21,9 @@ class Gem::Request::ConnectionPools # :nodoc:
     @pool_mutex.synchronize do
       @pools[key] ||=
         if https? uri
-          Gem::Request::HTTPSPool.new(http_args, @cert_files, @proxy_uri)
+          Gem::Request::HTTPSPool.new(http_args, @cert_files, @proxy_uri, @pool_size)
         else
-          Gem::Request::HTTPPool.new(http_args, @cert_files, @proxy_uri)
+          Gem::Request::HTTPPool.new(http_args, @cert_files, @proxy_uri, @pool_size)
         end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb b/lib/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb
index 52543de41f..468502ca6b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 class Gem::Request::HTTPPool # :nodoc:
   attr_reader :cert_files, :proxy_uri
 
-  def initialize(http_args, cert_files, proxy_uri)
+  def initialize(http_args, cert_files, proxy_uri, pool_size)
     @http_args  = http_args
     @cert_files = cert_files
     @proxy_uri  = proxy_uri
-    @queue      = Thread::SizedQueue.new 1
-    @queue << nil
+    @pool_size  = pool_size
+
+    @queue      = Thread::SizedQueue.new @pool_size
+    setup_queue
   end
 
   def checkout
@@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ class Gem::Request::HTTPPool # :nodoc:
         connection.finish
       end
     end
-    @queue.push(nil)
+
+    setup_queue
   end
 
   private
@@ -44,4 +47,8 @@ class Gem::Request::HTTPPool # :nodoc:
     connection.start
     connection
   end
+
+  def setup_queue
+    @pool_size.times { @queue.push(nil) }
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request_set.rb b/lib/rubygems/request_set.rb
index 875df7e019..eb8b4658f3 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/request_set.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/request_set.rb
@@ -181,13 +181,10 @@ class Gem::RequestSet
 
     # Install requested gems after they have been downloaded
     sorted_requests.each do |req|
-      if req.installed?
-        req.spec.spec.build_extensions
-
-        if @always_install.none? {|spec| spec == req.spec.spec }
-          yield req, nil if block_given?
-          next
-        end
+      if req.installed? && @always_install.none? {|spec| spec == req.spec.spec }
+        req.spec.spec.build_extensions unless options[:build_extension] == false
+        yield req, nil if block_given?
+        next
       end
 
       spec =
@@ -237,10 +234,6 @@ class Gem::RequestSet
       sorted_requests.each do |spec|
         puts "  #{spec.full_name}"
       end
-
-      if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
-        @resolver.stats.display
-      end
     else
       installed = install options, &block
 
@@ -325,11 +318,8 @@ class Gem::RequestSet
     @git_set.root_dir = @install_dir
 
     lock_file = "#{File.expand_path(path)}.lock"
-    begin
-      tokenizer = Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::Tokenizer.from_file lock_file
-      parser = tokenizer.make_parser self, []
-      parser.parse
-    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+    if File.exist?(lock_file)
+      load_lockfile lock_file
     end
 
     gf = Gem::RequestSet::GemDependencyAPI.new self, path
@@ -338,6 +328,63 @@ class Gem::RequestSet
     gf.load
   end
 
+  def load_lockfile(lock_file) # :nodoc:
+    require "bundler"
+    require "bundler/lockfile_parser"
+
+    # Bundler::Source::Path resolves relative `remote:` paths against
+    # Bundler.root, which raises when there is no Gemfile in the working
+    # directory. Anchor it to the lockfile's directory so PATH sections in a
+    # `gem install -g` lockfile can be parsed without a Bundler environment.
+    previous_root = Bundler.instance_variable_get(:@root)
+    Bundler.instance_variable_set(:@root, Pathname.new(File.expand_path(File.dirname(lock_file))))
+
+    parser = Bundler::LockfileParser.new(File.read(lock_file), lockfile_path: lock_file)
+
+    parser.specs.group_by(&:source).each do |source, specs|
+      case source
+      when Bundler::Source::Rubygems
+        remotes = source.remotes.map {|remote| Gem::Source.new(remote.to_s) }
+        remotes << Gem::Source.new(Gem::DEFAULT_HOST) if remotes.empty?
+        lock_set = Gem::Resolver::LockSet.new(remotes)
+        specs.each do |spec|
+          added = lock_set.add(spec.name, spec.version.to_s, spec.platform)
+          spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+            added.each {|s| s.add_dependency dep }
+          end
+        end
+        @sets << lock_set
+      when Bundler::Source::Git
+        git_set = Gem::Resolver::GitSet.new
+        git_set.root_dir = @install_dir
+        specs.each do |spec|
+          git_spec = git_set.add_git_spec(
+            spec.name,
+            spec.version.to_s,
+            source.uri.to_s,
+            source.revision,
+            source.submodules || false
+          )
+          spec.dependencies.each {|dep| git_spec.add_dependency dep }
+        end
+        @sets << git_set
+      when Bundler::Source::Path
+        vendor_set = Gem::Resolver::VendorSet.new
+        specs.each do |spec|
+          loaded = vendor_set.add_vendor_gem(spec.name, source.path.to_s)
+          spec.dependencies.each {|dep| loaded.dependencies << dep }
+        end
+        @sets << vendor_set
+      end
+    end
+
+    parser.dependencies.each_value do |dep|
+      gem dep.name, *dep.requirement.as_list
+    end
+  ensure
+    Bundler.instance_variable_set(:@root, previous_root) if defined?(previous_root)
+  end
+
   def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
     q.group 2, "[RequestSet:", "]" do
       q.breakable
@@ -465,4 +512,3 @@ end
 
 require_relative "request_set/gem_dependency_api"
 require_relative "request_set/lockfile"
-require_relative "request_set/lockfile/tokenizer"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile.rb b/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile.rb
index c446b3ae51..8b9c9690d6 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile
   end
 
   ##
-  # Creates a new Lockfile for the given +request_set+ and +gem_deps_file+
+  # Creates a new Lockfile for the given Gem::RequestSet and +gem_deps_file+
   # location.
 
   def self.build(request_set, gem_deps_file, dependencies = nil)
@@ -231,5 +231,3 @@ class Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile
     @set.sorted_requests
   end
 end
-
-require_relative "lockfile/tokenizer"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/parser.rb b/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/parser.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e751a1445e..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/parser.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,344 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-class Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::Parser
-  ###
-  # Parses lockfiles
-
-  def initialize(tokenizer, set, platforms, filename = nil)
-    @tokens    = tokenizer
-    @filename  = filename
-    @set       = set
-    @platforms = platforms
-  end
-
-  def parse
-    until @tokens.empty? do
-      token = get
-
-      case token.type
-      when :section then
-        @tokens.skip :newline
-
-        case token.value
-        when "DEPENDENCIES" then
-          parse_DEPENDENCIES
-        when "GIT" then
-          parse_GIT
-        when "GEM" then
-          parse_GEM
-        when "PATH" then
-          parse_PATH
-        when "PLATFORMS" then
-          parse_PLATFORMS
-        else
-          token = get until @tokens.empty? || peek.first == :section
-        end
-      else
-        raise "BUG: unhandled token #{token.type} (#{token.value.inspect}) at line #{token.line} column #{token.column}"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Gets the next token for a Lockfile
-
-  def get(expected_types = nil, expected_value = nil) # :nodoc:
-    token = @tokens.shift
-
-    if expected_types && !Array(expected_types).include?(token.type)
-      unget token
-
-      message = "unexpected token [#{token.type.inspect}, #{token.value.inspect}], " \
-                "expected #{expected_types.inspect}"
-
-      raise Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::ParseError.new message, token.column, token.line, @filename
-    end
-
-    if expected_value && expected_value != token.value
-      unget token
-
-      message = "unexpected token [#{token.type.inspect}, #{token.value.inspect}], " \
-                "expected [#{expected_types.inspect}, " \
-                "#{expected_value.inspect}]"
-
-      raise Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::ParseError.new message, token.column, token.line, @filename
-    end
-
-    token
-  end
-
-  def parse_DEPENDENCIES # :nodoc:
-    while !@tokens.empty? && peek.type == :text do
-      token = get :text
-
-      requirements = []
-
-      case peek[0]
-      when :bang then
-        get :bang
-
-        requirements << pinned_requirement(token.value)
-      when :l_paren then
-        get :l_paren
-
-        loop do
-          op      = get(:requirement).value
-          version = get(:text).value
-
-          requirements << "#{op} #{version}"
-
-          break unless peek.type == :comma
-
-          get :comma
-        end
-
-        get :r_paren
-
-        if peek[0] == :bang
-          requirements.clear
-          requirements << pinned_requirement(token.value)
-
-          get :bang
-        end
-      end
-
-      @set.gem token.value, *requirements
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-  end
-
-  def parse_GEM # :nodoc:
-    sources = []
-
-    while peek.first(2) == [:entry, "remote"] do
-      get :entry, "remote"
-      data = get(:text).value
-      skip :newline
-
-      sources << Gem::Source.new(data)
-    end
-
-    sources << Gem::Source.new(Gem::DEFAULT_HOST) if sources.empty?
-
-    get :entry, "specs"
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    set = Gem::Resolver::LockSet.new sources
-    last_specs = nil
-
-    while !@tokens.empty? && peek.type == :text do
-      token = get :text
-      name = token.value
-      column = token.column
-
-      case peek[0]
-      when :newline then
-        last_specs.each do |spec|
-          spec.add_dependency Gem::Dependency.new name if column == 6
-        end
-      when :l_paren then
-        get :l_paren
-
-        token = get [:text, :requirement]
-        type = token.type
-        data = token.value
-
-        if type == :text && column == 4
-          version, platform = data.split "-", 2
-
-          platform =
-            platform ? Gem::Platform.new(platform) : Gem::Platform::RUBY
-
-          last_specs = set.add name, version, platform
-        else
-          dependency = parse_dependency name, data
-
-          last_specs.each do |spec|
-            spec.add_dependency dependency
-          end
-        end
-
-        get :r_paren
-      else
-        raise "BUG: unknown token #{peek}"
-      end
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-
-    @set.sets << set
-  end
-
-  def parse_GIT # :nodoc:
-    get :entry, "remote"
-    repository = get(:text).value
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    get :entry, "revision"
-    revision = get(:text).value
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    type = peek.type
-    value = peek.value
-    if type == :entry && %w[branch ref tag].include?(value)
-      get
-      get :text
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-
-    get :entry, "specs"
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    set = Gem::Resolver::GitSet.new
-    set.root_dir = @set.install_dir
-
-    last_spec = nil
-
-    while !@tokens.empty? && peek.type == :text do
-      token = get :text
-      name = token.value
-      column = token.column
-
-      case peek[0]
-      when :newline then
-        last_spec.add_dependency Gem::Dependency.new name if column == 6
-      when :l_paren then
-        get :l_paren
-
-        token = get [:text, :requirement]
-        type = token.type
-        data = token.value
-
-        if type == :text && column == 4
-          last_spec = set.add_git_spec name, data, repository, revision, true
-        else
-          dependency = parse_dependency name, data
-
-          last_spec.add_dependency dependency
-        end
-
-        get :r_paren
-      else
-        raise "BUG: unknown token #{peek}"
-      end
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-
-    @set.sets << set
-  end
-
-  def parse_PATH # :nodoc:
-    get :entry, "remote"
-    directory = get(:text).value
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    get :entry, "specs"
-
-    skip :newline
-
-    set = Gem::Resolver::VendorSet.new
-    last_spec = nil
-
-    while !@tokens.empty? && peek.first == :text do
-      token = get :text
-      name = token.value
-      column = token.column
-
-      case peek[0]
-      when :newline then
-        last_spec.add_dependency Gem::Dependency.new name if column == 6
-      when :l_paren then
-        get :l_paren
-
-        token = get [:text, :requirement]
-        type = token.type
-        data = token.value
-
-        if type == :text && column == 4
-          last_spec = set.add_vendor_gem name, directory
-        else
-          dependency = parse_dependency name, data
-
-          last_spec.dependencies << dependency
-        end
-
-        get :r_paren
-      else
-        raise "BUG: unknown token #{peek}"
-      end
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-
-    @set.sets << set
-  end
-
-  def parse_PLATFORMS # :nodoc:
-    while !@tokens.empty? && peek.first == :text do
-      name = get(:text).value
-
-      @platforms << name
-
-      skip :newline
-    end
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Parses the requirements following the dependency +name+ and the +op+ for
-  # the first token of the requirements and returns a Gem::Dependency object.
-
-  def parse_dependency(name, op) # :nodoc:
-    return Gem::Dependency.new name, op unless peek[0] == :text
-
-    version = get(:text).value
-
-    requirements = ["#{op} #{version}"]
-
-    while peek.type == :comma do
-      get :comma
-      op      = get(:requirement).value
-      version = get(:text).value
-
-      requirements << "#{op} #{version}"
-    end
-
-    Gem::Dependency.new name, requirements
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def skip(type) # :nodoc:
-    @tokens.skip type
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Peeks at the next token for Lockfile
-
-  def peek # :nodoc:
-    @tokens.peek
-  end
-
-  def pinned_requirement(name) # :nodoc:
-    requirement = Gem::Dependency.new name
-    specification = @set.sets.flat_map do |set|
-      set.find_all(requirement)
-    end.compact.first
-
-    specification&.version
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Ungets the last token retrieved by #get
-
-  def unget(token) # :nodoc:
-    @tokens.unshift token
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/tokenizer.rb b/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/tokenizer.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 65cef3baa0..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/request_set/lockfile/tokenizer.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# ) frozen_string_literal: true
-require_relative "parser"
-
-class Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::Tokenizer
-  Token = Struct.new :type, :value, :column, :line
-  EOF   = Token.new :EOF
-
-  def self.from_file(file)
-    new File.read(file), file
-  end
-
-  def initialize(input, filename = nil, line = 0, pos = 0)
-    @line     = line
-    @line_pos = pos
-    @tokens   = []
-    @filename = filename
-    tokenize input
-  end
-
-  def make_parser(set, platforms)
-    Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::Parser.new self, set, platforms, @filename
-  end
-
-  def to_a
-    @tokens.map {|token| [token.type, token.value, token.column, token.line] }
-  end
-
-  def skip(type)
-    @tokens.shift while !@tokens.empty? && peek.type == type
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Calculates the column (by byte) and the line of the current token based on
-  # +byte_offset+.
-
-  def token_pos(byte_offset) # :nodoc:
-    [byte_offset - @line_pos, @line]
-  end
-
-  def empty?
-    @tokens.empty?
-  end
-
-  def unshift(token)
-    @tokens.unshift token
-  end
-
-  def next_token
-    @tokens.shift
-  end
-  alias_method :shift, :next_token
-
-  def peek
-    @tokens.first || EOF
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def tokenize(input)
-    require "strscan"
-    s = StringScanner.new input
-
-    until s.eos? do
-      pos = s.pos
-
-      pos = s.pos if leading_whitespace = s.scan(/ +/)
-
-      if s.scan(/[<|=>]{7}/)
-        message = "your #{@filename} contains merge conflict markers"
-        column, line = token_pos pos
-
-        raise Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile::ParseError.new message, column, line, @filename
-      end
-
-      @tokens <<
-        if s.scan(/\r?\n/)
-
-          token = Token.new(:newline, nil, *token_pos(pos))
-          @line_pos = s.pos
-          @line += 1
-          token
-        elsif s.scan(/[A-Z]+/)
-
-          if leading_whitespace
-            text = s.matched
-            text += s.scan(/[^\s)]*/).to_s # in case of no match
-            Token.new(:text, text, *token_pos(pos))
-          else
-            Token.new(:section, s.matched, *token_pos(pos))
-          end
-        elsif s.scan(/([a-z]+):\s/)
-
-          s.pos -= 1 # rewind for possible newline
-          Token.new(:entry, s[1], *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/\(/)
-
-          Token.new(:l_paren, nil, *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/\)/)
-
-          Token.new(:r_paren, nil, *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/<=|>=|=|~>|<|>|!=/)
-
-          Token.new(:requirement, s.matched, *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/,/)
-
-          Token.new(:comma, nil, *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/!/)
-
-          Token.new(:bang, nil, *token_pos(pos))
-        elsif s.scan(/[^\s),!]*/)
-
-          Token.new(:text, s.matched, *token_pos(pos))
-        else
-          raise "BUG: can't create token for: #{s.string[s.pos..-1].inspect}"
-        end
-    end
-
-    @tokens
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver.rb
index 35d83abd2d..788206c056 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 require_relative "dependency"
 require_relative "exceptions"
-require_relative "util/list"
 
 ##
 # Given a set of Gem::Dependency objects as +needed+ and a way to query the
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ require_relative "util/list"
 # all the requirements.
 
 class Gem::Resolver
-  require_relative "vendored_molinillo"
+  require_relative "vendored_pub_grub"
 
   ##
   # If the DEBUG_RESOLVER environment variable is set then debugging mode is
@@ -36,11 +35,6 @@ class Gem::Resolver
   attr_accessor :ignore_dependencies
 
   ##
-  # List of dependencies that could not be found in the configured sources.
-
-  attr_reader :stats
-
-  ##
   # Hash of gems to skip resolution.  Keyed by gem name, with arrays of
   # gem specifications as values.
 
@@ -105,219 +99,449 @@ class Gem::Resolver
     @ignore_dependencies = false
     @skip_gems           = {}
     @soft_missing        = false
-    @stats               = Gem::Resolver::Stats.new
-  end
 
-  def explain(stage, *data) # :nodoc:
-    return unless DEBUG_RESOLVER
+    @root_package = RootPackage.new
+    @root_version = Gem::PubGrub::Package.root_version
+
+    @packages = {}
 
-    d = data.map(&:pretty_inspect).join(", ")
-    $stderr.printf "%10s %s\n", stage.to_s.upcase, d
+    @unfiltered_specs = Hash.new {|h, name| h[name] = find_unfiltered_specs_for(name) }
+    @all_specs = Hash.new {|h, name| h[name] = filter_specs(@unfiltered_specs[name]) }
+    @all_versions = Hash.new {|h, pkg| h[pkg] = @all_specs[pkg.to_s].map(&:version).uniq.sort }
+    @sorted_versions = Hash.new do |h, pkg|
+      h[pkg] = Gem::PubGrub::Package.root?(pkg) ? [@root_version] : @all_versions[pkg]
+    end
+    @cached_dependencies = Hash.new do |h, pkg|
+      h[pkg] = if Gem::PubGrub::Package.root?(pkg)
+        { @root_version => root_dependencies }
+      else
+        Hash.new {|v, ver| v[ver] = compute_dependencies(pkg, ver) }
+      end
+    end
+    @version_to_index = Hash.new {|h, pkg| h[pkg] = @sorted_versions[pkg].each_with_index.to_h }
+    @versions_for_cache = Hash.new {|h, pkg| h[pkg] = {} }
+    @spec_for_cache = Hash.new {|h, name| h[name] = build_spec_for_cache(name) }
   end
 
-  def explain_list(stage) # :nodoc:
-    return unless DEBUG_RESOLVER
+  ##
+  # Proceed with resolution! Returns an array of ActivationRequest objects.
+
+  def resolve
+    # Pre-check: raise UnsatisfiableDependencyError for root deps with no
+    # platform match. We filter by platform ONLY here (not required_ruby_version
+    # / required_rubygems_version): a foreign-platform gem is genuinely "not
+    # found", but a gem that exists yet is incompatible with the running Ruby
+    # should flow through the solver to a DependencyResolutionError that names
+    # the Ruby requirement. That matches Bundler (which models Ruby as a
+    # synthetic dependency, so this surfaces as a solve failure) and gives a
+    # clearer message than the platform-oriented UnsatisfiableDependencyError.
+    @needed.each do |dep|
+      next if @soft_missing
+      dep_request = DependencyRequest.new(dep, nil)
+      all = @set.find_all(dep_request)
+      matching = select_local_platforms(all)
+
+      next unless matching.empty?
+
+      exc = Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError.new(dep_request, all)
+      exc.errors = @set.errors
+      raise exc
+    end
 
-    data = yield
-    $stderr.printf "%10s (%d entries)\n", stage.to_s.upcase, data.size
-    unless data.empty?
-      require "pp"
-      PP.pp data, $stderr
+    solver = Gem::PubGrub::VersionSolver.new(
+      source: self,
+      root: @root_package,
+      strategy: Gem::Resolver::Strategy.new(self),
+      logger: make_logger
+    )
+    result = solver.solve
+
+    # Convert to Array<ActivationRequest>
+    needed_by_name = @needed.group_by(&:name)
+    result.filter_map do |package, version|
+      next if Gem::PubGrub::Package.root?(package)
+      spec = spec_for(package.to_s, version)
+      dep = needed_by_name[package.to_s]&.first || Gem::Dependency.new(package.to_s)
+      dep_request = DependencyRequest.new(dep, nil)
+      ActivationRequest.new(spec, dep_request)
+    end
+  rescue Gem::PubGrub::SolveFailure => e
+    extended = extract_extended_explanation(e.incompatibility)
+    if extended
+      message = "#{e.explanation}\n\n#{extended}"
+      raise Gem::DependencyResolutionError, Struct.new(:explanation).new(message)
+    else
+      raise Gem::DependencyResolutionError, e
     end
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Creates an ActivationRequest for the given +dep+ and the last +possible+
-  # specification.
-  #
-  # Returns the Specification and the ActivationRequest
+  # PubGrub source interface methods
+
+  def all_versions_for(package)
+    versions = @sorted_versions[package].reverse # highest first
+    name = package.to_s
+
+    if (skip_dep_gems = skip_gems[name]) && !skip_dep_gems.empty?
+      # Conservative mode: float the already-installed (skip) versions to the
+      # front so the solver prefers them. This sets *preference* only (it feeds
+      # the strategy's version-index map); it does not restrict availability, so
+      # every version stays selectable via versions_for. When an installed
+      # version is made impossible by a downstream conflict, the solver
+      # backtracks to a newer version instead of failing. Molinillo instead
+      # hard-restricted the candidate set to skip versions and raised.
+      #
+      # This reaches the same outcome as Bundler (upgrade-over-raise) for the
+      # common single-blocked-gem case, though the mechanism differs: Bundler
+      # hard-pins locked gems and selectively unlocks + re-solves on conflict,
+      # whereas we float as a preference and let PubGrub backtrack in one solve.
+      # The float can therefore over-upgrade when several installed gems are
+      # jointly involved in a conflict; that outcome-level divergence is
+      # accepted (see test_conservative_upgrades_when_installed_blocked).
+      skip_versions = skip_dep_gems.map(&:version)
+      preferred, rest = versions.partition {|v| skip_versions.include?(v) }
+      preferred + rest
+    else
+      # Prefer already-installed versions to avoid unnecessary upgrades
+      installed_versions = @all_specs[name].
+        select {|s| s.is_a?(Gem::Resolver::InstalledSpecification) }.
+        map(&:version)
+      if installed_versions.any?
+        preferred, rest = versions.partition {|v| installed_versions.include?(v) }
+        preferred + rest
+      else
+        versions
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def versions_for(package, range = Gem::PubGrub::VersionRange.any)
+    @versions_for_cache[package][range] ||= begin
+      candidates = range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
+
+      if Gem::PubGrub::Package.root?(package) ||
+         (@set.respond_to?(:prerelease) && @set.prerelease) ||
+         range_admits_prerelease?(range)
+        candidates
+      elsif @all_versions[package].any? {|v| !v.prerelease? }
+        candidates.reject(&:prerelease?)
+      else
+        # Only prereleases exist for this gem; fall back to them so
+        # dependencies like `>= 1.0` can still be satisfied.
+        candidates
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
-  def activation_request(dep, possible) # :nodoc:
-    spec = possible.pop
+  def no_versions_incompatibility_for(_package, unsatisfied_term)
+    cause = Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::NoVersions.new(unsatisfied_term)
 
-    explain :activate, [spec.full_name, possible.size]
-    explain :possible, possible
+    name = unsatisfied_term.package.to_s
+    constraint = unsatisfied_term.constraint
+    extended_explanation = build_extended_explanation(name, constraint)
 
-    activation_request =
-      Gem::Resolver::ActivationRequest.new spec, dep, possible
+    custom_explanation = if extended_explanation
+      "#{constraint} could not be found in any repository"
+    end
 
-    [spec, activation_request]
+    Gem::Resolver::Incompatibility.new(
+      [unsatisfied_term],
+      cause: cause,
+      custom_explanation: custom_explanation,
+      extended_explanation: extended_explanation
+    )
   end
 
-  def requests(s, act, reqs=[]) # :nodoc:
-    return reqs if @ignore_dependencies
+  def incompatibilities_for(package, version)
+    package_deps = @cached_dependencies[package]
+    sorted_versions = @sorted_versions[package]
+    package_deps[version].filter_map do |dep_package_name, dep_constraint|
+      dep_package = dep_constraint.package
 
-    s.fetch_development_dependencies if @development
+      low = high = @version_to_index[package][version]
 
-    s.dependencies.reverse_each do |d|
-      next if d.type == :development && !@development
-      next if d.type == :development && @development_shallow &&
-              act.development?
-      next if d.type == :development && @development_shallow &&
-              act.parent
+      # find version low such that all >= low share the same dep
+      while low > 0 &&
+            package_deps[sorted_versions[low - 1]][dep_package_name] == dep_constraint
+        low -= 1
+      end
+      low =
+        if low == 0
+          nil
+        else
+          sorted_versions[low]
+        end
+
+      # find version high such that all < high share the same dep
+      while high < sorted_versions.length &&
+            package_deps[sorted_versions[high]][dep_package_name] == dep_constraint
+        high += 1
+      end
+      high =
+        if high == sorted_versions.length
+          nil
+        else
+          sorted_versions[high]
+        end
+
+      range = Gem::PubGrub::VersionRange.new(min: low, max: high, include_min: !low.nil?)
+      self_constraint = Gem::PubGrub::VersionConstraint.new(package, range: range)
+
+      # No specs anywhere means an unknown package. Check @unfiltered_specs, not
+      # the filtered set, so a dep filtered out by platform/Ruby/prerelease falls
+      # through to NoVersions for proper hints instead. The band-scoped
+      # self_constraint lets clean sibling versions still resolve via backtracking.
+      if @unfiltered_specs[dep_package_name].empty?
+        cause = Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::InvalidDependency.new(dep_package, dep_constraint)
+        self_term = Gem::PubGrub::Term.new(self_constraint, true)
+        # PubGrub's default InvalidDependency rendering drops the version
+        # requirement ("depends on unknown package bar"). Supply a custom
+        # explanation so the missing dependency's constraint is preserved
+        # ("depends on bar = 0.5 which could not be found in any repository"),
+        # matching Molinillo's diagnostics.
+        return [Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility.new(
+          [self_term],
+          cause: cause,
+          custom_explanation: "#{self_term.to_s(allow_every: true)} depends on #{dep_constraint} which could not be found in any repository"
+        )]
+      end
 
-      reqs << Gem::Resolver::DependencyRequest.new(d, act)
-      @stats.requirement!
+      # An empty range means the requirement is self-contradictory (e.g. `> 2, < 1`).
+      if dep_constraint.range.empty?
+        return [Gem::Resolver::Incompatibility.new(
+          [Gem::PubGrub::Term.new(self_constraint, true)],
+          cause: Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::NoVersions.new(dep_constraint),
+          custom_explanation: "#{dep_package_name} cannot satisfy contradictory requirements #{dep_constraint.constraint_string}"
+        )]
+      end
+
+      Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility.new(
+        [Gem::PubGrub::Term.new(self_constraint, true), Gem::PubGrub::Term.new(dep_constraint, false)],
+        cause: :dependency
+      )
     end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns the gems in +specs+ that match the local platform.
 
-    @set.prefetch reqs
+  def select_local_platforms(specs) # :nodoc:
+    specs.select do |spec|
+      Gem::Platform.installable? spec
+    end
+  end
 
-    @stats.record_requirements reqs
+  private
 
-    reqs
+  def package_for(name)
+    @packages[name] ||= Gem::PubGrub::Package.new(name)
   end
 
-  include Gem::Molinillo::UI
+  def root_dependencies
+    deps = {}
+    @needed.each do |dep|
+      constraint = Gem::PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_constraint(package_for(dep.name), dep.requirement)
+      deps[dep.name] = deps.key?(dep.name) ? deps[dep.name].intersect(constraint) : constraint
+    end
+    deps
+  end
 
-  def output
-    @output ||= debug? ? $stdout : File.open(IO::NULL, "w")
+  # Only the min bound is inspected: `~>` synthesises a max like `X.A`
+  # whose suffix looks prerelease to Gem::Version but is not the user's
+  # intent, so checking max would mis-admit prereleases for every `~>`.
+  def range_admits_prerelease?(range)
+    range.ranges.any? do |r|
+      next false if r.empty?
+      r.min&.prerelease?
+    end
   end
 
-  def debug?
-    DEBUG_RESOLVER
+  def find_unfiltered_specs_for(name)
+    dep = Gem::Dependency.new(name, ">= 0.a")
+    dep_request = DependencyRequest.new(dep, nil)
+    @set.find_all(dep_request)
   end
 
-  include Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider
+  def filter_specs(specs)
+    filtered = select_local_platforms(specs)
 
-  ##
-  # Proceed with resolution! Returns an array of ActivationRequest objects.
+    unless @soft_missing
+      filtered = filtered.select do |s|
+        s.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.ruby_version) &&
+          s.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.rubygems_version)
+      rescue StandardError
+        true
+      end
+    end
 
-  def resolve
-    Gem::Molinillo::Resolver.new(self, self).resolve(@needed.map {|d| DependencyRequest.new d, nil }).tsort.filter_map(&:payload)
-  rescue Gem::Molinillo::VersionConflict => e
-    conflict = e.conflicts.values.first
-    raise Gem::DependencyResolutionError, Conflict.new(conflict.requirement_trees.first.first, conflict.existing, conflict.requirement)
-  ensure
-    @output.close if defined?(@output) && !debug?
+    filtered
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Extracts the specifications that may be able to fulfill +dependency+ and
-  # returns those that match the local platform and all those that match.
+  def spec_for(name, version)
+    @spec_for_cache[name][version]
+  end
 
-  def find_possible(dependency) # :nodoc:
-    all = @set.find_all dependency
+  def build_spec_for_cache(name)
+    # Rank sources by the order they were first supplied so that, when multiple
+    # sources offer the same version and platform, the earlier source wins.
+    source_rank = {}
+    @all_specs[name].each do |s|
+      source_rank[s.source] ||= source_rank.size
+    end
 
-    if (skip_dep_gems = skip_gems[dependency.name]) && !skip_dep_gems.empty?
-      matching = all.select do |api_spec|
-        skip_dep_gems.any? {|s| api_spec.version == s.version }
-      end
+    @all_specs[name].group_by(&:version).transform_values do |candidates|
+      next candidates.first if candidates.length == 1
+
+      # Prefer already-installed specs to avoid unnecessary downloads
+      installed = candidates.select {|s| s.is_a?(Gem::Resolver::InstalledSpecification) }
+      next installed.first if installed.length == 1
+      candidates = installed if installed.any?
 
-      all = matching unless matching.empty?
+      # Among remaining candidates, prefer the most specific platform, then the
+      # earlier-supplied source.
+      candidates.min_by do |s|
+        [Gem::Platform.platform_specificity_match(s.platform, Gem::Platform.local),
+         source_rank[s.source]]
+      end
     end
+  end
 
-    matching_platform = select_local_platforms all
+  def compute_dependencies(package, version)
+    spec = spec_for(package.to_s, version)
+    return {} unless spec
+    return {} if @ignore_dependencies
 
-    [matching_platform, all]
-  end
+    spec.fetch_development_dependencies if @development && spec.respond_to?(:fetch_development_dependencies)
 
-  ##
-  # Returns the gems in +specs+ that match the local platform.
+    deps = {}
+    root_names = @needed.map(&:name)
 
-  def select_local_platforms(specs) # :nodoc:
-    specs.select do |spec|
-      Gem::Platform.installable? spec
+    spec.dependencies.each do |d|
+      next if d.name == package.to_s
+      next if d.type == :development && !@development
+      next if d.type == :development && @development_shallow && !root_names.include?(package.to_s)
+
+      dep_package = package_for(d.name)
+
+      # In force mode, skip deps that can't be satisfied - either no
+      # specs at all, or no specs matching the version requirement.
+      if @soft_missing
+        dep_specs = @all_specs[d.name]
+        matching = dep_specs.select {|s| d.requirement.satisfied_by?(s.version) }
+        next if matching.empty?
+      end
+
+      deps[d.name] = Gem::PubGrub::RubyGems.requirement_to_constraint(dep_package, d.requirement)
     end
+
+    deps
   end
 
-  def search_for(dependency)
-    possibles, all = find_possible(dependency)
-    if !@soft_missing && possibles.empty?
-      exc = Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError.new dependency, all
-      exc.errors = @set.errors
-      raise exc
-    end
+  def build_extended_explanation(name, constraint)
+    unfiltered = @unfiltered_specs[name]
+    return if unfiltered.empty?
+
+    filtered = @all_specs[name]
+    pkg = package_for(name)
 
-    groups = Hash.new {|hash, key| hash[key] = [] }
+    # A prerelease hint applies when the source would strip prereleases for
+    # this constraint (global prerelease flag off and the constraint's range
+    # doesn't itself reach into prerelease territory) AND a prerelease of
+    # the gem exists somewhere.
+    prerelease_gated = !(@set.respond_to?(:prerelease) && @set.prerelease) &&
+                       !range_admits_prerelease?(constraint.range)
+    has_prerelease_candidate = prerelease_gated &&
+                               @all_versions[pkg].any?(&:prerelease?)
 
-    # create groups & sources in the same loop
-    sources = possibles.map do |spec|
-      source = spec.source
-      groups[source] << spec
-      source
-    end.uniq.reverse
+    return if filtered.length == unfiltered.length && !has_prerelease_candidate
 
-    activation_requests = []
+    hints = []
 
-    sources.each do |source|
-      groups[source].
-        sort_by {|spec| [spec.version, spec.platform =~ Gem::Platform.local ? 1 : 0] }. # rubocop:disable Performance/RegexpMatch
-        map {|spec| ActivationRequest.new spec, dependency }.
-        each {|activation_request| activation_requests << activation_request }
+    # Check for specs that exist for other platforms
+    platform_specs = unfiltered.select do |s|
+      !Gem::Platform.installable?(s) && constraint.range.include?(s.version)
+    end
+    if platform_specs.any?
+      label = "#{name} (#{constraint.constraint_string})"
+      hints << "The source contains the following gems matching '#{label}':"
+      platform_specs.each do |s|
+        actual = s.respond_to?(:spec) ? s.spec : s
+        hints << "  * #{actual.full_name}"
+      end
     end
 
-    activation_requests
-  end
+    # Check for specs filtered by Ruby version
+    installable = select_local_platforms(unfiltered)
+    ruby_specs = installable.select do |s|
+      actual = s.respond_to?(:spec) ? s.spec : s
+      constraint.range.include?(s.version) &&
+        !actual.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.ruby_version)
+    rescue StandardError
+      false
+    end
+    if ruby_specs.any?
+      versions = ruby_specs.map(&:version).uniq.sort.reverse.first(3)
+      sample = ruby_specs.find {|s| s.version == versions.first }
+      actual = sample.respond_to?(:spec) ? sample.spec : sample
+      ruby_req = actual.required_ruby_version
+      hints << "#{name} #{versions.join(", ")} requires Ruby #{ruby_req} (you have #{Gem.ruby_version})"
+    end
+
+    # Check for specs filtered by prerelease status
+    if prerelease_gated
+      prerelease_versions = @all_versions[pkg].select(&:prerelease?)
+      if prerelease_versions.any?
+        versions = prerelease_versions.sort.reverse.first(3) # limit to avoid cluttering error output
+        hints << "#{name} #{versions.join(", ")} are pre-release versions. Use --prerelease to allow pre-release gems."
+      end
+    end
 
-  def dependencies_for(specification)
-    return [] if @ignore_dependencies
-    spec = specification.spec
-    requests(spec, specification)
+    hints.empty? ? nil : hints.join("\n")
   end
 
-  def requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, spec)
-    matches_spec = requirement.matches_spec? spec
-    return matches_spec if @soft_missing
+  def extract_extended_explanation(incompatibility)
+    while incompatibility.cause.is_a?(Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::ConflictCause)
+      cause = incompatibility.cause
 
-    matches_spec &&
-      spec.spec.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.ruby_version) &&
-      spec.spec.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem.rubygems_version)
-  end
+      [cause.conflict, cause.other].each do |incompat|
+        if incompat.cause.is_a?(Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::NoVersions) &&
+           incompat.respond_to?(:extended_explanation) &&
+           incompat.extended_explanation
+          return incompat.extended_explanation
+        end
+      end
+
+      incompatibility = cause.conflict
+    end
 
-  def name_for(dependency)
-    dependency.name
+    nil
   end
 
-  def allow_missing?(dependency)
-    @soft_missing
+  def make_logger
+    DEBUG_RESOLVER ? Gem::PubGrub::StderrLogger.new : Gem::PubGrub::NullLogger.new
   end
 
-  def sort_dependencies(dependencies, activated, conflicts)
-    dependencies.sort_by.with_index do |dependency, i|
-      name = name_for(dependency)
-      [
-        activated.vertex_named(name).payload ? 0 : 1,
-        amount_constrained(dependency),
-        conflicts[name] ? 0 : 1,
-        activated.vertex_named(name).payload ? 0 : search_for(dependency).count,
-        i, # for stable sort
-      ]
+  # Custom root package so error messages say "your request depends on..."
+  # instead of PubGrub's default "root depends on...".
+  class RootPackage < Gem::PubGrub::Package
+    def initialize
+      super(:root)
     end
-  end
 
-  SINGLE_POSSIBILITY_CONSTRAINT_PENALTY = 1_000_000
-  private_constant :SINGLE_POSSIBILITY_CONSTRAINT_PENALTY if defined?(private_constant)
+    def root?
+      true
+    end
 
-  # returns an integer \in (-\infty, 0]
-  # a number closer to 0 means the dependency is less constraining
-  #
-  # dependencies w/ 0 or 1 possibilities (ignoring version requirements)
-  # are given very negative values, so they _always_ sort first,
-  # before dependencies that are unconstrained
-  def amount_constrained(dependency)
-    @amount_constrained ||= {}
-    @amount_constrained[dependency.name] ||= begin
-      name_dependency = Gem::Dependency.new(dependency.name)
-      dependency_request_for_name = Gem::Resolver::DependencyRequest.new(name_dependency, dependency.requester)
-      all = @set.find_all(dependency_request_for_name).size
-
-      if all <= 1
-        all - SINGLE_POSSIBILITY_CONSTRAINT_PENALTY
-      else
-        search = search_for(dependency).size
-        search - all
-      end
+    def to_s
+      "your request"
     end
   end
-  private :amount_constrained
 end
 
 require_relative "resolver/activation_request"
-require_relative "resolver/conflict"
 require_relative "resolver/dependency_request"
+require_relative "resolver/incompatibility"
+require_relative "resolver/strategy"
 require_relative "resolver/requirement_list"
-require_relative "resolver/stats"
-
 require_relative "resolver/set"
 require_relative "resolver/api_set"
 require_relative "resolver/composed_set"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set.rb
index 9f6695a6a9..3f443519d8 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 ##
-# The global rubygems pool, available via the rubygems.org API.
+# The global rubygems pool, available via the Compact Index API.
 # Returns instances of APISpecification.
 
 class Gem::Resolver::APISet < Gem::Resolver::Set
   autoload :GemParser, File.expand_path("api_set/gem_parser", __dir__)
 
   ##
-  # The URI for the dependency API this APISet uses.
+  # The URI for the Compact Index API this APISet uses.
 
   attr_reader :dep_uri # :nodoc:
 
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class Gem::Resolver::APISet < Gem::Resolver::Set
   attr_reader :uri
 
   ##
-  # Creates a new APISet that will retrieve gems from +uri+ using the RubyGems
-  # API URL +dep_uri+ which is described at
-  # https://guides.rubygems.org/rubygems-org-api
+  # Creates a new APISet that will retrieve gems from +uri+ using the Compact
+  # Index API URL +dep_uri+ which is described at
+  # https://guides.rubygems.org/rubygems-org-compact-index-api
 
   def initialize(dep_uri = "https://index.rubygems.org/info/")
     super()
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set/gem_parser.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set/gem_parser.rb
index 643b857107..4d827f4980 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set/gem_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_set/gem_parser.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class Gem::Resolver::APISet::GemParser
-  EMPTY_ARRAY = [].freeze
-  private_constant :EMPTY_ARRAY
-
   def parse(line)
     version_and_platform, rest = line.split(" ", 2)
     version, platform = version_and_platform.split("-", 2)
     dependencies, requirements = rest.split("|", 2).map! {|s| s.split(",") } if rest
-    dependencies = dependencies ? dependencies.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : EMPTY_ARRAY
-    requirements = requirements ? requirements.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : EMPTY_ARRAY
+    dependencies = dependencies ? dependencies.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : []
+    requirements = requirements ? requirements.map! {|d| parse_dependency(d) } : []
     [version, platform, dependencies, requirements]
   end
 
   private
 
   def parse_dependency(string)
-    dependency = string.split(":")
+    dependency = string.split(":", 2)
     dependency[-1] = dependency[-1].split("&") if dependency.size > 1
     dependency[0] = -dependency[0]
     dependency
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_specification.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_specification.rb
index a14bcbfeb1..ccfd6fe084 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/api_specification.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 ##
-# Represents a specification retrieved via the rubygems.org API.
+# Represents a specification retrieved via the Compact Index API.
 #
 # This is used to avoid loading the full Specification object when all we need
 # is the name, version, and dependencies.
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ class Gem::Resolver::APISpecification < Gem::Resolver::Specification
   end
 
   ##
-  # Creates an APISpecification for the given +set+ from the rubygems.org
+  # Creates an APISpecification for the given +set+ from the Compact Index API
   # +api_data+.
   #
-  # See https://guides.rubygems.org/rubygems-org-api/#misc-methods for the
+  # See https://guides.rubygems.org/rubygems-org-compact-index-api for the
   # format of the +api_data+.
 
   def initialize(set, api_data)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb
index e2307f6e02..e647a2c11b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Gem::Resolver::BestSet < Gem::Resolver::ComposedSet
 
   def pick_sets # :nodoc:
     @sources.each_source do |source|
-      @sets << source.dependency_resolver_set
+      @sets << source.dependency_resolver_set(@prerelease)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/conflict.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/conflict.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 367a36b43d..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/conflict.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-##
-# Used internally to indicate that a dependency conflicted
-# with a spec that would be activated.
-
-class Gem::Resolver::Conflict
-  ##
-  # The specification that was activated prior to the conflict
-
-  attr_reader :activated
-
-  ##
-  # The dependency that is in conflict with the activated gem.
-
-  attr_reader :dependency
-
-  attr_reader :failed_dep # :nodoc:
-
-  ##
-  # Creates a new resolver conflict when +dependency+ is in conflict with an
-  # already +activated+ specification.
-
-  def initialize(dependency, activated, failed_dep=dependency)
-    @dependency = dependency
-    @activated = activated
-    @failed_dep = failed_dep
-  end
-
-  def ==(other) # :nodoc:
-    self.class === other &&
-      @dependency == other.dependency &&
-      @activated  == other.activated  &&
-      @failed_dep == other.failed_dep
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # A string explanation of the conflict.
-
-  def explain
-    "<Conflict wanted: #{@failed_dep}, had: #{activated.spec.full_name}>"
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Return the 2 dependency objects that conflicted
-
-  def conflicting_dependencies
-    [@failed_dep.dependency, @activated.request.dependency]
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Explanation of the conflict used by exceptions to print useful messages
-
-  def explanation
-    activated   = @activated.spec.full_name
-    dependency  = @failed_dep.dependency
-    requirement = dependency.requirement
-    alternates  = dependency.matching_specs.map(&:full_name)
-
-    unless alternates.empty?
-      matching = <<-MATCHING.chomp
-
-  Gems matching %s:
-    %s
-      MATCHING
-
-      matching = format(matching, dependency, alternates.join(", "))
-    end
-
-    explanation = <<-EXPLANATION
-  Activated %s
-  which does not match conflicting dependency (%s)
-
-  Conflicting dependency chains:
-    %s
-
-  versus:
-    %s
-%s
-    EXPLANATION
-
-    format(explanation, activated, requirement, request_path(@activated).reverse.join(", depends on\n    "), request_path(@failed_dep).reverse.join(", depends on\n    "), matching)
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Returns true if the conflicting dependency's name matches +spec+.
-
-  def for_spec?(spec)
-    @dependency.name == spec.name
-  end
-
-  def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
-    q.group 2, "[Dependency conflict: ", "]" do
-      q.breakable
-
-      q.text "activated "
-      q.pp @activated
-
-      q.breakable
-      q.text " dependency "
-      q.pp @dependency
-
-      q.breakable
-      if @dependency == @failed_dep
-        q.text " failed"
-      else
-        q.text " failed dependency "
-        q.pp @failed_dep
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Path of activations from the +current+ list.
-
-  def request_path(current)
-    path = []
-
-    while current do
-      case current
-      when Gem::Resolver::ActivationRequest then
-        path <<
-          "#{current.request.dependency}, #{current.spec.version} activated"
-
-        current = current.parent
-      when Gem::Resolver::DependencyRequest then
-        path << current.dependency.to_s
-
-        current = current.requester
-      else
-        raise Gem::Exception, "[BUG] unknown request class #{current.class}"
-      end
-    end
-
-    path = ["user request (gem command or Gemfile)"] if path.empty?
-
-    path
-  end
-
-  ##
-  # Return the Specification that listed the dependency
-
-  def requester
-    @failed_dep.requester
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/incompatibility.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/incompatibility.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57a60affb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/incompatibility.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Gem::Resolver::Incompatibility < Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility
+  attr_reader :extended_explanation
+
+  def initialize(terms, cause:, custom_explanation: nil, extended_explanation: nil)
+    @extended_explanation = extended_explanation
+    super(terms, cause: cause, custom_explanation: custom_explanation)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb
index d9fe36c589..42ce0890e2 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class Gem::Resolver::InstallerSet < Gem::Resolver::Set
       res.concat matching_local
 
       begin
-        if local_spec = @local_source.find_gem(name, dep.requirement)
+        @local_source.find_all_gems(name, dep.requirement).each do |local_spec|
           res << Gem::Resolver::IndexSpecification.new(
             self, local_spec.name, local_spec.version,
             @local_source, local_spec.platform
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/source_set.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/source_set.rb
index 296cf41078..074b473edc 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/source_set.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/source_set.rb
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ class Gem::Resolver::SourceSet < Gem::Resolver::Set
 
   def get_set(name)
     link = @links[name]
-    @sets[link] ||= Gem::Source.new(link).dependency_resolver_set if link
+    @sets[link] ||= Gem::Source.new(link).dependency_resolver_set(@prerelease) if link
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/stats.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/stats.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9920976b2a..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/resolver/stats.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-class Gem::Resolver::Stats
-  def initialize
-    @max_depth = 0
-    @max_requirements = 0
-    @requirements = 0
-    @backtracking = 0
-    @iterations = 0
-  end
-
-  def record_depth(stack)
-    if stack.size > @max_depth
-      @max_depth = stack.size
-    end
-  end
-
-  def record_requirements(reqs)
-    if reqs.size > @max_requirements
-      @max_requirements = reqs.size
-    end
-  end
-
-  def requirement!
-    @requirements += 1
-  end
-
-  def backtracking!
-    @backtracking += 1
-  end
-
-  def iteration!
-    @iterations += 1
-  end
-
-  PATTERN = "%20s: %d\n"
-
-  def display
-    $stdout.puts "=== Resolver Statistics ==="
-    $stdout.printf PATTERN, "Max Depth", @max_depth
-    $stdout.printf PATTERN, "Total Requirements", @requirements
-    $stdout.printf PATTERN, "Max Requirements", @max_requirements
-    $stdout.printf PATTERN, "Backtracking #", @backtracking
-    $stdout.printf PATTERN, "Iteration #", @iterations
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/resolver/strategy.rb b/lib/rubygems/resolver/strategy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf0dbb6adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/resolver/strategy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Custom PubGrub strategy with caching for version selection.
+# Modeled after Bundler's strategy to avoid redundant versions_for
+# calls during the solver's package selection loop.
+
+class Gem::Resolver::Strategy
+  def initialize(source)
+    @source = source
+    @package_priority_cache = Hash.new {|h, pkg| h[pkg] = {} }
+
+    @version_indexes = Hash.new do |h, k|
+      if Gem::PubGrub::Package.root?(k)
+        h[k] = { Gem::PubGrub::Package.root_version => 0 }
+      else
+        h[k] = @source.all_versions_for(k).each.with_index.to_h
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def next_package_and_version(unsatisfied)
+    package, range = next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+    [package, most_preferred_version_of(package, range)]
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def most_preferred_version_of(package, range)
+    versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+    indexes = @version_indexes[package]
+    versions.min_by {|version| indexes[version] || Float::INFINITY }
+  end
+
+  def next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+    unsatisfied.min_by do |package, range|
+      @package_priority_cache[package][range] ||= begin
+        matching_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+        higher_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range.upper_invert)
+
+        [matching_versions.count <= 1 ? 0 : 1, higher_versions.count]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/s3_uri_signer.rb b/lib/rubygems/s3_uri_signer.rb
index 7c95a9d4f5..148cba38c4 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/s3_uri_signer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/s3_uri_signer.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "openssl"
+require_relative "user_interaction"
 
 ##
 # S3URISigner implements AWS SigV4 for S3 Source to avoid a dependency on the aws-sdk-* gems
 # More on AWS SigV4: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sig-v4-authenticating-requests.html
 class Gem::S3URISigner
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
   class ConfigurationError < Gem::Exception
     def initialize(message)
       super message
@@ -27,9 +30,11 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
   end
 
   attr_accessor :uri
+  attr_accessor :method
 
-  def initialize(uri)
+  def initialize(uri, method)
     @uri = uri
+    @method = method
   end
 
   ##
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
     s3_config = fetch_s3_config
 
     current_time = Time.now.utc
-    date_time = current_time.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%m%SZ")
+    date_time = current_time.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
     date = date_time[0,8]
 
     credential_info = "#{date}/#{s3_config.region}/s3/aws4_request"
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
 
   def generate_canonical_request(canonical_host, query_params)
     [
-      "GET",
+      method.upcase,
       uri.path,
       query_params,
       "host:#{canonical_host}",
@@ -145,17 +150,40 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
     require_relative "request/connection_pools"
     require "json"
 
-    iam_info = ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_INFO)
+    # First try V2 fallback to V1
+    res = nil
+    begin
+      res = ec2_metadata_credentials_imds_v2
+    rescue InstanceProfileError
+      alert_warning "Unable to access ec2 credentials via IMDSv2, falling back to IMDSv1"
+      res = ec2_metadata_credentials_imds_v1
+    end
+    res
+  end
+
+  def ec2_metadata_credentials_imds_v2
+    token = ec2_metadata_token
+    iam_info = ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_INFO, token:)
     # Expected format: arn:aws:iam::<id>:instance-profile/<role_name>
     role_name = iam_info["InstanceProfileArn"].split("/").last
-    ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_SECURITY_CREDENTIALS + role_name)
+    ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_SECURITY_CREDENTIALS + role_name, token:)
   end
 
-  def ec2_metadata_request(url)
-    uri = Gem::URI(url)
-    @request_pool ||= create_request_pool(uri)
-    request = Gem::Request.new(uri, Gem::Net::HTTP::Get, nil, @request_pool)
-    response = request.fetch
+  def ec2_metadata_credentials_imds_v1
+    iam_info = ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_INFO, token: nil)
+    # Expected format: arn:aws:iam::<id>:instance-profile/<role_name>
+    role_name = iam_info["InstanceProfileArn"].split("/").last
+    ec2_metadata_request(EC2_IAM_SECURITY_CREDENTIALS + role_name, token: nil)
+  end
+
+  def ec2_metadata_request(url, token:)
+    request = ec2_iam_request(Gem::URI(url), Gem::Net::HTTP::Get)
+
+    response = request.fetch do |req|
+      if token
+        req.add_field "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token", token
+      end
+    end
 
     case response
     when Gem::Net::HTTPOK then
@@ -165,6 +193,26 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
     end
   end
 
+  def ec2_metadata_token
+    request = ec2_iam_request(Gem::URI(EC2_IAM_TOKEN), Gem::Net::HTTP::Put)
+
+    response = request.fetch do |req|
+      req.add_field "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds", 60
+    end
+
+    case response
+    when Gem::Net::HTTPOK then
+      response.body
+    else
+      raise InstanceProfileError.new("Unable to fetch AWS metadata from #{uri}: #{response.message} #{response.code}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ec2_iam_request(uri, verb)
+    @request_pool ||= create_request_pool(uri)
+    Gem::Request.new(uri, verb, nil, @request_pool)
+  end
+
   def create_request_pool(uri)
     proxy_uri = Gem::Request.proxy_uri(Gem::Request.get_proxy_from_env(uri.scheme))
     certs = Gem::Request.get_cert_files
@@ -172,6 +220,7 @@ class Gem::S3URISigner
   end
 
   BASE64_URI_TRANSLATE = { "+" => "%2B", "/" => "%2F", "=" => "%3D", "\n" => "" }.freeze
+  EC2_IAM_TOKEN = "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token"
   EC2_IAM_INFO = "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info"
   EC2_IAM_SECURITY_CREDENTIALS = "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/"
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/safe_marshal.rb b/lib/rubygems/safe_marshal.rb
index b81d1a0a47..871f24727d 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/safe_marshal.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/safe_marshal.rb
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ module Gem
       "Gem::NameTuple" => %w[@name @version @platform],
       "Gem::Platform" => %w[@os @cpu @version],
       "Psych::PrivateType" => %w[@value @type_id],
+      "YAML::PrivateType" => %w[@value @type_id],
     }.freeze
     private_constant :PERMITTED_IVARS
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/safe_yaml.rb b/lib/rubygems/safe_yaml.rb
index 6a02a48230..f4bba00136 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/safe_yaml.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/safe_yaml.rb
@@ -35,11 +35,21 @@ module Gem
     end
 
     def self.safe_load(input)
-      ::Psych.safe_load(input, permitted_classes: PERMITTED_CLASSES, permitted_symbols: PERMITTED_SYMBOLS, aliases: @aliases_enabled)
+      if Gem.use_psych?
+        ::Psych.safe_load(input, permitted_classes: PERMITTED_CLASSES,
+                                 permitted_symbols: PERMITTED_SYMBOLS, aliases: @aliases_enabled)
+      else
+        Gem::YAMLSerializer.load(
+          input,
+          permitted_classes: PERMITTED_CLASSES,
+          permitted_symbols: PERMITTED_SYMBOLS,
+          aliases: aliases_enabled?
+        )
+      end
     end
 
-    def self.load(input)
-      ::Psych.safe_load(input, permitted_classes: [::Symbol])
+    class << self
+      alias_method :load, :safe_load
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb b/lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb
index 7b86ac5763..128958ab80 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class Gem::Security::Policy
   end
 
   ##
-  # Ensures the root of +chain+ has a trusted certificate in +trust_dir+ and
+  # Ensures the root of +chain+ has a trusted certificate in Gem::Security.trust_dir and
   # the digests of the two certificates match according to +digester+
 
   def check_trust(chain, digester, trust_dir)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/security/signer.rb b/lib/rubygems/security/signer.rb
index 5732fb57fd..eeeeb52906 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/security/signer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/security/signer.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class Gem::Security::Signer
     re_signed_cert = Gem::Security.re_sign(
       expired_cert,
       private_key,
-      (Gem::Security::ONE_DAY * Gem.configuration.cert_expiration_length_days)
+      Gem::Security::ONE_DAY * Gem.configuration.cert_expiration_length_days
     )
 
     Gem::Security.write(re_signed_cert, expired_cert_path)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/shellwords.rb b/lib/rubygems/shellwords.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 741dccb363..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/shellwords.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-autoload :Shellwords, "shellwords"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source.rb b/lib/rubygems/source.rb
index bee5681dab..86717e3e71 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/source.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require_relative "text"
 # A Source knows how to list and fetch gems from a RubyGems marshal index.
 #
 # There are other Source subclasses for installed gems, local gems, the
-# bundler dependency API and so-forth.
+# Compact Index API and so-forth.
 
 class Gem::Source
   include Comparable
@@ -67,28 +67,11 @@ class Gem::Source
 
   ##
   # Returns a Set that can fetch specifications from this source.
-
-  def dependency_resolver_set # :nodoc:
-    return Gem::Resolver::IndexSet.new self if uri.scheme == "file"
-
-    fetch_uri = if uri.host == "rubygems.org"
-      index_uri = uri.dup
-      index_uri.host = "index.rubygems.org"
-      index_uri
-    else
-      uri
-    end
-
-    bundler_api_uri = enforce_trailing_slash(fetch_uri) + "versions"
-
-    begin
-      fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
-      response = fetcher.fetch_path bundler_api_uri, nil, true
-    rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError
-      Gem::Resolver::IndexSet.new self
-    else
-      Gem::Resolver::APISet.new response.uri + "./info/"
-    end
+  #
+  # The set will optionally fetch prereleases if requested.
+  #
+  def dependency_resolver_set(prerelease = false)
+    new_dependency_resolver_set.tap {|set| set.prerelease = prerelease }
   end
 
   def hash # :nodoc:
@@ -119,7 +102,7 @@ class Gem::Source
   end
 
   ##
-  # Fetches a specification for the given +name_tuple+.
+  # Fetches a specification for the given Gem::NameTuple.
 
   def fetch_spec(name_tuple)
     fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
@@ -207,7 +190,7 @@ class Gem::Source
   # Downloads +spec+ and writes it to +dir+.  See also
   # Gem::RemoteFetcher#download.
 
-  def download(spec, dir=Dir.pwd)
+  def download(spec, dir = Dir.pwd)
     fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
     fetcher.download spec, uri.to_s, dir
   end
@@ -227,13 +210,36 @@ class Gem::Source
     end
   end
 
-  def typo_squatting?(host, distance_threshold=4)
+  def typo_squatting?(host, distance_threshold = 4)
     return if @uri.host.nil?
     levenshtein_distance(@uri.host, host).between? 1, distance_threshold
   end
 
   private
 
+  def new_dependency_resolver_set
+    return Gem::Resolver::IndexSet.new self if uri.scheme == "file"
+
+    fetch_uri = if uri.host == "rubygems.org"
+      index_uri = uri.dup
+      index_uri.host = "index.rubygems.org"
+      index_uri
+    else
+      uri
+    end
+
+    bundler_api_uri = enforce_trailing_slash(fetch_uri) + "versions"
+
+    begin
+      fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
+      response = fetcher.fetch_path bundler_api_uri, nil, true
+    rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError
+      Gem::Resolver::IndexSet.new self
+    else
+      Gem::Resolver::APISet.new response.uri + "./info/"
+    end
+  end
+
   def enforce_trailing_slash(uri)
     uri.merge(uri.path.gsub(%r{/+$}, "") + "/")
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source/local.rb b/lib/rubygems/source/local.rb
index ba6eea1f9a..4bef31a265 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/source/local.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source/local.rb
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ class Gem::Source::Local < Gem::Source
   end
 
   def find_gem(gem_name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, prerelease = false) # :nodoc:
+    find_all_gems(gem_name, version, prerelease).max_by(&:version)
+  end
+
+  def find_all_gems(gem_name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, prerelease = false) # :nodoc:
     load_specs :complete
 
     found = []
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ class Gem::Source::Local < Gem::Source
       end
     end
 
-    found.max_by(&:version)
+    found
   end
 
   def fetch_spec(name) # :nodoc:
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source_list.rb b/lib/rubygems/source_list.rb
index 33db64fbc1..19bf4595c4 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/source_list.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source_list.rb
@@ -60,6 +60,42 @@ class Gem::SourceList
   end
 
   ##
+  # Prepends +obj+ to the beginning of the source list which may be a Gem::Source, Gem::URI or URI
+  # Moves +obj+ to the beginning of the list if already present.
+  # String.
+
+  def prepend(obj)
+    src = case obj
+          when Gem::Source
+            obj
+          else
+            Gem::Source.new(obj)
+    end
+
+    @sources.delete(src) if @sources.include?(src)
+    @sources.unshift(src)
+    src
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Appends +obj+ to the end of the source list, moving it if already present.
+  # +obj+ may be a Gem::Source, Gem::URI or URI String.
+  # Moves +obj+ to the end of the list if already present.
+
+  def append(obj)
+    src = case obj
+          when Gem::Source
+            obj
+          else
+            Gem::Source.new(obj)
+    end
+
+    @sources.delete(src) if @sources.include?(src)
+    @sources << src
+    src
+  end
+
+  ##
   # Replaces this SourceList with the sources in +other+  See #<< for
   # acceptable items in +other+.
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb b/lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb
index 285f117b39..835dedf948 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class Gem::SpecFetcher
   #
   # If +matching_platform+ is false, gems for all platforms are returned.
 
-  def search_for_dependency(dependency, matching_platform=true)
+  def search_for_dependency(dependency, matching_platform = true)
     found = {}
 
     rejected_specs = {}
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class Gem::SpecFetcher
   ##
   # Return all gem name tuples who's names match +obj+
 
-  def detect(type=:complete)
+  def detect(type = :complete)
     tuples = []
 
     list, _ = available_specs(type)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class Gem::SpecFetcher
   #
   # If +matching_platform+ is false, gems for all platforms are returned.
 
-  def spec_for_dependency(dependency, matching_platform=true)
+  def spec_for_dependency(dependency, matching_platform = true)
     tuples, errors = search_for_dependency(dependency, matching_platform)
 
     specs = []
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class Gem::SpecFetcher
   # Retrieves NameTuples from +source+ of the given +type+ (:prerelease,
   # etc.).  If +gracefully_ignore+ is true, errors are ignored.
 
-  def tuples_for(source, type, gracefully_ignore=false) # :nodoc:
+  def tuples_for(source, type, gracefully_ignore = false) # :nodoc:
     @caches[type][source.uri] ||=
       source.load_specs(type).sort_by(&:name)
   rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/specification.rb b/lib/rubygems/specification.rb
index 121b72f90a..51729d755b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/specification.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/specification.rb
@@ -7,12 +7,10 @@
 # See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
 #++
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
 require_relative "basic_specification"
 require_relative "stub_specification"
 require_relative "platform"
 require_relative "specification_record"
-require_relative "util/list"
 
 require "rbconfig"
 
@@ -36,10 +34,17 @@ require "rbconfig"
 # Starting in RubyGems 2.0, a Specification can hold arbitrary
 # metadata.  See #metadata for restrictions on the format and size of metadata
 # items you may add to a specification.
+#
+# Specifications must be deterministic, as in the example above. For instance,
+# you cannot define attributes conditionally:
+#
+#   # INVALID: do not do this.
+#   unless RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
+#     s.extensions << "ext/example/extconf.rb"
+#   end
+#
 
 class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
-  extend Gem::Deprecate
-
   # REFACTOR: Consider breaking out this version stuff into a separate
   # module. There's enough special stuff around it that it may justify
   # a separate class.
@@ -488,8 +493,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
     end
 
     @platform = @new_platform.to_s
-
-    invalidate_memoized_attributes
   end
 
   ##
@@ -738,14 +741,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   attr_accessor :autorequire # :nodoc:
 
   ##
-  # Sets the default executable for this gem.
-  #
-  # Deprecated: You must now specify the executable name to  Gem.bin_path.
-
-  attr_writer :default_executable
-  rubygems_deprecate :default_executable=
-
-  ##
   # Allows deinstallation of gems with legacy platforms.
 
   attr_writer :original_platform # :nodoc:
@@ -974,6 +969,15 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
 
   ##
   # Return the best specification that contains the file matching +path+
+  # amongst the specs that are not loaded. This method is different than
+  # +find_inactive_by_path+ as it will filter out loaded specs by their name.
+
+  def self.find_unloaded_by_path(path)
+    specification_record.find_unloaded_by_path(path)
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Return the best specification that contains the file matching +path+
   # amongst the specs that are not activated.
 
   def self.find_inactive_by_path(path)
@@ -1002,7 +1006,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   def self.find_in_unresolved_tree(path)
     unresolved_specs.each do |spec|
       spec.traverse do |_from_spec, _dep, to_spec, trail|
-        if to_spec.has_conflicts? || to_spec.conficts_when_loaded_with?(trail)
+        if to_spec.has_conflicts? || to_spec.conflicts_when_loaded_with?(trail)
           :next
         else
           return trail.reverse if to_spec.contains_requirable_file? path
@@ -1271,7 +1275,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
       raise unless message.include?("YAML::")
 
       unless Object.const_defined?(:YAML)
-        Object.const_set "YAML", Psych
+        Object.const_set "YAML", Module.new
         yaml_set = true
       end
 
@@ -1280,7 +1284,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
 
         YAML::Syck.const_set "DefaultKey", Class.new if message.include?("YAML::Syck::DefaultKey") && !YAML::Syck.const_defined?(:DefaultKey)
       elsif message.include?("YAML::PrivateType") && !YAML.const_defined?(:PrivateType)
-        YAML.const_set "PrivateType", Class.new
+        YAML.const_set "PrivateType", Class.new { attr_accessor :type_id, :value }
       end
 
       retry_count += 1
@@ -1321,7 +1325,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
     spec.instance_variable_set :@authors,                   array[12]
     spec.instance_variable_set :@description,               array[13]
     spec.instance_variable_set :@homepage,                  array[14]
-    spec.instance_variable_set :@has_rdoc,                  array[15]
+    # offset due to has_rdoc removal
     spec.instance_variable_set :@licenses,                  array[17]
     spec.instance_variable_set :@metadata,                  array[18]
     spec.instance_variable_set :@loaded,                    false
@@ -1620,14 +1624,14 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   # spec's cached gem.
 
   def cache_dir
-    @cache_dir ||= File.join base_dir, "cache"
+    File.join base_dir, "cache"
   end
 
   ##
   # Returns the full path to the cached gem for this spec.
 
   def cache_file
-    @cache_file ||= File.join cache_dir, "#{full_name}.gem"
+    File.join cache_dir, "#{full_name}.gem"
   end
 
   ##
@@ -1649,7 +1653,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   ##
   # return true if there will be conflict when spec if loaded together with the list of specs.
 
-  def conficts_when_loaded_with?(list_of_specs) # :nodoc:
+  def conflicts_when_loaded_with?(list_of_specs) # :nodoc:
     result = list_of_specs.any? do |spec|
       spec.runtime_dependencies.any? {|dep| (dep.name == name) && !satisfies_requirement?(dep) }
     end
@@ -1717,24 +1721,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   end
 
   ##
-  # The default executable for this gem.
-  #
-  # Deprecated: The name of the gem is assumed to be the name of the
-  # executable now.  See Gem.bin_path.
-
-  def default_executable # :nodoc:
-    if defined?(@default_executable) && @default_executable
-      result = @default_executable
-    elsif @executables && @executables.size == 1
-      result = Array(@executables).first
-    else
-      result = nil
-    end
-    result
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :default_executable
-
-  ##
   # The default value for specification attribute +name+
 
   def default_value(name)
@@ -1757,7 +1743,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   #
   #   [depending_gem, dependency, [list_of_gems_that_satisfy_dependency]]
 
-  def dependent_gems(check_dev=true)
+  def dependent_gems(check_dev = true)
     out = []
     Gem::Specification.each do |spec|
       deps = check_dev ? spec.dependencies : spec.runtime_dependencies
@@ -1903,10 +1889,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
     spec
   end
 
-  def full_name
-    @full_name ||= super
-  end
-
   ##
   # Work around old bundler versions removing my methods
   # Can be removed once RubyGems can no longer install Bundler 2.5
@@ -1920,29 +1902,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   end
 
   ##
-  # Deprecated and ignored, defaults to true.
-  #
-  # Formerly used to indicate this gem was RDoc-capable.
-
-  def has_rdoc # :nodoc:
-    true
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :has_rdoc
-
-  ##
-  # Deprecated and ignored.
-  #
-  # Formerly used to indicate this gem was RDoc-capable.
-
-  def has_rdoc=(ignored) # :nodoc:
-    @has_rdoc = true
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :has_rdoc=
-
-  alias_method :has_rdoc?, :has_rdoc # :nodoc:
-  rubygems_deprecate :has_rdoc?
-
-  ##
   # True if this gem has files in test_files
 
   def has_unit_tests? # :nodoc:
@@ -2044,17 +2003,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
     end
   end
 
-  ##
-  # Expire memoized instance variables that can incorrectly generate, replace
-  # or miss files due changes in certain attributes used to compute them.
-
-  def invalidate_memoized_attributes
-    @full_name = nil
-    @cache_file = nil
-  end
-
-  private :invalidate_memoized_attributes
-
   def inspect # :nodoc:
     if $DEBUG
       super
@@ -2093,8 +2041,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   def internal_init # :nodoc:
     super
     @bin_dir       = nil
-    @cache_dir     = nil
-    @cache_file    = nil
     @doc_dir       = nil
     @ri_dir        = nil
     @spec_dir      = nil
@@ -2124,6 +2070,7 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   # probably want to build_extensions
 
   def missing_extensions?
+    return false if RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
     return false if extensions.empty?
     return false if default_gem?
     return false if File.exist? gem_build_complete_path
@@ -2144,11 +2091,11 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
       @files.concat(@extra_rdoc_files)
     end
 
-    @files            = @files.uniq if @files
-    @extensions       = @extensions.uniq if @extensions
-    @test_files       = @test_files.uniq if @test_files
-    @executables      = @executables.uniq if @executables
-    @extra_rdoc_files = @extra_rdoc_files.uniq if @extra_rdoc_files
+    @files            = @files.uniq.sort if @files
+    @extensions       = @extensions.uniq.sort if @extensions
+    @test_files       = @test_files.uniq.sort if @test_files
+    @executables      = @executables.uniq.sort if @executables
+    @extra_rdoc_files = @extra_rdoc_files.uniq.sort if @extra_rdoc_files
   end
 
   ##
@@ -2244,10 +2191,13 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   end
 
   ##
-  # Sets rdoc_options to +value+, ensuring it is an array.
+  # Sets rdoc_options to +value+, ensuring it is a flat array of strings.
+  # Handles malformed gemspecs where rdoc_options may be a Hash or contain Hashes.
 
   def rdoc_options=(options)
-    @rdoc_options = Array options
+    @rdoc_options = Array(options).flat_map do |opt|
+      opt.is_a?(Hash) ? opt.to_a.flatten.map(&:to_s) : opt
+    end
   end
 
   ##
@@ -2447,8 +2397,6 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
       :required_rubygems_version,
       :specification_version,
       :version,
-      :has_rdoc,
-      :default_executable,
       :metadata,
       :signing_key,
     ]
@@ -2511,24 +2459,28 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   def to_yaml(opts = {}) # :nodoc:
     Gem.load_yaml
 
-    # Because the user can switch the YAML engine behind our
-    # back, we have to check again here to make sure that our
-    # psych code was properly loaded, and load it if not.
-    unless Gem.const_defined?(:NoAliasYAMLTree)
-      require_relative "psych_tree"
-    end
+    if Gem.use_psych?
+      # Because the user can switch the YAML engine behind our
+      # back, we have to check again here to make sure that our
+      # psych code was properly loaded, and load it if not.
+      unless Gem.const_defined?(:NoAliasYAMLTree)
+        require_relative "psych_tree"
+      end
 
-    builder = Gem::NoAliasYAMLTree.create
-    builder << self
-    ast = builder.tree
+      builder = Gem::NoAliasYAMLTree.create
+      builder << self
+      ast = builder.tree
 
-    require "stringio"
-    io = StringIO.new
-    io.set_encoding Encoding::UTF_8
+      require "stringio"
+      io = StringIO.new
+      io.set_encoding Encoding::UTF_8
 
-    Psych::Visitors::Emitter.new(io).accept(ast)
+      Psych::Visitors::Emitter.new(io).accept(ast)
 
-    io.string.gsub(/ !!null \n/, " \n")
+      io.string.gsub(/ !!null \n/, " \n")
+    else
+      Gem::YAMLSerializer.dump(self)
+    end
   end
 
   ##
@@ -2586,29 +2538,11 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
     Gem::SpecificationPolicy.new(self).validate_for_resolution
   end
 
-  def validate_metadata
-    Gem::SpecificationPolicy.new(self).validate_metadata
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :validate_metadata
-
-  def validate_dependencies
-    Gem::SpecificationPolicy.new(self).validate_dependencies
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :validate_dependencies
-
-  def validate_permissions
-    Gem::SpecificationPolicy.new(self).validate_permissions
-  end
-  rubygems_deprecate :validate_permissions
-
   ##
   # Set the version to +version+.
 
   def version=(version)
-    @version = Gem::Version.create(version)
-    return if @version.nil?
-
-    invalidate_memoized_attributes
+    @version = version.nil? ? version : Gem::Version.create(version)
   end
 
   def stubbed?
@@ -2623,6 +2557,10 @@ class Gem::Specification < Gem::BasicSpecification
         self.date = val
       when "platform"
         self.platform = val
+      when "rdoc_options"
+        self.rdoc_options = val
+      when "requirements"
+        self.requirements = val
       else
         instance_variable_set "@#{ivar}", val
       end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/specification_policy.rb b/lib/rubygems/specification_policy.rb
index d79ee7df92..478e294e09 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/specification_policy.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/specification_policy.rb
@@ -190,53 +190,16 @@ duplicate dependency on #{dep}, (#{prev.requirement}) use:
 
   ##
   # Checks that the gem does not depend on itself.
-  # Checks that dependencies use requirements as we recommend.  Warnings are
-  # issued when dependencies are open-ended or overly strict for semantic
-  # versioning.
 
   def validate_dependencies # :nodoc:
-    warning_messages = []
+    error_messages = []
     @specification.dependencies.each do |dep|
-      if dep.name == @specification.name # warn on self reference
-        warning_messages << "Self referencing dependency is unnecessary and strongly discouraged."
-      end
-
-      prerelease_dep = dep.requirements_list.any? do |req|
-        Gem::Requirement.new(req).prerelease?
-      end
-
-      warning_messages << "prerelease dependency on #{dep} is not recommended" if
-          prerelease_dep && !@specification.version.prerelease?
-
-      open_ended = dep.requirement.requirements.all? do |op, version|
-        !version.prerelease? && [">", ">="].include?(op)
+      if dep.name == @specification.name # error on self reference
+        error_messages << "Dependencies of this gem include a self-reference."
       end
-
-      next unless open_ended
-      op, dep_version = dep.requirement.requirements.first
-
-      segments = dep_version.segments
-
-      base = segments.first 2
-
-      recommendation = if [">", ">="].include?(op) && segments == [0]
-        "  use a bounded requirement, such as \"~> x.y\""
-      else
-        bugfix = if op == ">"
-          ", \"> #{dep_version}\""
-        elsif op == ">=" && base != segments
-          ", \">= #{dep_version}\""
-        end
-
-        "  if #{dep.name} is semantically versioned, use:\n" \
-        "    add_#{dep.type}_dependency \"#{dep.name}\", \"~> #{base.join "."}\"#{bugfix}"
-      end
-
-      warning_messages << ["open-ended dependency on #{dep} is not recommended", recommendation].join("\n") + "\n"
-    end
-    if warning_messages.any?
-      warning_messages.each {|warning_message| warning warning_message }
     end
+
+    error error_messages.join if error_messages.any?
   end
 
   def validate_required_ruby_version
@@ -472,6 +435,7 @@ or set it to nil if you don't want to specify a license.
     warning "deprecated autorequire specified" if @specification.autorequire
 
     @specification.executables.each do |executable|
+      validate_executable(executable)
       validate_shebang_line_in(executable)
     end
 
@@ -485,6 +449,13 @@ or set it to nil if you don't want to specify a license.
     warning("no #{attribute} specified") if value.nil? || value.empty?
   end
 
+  def validate_executable(executable)
+    separators = [File::SEPARATOR, File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::PATH_SEPARATOR].compact.map {|sep| Regexp.escape(sep) }.join
+    return unless executable.match?(/[\s#{separators}]/)
+
+    error "executable \"#{executable}\" contains invalid characters"
+  end
+
   def validate_shebang_line_in(executable)
     executable_path = File.join(@specification.bindir, executable)
     return if File.read(executable_path, 2) == "#!"
@@ -504,6 +475,7 @@ or set it to nil if you don't want to specify a license.
 
     validate_rake_extensions(builder)
     validate_rust_extensions(builder)
+    validate_extension_require_relative
   end
 
   def validate_rust_extensions(builder) # :nodoc:
@@ -524,6 +496,33 @@ You have specified rake based extension, but rake is not added as runtime depend
     WARNING
   end
 
+  def validate_extension_require_relative # :nodoc:
+    return unless @specification.extensions.any?
+
+    require_paths = @specification.require_paths
+
+    @specification.files.each do |rb_file|
+      next unless rb_file.end_with?(".rb")
+      next unless require_paths.any? {|rp| rb_file.start_with?("#{rp}/") }
+      next unless File.file?(rb_file)
+
+      File.foreach(rb_file).with_index(1) do |line, lineno|
+        next unless line =~ /^\s*require_relative\s+["']([^"']+)["']/
+
+        required_path = Regexp.last_match(1)
+        resolved = File.join(File.dirname(rb_file), required_path)
+
+        next if @specification.files.any? {|f| f == "#{resolved}.rb" || f == resolved }
+
+        warning <<~WARNING
+          #{rb_file}:#{lineno} uses `require_relative "#{required_path}"` to load a compiled extension.
+          This will break in RubyGems 4.2, which will stop copying compiled extensions into the gem's lib directory.
+          Use `require` instead of `require_relative` to load compiled extensions.
+        WARNING
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def validate_unique_links
     links = @specification.metadata.slice(*METADATA_LINK_KEYS)
     grouped = links.group_by {|_key, uri| uri }
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/specification_record.rb b/lib/rubygems/specification_record.rb
index 195a355496..c7e5cbedb5 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/specification_record.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/specification_record.rb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ module Gem
     end
 
     ##
-    # Adds +spec+ to the the record, keeping the collection properly sorted.
+    # Adds +spec+ to the record, keeping the collection properly sorted.
 
     def add_spec(spec)
       return if all.include? spec
@@ -155,6 +155,19 @@ module Gem
     end
 
     ##
+    # Return the best specification that contains the file matching +path+
+    # amongst the specs that are not loaded. This method is different than
+    # +find_inactive_by_path+ as it will filter out loaded specs by their name.
+
+    def find_unloaded_by_path(path)
+      stub = stubs.find do |s|
+        next if Gem.loaded_specs[s.name]
+        s.contains_requirable_file? path
+      end
+      stub&.to_spec
+    end
+
+    ##
     # Return the best specification in the record that contains the file
     # matching +path+ amongst the specs that are not activated.
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA_R3.pem b/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSign.pem
index 8afb219058..8afb219058 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA_R3.pem
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSign.pem
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA.pem b/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA.pem
deleted file mode 100644
index f4ce4ca43d..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA.pem
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG
-A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv
-b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw
-MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i
-YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT
-aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ
-jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp
-xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp
-1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG
-snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ
-U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8
-9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E
-BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B
-AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz
-yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE
-38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP
-AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad
-DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME
-HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==
------END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb b/lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
index 4f6a70ba4b..53b337ed85 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ class Gem::StubSpecification < Gem::BasicSpecification
   end
 
   def missing_extensions?
+    return false if RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
     return false if default_gem?
     return false if extensions.empty?
     return false if File.exist? gem_build_complete_path
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/text.rb b/lib/rubygems/text.rb
index da0795b771..88d4ce59b4 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/text.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/text.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module Gem::Text
   # Wraps +text+ to +wrap+ characters and optionally indents by +indent+
   # characters
 
-  def format_text(text, wrap, indent=0)
+  def format_text(text, wrap, indent = 0)
     result = []
     work = clean_text(text)
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb b/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb
index 991bc6fb95..fe4c3a80cf 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb
@@ -42,10 +42,25 @@ class Gem::Uninstaller
   attr_reader :spec
 
   ##
-  # Constructs an uninstaller that will uninstall +gem+
+  # Constructs an uninstaller that will uninstall gem named +gem+.
+  # +options+ is a Hash with the following keys:
+  #
+  # :version:: Version requirement for the gem to uninstall. If not specified,
+  #            uses Gem::Requirement.default.
+  # :install_dir:: The directory where the gem is installed. If not specified,
+  #                uses Gem.dir.
+  # :executables:: Whether executables should be removed without confirmation or not. If nil, asks the user explicitly.
+  # :all:: If more than one version matches the requirement, whether to forcefully remove all matching versions or ask the user to select specific matching versions that should be removed.
+  # :ignore:: Ignore broken dependency checks when uninstalling.
+  # :bin_dir:: Directory containing executables to remove. If not specified,
+  #            uses Gem.bindir.
+  # :format_executable:: In order to find executables to be removed, format executable names using Gem::Installer.exec_format.
+  # :abort_on_dependent:: Directly abort uninstallation if dependencies would be broken, rather than asking the user for confirmation.
+  # :check_dev:: When checking if uninstalling gem would leave broken dependencies around, also consider development dependencies.
+  # :force:: Set both :all and :ignore to true for forced uninstallation.
+  # :user_install:: Uninstall from user gem directory instead of system directory.
 
   def initialize(gem, options = {})
-    # TODO: document the valid options
     @gem                = gem
     @version            = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default
     @install_dir        = options[:install_dir]
@@ -57,10 +72,6 @@ class Gem::Uninstaller
     @bin_dir            = options[:bin_dir]
     @format_executable  = options[:format_executable]
     @abort_on_dependent = options[:abort_on_dependent]
-
-    # Indicate if development dependencies should be checked when
-    # uninstalling. (default: false)
-    #
     @check_dev = options[:check_dev]
 
     if options[:force]
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/uri_formatter.rb b/lib/rubygems/uri_formatter.rb
index 517ce33637..8856fdadd2 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/uri_formatter.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/uri_formatter.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ class Gem::UriFormatter
   # Creates a new URI formatter for +uri+.
 
   def initialize(uri)
-    require "cgi"
+    require "cgi/escape"
+    require "cgi/util" unless defined?(CGI::EscapeExt)
 
     @uri = uri
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb b/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb
index 0172c4ee89..9fe3e755c4 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
 #++
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
 require_relative "text"
 
 ##
@@ -170,8 +169,6 @@ end
 # Gem::StreamUI implements a simple stream based user interface.
 
 class Gem::StreamUI
-  extend Gem::Deprecate
-
   ##
   # The input stream
 
@@ -193,7 +190,7 @@ class Gem::StreamUI
   # then special operations (like asking for passwords) will use the TTY
   # commands to disable character echo.
 
-  def initialize(in_stream, out_stream, err_stream=$stderr, usetty=true)
+  def initialize(in_stream, out_stream, err_stream = $stderr, usetty = true)
     @ins = in_stream
     @outs = out_stream
     @errs = err_stream
@@ -246,7 +243,7 @@ class Gem::StreamUI
   # to a tty, raises an exception if default is nil, otherwise returns
   # default.
 
-  def ask_yes_no(question, default=nil)
+  def ask_yes_no(question, default = nil)
     unless tty?
       if default.nil?
         raise Gem::OperationNotSupportedError,
@@ -325,14 +322,14 @@ class Gem::StreamUI
   ##
   # Display a statement.
 
-  def say(statement="")
+  def say(statement = "")
     @outs.puts statement
   end
 
   ##
   # Display an informational alert.  Will ask +question+ if it is not nil.
 
-  def alert(statement, question=nil)
+  def alert(statement, question = nil)
     @outs.puts "INFO:  #{statement}"
     ask(question) if question
   end
@@ -340,7 +337,7 @@ class Gem::StreamUI
   ##
   # Display a warning on stderr.  Will ask +question+ if it is not nil.
 
-  def alert_warning(statement, question=nil)
+  def alert_warning(statement, question = nil)
     @errs.puts "WARNING:  #{statement}"
     ask(question) if question
   end
@@ -349,7 +346,7 @@ class Gem::StreamUI
   # Display an error message in a location expected to get error messages.
   # Will ask +question+ if it is not nil.
 
-  def alert_error(statement, question=nil)
+  def alert_error(statement, question = nil)
     @errs.puts "ERROR:  #{statement}"
     ask(question) if question
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/util.rb b/lib/rubygems/util.rb
index 51f9c2029f..ee4106c6ce 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/util.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/util.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
-
 ##
 # This module contains various utility methods as module methods.
 
@@ -57,26 +55,6 @@ module Gem::Util
   end
 
   ##
-  # Invokes system, but silences all output.
-
-  def self.silent_system(*command)
-    opt = { out: IO::NULL, err: [:child, :out] }
-    if Hash === command.last
-      opt.update(command.last)
-      cmds = command[0...-1]
-    else
-      cmds = command.dup
-    end
-    system(*(cmds << opt))
-  end
-
-  class << self
-    extend Gem::Deprecate
-
-    rubygems_deprecate :silent_system
-  end
-
-  ##
   # Enumerates the parents of +directory+.
 
   def self.traverse_parents(directory, &block)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb b/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32767c6a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Based on ActiveSupport's AtomicFile implementation
+# Copyright (c) David Heinemeier Hansson
+# https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/main/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file/atomic.rb
+# Licensed under the MIT License
+
+module Gem
+  class AtomicFileWriter
+    ##
+    # Write to a file atomically. Useful for situations where you don't
+    # want other processes or threads to see half-written files.
+
+    def self.open(file_name)
+      require "securerandom" unless defined?(SecureRandom)
+
+      old_stat = begin
+                   File.stat(file_name)
+                 rescue SystemCallError
+                   nil
+                 end
+
+      # Names can't be longer than 255B
+      tmp_suffix = ".tmp.#{SecureRandom.hex}"
+      dirname = File.dirname(file_name)
+      basename = File.basename(file_name)
+      tmp_path = File.join(dirname, ".#{basename.byteslice(0, 254 - tmp_suffix.bytesize)}#{tmp_suffix}")
+
+      flags = File::RDWR | File::CREAT | File::EXCL | File::BINARY
+      flags |= File::SHARE_DELETE if defined?(File::SHARE_DELETE)
+
+      File.open(tmp_path, flags) do |temp_file|
+        temp_file.binmode
+        if old_stat
+          # Set correct permissions on new file
+          begin
+            File.chown(old_stat.uid, old_stat.gid, temp_file.path)
+            # This operation will affect filesystem ACL's
+            File.chmod(old_stat.mode, temp_file.path)
+          rescue Errno::EPERM, Errno::EACCES
+            # Changing file ownership failed, moving on.
+          end
+        end
+
+        return_val = yield temp_file
+      rescue StandardError => error
+        begin
+          temp_file.close
+        rescue StandardError
+          nil
+        end
+
+        begin
+          File.unlink(temp_file.path)
+        rescue StandardError
+          nil
+        end
+
+        raise error
+      else
+        begin
+          File.rename(temp_file.path, file_name)
+        rescue StandardError
+          begin
+            File.unlink(temp_file.path)
+          rescue StandardError
+          end
+
+          raise
+        end
+
+        return_val
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/util/licenses.rb b/lib/rubygems/util/licenses.rb
index 3d9df5ebcd..caf53d0b7e 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/util/licenses.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/util/licenses.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     AGPL-1.0-or-later
     AGPL-3.0-only
     AGPL-3.0-or-later
+    ALGLIB-Documentation
     AMD-newlib
     AMDPLPA
     AML
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     Adobe-Display-PostScript
     Adobe-Glyph
     Adobe-Utopia
+    Advanced-Cryptics-Dictionary
     Afmparse
     Aladdin
     Apache-1.0
@@ -59,12 +61,16 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     Artistic-1.0-Perl
     Artistic-1.0-cl8
     Artistic-2.0
+    Artistic-dist
+    Aspell-RU
+    BOLA-1.1
     BSD-1-Clause
     BSD-2-Clause
     BSD-2-Clause-Darwin
     BSD-2-Clause-Patent
     BSD-2-Clause-Views
     BSD-2-Clause-first-lines
+    BSD-2-Clause-pkgconf-disclaimer
     BSD-3-Clause
     BSD-3-Clause-Attribution
     BSD-3-Clause-Clear
@@ -77,6 +83,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     BSD-3-Clause-No-Nuclear-Warranty
     BSD-3-Clause-Open-MPI
     BSD-3-Clause-Sun
+    BSD-3-Clause-Tso
     BSD-3-Clause-acpica
     BSD-3-Clause-flex
     BSD-4-Clause
@@ -87,6 +94,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     BSD-Advertising-Acknowledgement
     BSD-Attribution-HPND-disclaimer
     BSD-Inferno-Nettverk
+    BSD-Mark-Modifications
     BSD-Protection
     BSD-Source-Code
     BSD-Source-beginning-file
@@ -108,9 +116,11 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     Borceux
     Brian-Gladman-2-Clause
     Brian-Gladman-3-Clause
+    Buddy
     C-UDA-1.0
     CAL-1.0
     CAL-1.0-Combined-Work-Exception
+    CAPEC-tou
     CATOSL-1.1
     CC-BY-1.0
     CC-BY-2.0
@@ -205,6 +215,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     Cornell-Lossless-JPEG
     Cronyx
     Crossword
+    CryptoSwift
     CrystalStacker
     Cube
     D-FSL-1.0
@@ -215,6 +226,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     DRL-1.0
     DRL-1.1
     DSDP
+    DocBook-DTD
     DocBook-Schema
     DocBook-Stylesheet
     DocBook-XML
@@ -226,6 +238,9 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     EPICS
     EPL-1.0
     EPL-2.0
+    ESA-PL-permissive-2.4
+    ESA-PL-strong-copyleft-2.4
+    ESA-PL-weak-copyleft-2.4
     EUDatagrid
     EUPL-1.0
     EUPL-1.1
@@ -240,7 +255,10 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     FSFAP-no-warranty-disclaimer
     FSFUL
     FSFULLR
+    FSFULLRSD
     FSFULLRWD
+    FSL-1.1-ALv2
+    FSL-1.1-MIT
     FTL
     Fair
     Ferguson-Twofish
@@ -276,11 +294,13 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     GPL-2.0-or-later
     GPL-3.0-only
     GPL-3.0-or-later
+    Game-Programming-Gems
     Giftware
     Glide
     Glulxe
     Graphics-Gems
     Gutmann
+    HDF5
     HIDAPI
     HP-1986
     HP-1989
@@ -294,6 +314,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     HPND-Markus-Kuhn
     HPND-Netrek
     HPND-Pbmplus
+    HPND-SMC
     HPND-UC
     HPND-UC-export-US
     HPND-doc
@@ -308,6 +329,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     HPND-sell-variant
     HPND-sell-variant-MIT-disclaimer
     HPND-sell-variant-MIT-disclaimer-rev
+    HPND-sell-variant-critical-systems
     HTMLTIDY
     HaskellReport
     Hippocratic-2.1
@@ -320,6 +342,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     IPL-1.0
     ISC
     ISC-Veillard
+    ISO-permission
     ImageMagick
     Imlib2
     Info-ZIP
@@ -377,6 +400,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     MIT-Festival
     MIT-Khronos-old
     MIT-Modern-Variant
+    MIT-STK
     MIT-Wu
     MIT-advertising
     MIT-enna
@@ -385,6 +409,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     MIT-testregex
     MITNFA
     MMIXware
+    MMPL-1.0.1
     MPEG-SSG
     MPL-1.0
     MPL-1.1
@@ -416,6 +441,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     NGPL
     NICTA-1.0
     NIST-PD
+    NIST-PD-TNT
     NIST-PD-fallback
     NIST-Software
     NLOD-1.0
@@ -426,6 +452,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     NPL-1.1
     NPOSL-3.0
     NRL
+    NTIA-PD
     NTP
     NTP-0
     Naumen
@@ -474,12 +501,15 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     OPL-1.0
     OPL-UK-3.0
     OPUBL-1.0
+    OSC-1.0
     OSET-PL-2.1
     OSL-1.0
     OSL-1.1
     OSL-2.0
     OSL-2.1
     OSL-3.0
+    OSSP
+    OpenMDW-1.0
     OpenPBS-2.3
     OpenSSL
     OpenSSL-standalone
@@ -490,6 +520,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     PHP-3.01
     PPL
     PSF-2.0
+    ParaType-Free-Font-1.3
     Parity-6.0.0
     Parity-7.0.0
     Pixar
@@ -518,6 +549,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     SGI-B-1.1
     SGI-B-2.0
     SGI-OpenGL
+    SGMLUG-PM
     SGP4
     SHL-0.5
     SHL-0.51
@@ -528,11 +560,13 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     SMLNJ
     SMPPL
     SNIA
+    SOFA
     SPL-1.0
     SSH-OpenSSH
     SSH-short
     SSLeay-standalone
     SSPL-1.0
+    SUL-1.0
     SWL
     Saxpath
     SchemeReport
@@ -563,6 +597,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     TTYP0
     TU-Berlin-1.0
     TU-Berlin-2.0
+    TekHVC
     TermReadKey
     ThirdEye
     TrustedQSL
@@ -572,24 +607,31 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     UPL-1.0
     URT-RLE
     Ubuntu-font-1.0
+    UnRAR
     Unicode-3.0
     Unicode-DFS-2015
     Unicode-DFS-2016
     Unicode-TOU
     UnixCrypt
     Unlicense
+    Unlicense-libtelnet
+    Unlicense-libwhirlpool
     VOSTROM
     VSL-1.0
     Vim
+    Vixie-Cron
     W3C
     W3C-19980720
     W3C-20150513
+    WTFNMFPL
     WTFPL
     Watcom-1.0
     Widget-Workshop
+    WordNet
     Wsuipa
     X11
     X11-distribute-modifications-variant
+    X11-no-permit-persons
     X11-swapped
     XFree86-1.1
     XSkat
@@ -630,7 +672,10 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     gnuplot
     gtkbook
     hdparm
+    hyphen-bulgarian
     iMatix
+    jove
+    libpng-1.6.35
     libpng-2.0
     libselinux-1.0
     libtiff
@@ -638,10 +683,12 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     lsof
     magaz
     mailprio
+    man2html
     metamail
     mpi-permissive
     mpich2
     mplus
+    ngrep
     pkgconf
     pnmstitch
     psfrag
@@ -715,7 +762,9 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     CGAL-linking-exception
     CLISP-exception-2.0
     Classpath-exception-2.0
+    Classpath-exception-2.0-short
     DigiRule-FOSS-exception
+    Digia-Qt-LGPL-exception-1.1
     FLTK-exception
     Fawkes-Runtime-exception
     Font-exception-2.0
@@ -755,6 +804,7 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     SHL-2.0
     SHL-2.1
     SWI-exception
+    Simple-Library-Usage-exception
     Swift-exception
     Texinfo-exception
     UBDL-exception
@@ -768,11 +818,15 @@ class Gem::Licenses
     gnu-javamail-exception
     harbour-exception
     i2p-gpl-java-exception
+    kvirc-openssl-exception
     libpri-OpenH323-exception
     mif-exception
     mxml-exception
     openvpn-openssl-exception
+    polyparse-exception
     romic-exception
+    rsync-linking-exception
+    sqlitestudio-OpenSSL-exception
     stunnel-exception
     u-boot-exception-2.0
     vsftpd-openssl-exception
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/util/list.rb b/lib/rubygems/util/list.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2899e8a2b9..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/util/list.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem
-  # The Gem::List class is currently unused and will be removed in the next major rubygems version
-  class List # :nodoc:
-    include Enumerable
-    attr_accessor :value, :tail
-
-    def initialize(value = nil, tail = nil)
-      @value = value
-      @tail = tail
-    end
-
-    def each
-      n = self
-      while n
-        yield n.value
-        n = n.tail
-      end
-    end
-
-    def to_a
-      super.reverse
-    end
-
-    def prepend(value)
-      List.new value, self
-    end
-
-    def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
-      q.pp to_a
-    end
-
-    def self.prepend(list, value)
-      return List.new(value) unless list
-      List.new value, list
-    end
-  end
-  deprecate_constant :List
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/validator.rb b/lib/rubygems/validator.rb
index 57e0747eb4..eb5b513570 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/validator.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/validator.rb
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Gem::Validator
   #--
   # TODO needs further cleanup
 
-  def alien(gems=[])
+  def alien(gems = [])
     errors = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = {} }
 
     Gem::Specification.each do |spec|
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index dd5600c9e3..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'molinillo/gem_metadata'
-require_relative 'molinillo/errors'
-require_relative 'molinillo/resolver'
-require_relative 'molinillo/modules/ui'
-require_relative 'molinillo/modules/specification_provider'
-
-# Gem::Molinillo is a generic dependency resolution algorithm.
-module Gem::Molinillo
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/resolution_state.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/resolution_state.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 34842d46d5..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/resolution_state.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # @!visibility private
-  module Delegates
-    # Delegates all {Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState} methods to a `#state` property.
-    module ResolutionState
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#name)
-      def name
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.name
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#requirements)
-      def requirements
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.requirements
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#activated)
-      def activated
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.activated
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#requirement)
-      def requirement
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.requirement
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#possibilities)
-      def possibilities
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.possibilities
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#depth)
-      def depth
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.depth
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#conflicts)
-      def conflicts
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.conflicts
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState#unused_unwind_options)
-      def unused_unwind_options
-        current_state = state || Gem::Molinillo::ResolutionState.empty
-        current_state.unused_unwind_options
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/specification_provider.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/specification_provider.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8417721537..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/specification_provider.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  module Delegates
-    # Delegates all {Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider} methods to a
-    # `#specification_provider` property.
-    module SpecificationProvider
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#search_for)
-      def search_for(dependency)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.search_for(dependency)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#dependencies_for)
-      def dependencies_for(specification)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.dependencies_for(specification)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#requirement_satisfied_by?)
-      def requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, spec)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, spec)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#dependencies_equal?)
-      def dependencies_equal?(dependencies, other_dependencies)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.dependencies_equal?(dependencies, other_dependencies)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#name_for)
-      def name_for(dependency)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.name_for(dependency)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#name_for_explicit_dependency_source)
-      def name_for_explicit_dependency_source
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.name_for_explicit_dependency_source
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#name_for_locking_dependency_source)
-      def name_for_locking_dependency_source
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.name_for_locking_dependency_source
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#sort_dependencies)
-      def sort_dependencies(dependencies, activated, conflicts)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.sort_dependencies(dependencies, activated, conflicts)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # (see Gem::Molinillo::SpecificationProvider#allow_missing?)
-      def allow_missing?(dependency)
-        with_no_such_dependency_error_handling do
-          specification_provider.allow_missing?(dependency)
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      # Ensures any raised {NoSuchDependencyError} has its
-      # {NoSuchDependencyError#required_by} set.
-      # @yield
-      def with_no_such_dependency_error_handling
-        yield
-      rescue NoSuchDependencyError => error
-        if state
-          vertex = activated.vertex_named(name_for(error.dependency))
-          error.required_by += vertex.incoming_edges.map { |e| e.origin.name }
-          error.required_by << name_for_explicit_dependency_source unless vertex.explicit_requirements.empty?
-        end
-        raise
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2dbbc589dc..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative '../../../../vendored_tsort'
-
-require_relative 'dependency_graph/log'
-require_relative 'dependency_graph/vertex'
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # A directed acyclic graph that is tuned to hold named dependencies
-  class DependencyGraph
-    include Enumerable
-
-    # Enumerates through the vertices of the graph.
-    # @return [Array<Vertex>] The graph's vertices.
-    def each
-      return vertices.values.each unless block_given?
-      vertices.values.each { |v| yield v }
-    end
-
-    include Gem::TSort
-
-    # @!visibility private
-    alias tsort_each_node each
-
-    # @!visibility private
-    def tsort_each_child(vertex, &block)
-      vertex.successors.each(&block)
-    end
-
-    # Topologically sorts the given vertices.
-    # @param [Enumerable<Vertex>] vertices the vertices to be sorted, which must
-    #   all belong to the same graph.
-    # @return [Array<Vertex>] The sorted vertices.
-    def self.tsort(vertices)
-      Gem::TSort.tsort(
-        lambda { |b| vertices.each(&b) },
-        lambda { |v, &b| (v.successors & vertices).each(&b) }
-      )
-    end
-
-    # A directed edge of a {DependencyGraph}
-    # @attr [Vertex] origin The origin of the directed edge
-    # @attr [Vertex] destination The destination of the directed edge
-    # @attr [Object] requirement The requirement the directed edge represents
-    Edge = Struct.new(:origin, :destination, :requirement)
-
-    # @return [{String => Vertex}] the vertices of the dependency graph, keyed
-    #   by {Vertex#name}
-    attr_reader :vertices
-
-    # @return [Log] the op log for this graph
-    attr_reader :log
-
-    # Initializes an empty dependency graph
-    def initialize
-      @vertices = {}
-      @log = Log.new
-    end
-
-    # Tags the current state of the dependency as the given tag
-    # @param  [Object] tag an opaque tag for the current state of the graph
-    # @return [Void]
-    def tag(tag)
-      log.tag(self, tag)
-    end
-
-    # Rewinds the graph to the state tagged as `tag`
-    # @param  [Object] tag the tag to rewind to
-    # @return [Void]
-    def rewind_to(tag)
-      log.rewind_to(self, tag)
-    end
-
-    # Initializes a copy of a {DependencyGraph}, ensuring that all {#vertices}
-    # are properly copied.
-    # @param [DependencyGraph] other the graph to copy.
-    def initialize_copy(other)
-      super
-      @vertices = {}
-      @log = other.log.dup
-      traverse = lambda do |new_v, old_v|
-        return if new_v.outgoing_edges.size == old_v.outgoing_edges.size
-        old_v.outgoing_edges.each do |edge|
-          destination = add_vertex(edge.destination.name, edge.destination.payload)
-          add_edge_no_circular(new_v, destination, edge.requirement)
-          traverse.call(destination, edge.destination)
-        end
-      end
-      other.vertices.each do |name, vertex|
-        new_vertex = add_vertex(name, vertex.payload, vertex.root?)
-        new_vertex.explicit_requirements.replace(vertex.explicit_requirements)
-        traverse.call(new_vertex, vertex)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # @return [String] a string suitable for debugging
-    def inspect
-      "#{self.class}:#{vertices.values.inspect}"
-    end
-
-    # @param [Hash] options options for dot output.
-    # @return [String] Returns a dot format representation of the graph
-    def to_dot(options = {})
-      edge_label = options.delete(:edge_label)
-      raise ArgumentError, "Unknown options: #{options.keys}" unless options.empty?
-
-      dot_vertices = []
-      dot_edges = []
-      vertices.each do |n, v|
-        dot_vertices << "  #{n} [label=\"{#{n}|#{v.payload}}\"]"
-        v.outgoing_edges.each do |e|
-          label = edge_label ? edge_label.call(e) : e.requirement
-          dot_edges << "  #{e.origin.name} -> #{e.destination.name} [label=#{label.to_s.dump}]"
-        end
-      end
-
-      dot_vertices.uniq!
-      dot_vertices.sort!
-      dot_edges.uniq!
-      dot_edges.sort!
-
-      dot = dot_vertices.unshift('digraph G {').push('') + dot_edges.push('}')
-      dot.join("\n")
-    end
-
-    # @param [DependencyGraph] other
-    # @return [Boolean] whether the two dependency graphs are equal, determined
-    #   by a recursive traversal of each {#root_vertices} and its
-    #   {Vertex#successors}
-    def ==(other)
-      return false unless other
-      return true if equal?(other)
-      vertices.each do |name, vertex|
-        other_vertex = other.vertex_named(name)
-        return false unless other_vertex
-        return false unless vertex.payload == other_vertex.payload
-        return false unless other_vertex.successors.to_set == vertex.successors.to_set
-      end
-    end
-
-    # @param [String] name
-    # @param [Object] payload
-    # @param [Array<String>] parent_names
-    # @param [Object] requirement the requirement that is requiring the child
-    # @return [void]
-    def add_child_vertex(name, payload, parent_names, requirement)
-      root = !parent_names.delete(nil) { true }
-      vertex = add_vertex(name, payload, root)
-      vertex.explicit_requirements << requirement if root
-      parent_names.each do |parent_name|
-        parent_vertex = vertex_named(parent_name)
-        add_edge(parent_vertex, vertex, requirement)
-      end
-      vertex
-    end
-
-    # Adds a vertex with the given name, or updates the existing one.
-    # @param [String] name
-    # @param [Object] payload
-    # @return [Vertex] the vertex that was added to `self`
-    def add_vertex(name, payload, root = false)
-      log.add_vertex(self, name, payload, root)
-    end
-
-    # Detaches the {#vertex_named} `name` {Vertex} from the graph, recursively
-    # removing any non-root vertices that were orphaned in the process
-    # @param [String] name
-    # @return [Array<Vertex>] the vertices which have been detached
-    def detach_vertex_named(name)
-      log.detach_vertex_named(self, name)
-    end
-
-    # @param [String] name
-    # @return [Vertex,nil] the vertex with the given name
-    def vertex_named(name)
-      vertices[name]
-    end
-
-    # @param [String] name
-    # @return [Vertex,nil] the root vertex with the given name
-    def root_vertex_named(name)
-      vertex = vertex_named(name)
-      vertex if vertex && vertex.root?
-    end
-
-    # Adds a new {Edge} to the dependency graph
-    # @param [Vertex] origin
-    # @param [Vertex] destination
-    # @param [Object] requirement the requirement that this edge represents
-    # @return [Edge] the added edge
-    def add_edge(origin, destination, requirement)
-      if destination.path_to?(origin)
-        raise CircularDependencyError.new(path(destination, origin))
-      end
-      add_edge_no_circular(origin, destination, requirement)
-    end
-
-    # Deletes an {Edge} from the dependency graph
-    # @param [Edge] edge
-    # @return [Void]
-    def delete_edge(edge)
-      log.delete_edge(self, edge.origin.name, edge.destination.name, edge.requirement)
-    end
-
-    # Sets the payload of the vertex with the given name
-    # @param [String] name the name of the vertex
-    # @param [Object] payload the payload
-    # @return [Void]
-    def set_payload(name, payload)
-      log.set_payload(self, name, payload)
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    # Adds a new {Edge} to the dependency graph without checking for
-    # circularity.
-    # @param (see #add_edge)
-    # @return (see #add_edge)
-    def add_edge_no_circular(origin, destination, requirement)
-      log.add_edge_no_circular(self, origin.name, destination.name, requirement)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the path between two vertices
-    # @raise [ArgumentError] if there is no path between the vertices
-    # @param [Vertex] from
-    # @param [Vertex] to
-    # @return [Array<Vertex>] the shortest path from `from` to `to`
-    def path(from, to)
-      distances = Hash.new(vertices.size + 1)
-      distances[from.name] = 0
-      predecessors = {}
-      each do |vertex|
-        vertex.successors.each do |successor|
-          if distances[successor.name] > distances[vertex.name] + 1
-            distances[successor.name] = distances[vertex.name] + 1
-            predecessors[successor] = vertex
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      path = [to]
-      while before = predecessors[to]
-        path << before
-        to = before
-        break if to == from
-      end
-
-      unless path.last.equal?(from)
-        raise ArgumentError, "There is no path from #{from.name} to #{to.name}"
-      end
-
-      path.reverse
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/action.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/action.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8707ec451d..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/action.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # An action that modifies a {DependencyGraph} that is reversible.
-    # @abstract
-    class Action
-      # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
-
-      # @return [Symbol] The name of the action.
-      def self.action_name
-        raise 'Abstract'
-      end
-
-      # Performs the action on the given graph.
-      # @param  [DependencyGraph] graph the graph to perform the action on.
-      # @return [Void]
-      def up(graph)
-        raise 'Abstract'
-      end
-
-      # Reverses the action on the given graph.
-      # @param  [DependencyGraph] graph the graph to reverse the action on.
-      # @return [Void]
-      def down(graph)
-        raise 'Abstract'
-      end
-
-      # @return [Action,Nil] The previous action
-      attr_accessor :previous
-
-      # @return [Action,Nil] The next action
-      attr_accessor :next
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_edge_no_circular.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_edge_no_circular.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index aa9815c5ae..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_edge_no_circular.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # (see DependencyGraph#add_edge_no_circular)
-    class AddEdgeNoCircular < Action
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action.action_name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :add_vertex
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-        edge = make_edge(graph)
-        edge.origin.outgoing_edges << edge
-        edge.destination.incoming_edges << edge
-        edge
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-        edge = make_edge(graph)
-        delete_first(edge.origin.outgoing_edges, edge)
-        delete_first(edge.destination.incoming_edges, edge)
-      end
-
-      # @!group AddEdgeNoCircular
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the origin of the edge
-      attr_reader :origin
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the destination of the edge
-      attr_reader :destination
-
-      # @return [Object] the requirement that the edge represents
-      attr_reader :requirement
-
-      # @param  [DependencyGraph] graph the graph to find vertices from
-      # @return [Edge] The edge this action adds
-      def make_edge(graph)
-        Edge.new(graph.vertex_named(origin), graph.vertex_named(destination), requirement)
-      end
-
-      # Initialize an action to add an edge to a dependency graph
-      # @param [String] origin the name of the origin of the edge
-      # @param [String] destination the name of the destination of the edge
-      # @param [Object] requirement the requirement that the edge represents
-      def initialize(origin, destination, requirement)
-        @origin = origin
-        @destination = destination
-        @requirement = requirement
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def delete_first(array, item)
-        return unless index = array.index(item)
-        array.delete_at(index)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_vertex.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_vertex.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c7066a669..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/add_vertex.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # (see DependencyGraph#add_vertex)
-    class AddVertex < Action # :nodoc:
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action.action_name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :add_vertex
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-        if existing = graph.vertices[name]
-          @existing_payload = existing.payload
-          @existing_root = existing.root
-        end
-        vertex = existing || Vertex.new(name, payload)
-        graph.vertices[vertex.name] = vertex
-        vertex.payload ||= payload
-        vertex.root ||= root
-        vertex
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-        if defined?(@existing_payload)
-          vertex = graph.vertices[name]
-          vertex.payload = @existing_payload
-          vertex.root = @existing_root
-        else
-          graph.vertices.delete(name)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!group AddVertex
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the vertex
-      attr_reader :name
-
-      # @return [Object] the payload for the vertex
-      attr_reader :payload
-
-      # @return [Boolean] whether the vertex is root or not
-      attr_reader :root
-
-      # Initialize an action to add a vertex to a dependency graph
-      # @param [String] name the name of the vertex
-      # @param [Object] payload the payload for the vertex
-      # @param [Boolean] root whether the vertex is root or not
-      def initialize(name, payload, root)
-        @name = name
-        @payload = payload
-        @root = root
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/delete_edge.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/delete_edge.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e62c0a0b6..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/delete_edge.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # (see DependencyGraph#delete_edge)
-    class DeleteEdge < Action
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action.action_name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :delete_edge
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-        edge = make_edge(graph)
-        edge.origin.outgoing_edges.delete(edge)
-        edge.destination.incoming_edges.delete(edge)
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-        edge = make_edge(graph)
-        edge.origin.outgoing_edges << edge
-        edge.destination.incoming_edges << edge
-        edge
-      end
-
-      # @!group DeleteEdge
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the origin of the edge
-      attr_reader :origin_name
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the destination of the edge
-      attr_reader :destination_name
-
-      # @return [Object] the requirement that the edge represents
-      attr_reader :requirement
-
-      # @param  [DependencyGraph] graph the graph to find vertices from
-      # @return [Edge] The edge this action adds
-      def make_edge(graph)
-        Edge.new(
-          graph.vertex_named(origin_name),
-          graph.vertex_named(destination_name),
-          requirement
-        )
-      end
-
-      # Initialize an action to add an edge to a dependency graph
-      # @param [String] origin_name the name of the origin of the edge
-      # @param [String] destination_name the name of the destination of the edge
-      # @param [Object] requirement the requirement that the edge represents
-      def initialize(origin_name, destination_name, requirement)
-        @origin_name = origin_name
-        @destination_name = destination_name
-        @requirement = requirement
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/detach_vertex_named.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/detach_vertex_named.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6132f969b9..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/detach_vertex_named.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # @see DependencyGraph#detach_vertex_named
-    class DetachVertexNamed < Action
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action#name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :add_vertex
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-        return [] unless @vertex = graph.vertices.delete(name)
-
-        removed_vertices = [@vertex]
-        @vertex.outgoing_edges.each do |e|
-          v = e.destination
-          v.incoming_edges.delete(e)
-          if !v.root? && v.incoming_edges.empty?
-            removed_vertices.concat graph.detach_vertex_named(v.name)
-          end
-        end
-
-        @vertex.incoming_edges.each do |e|
-          v = e.origin
-          v.outgoing_edges.delete(e)
-        end
-
-        removed_vertices
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-        return unless @vertex
-        graph.vertices[@vertex.name] = @vertex
-        @vertex.outgoing_edges.each do |e|
-          e.destination.incoming_edges << e
-        end
-        @vertex.incoming_edges.each do |e|
-          e.origin.outgoing_edges << e
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!group DetachVertexNamed
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the vertex to detach
-      attr_reader :name
-
-      # Initialize an action to detach a vertex from a dependency graph
-      # @param [String] name the name of the vertex to detach
-      def initialize(name)
-        @name = name
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/log.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/log.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6954c4b1f8..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/log.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'add_edge_no_circular'
-require_relative 'add_vertex'
-require_relative 'delete_edge'
-require_relative 'detach_vertex_named'
-require_relative 'set_payload'
-require_relative 'tag'
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # A log for dependency graph actions
-    class Log
-      # Initializes an empty log
-      def initialize
-        @current_action = @first_action = nil
-      end
-
-      # @!macro [new] action
-      #   {include:DependencyGraph#$0}
-      #   @param [Graph] graph the graph to perform the action on
-      #   @param (see DependencyGraph#$0)
-      #   @return (see DependencyGraph#$0)
-
-      # @macro action
-      def tag(graph, tag)
-        push_action(graph, Tag.new(tag))
-      end
-
-      # @macro action
-      def add_vertex(graph, name, payload, root)
-        push_action(graph, AddVertex.new(name, payload, root))
-      end
-
-      # @macro action
-      def detach_vertex_named(graph, name)
-        push_action(graph, DetachVertexNamed.new(name))
-      end
-
-      # @macro action
-      def add_edge_no_circular(graph, origin, destination, requirement)
-        push_action(graph, AddEdgeNoCircular.new(origin, destination, requirement))
-      end
-
-      # {include:DependencyGraph#delete_edge}
-      # @param [Graph] graph the graph to perform the action on
-      # @param [String] origin_name
-      # @param [String] destination_name
-      # @param [Object] requirement
-      # @return (see DependencyGraph#delete_edge)
-      def delete_edge(graph, origin_name, destination_name, requirement)
-        push_action(graph, DeleteEdge.new(origin_name, destination_name, requirement))
-      end
-
-      # @macro action
-      def set_payload(graph, name, payload)
-        push_action(graph, SetPayload.new(name, payload))
-      end
-
-      # Pops the most recent action from the log and undoes the action
-      # @param [DependencyGraph] graph
-      # @return [Action] the action that was popped off the log
-      def pop!(graph)
-        return unless action = @current_action
-        unless @current_action = action.previous
-          @first_action = nil
-        end
-        action.down(graph)
-        action
-      end
-
-      extend Enumerable
-
-      # @!visibility private
-      # Enumerates each action in the log
-      # @yield [Action]
-      def each
-        return enum_for unless block_given?
-        action = @first_action
-        loop do
-          break unless action
-          yield action
-          action = action.next
-        end
-        self
-      end
-
-      # @!visibility private
-      # Enumerates each action in the log in reverse order
-      # @yield [Action]
-      def reverse_each
-        return enum_for(:reverse_each) unless block_given?
-        action = @current_action
-        loop do
-          break unless action
-          yield action
-          action = action.previous
-        end
-        self
-      end
-
-      # @macro action
-      def rewind_to(graph, tag)
-        loop do
-          action = pop!(graph)
-          raise "No tag #{tag.inspect} found" unless action
-          break if action.class.action_name == :tag && action.tag == tag
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      # Adds the given action to the log, running the action
-      # @param [DependencyGraph] graph
-      # @param [Action] action
-      # @return The value returned by `action.up`
-      def push_action(graph, action)
-        action.previous = @current_action
-        @current_action.next = action if @current_action
-        @current_action = action
-        @first_action ||= action
-        action.up(graph)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/set_payload.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/set_payload.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bcaaae0f9..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/set_payload.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # @see DependencyGraph#set_payload
-    class SetPayload < Action # :nodoc:
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action.action_name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :set_payload
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-        vertex = graph.vertex_named(name)
-        @old_payload = vertex.payload
-        vertex.payload = payload
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-        graph.vertex_named(name).payload = @old_payload
-      end
-
-      # @!group SetPayload
-
-      # @return [String] the name of the vertex
-      attr_reader :name
-
-      # @return [Object] the payload for the vertex
-      attr_reader :payload
-
-      # Initialize an action to add set the payload for a vertex in a dependency
-      # graph
-      # @param [String] name the name of the vertex
-      # @param [Object] payload the payload for the vertex
-      def initialize(name, payload)
-        @name = name
-        @payload = payload
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/tag.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/tag.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 62f243a2af..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/tag.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'action'
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # @!visibility private
-    # @see DependencyGraph#tag
-    class Tag < Action
-      # @!group Action
-
-      # (see Action.action_name)
-      def self.action_name
-        :tag
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#up)
-      def up(graph)
-      end
-
-      # (see Action#down)
-      def down(graph)
-      end
-
-      # @!group Tag
-
-      # @return [Object] An opaque tag
-      attr_reader :tag
-
-      # Initialize an action to tag a state of a dependency graph
-      # @param [Object] tag an opaque tag
-      def initialize(tag)
-        @tag = tag
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/vertex.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/vertex.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 074de369be..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/dependency_graph/vertex.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class DependencyGraph
-    # A vertex in a {DependencyGraph} that encapsulates a {#name} and a
-    # {#payload}
-    class Vertex
-      # @return [String] the name of the vertex
-      attr_accessor :name
-
-      # @return [Object] the payload the vertex holds
-      attr_accessor :payload
-
-      # @return [Array<Object>] the explicit requirements that required
-      #   this vertex
-      attr_reader :explicit_requirements
-
-      # @return [Boolean] whether the vertex is considered a root vertex
-      attr_accessor :root
-      alias root? root
-
-      # Initializes a vertex with the given name and payload.
-      # @param [String] name see {#name}
-      # @param [Object] payload see {#payload}
-      def initialize(name, payload)
-        @name = name.frozen? ? name : name.dup.freeze
-        @payload = payload
-        @explicit_requirements = []
-        @outgoing_edges = []
-        @incoming_edges = []
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array<Object>] all of the requirements that required
-      #   this vertex
-      def requirements
-        (incoming_edges.map(&:requirement) + explicit_requirements).uniq
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array<Edge>] the edges of {#graph} that have `self` as their
-      #   {Edge#origin}
-      attr_accessor :outgoing_edges
-
-      # @return [Array<Edge>] the edges of {#graph} that have `self` as their
-      #   {Edge#destination}
-      attr_accessor :incoming_edges
-
-      # @return [Array<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} that have an edge with
-      #   `self` as their {Edge#destination}
-      def predecessors
-        incoming_edges.map(&:origin)
-      end
-
-      # @return [Set<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} where `self` is a
-      #   {#descendent?}
-      def recursive_predecessors
-        _recursive_predecessors
-      end
-
-      # @param [Set<Vertex>] vertices the set to add the predecessors to
-      # @return [Set<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} where `self` is a
-      #   {#descendent?}
-      def _recursive_predecessors(vertices = new_vertex_set)
-        incoming_edges.each do |edge|
-          vertex = edge.origin
-          next unless vertices.add?(vertex)
-          vertex._recursive_predecessors(vertices)
-        end
-
-        vertices
-      end
-      protected :_recursive_predecessors
-
-      # @return [Array<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} that have an edge with
-      #   `self` as their {Edge#origin}
-      def successors
-        outgoing_edges.map(&:destination)
-      end
-
-      # @return [Set<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} where `self` is an
-      #   {#ancestor?}
-      def recursive_successors
-        _recursive_successors
-      end
-
-      # @param [Set<Vertex>] vertices the set to add the successors to
-      # @return [Set<Vertex>] the vertices of {#graph} where `self` is an
-      #   {#ancestor?}
-      def _recursive_successors(vertices = new_vertex_set)
-        outgoing_edges.each do |edge|
-          vertex = edge.destination
-          next unless vertices.add?(vertex)
-          vertex._recursive_successors(vertices)
-        end
-
-        vertices
-      end
-      protected :_recursive_successors
-
-      # @return [String] a string suitable for debugging
-      def inspect
-        "#{self.class}:#{name}(#{payload.inspect})"
-      end
-
-      # @return [Boolean] whether the two vertices are equal, determined
-      #   by a recursive traversal of each {Vertex#successors}
-      def ==(other)
-        return true if equal?(other)
-        shallow_eql?(other) &&
-          successors.to_set == other.successors.to_set
-      end
-
-      # @param  [Vertex] other the other vertex to compare to
-      # @return [Boolean] whether the two vertices are equal, determined
-      #   solely by {#name} and {#payload} equality
-      def shallow_eql?(other)
-        return true if equal?(other)
-        other &&
-          name == other.name &&
-          payload == other.payload
-      end
-
-      alias eql? ==
-
-      # @return [Fixnum] a hash for the vertex based upon its {#name}
-      def hash
-        name.hash
-      end
-
-      # Is there a path from `self` to `other` following edges in the
-      # dependency graph?
-      # @return whether there is a path following edges within this {#graph}
-      def path_to?(other)
-        _path_to?(other)
-      end
-
-      alias descendent? path_to?
-
-      # @param [Vertex] other the vertex to check if there's a path to
-      # @param [Set<Vertex>] visited the vertices of {#graph} that have been visited
-      # @return [Boolean] whether there is a path to `other` from `self`
-      def _path_to?(other, visited = new_vertex_set)
-        return false unless visited.add?(self)
-        return true if equal?(other)
-        successors.any? { |v| v._path_to?(other, visited) }
-      end
-      protected :_path_to?
-
-      # Is there a path from `other` to `self` following edges in the
-      # dependency graph?
-      # @return whether there is a path following edges within this {#graph}
-      def ancestor?(other)
-        other.path_to?(self)
-      end
-
-      alias is_reachable_from? ancestor?
-
-      def new_vertex_set
-        require 'set'
-        Set.new
-      end
-      private :new_vertex_set
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/errors.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/errors.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 07ea5fdf37..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/errors.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # An error that occurred during the resolution process
-  class ResolverError < StandardError; end
-
-  # An error caused by searching for a dependency that is completely unknown,
-  # i.e. has no versions available whatsoever.
-  class NoSuchDependencyError < ResolverError
-    # @return [Object] the dependency that could not be found
-    attr_accessor :dependency
-
-    # @return [Array<Object>] the specifications that depended upon {#dependency}
-    attr_accessor :required_by
-
-    # Initializes a new error with the given missing dependency.
-    # @param [Object] dependency @see {#dependency}
-    # @param [Array<Object>] required_by @see {#required_by}
-    def initialize(dependency, required_by = [])
-      @dependency = dependency
-      @required_by = required_by.uniq
-      super()
-    end
-
-    # The error message for the missing dependency, including the specifications
-    # that had this dependency.
-    def message
-      sources = required_by.map { |r| "`#{r}`" }.join(' and ')
-      message = "Unable to find a specification for `#{dependency}`"
-      message += " depended upon by #{sources}" unless sources.empty?
-      message
-    end
-  end
-
-  # An error caused by attempting to fulfil a dependency that was circular
-  #
-  # @note This exception will be thrown if and only if a {Vertex} is added to a
-  #   {DependencyGraph} that has a {DependencyGraph::Vertex#path_to?} an
-  #   existing {DependencyGraph::Vertex}
-  class CircularDependencyError < ResolverError
-    # [Set<Object>] the dependencies responsible for causing the error
-    attr_reader :dependencies
-
-    # Initializes a new error with the given circular vertices.
-    # @param [Array<DependencyGraph::Vertex>] vertices the vertices in the dependency
-    #   that caused the error
-    def initialize(vertices)
-      super "There is a circular dependency between #{vertices.map(&:name).join(' and ')}"
-      @dependencies = vertices.map { |vertex| vertex.payload.possibilities.last }.to_set
-    end
-  end
-
-  # An error caused by conflicts in version
-  class VersionConflict < ResolverError
-    # @return [{String => Resolution::Conflict}] the conflicts that caused
-    #   resolution to fail
-    attr_reader :conflicts
-
-    # @return [SpecificationProvider] the specification provider used during
-    #   resolution
-    attr_reader :specification_provider
-
-    # Initializes a new error with the given version conflicts.
-    # @param [{String => Resolution::Conflict}] conflicts see {#conflicts}
-    # @param [SpecificationProvider] specification_provider see {#specification_provider}
-    def initialize(conflicts, specification_provider)
-      pairs = []
-      conflicts.values.flat_map(&:requirements).each do |conflicting|
-        conflicting.each do |source, conflict_requirements|
-          conflict_requirements.each do |c|
-            pairs << [c, source]
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      super "Unable to satisfy the following requirements:\n\n" \
-        "#{pairs.map { |r, d| "- `#{r}` required by `#{d}`" }.join("\n")}"
-
-      @conflicts = conflicts
-      @specification_provider = specification_provider
-    end
-
-    require_relative 'delegates/specification_provider'
-    include Delegates::SpecificationProvider
-
-    # @return [String] An error message that includes requirement trees,
-    #   which is much more detailed & customizable than the default message
-    # @param [Hash] opts the options to create a message with.
-    # @option opts [String] :solver_name The user-facing name of the solver
-    # @option opts [String] :possibility_type The generic name of a possibility
-    # @option opts [Proc] :reduce_trees A proc that reduced the list of requirement trees
-    # @option opts [Proc] :printable_requirement A proc that pretty-prints requirements
-    # @option opts [Proc] :additional_message_for_conflict A proc that appends additional
-    #   messages for each conflict
-    # @option opts [Proc] :version_for_spec A proc that returns the version number for a
-    #   possibility
-    def message_with_trees(opts = {})
-      solver_name = opts.delete(:solver_name) { self.class.name.split('::').first }
-      possibility_type = opts.delete(:possibility_type) { 'possibility named' }
-      reduce_trees = opts.delete(:reduce_trees) { proc { |trees| trees.uniq.sort_by(&:to_s) } }
-      printable_requirement = opts.delete(:printable_requirement) { proc { |req| req.to_s } }
-      additional_message_for_conflict = opts.delete(:additional_message_for_conflict) { proc {} }
-      version_for_spec = opts.delete(:version_for_spec) { proc(&:to_s) }
-      incompatible_version_message_for_conflict = opts.delete(:incompatible_version_message_for_conflict) do
-        proc do |name, _conflict|
-          %(#{solver_name} could not find compatible versions for #{possibility_type} "#{name}":)
-        end
-      end
-
-      full_message_for_conflict = opts.delete(:full_message_for_conflict) do
-        proc do |name, conflict|
-          o = "\n".dup << incompatible_version_message_for_conflict.call(name, conflict) << "\n"
-          if conflict.locked_requirement
-            o << %(  In snapshot (#{name_for_locking_dependency_source}):\n)
-            o << %(    #{printable_requirement.call(conflict.locked_requirement)}\n)
-            o << %(\n)
-          end
-          o << %(  In #{name_for_explicit_dependency_source}:\n)
-          trees = reduce_trees.call(conflict.requirement_trees)
-
-          o << trees.map do |tree|
-            t = ''.dup
-            depth = 2
-            tree.each do |req|
-              t << '  ' * depth << printable_requirement.call(req)
-              unless tree.last == req
-                if spec = conflict.activated_by_name[name_for(req)]
-                  t << %( was resolved to #{version_for_spec.call(spec)}, which)
-                end
-                t << %( depends on)
-              end
-              t << %(\n)
-              depth += 1
-            end
-            t
-          end.join("\n")
-
-          additional_message_for_conflict.call(o, name, conflict)
-
-          o
-        end
-      end
-
-      conflicts.sort.reduce(''.dup) do |o, (name, conflict)|
-        o << full_message_for_conflict.call(name, conflict)
-      end.strip
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/gem_metadata.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/gem_metadata.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ed3a920a2..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/gem_metadata.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # The version of Gem::Molinillo.
-  VERSION = '0.8.0'.freeze
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/specification_provider.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/specification_provider.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 85860902fc..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/specification_provider.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # Provides information about specifications and dependencies to the resolver,
-  # allowing the {Resolver} class to remain generic while still providing power
-  # and flexibility.
-  #
-  # This module contains the methods that users of Gem::Molinillo must to implement,
-  # using knowledge of their own model classes.
-  module SpecificationProvider
-    # Search for the specifications that match the given dependency.
-    # The specifications in the returned array will be considered in reverse
-    # order, so the latest version ought to be last.
-    # @note This method should be 'pure', i.e. the return value should depend
-    #   only on the `dependency` parameter.
-    #
-    # @param [Object] dependency
-    # @return [Array<Object>] the specifications that satisfy the given
-    #   `dependency`.
-    def search_for(dependency)
-      []
-    end
-
-    # Returns the dependencies of `specification`.
-    # @note This method should be 'pure', i.e. the return value should depend
-    #   only on the `specification` parameter.
-    #
-    # @param [Object] specification
-    # @return [Array<Object>] the dependencies that are required by the given
-    #   `specification`.
-    def dependencies_for(specification)
-      []
-    end
-
-    # Determines whether the given `requirement` is satisfied by the given
-    # `spec`, in the context of the current `activated` dependency graph.
-    #
-    # @param [Object] requirement
-    # @param [DependencyGraph] activated the current dependency graph in the
-    #   resolution process.
-    # @param [Object] spec
-    # @return [Boolean] whether `requirement` is satisfied by `spec` in the
-    #   context of the current `activated` dependency graph.
-    def requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, spec)
-      true
-    end
-
-    # Determines whether two arrays of dependencies are equal, and thus can be
-    # grouped.
-    #
-    # @param [Array<Object>] dependencies
-    # @param [Array<Object>] other_dependencies
-    # @return [Boolean] whether `dependencies` and `other_dependencies` should
-    #   be considered equal.
-    def dependencies_equal?(dependencies, other_dependencies)
-      dependencies == other_dependencies
-    end
-
-    # Returns the name for the given `dependency`.
-    # @note This method should be 'pure', i.e. the return value should depend
-    #   only on the `dependency` parameter.
-    #
-    # @param [Object] dependency
-    # @return [String] the name for the given `dependency`.
-    def name_for(dependency)
-      dependency.to_s
-    end
-
-    # @return [String] the name of the source of explicit dependencies, i.e.
-    #   those passed to {Resolver#resolve} directly.
-    def name_for_explicit_dependency_source
-      'user-specified dependency'
-    end
-
-    # @return [String] the name of the source of 'locked' dependencies, i.e.
-    #   those passed to {Resolver#resolve} directly as the `base`
-    def name_for_locking_dependency_source
-      'Lockfile'
-    end
-
-    # Sort dependencies so that the ones that are easiest to resolve are first.
-    # Easiest to resolve is (usually) defined by:
-    #   1) Is this dependency already activated?
-    #   2) How relaxed are the requirements?
-    #   3) Are there any conflicts for this dependency?
-    #   4) How many possibilities are there to satisfy this dependency?
-    #
-    # @param [Array<Object>] dependencies
-    # @param [DependencyGraph] activated the current dependency graph in the
-    #   resolution process.
-    # @param [{String => Array<Conflict>}] conflicts
-    # @return [Array<Object>] a sorted copy of `dependencies`.
-    def sort_dependencies(dependencies, activated, conflicts)
-      dependencies.sort_by do |dependency|
-        name = name_for(dependency)
-        [
-          activated.vertex_named(name).payload ? 0 : 1,
-          conflicts[name] ? 0 : 1,
-        ]
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Returns whether this dependency, which has no possible matching
-    # specifications, can safely be ignored.
-    #
-    # @param [Object] dependency
-    # @return [Boolean] whether this dependency can safely be skipped.
-    def allow_missing?(dependency)
-      false
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 464722902e..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # Conveys information about the resolution process to a user.
-  module UI
-    # The {IO} object that should be used to print output. `STDOUT`, by default.
-    #
-    # @return [IO]
-    def output
-      STDOUT
-    end
-
-    # Called roughly every {#progress_rate}, this method should convey progress
-    # to the user.
-    #
-    # @return [void]
-    def indicate_progress
-      output.print '.' unless debug?
-    end
-
-    # How often progress should be conveyed to the user via
-    # {#indicate_progress}, in seconds. A third of a second, by default.
-    #
-    # @return [Float]
-    def progress_rate
-      0.33
-    end
-
-    # Called before resolution begins.
-    #
-    # @return [void]
-    def before_resolution
-      output.print 'Resolving dependencies...'
-    end
-
-    # Called after resolution ends (either successfully or with an error).
-    # By default, prints a newline.
-    #
-    # @return [void]
-    def after_resolution
-      output.puts
-    end
-
-    # Conveys debug information to the user.
-    #
-    # @param [Integer] depth the current depth of the resolution process.
-    # @return [void]
-    def debug(depth = 0)
-      if debug?
-        debug_info = yield
-        debug_info = debug_info.inspect unless debug_info.is_a?(String)
-        debug_info = debug_info.split("\n").map { |s| ":#{depth.to_s.rjust 4}: #{s}" }
-        output.puts debug_info
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Whether or not debug messages should be printed.
-    # By default, whether or not the `MOLINILLO_DEBUG` environment variable is
-    # set.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    def debug?
-      return @debug_mode if defined?(@debug_mode)
-      @debug_mode = ENV['MOLINILLO_DEBUG']
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolution.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolution.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 84ec6cb095..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolution.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,839 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  class Resolver
-    # A specific resolution from a given {Resolver}
-    class Resolution
-      # A conflict that the resolution process encountered
-      # @attr [Object] requirement the requirement that immediately led to the conflict
-      # @attr [{String,Nil=>[Object]}] requirements the requirements that caused the conflict
-      # @attr [Object, nil] existing the existing spec that was in conflict with
-      #   the {#possibility}
-      # @attr [Object] possibility_set the set of specs that was unable to be
-      #   activated due to a conflict.
-      # @attr [Object] locked_requirement the relevant locking requirement.
-      # @attr [Array<Array<Object>>] requirement_trees the different requirement
-      #   trees that led to every requirement for the conflicting name.
-      # @attr [{String=>Object}] activated_by_name the already-activated specs.
-      # @attr [Object] underlying_error an error that has occurred during resolution, and
-      #    will be raised at the end of it if no resolution is found.
-      Conflict = Struct.new(
-        :requirement,
-        :requirements,
-        :existing,
-        :possibility_set,
-        :locked_requirement,
-        :requirement_trees,
-        :activated_by_name,
-        :underlying_error
-      )
-
-      class Conflict
-        # @return [Object] a spec that was unable to be activated due to a conflict
-        def possibility
-          possibility_set && possibility_set.latest_version
-        end
-      end
-
-      # A collection of possibility states that share the same dependencies
-      # @attr [Array] dependencies the dependencies for this set of possibilities
-      # @attr [Array] possibilities the possibilities
-      PossibilitySet = Struct.new(:dependencies, :possibilities)
-
-      class PossibilitySet
-        # String representation of the possibility set, for debugging
-        def to_s
-          "[#{possibilities.join(', ')}]"
-        end
-
-        # @return [Object] most up-to-date dependency in the possibility set
-        def latest_version
-          possibilities.last
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Details of the state to unwind to when a conflict occurs, and the cause of the unwind
-      # @attr [Integer] state_index the index of the state to unwind to
-      # @attr [Object] state_requirement the requirement of the state we're unwinding to
-      # @attr [Array] requirement_tree for the requirement we're relaxing
-      # @attr [Array] conflicting_requirements the requirements that combined to cause the conflict
-      # @attr [Array] requirement_trees for the conflict
-      # @attr [Array] requirements_unwound_to_instead array of unwind requirements that were chosen over this unwind
-      UnwindDetails = Struct.new(
-        :state_index,
-        :state_requirement,
-        :requirement_tree,
-        :conflicting_requirements,
-        :requirement_trees,
-        :requirements_unwound_to_instead
-      )
-
-      class UnwindDetails
-        include Comparable
-
-        # We compare UnwindDetails when choosing which state to unwind to. If
-        # two options have the same state_index we prefer the one most
-        # removed from a requirement that caused the conflict. Both options
-        # would unwind to the same state, but a `grandparent` option will
-        # filter out fewer of its possibilities after doing so - where a state
-        # is both a `parent` and a `grandparent` to requirements that have
-        # caused a conflict this is the correct behaviour.
-        # @param [UnwindDetail] other UnwindDetail to be compared
-        # @return [Integer] integer specifying ordering
-        def <=>(other)
-          if state_index > other.state_index
-            1
-          elsif state_index == other.state_index
-            reversed_requirement_tree_index <=> other.reversed_requirement_tree_index
-          else
-            -1
-          end
-        end
-
-        # @return [Integer] index of state requirement in reversed requirement tree
-        #    (the conflicting requirement itself will be at position 0)
-        def reversed_requirement_tree_index
-          @reversed_requirement_tree_index ||=
-            if state_requirement
-              requirement_tree.reverse.index(state_requirement)
-            else
-              999_999
-            end
-        end
-
-        # @return [Boolean] where the requirement of the state we're unwinding
-        #    to directly caused the conflict. Note: in this case, it is
-        #    impossible for the state we're unwinding to be a parent of
-        #    any of the other conflicting requirements (or we would have
-        #    circularity)
-        def unwinding_to_primary_requirement?
-          requirement_tree.last == state_requirement
-        end
-
-        # @return [Array] array of sub-dependencies to avoid when choosing a
-        #    new possibility for the state we've unwound to. Only relevant for
-        #    non-primary unwinds
-        def sub_dependencies_to_avoid
-          @requirements_to_avoid ||=
-            requirement_trees.map do |tree|
-              index = tree.index(state_requirement)
-              tree[index + 1] if index
-            end.compact
-        end
-
-        # @return [Array] array of all the requirements that led to the need for
-        #    this unwind
-        def all_requirements
-          @all_requirements ||= requirement_trees.flatten(1)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @return [SpecificationProvider] the provider that knows about
-      #   dependencies, requirements, specifications, versions, etc.
-      attr_reader :specification_provider
-
-      # @return [UI] the UI that knows how to communicate feedback about the
-      #   resolution process back to the user
-      attr_reader :resolver_ui
-
-      # @return [DependencyGraph] the base dependency graph to which
-      #   dependencies should be 'locked'
-      attr_reader :base
-
-      # @return [Array] the dependencies that were explicitly required
-      attr_reader :original_requested
-
-      # Initializes a new resolution.
-      # @param [SpecificationProvider] specification_provider
-      #   see {#specification_provider}
-      # @param [UI] resolver_ui see {#resolver_ui}
-      # @param [Array] requested see {#original_requested}
-      # @param [DependencyGraph] base see {#base}
-      def initialize(specification_provider, resolver_ui, requested, base)
-        @specification_provider = specification_provider
-        @resolver_ui = resolver_ui
-        @original_requested = requested
-        @base = base
-        @states = []
-        @iteration_counter = 0
-        @parents_of = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
-      end
-
-      # Resolves the {#original_requested} dependencies into a full dependency
-      #   graph
-      # @raise [ResolverError] if successful resolution is impossible
-      # @return [DependencyGraph] the dependency graph of successfully resolved
-      #   dependencies
-      def resolve
-        start_resolution
-
-        while state
-          break if !state.requirement && state.requirements.empty?
-          indicate_progress
-          if state.respond_to?(:pop_possibility_state) # DependencyState
-            debug(depth) { "Creating possibility state for #{requirement} (#{possibilities.count} remaining)" }
-            state.pop_possibility_state.tap do |s|
-              if s
-                states.push(s)
-                activated.tag(s)
-              end
-            end
-          end
-          process_topmost_state
-        end
-
-        resolve_activated_specs
-      ensure
-        end_resolution
-      end
-
-      # @return [Integer] the number of resolver iterations in between calls to
-      #   {#resolver_ui}'s {UI#indicate_progress} method
-      attr_accessor :iteration_rate
-      private :iteration_rate
-
-      # @return [Time] the time at which resolution began
-      attr_accessor :started_at
-      private :started_at
-
-      # @return [Array<ResolutionState>] the stack of states for the resolution
-      attr_accessor :states
-      private :states
-
-      private
-
-      # Sets up the resolution process
-      # @return [void]
-      def start_resolution
-        @started_at = Time.now
-
-        push_initial_state
-
-        debug { "Starting resolution (#{@started_at})\nUser-requested dependencies: #{original_requested}" }
-        resolver_ui.before_resolution
-      end
-
-      def resolve_activated_specs
-        activated.vertices.each do |_, vertex|
-          next unless vertex.payload
-
-          latest_version = vertex.payload.possibilities.reverse_each.find do |possibility|
-            vertex.requirements.all? { |req| requirement_satisfied_by?(req, activated, possibility) }
-          end
-
-          activated.set_payload(vertex.name, latest_version)
-        end
-        activated.freeze
-      end
-
-      # Ends the resolution process
-      # @return [void]
-      def end_resolution
-        resolver_ui.after_resolution
-        debug do
-          "Finished resolution (#{@iteration_counter} steps) " \
-          "(Took #{(ended_at = Time.now) - @started_at} seconds) (#{ended_at})"
-        end
-        debug { 'Unactivated: ' + Hash[activated.vertices.reject { |_n, v| v.payload }].keys.join(', ') } if state
-        debug { 'Activated: ' + Hash[activated.vertices.select { |_n, v| v.payload }].keys.join(', ') } if state
-      end
-
-      require_relative 'state'
-      require_relative 'modules/specification_provider'
-
-      require_relative 'delegates/resolution_state'
-      require_relative 'delegates/specification_provider'
-
-      include Gem::Molinillo::Delegates::ResolutionState
-      include Gem::Molinillo::Delegates::SpecificationProvider
-
-      # Processes the topmost available {RequirementState} on the stack
-      # @return [void]
-      def process_topmost_state
-        if possibility
-          attempt_to_activate
-        else
-          create_conflict
-          unwind_for_conflict
-        end
-      rescue CircularDependencyError => underlying_error
-        create_conflict(underlying_error)
-        unwind_for_conflict
-      end
-
-      # @return [Object] the current possibility that the resolution is trying
-      #   to activate
-      def possibility
-        possibilities.last
-      end
-
-      # @return [RequirementState] the current state the resolution is
-      #   operating upon
-      def state
-        states.last
-      end
-
-      # Creates and pushes the initial state for the resolution, based upon the
-      # {#requested} dependencies
-      # @return [void]
-      def push_initial_state
-        graph = DependencyGraph.new.tap do |dg|
-          original_requested.each do |requested|
-            vertex = dg.add_vertex(name_for(requested), nil, true)
-            vertex.explicit_requirements << requested
-          end
-          dg.tag(:initial_state)
-        end
-
-        push_state_for_requirements(original_requested, true, graph)
-      end
-
-      # Unwinds the states stack because a conflict has been encountered
-      # @return [void]
-      def unwind_for_conflict
-        details_for_unwind = build_details_for_unwind
-        unwind_options = unused_unwind_options
-        debug(depth) { "Unwinding for conflict: #{requirement} to #{details_for_unwind.state_index / 2}" }
-        conflicts.tap do |c|
-          sliced_states = states.slice!((details_for_unwind.state_index + 1)..-1)
-          raise_error_unless_state(c)
-          activated.rewind_to(sliced_states.first || :initial_state) if sliced_states
-          state.conflicts = c
-          state.unused_unwind_options = unwind_options
-          filter_possibilities_after_unwind(details_for_unwind)
-          index = states.size - 1
-          @parents_of.each { |_, a| a.reject! { |i| i >= index } }
-          state.unused_unwind_options.reject! { |uw| uw.state_index >= index }
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Raises a VersionConflict error, or any underlying error, if there is no
-      # current state
-      # @return [void]
-      def raise_error_unless_state(conflicts)
-        return if state
-
-        error = conflicts.values.map(&:underlying_error).compact.first
-        raise error || VersionConflict.new(conflicts, specification_provider)
-      end
-
-      # @return [UnwindDetails] Details of the nearest index to which we could unwind
-      def build_details_for_unwind
-        # Get the possible unwinds for the current conflict
-        current_conflict = conflicts[name]
-        binding_requirements = binding_requirements_for_conflict(current_conflict)
-        unwind_details = unwind_options_for_requirements(binding_requirements)
-
-        last_detail_for_current_unwind = unwind_details.sort.last
-        current_detail = last_detail_for_current_unwind
-
-        # Look for past conflicts that could be unwound to affect the
-        # requirement tree for the current conflict
-        all_reqs = last_detail_for_current_unwind.all_requirements
-        all_reqs_size = all_reqs.size
-        relevant_unused_unwinds = unused_unwind_options.select do |alternative|
-          diff_reqs = all_reqs - alternative.requirements_unwound_to_instead
-          next if diff_reqs.size == all_reqs_size
-          # Find the highest index unwind whilst looping through
-          current_detail = alternative if alternative > current_detail
-          alternative
-        end
-
-        # Add the current unwind options to the `unused_unwind_options` array.
-        # The "used" option will be filtered out during `unwind_for_conflict`.
-        state.unused_unwind_options += unwind_details.reject { |detail| detail.state_index == -1 }
-
-        # Update the requirements_unwound_to_instead on any relevant unused unwinds
-        relevant_unused_unwinds.each do |d|
-          (d.requirements_unwound_to_instead << current_detail.state_requirement).uniq!
-        end
-        unwind_details.each do |d|
-          (d.requirements_unwound_to_instead << current_detail.state_requirement).uniq!
-        end
-
-        current_detail
-      end
-
-      # @param [Array<Object>] binding_requirements array of requirements that combine to create a conflict
-      # @return [Array<UnwindDetails>] array of UnwindDetails that have a chance
-      #    of resolving the passed requirements
-      def unwind_options_for_requirements(binding_requirements)
-        unwind_details = []
-
-        trees = []
-        binding_requirements.reverse_each do |r|
-          partial_tree = [r]
-          trees << partial_tree
-          unwind_details << UnwindDetails.new(-1, nil, partial_tree, binding_requirements, trees, [])
-
-          # If this requirement has alternative possibilities, check if any would
-          # satisfy the other requirements that created this conflict
-          requirement_state = find_state_for(r)
-          if conflict_fixing_possibilities?(requirement_state, binding_requirements)
-            unwind_details << UnwindDetails.new(
-              states.index(requirement_state),
-              r,
-              partial_tree,
-              binding_requirements,
-              trees,
-              []
-            )
-          end
-
-          # Next, look at the parent of this requirement, and check if the requirement
-          # could have been avoided if an alternative PossibilitySet had been chosen
-          parent_r = parent_of(r)
-          next if parent_r.nil?
-          partial_tree.unshift(parent_r)
-          requirement_state = find_state_for(parent_r)
-          if requirement_state.possibilities.any? { |set| !set.dependencies.include?(r) }
-            unwind_details << UnwindDetails.new(
-              states.index(requirement_state),
-              parent_r,
-              partial_tree,
-              binding_requirements,
-              trees,
-              []
-            )
-          end
-
-          # Finally, look at the grandparent and up of this requirement, looking
-          # for any possibilities that wouldn't create their parent requirement
-          grandparent_r = parent_of(parent_r)
-          until grandparent_r.nil?
-            partial_tree.unshift(grandparent_r)
-            requirement_state = find_state_for(grandparent_r)
-            if requirement_state.possibilities.any? { |set| !set.dependencies.include?(parent_r) }
-              unwind_details << UnwindDetails.new(
-                states.index(requirement_state),
-                grandparent_r,
-                partial_tree,
-                binding_requirements,
-                trees,
-                []
-              )
-            end
-            parent_r = grandparent_r
-            grandparent_r = parent_of(parent_r)
-          end
-        end
-
-        unwind_details
-      end
-
-      # @param [DependencyState] state
-      # @param [Array] binding_requirements array of requirements
-      # @return [Boolean] whether or not the given state has any possibilities
-      #    that could satisfy the given requirements
-      def conflict_fixing_possibilities?(state, binding_requirements)
-        return false unless state
-
-        state.possibilities.any? do |possibility_set|
-          possibility_set.possibilities.any? do |poss|
-            possibility_satisfies_requirements?(poss, binding_requirements)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Filter's a state's possibilities to remove any that would not fix the
-      # conflict we've just rewound from
-      # @param [UnwindDetails] unwind_details details of the conflict just
-      #   unwound from
-      # @return [void]
-      def filter_possibilities_after_unwind(unwind_details)
-        return unless state && !state.possibilities.empty?
-
-        if unwind_details.unwinding_to_primary_requirement?
-          filter_possibilities_for_primary_unwind(unwind_details)
-        else
-          filter_possibilities_for_parent_unwind(unwind_details)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Filter's a state's possibilities to remove any that would not satisfy
-      # the requirements in the conflict we've just rewound from
-      # @param [UnwindDetails] unwind_details details of the conflict just unwound from
-      # @return [void]
-      def filter_possibilities_for_primary_unwind(unwind_details)
-        unwinds_to_state = unused_unwind_options.select { |uw| uw.state_index == unwind_details.state_index }
-        unwinds_to_state << unwind_details
-        unwind_requirement_sets = unwinds_to_state.map(&:conflicting_requirements)
-
-        state.possibilities.reject! do |possibility_set|
-          possibility_set.possibilities.none? do |poss|
-            unwind_requirement_sets.any? do |requirements|
-              possibility_satisfies_requirements?(poss, requirements)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] possibility a single possibility
-      # @param [Array] requirements an array of requirements
-      # @return [Boolean] whether the possibility satisfies all of the
-      #    given requirements
-      def possibility_satisfies_requirements?(possibility, requirements)
-        name = name_for(possibility)
-
-        activated.tag(:swap)
-        activated.set_payload(name, possibility) if activated.vertex_named(name)
-        satisfied = requirements.all? { |r| requirement_satisfied_by?(r, activated, possibility) }
-        activated.rewind_to(:swap)
-
-        satisfied
-      end
-
-      # Filter's a state's possibilities to remove any that would (eventually)
-      # create a requirement in the conflict we've just rewound from
-      # @param [UnwindDetails] unwind_details details of the conflict just unwound from
-      # @return [void]
-      def filter_possibilities_for_parent_unwind(unwind_details)
-        unwinds_to_state = unused_unwind_options.select { |uw| uw.state_index == unwind_details.state_index }
-        unwinds_to_state << unwind_details
-
-        primary_unwinds = unwinds_to_state.select(&:unwinding_to_primary_requirement?).uniq
-        parent_unwinds = unwinds_to_state.uniq - primary_unwinds
-
-        allowed_possibility_sets = primary_unwinds.flat_map do |unwind|
-          states[unwind.state_index].possibilities.select do |possibility_set|
-            possibility_set.possibilities.any? do |poss|
-              possibility_satisfies_requirements?(poss, unwind.conflicting_requirements)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        requirements_to_avoid = parent_unwinds.flat_map(&:sub_dependencies_to_avoid)
-
-        state.possibilities.reject! do |possibility_set|
-          !allowed_possibility_sets.include?(possibility_set) &&
-            (requirements_to_avoid - possibility_set.dependencies).empty?
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @param [Conflict] conflict
-      # @return [Array] minimal array of requirements that would cause the passed
-      #    conflict to occur.
-      def binding_requirements_for_conflict(conflict)
-        return [conflict.requirement] if conflict.possibility.nil?
-
-        possible_binding_requirements = conflict.requirements.values.flatten(1).uniq
-
-        # When there's a `CircularDependency` error the conflicting requirement
-        # (the one causing the circular) won't be `conflict.requirement`
-        # (which won't be for the right state, because we won't have created it,
-        # because it's circular).
-        # We need to make sure we have that requirement in the conflict's list,
-        # otherwise we won't be able to unwind properly, so we just return all
-        # the requirements for the conflict.
-        return possible_binding_requirements if conflict.underlying_error
-
-        possibilities = search_for(conflict.requirement)
-
-        # If all the requirements together don't filter out all possibilities,
-        # then the only two requirements we need to consider are the initial one
-        # (where the dependency's version was first chosen) and the last
-        if binding_requirement_in_set?(nil, possible_binding_requirements, possibilities)
-          return [conflict.requirement, requirement_for_existing_name(name_for(conflict.requirement))].compact
-        end
-
-        # Loop through the possible binding requirements, removing each one
-        # that doesn't bind. Use a `reverse_each` as we want the earliest set of
-        # binding requirements, and don't use `reject!` as we wish to refine the
-        # array *on each iteration*.
-        binding_requirements = possible_binding_requirements.dup
-        possible_binding_requirements.reverse_each do |req|
-          next if req == conflict.requirement
-          unless binding_requirement_in_set?(req, binding_requirements, possibilities)
-            binding_requirements -= [req]
-          end
-        end
-
-        binding_requirements
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] requirement we wish to check
-      # @param [Array] possible_binding_requirements array of requirements
-      # @param [Array] possibilities array of possibilities the requirements will be used to filter
-      # @return [Boolean] whether or not the given requirement is required to filter
-      #    out all elements of the array of possibilities.
-      def binding_requirement_in_set?(requirement, possible_binding_requirements, possibilities)
-        possibilities.any? do |poss|
-          possibility_satisfies_requirements?(poss, possible_binding_requirements - [requirement])
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] requirement
-      # @return [Object] the requirement that led to `requirement` being added
-      #   to the list of requirements.
-      def parent_of(requirement)
-        return unless requirement
-        return unless index = @parents_of[requirement].last
-        return unless parent_state = @states[index]
-        parent_state.requirement
-      end
-
-      # @param [String] name
-      # @return [Object] the requirement that led to a version of a possibility
-      #   with the given name being activated.
-      def requirement_for_existing_name(name)
-        return nil unless vertex = activated.vertex_named(name)
-        return nil unless vertex.payload
-        states.find { |s| s.name == name }.requirement
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] requirement
-      # @return [ResolutionState] the state whose `requirement` is the given
-      #   `requirement`.
-      def find_state_for(requirement)
-        return nil unless requirement
-        states.find { |i| requirement == i.requirement }
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] underlying_error
-      # @return [Conflict] a {Conflict} that reflects the failure to activate
-      #   the {#possibility} in conjunction with the current {#state}
-      def create_conflict(underlying_error = nil)
-        vertex = activated.vertex_named(name)
-        locked_requirement = locked_requirement_named(name)
-
-        requirements = {}
-        unless vertex.explicit_requirements.empty?
-          requirements[name_for_explicit_dependency_source] = vertex.explicit_requirements
-        end
-        requirements[name_for_locking_dependency_source] = [locked_requirement] if locked_requirement
-        vertex.incoming_edges.each do |edge|
-          (requirements[edge.origin.payload.latest_version] ||= []).unshift(edge.requirement)
-        end
-
-        activated_by_name = {}
-        activated.each { |v| activated_by_name[v.name] = v.payload.latest_version if v.payload }
-        conflicts[name] = Conflict.new(
-          requirement,
-          requirements,
-          vertex.payload && vertex.payload.latest_version,
-          possibility,
-          locked_requirement,
-          requirement_trees,
-          activated_by_name,
-          underlying_error
-        )
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array<Array<Object>>] The different requirement
-      #   trees that led to every requirement for the current spec.
-      def requirement_trees
-        vertex = activated.vertex_named(name)
-        vertex.requirements.map { |r| requirement_tree_for(r) }
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] requirement
-      # @return [Array<Object>] the list of requirements that led to
-      #   `requirement` being required.
-      def requirement_tree_for(requirement)
-        tree = []
-        while requirement
-          tree.unshift(requirement)
-          requirement = parent_of(requirement)
-        end
-        tree
-      end
-
-      # Indicates progress roughly once every second
-      # @return [void]
-      def indicate_progress
-        @iteration_counter += 1
-        @progress_rate ||= resolver_ui.progress_rate
-        if iteration_rate.nil?
-          if Time.now - started_at >= @progress_rate
-            self.iteration_rate = @iteration_counter
-          end
-        end
-
-        if iteration_rate && (@iteration_counter % iteration_rate) == 0
-          resolver_ui.indicate_progress
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Calls the {#resolver_ui}'s {UI#debug} method
-      # @param [Integer] depth the depth of the {#states} stack
-      # @param [Proc] block a block that yields a {#to_s}
-      # @return [void]
-      def debug(depth = 0, &block)
-        resolver_ui.debug(depth, &block)
-      end
-
-      # Attempts to activate the current {#possibility}
-      # @return [void]
-      def attempt_to_activate
-        debug(depth) { 'Attempting to activate ' + possibility.to_s }
-        existing_vertex = activated.vertex_named(name)
-        if existing_vertex.payload
-          debug(depth) { "Found existing spec (#{existing_vertex.payload})" }
-          attempt_to_filter_existing_spec(existing_vertex)
-        else
-          latest = possibility.latest_version
-          possibility.possibilities.select! do |possibility|
-            requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, possibility)
-          end
-          if possibility.latest_version.nil?
-            # ensure there's a possibility for better error messages
-            possibility.possibilities << latest if latest
-            create_conflict
-            unwind_for_conflict
-          else
-            activate_new_spec
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Attempts to update the existing vertex's `PossibilitySet` with a filtered version
-      # @return [void]
-      def attempt_to_filter_existing_spec(vertex)
-        filtered_set = filtered_possibility_set(vertex)
-        if !filtered_set.possibilities.empty?
-          activated.set_payload(name, filtered_set)
-          new_requirements = requirements.dup
-          push_state_for_requirements(new_requirements, false)
-        else
-          create_conflict
-          debug(depth) { "Unsatisfied by existing spec (#{vertex.payload})" }
-          unwind_for_conflict
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Generates a filtered version of the existing vertex's `PossibilitySet` using the
-      # current state's `requirement`
-      # @param [Object] vertex existing vertex
-      # @return [PossibilitySet] filtered possibility set
-      def filtered_possibility_set(vertex)
-        PossibilitySet.new(vertex.payload.dependencies, vertex.payload.possibilities & possibility.possibilities)
-      end
-
-      # @param [String] requirement_name the spec name to search for
-      # @return [Object] the locked spec named `requirement_name`, if one
-      #   is found on {#base}
-      def locked_requirement_named(requirement_name)
-        vertex = base.vertex_named(requirement_name)
-        vertex && vertex.payload
-      end
-
-      # Add the current {#possibility} to the dependency graph of the current
-      # {#state}
-      # @return [void]
-      def activate_new_spec
-        conflicts.delete(name)
-        debug(depth) { "Activated #{name} at #{possibility}" }
-        activated.set_payload(name, possibility)
-        require_nested_dependencies_for(possibility)
-      end
-
-      # Requires the dependencies that the recently activated spec has
-      # @param [Object] possibility_set the PossibilitySet that has just been
-      #   activated
-      # @return [void]
-      def require_nested_dependencies_for(possibility_set)
-        nested_dependencies = dependencies_for(possibility_set.latest_version)
-        debug(depth) { "Requiring nested dependencies (#{nested_dependencies.join(', ')})" }
-        nested_dependencies.each do |d|
-          activated.add_child_vertex(name_for(d), nil, [name_for(possibility_set.latest_version)], d)
-          parent_index = states.size - 1
-          parents = @parents_of[d]
-          parents << parent_index if parents.empty?
-        end
-
-        push_state_for_requirements(requirements + nested_dependencies, !nested_dependencies.empty?)
-      end
-
-      # Pushes a new {DependencyState} that encapsulates both existing and new
-      # requirements
-      # @param [Array] new_requirements
-      # @param [Boolean] requires_sort
-      # @param [Object] new_activated
-      # @return [void]
-      def push_state_for_requirements(new_requirements, requires_sort = true, new_activated = activated)
-        new_requirements = sort_dependencies(new_requirements.uniq, new_activated, conflicts) if requires_sort
-        new_requirement = nil
-        loop do
-          new_requirement = new_requirements.shift
-          break if new_requirement.nil? || states.none? { |s| s.requirement == new_requirement }
-        end
-        new_name = new_requirement ? name_for(new_requirement) : ''.freeze
-        possibilities = possibilities_for_requirement(new_requirement)
-        handle_missing_or_push_dependency_state DependencyState.new(
-          new_name, new_requirements, new_activated,
-          new_requirement, possibilities, depth, conflicts.dup, unused_unwind_options.dup
-        )
-      end
-
-      # Checks a proposed requirement with any existing locked requirement
-      # before generating an array of possibilities for it.
-      # @param [Object] requirement the proposed requirement
-      # @param [Object] activated
-      # @return [Array] possibilities
-      def possibilities_for_requirement(requirement, activated = self.activated)
-        return [] unless requirement
-        if locked_requirement_named(name_for(requirement))
-          return locked_requirement_possibility_set(requirement, activated)
-        end
-
-        group_possibilities(search_for(requirement))
-      end
-
-      # @param [Object] requirement the proposed requirement
-      # @param [Object] activated
-      # @return [Array] possibility set containing only the locked requirement, if any
-      def locked_requirement_possibility_set(requirement, activated = self.activated)
-        all_possibilities = search_for(requirement)
-        locked_requirement = locked_requirement_named(name_for(requirement))
-
-        # Longwinded way to build a possibilities array with either the locked
-        # requirement or nothing in it. Required, since the API for
-        # locked_requirement isn't guaranteed.
-        locked_possibilities = all_possibilities.select do |possibility|
-          requirement_satisfied_by?(locked_requirement, activated, possibility)
-        end
-
-        group_possibilities(locked_possibilities)
-      end
-
-      # Build an array of PossibilitySets, with each element representing a group of
-      # dependency versions that all have the same sub-dependency version constraints
-      # and are contiguous.
-      # @param [Array] possibilities an array of possibilities
-      # @return [Array<PossibilitySet>] an array of possibility sets
-      def group_possibilities(possibilities)
-        possibility_sets = []
-        current_possibility_set = nil
-
-        possibilities.reverse_each do |possibility|
-          dependencies = dependencies_for(possibility)
-          if current_possibility_set && dependencies_equal?(current_possibility_set.dependencies, dependencies)
-            current_possibility_set.possibilities.unshift(possibility)
-          else
-            possibility_sets.unshift(PossibilitySet.new(dependencies, [possibility]))
-            current_possibility_set = possibility_sets.first
-          end
-        end
-
-        possibility_sets
-      end
-
-      # Pushes a new {DependencyState}.
-      # If the {#specification_provider} says to
-      # {SpecificationProvider#allow_missing?} that particular requirement, and
-      # there are no possibilities for that requirement, then `state` is not
-      # pushed, and the vertex in {#activated} is removed, and we continue
-      # resolving the remaining requirements.
-      # @param [DependencyState] state
-      # @return [void]
-      def handle_missing_or_push_dependency_state(state)
-        if state.requirement && state.possibilities.empty? && allow_missing?(state.requirement)
-          state.activated.detach_vertex_named(state.name)
-          push_state_for_requirements(state.requirements.dup, false, state.activated)
-        else
-          states.push(state).tap { activated.tag(state) }
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolver.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolver.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 86229c3fa1..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolver.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative 'dependency_graph'
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # This class encapsulates a dependency resolver.
-  # The resolver is responsible for determining which set of dependencies to
-  # activate, with feedback from the {#specification_provider}
-  #
-  #
-  class Resolver
-    require_relative 'resolution'
-
-    # @return [SpecificationProvider] the specification provider used
-    #   in the resolution process
-    attr_reader :specification_provider
-
-    # @return [UI] the UI module used to communicate back to the user
-    #   during the resolution process
-    attr_reader :resolver_ui
-
-    # Initializes a new resolver.
-    # @param  [SpecificationProvider] specification_provider
-    #   see {#specification_provider}
-    # @param  [UI] resolver_ui
-    #   see {#resolver_ui}
-    def initialize(specification_provider, resolver_ui)
-      @specification_provider = specification_provider
-      @resolver_ui = resolver_ui
-    end
-
-    # Resolves the requested dependencies into a {DependencyGraph},
-    # locking to the base dependency graph (if specified)
-    # @param [Array] requested an array of 'requested' dependencies that the
-    #   {#specification_provider} can understand
-    # @param [DependencyGraph,nil] base the base dependency graph to which
-    #   dependencies should be 'locked'
-    def resolve(requested, base = DependencyGraph.new)
-      Resolution.new(specification_provider,
-                     resolver_ui,
-                     requested,
-                     base).
-        resolve
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/state.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/state.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c48ec6af9c..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/state.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Gem::Molinillo
-  # A state that a {Resolution} can be in
-  # @attr [String] name the name of the current requirement
-  # @attr [Array<Object>] requirements currently unsatisfied requirements
-  # @attr [DependencyGraph] activated the graph of activated dependencies
-  # @attr [Object] requirement the current requirement
-  # @attr [Object] possibilities the possibilities to satisfy the current requirement
-  # @attr [Integer] depth the depth of the resolution
-  # @attr [Hash] conflicts unresolved conflicts, indexed by dependency name
-  # @attr [Array<UnwindDetails>] unused_unwind_options unwinds for previous conflicts that weren't explored
-  ResolutionState = Struct.new(
-    :name,
-    :requirements,
-    :activated,
-    :requirement,
-    :possibilities,
-    :depth,
-    :conflicts,
-    :unused_unwind_options
-  )
-
-  class ResolutionState
-    # Returns an empty resolution state
-    # @return [ResolutionState] an empty state
-    def self.empty
-      new(nil, [], DependencyGraph.new, nil, nil, 0, {}, [])
-    end
-  end
-
-  # A state that encapsulates a set of {#requirements} with an {Array} of
-  # possibilities
-  class DependencyState < ResolutionState
-    # Removes a possibility from `self`
-    # @return [PossibilityState] a state with a single possibility,
-    #  the possibility that was removed from `self`
-    def pop_possibility_state
-      PossibilityState.new(
-        name,
-        requirements.dup,
-        activated,
-        requirement,
-        [possibilities.pop],
-        depth + 1,
-        conflicts.dup,
-        unused_unwind_options.dup
-      ).tap do |state|
-        state.activated.tag(state)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  # A state that encapsulates a single possibility to fulfill the given
-  # {#requirement}
-  class PossibilityState < ResolutionState
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http.rb
index ad3e646cca..4800cd25f1 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http.rb
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   # == Strategies
   #
   # - If you will make only a few GET requests,
-  #   consider using {OpenURI}[rdoc-ref:OpenURI].
+  #   consider using {OpenURI}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenURI.html].
   # - If you will make only a few requests of all kinds,
   #   consider using the various singleton convenience methods in this class.
   #   Each of the following methods automatically starts and finishes
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # == URIs
   #
-  # On the internet, a URI
+  # On the internet, a Gem::URI
   # ({Universal Resource Identifier}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier])
   # is a string that identifies a particular resource.
   # It consists of some or all of: scheme, hostname, path, query, and fragment;
-  # see {URI syntax}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax].
+  # see {Gem::URI syntax}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax].
   #
-  # A Ruby {Gem::URI::Generic}[rdoc-ref:Gem::URI::Generic] object
-  # represents an internet URI.
+  # A Ruby {Gem::URI::Generic}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Gem::URI/Generic.html] object
+  # represents an internet Gem::URI.
   # It provides, among others, methods
   # +scheme+, +hostname+, +path+, +query+, and +fragment+.
   #
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # === Queries
   #
-  # A host-specific query adds name/value pairs to the URI:
+  # A host-specific query adds name/value pairs to the Gem::URI:
   #
   #   _uri = uri.dup
   #   params = {userId: 1, completed: false}
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # === Fragments
   #
-  # A {URI fragment}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_fragment] has no effect
+  # A {Gem::URI fragment}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_fragment] has no effect
   # in \Gem::Net::HTTP;
   # the same data is returned, regardless of whether a fragment is included.
   #
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #     res = http.request(req)
   #   end
   #
-  # Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in a URI
+  # Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in a Gem::URI
   # object that has an \HTTPS URL. \Gem::Net::HTTP automatically turns on TLS
-  # verification if the URI object has a 'https' :URI scheme:
+  # verification if the Gem::URI object has a 'https' Gem::URI scheme:
   #
   #   uri # => #<Gem::URI::HTTPS https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/>
   #   Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri)
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # When environment variable <tt>'http_proxy'</tt>
   # is set to a \Gem::URI string,
-  # the returned +http+ will have the server at that URI as its proxy;
+  # the returned +http+ will have the server at that Gem::URI as its proxy;
   # note that the \Gem::URI string must have a protocol
   # such as <tt>'http'</tt> or <tt>'https'</tt>:
   #
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # First, what's elsewhere. Class Gem::Net::HTTP:
   #
-  # - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
+  # - Inherits from {class Object}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Object.html#class-Object-label-What-27s+Here].
   #
   # This is a categorized summary of methods and attributes.
   #
@@ -475,8 +475,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #
   # - {::start}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.start]:
   #   Begins a new session in a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object.
-  # - {#started?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#started?]
-  #   (aliased as {#active?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#active?]):
+  # - {#started?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#started?]:
   #   Returns whether in a session.
   # - {#finish}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#finish]:
   #   Ends an active session.
@@ -556,18 +555,15 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #   Sends a PUT request and returns a response object.
   # - {#request}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request]:
   #   Sends a request and returns a response object.
-  # - {#request_get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_get]
-  #   (aliased as {#get2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#get2]):
+  # - {#request_get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_get]:
   #   Sends a GET request and forms a response object;
   #   if a block given, calls the block with the object,
   #   otherwise returns the object.
-  # - {#request_head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_head]
-  #   (aliased as {#head2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#head2]):
+  # - {#request_head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_head]:
   #   Sends a HEAD request and forms a response object;
   #   if a block given, calls the block with the object,
   #   otherwise returns the object.
-  # - {#request_post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_post]
-  #   (aliased as {#post2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#post2]):
+  # - {#request_post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_post]:
   #   Sends a POST request and forms a response object;
   #   if a block given, calls the block with the object,
   #   otherwise returns the object.
@@ -605,8 +601,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   #   Returns whether +self+ is a proxy class.
   # - {#proxy?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy?]:
   #   Returns whether +self+ has a proxy.
-  # - {#proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address]
-  #   (aliased as {#proxyaddr}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxyaddr]):
+  # - {#proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address]:
   #   Returns the proxy address.
   # - {#proxy_from_env?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_from_env?]:
   #   Returns whether the proxy is taken from an environment variable.
@@ -718,8 +713,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   # === \HTTP Version
   #
   # - {::version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2?]
-  #   (aliased as {::is_version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.is_version_1_2?]
-  #   and {::version_1_2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2]):
+  #   (aliased as {::version_1_2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2]):
   #   Returns true; retained for compatibility.
   #
   # === Debugging
@@ -730,7 +724,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
   class HTTP < Protocol
 
     # :stopdoc:
-    VERSION = "0.6.0"
+    VERSION = "0.9.1"
     HTTPVersion = '1.1'
     begin
       require 'zlib'
@@ -796,7 +790,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     #     "completed": false
     #   }
     #
-    # With URI object +uri+ and optional hash argument +headers+:
+    # With Gem::URI object +uri+ and optional hash argument +headers+:
     #
     #   uri = Gem::URI('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
     #   headers = {'Content-type' => 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}
@@ -869,7 +863,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
 
     # Posts data to a host; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
     #
-    # Argument +url+ must be a URI;
+    # Argument +url+ must be a Gem::URI;
     # argument +data+ must be a hash:
     #
     #   _uri = uri.dup
@@ -1185,6 +1179,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       @debug_output = options[:debug_output]
       @response_body_encoding = options[:response_body_encoding]
       @ignore_eof = options[:ignore_eof]
+      @tcpsocket_supports_open_timeout = nil
 
       @proxy_from_env = false
       @proxy_uri      = nil
@@ -1293,7 +1288,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     # - The name of an encoding.
     # - An alias for an encoding name.
     #
-    # See {Encoding}[rdoc-ref:Encoding].
+    # See {Encoding}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Encoding.html].
     #
     # Examples:
     #
@@ -1327,6 +1322,9 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     # Sets the proxy password;
     # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
     attr_writer :proxy_pass
+
+    # Sets whether the proxy uses SSL;
+    # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
     attr_writer :proxy_use_ssl
 
     # Returns the IP address for the connection.
@@ -1533,9 +1531,9 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       :verify_depth,
       :verify_mode,
       :verify_hostname,
-    ] # :nodoc:
+    ].freeze # :nodoc:
 
-    SSL_IVNAMES = SSL_ATTRIBUTES.map { |a| "@#{a}".to_sym } # :nodoc:
+    SSL_IVNAMES = SSL_ATTRIBUTES.map { |a| "@#{a}".to_sym }.freeze # :nodoc:
 
     # Sets or returns the path to a CA certification file in PEM format.
     attr_accessor :ca_file
@@ -1552,11 +1550,11 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     attr_accessor :cert_store
 
     # Sets or returns the available SSL ciphers.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers-3D].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#ciphers=].
     attr_accessor :ciphers
 
     # Sets or returns the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#add_certificate}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#add_certificate].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#add_certificate}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#add_certificate].
     attr_accessor :extra_chain_cert
 
     # Sets or returns the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object.
@@ -1566,15 +1564,15 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     attr_accessor :ssl_timeout
 
     # Sets or returns the SSL version.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version-3D].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#ssl_version=].
     attr_accessor :ssl_version
 
     # Sets or returns the minimum SSL version.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version-3D].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#min_version=].
     attr_accessor :min_version
 
     # Sets or returns the maximum SSL version.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version-3D].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#max_version=].
     attr_accessor :max_version
 
     # Sets or returns the callback for the server certification verification.
@@ -1590,7 +1588,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
 
     # Sets or returns whether to verify that the server certificate is valid
     # for the hostname.
-    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_hostname=}[rdoc-ref:OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#attribute-i-verify_mode].
+    # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_hostname=}[OpenSSL::SSL::SSL::Context#verify_hostname=].
     attr_accessor :verify_hostname
 
     # Returns the X509 certificate chain (an array of strings)
@@ -1638,6 +1636,21 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       self
     end
 
+    # Finishes the \HTTP session:
+    #
+    #   http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
+    #   http.start
+    #   http.started? # => true
+    #   http.finish   # => nil
+    #   http.started? # => false
+    #
+    # Raises IOError if not in a session.
+    def finish
+      raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
+      do_finish
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
     def do_start
       connect
       @started = true
@@ -1660,14 +1673,15 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       end
 
       debug "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
-      s = Gem::Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Gem::Net::OpenTimeout) {
-        begin
-          TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
-        rescue => e
-          raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
-            "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
+      begin
+        s = timeouted_connect(conn_addr, conn_port)
+      rescue => e
+        if (defined?(IO::TimeoutError) && e.is_a?(IO::TimeoutError)) || e.is_a?(Errno::ETIMEDOUT)  # for compatibility with previous versions
+          e = Gem::Net::OpenTimeout.new(e)
         end
-      }
+        raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
+          "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
+      end
       s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1)
       debug "opened"
       if use_ssl?
@@ -1760,23 +1774,30 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     end
     private :connect
 
-    def on_connect
+    tcp_socket_parameters = TCPSocket.instance_method(:initialize).parameters
+    TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT = if tcp_socket_parameters != [[:rest]]
+      tcp_socket_parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
+    else
+      # Use Socket.tcp to find out since there is no parameters information for TCPSocket#initialize
+      # See discussion in https://github.com/ruby/net-http/pull/224
+      Socket.method(:tcp).parameters.include?([:key, :open_timeout])
     end
-    private :on_connect
+    private_constant :TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT
 
-    # Finishes the \HTTP session:
-    #
-    #   http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
-    #   http.start
-    #   http.started? # => true
-    #   http.finish   # => nil
-    #   http.started? # => false
-    #
-    # Raises IOError if not in a session.
-    def finish
-      raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
-      do_finish
+    def timeouted_connect(conn_addr, conn_port)
+      if TCP_SOCKET_NEW_HAS_OPEN_TIMEOUT
+        TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port, open_timeout: @open_timeout)
+      else
+        Gem::Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Gem::Net::OpenTimeout) {
+          TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
+        }
+      end
+    end
+    private :timeouted_connect
+
+    def on_connect
     end
+    private :on_connect
 
     def do_finish
       @started = false
@@ -1827,6 +1848,8 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       }
     end
 
+    # :startdoc:
+
     class << HTTP
       # Returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
       def proxy_class?
@@ -1866,7 +1889,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       @proxy_from_env
     end
 
-    # The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection.
+    # The proxy Gem::URI determined from the environment for this connection.
     def proxy_uri # :nodoc:
       return if @proxy_uri == false
       @proxy_uri ||= Gem::URI::HTTP.new(
@@ -1921,9 +1944,11 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     alias proxyport proxy_port      #:nodoc: obsolete
 
     private
+    # :stopdoc:
 
     def unescape(value)
-      require 'cgi/util'
+      require 'cgi/escape'
+      require 'cgi/util' unless defined?(CGI::EscapeExt)
       CGI.unescape(value)
     end
 
@@ -1948,6 +1973,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
         path
       end
     end
+    # :startdoc:
 
     #
     # HTTP operations
@@ -2402,7 +2428,9 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
       res
     end
 
-    IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ # :nodoc:
+    # :stopdoc:
+
+    IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/.freeze # :nodoc:
 
     def transport_request(req)
       count = 0
@@ -2559,7 +2587,7 @@ module Gem::Net   #:nodoc:
     alias_method :D, :debug
   end
 
-  # for backward compatibility until Ruby 3.5
+  # for backward compatibility until Ruby 4.0
   # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20900
   # https://github.com/bblimke/webmock/pull/1081
   HTTPSession = HTTP
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
index c629c0113b..218df9a8bd 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # Gem::Net::HTTP exception class.
   # You cannot use Gem::Net::HTTPExceptions directly; instead, you must use
   # its subclasses.
-  module HTTPExceptions
+  module HTTPExceptions # :nodoc:
     def initialize(msg, res)   #:nodoc:
       super msg
       @response = res
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ module Gem::Net
     alias data response    #:nodoc: obsolete
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   class HTTPError < ProtocolError
     include HTTPExceptions
   end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
index 5cfe75a7cd..d6496d4ac1 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
@@ -19,16 +19,13 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
 
     if Gem::URI === uri_or_path then
       raise ArgumentError, "not an HTTP Gem::URI" unless Gem::URI::HTTP === uri_or_path
-      hostname = uri_or_path.hostname
+      hostname = uri_or_path.host
       raise ArgumentError, "no host component for Gem::URI" unless (hostname && hostname.length > 0)
       @uri = uri_or_path.dup
-      host = @uri.hostname.dup
-      host << ":" << @uri.port.to_s if @uri.port != @uri.default_port
       @path = uri_or_path.request_uri
       raise ArgumentError, "no HTTP request path given" unless @path
     else
       @uri = nil
-      host = nil
       raise ArgumentError, "no HTTP request path given" unless uri_or_path
       raise ArgumentError, "HTTP request path is empty" if uri_or_path.empty?
       @path = uri_or_path.dup
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     initialize_http_header initheader
     self['Accept'] ||= '*/*'
     self['User-Agent'] ||= 'Ruby'
-    self['Host'] ||= host if host
+    self['Host'] ||= @uri.authority if @uri
     @body = nil
     @body_stream = nil
     @body_data = nil
@@ -102,6 +99,31 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     "\#<#{self.class} #{@method}>"
   end
 
+  # Returns a string representation of the request with the details for pp:
+  #
+  #   require 'pp'
+  #   post = Gem::Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
+  #   post.inspect # => "#<Gem::Net::HTTP::Post POST>"
+  #   post.pretty_inspect
+  #   # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP::Post
+  #         POST
+  #         path="/"
+  #         headers={"accept-encoding" => ["gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3"],
+  #          "accept" => ["*/*"],
+  #          "user-agent" => ["Ruby"],
+  #          "host" => ["www.ruby-lang.org"]}>
+  #
+  def pretty_print(q)
+    q.object_group(self) {
+      q.breakable
+      q.text @method
+      q.breakable
+      q.text "path="; q.pp @path
+      q.breakable
+      q.text "headers="; q.pp to_hash
+    }
+  end
+
   ##
   # Don't automatically decode response content-encoding if the user indicates
   # they want to handle it.
@@ -220,7 +242,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     end
 
     if host = self['host']
-      host.sub!(/:.*/m, '')
+      host = Gem::URI.parse("//#{host}").host # Remove a port component from the existing Host header
     elsif host = @uri.host
     else
      host = addr
@@ -239,6 +261,8 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
 
   private
 
+  # :stopdoc:
+
   class Chunker #:nodoc:
     def initialize(sock)
       @sock = sock
@@ -260,7 +284,6 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
   def send_request_with_body(sock, ver, path, body)
     self.content_length = body.bytesize
     delete 'Transfer-Encoding'
-    supply_default_content_type
     write_header sock, ver, path
     wait_for_continue sock, ver if sock.continue_timeout
     sock.write body
@@ -271,7 +294,6 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
       raise ArgumentError,
           "Content-Length not given and Transfer-Encoding is not `chunked'"
     end
-    supply_default_content_type
     write_header sock, ver, path
     wait_for_continue sock, ver if sock.continue_timeout
     if chunked?
@@ -373,12 +395,6 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
     buf.clear
   end
 
-  def supply_default_content_type
-    return if content_type()
-    warn 'net/http: Content-Type did not set; using application/x-www-form-urlencoded', uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    set_content_type 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-  end
-
   ##
   # Waits up to the continue timeout for a response from the server provided
   # we're speaking HTTP 1.1 and are expecting a 100-continue response.
@@ -411,4 +427,3 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPGenericRequest
   end
 
 end
-
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/header.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/header.rb
index 5cb1da01ec..bc68cd2eef 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/header.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/header.rb
@@ -179,7 +179,9 @@
 # - #each_value: Passes each string field value to the block.
 #
 module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
+  # The maximum length of HTTP header keys.
   MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 1024
+  # The maximum length of HTTP header values.
   MAX_FIELD_LENGTH = 65536
 
   def initialize_http_header(initheader) #:nodoc:
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@ module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
     end
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   private def set_field(key, val)
     case val
     when Enumerable
@@ -294,6 +297,7 @@ module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
       ary.push val
     end
   end
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # Returns the array field value for the given +key+,
   # or +nil+ if there is no such field;
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
 
   alias canonical_each each_capitalized
 
-  def capitalize(name)
+  def capitalize(name)  # :nodoc:
     name.to_s.split('-'.freeze).map {|s| s.capitalize }.join('-'.freeze)
   end
   private :capitalize
@@ -957,12 +961,12 @@ module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
     @header['proxy-authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
   end
 
-  def basic_encode(account, password)
+  def basic_encode(account, password)   # :nodoc:
     'Basic ' + ["#{account}:#{password}"].pack('m0')
   end
   private :basic_encode
 
-# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be closed.
+  # Returns whether the HTTP session is to be closed.
   def connection_close?
     token = /(?:\A|,)\s*close\s*(?:\z|,)/i
     @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
@@ -970,7 +974,7 @@ module Gem::Net::HTTPHeader
     false
   end
 
-# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be kept alive.
+  # Returns whether the HTTP session is to be kept alive.
   def connection_keep_alive?
     token = /(?:\A|,)\s*keep-alive\s*(?:\z|,)/i
     @header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/requests.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/requests.rb
index 45727e7f61..f990761042 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/requests.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/requests.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#get: sends +GET+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Get < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'GET'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY  = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#head: sends +HEAD+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Head < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'HEAD'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = false
@@ -95,6 +97,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#post: sends +POST+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Post < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'POST'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#put: sends +PUT+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Put < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PUT'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -162,6 +166,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#delete: sends +DELETE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Delete < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'DELETE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -193,6 +198,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#options: sends +OPTIONS+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Options < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'OPTIONS'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -224,6 +230,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#trace: sends +TRACE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Trace < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'TRACE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -258,6 +265,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#patch: sends +PATCH+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Patch < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PATCH'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -285,6 +293,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#propfind: sends +PROPFIND+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Propfind < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PROPFIND'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -308,6 +317,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#proppatch: sends +PROPPATCH+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Proppatch < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'PROPPATCH'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -331,6 +341,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#mkcol: sends +MKCOL+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Mkcol < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'MKCOL'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -354,6 +365,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#copy: sends +COPY+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Copy < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'COPY'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -377,6 +389,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#move: sends +MOVE+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Move < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'MOVE'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = false
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -400,6 +413,7 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#lock: sends +LOCK+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Lock < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'LOCK'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
@@ -423,8 +437,8 @@ end
 # - Gem::Net::HTTP#unlock: sends +UNLOCK+ request, returns response object.
 #
 class Gem::Net::HTTP::Unlock < Gem::Net::HTTPRequest
+  # :stopdoc:
   METHOD = 'UNLOCK'
   REQUEST_HAS_BODY = true
   RESPONSE_HAS_BODY = true
 end
-
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/response.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/response.rb
index cbbd191d87..dc164f1504 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/response.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/response.rb
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPResponse
     end
 
     private
+    # :stopdoc:
 
     def read_status_line(sock)
       str = sock.readline
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPResponse
   # header.
   attr_accessor :ignore_eof
 
-  def inspect
+  def inspect   # :nodoc:
     "#<#{self.class} #{@code} #{@message} readbody=#{@read}>"
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/responses.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/responses.rb
index 0f26ae6c26..62ce1cba1b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/responses.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/responses.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 
 module Gem::Net
 
+  # Unknown HTTP response
   class HTTPUnknownResponse < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#1xx_informational_response].
   #
   class HTTPInformation < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#2xx_success].
   #
   class HTTPSuccess < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPError                  #
   end
@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#3xx_redirection].
   #
   class HTTPRedirection < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPRetriableError         #
   end
@@ -63,6 +68,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#4xx_client_errors].
   #
   class HTTPClientError < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPClientException        #
   end
@@ -77,6 +83,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#5xx_server_errors].
   #
   class HTTPServerError < HTTPResponse
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
     EXCEPTION_TYPE = HTTPFatalError             #
   end
@@ -94,6 +101,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#100].
   #
   class HTTPContinue < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -111,6 +119,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#101].
   #
   class HTTPSwitchProtocol < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -127,6 +136,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#102].
   #
   class HTTPProcessing < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -145,6 +155,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#103].
   #
   class HTTPEarlyHints < HTTPInformation
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -162,6 +173,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#200].
   #
   class HTTPOK < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -179,6 +191,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#201].
   #
   class HTTPCreated < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -196,6 +209,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#202].
   #
   class HTTPAccepted < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -215,6 +229,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#203].
   #
   class HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -232,6 +247,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#204].
   #
   class HTTPNoContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -250,6 +266,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#205].
   #
   class HTTPResetContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -268,6 +285,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#206].
   #
   class HTTPPartialContent < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -285,6 +303,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#207].
   #
   class HTTPMultiStatus < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -304,6 +323,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#208].
   #
   class HTTPAlreadyReported < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -321,6 +341,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#226].
   #
   class HTTPIMUsed < HTTPSuccess
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -338,6 +359,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#300].
   #
   class HTTPMultipleChoices < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPMultipleChoice = HTTPMultipleChoices
@@ -356,6 +378,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#301].
   #
   class HTTPMovedPermanently < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -373,6 +396,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#302].
   #
   class HTTPFound < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPMovedTemporarily = HTTPFound
@@ -390,6 +414,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#303].
   #
   class HTTPSeeOther < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -407,6 +432,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#304].
   #
   class HTTPNotModified < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -423,6 +449,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#305].
   #
   class HTTPUseProxy < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = false
   end
 
@@ -440,6 +467,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#307].
   #
   class HTTPTemporaryRedirect < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -456,6 +484,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#308].
   #
   class HTTPPermanentRedirect < HTTPRedirection
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -472,6 +501,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#400].
   #
   class HTTPBadRequest < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -488,6 +518,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#401].
   #
   class HTTPUnauthorized < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -504,6 +535,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#402].
   #
   class HTTPPaymentRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -521,6 +553,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#403].
   #
   class HTTPForbidden < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -537,6 +570,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#404].
   #
   class HTTPNotFound < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -553,6 +587,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#405].
   #
   class HTTPMethodNotAllowed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -570,6 +605,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#406].
   #
   class HTTPNotAcceptable < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -586,6 +622,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#407].
   #
   class HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -602,6 +639,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#408].
   #
   class HTTPRequestTimeout < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestTimeOut = HTTPRequestTimeout
@@ -619,6 +657,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#409].
   #
   class HTTPConflict < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -636,6 +675,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#410].
   #
   class HTTPGone < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -653,6 +693,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#411].
   #
   class HTTPLengthRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -670,6 +711,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#412].
   #
   class HTTPPreconditionFailed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -686,6 +728,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#413].
   #
   class HTTPPayloadTooLarge < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge = HTTPPayloadTooLarge
@@ -703,6 +746,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#414].
   #
   class HTTPURITooLong < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestURITooLong = HTTPURITooLong
@@ -721,6 +765,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#415].
   #
   class HTTPUnsupportedMediaType < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -737,6 +782,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#416].
   #
   class HTTPRangeNotSatisfiable < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = HTTPRangeNotSatisfiable
@@ -754,6 +800,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#417].
   #
   class HTTPExpectationFailed < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -774,6 +821,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#421].
   #
   class HTTPMisdirectedRequest < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -790,6 +838,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#422].
   #
   class HTTPUnprocessableEntity < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -805,6 +854,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#423].
   #
   class HTTPLocked < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -821,6 +871,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#424].
   #
   class HTTPFailedDependency < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -840,6 +891,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#426].
   #
   class HTTPUpgradeRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -856,6 +908,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#428].
   #
   class HTTPPreconditionRequired < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -872,6 +925,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#429].
   #
   class HTTPTooManyRequests < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -889,6 +943,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#431].
   #
   class HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -906,6 +961,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#451].
   #
   class HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons < HTTPClientError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   # 444 No Response - Nginx
@@ -926,6 +982,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#500].
   #
   class HTTPInternalServerError < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -943,6 +1000,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#501].
   #
   class HTTPNotImplemented < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -960,6 +1018,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#502].
   #
   class HTTPBadGateway < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -977,6 +1036,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#503].
   #
   class HTTPServiceUnavailable < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -994,6 +1054,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#504].
   #
   class HTTPGatewayTimeout < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   HTTPGatewayTimeOut = HTTPGatewayTimeout
@@ -1011,6 +1072,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#505].
   #
   class HTTPVersionNotSupported < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1027,6 +1089,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#506].
   #
   class HTTPVariantAlsoNegotiates < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1043,6 +1106,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#507].
   #
   class HTTPInsufficientStorage < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1059,6 +1123,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#508].
   #
   class HTTPLoopDetected < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
   # 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded - Apache bw/limited extension
@@ -1076,6 +1141,7 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#510].
   #
   class HTTPNotExtended < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
@@ -1092,19 +1158,21 @@ module Gem::Net
   # - {Wikipedia}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#511].
   #
   class HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired < HTTPServerError
+    # :stopdoc:
     HAS_BODY = true
   end
 
 end
 
 class Gem::Net::HTTPResponse
+  # :stopdoc:
   CODE_CLASS_TO_OBJ = {
     '1' => Gem::Net::HTTPInformation,
     '2' => Gem::Net::HTTPSuccess,
     '3' => Gem::Net::HTTPRedirection,
     '4' => Gem::Net::HTTPClientError,
     '5' => Gem::Net::HTTPServerError
-  }
+  }.freeze
   CODE_TO_OBJ = {
     '100' => Gem::Net::HTTPContinue,
     '101' => Gem::Net::HTTPSwitchProtocol,
@@ -1170,5 +1238,5 @@ class Gem::Net::HTTPResponse
     '508' => Gem::Net::HTTPLoopDetected,
     '510' => Gem::Net::HTTPNotExtended,
     '511' => Gem::Net::HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired,
-  }
+  }.freeze
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse.rb
index 537d06f229..d39d9dd4e0 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #
 # See Gem::OptionParser for documentation.
 #
+require 'set' unless defined?(Set)
 
 #--
 # == Developer Documentation (not for RDoc output)
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@
 # Used:
 #
 #   $ ruby optparse-test.rb -r
-#   optparse-test.rb:9:in `<main>': missing argument: -r (Gem::OptionParser::MissingArgument)
+#   optparse-test.rb:9:in '<main>': missing argument: -r (Gem::OptionParser::MissingArgument)
 #   $ ruby optparse-test.rb -r my-library
 #   You required my-library!
 #
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@
 #   $ ruby optparse-test.rb --user 2
 #   #<struct User id=2, name="Gandalf">
 #   $ ruby optparse-test.rb --user 3
-#   optparse-test.rb:15:in `block in find_user': No User Found for id 3 (RuntimeError)
+#   optparse-test.rb:15:in 'block in find_user': No User Found for id 3 (RuntimeError)
 #
 # === Store options to a Hash
 #
@@ -425,7 +426,8 @@
 #
 class Gem::OptionParser
   # The version string
-  Gem::OptionParser::Version = "0.6.0"
+  VERSION = "0.8.0"
+  Version = VERSION # for compatibility
 
   # :stopdoc:
   NoArgument = [NO_ARGUMENT = :NONE, nil].freeze
@@ -461,6 +463,10 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
       candidates
     end
 
+    def self.completable?(key)
+      String.try_convert(key) or defined?(key.id2name)
+    end
+
     def candidate(key, icase = false, pat = nil, &_)
       Completion.candidate(key, icase, pat, &method(:each))
     end
@@ -496,7 +502,6 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
     end
   end
 
-
   #
   # Map from option/keyword string to object with completion.
   #
@@ -504,7 +509,6 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
     include Completion
   end
 
-
   #
   # Individual switch class.  Not important to the user.
   #
@@ -546,11 +550,11 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
 
     def initialize(pattern = nil, conv = nil,
                    short = nil, long = nil, arg = nil,
-                   desc = ([] if short or long), block = nil, &_block)
+                   desc = ([] if short or long), block = nil, values = nil, &_block)
       raise if Array === pattern
       block ||= _block
-      @pattern, @conv, @short, @long, @arg, @desc, @block =
-        pattern, conv, short, long, arg, desc, block
+      @pattern, @conv, @short, @long, @arg, @desc, @block, @values =
+        pattern, conv, short, long, arg, desc, block, values
     end
 
     #
@@ -583,11 +587,15 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
     # exception.
     #
     def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
+      v, = *val
       if conv
         val = conv.call(*val)
       else
         val = proc {|v| v}.call(*val)
       end
+      if @values
+        @values.include?(val) or raise InvalidArgument, v
+      end
       return arg, block, val
     end
     private :conv_arg
@@ -668,7 +676,7 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
 
       (sopts+lopts).each do |opt|
         # "(-x -c -r)-l[left justify]"
-        if /^--\[no-\](.+)$/ =~ opt
+        if /\A--\[no-\](.+)$/ =~ opt
           o = $1
           yield("--#{o}", desc.join(""))
           yield("--no-#{o}", desc.join(""))
@@ -1032,7 +1040,6 @@ class Gem::OptionParser
   DefaultList.short['-'] = Switch::NoArgument.new {}
   DefaultList.long[''] = Switch::NoArgument.new {throw :terminate}
 
-
   COMPSYS_HEADER = <<'XXX'      # :nodoc:
 
 typeset -A opt_args
@@ -1051,16 +1058,16 @@ XXX
   end
 
   def help_exit
-    if STDOUT.tty? && (pager = ENV.values_at(*%w[RUBY_PAGER PAGER]).find {|e| e && !e.empty?})
+    if $stdout.tty? && (pager = ENV.values_at(*%w[RUBY_PAGER PAGER]).find {|e| e && !e.empty?})
       less = ENV["LESS"]
-      args = [{"LESS" => "#{!less || less.empty? ? '-' : less}Fe"}, pager, "w"]
+      args = [{"LESS" => "#{less} -Fe"}, pager, "w"]
       print = proc do |f|
         f.puts help
       rescue Errno::EPIPE
         # pager terminated
       end
       if Process.respond_to?(:fork) and false
-        IO.popen("-") {|f| f ? Process.exec(*args, in: f) : print.call(STDOUT)}
+        IO.popen("-") {|f| f ? Process.exec(*args, in: f) : print.call($stdout)}
         # unreachable
       end
       IO.popen(*args, &print)
@@ -1102,7 +1109,7 @@ XXX
   #
   Officious['*-completion-zsh'] = proc do |parser|
     Switch::OptionalArgument.new do |arg|
-      parser.compsys(STDOUT, arg)
+      parser.compsys($stdout, arg)
       exit
     end
   end
@@ -1288,7 +1295,15 @@ XXX
   # to $0.
   #
   def program_name
-    @program_name || File.basename($0, '.*')
+    @program_name || strip_ext(File.basename($0))
+  end
+
+  private def strip_ext(name)  # :nodoc:
+    exts = /#{
+      require "rbconfig"
+      Regexp.union(*RbConfig::CONFIG["EXECUTABLE_EXTS"]&.split(" "))
+    }\z/o
+    name.sub(exts, "")
   end
 
   # for experimental cascading :-)
@@ -1467,6 +1482,7 @@ XXX
     klass = nil
     q, a = nil
     has_arg = false
+    values = nil
 
     opts.each do |o|
       # argument class
@@ -1480,7 +1496,7 @@ XXX
       end
 
       # directly specified pattern(any object possible to match)
-      if (!(String === o || Symbol === o)) and o.respond_to?(:match)
+      if !Completion.completable?(o) and o.respond_to?(:match)
         pattern = notwice(o, pattern, 'pattern')
         if pattern.respond_to?(:convert)
           conv = pattern.method(:convert).to_proc
@@ -1494,7 +1510,12 @@ XXX
       case o
       when Proc, Method
         block = notwice(o, block, 'block')
-      when Array, Hash
+      when Array, Hash, Set
+        if Array === o
+          o, v = o.partition {|v,| Completion.completable?(v)}
+          values = notwice(v, values, 'values') unless v.empty?
+          next if o.empty?
+        end
         case pattern
         when CompletingHash
         when nil
@@ -1504,11 +1525,13 @@ XXX
           raise ArgumentError, "argument pattern given twice"
         end
         o.each {|pat, *v| pattern[pat] = v.fetch(0) {pat}}
+      when Range
+        values = notwice(o, values, 'values')
       when Module
         raise ArgumentError, "unsupported argument type: #{o}", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(4))
       when *ArgumentStyle.keys
         style = notwice(ArgumentStyle[o], style, 'style')
-      when /^--no-([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
+      when /\A--no-([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
         q, a = $1, $2
         o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
         not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, o) unless not_style
@@ -1519,7 +1542,7 @@ XXX
         (q = q.downcase).tr!('_', '-')
         long << "no-#{q}"
         nolong << q
-      when /^--\[no-\]([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
+      when /\A--\[no-\]([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
         q, a = $1, $2
         o = notwice(a ? Object : TrueClass, klass, 'type')
         if a
@@ -1532,7 +1555,7 @@ XXX
         not_pattern, not_conv = search(:atype, FalseClass) unless not_style
         not_style = Switch::NoArgument
         nolong << "no-#{o}"
-      when /^--([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
+      when /\A--([^\[\]=\s]*)(.+)?/
         q, a = $1, $2
         if a
           o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
@@ -1542,7 +1565,7 @@ XXX
         ldesc << "--#{q}"
         (o = q.downcase).tr!('_', '-')
         long << o
-      when /^-(\[\^?\]?(?:[^\\\]]|\\.)*\])(.+)?/
+      when /\A-(\[\^?\]?(?:[^\\\]]|\\.)*\])(.+)?/
         q, a = $1, $2
         o = notwice(Object, klass, 'type')
         if a
@@ -1553,7 +1576,7 @@ XXX
         end
         sdesc << "-#{q}"
         short << Regexp.new(q)
-      when /^-(.)(.+)?/
+      when /\A-(.)(.+)?/
         q, a = $1, $2
         if a
           o = notwice(NilClass, klass, 'type')
@@ -1562,7 +1585,7 @@ XXX
         end
         sdesc << "-#{q}"
         short << q
-      when /^=/
+      when /\A=/
         style = notwice(default_style.guess(arg = o), style, 'style')
         default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, Object) unless default_pattern
       else
@@ -1571,12 +1594,18 @@ XXX
     end
 
     default_pattern, conv = search(:atype, default_style.pattern) unless default_pattern
+    if Range === values and klass
+      unless (!values.begin or klass === values.begin) and
+            (!values.end or klass === values.end)
+        raise ArgumentError, "range does not match class"
+      end
+    end
     if !(short.empty? and long.empty?)
       if has_arg and default_style == Switch::NoArgument
         default_style = Switch::RequiredArgument
       end
       s = (style || default_style).new(pattern || default_pattern,
-                                       conv, sdesc, ldesc, arg, desc, block)
+                                       conv, sdesc, ldesc, arg, desc, block, values)
     elsif !block
       if style or pattern
         raise ArgumentError, "no switch given", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller)
@@ -1585,7 +1614,7 @@ XXX
     else
       short << pattern
       s = (style || default_style).new(pattern,
-                                       conv, nil, nil, arg, desc, block)
+                                       conv, nil, nil, arg, desc, block, values)
     end
     return s, short, long,
       (not_style.new(not_pattern, not_conv, sdesc, ldesc, nil, desc, block) if not_style),
@@ -1827,7 +1856,7 @@ XXX
   #
   def permute!(argv = default_argv, **keywords)
     nonopts = []
-    order!(argv, **keywords, &nonopts.method(:<<))
+    order!(argv, **keywords) {|nonopt| nonopts << nonopt}
     argv[0, 0] = nonopts
     argv
   end
@@ -1880,13 +1909,16 @@ XXX
     single_options, *long_options = *args
 
     result = {}
+    setter = (symbolize_names ?
+                ->(name, val) {result[name.to_sym] = val}
+              : ->(name, val) {result[name] = val})
 
     single_options.scan(/(.)(:)?/) do |opt, val|
       if val
-        result[opt] = nil
+        setter[opt, nil]
         define("-#{opt} VAL")
       else
-        result[opt] = false
+        setter[opt, false]
         define("-#{opt}")
       end
     end if single_options
@@ -1895,16 +1927,16 @@ XXX
       arg, desc = arg.split(';', 2)
       opt, val = arg.split(':', 2)
       if val
-        result[opt] = val.empty? ? nil : val
+        setter[opt, (val unless val.empty?)]
         define("--#{opt}=#{result[opt] || "VAL"}", *[desc].compact)
       else
-        result[opt] = false
+        setter[opt, false]
         define("--#{opt}", *[desc].compact)
       end
     end
 
-    parse_in_order(argv, result.method(:[]=), **keywords)
-    symbolize_names ? result.transform_keys(&:to_sym) : result
+    parse_in_order(argv, setter, **keywords)
+    result
   end
 
   #
@@ -1954,7 +1986,7 @@ XXX
       visit(:complete, typ, opt, icase, *pat) {|o, *sw| return sw}
     }
     exc = ambiguous ? AmbiguousOption : InvalidOption
-    raise exc.new(opt, additional: self.method(:additional_message).curry[typ])
+    raise exc.new(opt, additional: proc {|o| additional_message(typ, o)})
   end
   private :complete
 
@@ -2019,19 +2051,27 @@ XXX
   def load(filename = nil, **keywords)
     unless filename
       basename = File.basename($0, '.*')
-      return true if load(File.expand_path(basename, '~/.options'), **keywords) rescue nil
+      return true if load(File.expand_path("~/.options/#{basename}"), **keywords) rescue nil
       basename << ".options"
+      if !(xdg = ENV['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']) or xdg.empty?
+        # https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/#variables
+        #
+        # If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, a default
+        # equal to $HOME/.config should be used.
+        xdg = ['~/.config', true]
+      end
       return [
-        # XDG
-        ENV['XDG_CONFIG_HOME'],
-        '~/.config',
+        xdg,
+
         *ENV['XDG_CONFIG_DIRS']&.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR),
 
         # Haiku
-        '~/config/settings',
-      ].any? {|dir|
+        ['~/config/settings', true],
+      ].any? {|dir, expand|
         next if !dir or dir.empty?
-        load(File.expand_path(basename, dir), **keywords) rescue nil
+        filename = File.join(dir, basename)
+        filename = File.expand_path(filename) if expand
+        load(filename, **keywords) rescue nil
       }
     end
     begin
@@ -2237,9 +2277,10 @@ XXX
       argv
     end
 
+    DIR = File.join(__dir__, '')
     def self.filter_backtrace(array)
       unless $DEBUG
-        array.delete_if(&%r"\A#{Regexp.quote(__FILE__)}:"o.method(:=~))
+        array.delete_if {|bt| bt.start_with?(DIR)}
       end
       array
     end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..818e947477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+require_relative "pub_grub/package"
+require_relative "pub_grub/static_package_source"
+require_relative "pub_grub/term"
+require_relative "pub_grub/version_range"
+require_relative "pub_grub/version_constraint"
+require_relative "pub_grub/version_union"
+require_relative "pub_grub/version_solver"
+require_relative "pub_grub/incompatibility"
+require_relative 'pub_grub/solve_failure'
+require_relative 'pub_grub/failure_writer'
+require_relative 'pub_grub/version'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  # Minimal logger that doesn't require the 'logger' gem
+  class NullLogger
+    def info(&block); end
+    def debug(&block); end
+    def warn(&block); end
+    def error(&block); end
+  end
+
+  class StderrLogger
+    def info(&block)
+      $stderr.puts "INFO: #{block.call}" if block
+    end
+
+    def debug(&block)
+      $stderr.puts "DEBUG: #{block.call}" if block
+    end
+
+    def warn(&block)
+      $stderr.puts "WARN: #{block.call}" if block
+    end
+
+    def error(&block)
+      $stderr.puts "ERROR: #{block.call}" if block
+    end
+  end
+
+  class << self
+    attr_writer :logger
+
+    def logger
+      @logger || default_logger
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def default_logger
+      @logger = $DEBUG ? StderrLogger.new : NullLogger.new
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/assignment.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/assignment.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a11cf0933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/assignment.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class Assignment
+    attr_reader :term, :cause, :decision_level, :index
+    def initialize(term, cause, decision_level, index)
+      @term = term
+      @cause = cause
+      @decision_level = decision_level
+      @index = index
+    end
+
+    def self.decision(package, version, decision_level, index)
+      term = Term.new(VersionConstraint.exact(package, version), true)
+      new(term, :decision, decision_level, index)
+    end
+
+    def decision?
+      cause == :decision
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8dbf2a5ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+require_relative 'version_constraint'
+require_relative 'incompatibility'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  # Types:
+  #
+  # Where possible, Gem::PubGrub will accept user-defined types, so long as they quack.
+  #
+  # ## "Package":
+  #
+  # This class will be used to represent the various packages being solved for.
+  # .to_s will be called when displaying errors and debugging info, it should
+  # probably return the package's name.
+  # It must also have a reasonable definition of #== and #hash
+  #
+  # Example classes: String ("rails")
+  #
+  #
+  # ## "Version":
+  #
+  # This class will be used to represent a single version number.
+  #
+  # Versions don't need to store their associated package, however they will
+  # only be compared against other versions of the same package.
+  #
+  # It must be Comparible (and implement <=> reasonably)
+  #
+  # Example classes: Gem::Version, Integer
+  #
+  #
+  # ## "Dependency"
+  #
+  # This class represents the requirement one package has on another. It is
+  # returned by dependencies_for(package, version) and will be passed to
+  # parse_dependency to convert it to a format Gem::PubGrub understands.
+  #
+  # It must also have a reasonable definition of #==
+  #
+  # Example classes: String ("~> 1.0"), Gem::Requirement
+  #
+  class BasicPackageSource
+    # Override me!
+    #
+    # This is called per package to find all possible versions of a package.
+    #
+    # It is called at most once per-package
+    #
+    # Returns: Array of versions for a package, in preferred order of selection
+    def all_versions_for(package)
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    # Override me!
+    #
+    # Returns: Hash in the form of { package => requirement, ... }
+    def dependencies_for(package, version)
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    # Override me!
+    #
+    # Convert a (user-defined) dependency into a format Gem::PubGrub understands.
+    #
+    # Package is passed to this method but for many implementations is not
+    # needed.
+    #
+    # Returns: either a Gem::PubGrub::VersionRange, Gem::PubGrub::VersionUnion, or a
+    #   Gem::PubGrub::VersionConstraint
+    def parse_dependency(package, dependency)
+      raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    # Override me!
+    #
+    # If not overridden, this will call dependencies_for with the root package.
+    #
+    # Returns: Hash in the form of { package => requirement, ... } (see dependencies_for)
+    def root_dependencies
+      dependencies_for(@root_package, @root_version)
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      @root_package = Package.root
+      @root_version = Package.root_version
+
+      @sorted_versions = Hash.new do |h,k|
+        if k == @root_package
+          h[k] = [@root_version]
+        else
+          h[k] = all_versions_for(k).sort
+        end
+      end
+
+      @cached_dependencies = Hash.new do |packages, package|
+        if package == @root_package
+          packages[package] = {
+            @root_version => root_dependencies
+          }
+        else
+          packages[package] = Hash.new do |versions, version|
+            versions[version] = dependencies_for(package, version)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def versions_for(package, range=VersionRange.any)
+      range.select_versions(@sorted_versions[package])
+    end
+
+    def no_versions_incompatibility_for(_package, unsatisfied_term)
+      cause = Incompatibility::NoVersions.new(unsatisfied_term)
+
+      Incompatibility.new([unsatisfied_term], cause: cause)
+    end
+
+    def incompatibilities_for(package, version)
+      package_deps = @cached_dependencies[package]
+      sorted_versions = @sorted_versions[package]
+      package_deps[version].map do |dep_package, dep_constraint_name|
+        low = high = sorted_versions.index(version)
+
+        # find version low such that all >= low share the same dep
+        while low > 0 &&
+            package_deps[sorted_versions[low - 1]][dep_package] == dep_constraint_name
+          low -= 1
+        end
+        low =
+          if low == 0
+            nil
+          else
+            sorted_versions[low]
+          end
+
+        # find version high such that all < high share the same dep
+        while high < sorted_versions.length &&
+            package_deps[sorted_versions[high]][dep_package] == dep_constraint_name
+          high += 1
+        end
+        high =
+          if high == sorted_versions.length
+            nil
+          else
+            sorted_versions[high]
+          end
+
+        range = VersionRange.new(min: low, max: high, include_min: !low.nil?)
+
+        self_constraint = VersionConstraint.new(package, range: range)
+
+        if !@packages.include?(dep_package)
+          # no such package -> this version is invalid
+        end
+
+        dep_constraint = parse_dependency(dep_package, dep_constraint_name)
+        if !dep_constraint
+          # falsey indicates this dependency was invalid
+          cause = Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::InvalidDependency.new(dep_package, dep_constraint_name)
+          return [Incompatibility.new([Term.new(self_constraint, true)], cause: cause)]
+        elsif !dep_constraint.is_a?(VersionConstraint)
+          # Upgrade range/union to VersionConstraint
+          dep_constraint = VersionConstraint.new(dep_package, range: dep_constraint)
+        end
+
+        Incompatibility.new([Term.new(self_constraint, true), Term.new(dep_constraint, false)], cause: :dependency)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/failure_writer.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/failure_writer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8bfde0286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/failure_writer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class FailureWriter
+    def initialize(root)
+      @root = root
+
+      # { Incompatibility => Integer }
+      @derivations = {}
+
+      # [ [ String, Integer or nil ] ]
+      @lines = []
+
+      # { Incompatibility => Integer }
+      @line_numbers = {}
+
+      count_derivations(root)
+    end
+
+    def write
+      return @root.to_s unless @root.conflict?
+
+      visit(@root)
+
+      padding = @line_numbers.empty? ? 0 : "(#{@line_numbers.values.last}) ".length
+
+      @lines.map do |message, number|
+        next "" if message.empty?
+
+        lead = number ? "(#{number}) " : ""
+        lead = lead.ljust(padding)
+        message = message.gsub("\n", "\n" + " " * (padding + 2))
+        "#{lead}#{message}"
+      end.join("\n")
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def write_line(incompatibility, message, numbered:)
+      if numbered
+        number = @line_numbers.length + 1
+        @line_numbers[incompatibility] = number
+      end
+
+      @lines << [message, number]
+    end
+
+    def visit(incompatibility, conclusion: false)
+      raise unless incompatibility.conflict?
+
+      numbered = conclusion || @derivations[incompatibility] > 1;
+      conjunction = conclusion || incompatibility == @root ? "So," : "And"
+
+      cause = incompatibility.cause
+
+      if cause.conflict.conflict? && cause.other.conflict?
+        conflict_line = @line_numbers[cause.conflict]
+        other_line = @line_numbers[cause.other]
+
+        if conflict_line && other_line
+          write_line(
+            incompatibility,
+            "Because #{cause.conflict} (#{conflict_line})\nand #{cause.other} (#{other_line}),\n#{incompatibility}.",
+            numbered: numbered
+          )
+        elsif conflict_line || other_line
+          with_line    = conflict_line ? cause.conflict : cause.other
+          without_line = conflict_line ? cause.other : cause.conflict
+          line = @line_numbers[with_line]
+
+          visit(without_line);
+          write_line(
+            incompatibility,
+            "#{conjunction} because #{with_line} (#{line}),\n#{incompatibility}.",
+            numbered: numbered
+          )
+        else
+          single_line_conflict = single_line?(cause.conflict.cause)
+          single_line_other    = single_line?(cause.other.cause)
+
+          if single_line_conflict || single_line_other
+            first  = single_line_other ? cause.conflict : cause.other
+            second = single_line_other ? cause.other : cause.conflict
+            visit(first)
+            visit(second)
+            write_line(
+              incompatibility,
+              "Thus, #{incompatibility}.",
+              numbered: numbered
+            )
+          else
+            visit(cause.conflict, conclusion: true)
+            @lines << ["", nil]
+            visit(cause.other)
+
+            write_line(
+              incompatibility,
+              "#{conjunction} because #{cause.conflict} (#{@line_numbers[cause.conflict]}),\n#{incompatibility}.",
+              numbered: numbered
+            )
+          end
+        end
+      elsif cause.conflict.conflict? || cause.other.conflict?
+        derived = cause.conflict.conflict? ? cause.conflict : cause.other
+        ext     = cause.conflict.conflict? ? cause.other : cause.conflict
+
+        derived_line = @line_numbers[derived]
+        if derived_line
+          write_line(
+            incompatibility,
+            "Because #{ext}\nand #{derived} (#{derived_line}),\n#{incompatibility}.",
+            numbered: numbered
+          )
+        elsif collapsible?(derived)
+          derived_cause = derived.cause
+          if derived_cause.conflict.conflict?
+            collapsed_derived = derived_cause.conflict
+            collapsed_ext = derived_cause.other
+          else
+            collapsed_derived = derived_cause.other
+            collapsed_ext = derived_cause.conflict
+          end
+
+          visit(collapsed_derived)
+
+          write_line(
+            incompatibility,
+            "#{conjunction} because #{collapsed_ext}\nand #{ext},\n#{incompatibility}.",
+            numbered: numbered
+          )
+        else
+          visit(derived)
+          write_line(
+            incompatibility,
+            "#{conjunction} because #{ext},\n#{incompatibility}.",
+            numbered: numbered
+          )
+        end
+      else
+        write_line(
+          incompatibility,
+          "Because #{cause.conflict}\nand #{cause.other},\n#{incompatibility}.",
+          numbered: numbered
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    def single_line?(cause)
+      !cause.conflict.conflict? && !cause.other.conflict?
+    end
+
+    def collapsible?(incompatibility)
+      return false if @derivations[incompatibility] > 1
+
+      cause = incompatibility.cause
+      # If incompatibility is derived from two derived incompatibilities,
+      # there are too many transitive causes to display concisely.
+      return false if cause.conflict.conflict? && cause.other.conflict?
+
+      # If incompatibility is derived from two external incompatibilities, it
+      # tends to be confusing to collapse it.
+      return false unless cause.conflict.conflict? || cause.other.conflict?
+
+      # If incompatibility's internal cause is numbered, collapsing it would
+      # get too noisy.
+      complex = cause.conflict.conflict? ? cause.conflict : cause.other
+
+      !@line_numbers.has_key?(complex)
+    end
+
+    def count_derivations(incompatibility)
+      if @derivations.has_key?(incompatibility)
+        @derivations[incompatibility] += 1
+      else
+        @derivations[incompatibility] = 1
+        if incompatibility.conflict?
+          cause = incompatibility.cause
+          count_derivations(cause.conflict)
+          count_derivations(cause.other)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/incompatibility.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/incompatibility.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5652b5e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/incompatibility.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class Incompatibility
+    ConflictCause = Struct.new(:incompatibility, :satisfier) do
+      alias_method :conflict, :incompatibility
+      alias_method :other, :satisfier
+    end
+
+    InvalidDependency = Struct.new(:package, :constraint) do
+    end
+
+    NoVersions = Struct.new(:constraint) do
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :terms, :cause
+
+    def initialize(terms, cause:, custom_explanation: nil)
+      @cause = cause
+      @terms = cleanup_terms(terms)
+      @custom_explanation = custom_explanation
+
+      if cause == :dependency && @terms.length != 2
+        raise ArgumentError, "a dependency Incompatibility must have exactly two terms. Got #{@terms.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def hash
+      cause.hash ^ terms.hash
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      cause.eql?(other.cause) &&
+        terms.eql?(other.terms)
+    end
+
+    def failure?
+      terms.empty? || (terms.length == 1 && Package.root?(terms[0].package) && terms[0].positive?)
+    end
+
+    def conflict?
+      ConflictCause === cause
+    end
+
+    # Returns all external incompatibilities in this incompatibility's
+    # derivation graph
+    def external_incompatibilities
+      if conflict?
+        [
+          cause.conflict,
+          cause.other
+        ].flat_map(&:external_incompatibilities)
+      else
+        [this]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      return @custom_explanation if @custom_explanation
+
+      case cause
+      when :root
+        "(root dependency)"
+      when :dependency
+        "#{terms[0].to_s(allow_every: true)} depends on #{terms[1].invert}"
+      when Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::InvalidDependency
+        "#{terms[0].to_s(allow_every: true)} depends on unknown package #{cause.package}"
+      when Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::NoVersions
+        "no versions satisfy #{cause.constraint}"
+      when Gem::PubGrub::Incompatibility::ConflictCause
+        if failure?
+          "version solving has failed"
+        elsif terms.length == 1
+          term = terms[0]
+          if term.positive?
+            if term.constraint.any?
+              "#{term.package} cannot be used"
+            else
+              "#{term.to_s(allow_every: true)} cannot be used"
+            end
+          else
+            "#{term.invert} is required"
+          end
+        else
+          if terms.all?(&:positive?)
+            if terms.length == 2
+              "#{terms[0].to_s(allow_every: true)} is incompatible with #{terms[1]}"
+            else
+              "one of #{terms.map(&:to_s).join(" or ")} must be false"
+            end
+          elsif terms.all?(&:negative?)
+            if terms.length == 2
+              "either #{terms[0].invert} or #{terms[1].invert}"
+            else
+              "one of #{terms.map(&:invert).join(" or ")} must be true";
+            end
+          else
+            positive = terms.select(&:positive?)
+            negative = terms.select(&:negative?).map(&:invert)
+
+            if positive.length == 1
+              "#{positive[0].to_s(allow_every: true)} requires #{negative.join(" or ")}"
+            else
+              "if #{positive.join(" and ")} then #{negative.join(" or ")}"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        raise "unhandled cause: #{cause.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{to_s}>"
+    end
+
+    def pretty_print(q)
+      q.group 2, "#<#{self.class}", ">" do
+        q.breakable
+        q.text to_s
+
+        q.breakable
+        q.text " caused by "
+        q.pp @cause
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def cleanup_terms(terms)
+      terms.each do |term|
+        raise "#{term.inspect} must be a term" unless term.is_a?(Term)
+      end
+
+      if terms.length != 1 && ConflictCause === cause
+        terms = terms.reject do |term|
+          term.positive? && Package.root?(term.package)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Optimized simple cases
+      return terms if terms.length <= 1
+      return terms if terms.length == 2 && terms[0].package != terms[1].package
+
+      terms.group_by(&:package).map do |package, common_terms|
+        common_terms.inject do |acc, term|
+          acc.intersect(term)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/package.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/package.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6baa908f60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/package.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class Package
+
+    attr_reader :name
+
+    def initialize(name)
+      @name = name
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{name.inspect}>"
+    end
+
+    def <=>(other)
+      name <=> other.name
+    end
+
+    ROOT = Package.new(:root)
+    ROOT_VERSION = 0
+
+    def self.root
+      ROOT
+    end
+
+    def self.root_version
+      ROOT_VERSION
+    end
+
+    def self.root?(package)
+      if package.respond_to?(:root?)
+        package.root?
+      else
+        package == root
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      name.to_s
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/partial_solution.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/partial_solution.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6a6ae6964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/partial_solution.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+require_relative 'assignment'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class PartialSolution
+    attr_reader :assignments, :decisions
+    attr_reader :attempted_solutions
+
+    def initialize
+      reset!
+
+      @attempted_solutions = 1
+      @backtracking = false
+    end
+
+    def decision_level
+      @decisions.length
+    end
+
+    def relation(term)
+      package = term.package
+      return :overlap if !@terms.key?(package)
+
+      @relation_cache[package][term] ||=
+        @terms[package].relation(term)
+    end
+
+    def satisfies?(term)
+      relation(term) == :subset
+    end
+
+    def derive(term, cause)
+      add_assignment(Assignment.new(term, cause, decision_level, assignments.length))
+    end
+
+    def satisfier(term)
+      assignment =
+        @assignments_by[term.package].bsearch do |assignment_by|
+          @cumulative_assignments[assignment_by].satisfies?(term)
+        end
+
+      assignment || raise("#{term} unsatisfied")
+    end
+
+    # A list of unsatisfied terms
+    def unsatisfied
+      @required.keys.reject do |package|
+        @decisions.key?(package)
+      end.map do |package|
+        @terms[package]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def decide(package, version)
+      @attempted_solutions += 1 if @backtracking
+      @backtracking = false;
+
+      decisions[package] = version
+      assignment = Assignment.decision(package, version, decision_level, assignments.length)
+      add_assignment(assignment)
+    end
+
+    def backtrack(previous_level)
+      @backtracking = true
+
+      new_assignments = assignments.select do |assignment|
+        assignment.decision_level <= previous_level
+      end
+
+      new_decisions = Hash[decisions.first(previous_level)]
+
+      reset!
+
+      @decisions = new_decisions
+
+      new_assignments.each do |assignment|
+        add_assignment(assignment)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def reset!
+      # { Array<Assignment> }
+      @assignments = []
+
+      # { Package => Array<Assignment> }
+      @assignments_by = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }
+      @cumulative_assignments = {}.compare_by_identity
+
+      # { Package => Package::Version }
+      @decisions = {}
+
+      # { Package => Term }
+      @terms = {}
+      @relation_cache = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = {} }
+
+      # { Package => Boolean }
+      @required = {}
+    end
+
+    def add_assignment(assignment)
+      term = assignment.term
+      package = term.package
+
+      @assignments << assignment
+      @assignments_by[package] << assignment
+
+      @required[package] = true if term.positive?
+
+      if @terms.key?(package)
+        old_term = @terms[package]
+        @terms[package] = old_term.intersect(term)
+      else
+        @terms[package] = term
+      end
+      @relation_cache[package].clear
+
+      @cumulative_assignments[assignment] = @terms[package]
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60ca3ca2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  module RubyGems
+    extend self
+
+    def requirement_to_range(requirement)
+      ranges = requirement.requirements.map do |(op, ver)|
+        case op
+        when "~>"
+          name = "~> #{ver}"
+          bump = ver.class.new(ver.bump.to_s + ".A")
+          VersionRange.new(name: name, min: ver, max: bump, include_min: true)
+        when ">"
+          VersionRange.new(min: ver)
+        when ">="
+          VersionRange.new(min: ver, include_min: true)
+        when "<"
+          VersionRange.new(max: ver)
+        when "<="
+          VersionRange.new(max: ver, include_max: true)
+        when "="
+          VersionRange.new(min: ver, max: ver, include_min: true, include_max: true)
+        when "!="
+          VersionRange.new(min: ver, max: ver, include_min: true, include_max: true).invert
+        else
+          raise "bad version specifier: #{op}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      ranges.inject(&:intersect)
+    end
+
+    def requirement_to_constraint(package, requirement)
+      Gem::PubGrub::VersionConstraint.new(package, range: requirement_to_range(requirement))
+    end
+
+    def parse_range(dep)
+      requirement_to_range(Gem::Requirement.new(dep))
+    end
+
+    def parse_constraint(package, dep)
+      range = parse_range(dep)
+      Gem::PubGrub::VersionConstraint.new(package, range: range)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/solve_failure.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/solve_failure.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4181d2b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/solve_failure.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+require_relative 'failure_writer'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class SolveFailure < StandardError
+    attr_reader :incompatibility
+
+    def initialize(incompatibility)
+      @incompatibility = incompatibility
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      "Could not find compatible versions\n\n#{explanation}"
+    end
+
+    def explanation
+      @explanation ||= FailureWriter.new(@incompatibility).write
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/static_package_source.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/static_package_source.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e1de7d7a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/static_package_source.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+require_relative 'package'
+require_relative 'rubygems'
+require_relative 'version_constraint'
+require_relative 'incompatibility'
+require_relative 'basic_package_source'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class StaticPackageSource < BasicPackageSource
+    class DSL
+      def initialize(packages, root_deps)
+        @packages = packages
+        @root_deps = root_deps
+      end
+
+      def root(deps:)
+        @root_deps.update(deps)
+      end
+
+      def add(name, version, deps: {})
+        version = Gem::Version.new(version)
+        @packages[name] ||= {}
+        raise ArgumentError, "#{name} #{version} declared twice" if @packages[name].key?(version)
+        @packages[name][version] = clean_deps(name, version, deps)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Exclude redundant self-referencing dependencies
+      def clean_deps(name, version, deps)
+        deps.reject {|dep_name, req| name == dep_name && Gem::PubGrub::RubyGems.parse_range(req).include?(version) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      @root_deps = {}
+      @packages = {}
+
+      yield DSL.new(@packages, @root_deps)
+
+      super()
+    end
+
+    def all_versions_for(package)
+      @packages[package].keys
+    end
+
+    def root_dependencies
+      @root_deps
+    end
+
+    def dependencies_for(package, version)
+      @packages[package][version]
+    end
+
+    def parse_dependency(package, dependency)
+      return false unless @packages.key?(package)
+
+      Gem::PubGrub::RubyGems.parse_constraint(package, dependency)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9874cdece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class Strategy
+    def initialize(source)
+      @source = source
+
+      @root_package = Package.root
+      @root_version = Package.root_version
+
+      @version_indexes = Hash.new do |h,k|
+        if k == @root_package
+          h[k] = { @root_version => 0 }
+        else
+          h[k] = @source.all_versions_for(k).each.with_index.to_h
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def next_package_and_version(unsatisfied)
+      package, range = next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+
+      [package, most_preferred_version_of(package, range)]
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def most_preferred_version_of(package, range)
+      versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+
+      indexes = @version_indexes[package]
+      versions.min_by { |version| indexes[version] || Float::INFINITY }
+    end
+
+    def next_term_to_try_from(unsatisfied)
+      unsatisfied.min_by do |package, range|
+        matching_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range)
+        higher_versions = @source.versions_for(package, range.upper_invert)
+
+        [matching_versions.count <= 1 ? 0 : 1, higher_versions.count]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/term.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/term.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb26bdc911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/term.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class Term
+    attr_reader :package, :constraint, :positive
+
+    def initialize(constraint, positive)
+      @constraint = constraint
+      @package = @constraint.package
+      @positive = positive
+    end
+
+    def to_s(allow_every: false)
+      if positive
+        @constraint.to_s(allow_every: allow_every)
+      else
+        "not #{@constraint}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def hash
+      constraint.hash ^ positive.hash
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      positive == other.positive &&
+        constraint.eql?(other.constraint)
+    end
+
+    def invert
+      self.class.new(@constraint, !@positive)
+    end
+    alias_method :inverse, :invert
+
+    def intersect(other)
+      raise ArgumentError, "packages must match" if package != other.package
+
+      if positive? && other.positive?
+        self.class.new(constraint.intersect(other.constraint), true)
+      elsif negative? && other.negative?
+        self.class.new(constraint.union(other.constraint), false)
+      else
+        positive = positive? ? self : other
+        negative = negative? ? self : other
+        self.class.new(positive.constraint.intersect(negative.constraint.invert), true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def difference(other)
+      intersect(other.invert)
+    end
+
+    def relation(other)
+      if positive? && other.positive?
+        constraint.relation(other.constraint)
+      elsif negative? && other.positive?
+        if constraint.allows_all?(other.constraint)
+          :disjoint
+        else
+          :overlap
+        end
+      elsif positive? && other.negative?
+        if !other.constraint.allows_any?(constraint)
+          :subset
+        elsif other.constraint.allows_all?(constraint)
+          :disjoint
+        else
+          :overlap
+        end
+      elsif negative? && other.negative?
+        if constraint.allows_all?(other.constraint)
+          :subset
+        else
+          :overlap
+        end
+      else
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    def normalized_constraint
+      @normalized_constraint ||= positive ? constraint : constraint.invert
+    end
+
+    def satisfies?(other)
+      raise ArgumentError, "packages must match" unless package == other.package
+
+      relation(other) == :subset
+    end
+
+    def positive?
+      @positive
+    end
+
+    def negative?
+      !positive?
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      @empty ||= normalized_constraint.empty?
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{self}>"
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5701bf0656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  VERSION = "0.5.0"
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee998b3271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+require_relative 'version_range'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class VersionConstraint
+    attr_reader :package, :range
+
+    # @param package [Gem::PubGrub::Package]
+    # @param range [Gem::PubGrub::VersionRange]
+    def initialize(package, range: nil)
+      @package = package
+      @range = range
+    end
+
+    def hash
+      package.hash ^ range.hash
+    end
+
+    def ==(other)
+      package == other.package &&
+        range == other.range
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      package.eql?(other.package) &&
+        range.eql?(other.range)
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      def exact(package, version)
+        range = VersionRange.new(min: version, max: version, include_min: true, include_max: true)
+        new(package, range: range)
+      end
+
+      def any(package)
+        new(package, range: VersionRange.any)
+      end
+
+      def empty(package)
+        new(package, range: VersionRange.empty)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def intersect(other)
+      unless package == other.package
+        raise ArgumentError, "Can only intersect between VersionConstraint of the same package"
+      end
+
+      self.class.new(package, range: range.intersect(other.range))
+    end
+
+    def union(other)
+      unless package == other.package
+        raise ArgumentError, "Can only intersect between VersionConstraint of the same package"
+      end
+
+      self.class.new(package, range: range.union(other.range))
+    end
+
+    def invert
+      new_range = range.invert
+      self.class.new(package, range: new_range)
+    end
+
+    def difference(other)
+      intersect(other.invert)
+    end
+
+    def allows_all?(other)
+      range.allows_all?(other.range)
+    end
+
+    def allows_any?(other)
+      range.intersects?(other.range)
+    end
+
+    def subset?(other)
+      other.allows_all?(self)
+    end
+
+    def overlap?(other)
+      other.allows_any?(self)
+    end
+
+    def disjoint?(other)
+      !overlap?(other)
+    end
+
+    def relation(other)
+      if subset?(other)
+        :subset
+      elsif overlap?(other)
+        :overlap
+      else
+        :disjoint
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_s(allow_every: false)
+      if Package.root?(package)
+        package.to_s
+      elsif allow_every && any?
+        "every version of #{package}"
+      else
+        "#{package} #{constraint_string}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def constraint_string
+      if any?
+        ">= 0"
+      else
+        range.to_s
+      end
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      range.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Does this match every version of the package
+    def any?
+      range.any?
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{self}>"
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa0e2d5742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class VersionRange
+    attr_reader :min, :max, :include_min, :include_max
+
+    alias_method :include_min?, :include_min
+    alias_method :include_max?, :include_max
+
+    class Empty < VersionRange
+      undef_method :min, :max
+      undef_method :include_min, :include_min?
+      undef_method :include_max, :include_max?
+
+      def initialize
+      end
+
+      def empty?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def eql?(other)
+        other.empty?
+      end
+
+      def hash
+        [].hash
+      end
+
+      def intersects?(_)
+        false
+      end
+
+      def intersect(other)
+        self
+      end
+
+      def allows_all?(other)
+        other.empty?
+      end
+
+      def include?(_)
+        false
+      end
+
+      def any?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        "(no versions)"
+      end
+
+      def ==(other)
+        other.class == self.class
+      end
+
+      def invert
+        VersionRange.any
+      end
+
+      def select_versions(_)
+        []
+      end
+    end
+
+    EMPTY = Empty.new
+    Empty.singleton_class.undef_method(:new)
+
+    def self.empty
+      EMPTY
+    end
+
+    def self.any
+      new
+    end
+
+    def initialize(min: nil, max: nil, include_min: false, include_max: false, name: nil)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Ranges without a lower bound cannot have include_min == true" if !min && include_min == true
+      raise ArgumentError, "Ranges without an upper bound cannot have include_max == true" if !max && include_max == true
+
+      @min = min
+      @max = max
+      @include_min = include_min
+      @include_max = include_max
+      @name = name
+    end
+
+    def hash
+      @hash ||= min.hash ^ max.hash ^ include_min.hash ^ include_max.hash
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      if other.is_a?(VersionRange)
+        !other.empty? &&
+          min.eql?(other.min) &&
+          max.eql?(other.max) &&
+          include_min.eql?(other.include_min) &&
+          include_max.eql?(other.include_max)
+      else
+        ranges.eql?(other.ranges)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def ranges
+      [self]
+    end
+
+    def include?(version)
+      compare_version(version) == 0
+    end
+
+    # Partitions passed versions into [lower, within, higher]
+    #
+    # versions must be sorted
+    def partition_versions(versions)
+      min_index =
+        if !min || versions.empty?
+          0
+        elsif include_min?
+          (0..versions.size).bsearch { |i| versions[i].nil? || versions[i] >= min }
+        else
+          (0..versions.size).bsearch { |i| versions[i].nil? || versions[i] > min }
+        end
+
+      lower = versions.slice(0, min_index)
+      versions = versions.slice(min_index, versions.size)
+
+      max_index =
+        if !max || versions.empty?
+          versions.size
+        elsif include_max?
+          (0..versions.size).bsearch { |i| versions[i].nil? || versions[i] > max }
+        else
+          (0..versions.size).bsearch { |i| versions[i].nil? || versions[i] >= max }
+        end
+
+      [
+        lower,
+        versions.slice(0, max_index),
+        versions.slice(max_index, versions.size)
+      ]
+    end
+
+    # Returns versions which are included by this range.
+    #
+    # versions must be sorted
+    def select_versions(versions)
+      return versions if any?
+
+      partition_versions(versions)[1]
+    end
+
+    def compare_version(version)
+      if min
+        case version <=> min
+        when -1
+          return -1
+        when 0
+          return -1 if !include_min
+        when 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      if max
+        case version <=> max
+        when -1
+        when 0
+          return 1 if !include_max
+        when 1
+          return 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      0
+    end
+
+    def strictly_lower?(other)
+      return false if !max || !other.min
+
+      case max <=> other.min
+      when 0
+        !include_max || !other.include_min
+      when -1
+        true
+      when 1
+        false
+      end
+    end
+
+    def strictly_higher?(other)
+      other.strictly_lower?(self)
+    end
+
+    def intersects?(other)
+      return false if other.empty?
+      return other.intersects?(self) if other.is_a?(VersionUnion)
+      !strictly_lower?(other) && !strictly_higher?(other)
+    end
+    alias_method :allows_any?, :intersects?
+
+    def intersect(other)
+      return other if other.empty?
+      return other.intersect(self) if other.is_a?(VersionUnion)
+
+      min_range =
+        if !min
+          other
+        elsif !other.min
+          self
+        else
+          case min <=> other.min
+          when 0
+            include_min ? other : self
+          when -1
+            other
+          when 1
+            self
+          end
+        end
+
+      max_range =
+        if !max
+          other
+        elsif !other.max
+          self
+        else
+          case max <=> other.max
+          when 0
+            include_max ? other : self
+          when -1
+            self
+          when 1
+            other
+          end
+        end
+
+      if !min_range.equal?(max_range) && min_range.min && max_range.max
+        case min_range.min <=> max_range.max
+        when -1
+        when 0
+          if !min_range.include_min || !max_range.include_max
+            return EMPTY
+          end
+        when 1
+          return EMPTY
+        end
+      end
+
+      VersionRange.new(
+        min: min_range.min,
+        include_min: min_range.include_min,
+        max: max_range.max,
+        include_max: max_range.include_max
+      )
+    end
+
+    # The span covered by two ranges
+    #
+    # If self and other are contiguous, this builds a union of the two ranges.
+    # (if they aren't you are probably calling the wrong method)
+    def span(other)
+      return self if other.empty?
+
+      min_range =
+        if !min
+          self
+        elsif !other.min
+          other
+        else
+          case min <=> other.min
+          when 0
+            include_min ? self : other
+          when -1
+            self
+          when 1
+            other
+          end
+        end
+
+      max_range =
+        if !max
+          self
+        elsif !other.max
+          other
+        else
+          case max <=> other.max
+          when 0
+            include_max ? self : other
+          when -1
+            other
+          when 1
+            self
+          end
+        end
+
+      VersionRange.new(
+        min: min_range.min,
+        include_min: min_range.include_min,
+        max: max_range.max,
+        include_max: max_range.include_max
+      )
+    end
+
+    def union(other)
+      return other.union(self) if other.is_a?(VersionUnion)
+
+      if contiguous_to?(other)
+        span(other)
+      else
+        VersionUnion.union([self, other])
+      end
+    end
+
+    def contiguous_to?(other)
+      return false if other.empty?
+      return true if any?
+
+      intersects?(other) || contiguous_below?(other) || contiguous_above?(other)
+    end
+
+    def contiguous_below?(other)
+      return false if !max || !other.min
+
+      max == other.min && (include_max || other.include_min)
+    end
+
+    def contiguous_above?(other)
+      other.contiguous_below?(self)
+    end
+
+    def allows_all?(other)
+      return true if other.empty?
+
+      if other.is_a?(VersionUnion)
+        return VersionUnion.new([self]).allows_all?(other)
+      end
+
+      return false if max && !other.max
+      return false if min && !other.min
+
+      if min
+        case min <=> other.min
+        when -1
+        when 0
+          return false if !include_min && other.include_min
+        when 1
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+
+      if max
+        case max <=> other.max
+        when -1
+          return false
+        when 0
+          return false if !include_max && other.include_max
+        when 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    def any?
+      !min && !max
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      false
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      @name ||= constraints.join(", ")
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{to_s}>"
+    end
+
+    def upper_invert
+      return self.class.empty unless max
+
+      VersionRange.new(min: max, include_min: !include_max)
+    end
+
+    def invert
+      return self.class.empty if any?
+
+      low = -> { VersionRange.new(max: min, include_max: !include_min) }
+      high = -> { VersionRange.new(min: max, include_min: !include_max) }
+
+      if !min
+        high.call
+      elsif !max
+        low.call
+      else
+        low.call.union(high.call)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def ==(other)
+      self.class == other.class &&
+        min == other.min &&
+        max == other.max &&
+        include_min == other.include_min &&
+        include_max == other.include_max
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def constraints
+      return ["any"] if any?
+      return ["= #{min}"] if min.to_s == max.to_s
+
+      c = []
+      c << "#{include_min ? ">=" : ">"} #{min}" if min
+      c << "#{include_max ? "<=" : "<"} #{max}" if max
+      c
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3341d8fe3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+require_relative 'partial_solution'
+require_relative 'term'
+require_relative 'incompatibility'
+require_relative 'solve_failure'
+require_relative 'strategy'
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class VersionSolver
+    attr_reader :logger
+    attr_reader :source
+    attr_reader :solution
+    attr_reader :strategy
+
+    def initialize(source:, root: Package.root, strategy: Strategy.new(source), logger: Gem::PubGrub.logger)
+      @logger = logger
+
+      @source = source
+      @strategy = strategy
+
+      # { package => [incompatibility, ...]}
+      @incompatibilities = Hash.new do |h, k|
+        h[k] = []
+      end
+
+      @seen_incompatibilities = {}
+
+      @solution = PartialSolution.new
+
+      add_incompatibility Incompatibility.new([
+        Term.new(VersionConstraint.any(root), false)
+      ], cause: :root)
+
+      propagate(root)
+    end
+
+    def solved?
+      solution.unsatisfied.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if there is more work to be done, false otherwise
+    def work
+      unsatisfied_terms = solution.unsatisfied
+      if unsatisfied_terms.empty?
+        logger.info { "Solution found after #{solution.attempted_solutions} attempts:" }
+        solution.decisions.each do |package, version|
+          next if Package.root?(package)
+          logger.info { "* #{package} #{version}" }
+        end
+
+        return false
+      end
+
+      next_package = choose_package_version_from(unsatisfied_terms)
+      propagate(next_package)
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    def solve
+      while work; end
+
+      solution.decisions
+    end
+
+    alias_method :result, :solve
+
+    private
+
+    def propagate(initial_package)
+      changed = [initial_package]
+      while package = changed.shift
+        @incompatibilities[package].reverse_each do |incompatibility|
+          result = propagate_incompatibility(incompatibility)
+          if result == :conflict
+            root_cause = resolve_conflict(incompatibility)
+            changed.clear
+            changed << propagate_incompatibility(root_cause)
+          elsif result # should be a Package
+            changed << result
+          end
+        end
+        changed.uniq!
+      end
+    end
+
+    def propagate_incompatibility(incompatibility)
+      unsatisfied = nil
+      incompatibility.terms.each do |term|
+        relation = solution.relation(term)
+        if relation == :disjoint
+          return nil
+        elsif relation == :overlap
+          # If more than one term is inconclusive, we can't deduce anything
+          return nil if unsatisfied
+          unsatisfied = term
+        end
+      end
+
+      if !unsatisfied
+        return :conflict
+      end
+
+      logger.debug { "derived: #{unsatisfied.invert}" }
+
+      solution.derive(unsatisfied.invert, incompatibility)
+
+      unsatisfied.package
+    end
+
+    def choose_package_version_from(unsatisfied_terms)
+      remaining = unsatisfied_terms.map { |t| [t.package, t.constraint.range] }.to_h
+
+      package, version = strategy.next_package_and_version(remaining)
+
+      logger.debug { "attempting #{package} #{version}" }
+
+      if version.nil?
+        unsatisfied_term = unsatisfied_terms.find { |t| t.package == package }
+        add_incompatibility source.no_versions_incompatibility_for(package, unsatisfied_term)
+        return package
+      end
+
+      conflict = false
+
+      source.incompatibilities_for(package, version).each do |incompatibility|
+        if @seen_incompatibilities.include?(incompatibility)
+          logger.debug { "knew: #{incompatibility}" }
+          next
+        end
+        @seen_incompatibilities[incompatibility] = true
+
+        add_incompatibility incompatibility
+
+        conflict ||= incompatibility.terms.all? do |term|
+          term.package == package || solution.satisfies?(term)
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless conflict
+        logger.info { "selected #{package} #{version}" }
+
+        solution.decide(package, version)
+      else
+        logger.info { "conflict: #{conflict.inspect}" }
+      end
+
+      package
+    end
+
+    def resolve_conflict(incompatibility)
+      logger.info { "conflict: #{incompatibility}" }
+
+      new_incompatibility = nil
+
+      while !incompatibility.failure?
+        most_recent_term = nil
+        most_recent_satisfier = nil
+        difference = nil
+
+        previous_level = 1
+
+        incompatibility.terms.each do |term|
+          satisfier = solution.satisfier(term)
+
+          if most_recent_satisfier.nil?
+            most_recent_term = term
+            most_recent_satisfier = satisfier
+          elsif most_recent_satisfier.index < satisfier.index
+            previous_level = [previous_level, most_recent_satisfier.decision_level].max
+            most_recent_term = term
+            most_recent_satisfier = satisfier
+            difference = nil
+          else
+            previous_level = [previous_level, satisfier.decision_level].max
+          end
+
+          if most_recent_term == term
+            difference = most_recent_satisfier.term.difference(most_recent_term)
+            if difference.empty?
+              difference = nil
+            else
+              difference_satisfier = solution.satisfier(difference.inverse)
+              previous_level = [previous_level, difference_satisfier.decision_level].max
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        if previous_level < most_recent_satisfier.decision_level ||
+            most_recent_satisfier.decision?
+
+          logger.info { "backtracking to #{previous_level}" }
+          solution.backtrack(previous_level)
+
+          if new_incompatibility
+            add_incompatibility(new_incompatibility)
+          end
+
+          return incompatibility
+        end
+
+        new_terms = []
+        new_terms += incompatibility.terms - [most_recent_term]
+        new_terms += most_recent_satisfier.cause.terms.reject { |term|
+          term.package == most_recent_satisfier.term.package
+        }
+        if difference
+          new_terms << difference.invert
+        end
+
+        new_incompatibility = Incompatibility.new(new_terms, cause: Incompatibility::ConflictCause.new(incompatibility, most_recent_satisfier.cause))
+
+        if incompatibility.to_s == new_incompatibility.to_s
+          logger.info { "!! failed to resolve conflicts, this shouldn't have happened" }
+          break
+        end
+
+        incompatibility = new_incompatibility
+
+        partially = difference ? " partially" : ""
+        logger.info { "! #{most_recent_term} is#{partially} satisfied by #{most_recent_satisfier.term}" }
+        logger.info { "! which is caused by #{most_recent_satisfier.cause}" }
+        logger.info { "! thus #{incompatibility}" }
+      end
+
+      raise SolveFailure.new(incompatibility)
+    end
+
+    def add_incompatibility(incompatibility)
+      logger.debug { "fact: #{incompatibility}" }
+      incompatibility.terms.each do |term|
+        package = term.package
+        @incompatibilities[package] << incompatibility
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4166318a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Gem::PubGrub
+  class VersionUnion
+    attr_reader :ranges
+
+    def self.normalize_ranges(ranges)
+      ranges = ranges.flat_map do |range|
+        range.ranges
+      end
+
+      ranges.reject!(&:empty?)
+
+      return [] if ranges.empty?
+
+      mins, ranges = ranges.partition { |r| !r.min }
+      original_ranges = mins + ranges.sort_by { |r| [r.min, r.include_min ? 0 : 1] }
+      ranges = [original_ranges.shift]
+      original_ranges.each do |range|
+        if ranges.last.contiguous_to?(range)
+          ranges << ranges.pop.span(range)
+        else
+          ranges << range
+        end
+      end
+
+      ranges
+    end
+
+    def self.union(ranges, normalize: true)
+      ranges = normalize_ranges(ranges) if normalize
+
+      if ranges.size == 0
+        VersionRange.empty
+      elsif ranges.size == 1
+        ranges[0]
+      else
+        new(ranges)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(ranges)
+      raise ArgumentError unless ranges.all? { |r| r.instance_of?(VersionRange) }
+      @ranges = ranges
+    end
+
+    def hash
+      ranges.hash
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      ranges.eql?(other.ranges)
+    end
+
+    def include?(version)
+      !!ranges.bsearch {|r| r.compare_version(version) }
+    end
+
+    def select_versions(all_versions)
+      versions = []
+      ranges.inject(all_versions) do |acc, range|
+        _, matching, higher = range.partition_versions(acc)
+        versions.concat matching
+        higher
+      end
+      versions
+    end
+
+    def intersects?(other)
+      my_ranges = ranges.dup
+      other_ranges = other.ranges.dup
+
+      my_range = my_ranges.shift
+      other_range = other_ranges.shift
+      while my_range && other_range
+        if my_range.intersects?(other_range)
+          return true
+        end
+
+        if !my_range.max || other_range.empty? || (other_range.max && other_range.max < my_range.max)
+          other_range = other_ranges.shift
+        else
+          my_range = my_ranges.shift
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    alias_method :allows_any?, :intersects?
+
+    def allows_all?(other)
+      my_ranges = ranges.dup
+
+      my_range = my_ranges.shift
+
+      other.ranges.all? do |other_range|
+        while my_range
+          break if my_range.allows_all?(other_range)
+          my_range = my_ranges.shift
+        end
+
+        !!my_range
+      end
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      false
+    end
+
+    def any?
+      false
+    end
+
+    def intersect(other)
+      my_ranges = ranges.dup
+      other_ranges = other.ranges.dup
+      new_ranges = []
+
+      my_range = my_ranges.shift
+      other_range = other_ranges.shift
+      while my_range && other_range
+        new_ranges << my_range.intersect(other_range)
+
+        if !my_range.max || other_range.empty? || (other_range.max && other_range.max < my_range.max)
+          other_range = other_ranges.shift
+        else
+          my_range = my_ranges.shift
+        end
+      end
+      new_ranges.reject!(&:empty?)
+      VersionUnion.union(new_ranges, normalize: false)
+    end
+
+    def upper_invert
+      ranges.last.upper_invert
+    end
+
+    def invert
+      ranges.map(&:invert).inject(:intersect)
+    end
+
+    def union(other)
+      VersionUnion.union([self, other])
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      output = []
+
+      ranges = self.ranges.dup
+      while !ranges.empty?
+        ne = []
+        range = ranges.shift
+        while !ranges.empty? && ranges[0].min.to_s == range.max.to_s
+          ne << range.max
+          range = range.span(ranges.shift)
+        end
+
+        ne.map! {|x| "!= #{x}" }
+        if ne.empty?
+          output << range.to_s
+        elsif range.any?
+          output << ne.join(', ')
+        else
+          output << "#{range}, #{ne.join(', ')}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      output.join(" OR ")
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{to_s}>"
+    end
+
+    def ==(other)
+      self.class == other.class &&
+        self.ranges == other.ranges
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/resolv/lib/resolv.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/resolv/lib/resolv.rb
index 4d95e5fc7f..4f48e0642b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/resolv/lib/resolv.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/resolv/lib/resolv.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require 'socket'
-require_relative '../../timeout/lib/timeout'
+require_relative '../../../vendored_timeout'
 require 'io/wait'
 require_relative '../../../vendored_securerandom'
+require 'rbconfig'
 
 # Gem::Resolv is a thread-aware DNS resolver library written in Ruby.  Gem::Resolv can
 # handle multiple DNS requests concurrently without blocking the entire Ruby
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ require_relative '../../../vendored_securerandom'
 
 class Gem::Resolv
 
-  VERSION = "0.6.0"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "0.7.0"
 
   ##
   # Looks up the first IP address for +name+.
@@ -177,14 +179,15 @@ class Gem::Resolv
   # Gem::Resolv::Hosts is a hostname resolver that uses the system hosts file.
 
   class Hosts
-    if /mswin|mingw|cygwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM and
+    if /mswin|cygwin|mingw|bccwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM || ::RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /mswin/
       begin
-        require 'win32/resolv'
-        DefaultFileName = Win32::Resolv.get_hosts_path || IO::NULL
+        require 'win32/resolv' unless defined?(Win32::Resolv)
+        hosts = Win32::Resolv.get_hosts_path || IO::NULL
       rescue LoadError
       end
     end
-    DefaultFileName ||= '/etc/hosts'
+    # The default file name for host names
+    DefaultFileName = hosts || '/etc/hosts'
 
     ##
     # Creates a new Gem::Resolv::Hosts, using +filename+ for its data source.
@@ -522,6 +525,8 @@ class Gem::Resolv
       }
     end
 
+    # :stopdoc:
+
     def fetch_resource(name, typeclass)
       lazy_initialize
       truncated = {}
@@ -659,8 +664,20 @@ class Gem::Resolv
       }
     end
 
-    def self.bind_random_port(udpsock, bind_host="0.0.0.0") # :nodoc:
-      begin
+    case RUBY_PLATFORM
+    when *[
+      # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6056.txt
+      # Appendix A. Survey of the Algorithms in Use by Some Popular Implementations
+      /freebsd/, /linux/, /netbsd/, /openbsd/, /solaris/,
+      /darwin/, # the same as FreeBSD
+    ] then
+      def self.bind_random_port(udpsock, bind_host="0.0.0.0") # :nodoc:
+        udpsock.bind(bind_host, 0)
+      end
+    else
+      # Sequential port assignment
+      def self.bind_random_port(udpsock, bind_host="0.0.0.0") # :nodoc:
+        # Ephemeral port number range recommended by RFC 6056
         port = random(1024..65535)
         udpsock.bind(bind_host, port)
       rescue Errno::EADDRINUSE, # POSIX
@@ -983,13 +1000,13 @@ class Gem::Resolv
             next unless keyword
             case keyword
             when 'nameserver'
-              nameserver.concat(args)
+              nameserver.concat(args.each(&:freeze))
             when 'domain'
               next if args.empty?
-              search = [args[0]]
+              search = [args[0].freeze]
             when 'search'
               next if args.empty?
-              search = args
+              search = args.each(&:freeze)
             when 'options'
               args.each {|arg|
                 case arg
@@ -1000,22 +1017,21 @@ class Gem::Resolv
             end
           }
         }
-        return { :nameserver => nameserver, :search => search, :ndots => ndots }
+        return { :nameserver => nameserver.freeze, :search => search.freeze, :ndots => ndots.freeze }.freeze
       end
 
       def Config.default_config_hash(filename="/etc/resolv.conf")
         if File.exist? filename
-          config_hash = Config.parse_resolv_conf(filename)
+          Config.parse_resolv_conf(filename)
+        elsif defined?(Win32::Resolv)
+          search, nameserver = Win32::Resolv.get_resolv_info
+          config_hash = {}
+          config_hash[:nameserver] = nameserver if nameserver
+          config_hash[:search] = [search].flatten if search
+          config_hash
         else
-          if /mswin|cygwin|mingw|bccwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
-            require 'win32/resolv'
-            search, nameserver = Win32::Resolv.get_resolv_info
-            config_hash = {}
-            config_hash[:nameserver] = nameserver if nameserver
-            config_hash[:search] = [search].flatten if search
-          end
+          {}
         end
-        config_hash || {}
       end
 
       def lazy_initialize
@@ -1664,6 +1680,7 @@ class Gem::Resolv
           prev_index = @index
           save_index = nil
           d = []
+          size = -1
           while true
             raise DecodeError.new("limit exceeded") if @limit <= @index
             case @data.getbyte(@index)
@@ -1684,7 +1701,10 @@ class Gem::Resolv
               end
               @index = idx
             else
-              d << self.get_label
+              l = self.get_label
+              d << l
+              size += 1 + l.string.bytesize
+              raise DecodeError.new("name label data exceed 255 octets") if size > 255
             end
           end
         end
@@ -2110,7 +2130,14 @@ class Gem::Resolv
 
       attr_reader :ttl
 
-      ClassHash = {} # :nodoc:
+      ClassHash = Module.new do
+        module_function
+
+        def []=(type_class_value, klass)
+          type_value, class_value = type_class_value
+          Resource.const_set(:"Type#{type_value}_Class#{class_value}", klass)
+        end
+      end
 
       def encode_rdata(msg) # :nodoc:
         raise NotImplementedError.new
@@ -2148,7 +2175,9 @@ class Gem::Resolv
       end
 
       def self.get_class(type_value, class_value) # :nodoc:
-        return ClassHash[[type_value, class_value]] ||
+        cache = :"Type#{type_value}_Class#{class_value}"
+
+        return (const_defined?(cache) && const_get(cache)) ||
                Generic.create(type_value, class_value)
       end
 
@@ -2577,7 +2606,7 @@ class Gem::Resolv
         end
 
         ##
-        # Flags for this proprty:
+        # Flags for this property:
         # - Bit 0 : 0 = not critical, 1 = critical
 
         attr_reader :flags
@@ -2898,15 +2927,21 @@ class Gem::Resolv
 
   class IPv4
 
-    ##
-    # Regular expression IPv4 addresses must match.
-
     Regex256 = /0
                |1(?:[0-9][0-9]?)?
                |2(?:[0-4][0-9]?|5[0-5]?|[6-9])?
-               |[3-9][0-9]?/x
+               |[3-9][0-9]?/x # :nodoc:
+
+    ##
+    # Regular expression IPv4 addresses must match.
     Regex = /\A(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\.(#{Regex256})\z/
 
+    ##
+    # Creates a new IPv4 address from +arg+ which may be:
+    #
+    # IPv4:: returns +arg+.
+    # String:: +arg+ must match the IPv4::Regex constant
+
     def self.create(arg)
       case arg
       when IPv4
@@ -3215,13 +3250,15 @@ class Gem::Resolv
 
   end
 
-  module LOC
+  module LOC # :nodoc:
 
     ##
     # A Gem::Resolv::LOC::Size
 
     class Size
 
+      # Regular expression LOC size must match.
+
       Regex = /^(\d+\.*\d*)[m]$/
 
       ##
@@ -3247,6 +3284,7 @@ class Gem::Resolv
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(scalar)
         @scalar = scalar
       end
@@ -3284,6 +3322,8 @@ class Gem::Resolv
 
     class Coord
 
+      # Regular expression LOC Coord must match.
+
       Regex = /^(\d+)\s(\d+)\s(\d+\.\d+)\s([NESW])$/
 
       ##
@@ -3313,6 +3353,7 @@ class Gem::Resolv
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(coordinates,orientation)
         unless coordinates.kind_of?(String)
           raise ArgumentError.new("Coord must be a 32bit unsigned integer in hex format: #{coordinates.inspect}")
@@ -3375,6 +3416,8 @@ class Gem::Resolv
 
     class Alt
 
+      # Regular expression LOC Alt must match.
+
       Regex = /^([+-]*\d+\.*\d*)[m]$/
 
       ##
@@ -3400,6 +3443,7 @@ class Gem::Resolv
         end
       end
 
+      # Internal use; use self.create.
       def initialize(altitude)
         @altitude = altitude
       end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/timeout/lib/timeout.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/timeout/lib/timeout.rb
index 455c504f47..376b8c0e2b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/timeout/lib/timeout.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/timeout/lib/timeout.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 module Gem::Timeout
   # The version
-  VERSION = "0.4.3"
+  VERSION = "0.4.4"
 
   # Internal error raised to when a timeout is triggered.
   class ExitException < Exception
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ module Gem::Timeout
 
   def self.ensure_timeout_thread_created
     unless @timeout_thread and @timeout_thread.alive?
+      # If the Mutex is already owned we are in a signal handler.
+      # In that case, just return and let the main thread create the @timeout_thread.
+      return if TIMEOUT_THREAD_MUTEX.owned?
       TIMEOUT_THREAD_MUTEX.synchronize do
         unless @timeout_thread and @timeout_thread.alive?
           @timeout_thread = create_timeout_thread
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
index f0755f5fdc..e9bdfa6a07 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ module Gem::URI
     remove_const(:Parser) if defined?(::Gem::URI::Parser)
     const_set("Parser", parser.class)
 
+    remove_const(:PARSER) if defined?(::Gem::URI::PARSER)
+    const_set("PARSER", parser)
+
     remove_const(:REGEXP) if defined?(::Gem::URI::REGEXP)
     remove_const(:PATTERN) if defined?(::Gem::URI::PATTERN)
     if Parser == RFC2396_Parser
@@ -49,10 +52,10 @@ module Gem::URI
       warn "Gem::URI::REGEXP is obsolete. Use Gem::URI::RFC2396_REGEXP explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       Gem::URI::RFC2396_REGEXP
     elsif value = RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[const]
-      warn "Gem::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[#{const.inspect}] explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
+      warn "Gem::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use Gem::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.regexp[#{const.inspect}] explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       value
     elsif value = RFC2396_Parser.const_get(const)
-      warn "Gem::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use RFC2396_Parser::#{const} explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
+      warn "Gem::URI::#{const} is obsolete. Use Gem::URI::RFC2396_Parser::#{const} explicitly.", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
       value
     else
       super
@@ -92,6 +95,40 @@ module Gem::URI
   end
 
   module Schemes # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      ReservedChars = ".+-"
+      EscapedChars = "\u01C0\u01C1\u01C2"
+      # Use Lo category chars as escaped chars for TruffleRuby, which
+      # does not allow Symbol categories as identifiers.
+
+      def escape(name)
+        unless name and name.ascii_only?
+          return nil
+        end
+        name.upcase.tr(ReservedChars, EscapedChars)
+      end
+
+      def unescape(name)
+        name.tr(EscapedChars, ReservedChars).encode(Encoding::US_ASCII).upcase
+      end
+
+      def find(name)
+        const_get(name, false) if name and const_defined?(name, false)
+      end
+
+      def register(name, klass)
+        unless scheme = escape(name)
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid character as scheme - #{name}"
+        end
+        const_set(scheme, klass)
+      end
+
+      def list
+        constants.map { |name|
+          [unescape(name.to_s), const_get(name)]
+        }.to_h
+      end
+    end
   end
   private_constant :Schemes
 
@@ -104,7 +141,7 @@ module Gem::URI
   # Note that after calling String#upcase on +scheme+, it must be a valid
   # constant name.
   def self.register_scheme(scheme, klass)
-    Schemes.const_set(scheme.to_s.upcase, klass)
+    Schemes.register(scheme, klass)
   end
 
   # Returns a hash of the defined schemes:
@@ -122,14 +159,14 @@ module Gem::URI
   #
   # Related: Gem::URI.register_scheme.
   def self.scheme_list
-    Schemes.constants.map { |name|
-      [name.to_s.upcase, Schemes.const_get(name)]
-    }.to_h
+    Schemes.list
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   INITIAL_SCHEMES = scheme_list
   private_constant :INITIAL_SCHEMES
   Ractor.make_shareable(INITIAL_SCHEMES) if defined?(Ractor)
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # Returns a new object constructed from the given +scheme+, +arguments+,
   # and +default+:
@@ -148,12 +185,10 @@ module Gem::URI
   #   # => #<Gem::URI::HTTP foo://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
   def self.for(scheme, *arguments, default: Generic)
-    const_name = scheme.to_s.upcase
+    const_name = Schemes.escape(scheme)
 
     uri_class = INITIAL_SCHEMES[const_name]
-    uri_class ||= if /\A[A-Z]\w*\z/.match?(const_name) && Schemes.const_defined?(const_name, false)
-      Schemes.const_get(const_name, false)
-    end
+    uri_class ||= Schemes.find(const_name)
     uri_class ||= default
 
     return uri_class.new(scheme, *arguments)
@@ -195,7 +230,7 @@ module Gem::URI
   #    ["fragment", "top"]]
   #
   def self.split(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.split(uri)
+    PARSER.split(uri)
   end
 
   # Returns a new \Gem::URI object constructed from the given string +uri+:
@@ -205,11 +240,11 @@ module Gem::URI
   #   Gem::URI.parse('http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top')
   #   # => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
-  # It's recommended to first ::escape string +uri+
+  # It's recommended to first Gem::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape string +uri+
   # if it may contain invalid Gem::URI characters.
   #
   def self.parse(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.parse(uri)
+    PARSER.parse(uri)
   end
 
   # Merges the given Gem::URI strings +str+
@@ -265,7 +300,7 @@ module Gem::URI
   #
   def self.extract(str, schemes = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
     warn "Gem::URI.extract is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
+    PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
   end
 
   #
@@ -302,7 +337,7 @@ module Gem::URI
   #
   def self.regexp(schemes = nil)# :nodoc:
     warn "Gem::URI.regexp is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
+    PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
   end
 
   TBLENCWWWCOMP_ = {} # :nodoc:
@@ -407,6 +442,8 @@ module Gem::URI
     _decode_uri_component(/%\h\h/, str, enc)
   end
 
+  # Returns a string derived from the given string +str+ with
+  # Gem::URI-encoded characters matching +regexp+ according to +table+.
   def self._encode_uri_component(regexp, table, str, enc)
     str = str.to_s.dup
     if str.encoding != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
@@ -421,6 +458,8 @@ module Gem::URI
   end
   private_class_method :_encode_uri_component
 
+  # Returns a string decoding characters matching +regexp+ from the
+  # given \URL-encoded string +str+.
   def self._decode_uri_component(regexp, str, enc)
     raise ArgumentError, "invalid %-encoding (#{str})" if /%(?!\h\h)/.match?(str)
     str.b.gsub(regexp, TBLDECWWWCOMP_).force_encoding(enc)
@@ -859,6 +898,7 @@ module Gem
   # Returns a \Gem::URI object derived from the given +uri+,
   # which may be a \Gem::URI string or an existing \Gem::URI object:
   #
+  #   require 'rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri'
   #   # Returns a new Gem::URI.
   #   uri = Gem::URI('http://github.com/ruby/ruby')
   #   # => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
@@ -866,6 +906,8 @@ module Gem
   #   Gem::URI(uri)
   #   # => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
   #
+  # You must require 'rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri' to use this method.
+  #
   def URI(uri)
     if uri.is_a?(Gem::URI::Generic)
       uri
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
index 768755fc2d..391c499716 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     #       :path => '/ruby/src'})
     #     uri2.to_s  # => "file://host.example.com/ruby/src"
     #
-    #     uri3 = Gem::URI::File.build({:path => Gem::URI::escape('/path/my file.txt')})
+    #     uri3 = Gem::URI::File.build({:path => Gem::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape('/path/my file.txt')})
     #     uri3.to_s  # => "file:///path/my%20file.txt"
     #
     def self.build(args)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
index 2eabe2b4e3..d0bc77dfda 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     #
     # At first, tries to create a new Gem::URI::Generic instance using
     # Gem::URI::Generic::build. But, if exception Gem::URI::InvalidComponentError is raised,
-    # then it does Gem::URI::Escape.escape all Gem::URI components and tries again.
+    # then it does Gem::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape all Gem::URI components and tries again.
     #
     def self.build2(args)
       begin
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ module Gem::URI
           end
         end
       else
-        component = self.class.component rescue ::Gem::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
+        component = self.component rescue ::Gem::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
         raise ArgumentError,
-        "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self.class} (#{component.join(', ')})"
+              "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self} (#{component.join(', ')})"
       end
 
       tmp << nil
@@ -186,18 +186,18 @@ module Gem::URI
 
       if arg_check
         self.scheme = scheme
-        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.hostname = host
         self.port = port
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.path = path
         self.query = query
         self.opaque = opaque
         self.fragment = fragment
       else
         self.set_scheme(scheme)
-        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_host(host)
         self.set_port(port)
+        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_path(path)
         self.query = query
         self.set_opaque(opaque)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     # Returns the parser to be used.
     #
-    # Unless a Gem::URI::Parser is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
+    # Unless the +parser+ is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
     #
     def parser
       if !defined?(@parser) || !@parser
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :SCHEME.
+    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :SCHEME.
     #
     def check_scheme(v)
       if v && parser.regexp[:SCHEME] !~ v
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the user +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the password +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ module Gem::URI
         user, password = split_userinfo(user)
       end
       @user     = user
-      @password = password if password
+      @password = password
 
       [@user, @password]
     end
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     # See also Gem::URI::Generic.user=.
     #
     def set_user(v)
-      set_userinfo(v, @password)
+      set_userinfo(v, nil)
       v
     end
     protected :set_user
@@ -574,6 +574,12 @@ module Gem::URI
       @password
     end
 
+    # Returns the authority info (array of user, password, host and
+    # port), if any is set.  Or returns +nil+.
+    def authority
+      return @user, @password, @host, @port if @user || @password || @host || @port
+    end
+
     # Returns the user component after Gem::URI decoding.
     def decoded_user
       Gem::URI.decode_uri_component(@user) if @user
@@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the host +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :HOST.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :HOST.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a host component defined.
@@ -615,6 +621,13 @@ module Gem::URI
     end
     protected :set_host
 
+    # Protected setter for the authority info (+user+, +password+, +host+
+    # and +port+).  If +port+ is +nil+, +default_port+ will be set.
+    #
+    protected def set_authority(user, password, host, port = nil)
+      @user, @password, @host, @port = user, password, host, port || self.default_port
+    end
+
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -639,6 +652,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     def host=(v)
       check_host(v)
       set_host(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       v
     end
 
@@ -675,7 +689,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the port +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :PORT.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :PORT.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a port component defined.
@@ -729,6 +743,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     def port=(v)
       check_port(v)
       set_port(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       port
     end
 
@@ -748,7 +763,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the path +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp
     # for :ABS_PATH and :REL_PATH.
     #
     # Can not have a opaque component defined,
@@ -853,7 +868,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     #
     # Checks the opaque +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance and
-    # against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :OPAQUE.
+    # against the +parser+ Regexp for :OPAQUE.
     #
     # Can not have a host, port, user, or path component defined,
     # with an opaque component defined.
@@ -905,7 +920,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the Gem::URI::Parser Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
+    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
     #
     #
     # == Args
@@ -1121,7 +1136,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
       base = self.dup
 
-      authority = rel.userinfo || rel.host || rel.port
+      authority = rel.authority
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 2)
       if (rel.path.nil? || rel.path.empty?) && !authority && !rel.query
@@ -1134,9 +1149,7 @@ module Gem::URI
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 4)
       if authority
-        base.set_userinfo(rel.userinfo)
-        base.set_host(rel.host)
-        base.set_port(rel.port || base.default_port)
+        base.set_authority(*authority)
         base.set_path(rel.path)
       elsif base.path && rel.path
         base.set_path(merge_path(base.path, rel.path))
@@ -1527,7 +1540,7 @@ module Gem::URI
         else
           unless proxy_uri = env[name]
             if proxy_uri = env[name.upcase]
-              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Use http_proxy.', uplevel: 1
+              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Please use http_proxy instead.', uplevel: 1
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
index 658e9941dd..99c78358ac 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ module Gem::URI
       super(tmp)
     end
 
+    # Do not allow empty host names, as they are not allowed by RFC 3986.
+    def check_host(v)
+      ret = super
+
+      if ret && v.empty?
+        raise InvalidComponentError,
+          "bad component(expected host component): #{v}"
+      end
+
+      ret
+    end
+
     #
     # == Description
     #
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
index 04a1d0c869..2bb4181649 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     #
     # == Synopsis
     #
-    #   Gem::URI::Parser.new([opts])
+    #   Gem::URI::RFC2396_Parser.new([opts])
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     #
     # == Examples
     #
-    #   p = Gem::URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
+    #   p = Gem::URI::RFC2396_Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
     #   u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://example.jp/%uABCD>
     #   Gem::URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises Gem::URI::InvalidURIError
     #
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ module Gem::URI
 
     # The Hash of patterns.
     #
-    # See also Gem::URI::Parser.initialize_pattern.
+    # See also #initialize_pattern.
     attr_reader :pattern
 
     # The Hash of Regexp.
     #
-    # See also Gem::URI::Parser.initialize_regexp.
+    # See also #initialize_regexp.
     attr_reader :regexp
 
     # Returns a split Gem::URI against +regexp[:ABS_URI]+.
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     #
     # == Usage
     #
-    #   p = Gem::URI::Parser.new
-    #   p.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
+    #   Gem::URI::RFC2396_PARSER.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
     #   #=> #<Gem::URI::LDAP ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john>
     #
     def parse(uri)
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ module Gem::URI
     # If no +block+ given, then returns the result,
     # else it calls +block+ for each element in result.
     #
-    # See also Gem::URI::Parser.make_regexp.
+    # See also #make_regexp.
     #
     def extract(str, schemes = nil)
       if block_given?
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ module Gem::URI
       unless schemes
         @regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]
       else
-        /(?=#{Regexp.union(*schemes)}:)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
+        /(?=(?i:#{Regexp.union(*schemes).source}):)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
       end
     end
 
@@ -524,6 +523,8 @@ module Gem::URI
       ret
     end
 
+    # Returns +uri+ as-is if it is Gem::URI, or convert it to Gem::URI if it is
+    # a String.
     def convert_to_uri(uri)
       if uri.is_a?(Gem::URI::Generic)
         uri
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
index c2f617ce25..7ee577887b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module Gem::URI
   # :stopdoc:
-  VERSION_CODE = '010003'.freeze
-  VERSION = VERSION_CODE.scan(/../).collect{|n| n.to_i}.join('.').freeze
+  VERSION = '1.1.1'.freeze
+  VERSION_CODE = VERSION.split('.').map{|s| s.rjust(2, '0')}.join.freeze
   # :startdoc:
 end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendored_molinillo.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendored_molinillo.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 45906c0e5c..0000000000
--- a/lib/rubygems/vendored_molinillo.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative "vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/vendored_pub_grub.rb b/lib/rubygems/vendored_pub_grub.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..844d243ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/vendored_pub_grub.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub"
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/version.rb b/lib/rubygems/version.rb
index 3ac3676d0a..306733c1d7 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/version.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/version.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "deprecate"
+#--
+# Workaround for directly loading Gem::Version in some cases
+module Gem; end
+#++
 
 ##
 # The Version class processes string versions into comparable
@@ -27,136 +30,153 @@ require_relative "deprecate"
 # 4. 0.9
 #
 # If you want to specify a version restriction that includes both prereleases
-# and regular releases of the 1.x series this is the best way:
+# and regular releases of 1.x or later versions:
 #
-#   s.add_dependency 'example', '>= 1.0.0.a', '< 2.0.0'
+#   s.add_dependency 'example', '>= 1.0.0.a'
 #
 # == How Software Changes
 #
-# Users expect to be able to specify a version constraint that gives them
-# some reasonable expectation that new versions of a library will work with
-# their software if the version constraint is true, and not work with their
-# software if the version constraint is false.  In other words, the perfect
-# system will accept all compatible versions of the library and reject all
-# incompatible versions.
-#
-# Libraries change in 3 ways (well, more than 3, but stay focused here!).
-#
-# 1. The change may be an implementation detail only and have no effect on
-#    the client software.
-# 2. The change may add new features, but do so in a way that client software
-#    written to an earlier version is still compatible.
-# 3. The change may change the public interface of the library in such a way
-#    that old software is no longer compatible.
+# Libraries generally change in 3 ways:
 #
-# Some examples are appropriate at this point.  Suppose I have a Stack class
-# that supports a <tt>push</tt> and a <tt>pop</tt> method.
+# 1. The change is an implementation detail, bug fix, security fix, or
+#    optimization, and has no behavioral effect on the software using it.
 #
-# === Examples of Category 1 changes:
+# 2. The change adds new features, and software using those new features is
+#    not compatible with previous versions of the library, but software using
+#    previous versions of the library is compatible with the change.
 #
-# * Switch from an array based implementation to a linked-list based
-#   implementation.
-# * Provide an automatic (and transparent) backing store for large stacks.
+# 3. The change modifies the public interface of some part of the library in
+#    such a way that software that uses that part of the library must be
+#    modified to work.
 #
-# === Examples of Category 2 changes might be:
-#
-# * Add a <tt>depth</tt> method to return the current depth of the stack.
-# * Add a <tt>top</tt> method that returns the current top of stack (without
-#   changing the stack).
-# * Change <tt>push</tt> so that it returns the item pushed (previously it
-#   had no usable return value).
-#
-# === Examples of Category 3 changes might be:
-#
-# * Changes <tt>pop</tt> so that it no longer returns a value (you must use
-#   <tt>top</tt> to get the top of the stack).
-# * Rename the methods to <tt>push_item</tt> and <tt>pop_item</tt>.
-#
-# == RubyGems Rational Versioning
+# == RubyGems Rational Versioning (the recommended approach)
 #
 # * Versions shall be represented by three non-negative integers, separated
-#   by periods (e.g. 3.1.4).  The first integers is the "major" version
+#   by periods (e.g. 3.1.4).  The first integer is the "major" version
 #   number, the second integer is the "minor" version number, and the third
-#   integer is the "build" number.
+#   integer is the "patch" version number.
 #
-# * A category 1 change (implementation detail) will increment the build
-#   number.
+# * A category 1 change (implementation detail, bug fix, or security fix)
+#   will increment the patch number.
 #
 # * A category 2 change (backwards compatible) will increment the minor
-#   version number and reset the build number.
-#
-# * A category 3 change (incompatible) will increment the major build number
-#   and reset the minor and build numbers.
-#
-# * Any "public" release of a gem should have a different version.  Normally
-#   that means incrementing the build number.  This means a developer can
-#   generate builds all day long, but as soon as they make a public release,
-#   the version must be updated.
+#   version number and reset the patch number.
 #
-# === Examples
+# * A category 3 change (incompatible) will increment the major version number
+#   and reset the minor and patch numbers.
 #
-# Let's work through a project lifecycle using our Stack example from above.
+# * Any "public" release of a gem should have a different version.
 #
-# Version 0.0.1:: The initial Stack class is release.
-# Version 0.0.2:: Switched to a linked=list implementation because it is
-#                 cooler.
-# Version 0.1.0:: Added a <tt>depth</tt> method.
-# Version 1.0.0:: Added <tt>top</tt> and made <tt>pop</tt> return nil
-#                 (<tt>pop</tt> used to return the  old top item).
-# Version 1.1.0:: <tt>push</tt> now returns the value pushed (it used it
-#                 return nil).
-# Version 1.1.1:: Fixed a bug in the linked list implementation.
-# Version 1.1.2:: Fixed a bug introduced in the last fix.
+# == Optimistic Vs. Pessimistic Dependency Versioning
 #
-# Client A needs a stack with basic push/pop capability.  They write to the
-# original interface (no <tt>top</tt>), so their version constraint looks like:
-#
-#   gem 'stack', '>= 0.0'
-#
-# Essentially, any version is OK with Client A.  An incompatible change to
-# the library will cause them grief, but they are willing to take the chance
-# (we call Client A optimistic).
-#
-# Client B is just like Client A except for two things: (1) They use the
-# <tt>depth</tt> method and (2) they are worried about future
-# incompatibilities, so they write their version constraint like this:
-#
-#   gem 'stack', '~> 0.1'
-#
-# The <tt>depth</tt> method was introduced in version 0.1.0, so that version
-# or anything later is fine, as long as the version stays below version 1.0
-# where incompatibilities are introduced.  We call Client B pessimistic
-# because they are worried about incompatible future changes (it is OK to be
-# pessimistic!).
-#
-# == Preventing Version Catastrophe:
-#
-# From: https://www.zenspider.com/ruby/2008/10/rubygems-how-to-preventing-catastrophe.html
-#
-# Let's say you're depending on the fnord gem version 2.y.z. If you
-# specify your dependency as ">= 2.0.0" then, you're good, right? What
-# happens if fnord 3.0 comes out and it isn't backwards compatible
-# with 2.y.z? Your stuff will break as a result of using ">=". The
-# better route is to specify your dependency with an "approximate" version
-# specifier ("~>"). They're a tad confusing, so here is how the dependency
-# specifiers work:
-#
-#   Specification From  ... To (exclusive)
-#   ">= 3.0"      3.0   ... &infin;
-#   "~> 3.0"      3.0   ... 4.0
-#   "~> 3.0.0"    3.0.0 ... 3.1
-#   "~> 3.5"      3.5   ... 4.0
-#   "~> 3.5.0"    3.5.0 ... 3.6
-#   "~> 3"        3.0   ... 4.0
-#
-# For the last example, single-digit versions are automatically extended with
-# a zero to give a sensible result.
+# Users expect to be able to specify a version constraint that gives them
+# a reasonable expectation that new versions of a library will work with
+# their software if the version constraint is true, and not work with their
+# software if the version constraint is false.  In other words, the perfect
+# system will accept all compatible versions of the library and reject all
+# incompatible versions. Unfortunately, there is no perfect system, as you
+# cannot predict the future. You can never know whether a future version of
+# a library will contain which type of change.
+#
+# There are two common outlooks on dependency versioning:
+#
+# 1. Optimistic. This does not set an upper bound on a dependency. It is
+#    possible that a future version of a dependency will break the software,
+#    and in that case, the dependency version will need to be updated and
+#    changes will need to be made.
+#
+# 2. Pessimistic. This assumes all major version changes of a dependency will
+#    break the software, and that patch or minor changes of a dependency will
+#    not break the software. If there is a major version of a dependency
+#    released, the dependency version must be updated in order to use it, even
+#    if no code changes are actually needed.
+#
+# In general, optimistic versioning is superior to pessimistic versioning.
+# Pessimistic versioning is often wrong in both directions. Dependencies can
+# release patch or minor versions that contain incompatibilities. One
+# common reason is that a security fix may require a backwards-incompatible API
+# change. In this case, even though pessimistic versioning was used, it
+# didn't even save effort, as you still need to make code changes and adjust
+# dependency versions. Similarly, for all but the smallest dependencies, just
+# because the dependency made a backwards incompatible change to one interface
+# doesn't mean the dependency made a backwards incompatible change to an
+# interface that the software is using. It is a common problem that a
+# dependency will release a new major version and the software does not require
+# any changes in order to use it. In this case, being pessimistic results in
+# additional work for no benefit.
+#
+# When a library uses pessimistic versioning of dependencies, it causes
+# significant problems if that library is not diligent about updating
+# dependency versions and any library is depending on that library.
+# For example:
+#
+# * Library A is currently on release 1.2.3.
+#
+# * Library B is at version 2.3.4 and has a pessimistic dependency on
+#   library A, using ~> 1.0 (>= 1.0, < 2).
+#
+# * Library C is at version 3.4.5 and has an optimistic dependency on
+#   library A, using >= 1.0.
+#
+# * Library D has optimistic dependencies on both libraries B and C.
+#
+# * Library A releases a new major version, 2.0.0, with new features, which
+#   is mostly backwards compatible, but does contain some backwards
+#   incompatible changes.
+#
+# * Library B would work with A 2.0.0, but cannot use it due to pessimistic
+#   versioning.
+#
+# * Library C wants to use the new features in the major release of library
+#   A to implement its own new features, so it does so, bumps the
+#   dependency version of A to >= 2.0, and releases version 3.5.0.
+#
+# * Library D cannot upgrade to the new version of library C, because it
+#   depends on library B, which has a pessimistic dependency on library A.
+#
+# * Library C releases a security fix patch version 3.5.1 to fix a
+#   vulnerability present in all previous versions.
+#
+# * Library D is now in a terrible situation. It cannot upgrade to library
+#   C 3.5.1, as that requires library A > 2.0, because it depends on library
+#   B, which requires library A > 1.0, < 2, even though library B would work
+#   fine with library A 2.0.0.
+#
+# This type of situation brought on by pessimistic versioning is unfortunately
+# both common and serious in practice.
+#
+# This is not to say that optimistic versioning never causes a problem.
+# However, with optimistic versioning, if there is a problem, it can be solved
+# with the addition of a single dependency. For example, continuing the
+# previous example:
+#
+# * Library A releases a new major version, 3.0.0, which makes backwards
+#   incompatible changes that break library C.
+#
+# * Until library C releases an updated version with new changes, library
+#   D only needs to set a specific dependency on library A for > 2.0, < 3,
+#   until library C is updated to work with the new version of library A.
+#
+# Both optimistic versioning and pessimistic versioning have problems in
+# certain cases. However, it's significantly easier to fix optimistic
+# versioning problems than to fix pessimistic versioning problems.
+#
+# That is not to say that pessimistic versioning is never appropriate. If the
+# dependency is a library that adds a single method, where any change resulting
+# in a major version bump would probably break a library using it, then using
+# pessimistic versioning may be warranted. Additionally, if a dependency has
+# already announced or committed backwards incompatible changes that would
+# break a library's use of it, then having that library use a pessimistic
+# version constraint would likely be warranted. However, outside of
+# specific situations, you should avoid using pessimistic versioning, as the
+# costs typically exceed the benefits.
 
 class Gem::Version
   include Comparable
 
   VERSION_PATTERN = '[0-9]+(?>\.[0-9a-zA-Z]+)*(-[0-9A-Za-z-]+(\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*)?' # :nodoc:
   ANCHORED_VERSION_PATTERN = /\A\s*(#{VERSION_PATTERN})?\s*\z/ # :nodoc:
+  RADIX_OPT = [9_500, 3_500, 260_000, 22_227, 24].freeze # :nodoc:
 
   ##
   # A string representation of this Version.
@@ -171,9 +191,7 @@ class Gem::Version
   # True if the +version+ string matches RubyGems' requirements.
 
   def self.correct?(version)
-    nil_versions_are_discouraged! if version.nil?
-
-    ANCHORED_VERSION_PATTERN.match?(version.to_s)
+    version.nil? || ANCHORED_VERSION_PATTERN.match?(version.to_s)
   end
 
   ##
@@ -182,15 +200,10 @@ class Gem::Version
   #
   #   ver1 = Version.create('1.3.17')   # -> (Version object)
   #   ver2 = Version.create(ver1)       # -> (ver1)
-  #   ver3 = Version.create(nil)        # -> nil
 
   def self.create(input)
     if self === input # check yourself before you wreck yourself
       input
-    elsif input.nil?
-      nil_versions_are_discouraged!
-
-      nil
     else
       new input
     end
@@ -206,14 +219,6 @@ class Gem::Version
     @@all[version] ||= super
   end
 
-  def self.nil_versions_are_discouraged!
-    unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
-      warn "nil versions are discouraged and will be deprecated in Rubygems 4"
-    end
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :nil_versions_are_discouraged!
-
   ##
   # Constructs a Version from the +version+ string.  A version string is a
   # series of digits or ASCII letters separated by dots.
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ class Gem::Version
     end
 
     # If version is an empty string convert it to 0
-    version = 0 if version.is_a?(String) && /\A\s*\Z/.match?(version)
+    version = 0 if version.nil? || (version.is_a?(String) && /\A\s*\Z/.match?(version))
 
     @version = version.to_s
 
@@ -236,6 +241,7 @@ class Gem::Version
     end
     @version = -@version
     @segments = nil
+    @sort_key = compute_sort_key
   end
 
   ##
@@ -337,7 +343,7 @@ class Gem::Version
   end
 
   ##
-  # A recommended version for use with a ~> Requirement.
+  # A recommended version for use with a >= Requirement.
 
   def approximate_recommendation
     segments = self.segments
@@ -346,7 +352,7 @@ class Gem::Version
     segments.pop    while segments.size > 2
     segments.push 0 while segments.size < 2
 
-    recommendation = "~> #{segments.join(".")}"
+    recommendation = ">= #{segments.join(".")}"
     recommendation += ".a" if prerelease?
     recommendation
   end
@@ -354,37 +360,62 @@ class Gem::Version
   ##
   # Compares this version with +other+ returning -1, 0, or 1 if the
   # other version is larger, the same, or smaller than this
-  # one. Attempts to compare to something that's not a
-  # <tt>Gem::Version</tt> or a valid version String return +nil+.
+  # one. +other+ must be an instance of Gem::Version, comparing with
+  # other types may raise an exception.
 
   def <=>(other)
-    return self <=> self.class.new(other) if (String === other) && self.class.correct?(other)
-
-    return unless Gem::Version === other
-    return 0 if @version == other.version || canonical_segments == other.canonical_segments
-
-    lhsegments = canonical_segments
-    rhsegments = other.canonical_segments
-
-    lhsize = lhsegments.size
-    rhsize = rhsegments.size
-    limit  = (lhsize > rhsize ? lhsize : rhsize) - 1
-
-    i = 0
-
-    while i <= limit
-      lhs = lhsegments[i] || 0
-      rhs = rhsegments[i] || 0
-      i += 1
-
-      next      if lhs == rhs
-      return -1 if String  === lhs && Numeric === rhs
-      return  1 if Numeric === lhs && String  === rhs
-
-      return lhs <=> rhs
+    if Gem::Version === other
+      # Fast path for comparison when available.
+      if @sort_key && other.sort_key
+        return @sort_key <=> other.sort_key
+      end
+
+      return 0 if @version == other.version || canonical_segments == other.canonical_segments
+
+      lhsegments = canonical_segments
+      rhsegments = other.canonical_segments
+
+      lhsize = lhsegments.size
+      rhsize = rhsegments.size
+      limit  = (lhsize > rhsize ? rhsize : lhsize)
+
+      i = 0
+
+      while i < limit
+        lhs = lhsegments[i]
+        rhs = rhsegments[i]
+        i += 1
+
+        next      if lhs == rhs
+        return -1 if String  === lhs && Numeric === rhs
+        return  1 if Numeric === lhs && String  === rhs
+
+        return lhs <=> rhs
+      end
+
+      lhs = lhsegments[i]
+
+      if lhs.nil?
+        rhs = rhsegments[i]
+
+        while i < rhsize
+          return 1 if String === rhs
+          return -1 unless rhs.zero?
+          rhs = rhsegments[i += 1]
+        end
+      else
+        while i < lhsize
+          return -1 if String === lhs
+          return 1 unless lhs.zero?
+          lhs = lhsegments[i += 1]
+        end
+      end
+
+      0
+    elsif String === other
+      return unless self.class.correct?(other)
+      self <=> self.class.new(other)
     end
-
-    0
   end
 
   # remove trailing zeros segments before first letter or at the end of the version
@@ -408,6 +439,24 @@ class Gem::Version
 
   protected
 
+  attr_reader :sort_key # :nodoc:
+
+  def compute_sort_key
+    return if prerelease?
+
+    segments = canonical_segments
+    return if segments.size > 5
+
+    key = 0
+    RADIX_OPT.each_with_index do |radix, i|
+      seg = segments.fetch(i, 0)
+      return nil if seg >= radix
+      key = key * radix + seg
+    end
+
+    key
+  end
+
   def _segments
     # segments is lazy so it can pick up version values that come from
     # old marshaled versions, which don't go through marshal_load.
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/win_platform.rb b/lib/rubygems/win_platform.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10556871b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/win_platform.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "rbconfig"
+
+module Gem
+  ##
+  # An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.
+
+  WIN_PATTERNS = [
+    /bccwin/i,
+    /djgpp/i,
+    /mingw/i,
+    /mswin/i,
+    /wince/i,
+  ].freeze
+
+  @@win_platform = nil
+
+  ##
+  # Is this a windows platform?
+
+  def self.win_platform?
+    if @@win_platform.nil?
+      ruby_platform = RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
+      @@win_platform = !WIN_PATTERNS.find {|r| ruby_platform =~ r }.nil?
+    end
+
+    @@win_platform
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/yaml_serializer.rb b/lib/rubygems/yaml_serializer.rb
index f89004f32a..b2547b136b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/yaml_serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/yaml_serializer.rb
@@ -1,98 +1,845 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+unless defined?(Psych::VERSION)
+  module Psych
+    class Exception < ::RuntimeError; end
+    class SyntaxError < Exception; end
+    class DisallowedClass < Exception; end
+    class BadAlias < Exception; end
+    class AliasesNotEnabled < BadAlias; end
+  end
+end
+
 module Gem
-  # A stub yaml serializer that can handle only hashes and strings (as of now).
   module YAMLSerializer
-    module_function
+    Scalar = Struct.new(:value, :tag, :anchor, keyword_init: true)
 
-    def dump(hash)
-      yaml = String.new("---")
-      yaml << dump_hash(hash)
+    Mapping = Struct.new(:pairs, :tag, :anchor, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(pairs: [], tag: nil, anchor: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    Sequence = Struct.new(:items, :tag, :anchor, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(items: [], tag: nil, anchor: nil)
+        super
+      end
     end
 
-    def dump_hash(hash)
-      yaml = String.new("\n")
-      hash.each do |k, v|
-        yaml << k << ":"
-        if v.is_a?(Hash)
-          yaml << dump_hash(v).gsub(/^(?!$)/, "  ") # indent all non-empty lines
-        elsif v.is_a?(Array) # Expected to be array of strings
-          if v.empty?
-            yaml << " []\n"
+    AliasRef = Struct.new(:name, keyword_init: true)
+
+    class Parser
+      MAPPING_KEY_RE = /^((?:[^#:]|:[^ ])+):(?:[ ]+(.*))?$/
+      MAX_NESTING_DEPTH = 1_000
+
+      def initialize(source)
+        @lines = source.split("\n")
+        @anchors = {}
+        @depth = 0
+        strip_document_prefix
+      end
+
+      def parse
+        return nil if @lines.empty?
+
+        root = nil
+        while @lines.any?
+          before = @lines.size
+          node = parse_node(-1)
+          @lines.shift if @lines.size == before && @lines.any?
+
+          if root.is_a?(Mapping) && node.is_a?(Mapping)
+            root.pairs.concat(node.pairs)
+          elsif root.nil?
+            root = node
+          end
+        end
+        root
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def strip_document_prefix
+        return if @lines.empty?
+        return unless @lines[0]&.start_with?("---")
+
+        if @lines[0].strip == "---"
+          @lines.shift
+        else
+          @lines[0] = @lines[0].sub(/^---\s*/, "")
+        end
+      end
+
+      def parse_node(base_indent)
+        @depth += 1
+        raise_max_nesting! if @depth > MAX_NESTING_DEPTH
+
+        skip_blank_and_comments
+        return nil if @lines.empty?
+
+        line = @lines[0]
+        stripped = line.lstrip
+        indent = line.size - stripped.size
+        return nil if indent < base_indent
+
+        return parse_alias_ref if stripped.start_with?("*")
+
+        anchor = consume_anchor
+
+        if anchor
+          line = @lines[0]
+          stripped = line.lstrip
+        end
+
+        if stripped.start_with?("- ") || stripped == "-"
+          parse_sequence(indent, anchor)
+        elsif stripped.start_with?("\"") && stripped.end_with?("\"")
+          # We don't need to care about the following case here:
+          #   1. "value with comment" # ...
+          #   2. "key": "value"
+          #
+          # 1. must not happen because YAMLSerializer doesn't emit any
+          # comment. YAMLSerializer parses only YAML that is generated
+          # by YAMLSerializer.
+          #
+          # 2. must not happen because #parse_node isn't used non
+          # top-level mapping. Non top-level mapping always uses
+          # #parse_mapping. Top-level mapping never use the '"key":
+          # "value"' form because all top-level keys
+          # ("!ruby/object:Gem::Specification"'s keys) are known and
+          # #emit_specification doesn't quote anything.
+          parse_plain_scalar(indent, anchor)
+        elsif stripped.start_with?("'") && stripped.end_with?("'")
+          # See also the above note for double quotation.
+          parse_plain_scalar(indent, anchor)
+        elsif stripped =~ MAPPING_KEY_RE && !stripped.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          parse_mapping(indent, anchor)
+        elsif stripped.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          parse_tagged_node(indent, anchor)
+        elsif stripped.start_with?("|")
+          modifier = stripped[1..].to_s.strip
+          @lines.shift
+          register_anchor(anchor, Scalar.new(value: parse_block_scalar(indent, modifier)))
+        else
+          parse_plain_scalar(indent, anchor)
+        end
+      ensure
+        @depth -= 1
+      end
+
+      def parse_sequence(indent, anchor)
+        items = []
+        while @lines.any?
+          line = @lines[0]
+          stripped = line.lstrip
+          break unless line.size - stripped.size == indent &&
+                       (stripped.start_with?("- ") || stripped == "-")
+          content = @lines.shift.lstrip[1..].strip
+          item_anchor, content = extract_item_anchor(content)
+          item = parse_sequence_item(content, indent)
+          items << register_anchor(item_anchor, item)
+        end
+        register_anchor(anchor, Sequence.new(items: items))
+      end
+
+      def parse_sequence_item(content, indent)
+        if content.start_with?("*")
+          parse_inline_alias(content)
+        elsif content.empty?
+          @lines.any? && current_indent > indent ? parse_node(indent) : nil
+        elsif content.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          parse_tagged_content(content.strip, indent)
+        elsif content.start_with?("!binary ")
+          parse_binary_value(content, indent)
+        elsif content.start_with?("-")
+          @lines.unshift("#{" " * (indent + 2)}#{content}")
+          parse_node(indent)
+        elsif content =~ MAPPING_KEY_RE && !content.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          @lines.unshift("#{" " * (indent + 2)}#{content}")
+          parse_node(indent)
+        elsif content.start_with?("|")
+          Scalar.new(value: parse_block_scalar(indent, content[1..].to_s.strip))
+        else
+          parse_inline_scalar(content, indent)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def parse_mapping(indent, anchor)
+        pairs = []
+        while @lines.any?
+          line = @lines[0]
+          stripped = line.lstrip
+          break unless line.size - stripped.size == indent &&
+                       stripped =~ MAPPING_KEY_RE && !stripped.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          key = $1.strip
+          @lines.shift
+          val = strip_comment($2.to_s.strip)
+
+          key = decode_binary_tag(key) if key.start_with?("!binary ")
+
+          val_anchor, val = consume_value_anchor(val)
+          value = parse_mapping_value(val, indent)
+          value = register_anchor(val_anchor, value) if val_anchor
+
+          pairs << [Scalar.new(value: key), value]
+        end
+        register_anchor(anchor, Mapping.new(pairs: pairs))
+      end
+
+      def parse_mapping_value(val, indent)
+        if val.start_with?("*")
+          parse_inline_alias(val)
+        elsif val.start_with?("!ruby/object:")
+          parse_tagged_content(val.strip, indent)
+        elsif val.start_with?("!binary ")
+          parse_binary_value(val, indent)
+        elsif val.empty?
+          next_stripped = nil
+          next_indent = nil
+          if @lines.any?
+            next_stripped = @lines[0].lstrip
+            next_indent = @lines[0].size - next_stripped.size
+          end
+          if next_stripped &&
+             (next_stripped.start_with?("- ") || next_stripped == "-") &&
+             next_indent == indent
+            parse_node(indent)
           else
-            yaml << "\n- " << v.map {|s| s.to_s.gsub(/\s+/, " ").inspect }.join("\n- ") << "\n"
+            parse_node(indent + 1)
           end
+        elsif val == "[]"
+          Sequence.new
+        elsif val == "{}"
+          Mapping.new
+        elsif val.start_with?("|")
+          Scalar.new(value: parse_block_scalar(indent, val[1..].to_s.strip))
         else
-          yaml << " " << v.to_s.gsub(/\s+/, " ").inspect << "\n"
+          parse_inline_scalar(val, indent)
         end
       end
-      yaml
-    end
 
-    ARRAY_REGEX = /
-      ^
-      (?:[ ]*-[ ]) # '- ' before array items
-      (['"]?) # optional opening quote
-      (.*) # value
-      \1 # matching closing quote
-      $
-    /xo
-
-    HASH_REGEX = /
-      ^
-      ([ ]*) # indentations
-      ([^#]+) # key excludes comment char '#'
-      (?::(?=(?:\s|$))) # :  (without the lookahead the #key includes this when : is present in value)
-      [ ]?
-      (['"]?) # optional opening quote
-      (.*) # value
-      \3 # matching closing quote
-      $
-    /xo
-
-    def load(str)
-      res = {}
-      stack = [res]
-      last_hash = nil
-      last_empty_key = nil
-      str.split(/\r?\n/) do |line|
-        if match = HASH_REGEX.match(line)
-          indent, key, quote, val = match.captures
-          val = strip_comment(val)
-
-          depth = indent.size / 2
-          if quote.empty? && val.empty?
-            new_hash = {}
-            stack[depth][key] = new_hash
-            stack[depth + 1] = new_hash
-            last_empty_key = key
-            last_hash = stack[depth]
+      def parse_tagged_node(indent, anchor)
+        tag = @lines.shift.strip
+        nested = parse_node(indent)
+        apply_tag(nested, tag, anchor)
+      end
+
+      def parse_tagged_content(tag, indent)
+        nested = parse_node(indent)
+        apply_tag(nested, tag, nil)
+      end
+
+      def apply_tag(node, tag, anchor)
+        if node.is_a?(Mapping)
+          node.tag = tag
+          node.anchor = anchor
+          node
+        else
+          Mapping.new(pairs: [[Scalar.new(value: "value"), node]], tag: tag, anchor: anchor)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def parse_block_scalar(base_indent, modifier)
+        parts = []
+        block_indent = nil
+
+        while @lines.any?
+          line = @lines[0]
+          if line.strip.empty?
+            parts << "\n"
+            @lines.shift
           else
-            val = [] if val == "[]" # empty array
-            stack[depth][key] = val
+            line_indent = line.size - line.lstrip.size
+            break if line_indent <= base_indent
+            block_indent ||= line_indent
+            parts << @lines.shift[block_indent..].to_s << "\n"
+          end
+        end
+
+        res = parts.join
+        res.chomp! if modifier == "-" && res.end_with?("\n")
+        res
+      end
+
+      def parse_plain_scalar(indent, anchor)
+        result = coerce(@lines.shift.strip)
+        return register_anchor(anchor, result) if result.is_a?(Mapping) || result.is_a?(Sequence)
+
+        while result.is_a?(String) && @lines.any? &&
+              !@lines[0].strip.empty? && current_indent > indent
+          result << " " << @lines.shift.strip
+        end
+        register_anchor(anchor, Scalar.new(value: result))
+      end
+
+      def parse_inline_scalar(val, indent)
+        result = coerce(val)
+        return result if result.is_a?(Mapping) || result.is_a?(Sequence)
+
+        while result.is_a?(String) && @lines.any? &&
+              !@lines[0].strip.empty? && current_indent > indent
+          result << " " << @lines.shift.strip
+        end
+        Scalar.new(value: result)
+      end
+
+      def coerce(val, depth = 0)
+        raise_max_nesting! if depth > MAX_NESTING_DEPTH
+
+        val = val.sub(/^! /, "") if val.start_with?("! ")
+
+        if val =~ /^"(.*)"$/
+          $1.gsub(/\\["nrt\\]/) do |m|
+            case m
+            when '\\"' then '"'
+            when "\\n" then "\n"
+            when "\\r" then "\r"
+            when "\\t" then "\t"
+            when "\\\\" then "\\"
+            end
+          end
+        elsif val =~ /^'(.*)'$/
+          $1.gsub(/''/, "'")
+        elsif val == "true"
+          true
+        elsif val == "false"
+          false
+        elsif ["~", "null"].include?(val)
+          nil
+        elsif val == "{}"
+          Mapping.new
+        elsif val =~ /^\[(.*)\]$/
+          inner = $1.strip
+          return Sequence.new if inner.empty?
+          items = inner.split(/\s*,\s*/).reject(&:empty?).map {|e| Scalar.new(value: coerce(e, depth + 1)) }
+          Sequence.new(items: items)
+        elsif /\A\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}([ T]\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})?/.match?(val)
+          begin
+            Time.new(val)
+          rescue ArgumentError
+            # date-only format like "2024-06-15" is not supported by Time.new
+            if /\A(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})\z/.match(val)
+              Time.utc($1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i)
+            else
+              val
+            end
           end
-        elsif match = ARRAY_REGEX.match(line)
-          _, val = match.captures
-          val = strip_comment(val)
+        elsif /^-?\d+$/.match?(val)
+          val.to_i
+        else
+          val
+        end
+      end
 
-          last_hash[last_empty_key] = [] unless last_hash[last_empty_key].is_a?(Array)
+      def decode_binary_tag(str)
+        content = str.sub(/\A!binary\s+/, "")
+        content = $1 if content =~ /\A"(.*)"\z/ || content =~ /\A'(.*)'\z/
+        content.unpack1("m")
+      end
 
-          last_hash[last_empty_key].push(val)
+      def parse_binary_value(val, indent)
+        rest = val.sub(/\A!binary\s+/, "")
+        if rest.start_with?("|")
+          content = parse_block_scalar(indent, rest[1..].to_s.strip)
+          Scalar.new(value: content.unpack1("m"))
+        else
+          Scalar.new(value: decode_binary_tag(val))
         end
       end
-      res
-    end
 
-    def strip_comment(val)
-      if val.include?("#") && !val.start_with?("#")
-        val.split("#", 2).first.strip
-      else
+      def parse_alias_ref
+        AliasRef.new(name: @lines.shift.lstrip[1..].strip)
+      end
+
+      def parse_inline_alias(content)
+        AliasRef.new(name: content[1..].strip)
+      end
+
+      def current_indent
+        line = @lines[0]
+        line.size - line.lstrip.size
+      end
+
+      def consume_anchor
+        line = @lines[0]
+        stripped = line.lstrip
+        return nil unless stripped.start_with?("&") && stripped =~ /^&(\S+)\s+/
+
+        anchor = $1
+        @lines[0] = line.sub(/&#{Regexp.escape(anchor)}\s+/, "")
+        anchor
+      end
+
+      def extract_item_anchor(content)
+        return [nil, content] unless content =~ /^&(\S+)/
+
+        anchor = $1
+        [anchor, content.sub(/^&#{Regexp.escape(anchor)}\s*/, "")]
+      end
+
+      def consume_value_anchor(val)
+        return [nil, val] unless val =~ /^&(\S+)\s+/
+
+        anchor = $1
+        [anchor, val.sub(/^&#{Regexp.escape(anchor)}\s+/, "")]
+      end
+
+      def register_anchor(name, node)
+        if name
+          @anchors[name] = node
+          node.anchor = name if node.respond_to?(:anchor=)
+        end
+        node
+      end
+
+      def raise_max_nesting!
+        message = "exceeded maximum nesting depth (#{MAX_NESTING_DEPTH})"
+        if defined?(Psych::VERSION)
+          raise Psych::SyntaxError.new(nil, 0, 0, 0, message, nil)
+        else
+          raise Psych::SyntaxError, message
+        end
+      end
+
+      def skip_blank_and_comments
+        while @lines.any?
+          line = @lines[0]
+          stripped = line.lstrip
+          break unless stripped.empty? || stripped.start_with?("#")
+          @lines.shift
+        end
+      end
+
+      def strip_comment(val)
+        return val unless val.include?("#")
+        return val if val.lstrip.start_with?("#")
+
+        in_single = false
+        in_double = false
+        escape = false
+
+        val.each_char.with_index do |ch, i|
+          if escape
+            escape = false
+            next
+          end
+
+          if in_single
+            in_single = false if ch == "'"
+          elsif in_double
+            if ch == "\\"
+              escape = true
+            elsif ch == '"'
+              in_double = false
+            end
+          else
+            case ch
+            when "'" then in_single = true
+            when '"' then in_double = true
+            when "#" then return val[0...i].rstrip
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
         val
       end
     end
 
-    class << self
-      private :dump_hash
+    class Builder
+      VALID_OPS = %w[= != > < >= <= ~>].freeze
+      ARRAY_FIELDS = %w[files test_files executables extra_rdoc_files].freeze
+      MAX_ALIAS_RESOLUTIONS = 1_000
+
+      def initialize(permitted_classes: [], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: true)
+        @permitted_classes = permitted_classes.map {|c| "!ruby/object:#{c}" }
+        @permitted_symbols = permitted_symbols
+        @aliases = aliases
+        @anchor_values = {}
+        @alias_count = 0
+      end
+
+      def build(node)
+        return nil if node.nil?
+
+        result = build_node(node)
+
+        if result.is_a?(Hash) && result[:tag] == "!ruby/object:Gem::Specification"
+          build_specification(result)
+        else
+          result
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def build_node(node)
+        case node
+        when nil then nil
+        when AliasRef then resolve_alias(node)
+        when Scalar then store_anchor(node.anchor, node.value)
+        when Mapping then build_mapping(node)
+        when Sequence then store_anchor(node.anchor, node.items.map {|item| build_node(item) })
+        else node # already a Ruby object
+        end
+      end
+
+      def resolve_alias(node)
+        raise Psych::AliasesNotEnabled unless @aliases
+        @alias_count += 1
+        if @alias_count > MAX_ALIAS_RESOLUTIONS
+          raise Psych::BadAlias, "exceeded maximum alias resolutions (#{MAX_ALIAS_RESOLUTIONS})"
+        end
+        unless @anchor_values.key?(node.name)
+          klass = defined?(Psych::AnchorNotDefined) ? Psych::AnchorNotDefined : Psych::BadAlias
+          raise klass, "An alias referenced an unknown anchor: #{node.name}"
+        end
+        @anchor_values.fetch(node.name)
+      end
+
+      def store_anchor(name, value)
+        @anchor_values[name] = value if name
+        value
+      end
+
+      def build_mapping(node)
+        validate_tag!(node.tag) if node.tag
+
+        result = case node.tag
+                 when "!ruby/object:Gem::Version"
+                   build_version(node)
+                 when "!ruby/object:Gem::Platform"
+                   build_platform(node)
+                 when "!ruby/object:Gem::Requirement", "!ruby/object:Gem::Version::Requirement"
+                   build_requirement(node)
+                 when "!ruby/object:Gem::Dependency"
+                   build_dependency(node)
+                 when nil
+                   build_hash(node)
+                 when "!ruby/object:Gem::Specification"
+                   hash = build_hash(node)
+                   hash[:tag] = node.tag
+                   hash
+                 else
+                   raise ArgumentError, "undefined class/module #{node.tag.sub("!ruby/object:", "")}"
+        end
+
+        store_anchor(node.anchor, result)
+      end
+
+      def build_hash(node)
+        result = {}
+        node.pairs.each do |key_node, value_node|
+          key = key_node.is_a?(Scalar) ? key_node.value.to_s : build_node(key_node).to_s
+          value = build_node(value_node)
+
+          if ARRAY_FIELDS.include?(key)
+            value = normalize_array_field(value)
+          end
+
+          result[key] = value
+        end
+        result
+      end
+
+      def build_version(node)
+        hash = pairs_to_hash(node)
+        Gem::Version.new((hash["version"] || hash["value"]).to_s)
+      end
+
+      PLATFORM_FIELDS = %w[cpu os version].freeze
+      PLATFORM_ALLOWED_IVARS = %w[cpu os version value].freeze
+
+      def build_platform(node)
+        hash = pairs_to_hash(node)
+        if (hash.keys & PLATFORM_FIELDS).any?
+          Gem::Platform.new([hash["cpu"], hash["os"], hash["version"]])
+        elsif hash["value"].is_a?(Array)
+          # Malformed platform (e.g. sequence instead of mapping).
+          # Return the raw value so yaml_initialize handles it like Psych does.
+          hash["value"]
+        else
+          plat = Gem::Platform.allocate
+          hash.each do |k, v|
+            plat.instance_variable_set(:"@#{k}", v) if PLATFORM_ALLOWED_IVARS.include?(k)
+          end
+          plat
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_requirement(node)
+        r = Gem::Requirement.allocate
+        hash = pairs_to_hash(node)
+        reqs = hash["requirements"] || hash["value"]
+
+        if reqs.is_a?(Array) && !reqs.empty?
+          safe_reqs = []
+          reqs.each do |item|
+            if item.is_a?(Array) && item.size == 2
+              op = item[0].to_s
+              ver = item[1]
+              if VALID_OPS.include?(op)
+                version_obj = ver.is_a?(Gem::Version) ? ver : Gem::Version.new(ver.to_s)
+                safe_reqs << [op, version_obj]
+              end
+            elsif item.is_a?(String)
+              parsed = Gem::Requirement.parse(item)
+              safe_reqs << parsed
+            end
+          rescue Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError, Gem::Version::BadVersionError
+            # Skip malformed items silently
+          end
+          reqs = safe_reqs unless safe_reqs.empty?
+        end
+
+        r.instance_variable_set(:@requirements, reqs)
+        r
+      end
+
+      def build_dependency(node)
+        hash = pairs_to_hash(node)
+        d = Gem::Dependency.allocate
+        d.instance_variable_set(:@name, hash["name"])
+
+        d.instance_variable_set(:@requirement, hash["requirement"] || hash["version_requirements"])
+
+        raw_type = hash["type"]
+        if raw_type
+          name = raw_type.to_s.sub(/^:/, "")
+          validate_symbol!(name)
+          type = name.to_sym
+        else
+          type = :runtime
+        end
+        d.instance_variable_set(:@type, type)
+
+        d.instance_variable_set(:@prerelease, ["true", true].include?(hash["prerelease"]))
+        d.instance_variable_set(:@version_requirements, d.instance_variable_get(:@requirement))
+        d
+      end
+
+      def build_specification(hash)
+        spec = Gem::Specification.allocate
+
+        normalize_specification_version!(hash)
+        normalize_array_fields!(hash)
+
+        spec.yaml_initialize("!ruby/object:Gem::Specification", hash)
+        spec
+      end
+
+      def pairs_to_hash(node)
+        result = {}
+        node.pairs.each do |key_node, value_node|
+          key = key_node.is_a?(Scalar) ? key_node.value.to_s : build_node(key_node).to_s
+          result[key] = build_node(value_node)
+        end
+        result
+      end
+
+      def validate_tag!(tag)
+        return if @permitted_classes.include?(tag)
+        raise_disallowed_class!(tag)
+      end
+
+      def raise_disallowed_class!(tag)
+        if defined?(Psych::VERSION)
+          raise Psych::DisallowedClass.new("load", tag)
+        else
+          raise Psych::DisallowedClass, "Tried to load unspecified class: #{tag}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def validate_symbol!(name)
+        return if @permitted_symbols.empty? || @permitted_symbols.include?(name)
+
+        label = ":#{name}"
+        if defined?(Psych::VERSION)
+          raise Psych::DisallowedClass.new("load", label)
+        else
+          raise Psych::DisallowedClass, "Tried to load unspecified class: #{label}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_specification_version!(hash)
+        val = hash["specification_version"]
+        return unless val && !val.is_a?(Integer)
+        hash["specification_version"] = val.to_i if val.is_a?(String) && /\A\d+\z/.match?(val)
+      end
+
+      def normalize_array_fields!(hash)
+        ARRAY_FIELDS.each do |field|
+          hash[field] = normalize_array_field(hash[field]) if hash[field]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_array_field(value)
+        if value.is_a?(Hash)
+          value.values.flatten.compact
+        elsif !value.is_a?(Array) && value
+          [value].flatten.compact
+        else
+          value
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Emitter
+      def emit(obj)
+        "---#{emit_node(obj, 0)}"
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def emit_node(obj, indent, quote: false)
+        case obj
+        when Gem::Specification then emit_specification(obj, indent)
+        when Gem::Version       then emit_version(obj, indent)
+        when Gem::Platform      then emit_platform(obj, indent)
+        when Gem::Requirement   then emit_requirement(obj, indent)
+        when Gem::Dependency    then emit_dependency(obj, indent)
+        when Hash               then emit_hash(obj, indent)
+        when Array              then emit_array(obj, indent)
+        when Time               then emit_time(obj)
+        when String             then emit_string(obj, indent, quote: quote)
+        when NilClass
+          "\n"
+        when Numeric, Symbol, TrueClass, FalseClass
+          " #{obj.inspect}\n"
+        else
+          " #{obj.to_s.inspect}\n"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def emit_specification(spec, indent)
+        parts = [" !ruby/object:Gem::Specification\n"]
+        parts << "#{pad(indent)}name:#{emit_node(spec.name, indent + 2)}"
+        parts << "#{pad(indent)}version:#{emit_node(spec.version, indent + 2)}"
+        parts << "#{pad(indent)}platform: #{spec.platform}\n"
+        if spec.platform.to_s != spec.original_platform.to_s
+          parts << "#{pad(indent)}original_platform: #{spec.original_platform}\n"
+        end
+
+        attributes = Gem::Specification.attribute_names.map(&:to_s).sort - %w[name version platform]
+        attributes.each do |name|
+          val = spec.instance_variable_get("@#{name}")
+          next if val.nil?
+          parts << "#{pad(indent)}#{name}:#{emit_node(val, indent + 2)}"
+        end
+
+        res = parts.join
+        res << "\n" unless res.end_with?("\n")
+        res
+      end
+
+      def emit_version(ver, indent)
+        " !ruby/object:Gem::Version\n" \
+          "#{pad(indent)}version: #{emit_node(ver.version.to_s, indent + 2).lstrip}"
+      end
+
+      def emit_platform(plat, indent)
+        " !ruby/object:Gem::Platform\n" \
+          "#{pad(indent)}cpu:#{emit_node(plat.cpu, indent + 2)}" \
+          "#{pad(indent)}os:#{emit_node(plat.os, indent + 2)}" \
+          "#{pad(indent)}version:#{emit_node(plat.version, indent + 2)}"
+      end
+
+      def emit_requirement(req, indent)
+        " !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement\n" \
+          "#{pad(indent)}requirements:#{emit_node(req.requirements, indent + 2)}"
+      end
+
+      def emit_dependency(dep, indent)
+        [
+          " !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency\n",
+          "#{pad(indent)}name: #{emit_node(dep.name, indent + 2).lstrip}",
+          "#{pad(indent)}requirement:#{emit_node(dep.requirement, indent + 2)}",
+          "#{pad(indent)}type: #{emit_node(dep.type, indent + 2).lstrip}",
+          "#{pad(indent)}prerelease: #{emit_node(dep.prerelease?, indent + 2).lstrip}",
+          "#{pad(indent)}version_requirements:#{emit_node(dep.requirement, indent + 2)}",
+        ].join
+      end
+
+      def emit_hash(hash, indent)
+        if hash.empty?
+          " {}\n"
+        else
+          parts = ["\n"]
+          hash.each do |k, v|
+            is_symbol = k.is_a?(Symbol) || (k.is_a?(String) && k.start_with?(":"))
+            key_str = k.is_a?(Symbol) ? k.inspect : k.to_s
+            parts << "#{pad(indent)}#{key_str}:#{emit_node(v, indent + 2, quote: is_symbol)}"
+          end
+          parts.join
+        end
+      end
+
+      def emit_array(arr, indent)
+        if arr.empty?
+          " []\n"
+        else
+          parts = ["\n"]
+          arr.each do |v|
+            parts << "#{pad(indent)}-#{emit_node(v, indent + 2)}"
+          end
+          parts.join
+        end
+      end
+
+      def emit_time(time)
+        " #{time.utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N Z")}\n"
+      end
+
+      def emit_string(str, indent, quote: false)
+        if str.include?("\n")
+          emit_block_scalar(str, indent)
+        elsif needs_quoting?(str, quote)
+          " #{str.to_s.inspect}\n"
+        else
+          " #{str}\n"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def emit_block_scalar(str, indent)
+        parts = [str.end_with?("\n") ? " |\n" : " |-\n"]
+        str.each_line do |line|
+          parts << "#{pad(indent + 2)}#{line}"
+        end
+        res = parts.join
+        res << "\n" unless res.end_with?("\n")
+        res
+      end
+
+      def needs_quoting?(str, quote)
+        quote || str.empty? ||
+          str =~ /^[!*&:@%$]/ || str =~ /^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$/ || str =~ /^[<>=-]/ ||
+          str == "true" || str == "false" || str == "nil" ||
+          str.include?(":") || str.include?("#") || str.include?("[") || str.include?("]") ||
+          str.include?("{") || str.include?("}") || str.include?(",")
+      end
+
+      def pad(indent)
+        " " * indent
+      end
+    end
+
+    module_function
+
+    def dump(obj)
+      Emitter.new.emit(obj)
+    end
+
+    def load(str, permitted_classes: [], permitted_symbols: [], aliases: true)
+      raise TypeError, "no implicit conversion of nil into String" if str.nil?
+      return nil if str.empty?
+
+      ast = Parser.new(str).parse
+      return nil if ast.nil?
+
+      Builder.new(
+        permitted_classes: permitted_classes,
+        permitted_symbols: permitted_symbols,
+        aliases: aliases
+      ).build(ast)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/set.rb b/lib/set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 26311af6cc..0000000000
--- a/lib/set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,855 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-# :markup: markdown
-#
-# set.rb - defines the Set class
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2002-2024 Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org>
-#
-# Documentation by Akinori MUSHA and Gavin Sinclair.
-#
-# All rights reserved.  You can redistribute and/or modify it under the same
-# terms as Ruby.
-
-
-##
-# This library provides the Set class, which implements a collection
-# of unordered values with no duplicates. It is a hybrid of Array's
-# intuitive inter-operation facilities and Hash's fast lookup.
-#
-# The method `to_set` is added to Enumerable for convenience.
-#
-# Set is easy to use with Enumerable objects (implementing `each`).
-# Most of the initializer methods and binary operators accept generic
-# Enumerable objects besides sets and arrays.  An Enumerable object
-# can be converted to Set using the `to_set` method.
-#
-# Set uses Hash as storage, so you must note the following points:
-#
-# * Equality of elements is determined according to Object#eql? and
-#   Object#hash.  Use Set#compare_by_identity to make a set compare
-#   its elements by their identity.
-# * Set assumes that the identity of each element does not change
-#   while it is stored.  Modifying an element of a set will render the
-#   set to an unreliable state.
-# * When a string is to be stored, a frozen copy of the string is
-#   stored instead unless the original string is already frozen.
-#
-# ## Comparison
-#
-# The comparison operators `<`, `>`, `<=`, and `>=` are implemented as
-# shorthand for the {proper_,}{subset?,superset?} methods.  The `<=>`
-# operator reflects this order, or return `nil` for sets that both
-# have distinct elements (`{x, y}` vs. `{x, z}` for example).
-#
-# ## Example
-#
-# ```ruby
-# require 'set'
-# s1 = Set[1, 2]                        #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-# s2 = [1, 2].to_set                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-# s1 == s2                              #=> true
-# s1.add("foo")                         #=> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo"}>
-# s1.merge([2, 6])                      #=> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo", 6}>
-# s1.subset?(s2)                        #=> false
-# s2.subset?(s1)                        #=> true
-# ```
-#
-# ## Contact
-#
-# - Akinori MUSHA <<knu@iDaemons.org>> (current maintainer)
-#
-# ## What's Here
-#
-#  First, what's elsewhere. \Class \Set:
-#
-# - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
-# - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
-#   which provides dozens of additional methods.
-#
-# In particular, class \Set does not have many methods of its own
-# for fetching or for iterating.
-# Instead, it relies on those in \Enumerable.
-#
-# Here, class \Set provides methods that are useful for:
-#
-# - [Creating a Set](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Creating+a+Set)
-# - [Set Operations](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Set+Operations)
-# - [Comparing](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Comparing)
-# - [Querying](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Querying)
-# - [Assigning](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Assigning)
-# - [Deleting](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Deleting)
-# - [Converting](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Converting)
-# - [Iterating](#class-Set-label-Methods+for+Iterating)
-# - [And more....](#class-Set-label-Other+Methods)
-#
-# ### Methods for Creating a \Set
-#
-# - ::[]:
-#   Returns a new set containing the given objects.
-# - ::new:
-#   Returns a new set containing either the given objects
-#   (if no block given) or the return values from the called block
-#   (if a block given).
-#
-# ### Methods for \Set Operations
-#
-# - [|](#method-i-7C) (aliased as #union and #+):
-#   Returns a new set containing all elements from +self+
-#   and all elements from a given enumerable (no duplicates).
-# - [&](#method-i-26) (aliased as #intersection):
-#   Returns a new set containing all elements common to +self+
-#   and a given enumerable.
-# - [-](#method-i-2D) (aliased as #difference):
-#   Returns a copy of +self+ with all elements
-#   in a given enumerable removed.
-# - [\^](#method-i-5E):
-#   Returns a new set containing all elements from +self+
-#   and a given enumerable except those common to both.
-#
-# ### Methods for Comparing
-#
-# - [<=>](#method-i-3C-3D-3E):
-#   Returns -1, 0, or 1 as +self+ is less than, equal to,
-#   or greater than a given object.
-# - [==](#method-i-3D-3D):
-#   Returns whether +self+ and a given enumerable are equal,
-#   as determined by Object#eql?.
-# - \#compare_by_identity?:
-#   Returns whether the set considers only identity
-#   when comparing elements.
-#
-# ### Methods for Querying
-#
-# - \#length (aliased as #size):
-#   Returns the count of elements.
-# - \#empty?:
-#   Returns whether the set has no elements.
-# - \#include? (aliased as #member? and #===):
-#   Returns whether a given object is an element in the set.
-# - \#subset? (aliased as [<=](#method-i-3C-3D)):
-#   Returns whether a given object is a subset of the set.
-# - \#proper_subset? (aliased as [<](#method-i-3C)):
-#   Returns whether a given enumerable is a proper subset of the set.
-# - \#superset? (aliased as [>=](#method-i-3E-3D])):
-#   Returns whether a given enumerable is a superset of the set.
-# - \#proper_superset? (aliased as [>](#method-i-3E)):
-#   Returns whether a given enumerable is a proper superset of the set.
-# - \#disjoint?:
-#   Returns +true+ if the set and a given enumerable
-#   have no common elements, +false+ otherwise.
-# - \#intersect?:
-#   Returns +true+ if the set and a given enumerable:
-#   have any common elements, +false+ otherwise.
-# - \#compare_by_identity?:
-#   Returns whether the set considers only identity
-#   when comparing elements.
-#
-# ### Methods for Assigning
-#
-# - \#add (aliased as #<<):
-#   Adds a given object to the set; returns +self+.
-# - \#add?:
-#   If the given object is not an element in the set,
-#   adds it and returns +self+; otherwise, returns +nil+.
-# - \#merge:
-#   Merges the elements of each given enumerable object to the set; returns +self+.
-# - \#replace:
-#   Replaces the contents of the set with the contents
-#   of a given enumerable.
-#
-# ### Methods for Deleting
-#
-# - \#clear:
-#   Removes all elements in the set; returns +self+.
-# - \#delete:
-#   Removes a given object from the set; returns +self+.
-# - \#delete?:
-#   If the given object is an element in the set,
-#   removes it and returns +self+; otherwise, returns +nil+.
-# - \#subtract:
-#   Removes each given object from the set; returns +self+.
-# - \#delete_if - Removes elements specified by a given block.
-# - \#select! (aliased as #filter!):
-#   Removes elements not specified by a given block.
-# - \#keep_if:
-#   Removes elements not specified by a given block.
-# - \#reject!
-#   Removes elements specified by a given block.
-#
-# ### Methods for Converting
-#
-# - \#classify:
-#   Returns a hash that classifies the elements,
-#   as determined by the given block.
-# - \#collect! (aliased as #map!):
-#   Replaces each element with a block return-value.
-# - \#divide:
-#   Returns a hash that classifies the elements,
-#   as determined by the given block;
-#   differs from #classify in that the block may accept
-#   either one or two arguments.
-# - \#flatten:
-#   Returns a new set that is a recursive flattening of +self+.
-#  \#flatten!:
-#   Replaces each nested set in +self+ with the elements from that set.
-# - \#inspect (aliased as #to_s):
-#   Returns a string displaying the elements.
-# - \#join:
-#   Returns a string containing all elements, converted to strings
-#   as needed, and joined by the given record separator.
-# - \#to_a:
-#   Returns an array containing all set elements.
-# - \#to_set:
-#   Returns +self+ if given no arguments and no block;
-#   with a block given, returns a new set consisting of block
-#   return values.
-#
-# ### Methods for Iterating
-#
-# - \#each:
-#   Calls the block with each successive element; returns +self+.
-#
-# ### Other Methods
-#
-# - \#reset:
-#   Resets the internal state; useful if an object
-#   has been modified while an element in the set.
-#
-class Set
-  VERSION = "1.1.1"
-
-  include Enumerable
-
-  # Creates a new set containing the given objects.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2]                   # => #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  #     Set[1, 2, 1]                # => #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  #     Set[1, 'c', :s]             # => #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
-  def self.[](*ary)
-    new(ary)
-  end
-
-  # Creates a new set containing the elements of the given enumerable
-  # object.
-  #
-  # If a block is given, the elements of enum are preprocessed by the
-  # given block.
-  #
-  #     Set.new([1, 2])                       #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  #     Set.new([1, 2, 1])                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  #     Set.new([1, 'c', :s])                 #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
-  #     Set.new(1..5)                         #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}>
-  #     Set.new([1, 2, 3]) { |x| x * x }      #=> #<Set: {1, 4, 9}>
-  def initialize(enum = nil, &block) # :yields: o
-    @hash ||= Hash.new(false)
-
-    enum.nil? and return
-
-    if block
-      do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(block[o]) }
-    else
-      merge(enum)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Makes the set compare its elements by their identity and returns
-  # self.  This method may not be supported by all subclasses of Set.
-  def compare_by_identity
-    if @hash.respond_to?(:compare_by_identity)
-      @hash.compare_by_identity
-      self
-    else
-      raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class.name}\##{__method__} is not implemented"
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if the set will compare its elements by their
-  # identity.  Also see Set#compare_by_identity.
-  def compare_by_identity?
-    @hash.respond_to?(:compare_by_identity?) && @hash.compare_by_identity?
-  end
-
-  def do_with_enum(enum, &block) # :nodoc:
-    if enum.respond_to?(:each_entry)
-      enum.each_entry(&block) if block
-    elsif enum.respond_to?(:each)
-      enum.each(&block) if block
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
-    end
-  end
-  private :do_with_enum
-
-  # Dup internal hash.
-  def initialize_dup(orig)
-    super
-    @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).dup
-  end
-
-  # Clone internal hash.
-  def initialize_clone(orig, **options)
-    super
-    @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).clone(**options)
-  end
-
-  def freeze    # :nodoc:
-    @hash.freeze
-    super
-  end
-
-  # Returns the number of elements.
-  def size
-    @hash.size
-  end
-  alias length size
-
-  # Returns true if the set contains no elements.
-  def empty?
-    @hash.empty?
-  end
-
-  # Removes all elements and returns self.
-  #
-  #     set = Set[1, 'c', :s]             #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
-  #     set.clear                         #=> #<Set: {}>
-  #     set                               #=> #<Set: {}>
-  def clear
-    @hash.clear
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Replaces the contents of the set with the contents of the given
-  # enumerable object and returns self.
-  #
-  #     set = Set[1, 'c', :s]             #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
-  #     set.replace([1, 2])               #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  #     set                               #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  def replace(enum)
-    if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
-      @hash.replace(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
-      self
-    else
-      do_with_enum(enum)  # make sure enum is enumerable before calling clear
-      clear
-      merge(enum)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Returns an array containing all elements in the set.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2].to_a                    #=> [1, 2]
-  #     Set[1, 'c', :s].to_a              #=> [1, "c", :s]
-  def to_a
-    @hash.keys
-  end
-
-  # Returns self if no arguments are given.  Otherwise, converts the
-  # set to another with `klass.new(self, *args, &block)`.
-  #
-  # In subclasses, returns `klass.new(self, *args, &block)` unless
-  # overridden.
-  def to_set(klass = Set, *args, &block)
-    return self if instance_of?(Set) && klass == Set && block.nil? && args.empty?
-    klass.new(self, *args, &block)
-  end
-
-  def flatten_merge(set, seen = {}) # :nodoc:
-    set.each { |e|
-      if e.is_a?(Set)
-        case seen[e_id = e.object_id]
-        when true
-          raise ArgumentError, "tried to flatten recursive Set"
-        when false
-          next
-        end
-
-        seen[e_id] = true
-        flatten_merge(e, seen)
-        seen[e_id] = false
-      else
-        add(e)
-      end
-    }
-
-    self
-  end
-  protected :flatten_merge
-
-  # Returns a new set that is a copy of the set, flattening each
-  # containing set recursively.
-  def flatten
-    self.class.new.flatten_merge(self)
-  end
-
-  # Equivalent to Set#flatten, but replaces the receiver with the
-  # result in place.  Returns nil if no modifications were made.
-  def flatten!
-    replace(flatten()) if any?(Set)
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if the set contains the given object.
-  #
-  # Note that <code>include?</code> and <code>member?</code> do not test member
-  # equality using <code>==</code> as do other Enumerables.
-  #
-  # See also Enumerable#include?
-  def include?(o)
-    @hash[o]
-  end
-  alias member? include?
-
-  # Returns true if the set is a superset of the given set.
-  def superset?(set)
-    case
-    when set.instance_of?(self.class) && @hash.respond_to?(:>=)
-      @hash >= set.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
-    when set.is_a?(Set)
-      size >= set.size && set.all?(self)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
-    end
-  end
-  alias >= superset?
-
-  # Returns true if the set is a proper superset of the given set.
-  def proper_superset?(set)
-    case
-    when set.instance_of?(self.class) && @hash.respond_to?(:>)
-      @hash > set.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
-    when set.is_a?(Set)
-      size > set.size && set.all?(self)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
-    end
-  end
-  alias > proper_superset?
-
-  # Returns true if the set is a subset of the given set.
-  def subset?(set)
-    case
-    when set.instance_of?(self.class) && @hash.respond_to?(:<=)
-      @hash <= set.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
-    when set.is_a?(Set)
-      size <= set.size && all?(set)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
-    end
-  end
-  alias <= subset?
-
-  # Returns true if the set is a proper subset of the given set.
-  def proper_subset?(set)
-    case
-    when set.instance_of?(self.class) && @hash.respond_to?(:<)
-      @hash < set.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
-    when set.is_a?(Set)
-      size < set.size && all?(set)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
-    end
-  end
-  alias < proper_subset?
-
-  # Returns 0 if the set are equal,
-  # -1 / +1 if the set is a proper subset / superset of the given set,
-  # or nil if they both have unique elements.
-  def <=>(set)
-    return unless set.is_a?(Set)
-
-    case size <=> set.size
-    when -1 then -1 if proper_subset?(set)
-    when +1 then +1 if proper_superset?(set)
-    else 0 if self.==(set)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if the set and the given enumerable have at least one
-  # element in common.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[4, 5]   #=> false
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[3, 4]   #=> true
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? 4..5        #=> false
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? [3, 4]      #=> true
-  def intersect?(set)
-    case set
-    when Set
-      if size < set.size
-        any?(set)
-      else
-        set.any?(self)
-      end
-    when Enumerable
-      set.any?(self)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if the set and the given enumerable have
-  # no element in common.  This method is the opposite of `intersect?`.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[3, 4]   #=> false
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[4, 5]   #=> true
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? [3, 4]      #=> false
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? 4..5        #=> true
-  def disjoint?(set)
-    !intersect?(set)
-  end
-
-  # Calls the given block once for each element in the set, passing
-  # the element as parameter.  Returns an enumerator if no block is
-  # given.
-  def each(&block)
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    @hash.each_key(&block)
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Adds the given object to the set and returns self.  Use `merge` to
-  # add many elements at once.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2].add(3)                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3}>
-  #     Set[1, 2].add([3, 4])               #=> #<Set: {1, 2, [3, 4]}>
-  #     Set[1, 2].add(2)                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
-  def add(o)
-    @hash[o] = true
-    self
-  end
-  alias << add
-
-  # Adds the given object to the set and returns self.  If the
-  # object is already in the set, returns nil.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2].add?(3)                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3}>
-  #     Set[1, 2].add?([3, 4])               #=> #<Set: {1, 2, [3, 4]}>
-  #     Set[1, 2].add?(2)                    #=> nil
-  def add?(o)
-    add(o) unless include?(o)
-  end
-
-  # Deletes the given object from the set and returns self.  Use
-  # `subtract` to delete many items at once.
-  def delete(o)
-    @hash.delete(o)
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Deletes the given object from the set and returns self.  If the
-  # object is not in the set, returns nil.
-  def delete?(o)
-    delete(o) if include?(o)
-  end
-
-  # Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to
-  # true, and returns self. Returns an enumerator if no block is
-  # given.
-  def delete_if(&block)
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    # Instead of directly using @hash.delete_if, perform enumeration
-    # using self.each that subclasses may override.
-    select(&block).each { |o| @hash.delete(o) }
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to
-  # false, and returns self. Returns an enumerator if no block is
-  # given.
-  def keep_if(&block)
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    # Instead of directly using @hash.keep_if, perform enumeration
-    # using self.each that subclasses may override.
-    reject(&block).each { |o| @hash.delete(o) }
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Replaces the elements with ones returned by `collect()`.
-  # Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-  def collect!
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    set = self.class.new
-    each { |o| set << yield(o) }
-    replace(set)
-  end
-  alias map! collect!
-
-  # Equivalent to Set#delete_if, but returns nil if no changes were
-  # made. Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-  def reject!(&block)
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    n = size
-    delete_if(&block)
-    self if size != n
-  end
-
-  # Equivalent to Set#keep_if, but returns nil if no changes were
-  # made. Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-  def select!(&block)
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-    n = size
-    keep_if(&block)
-    self if size != n
-  end
-
-  # Equivalent to Set#select!
-  alias filter! select!
-
-  # Merges the elements of the given enumerable objects to the set and
-  # returns self.
-  def merge(*enums, **nil)
-    enums.each do |enum|
-      if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
-        @hash.update(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
-      else
-        do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(o) }
-      end
-    end
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Deletes every element that appears in the given enumerable object
-  # and returns self.
-  def subtract(enum)
-    do_with_enum(enum) { |o| delete(o) }
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Returns a new set built by merging the set and the elements of the
-  # given enumerable object.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3] | Set[2, 4, 5]         #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}>
-  #     Set[1, 5, 'z'] | (1..6)             #=> #<Set: {1, 5, "z", 2, 3, 4, 6}>
-  def |(enum)
-    dup.merge(enum)
-  end
-  alias + |
-  alias union |
-
-  # Returns a new set built by duplicating the set, removing every
-  # element that appears in the given enumerable object.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 3, 5] - Set[1, 5]                #=> #<Set: {3}>
-  #     Set['a', 'b', 'z'] - ['a', 'c']         #=> #<Set: {"b", "z"}>
-  def -(enum)
-    dup.subtract(enum)
-  end
-  alias difference -
-
-  # Returns a new set containing elements common to the set and the
-  # given enumerable object.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 3, 5] & Set[3, 2, 1]             #=> #<Set: {3, 1}>
-  #     Set['a', 'b', 'z'] & ['a', 'b', 'c']    #=> #<Set: {"a", "b"}>
-  def &(enum)
-    n = self.class.new
-    if enum.is_a?(Set)
-      if enum.size > size
-        each { |o| n.add(o) if enum.include?(o) }
-      else
-        enum.each { |o| n.add(o) if include?(o) }
-      end
-    else
-      do_with_enum(enum) { |o| n.add(o) if include?(o) }
-    end
-    n
-  end
-  alias intersection &
-
-  # Returns a new set containing elements exclusive between the set
-  # and the given enumerable object.  `(set ^ enum)` is equivalent to
-  # `((set | enum) - (set & enum))`.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2] ^ Set[2, 3]                   #=> #<Set: {3, 1}>
-  #     Set[1, 'b', 'c'] ^ ['b', 'd']           #=> #<Set: {"d", 1, "c"}>
-  def ^(enum)
-    n = self.class.new(enum)
-    each { |o| n.add(o) unless n.delete?(o) }
-    n
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if two sets are equal.  The equality of each couple
-  # of elements is defined according to Object#eql?.
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2] == Set[2, 1]                       #=> true
-  #     Set[1, 3, 5] == Set[1, 5]                    #=> false
-  #     Set['a', 'b', 'c'] == Set['a', 'c', 'b']     #=> true
-  #     Set['a', 'b', 'c'] == ['a', 'c', 'b']        #=> false
-  def ==(other)
-    if self.equal?(other)
-      true
-    elsif other.instance_of?(self.class)
-      @hash == other.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
-    elsif other.is_a?(Set) && self.size == other.size
-      other.all? { |o| @hash.include?(o) }
-    else
-      false
-    end
-  end
-
-  def hash      # :nodoc:
-    @hash.hash
-  end
-
-  def eql?(o)   # :nodoc:
-    return false unless o.is_a?(Set)
-    @hash.eql?(o.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
-  end
-
-  # Resets the internal state after modification to existing elements
-  # and returns self.
-  #
-  # Elements will be reindexed and deduplicated.
-  def reset
-    if @hash.respond_to?(:rehash)
-      @hash.rehash # This should perform frozenness check.
-    else
-      raise FrozenError, "can't modify frozen #{self.class.name}" if frozen?
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Returns true if the given object is a member of the set,
-  # and false otherwise.
-  #
-  # Used in case statements:
-  #
-  #     require 'set'
-  #
-  #     case :apple
-  #     when Set[:potato, :carrot]
-  #       "vegetable"
-  #     when Set[:apple, :banana]
-  #       "fruit"
-  #     end
-  #     # => "fruit"
-  #
-  # Or by itself:
-  #
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3] === 2   #=> true
-  #     Set[1, 2, 3] === 4   #=> false
-  #
-  alias === include?
-
-  # Classifies the set by the return value of the given block and
-  # returns a hash of {value => set of elements} pairs.  The block is
-  # called once for each element of the set, passing the element as
-  # parameter.
-  #
-  #     require 'set'
-  #     files = Set.new(Dir.glob("*.rb"))
-  #     hash = files.classify { |f| File.mtime(f).year }
-  #     hash       #=> {2000=>#<Set: {"a.rb", "b.rb"}>,
-  #                #    2001=>#<Set: {"c.rb", "d.rb", "e.rb"}>,
-  #                #    2002=>#<Set: {"f.rb"}>}
-  #
-  # Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-  def classify # :yields: o
-    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-
-    h = {}
-
-    each { |i|
-      (h[yield(i)] ||= self.class.new).add(i)
-    }
-
-    h
-  end
-
-  # Divides the set into a set of subsets according to the commonality
-  # defined by the given block.
-  #
-  # If the arity of the block is 2, elements o1 and o2 are in common
-  # if block.call(o1, o2) is true.  Otherwise, elements o1 and o2 are
-  # in common if block.call(o1) == block.call(o2).
-  #
-  #     require 'set'
-  #     numbers = Set[1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11]
-  #     set = numbers.divide { |i,j| (i - j).abs == 1 }
-  #     set        #=> #<Set: {#<Set: {1}>,
-  #                #           #<Set: {11, 9, 10}>,
-  #                #           #<Set: {3, 4}>,
-  #                #           #<Set: {6}>}>
-  #
-  # Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-  def divide(&func)
-    func or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
-
-    if func.arity == 2
-      require 'tsort'
-
-      class << dig = {}         # :nodoc:
-        include TSort
-
-        alias tsort_each_node each_key
-        def tsort_each_child(node, &block)
-          fetch(node).each(&block)
-        end
-      end
-
-      each { |u|
-        dig[u] = a = []
-        each{ |v| func.call(u, v) and a << v }
-      }
-
-      set = Set.new()
-      dig.each_strongly_connected_component { |css|
-        set.add(self.class.new(css))
-      }
-      set
-    else
-      Set.new(classify(&func).values)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Returns a string created by converting each element of the set to a string
-  # See also: Array#join
-  def join(separator=nil)
-    to_a.join(separator)
-  end
-
-  InspectKey = :__inspect_key__         # :nodoc:
-
-  # Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the
-  # set ("#<Set: {element1, element2, ...}>").
-  def inspect
-    ids = (Thread.current[InspectKey] ||= [])
-
-    if ids.include?(object_id)
-      return sprintf('#<%s: {...}>', self.class.name)
-    end
-
-    ids << object_id
-    begin
-      return sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class, to_a.inspect[1..-2])
-    ensure
-      ids.pop
-    end
-  end
-
-  alias to_s inspect
-
-  def pretty_print(pp)  # :nodoc:
-    pp.group(1, sprintf('#<%s:', self.class.name), '>') {
-      pp.breakable
-      pp.group(1, '{', '}') {
-        pp.seplist(self) { |o|
-          pp.pp o
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  end
-
-  def pretty_print_cycle(pp)    # :nodoc:
-    pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class.name, empty? ? '' : '...')
-  end
-end
-
-module Enumerable
-  # Makes a set from the enumerable object with given arguments.
-  # Needs to `require "set"` to use this method.
-  def to_set(klass = Set, *args, &block)
-    klass.new(self, *args, &block)
-  end unless method_defined?(:to_set)
-end
-
-autoload :SortedSet, "#{__dir__}/set/sorted_set"
diff --git a/lib/set/set.gemspec b/lib/set/set.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ebef6985d..0000000000
--- a/lib/set/set.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name = File.basename(__FILE__, ".gemspec")
-version = ["lib", Array.new(name.count("-")+1, "..").join("/")].find do |dir|
-  break File.foreach(File.join(__dir__, dir, "#{name.tr('-', '/')}.rb")) do |line|
-    /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
-  end rescue nil
-end
-
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name          = name
-  spec.version       = version
-  spec.authors       = ["Akinori MUSHA"]
-  spec.email         = ["knu@idaemons.org"]
-
-  spec.summary       = %q{Provides a class to deal with collections of unordered, unique values}
-  spec.description   = %q{Provides a class to deal with collections of unordered, unique values}
-  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/set"
-  spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.0.0")
-
-  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = "https://github.com/ruby/set/blob/v#{spec.version}/CHANGELOG.md"
-
-  # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
-  # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
-  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-end
diff --git a/lib/set/sorted_set.rb b/lib/set/sorted_set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bc07bc1fb0..0000000000
--- a/lib/set/sorted_set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-begin
-  require 'sorted_set'
-rescue ::LoadError
-  raise "The `SortedSet` class has been extracted from the `set` library. " \
-        "You must use the `sorted_set` gem or other alternatives."
-end
diff --git a/lib/set/subclass_compatible.rb b/lib/set/subclass_compatible.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f43c34f6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/set/subclass_compatible.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# :markup: markdown
+#
+# set/subclass_compatible.rb - Provides compatibility for set subclasses
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2002-2024 Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org>
+#
+# Documentation by Akinori MUSHA and Gavin Sinclair.
+#
+# All rights reserved.  You can redistribute and/or modify it under the same
+# terms as Ruby.
+
+
+class Set
+  # This module is automatically included in subclasses of Set, to
+  # make them backwards compatible with the pure-Ruby set implementation
+  # used before Ruby 4. Users who want to use Set subclasses without
+  # this compatibility layer should subclass from Set::CoreSet.
+  #
+  # Note that Set subclasses that access `@hash` are not compatible even
+  # with this support. Such subclasses must be updated to support Ruby 4.
+  module SubclassCompatible
+    module ClassMethods
+      def [](*ary)
+        new(ary)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Creates a new set containing the elements of the given enumerable
+    # object.
+    #
+    # If a block is given, the elements of enum are preprocessed by the
+    # given block.
+    #
+    #     Set.new([1, 2])                       #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
+    #     Set.new([1, 2, 1])                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
+    #     Set.new([1, 'c', :s])                 #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
+    #     Set.new(1..5)                         #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}>
+    #     Set.new([1, 2, 3]) { |x| x * x }      #=> #<Set: {1, 4, 9}>
+    def initialize(enum = nil, &block) # :yields: o
+      enum.nil? and return
+
+      if block
+        do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(block[o]) }
+      else
+        merge(enum)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def do_with_enum(enum, &block) # :nodoc:
+      if enum.respond_to?(:each_entry)
+        enum.each_entry(&block) if block
+      elsif enum.respond_to?(:each)
+        enum.each(&block) if block
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
+      end
+    end
+    private :do_with_enum
+
+    def replace(enum)
+      if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      else
+        do_with_enum(enum)  # make sure enum is enumerable before calling clear
+        clear
+        merge(enum)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_set(&block)
+      return self if instance_of?(Set) && block.nil?
+      Set.new(self, &block)
+    end
+
+    def flatten_merge(set, seen = {}) # :nodoc:
+      set.each { |e|
+        if e.is_a?(Set)
+          case seen[e_id = e.object_id]
+          when true
+            raise ArgumentError, "tried to flatten recursive Set"
+          when false
+            next
+          end
+
+          seen[e_id] = true
+          flatten_merge(e, seen)
+          seen[e_id] = false
+        else
+          add(e)
+        end
+      }
+
+      self
+    end
+    protected :flatten_merge
+
+    def flatten
+      self.class.new.flatten_merge(self)
+    end
+
+    def flatten!
+      replace(flatten()) if any?(Set)
+    end
+
+    def superset?(set)
+      case
+      when set.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      when set.is_a?(Set)
+        size >= set.size && set.all?(self)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
+      end
+    end
+    alias >= superset?
+
+    def proper_superset?(set)
+      case
+      when set.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      when set.is_a?(Set)
+        size > set.size && set.all?(self)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
+      end
+    end
+    alias > proper_superset?
+
+    def subset?(set)
+      case
+      when set.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      when set.is_a?(Set)
+        size <= set.size && all?(set)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
+      end
+    end
+    alias <= subset?
+
+    def proper_subset?(set)
+      case
+      when set.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      when set.is_a?(Set)
+        size < set.size && all?(set)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
+      end
+    end
+    alias < proper_subset?
+
+    def <=>(set)
+      return unless set.is_a?(Set)
+
+      case size <=> set.size
+      when -1 then -1 if proper_subset?(set)
+      when +1 then +1 if proper_superset?(set)
+      else 0 if self.==(set)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def intersect?(set)
+      case set
+      when Set
+        if size < set.size
+          any?(set)
+        else
+          set.any?(self)
+        end
+      when Enumerable
+        set.any?(self)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def disjoint?(set)
+      !intersect?(set)
+    end
+
+    def add?(o)
+      add(o) unless include?(o)
+    end
+
+    def delete?(o)
+      delete(o) if include?(o)
+    end
+
+    def delete_if(&block)
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+      select(&block).each { |o| delete(o) }
+      self
+    end
+
+    def keep_if(&block)
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+      reject(&block).each { |o| delete(o) }
+      self
+    end
+
+    def collect!
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+      set = self.class.new
+      each { |o| set << yield(o) }
+      replace(set)
+    end
+    alias map! collect!
+
+    def reject!(&block)
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+      n = size
+      delete_if(&block)
+      self if size != n
+    end
+
+    def select!(&block)
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+      n = size
+      keep_if(&block)
+      self if size != n
+    end
+
+    alias filter! select!
+
+    def merge(*enums, **nil)
+      enums.each do |enum|
+        if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
+          super(enum)
+        else
+          do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(o) }
+        end
+      end
+
+      self
+    end
+
+    def subtract(enum)
+      do_with_enum(enum) { |o| delete(o) }
+      self
+    end
+
+    def |(enum)
+      dup.merge(enum)
+    end
+    alias + |
+    alias union |
+
+    def -(enum)
+      dup.subtract(enum)
+    end
+    alias difference -
+
+    def &(enum)
+      n = self.class.new
+      if enum.is_a?(Set)
+        if enum.size > size
+          each { |o| n.add(o) if enum.include?(o) }
+        else
+          enum.each { |o| n.add(o) if include?(o) }
+        end
+      else
+        do_with_enum(enum) { |o| n.add(o) if include?(o) }
+      end
+      n
+    end
+    alias intersection &
+
+    def ^(enum)
+      n = self.class.new(enum)
+      each { |o| n.add(o) unless n.delete?(o) }
+      n
+    end
+
+    def ==(other)
+      if self.equal?(other)
+        true
+      elsif other.instance_of?(self.class)
+        super
+      elsif other.is_a?(Set) && self.size == other.size
+        other.all? { |o| include?(o) }
+      else
+        false
+      end
+    end
+
+    def eql?(o)   # :nodoc:
+      return false unless o.is_a?(Set)
+      super
+    end
+
+    def classify
+      block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { size }
+
+      h = {}
+
+      each { |i|
+        (h[yield(i)] ||= self.class.new).add(i)
+      }
+
+      h
+    end
+
+    def join(separator=nil)
+      to_a.join(separator)
+    end
+
+    InspectKey = :__inspect_key__         # :nodoc:
+
+    # Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the
+    # set ("#<Set: {element1, element2, ...}>").
+    def inspect
+      ids = (Thread.current[InspectKey] ||= [])
+
+      if ids.include?(object_id)
+        return sprintf('#<%s: {...}>', self.class.name)
+      end
+
+      ids << object_id
+      begin
+        return sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class, to_a.inspect[1..-2])
+      ensure
+        ids.pop
+      end
+    end
+
+    alias to_s inspect
+
+    def pretty_print(pp)  # :nodoc:
+      pp.group(1, sprintf('#<%s:', self.class.name), '>') {
+        pp.breakable
+        pp.group(1, '{', '}') {
+          pp.seplist(self) { |o|
+            pp.pp o
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    def pretty_print_cycle(pp)    # :nodoc:
+      pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class.name, empty? ? '' : '...')
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :SubclassCompatible
+end
diff --git a/lib/shellwords.gemspec b/lib/shellwords.gemspec
index 8d0c518ca5..b601508f94 100644
--- a/lib/shellwords.gemspec
+++ b/lib/shellwords.gemspec
@@ -25,7 +25,5 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.files         = Dir.chdir(srcdir) do
     `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{\A(?:(?:test|spec|features)/|\.git|Rake)}) || f ==  gemspec_file}
   end
-  spec.bindir        = "exe"
-  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
   spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 end
diff --git a/lib/singleton.rb b/lib/singleton.rb
index b8e43a7794..74aec8903c 100644
--- a/lib/singleton.rb
+++ b/lib/singleton.rb
@@ -92,9 +92,10 @@
 #    p a.strip #  => nil
 #
 module Singleton
+  # The version string
   VERSION = "0.3.0"
 
-  module SingletonInstanceMethods
+  module SingletonInstanceMethods # :nodoc:
     # Raises a TypeError to prevent cloning.
     def clone
       raise TypeError, "can't clone instance of singleton #{self.class}"
@@ -143,11 +144,11 @@ module Singleton
     end
   end
 
-  def self.module_with_class_methods
+  def self.module_with_class_methods # :nodoc:
     SingletonClassMethods
   end
 
-  module SingletonClassProperties
+  module SingletonClassProperties # :nodoc:
 
     def self.included(c)
       # extending an object with Singleton is a bad idea
@@ -196,10 +197,10 @@ module Singleton
 end
 
 if defined?(Ractor)
-  module RactorLocalSingleton
+  module RactorLocalSingleton # :nodoc:
     include Singleton::SingletonInstanceMethods
 
-    module RactorLocalSingletonClassMethods
+    module RactorLocalSingletonClassMethods # :nodoc:
       include Singleton::SingletonClassMethods
       def instance
         set_mutex(Thread::Mutex.new) if Ractor.current[mutex_key].nil?
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/api.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/api.rb
index 46c9c8adac..5054efa888 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/api.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/api.rb
@@ -7,25 +7,8 @@ require "stringio"
 require "pathname"
 require "timeout"
 
-# We need Ripper loaded for `Prism.lex_compat` even if we're using Prism
-# for lexing and parsing
-require "ripper"
-
 # Prism is the new parser, replacing Ripper
-#
-# We need to "dual boot" both for now because syntax_suggest
-# supports older rubies that do not ship with syntax suggest.
-#
-# We also need the ability to control loading of this library
-# so we can test that both modes work correctly in CI.
-if (value = ENV["SYNTAX_SUGGEST_DISABLE_PRISM"])
-  warn "Skipping loading prism due to SYNTAX_SUGGEST_DISABLE_PRISM=#{value}"
-else
-  begin
-    require "prism"
-  rescue LoadError
-  end
-end
+require "prism"
 
 module SyntaxSuggest
   # Used to indicate a default value that cannot
@@ -35,14 +18,6 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
   class Error < StandardError; end
   TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = ENV.fetch("SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT", 1).to_i
 
-  # SyntaxSuggest.use_prism_parser? [Private]
-  #
-  # Tells us if the prism parser is available for use
-  # or if we should fallback to `Ripper`
-  def self.use_prism_parser?
-    defined?(Prism)
-  end
-
   # SyntaxSuggest.handle_error [Public]
   #
   # Takes a `SyntaxError` exception, uses the
@@ -146,30 +121,17 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
   def self.valid_without?(without_lines:, code_lines:)
     lines = code_lines - Array(without_lines).flatten
 
-    if lines.empty?
-      true
-    else
-      valid?(lines)
-    end
+    lines.empty? || valid?(lines)
   end
 
   # SyntaxSuggest.invalid? [Private]
   #
   # Opposite of `SyntaxSuggest.valid?`
-  if defined?(Prism)
-    def self.invalid?(source)
-      source = source.join if source.is_a?(Array)
-      source = source.to_s
+  def self.invalid?(source)
+    source = source.join if source.is_a?(Array)
+    source = source.to_s
 
-      Prism.parse(source).failure?
-    end
-  else
-    def self.invalid?(source)
-      source = source.join if source.is_a?(Array)
-      source = source.to_s
-
-      Ripper.new(source).tap(&:parse).error?
-    end
+    Prism.parse(source).failure?
   end
 
   # SyntaxSuggest.valid? [Private]
@@ -223,7 +185,6 @@ require_relative "explain_syntax"
 require_relative "clean_document"
 
 # Helpers
-require_relative "lex_all"
 require_relative "code_line"
 require_relative "code_block"
 require_relative "block_expand"
@@ -235,3 +196,5 @@ require_relative "priority_engulf_queue"
 require_relative "pathname_from_message"
 require_relative "display_invalid_blocks"
 require_relative "parse_blocks_from_indent_line"
+require_relative "visitor"
+require_relative "token"
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/clean_document.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/clean_document.rb
index ba307af46e..94c68d8ad4 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/clean_document.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/clean_document.rb
@@ -66,27 +66,9 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
   #
   # All of these problems are fixed by joining the whole heredoc into a single
   # line.
-  #
-  # ## Comments and whitespace
-  #
-  # Comments can throw off the way the lexer tells us that the line
-  # logically belongs with the next line. This is valid ruby but
-  # results in a different lex output than before:
-  #
-  #     1 User.
-  #     2   where(name: "schneems").
-  #     3   # Comment here
-  #     4   first
-  #
-  # To handle this we can replace comment lines with empty lines
-  # and then re-lex the source. This removal and re-lexing preserves
-  # line index and document size, but generates an easier to work with
-  # document.
-  #
   class CleanDocument
     def initialize(source:)
-      lines = clean_sweep(source: source)
-      @document = CodeLine.from_source(lines.join, lines: lines)
+      @document = CodeLine.from_source(source)
     end
 
     # Call all of the document "cleaners"
@@ -110,62 +92,6 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
       @document.join
     end
 
-    # Remove comments
-    #
-    # replace with empty newlines
-    #
-    #     source = <<~'EOM'
-    #       # Comment 1
-    #       puts "hello"
-    #       # Comment 2
-    #       puts "world"
-    #     EOM
-    #
-    #     lines = CleanDocument.new(source: source).lines
-    #     expect(lines[0].to_s).to eq("\n")
-    #     expect(lines[1].to_s).to eq("puts "hello")
-    #     expect(lines[2].to_s).to eq("\n")
-    #     expect(lines[3].to_s).to eq("puts "world")
-    #
-    # Important: This must be done before lexing.
-    #
-    # After this change is made, we lex the document because
-    # removing comments can change how the doc is parsed.
-    #
-    # For example:
-    #
-    #     values = LexAll.new(source: <<~EOM))
-    #       User.
-    #         # comment
-    #         where(name: 'schneems')
-    #     EOM
-    #     expect(
-    #       values.count {|v| v.type == :on_ignored_nl}
-    #     ).to eq(1)
-    #
-    # After the comment is removed:
-    #
-    #     values = LexAll.new(source: <<~EOM))
-    #       User.
-    #
-    #         where(name: 'schneems')
-    #     EOM
-    #     expect(
-    #      values.count {|v| v.type == :on_ignored_nl}
-    #    ).to eq(2)
-    #
-    def clean_sweep(source:)
-      # Match comments, but not HEREDOC strings with #{variable} interpolation
-      # https://rubular.com/r/HPwtW9OYxKUHXQ
-      source.lines.map do |line|
-        if line.match?(/^\s*#([^{].*|)$/)
-          $/
-        else
-          line
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
     # Smushes all heredoc lines into one line
     #
     #     source = <<~'EOM'
@@ -182,11 +108,11 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
       start_index_stack = []
       heredoc_beg_end_index = []
       lines.each do |line|
-        line.lex.each do |lex_value|
-          case lex_value.type
-          when :on_heredoc_beg
+        line.tokens.each do |token|
+          case token.type
+          when :HEREDOC_START
             start_index_stack << line.index
-          when :on_heredoc_end
+          when :HEREDOC_END
             start_index = start_index_stack.pop
             end_index = line.index
             heredoc_beg_end_index << [start_index, end_index]
@@ -212,20 +138,10 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
     #     expect(lines[0].to_s).to eq(source)
     #     expect(lines[1].to_s).to eq("")
     #
-    # The one known case this doesn't handle is:
-    #
-    #     Ripper.lex <<~EOM
-    #       a &&
-    #        b ||
-    #        c
-    #     EOM
-    #
-    # For some reason this introduces `on_ignore_newline` but with BEG type
-    #
     def join_consecutive!
-      consecutive_groups = @document.select(&:ignore_newline_not_beg?).map do |code_line|
+      consecutive_groups = @document.select(&:consecutive?).map do |code_line|
         take_while_including(code_line.index..) do |line|
-          line.ignore_newline_not_beg?
+          line.consecutive?
         end
       end
 
@@ -273,16 +189,17 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
 
         # Join group into the first line
         @document[line.index] = CodeLine.new(
-          lex: lines.map(&:lex).flatten,
+          tokens: lines.map(&:tokens).flatten,
           line: lines.join,
-          index: line.index
+          index: line.index,
+          consecutive: false
         )
 
         # Hide the rest of the lines
         lines[1..].each do |line|
           # The above lines already have newlines in them, if add more
           # then there will be double newline, use an empty line instead
-          @document[line.index] = CodeLine.new(line: "", index: line.index, lex: [])
+          @document[line.index] = CodeLine.new(line: "", index: line.index, tokens: [], consecutive: false)
         end
       end
       self
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/code_line.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/code_line.rb
index 58197e95d0..7fb1aae26a 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/code_line.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/code_line.rb
@@ -26,23 +26,57 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
 
     # Returns an array of CodeLine objects
     # from the source string
-    def self.from_source(source, lines: nil)
-      lines ||= source.lines
-      lex_array_for_line = LexAll.new(source: source, source_lines: lines).each_with_object(Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }) { |lex, hash| hash[lex.line] << lex }
-      lines.map.with_index do |line, index|
+    def self.from_source(source)
+      source = +source
+      parse_result = Prism.parse_lex(source)
+      ast, tokens = parse_result.value
+
+      clean_comments!(source, parse_result.comments)
+
+      visitor = Visitor.new
+      visitor.visit(ast)
+      tokens.sort_by! { |token, _state| token.location.start_line }
+
+      prev_token = nil
+      tokens.map! do |token, _state|
+        prev_token = Token.new(token, prev_token, visitor)
+      end
+
+      tokens_for_line = tokens.each_with_object(Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }) { |token, hash| hash[token.line] << token }
+      source.lines.map.with_index do |line, index|
         CodeLine.new(
           line: line,
           index: index,
-          lex: lex_array_for_line[index + 1]
+          tokens: tokens_for_line[index + 1],
+          consecutive: visitor.consecutive_lines.include?(index + 1)
         )
       end
     end
 
-    attr_reader :line, :index, :lex, :line_number, :indent
-    def initialize(line:, index:, lex:)
-      @lex = lex
+    # Remove comments that apear on their own in source. They will never be the cause
+    # of syntax errors and are just visual noise. Example:
+    #
+    #   source = +<<~RUBY
+    #     # Comment-only line
+    #     foo # Inline comment
+    #   RUBY
+    #   CodeLine.clean_comments!(source, Prism.parse(source).comments)
+    #   source # => "\nfoo # Inline comment\n"
+    def self.clean_comments!(source, comments)
+      # Iterate backwards since we are modifying the source in place and must preserve
+      # the offsets. Prism comments are sorted by their location in the source.
+      comments.reverse_each do |comment|
+        next if comment.trailing?
+        source.bytesplice(comment.location.start_offset, comment.location.length, "")
+      end
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :line, :index, :tokens, :line_number, :indent
+    def initialize(line:, index:, tokens:, consecutive:)
+      @tokens = tokens
       @line = line
       @index = index
+      @consecutive = consecutive
       @original = line
       @line_number = @index + 1
       strip_line = line.dup
@@ -151,92 +185,36 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
       index <=> other.index
     end
 
-    # [Not stable API]
-    #
-    # Lines that have a `on_ignored_nl` type token and NOT
-    # a `BEG` type seem to be a good proxy for the ability
-    # to join multiple lines into one.
-    #
-    # This predicate method is used to determine when those
-    # two criteria have been met.
-    #
-    # The one known case this doesn't handle is:
-    #
-    #     Ripper.lex <<~EOM
-    #       a &&
-    #        b ||
-    #        c
-    #     EOM
-    #
-    # For some reason this introduces `on_ignore_newline` but with BEG type
-    def ignore_newline_not_beg?
-      @ignore_newline_not_beg
+    # Can this line be logically joined together
+    # with the following line? Determined by walking
+    # the AST
+    def consecutive?
+      @consecutive
     end
 
-    # Determines if the given line has a trailing slash
+    # Determines if the given line has a trailing slash.
+    # Simply check if the line contains a backslash after
+    # the content of the last token.
     #
     #     lines = CodeLine.from_source(<<~EOM)
     #       it "foo" \
     #     EOM
     #     expect(lines.first.trailing_slash?).to eq(true)
     #
-    if SyntaxSuggest.use_prism_parser?
-      def trailing_slash?
-        last = @lex.last
-        last&.type == :on_tstring_end
-      end
-    else
-      def trailing_slash?
-        last = @lex.last
-        return false unless last
-        return false unless last.type == :on_sp
-
-        last.token == TRAILING_SLASH
-      end
+    def trailing_slash?
+      return unless (last = @tokens.last)
+      @line.byteindex(TRAILING_SLASH, last.location.end_column) != nil
     end
 
-    # Endless method detection
-    #
-    # From https://github.com/ruby/irb/commit/826ae909c9c93a2ddca6f9cfcd9c94dbf53d44ab
-    # Detecting a "oneliner" seems to need a state machine.
-    # This can be done by looking mostly at the "state" (last value):
-    #
-    #   ENDFN -> BEG (token = '=' ) -> END
-    #
     private def set_kw_end
-      oneliner_count = 0
-      in_oneliner_def = nil
-
       kw_count = 0
       end_count = 0
 
-      @ignore_newline_not_beg = false
-      @lex.each do |lex|
-        kw_count += 1 if lex.is_kw?
-        end_count += 1 if lex.is_end?
-
-        if lex.type == :on_ignored_nl
-          @ignore_newline_not_beg = !lex.expr_beg?
-        end
-
-        if in_oneliner_def.nil?
-          in_oneliner_def = :ENDFN if lex.state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_ENDFN)
-        elsif lex.state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_ENDFN)
-          # Continue
-        elsif lex.state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_BEG)
-          in_oneliner_def = :BODY if lex.token == "="
-        elsif lex.state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_END)
-          # We found an endless method, count it
-          oneliner_count += 1 if in_oneliner_def == :BODY
-
-          in_oneliner_def = nil
-        else
-          in_oneliner_def = nil
-        end
+      @tokens.each do |token|
+        kw_count += 1 if token.is_kw?
+        end_count += 1 if token.is_end?
       end
 
-      kw_count -= oneliner_count
-
       @is_kw = (kw_count - end_count) > 0
       @is_end = (end_count - kw_count) > 0
     end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/core_ext.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/core_ext.rb
index 94f57ba605..ffbc922eed 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/core_ext.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/core_ext.rb
@@ -1,96 +1,47 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-# Ruby 3.2+ has a cleaner way to hook into Ruby that doesn't use `require`
-if SyntaxError.method_defined?(:detailed_message)
-  module SyntaxSuggest
-    # SyntaxSuggest.module_for_detailed_message [Private]
-    #
-    # Used to monkeypatch SyntaxError via Module.prepend
-    def self.module_for_detailed_message
-      Module.new {
-        def detailed_message(highlight: true, syntax_suggest: true, **kwargs)
-          return super unless syntax_suggest
-
-          require "syntax_suggest/api" unless defined?(SyntaxSuggest::DEFAULT_VALUE)
-
-          message = super
-
-          if path
-            file = Pathname.new(path)
-            io = SyntaxSuggest::MiniStringIO.new
-
-            SyntaxSuggest.call(
-              io: io,
-              source: file.read,
-              filename: file,
-              terminal: highlight
-            )
-            annotation = io.string
-
-            annotation += "\n" unless annotation.end_with?("\n")
-
-            annotation + message
-          else
-            message
-          end
-        rescue => e
-          if ENV["SYNTAX_SUGGEST_DEBUG"]
-            $stderr.warn(e.message)
-            $stderr.warn(e.backtrace)
-          end
-
-          # Ignore internal errors
+module SyntaxSuggest
+  # SyntaxSuggest.module_for_detailed_message [Private]
+  #
+  # Used to monkeypatch SyntaxError via Module.prepend
+  def self.module_for_detailed_message
+    Module.new {
+      def detailed_message(highlight: true, syntax_suggest: true, **kwargs)
+        return super unless syntax_suggest
+
+        require "syntax_suggest/api" unless defined?(SyntaxSuggest::DEFAULT_VALUE)
+
+        message = super
+
+        if path
+          file = Pathname.new(path)
+          io = SyntaxSuggest::MiniStringIO.new
+
+          SyntaxSuggest.call(
+            io: io,
+            source: file.read,
+            filename: file,
+            terminal: highlight
+          )
+          annotation = io.string
+
+          annotation += "\n" unless annotation.end_with?("\n")
+
+          annotation + message
+        else
           message
         end
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  SyntaxError.prepend(SyntaxSuggest.module_for_detailed_message)
-else
-  autoload :Pathname, "pathname"
-
-  #--
-  # Monkey patch kernel to ensure that all `require` calls call the same
-  # method
-  #++
-  module Kernel
-    # :stopdoc:
-
-    module_function
-
-    alias_method :syntax_suggest_original_require, :require
-    alias_method :syntax_suggest_original_require_relative, :require_relative
-    alias_method :syntax_suggest_original_load, :load
-
-    def load(file, wrap = false)
-      syntax_suggest_original_load(file)
-    rescue SyntaxError => e
-      require "syntax_suggest/api" unless defined?(SyntaxSuggest::DEFAULT_VALUE)
-
-      SyntaxSuggest.handle_error(e)
-    end
-
-    def require(file)
-      syntax_suggest_original_require(file)
-    rescue SyntaxError => e
-      require "syntax_suggest/api" unless defined?(SyntaxSuggest::DEFAULT_VALUE)
-
-      SyntaxSuggest.handle_error(e)
-    end
+      rescue => e
+        if ENV["SYNTAX_SUGGEST_DEBUG"]
+          $stderr.warn(e.message)
+          $stderr.warn(e.backtrace)
+        end
 
-    def require_relative(file)
-      if Pathname.new(file).absolute?
-        syntax_suggest_original_require file
-      else
-        relative_from = caller_locations(1..1).first
-        relative_from_path = relative_from.absolute_path || relative_from.path
-        syntax_suggest_original_require File.expand_path("../#{file}", relative_from_path)
+        # Ignore internal errors
+        message
       end
-    rescue SyntaxError => e
-      require "syntax_suggest/api" unless defined?(SyntaxSuggest::DEFAULT_VALUE)
-
-      SyntaxSuggest.handle_error(e)
-    end
+    }
   end
 end
+
+SyntaxError.prepend(SyntaxSuggest.module_for_detailed_message)
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/explain_syntax.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/explain_syntax.rb
index 0d80c4d869..d7f5262ddb 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/explain_syntax.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/explain_syntax.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative "left_right_lex_count"
-
-if !SyntaxSuggest.use_prism_parser?
-  require_relative "ripper_errors"
-end
+require_relative "left_right_token_count"
 
 module SyntaxSuggest
   class GetParseErrors
     def self.errors(source)
-      if SyntaxSuggest.use_prism_parser?
-        Prism.parse(source).errors.map(&:message)
-      else
-        RipperErrors.new(source).call.errors
-      end
+      Prism.parse(source).errors.map(&:message)
     end
   end
 
@@ -53,14 +45,14 @@ module SyntaxSuggest
 
     def initialize(code_lines:)
       @code_lines = code_lines
-      @left_right = LeftRightLexCount.new
+      @left_right = LeftRightTokenCount.new
       @missing = nil
     end
 
     def call
       @code_lines.each do |line|
-        line.lex.each do |lex|
-          @left_right.count_lex(lex)
+        line.tokens.each do |token|
+          @left_right.count_token(token)
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_lex_count.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_lex_count.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fcae7482b..0000000000
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_lex_count.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module SyntaxSuggest
-  # Find mis-matched syntax based on lexical count
-  #
-  # Used for detecting missing pairs of elements
-  # each keyword needs an end, each '{' needs a '}'
-  # etc.
-  #
-  # Example:
-  #
-  #   left_right = LeftRightLexCount.new
-  #   left_right.count_kw
-  #   left_right.missing.first
-  #   # => "end"
-  #
-  #   left_right = LeftRightLexCount.new
-  #   source = "{ a: b, c: d" # Note missing '}'
-  #   LexAll.new(source: source).each do |lex|
-  #     left_right.count_lex(lex)
-  #   end
-  #   left_right.missing.first
-  #   # => "}"
-  class LeftRightLexCount
-    def initialize
-      @kw_count = 0
-      @end_count = 0
-
-      @count_for_char = {
-        "{" => 0,
-        "}" => 0,
-        "[" => 0,
-        "]" => 0,
-        "(" => 0,
-        ")" => 0,
-        "|" => 0
-      }
-    end
-
-    def count_kw
-      @kw_count += 1
-    end
-
-    def count_end
-      @end_count += 1
-    end
-
-    # Count source code characters
-    #
-    # Example:
-    #
-    #   left_right = LeftRightLexCount.new
-    #   left_right.count_lex(LexValue.new(1, :on_lbrace, "{", Ripper::EXPR_BEG))
-    #   left_right.count_for_char("{")
-    #   # => 1
-    #   left_right.count_for_char("}")
-    #   # => 0
-    def count_lex(lex)
-      case lex.type
-      when :on_tstring_content
-        # ^^^
-        # Means it's a string or a symbol `"{"` rather than being
-        # part of a data structure (like a hash) `{ a: b }`
-        # ignore it.
-      when :on_words_beg, :on_symbos_beg, :on_qwords_beg,
-           :on_qsymbols_beg, :on_regexp_beg, :on_tstring_beg
-        # ^^^
-        # Handle shorthand syntaxes like `%Q{ i am a string }`
-        #
-        # The start token will be the full thing `%Q{` but we
-        # need to count it as if it's a `{`. Any token
-        # can be used
-        char = lex.token[-1]
-        @count_for_char[char] += 1 if @count_for_char.key?(char)
-      when :on_embexpr_beg
-        # ^^^
-        # Embedded string expressions like `"#{foo} <-embed"`
-        # are parsed with chars:
-        #
-        # `#{` as :on_embexpr_beg
-        #  `}` as :on_embexpr_end
-        #
-        # We cannot ignore both :on_emb_expr_beg and :on_embexpr_end
-        # because sometimes the lexer thinks something is an embed
-        # string end, when it is not like `lol = }` (no clue why).
-        #
-        # When we see `#{` count it as a `{` or we will
-        # have a mis-match count.
-        #
-        case lex.token
-        when "\#{"
-          @count_for_char["{"] += 1
-        end
-      else
-        @end_count += 1 if lex.is_end?
-        @kw_count += 1 if lex.is_kw?
-        @count_for_char[lex.token] += 1 if @count_for_char.key?(lex.token)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def count_for_char(char)
-      @count_for_char[char]
-    end
-
-    # Returns an array of missing syntax characters
-    # or `"end"` or `"keyword"`
-    #
-    #   left_right.missing
-    #   # => ["}"]
-    def missing
-      out = missing_pairs
-      out << missing_pipe
-      out << missing_keyword_end
-      out.compact!
-      out
-    end
-
-    PAIRS = {
-      "{" => "}",
-      "[" => "]",
-      "(" => ")"
-    }.freeze
-
-    # Opening characters like `{` need closing characters # like `}`.
-    #
-    # When a mis-match count is detected, suggest the
-    # missing member.
-    #
-    # For example if there are 3 `}` and only two `{`
-    # return `"{"`
-    private def missing_pairs
-      PAIRS.map do |(left, right)|
-        case @count_for_char[left] <=> @count_for_char[right]
-        when 1
-          right
-        when 0
-          nil
-        when -1
-          left
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Keywords need ends and ends need keywords
-    #
-    # If we have more keywords, there's a missing `end`
-    # if we have more `end`-s, there's a missing keyword
-    private def missing_keyword_end
-      case @kw_count <=> @end_count
-      when 1
-        "end"
-      when 0
-        nil
-      when -1
-        "keyword"
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Pipes come in pairs.
-    # If there's an odd number of pipes then we
-    # are missing one
-    private def missing_pipe
-      if @count_for_char["|"].odd?
-        "|"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_token_count.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_token_count.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0562ba9cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/left_right_token_count.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module SyntaxSuggest
+  # Find mis-matched syntax based on lexical count
+  #
+  # Used for detecting missing pairs of elements
+  # each keyword needs an end, each '{' needs a '}'
+  # etc.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   left_right = LeftRightTokenCount.new
+  #   left_right.count_kw
+  #   left_right.missing.first
+  #   # => "end"
+  #
+  #   left_right = LeftRightTokenCount.new
+  #   source = "{ a: b, c: d" # Note missing '}'
+  #   LexAll.new(source: source).each do |token|
+  #     left_right.count_token(token)
+  #   end
+  #   left_right.missing.first
+  #   # => "}"
+  class LeftRightTokenCount
+    def initialize
+      @kw_count = 0
+      @end_count = 0
+
+      @count_for_char = {
+        "{" => 0,
+        "}" => 0,
+        "[" => 0,
+        "]" => 0,
+        "(" => 0,
+        ")" => 0,
+        "|" => 0
+      }
+    end
+
+    def count_kw
+      @kw_count += 1
+    end
+
+    def count_end
+      @end_count += 1
+    end
+
+    # Count source code characters
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   token = CodeLine.from_source("{").first.tokens.first
+    #   left_right = LeftRightTokenCount.new
+    #   left_right.count_token(Token.new(token)
+    #   left_right.count_for_char("{")
+    #   # => 1
+    #   left_right.count_for_char("}")
+    #   # => 0
+    def count_token(token)
+      case token.type
+      when :STRING_CONTENT
+        # ^^^
+        # Means it's a string or a symbol `"{"` rather than being
+        # part of a data structure (like a hash) `{ a: b }`
+        # ignore it.
+      when :PERCENT_UPPER_W, :PERCENT_UPPER_I, :PERCENT_LOWER_W,
+           :PERCENT_LOWER_I, :REGEXP_BEGIN, :STRING_BEGIN
+        # ^^^
+        # Handle shorthand syntaxes like `%Q{ i am a string }`
+        #
+        # The start token will be the full thing `%Q{` but we
+        # need to count it as if it's a `{`. Any token
+        # can be used
+        char = token.value[-1]
+        @count_for_char[char] += 1 if @count_for_char.key?(char)
+      when :EMBEXPR_BEGIN
+        # ^^^
+        # Embedded string expressions like `"#{foo} <-embed"`
+        # are parsed with chars:
+        #
+        # `#{` as :EMBEXPR_BEGIN
+        #  `}` as :EMBEXPR_END
+        #
+        # When we see `#{` count it as a `{` or we will
+        # have a mis-match count.
+        #
+        @count_for_char["{"] += 1
+      else
+        @end_count += 1 if token.is_end?
+        @kw_count += 1 if token.is_kw?
+        @count_for_char[token.value] += 1 if @count_for_char.key?(token.value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def count_for_char(char)
+      @count_for_char[char]
+    end
+
+    # Returns an array of missing syntax characters
+    # or `"end"` or `"keyword"`
+    #
+    #   left_right.missing
+    #   # => ["}"]
+    def missing
+      out = missing_pairs
+      out << missing_pipe
+      out << missing_keyword_end
+      out.compact!
+      out
+    end
+
+    PAIRS = {
+      "{" => "}",
+      "[" => "]",
+      "(" => ")"
+    }.freeze
+
+    # Opening characters like `{` need closing characters # like `}`.
+    #
+    # When a mis-match count is detected, suggest the
+    # missing member.
+    #
+    # For example if there are 3 `}` and only two `{`
+    # return `"{"`
+    private def missing_pairs
+      PAIRS.map do |(left, right)|
+        case @count_for_char[left] <=> @count_for_char[right]
+        when 1
+          right
+        when 0
+          nil
+        when -1
+          left
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Keywords need ends and ends need keywords
+    #
+    # If we have more keywords, there's a missing `end`
+    # if we have more `end`-s, there's a missing keyword
+    private def missing_keyword_end
+      case @kw_count <=> @end_count
+      when 1
+        "end"
+      when 0
+        nil
+      when -1
+        "keyword"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Pipes come in pairs.
+    # If there's an odd number of pipes then we
+    # are missing one
+    private def missing_pipe
+      if @count_for_char["|"].odd?
+        "|"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_all.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_all.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c16fbb52d3..0000000000
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_all.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module SyntaxSuggest
-  # Ripper.lex is not guaranteed to lex the entire source document
-  #
-  # This class guarantees the whole document is lex-ed by iteratively
-  # lexing the document where ripper stopped.
-  #
-  # Prism likely doesn't have the same problem. Once ripper support is removed
-  # we can likely reduce the complexity here if not remove the whole concept.
-  #
-  # Example usage:
-  #
-  #   lex = LexAll.new(source: source)
-  #   lex.each do |value|
-  #     puts value.line
-  #   end
-  class LexAll
-    include Enumerable
-
-    def initialize(source:, source_lines: nil)
-      @lex = self.class.lex(source, 1)
-      lineno = @lex.last[0][0] + 1
-      source_lines ||= source.lines
-      last_lineno = source_lines.length
-
-      until lineno >= last_lineno
-        lines = source_lines[lineno..]
-
-        @lex.concat(
-          self.class.lex(lines.join, lineno + 1)
-        )
-
-        lineno = @lex.last[0].first + 1
-      end
-
-      last_lex = nil
-      @lex.map! { |elem|
-        last_lex = LexValue.new(elem[0].first, elem[1], elem[2], elem[3], last_lex)
-      }
-    end
-
-    if SyntaxSuggest.use_prism_parser?
-      def self.lex(source, line_number)
-        Prism.lex_compat(source, line: line_number).value.sort_by { |values| values[0] }
-      end
-    else
-      def self.lex(source, line_number)
-        Ripper::Lexer.new(source, "-", line_number).parse.sort_by(&:pos)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def to_a
-      @lex
-    end
-
-    def each
-      return @lex.each unless block_given?
-      @lex.each do |x|
-        yield x
-      end
-    end
-
-    def [](index)
-      @lex[index]
-    end
-
-    def last
-      @lex.last
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-require_relative "lex_value"
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_value.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_value.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b46a332772..0000000000
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/lex_value.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module SyntaxSuggest
-  # Value object for accessing lex values
-  #
-  # This lex:
-  #
-  #   [1, 0], :on_ident, "describe", CMDARG
-  #
-  # Would translate into:
-  #
-  #  lex.line # => 1
-  #  lex.type # => :on_indent
-  #  lex.token # => "describe"
-  class LexValue
-    attr_reader :line, :type, :token, :state
-
-    def initialize(line, type, token, state, last_lex = nil)
-      @line = line
-      @type = type
-      @token = token
-      @state = state
-
-      set_kw_end(last_lex)
-    end
-
-    private def set_kw_end(last_lex)
-      @is_end = false
-      @is_kw = false
-      return if type != :on_kw
-
-      return if last_lex && last_lex.fname? # https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/776759e300e4659bb7468e2b97c8c2d4359a2953
-
-      case token
-      when "if", "unless", "while", "until"
-        # Only count if/unless when it's not a "trailing" if/unless
-        # https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/06b44f819eb7b5ede1ff69cecb25682b56a1d60c/lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb#L374-L375
-        @is_kw = true unless expr_label?
-      when "def", "case", "for", "begin", "class", "module", "do"
-        @is_kw = true
-      when "end"
-        @is_end = true
-      end
-    end
-
-    def fname?
-      state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_FNAME)
-    end
-
-    def ignore_newline?
-      type == :on_ignored_nl
-    end
-
-    def is_end?
-      @is_end
-    end
-
-    def is_kw?
-      @is_kw
-    end
-
-    def expr_beg?
-      state.anybits?(Ripper::EXPR_BEG)
-    end
-
-    def expr_label?
-      state.allbits?(Ripper::EXPR_LABEL)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/ripper_errors.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/ripper_errors.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e2bc90948..0000000000
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/ripper_errors.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module SyntaxSuggest
-  # Capture parse errors from Ripper
-  #
-  # Prism returns the errors with their messages, but Ripper
-  # does not. To get them we must make a custom subclass.
-  #
-  # Example:
-  #
-  #   puts RipperErrors.new(" def foo").call.errors
-  #   # => ["syntax error, unexpected end-of-input, expecting ';' or '\\n'"]
-  class RipperErrors < Ripper
-    attr_reader :errors
-
-    # Comes from ripper, called
-    # on every parse error, msg
-    # is a string
-    def on_parse_error(msg)
-      @errors ||= []
-      @errors << msg
-    end
-
-    alias_method :on_alias_error, :on_parse_error
-    alias_method :on_assign_error, :on_parse_error
-    alias_method :on_class_name_error, :on_parse_error
-    alias_method :on_param_error, :on_parse_error
-    alias_method :compile_error, :on_parse_error
-
-    def call
-      @run_once ||= begin
-        @errors = []
-        parse
-        true
-      end
-      self
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/syntax_suggest.gemspec b/lib/syntax_suggest/syntax_suggest.gemspec
index 756a85bf63..44e458aaad 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/syntax_suggest.gemspec
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/syntax_suggest.gemspec
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.description = 'When you get an "unexpected end" in your syntax this gem helps you find it'
   spec.homepage = "https://github.com/ruby/syntax_suggest.git"
   spec.license = "MIT"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.0.0")
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 3.3.0")
 
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = "https://github.com/ruby/syntax_suggest.git"
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/token.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/token.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc52639b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/token.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module SyntaxSuggest
+  # Value object for accessing lex values
+  #
+  # This lex:
+  #
+  #   [IDENTIFIER(1,0)-(1,8)("describe"), 32]
+  #
+  # Would translate into:
+  #
+  #  lex.location # => (1,0)-(1,8)
+  #  lex.type # => :IDENTIFIER
+  #  lex.token # => "describe"
+  class Token
+    attr_reader :location, :type, :value
+
+    KW_TYPES = %i[
+      KEYWORD_IF KEYWORD_UNLESS KEYWORD_WHILE KEYWORD_UNTIL
+      KEYWORD_DEF KEYWORD_CASE KEYWORD_FOR KEYWORD_BEGIN KEYWORD_CLASS KEYWORD_MODULE KEYWORD_DO KEYWORD_DO_LOOP
+    ].to_set.freeze
+    private_constant :KW_TYPES
+
+    def initialize(prism_token, previous_prism_token, visitor)
+      @location = prism_token.location
+      @type = prism_token.type
+      @value = prism_token.value
+
+      # Prism lexes `:module` as SYMBOL_BEGIN, KEYWORD_MODULE
+      # https://github.com/ruby/prism/issues/3940
+      symbol_content = previous_prism_token&.type == :SYMBOL_BEGIN
+      @is_kw = KW_TYPES.include?(@type)
+      @is_kw = false if symbol_content || visitor.endless_def_keyword_offsets.include?(@location.start_offset)
+      @is_end = @type == :KEYWORD_END
+    end
+
+    def line
+      @location.start_line
+    end
+
+    def is_end?
+      @is_end
+    end
+
+    def is_kw?
+      @is_kw
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/version.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/version.rb
index 1aa908f4e5..9114a079f6 100644
--- a/lib/syntax_suggest/version.rb
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/version.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module SyntaxSuggest
-  VERSION = "2.0.2"
+  VERSION = "3.0.0"
 end
diff --git a/lib/syntax_suggest/visitor.rb b/lib/syntax_suggest/visitor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e25f7239c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/syntax_suggest/visitor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module SyntaxSuggest
+  # Walks the Prism AST to extract structural info that cannot be reliably determined from tokens
+  # alone.
+  #
+  # Such as the location of lines that must be logically joined so the search algorithm will
+  # treat them as one. Example:
+  #
+  #   source = <<~RUBY
+  #     User                        # 1
+  #       .where(name: "Earlopain") # 2
+  #       .first                    # 3
+  #   RUBY
+  #   ast, _tokens = Prism.parse_lex(source).value
+  #   visitor = Visitor.new
+  #   visitor.visit(ast)
+  #   visitor.consecutive_lines # => Set[2, 1]
+  #
+  # This output means that line 1 and line 2 need to be joined with their next line.
+  #
+  # And determining the location of "endless" method definitions. For example:
+  #
+  #   source = <<~RUBY
+  #     def cube(x)
+  #       x * x * x
+  #     end
+  #     def square(x) = x * x # 1
+  #   RUBY
+  #
+  #   ast, _tokens = Prism.parse_lex(source).value
+  #   visitor = Visitor.new
+  #   visitor.visit(ast)
+  #   visitor.endless_def_keyword_offsets # => Set[28]
+  class Visitor < Prism::Visitor
+    attr_reader :endless_def_keyword_offsets, :consecutive_lines
+
+    def initialize
+      @endless_def_keyword_offsets = Set.new
+      @consecutive_lines = Set.new
+    end
+
+    # Called by Prism::Visitor for every method-call node in the AST
+    # (e.g. `foo.bar`, `foo.bar.baz`).
+    def visit_call_node(node)
+      receiver_loc = node.receiver&.location
+      call_operator_loc = node.call_operator_loc
+      message_loc = node.message_loc
+      if receiver_loc && call_operator_loc && message_loc
+        # dot-leading (dot on the next line)
+        #   foo        # line 1 - consecutive
+        #     .bar     # line 2
+        if receiver_loc.end_line != call_operator_loc.start_line && call_operator_loc.start_line == message_loc.start_line
+          (receiver_loc.end_line..call_operator_loc.start_line - 1).each do |line|
+            @consecutive_lines << line
+          end
+        end
+
+        # dot-trailing (dot on the same line as the receiver)
+        #   foo.       # line 1 - consecutive
+        #     bar      # line 2
+        if receiver_loc.end_line == call_operator_loc.start_line && call_operator_loc.start_line != message_loc.start_line
+          (call_operator_loc.start_line..message_loc.start_line - 1).each do |line|
+            @consecutive_lines << line
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      super
+    end
+
+    # Called by Prism::Visitor for every `def` node in the AST.
+    # Records the keyword start location for endless method definitions
+    # like `def foo = 123`. These are valid without a matching `end`,
+    # so Token must exclude them when deciding if a line is a keyword.
+    def visit_def_node(node)
+      @endless_def_keyword_offsets << node.def_keyword_loc.start_offset if node.equal_loc
+      super
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/tempfile.rb b/lib/tempfile.rb
index f3213c5684..cd512bb1c5 100644
--- a/lib/tempfile.rb
+++ b/lib/tempfile.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ require 'tmpdir'
 #   require 'tempfile'
 #
 #   # Tempfile.create with a block
-#   # The filename are choosen automatically.
+#   # The filename are chosen automatically.
 #   # (You can specify the prefix and suffix of the filename by an optional argument.)
 #   Tempfile.create {|f|
 #     f.puts "foo"
@@ -550,8 +550,8 @@ end
 #
 # Implementation note:
 #
-# The keyword argument +anonymous=true+ is implemented using FILE_SHARE_DELETE on Windows.
-# O_TMPFILE is used on Linux.
+# The keyword argument <tt>anonymous=true</tt> is implemented using +FILE_SHARE_DELETE+ on Windows.
+# +O_TMPFILE+ is used on Linux.
 #
 # Related: Tempfile.new.
 #
@@ -564,6 +564,8 @@ def Tempfile.create(basename="", tmpdir=nil, mode: 0, anonymous: false, **option
 end
 
 class << Tempfile
+# :stopdoc:
+
 private def create_with_filename(basename="", tmpdir=nil, mode: 0, **options)
   tmpfile = nil
   Dir::Tmpname.create(basename, tmpdir, **options) do |tmpname, n, opts|
diff --git a/lib/time.gemspec b/lib/time.gemspec
index 4b9f9e1218..73650ab12e 100644
--- a/lib/time.gemspec
+++ b/lib/time.gemspec
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
   spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
+  spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = "https://github.com/ruby/time/releases"
 
   srcdir, gemspec = File.split(__FILE__)
   spec.files         = Dir.chdir(srcdir) do
diff --git a/lib/time.rb b/lib/time.rb
index a0fc7dfbf5..e6aab3fa5d 100644
--- a/lib/time.rb
+++ b/lib/time.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ require 'date'
 # #
 class Time
 
-  VERSION = "0.4.1"             # :nodoc:
+  VERSION = "0.4.2"             # :nodoc:
 
   class << Time
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Time
     #
     # You must require 'time' to use this method.
     #
-    def zone_offset(zone, year=self.now.year)
+    def zone_offset(zone, year=nil)
       off = nil
       zone = zone.upcase
       if /\A([+-])(\d\d)(:?)(\d\d)(?:\3(\d\d))?\z/ =~ zone
@@ -89,10 +89,13 @@ class Time
         off = zone.to_i * 3600
       elsif ZoneOffset.include?(zone)
         off = ZoneOffset[zone] * 3600
-      elsif ((t = self.local(year, 1, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
-        off = t.utc_offset
-      elsif ((t = self.local(year, 7, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
-        off = t.utc_offset
+      else
+        year ||= self.now.year
+        if ((t = self.local(year, 1, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
+          off = t.utc_offset
+        elsif ((t = self.local(year, 7, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
+          off = t.utc_offset
+        end
       end
       off
     end
diff --git a/lib/timeout.rb b/lib/timeout.rb
index 4fd1fa46da..91b04a9562 100644
--- a/lib/timeout.rb
+++ b/lib/timeout.rb
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 
 module Timeout
   # The version
-  VERSION = "0.4.3"
+  VERSION = "0.6.1"
 
-  # Internal error raised to when a timeout is triggered.
+  # Internal exception raised to when a timeout is triggered.
   class ExitException < Exception
     def exception(*) # :nodoc:
       self
@@ -44,12 +44,101 @@ module Timeout
   end
 
   # :stopdoc:
-  CONDVAR = ConditionVariable.new
-  QUEUE = Queue.new
-  QUEUE_MUTEX = Mutex.new
-  TIMEOUT_THREAD_MUTEX = Mutex.new
-  @timeout_thread = nil
-  private_constant :CONDVAR, :QUEUE, :QUEUE_MUTEX, :TIMEOUT_THREAD_MUTEX
+
+  # We keep a private reference so that time mocking libraries won't break Timeout.
+  GET_TIME = Process.method(:clock_gettime)
+  if defined?(Ractor.make_shareable)
+    # Ractor.make_shareable(Method) only works on Ruby 4+
+    Ractor.make_shareable(GET_TIME) rescue nil
+  end
+  private_constant :GET_TIME
+
+  class State
+    def initialize
+      @condvar = ConditionVariable.new
+      @queue = Queue.new
+      @queue_mutex = Mutex.new
+
+      @timeout_thread = nil
+      @timeout_thread_mutex = Mutex.new
+    end
+
+    if defined?(Ractor.store_if_absent) && defined?(Ractor.shareable?) && Ractor.shareable?(GET_TIME)
+      # Ractor support if
+      # 1. Ractor.store_if_absent is available
+      # 2. Method object can be shareable (4.0~)
+      def self.instance
+        Ractor.store_if_absent :timeout_gem_state do
+          State.new
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      GLOBAL_STATE = State.new
+
+      def self.instance
+        GLOBAL_STATE
+      end
+    end
+
+    def create_timeout_thread
+      # Threads unexpectedly inherit the interrupt mask: https://github.com/ruby/timeout/issues/41
+      # So reset the interrupt mask to the default one for the timeout thread
+      Thread.handle_interrupt(Object => :immediate) do
+        watcher = Thread.new do
+          requests = []
+          while true
+            until @queue.empty? and !requests.empty? # wait to have at least one request
+              req = @queue.pop
+              requests << req unless req.done?
+            end
+            closest_deadline = requests.min_by(&:deadline).deadline
+
+            now = 0.0
+            @queue_mutex.synchronize do
+              while (now = GET_TIME.call(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)) < closest_deadline and @queue.empty?
+                @condvar.wait(@queue_mutex, closest_deadline - now)
+              end
+            end
+
+            requests.each do |req|
+              req.interrupt if req.expired?(now)
+            end
+            requests.reject!(&:done?)
+          end
+        end
+
+        if !watcher.group.enclosed? && (!defined?(Ractor.main?) || Ractor.main?)
+          ThreadGroup::Default.add(watcher)
+        end
+
+        watcher.name = "Timeout stdlib thread"
+        watcher.thread_variable_set(:"\0__detached_thread__", true)
+        watcher
+      end
+    end
+
+    def ensure_timeout_thread_created
+      unless @timeout_thread&.alive?
+        # If the Mutex is already owned we are in a signal handler.
+        # In that case, just return and let the main thread create the Timeout thread.
+        return if @timeout_thread_mutex.owned?
+
+        Sync.synchronize @timeout_thread_mutex do
+          unless @timeout_thread&.alive?
+            @timeout_thread = create_timeout_thread
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def add_request(request)
+      Sync.synchronize @queue_mutex do
+        @queue << request
+        @condvar.signal
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :State
 
   class Request
     attr_reader :deadline
@@ -64,6 +153,7 @@ module Timeout
       @done = false # protected by @mutex
     end
 
+    # Only called by the timeout thread, so does not need Sync.synchronize
     def done?
       @mutex.synchronize do
         @done
@@ -74,6 +164,7 @@ module Timeout
       now >= @deadline
     end
 
+    # Only called by the timeout thread, so does not need Sync.synchronize
     def interrupt
       @mutex.synchronize do
         unless @done
@@ -84,61 +175,36 @@ module Timeout
     end
 
     def finished
-      @mutex.synchronize do
+      Sync.synchronize @mutex do
         @done = true
       end
     end
   end
   private_constant :Request
 
-  def self.create_timeout_thread
-    watcher = Thread.new do
-      requests = []
-      while true
-        until QUEUE.empty? and !requests.empty? # wait to have at least one request
-          req = QUEUE.pop
-          requests << req unless req.done?
-        end
-        closest_deadline = requests.min_by(&:deadline).deadline
-
-        now = 0.0
-        QUEUE_MUTEX.synchronize do
-          while (now = GET_TIME.call(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)) < closest_deadline and QUEUE.empty?
-            CONDVAR.wait(QUEUE_MUTEX, closest_deadline - now)
-          end
-        end
-
-        requests.each do |req|
-          req.interrupt if req.expired?(now)
-        end
-        requests.reject!(&:done?)
-      end
-    end
-    ThreadGroup::Default.add(watcher) unless watcher.group.enclosed?
-    watcher.name = "Timeout stdlib thread"
-    watcher.thread_variable_set(:"\0__detached_thread__", true)
-    watcher
-  end
-  private_class_method :create_timeout_thread
-
-  def self.ensure_timeout_thread_created
-    unless @timeout_thread and @timeout_thread.alive?
-      TIMEOUT_THREAD_MUTEX.synchronize do
-        unless @timeout_thread and @timeout_thread.alive?
-          @timeout_thread = create_timeout_thread
-        end
+  module Sync
+    # Calls mutex.synchronize(&block) but if that fails on CRuby due to being in a trap handler,
+    # run mutex.synchronize(&block) in a separate Thread instead.
+    def self.synchronize(mutex, &block)
+      begin
+        mutex.synchronize(&block)
+      rescue ThreadError => e
+        raise e unless e.message == "can't be called from trap context"
+        # Workaround CRuby issue https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19473
+        # which raises on Mutex#synchronize in trap handler.
+        # It's expensive to create a Thread just for this,
+        # but better than failing.
+        Thread.new {
+          mutex.synchronize(&block)
+        }.join
       end
     end
   end
-
-  # We keep a private reference so that time mocking libraries won't break
-  # Timeout.
-  GET_TIME = Process.method(:clock_gettime)
-  private_constant :GET_TIME
+  private_constant :Sync
 
   # :startdoc:
 
-  # Perform an operation in a block, raising an error if it takes longer than
+  # Perform an operation in a block, raising an exception if it takes longer than
   # +sec+ seconds to complete.
   #
   # +sec+:: Number of seconds to wait for the block to terminate. Any non-negative number
@@ -146,45 +212,91 @@ module Timeout
   #         value of 0 or +nil+ will execute the block without any timeout.
   #         Any negative number will raise an ArgumentError.
   # +klass+:: Exception Class to raise if the block fails to terminate
-  #           in +sec+ seconds.  Omitting will use the default, Timeout::Error
+  #           in +sec+ seconds.  Omitting will use the default, Timeout::Error.
   # +message+:: Error message to raise with Exception Class.
-  #             Omitting will use the default, "execution expired"
+  #             Omitting will use the default, <tt>"execution expired"</tt>.
   #
   # Returns the result of the block *if* the block completed before
-  # +sec+ seconds, otherwise throws an exception, based on the value of +klass+.
+  # +sec+ seconds, otherwise raises an exception, based on the value of +klass+.
+  #
+  # The exception raised to terminate the given block is the given +klass+, or
+  # Timeout::ExitException if +klass+ is not given. The reason for that behavior
+  # is that Timeout::Error inherits from RuntimeError and might be caught unexpectedly by +rescue+.
+  # Timeout::ExitException inherits from Exception so it will only be rescued by <tt>rescue Exception</tt>.
+  # Note that the Timeout::ExitException is translated to a Timeout::Error once it reaches the Timeout.timeout call,
+  # so outside that call it will be a Timeout::Error.
   #
-  # The exception thrown to terminate the given block cannot be rescued inside
-  # the block unless +klass+ is given explicitly. However, the block can use
-  # ensure to prevent the handling of the exception.  For that reason, this
-  # method cannot be relied on to enforce timeouts for untrusted blocks.
+  # In general, be aware that the code block may rescue the exception, and in such a case not respect the timeout.
+  # Also, the block can use +ensure+ to prevent the handling of the exception.
+  # For those reasons, this method cannot be relied on to enforce timeouts for untrusted blocks.
   #
   # If a scheduler is defined, it will be used to handle the timeout by invoking
-  # Scheduler#timeout_after.
+  # Fiber::Scheduler#timeout_after.
   #
   # Note that this is both a method of module Timeout, so you can <tt>include
   # Timeout</tt> into your classes so they have a #timeout method, as well as
   # a module method, so you can call it directly as Timeout.timeout().
-  def timeout(sec, klass = nil, message = nil, &block)   #:yield: +sec+
+  #
+  # ==== Ensuring the exception does not fire inside ensure blocks
+  #
+  # When using Timeout.timeout, it can be desirable to ensure the timeout exception does not fire inside an +ensure+ block.
+  # The simplest and best way to do so is to put the Timeout.timeout call inside the body of the +begin+/+ensure+/+end+:
+  #
+  #     begin
+  #       Timeout.timeout(sec) { some_long_operation }
+  #     ensure
+  #       cleanup # safe, cannot be interrupted by timeout
+  #     end
+  #
+  # If that is not feasible, e.g. if there are +ensure+ blocks inside +some_long_operation+,
+  # they need to not be interrupted by timeout, and it's not possible to move these ensure blocks outside,
+  # one can use Thread.handle_interrupt to delay the timeout exception like so:
+  #
+  #     Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :never) {
+  #       Timeout.timeout(sec, Timeout::Error) do
+  #         setup # timeout cannot happen here, no matter how long it takes
+  #         Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :immediate) {
+  #           some_long_operation # timeout can happen here
+  #         }
+  #       ensure
+  #         cleanup # timeout cannot happen here, no matter how long it takes
+  #       end
+  #     }
+  #
+  # An important thing to note is the need to pass an exception +klass+ to Timeout.timeout,
+  # otherwise it does not work. Specifically, using <tt>Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::ExitException => ...)</tt>
+  # is unsupported and causes subtle errors like raising the wrong exception outside the block, do not use that.
+  #
+  # Note that Thread.handle_interrupt is somewhat dangerous because if setup or cleanup hangs
+  # then the current thread will hang too and the timeout will never fire.
+  # Also note the block might run for longer than +sec+ seconds:
+  # e.g. +some_long_operation+ executes for +sec+ seconds + whatever time cleanup takes.
+  #
+  # If you want the timeout to only happen on blocking operations, one can use +:on_blocking+
+  # instead of +:immediate+. However, that means if the block uses no blocking operations after +sec+ seconds,
+  # the block will not be interrupted.
+  def self.timeout(sec, klass = nil, message = nil, &block)   #:yield: +sec+
     return yield(sec) if sec == nil or sec.zero?
     raise ArgumentError, "Timeout sec must be a non-negative number" if 0 > sec
 
     message ||= "execution expired"
 
     if Fiber.respond_to?(:current_scheduler) && (scheduler = Fiber.current_scheduler)&.respond_to?(:timeout_after)
-      return scheduler.timeout_after(sec, klass || Error, message, &block)
-    end
-
-    Timeout.ensure_timeout_thread_created
-    perform = Proc.new do |exc|
-      request = Request.new(Thread.current, sec, exc, message)
-      QUEUE_MUTEX.synchronize do
-        QUEUE << request
-        CONDVAR.signal
+      perform = Proc.new do |exc|
+        scheduler.timeout_after(sec, exc, message, &block)
       end
-      begin
-        return yield(sec)
-      ensure
-        request.finished
+    else
+      state = State.instance
+      state.ensure_timeout_thread_created
+
+      perform = Proc.new do |exc|
+        request = Request.new(Thread.current, sec, exc, message)
+        state.add_request(request)
+        begin
+          return yield(sec)
+        ensure
+          request.finished
+        end
       end
     end
 
@@ -194,5 +306,9 @@ module Timeout
       Error.handle_timeout(message, &perform)
     end
   end
-  module_function :timeout
+
+  # See Timeout.timeout
+  private def timeout(*args, &block)
+    Timeout.timeout(*args, &block)
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/tsort.gemspec b/lib/tsort.gemspec
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e2f110a53..0000000000
--- a/lib/tsort.gemspec
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-name = File.basename(__FILE__, ".gemspec")
-version = ["lib", Array.new(name.count("-")+1).join("/")].find do |dir|
-  break File.foreach(File.join(__dir__, dir, "#{name.tr('-', '/')}.rb")) do |line|
-    /^\s*VERSION\s*=\s*"(.*)"/ =~ line and break $1
-  end rescue nil
-end
-
-Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.name          = name
-  spec.version       = version
-  spec.authors       = ["Tanaka Akira"]
-  spec.email         = ["akr@fsij.org"]
-
-  spec.summary       = %q{Topological sorting using Tarjan's algorithm}
-  spec.description   = %q{Topological sorting using Tarjan's algorithm}
-  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/ruby/tsort"
-  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.3.0")
-  spec.licenses      = ["Ruby", "BSD-2-Clause"]
-
-  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
-  spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
-
-  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
-    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
-  end
-  spec.bindir        = "exe"
-  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
-  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
-end
diff --git a/lib/tsort.rb b/lib/tsort.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index dbaed45415..0000000000
--- a/lib/tsort.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,455 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-#--
-# tsort.rb - provides a module for topological sorting and strongly connected components.
-#++
-#
-
-#
-# TSort implements topological sorting using Tarjan's algorithm for
-# strongly connected components.
-#
-# TSort is designed to be able to be used with any object which can be
-# interpreted as a directed graph.
-#
-# TSort requires two methods to interpret an object as a graph,
-# tsort_each_node and tsort_each_child.
-#
-# * tsort_each_node is used to iterate for all nodes over a graph.
-# * tsort_each_child is used to iterate for child nodes of a given node.
-#
-# The equality of nodes are defined by eql? and hash since
-# TSort uses Hash internally.
-#
-# == A Simple Example
-#
-# The following example demonstrates how to mix the TSort module into an
-# existing class (in this case, Hash). Here, we're treating each key in
-# the hash as a node in the graph, and so we simply alias the required
-# #tsort_each_node method to Hash's #each_key method. For each key in the
-# hash, the associated value is an array of the node's child nodes. This
-# choice in turn leads to our implementation of the required #tsort_each_child
-# method, which fetches the array of child nodes and then iterates over that
-# array using the user-supplied block.
-#
-#   require 'tsort'
-#
-#   class Hash
-#     include TSort
-#     alias tsort_each_node each_key
-#     def tsort_each_child(node, &block)
-#       fetch(node).each(&block)
-#     end
-#   end
-#
-#   {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[3], 3=>[], 4=>[]}.tsort
-#   #=> [3, 2, 1, 4]
-#
-#   {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}.strongly_connected_components
-#   #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
-#
-# == A More Realistic Example
-#
-# A very simple `make' like tool can be implemented as follows:
-#
-#   require 'tsort'
-#
-#   class Make
-#     def initialize
-#       @dep = {}
-#       @dep.default = []
-#     end
-#
-#     def rule(outputs, inputs=[], &block)
-#       triple = [outputs, inputs, block]
-#       outputs.each {|f| @dep[f] = [triple]}
-#       @dep[triple] = inputs
-#     end
-#
-#     def build(target)
-#       each_strongly_connected_component_from(target) {|ns|
-#         if ns.length != 1
-#           fs = ns.delete_if {|n| Array === n}
-#           raise TSort::Cyclic.new("cyclic dependencies: #{fs.join ', '}")
-#         end
-#         n = ns.first
-#         if Array === n
-#           outputs, inputs, block = n
-#           inputs_time = inputs.map {|f| File.mtime f}.max
-#           begin
-#             outputs_time = outputs.map {|f| File.mtime f}.min
-#           rescue Errno::ENOENT
-#             outputs_time = nil
-#           end
-#           if outputs_time == nil ||
-#              inputs_time != nil && outputs_time <= inputs_time
-#             sleep 1 if inputs_time != nil && inputs_time.to_i == Time.now.to_i
-#             block.call
-#           end
-#         end
-#       }
-#     end
-#
-#     def tsort_each_child(node, &block)
-#       @dep[node].each(&block)
-#     end
-#     include TSort
-#   end
-#
-#   def command(arg)
-#     print arg, "\n"
-#     system arg
-#   end
-#
-#   m = Make.new
-#   m.rule(%w[t1]) { command 'date > t1' }
-#   m.rule(%w[t2]) { command 'date > t2' }
-#   m.rule(%w[t3]) { command 'date > t3' }
-#   m.rule(%w[t4], %w[t1 t3]) { command 'cat t1 t3 > t4' }
-#   m.rule(%w[t5], %w[t4 t2]) { command 'cat t4 t2 > t5' }
-#   m.build('t5')
-#
-# == Bugs
-#
-# * 'tsort.rb' is wrong name because this library uses
-#   Tarjan's algorithm for strongly connected components.
-#   Although 'strongly_connected_components.rb' is correct but too long.
-#
-# == References
-#
-# R. E. Tarjan, "Depth First Search and Linear Graph Algorithms",
-# <em>SIAM Journal on Computing</em>, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 146-160, June 1972.
-#
-
-module TSort
-
-  VERSION = "0.2.0"
-
-  class Cyclic < StandardError
-  end
-
-  # Returns a topologically sorted array of nodes.
-  # The array is sorted from children to parents, i.e.
-  # the first element has no child and the last node has no parent.
-  #
-  # If there is a cycle, TSort::Cyclic is raised.
-  #
-  #   class G
-  #     include TSort
-  #     def initialize(g)
-  #       @g = g
-  #     end
-  #     def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end
-  #     def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]})
-  #   p graph.tsort #=> [4, 2, 3, 1]
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]})
-  #   p graph.tsort # raises TSort::Cyclic
-  #
-  def tsort
-    each_node = method(:tsort_each_node)
-    each_child = method(:tsort_each_child)
-    TSort.tsort(each_node, each_child)
-  end
-
-  # Returns a topologically sorted array of nodes.
-  # The array is sorted from children to parents, i.e.
-  # the first element has no child and the last node has no parent.
-  #
-  # The graph is represented by _each_node_ and _each_child_.
-  # _each_node_ should have +call+ method which yields for each node in the graph.
-  # _each_child_ should have +call+ method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
-  #
-  # If there is a cycle, TSort::Cyclic is raised.
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   p TSort.tsort(each_node, each_child) #=> [4, 2, 3, 1]
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   p TSort.tsort(each_node, each_child) # raises TSort::Cyclic
-  #
-  def self.tsort(each_node, each_child)
-    tsort_each(each_node, each_child).to_a
-  end
-
-  # The iterator version of the #tsort method.
-  # <tt><em>obj</em>.tsort_each</tt> is similar to <tt><em>obj</em>.tsort.each</tt>, but
-  # modification of _obj_ during the iteration may lead to unexpected results.
-  #
-  # #tsort_each returns +nil+.
-  # If there is a cycle, TSort::Cyclic is raised.
-  #
-  #   class G
-  #     include TSort
-  #     def initialize(g)
-  #       @g = g
-  #     end
-  #     def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end
-  #     def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]})
-  #   graph.tsort_each {|n| p n }
-  #   #=> 4
-  #   #   2
-  #   #   3
-  #   #   1
-  #
-  def tsort_each(&block) # :yields: node
-    each_node = method(:tsort_each_node)
-    each_child = method(:tsort_each_child)
-    TSort.tsort_each(each_node, each_child, &block)
-  end
-
-  # The iterator version of the TSort.tsort method.
-  #
-  # The graph is represented by _each_node_ and _each_child_.
-  # _each_node_ should have +call+ method which yields for each node in the graph.
-  # _each_child_ should have +call+ method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   TSort.tsort_each(each_node, each_child) {|n| p n }
-  #   #=> 4
-  #   #   2
-  #   #   3
-  #   #   1
-  #
-  def self.tsort_each(each_node, each_child) # :yields: node
-    return to_enum(__method__, each_node, each_child) unless block_given?
-
-    each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child) {|component|
-      if component.size == 1
-        yield component.first
-      else
-        raise Cyclic.new("topological sort failed: #{component.inspect}")
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  # Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes.
-  # The array is sorted from children to parents.
-  # Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
-  #
-  #   class G
-  #     include TSort
-  #     def initialize(g)
-  #       @g = g
-  #     end
-  #     def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end
-  #     def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]})
-  #   p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]]
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]})
-  #   p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
-  #
-  def strongly_connected_components
-    each_node = method(:tsort_each_node)
-    each_child = method(:tsort_each_child)
-    TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child)
-  end
-
-  # Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes.
-  # The array is sorted from children to parents.
-  # Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
-  #
-  # The graph is represented by _each_node_ and _each_child_.
-  # _each_node_ should have +call+ method which yields for each node in the graph.
-  # _each_child_ should have +call+ method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child)
-  #   #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]]
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child)
-  #   #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
-  #
-  def self.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child)
-    each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child).to_a
-  end
-
-  # The iterator version of the #strongly_connected_components method.
-  # <tt><em>obj</em>.each_strongly_connected_component</tt> is similar to
-  # <tt><em>obj</em>.strongly_connected_components.each</tt>, but
-  # modification of _obj_ during the iteration may lead to unexpected results.
-  #
-  # #each_strongly_connected_component returns +nil+.
-  #
-  #   class G
-  #     include TSort
-  #     def initialize(g)
-  #       @g = g
-  #     end
-  #     def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end
-  #     def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]})
-  #   graph.each_strongly_connected_component {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2]
-  #   #   [3]
-  #   #   [1]
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]})
-  #   graph.each_strongly_connected_component {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2, 3]
-  #   #   [1]
-  #
-  def each_strongly_connected_component(&block) # :yields: nodes
-    each_node = method(:tsort_each_node)
-    each_child = method(:tsort_each_child)
-    TSort.each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child, &block)
-  end
-
-  # The iterator version of the TSort.strongly_connected_components method.
-  #
-  # The graph is represented by _each_node_ and _each_child_.
-  # _each_node_ should have +call+ method which yields for each node in the graph.
-  # _each_child_ should have +call+ method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   TSort.each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child) {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2]
-  #   #   [3]
-  #   #   [1]
-  #
-  #   g = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) }
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) }
-  #   TSort.each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child) {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2, 3]
-  #   #   [1]
-  #
-  def self.each_strongly_connected_component(each_node, each_child) # :yields: nodes
-    return to_enum(__method__, each_node, each_child) unless block_given?
-
-    id_map = {}
-    stack = []
-    each_node.call {|node|
-      unless id_map.include? node
-        each_strongly_connected_component_from(node, each_child, id_map, stack) {|c|
-          yield c
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # Iterates over strongly connected component in the subgraph reachable from
-  # _node_.
-  #
-  # Return value is unspecified.
-  #
-  # #each_strongly_connected_component_from doesn't call #tsort_each_node.
-  #
-  #   class G
-  #     include TSort
-  #     def initialize(g)
-  #       @g = g
-  #     end
-  #     def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end
-  #     def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]})
-  #   graph.each_strongly_connected_component_from(2) {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2]
-  #
-  #   graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]})
-  #   graph.each_strongly_connected_component_from(2) {|scc| p scc }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2, 3]
-  #
-  def each_strongly_connected_component_from(node, id_map={}, stack=[], &block) # :yields: nodes
-    TSort.each_strongly_connected_component_from(node, method(:tsort_each_child), id_map, stack, &block)
-  end
-
-  # Iterates over strongly connected components in a graph.
-  # The graph is represented by _node_ and _each_child_.
-  #
-  # _node_ is the first node.
-  # _each_child_ should have +call+ method which takes a node argument
-  # and yields for each child node.
-  #
-  # Return value is unspecified.
-  #
-  # #TSort.each_strongly_connected_component_from is a class method and
-  # it doesn't need a class to represent a graph which includes TSort.
-  #
-  #   graph = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}
-  #   each_child = lambda {|n, &b| graph[n].each(&b) }
-  #   TSort.each_strongly_connected_component_from(1, each_child) {|scc|
-  #     p scc
-  #   }
-  #   #=> [4]
-  #   #   [2, 3]
-  #   #   [1]
-  #
-  def self.each_strongly_connected_component_from(node, each_child, id_map={}, stack=[]) # :yields: nodes
-    return to_enum(__method__, node, each_child, id_map, stack) unless block_given?
-
-    minimum_id = node_id = id_map[node] = id_map.size
-    stack_length = stack.length
-    stack << node
-
-    each_child.call(node) {|child|
-      if id_map.include? child
-        child_id = id_map[child]
-        minimum_id = child_id if child_id && child_id < minimum_id
-      else
-        sub_minimum_id =
-          each_strongly_connected_component_from(child, each_child, id_map, stack) {|c|
-            yield c
-          }
-        minimum_id = sub_minimum_id if sub_minimum_id < minimum_id
-      end
-    }
-
-    if node_id == minimum_id
-      component = stack.slice!(stack_length .. -1)
-      component.each {|n| id_map[n] = nil}
-      yield component
-    end
-
-    minimum_id
-  end
-
-  # Should be implemented by a extended class.
-  #
-  # #tsort_each_node is used to iterate for all nodes over a graph.
-  #
-  def tsort_each_node # :yields: node
-    raise NotImplementedError.new
-  end
-
-  # Should be implemented by a extended class.
-  #
-  # #tsort_each_child is used to iterate for child nodes of _node_.
-  #
-  def tsort_each_child(node) # :yields: child
-    raise NotImplementedError.new
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb b/lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb
index 1caf2cc8c8..0447df8de7 100644
--- a/lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb
+++ b/lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb
@@ -82,16 +82,22 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
 
   ## Canonical Ordering
   def self.canonical_ordering_one(string)
-    sorting = string.each_char.collect { |c| [c, CLASS_TABLE[c]] }
-    (sorting.length-2).downto(0) do |i| # almost, but not exactly bubble sort
-      (0..i).each do |j|
-        later_class = sorting[j+1].last
-        if 0<later_class and later_class<sorting[j].last
-          sorting[j], sorting[j+1] = sorting[j+1], sorting[j]
-        end
+    result = ''
+    unordered = []
+    chars = string.chars
+    n = chars.size
+    chars.each_with_index do |char, i|
+      ccc = CLASS_TABLE[char]
+      if ccc == 0
+        unordered.sort!.each { result << chars[it % n] }
+        unordered.clear
+        result << char
+      else
+        unordered << ccc * n + i
       end
     end
-    return sorting.collect(&:first).join('')
+    unordered.sort!.each { result << chars[it % n] }
+    result
   end
 
   ## Normalization Forms for Patterns (not whole Strings)
@@ -105,16 +111,22 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     start = nfd_string[0]
     last_class = CLASS_TABLE[start]-1
     accents = ''
+    result = ''
     nfd_string[1..-1].each_char do |accent|
       accent_class = CLASS_TABLE[accent]
       if last_class<accent_class and composite = COMPOSITION_TABLE[start+accent]
         start = composite
+      elsif accent_class == 0
+        result << start << accents
+        start = accent
+        accents = ''
+        last_class = -1
       else
         accents << accent
         last_class = accent_class
       end
     end
-    hangul_comp_one(start+accents)
+    hangul_comp_one(result+start+accents)
   end
 
   def self.normalize(string, form = :nfc)
diff --git a/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb b/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb
index 7448fad13f..dd5d3499b8 100644
--- a/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb
+++ b/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # coding: us-ascii
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+Encoding::UNICODE_VERSION == "17.0.0" or
+  raise "Unicode version mismatch: 17.0.0 expected but #{Encoding::UNICODE_VERSION}"
+
 # automatically generated by template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl
 
 module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u0825-\u0827" \
     "\u0829-\u082D" \
     "\u0859-\u085B" \
-    "\u0898-\u089F" \
+    "\u0897-\u089F" \
     "\u08CA-\u08E1" \
     "\u08E3-\u08FF" \
     "\u093C" \
@@ -96,7 +99,8 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u1A75-\u1A7C" \
     "\u1A7F" \
     "\u1AB0-\u1ABD" \
-    "\u1ABF-\u1ACE" \
+    "\u1ABF-\u1ADD" \
+    "\u1AE0-\u1AEB" \
     "\u1B34\u1B35" \
     "\u1B44" \
     "\u1B6B-\u1B73" \
@@ -149,7 +153,9 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{10A3F}" \
     "\u{10AE5}\u{10AE6}" \
     "\u{10D24}-\u{10D27}" \
+    "\u{10D69}-\u{10D6D}" \
     "\u{10EAB}\u{10EAC}" \
+    "\u{10EFA}\u{10EFB}" \
     "\u{10EFD}-\u{10EFF}" \
     "\u{10F46}-\u{10F50}" \
     "\u{10F82}-\u{10F85}" \
@@ -171,6 +177,12 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11357}" \
     "\u{11366}-\u{1136C}" \
     "\u{11370}-\u{11374}" \
+    "\u{113B8}" \
+    "\u{113BB}" \
+    "\u{113C2}" \
+    "\u{113C5}" \
+    "\u{113C7}-\u{113C9}" \
+    "\u{113CE}-\u{113D0}" \
     "\u{11442}" \
     "\u{11446}" \
     "\u{1145E}" \
@@ -196,8 +208,11 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11D44}\u{11D45}" \
     "\u{11D97}" \
     "\u{11F41}\u{11F42}" \
+    "\u{1611E}-\u{16129}" \
+    "\u{1612F}" \
     "\u{16AF0}-\u{16AF4}" \
     "\u{16B30}-\u{16B36}" \
+    "\u{16D67}\u{16D68}" \
     "\u{16FF0}\u{16FF1}" \
     "\u{1BC9E}" \
     "\u{1D165}-\u{1D169}" \
@@ -216,6 +231,11 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{1E2AE}" \
     "\u{1E2EC}-\u{1E2EF}" \
     "\u{1E4EC}-\u{1E4EF}" \
+    "\u{1E5EE}\u{1E5EF}" \
+    "\u{1E6E3}" \
+    "\u{1E6E6}" \
+    "\u{1E6EE}\u{1E6EF}" \
+    "\u{1E6F5}" \
     "\u{1E8D0}-\u{1E8D6}" \
     "\u{1E944}-\u{1E94A}" \
     "]"
@@ -441,15 +461,25 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\uFB40\uFB41" \
     "\uFB43\uFB44" \
     "\uFB46-\uFB4E" \
+    "\u{105C9}" \
+    "\u{105E4}" \
     "\u{1109A}" \
     "\u{1109C}" \
     "\u{110AB}" \
     "\u{1112E}\u{1112F}" \
     "\u{1134B}\u{1134C}" \
+    "\u{11383}" \
+    "\u{11385}" \
+    "\u{1138E}" \
+    "\u{11391}" \
+    "\u{113C5}" \
+    "\u{113C7}\u{113C8}" \
     "\u{114BB}\u{114BC}" \
     "\u{114BE}" \
     "\u{115BA}\u{115BB}" \
     "\u{11938}" \
+    "\u{16121}-\u{16128}" \
+    "\u{16D68}-\u{16D6A}" \
     "\u{1D15E}-\u{1D164}" \
     "\u{1D1BB}-\u{1D1C0}" \
     "\u{2F800}-\u{2FA1D}" \
@@ -613,14 +643,25 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u30DB" \
     "\u30EF-\u30F2" \
     "\u30FD" \
+    "\u{105D2}" \
+    "\u{105DA}" \
     "\u{11099}" \
     "\u{1109B}" \
     "\u{110A5}" \
     "\u{11131}\u{11132}" \
     "\u{11347}" \
+    "\u{11382}" \
+    "\u{11384}" \
+    "\u{1138B}" \
+    "\u{11390}" \
+    "\u{113C2}" \
     "\u{114B9}" \
     "\u{115B8}\u{115B9}" \
     "\u{11935}" \
+    "\u{1611E}" \
+    "\u{16129}" \
+    "\u{16D63}" \
+    "\u{16D67}" \
     "]?#{accents}+" \
     "|#{''  # precomposed Hangul syllables
     }" \
@@ -891,6 +932,10 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u30F4" \
     "\u30F7-\u30FA" \
     "\u30FD\u30FE" \
+    "\u{105C9}" \
+    "\u{105D2}" \
+    "\u{105DA}" \
+    "\u{105E4}" \
     "\u{11099}-\u{1109C}" \
     "\u{110A5}" \
     "\u{110AB}" \
@@ -898,12 +943,23 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11131}\u{11132}" \
     "\u{11347}" \
     "\u{1134B}\u{1134C}" \
+    "\u{11382}-\u{11385}" \
+    "\u{1138B}" \
+    "\u{1138E}" \
+    "\u{11390}\u{11391}" \
+    "\u{113C2}" \
+    "\u{113C5}" \
+    "\u{113C7}\u{113C8}" \
     "\u{114B9}" \
     "\u{114BB}\u{114BC}" \
     "\u{114BE}" \
     "\u{115B8}-\u{115BB}" \
     "\u{11935}" \
     "\u{11938}" \
+    "\u{1611E}" \
+    "\u{16121}-\u{16129}" \
+    "\u{16D63}" \
+    "\u{16D67}-\u{16D6A}" \
     "]?#{accents}+" \
     "|#{''  # Hangul syllables with separate trailer
     }" \
@@ -1410,7 +1466,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u3280-\u33FF" \
     "\uA69C\uA69D" \
     "\uA770" \
-    "\uA7F2-\uA7F4" \
+    "\uA7F1-\uA7F4" \
     "\uA7F8\uA7F9" \
     "\uAB5C-\uAB5F" \
     "\uAB69" \
@@ -1440,6 +1496,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{10781}-\u{10785}" \
     "\u{10787}-\u{107B0}" \
     "\u{107B2}-\u{107BA}" \
+    "\u{1CCD6}-\u{1CCF9}" \
     "\u{1D400}-\u{1D454}" \
     "\u{1D456}-\u{1D49C}" \
     "\u{1D49E}\u{1D49F}" \
@@ -1789,6 +1846,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u0859"=>220,
     "\u085A"=>220,
     "\u085B"=>220,
+    "\u0897"=>230,
     "\u0898"=>230,
     "\u0899"=>220,
     "\u089A"=>220,
@@ -1967,6 +2025,33 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u1ACC"=>230,
     "\u1ACD"=>230,
     "\u1ACE"=>230,
+    "\u1ACF"=>230,
+    "\u1AD0"=>230,
+    "\u1AD1"=>230,
+    "\u1AD2"=>230,
+    "\u1AD3"=>230,
+    "\u1AD4"=>230,
+    "\u1AD5"=>230,
+    "\u1AD6"=>230,
+    "\u1AD7"=>230,
+    "\u1AD8"=>230,
+    "\u1AD9"=>230,
+    "\u1ADA"=>230,
+    "\u1ADB"=>230,
+    "\u1ADC"=>230,
+    "\u1ADD"=>220,
+    "\u1AE0"=>230,
+    "\u1AE1"=>230,
+    "\u1AE2"=>230,
+    "\u1AE3"=>230,
+    "\u1AE4"=>230,
+    "\u1AE5"=>230,
+    "\u1AE6"=>220,
+    "\u1AE7"=>230,
+    "\u1AE8"=>230,
+    "\u1AE9"=>230,
+    "\u1AEA"=>230,
+    "\u1AEB"=>234,
     "\u1B34"=>7,
     "\u1B44"=>9,
     "\u1B6B"=>230,
@@ -2234,8 +2319,15 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{10D25}"=>230,
     "\u{10D26}"=>230,
     "\u{10D27}"=>230,
+    "\u{10D69}"=>230,
+    "\u{10D6A}"=>230,
+    "\u{10D6B}"=>230,
+    "\u{10D6C}"=>230,
+    "\u{10D6D}"=>230,
     "\u{10EAB}"=>230,
     "\u{10EAC}"=>230,
+    "\u{10EFA}"=>220,
+    "\u{10EFB}"=>220,
     "\u{10EFD}"=>220,
     "\u{10EFE}"=>220,
     "\u{10EFF}"=>220,
@@ -2286,6 +2378,9 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11372}"=>230,
     "\u{11373}"=>230,
     "\u{11374}"=>230,
+    "\u{113CE}"=>9,
+    "\u{113CF}"=>9,
+    "\u{113D0}"=>9,
     "\u{11442}"=>9,
     "\u{11446}"=>7,
     "\u{1145E}"=>230,
@@ -2313,6 +2408,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11D97}"=>9,
     "\u{11F41}"=>9,
     "\u{11F42}"=>9,
+    "\u{1612F}"=>9,
     "\u{16AF0}"=>1,
     "\u{16AF1}"=>1,
     "\u{16AF2}"=>1,
@@ -2416,6 +2512,13 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{1E4ED}"=>232,
     "\u{1E4EE}"=>220,
     "\u{1E4EF}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E5EE}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E5EF}"=>220,
+    "\u{1E6E3}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E6E6}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E6EE}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E6EF}"=>230,
+    "\u{1E6F5}"=>230,
     "\u{1E8D0}"=>220,
     "\u{1E8D1}"=>220,
     "\u{1E8D2}"=>220,
@@ -3928,6 +4031,8 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\uFB4C"=>"\u05D1\u05BF",
     "\uFB4D"=>"\u05DB\u05BF",
     "\uFB4E"=>"\u05E4\u05BF",
+    "\u{105C9}"=>"\u{105D2}\u0307",
+    "\u{105E4}"=>"\u{105DA}\u0307",
     "\u{1109A}"=>"\u{11099}\u{110BA}",
     "\u{1109C}"=>"\u{1109B}\u{110BA}",
     "\u{110AB}"=>"\u{110A5}\u{110BA}",
@@ -3935,12 +4040,30 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{1112F}"=>"\u{11132}\u{11127}",
     "\u{1134B}"=>"\u{11347}\u{1133E}",
     "\u{1134C}"=>"\u{11347}\u{11357}",
+    "\u{11383}"=>"\u{11382}\u{113C9}",
+    "\u{11385}"=>"\u{11384}\u{113BB}",
+    "\u{1138E}"=>"\u{1138B}\u{113C2}",
+    "\u{11391}"=>"\u{11390}\u{113C9}",
+    "\u{113C5}"=>"\u{113C2}\u{113C2}",
+    "\u{113C7}"=>"\u{113C2}\u{113B8}",
+    "\u{113C8}"=>"\u{113C2}\u{113C9}",
     "\u{114BB}"=>"\u{114B9}\u{114BA}",
     "\u{114BC}"=>"\u{114B9}\u{114B0}",
     "\u{114BE}"=>"\u{114B9}\u{114BD}",
     "\u{115BA}"=>"\u{115B8}\u{115AF}",
     "\u{115BB}"=>"\u{115B9}\u{115AF}",
     "\u{11938}"=>"\u{11935}\u{11930}",
+    "\u{16121}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{1611E}",
+    "\u{16122}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{16129}",
+    "\u{16123}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{1611F}",
+    "\u{16124}"=>"\u{16129}\u{1611F}",
+    "\u{16125}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{16120}",
+    "\u{16126}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{1611E}\u{1611F}",
+    "\u{16127}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{16129}\u{1611F}",
+    "\u{16128}"=>"\u{1611E}\u{1611E}\u{16120}",
+    "\u{16D68}"=>"\u{16D67}\u{16D67}",
+    "\u{16D69}"=>"\u{16D63}\u{16D67}",
+    "\u{16D6A}"=>"\u{16D63}\u{16D67}\u{16D67}",
     "\u{1D15E}"=>"\u{1D157}\u{1D165}",
     "\u{1D15F}"=>"\u{1D158}\u{1D165}",
     "\u{1D160}"=>"\u{1D158}\u{1D165}\u{1D16E}",
@@ -5839,6 +5962,7 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\uA69C"=>"\u044A",
     "\uA69D"=>"\u044C",
     "\uA770"=>"\uA76F",
+    "\uA7F1"=>"S",
     "\uA7F2"=>"C",
     "\uA7F3"=>"F",
     "\uA7F4"=>"Q",
@@ -6950,6 +7074,42 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{107B8}"=>"\u01C2",
     "\u{107B9}"=>"\u{1DF0A}",
     "\u{107BA}"=>"\u{1DF1E}",
+    "\u{1CCD6}"=>"A",
+    "\u{1CCD7}"=>"B",
+    "\u{1CCD8}"=>"C",
+    "\u{1CCD9}"=>"D",
+    "\u{1CCDA}"=>"E",
+    "\u{1CCDB}"=>"F",
+    "\u{1CCDC}"=>"G",
+    "\u{1CCDD}"=>"H",
+    "\u{1CCDE}"=>"I",
+    "\u{1CCDF}"=>"J",
+    "\u{1CCE0}"=>"K",
+    "\u{1CCE1}"=>"L",
+    "\u{1CCE2}"=>"M",
+    "\u{1CCE3}"=>"N",
+    "\u{1CCE4}"=>"O",
+    "\u{1CCE5}"=>"P",
+    "\u{1CCE6}"=>"Q",
+    "\u{1CCE7}"=>"R",
+    "\u{1CCE8}"=>"S",
+    "\u{1CCE9}"=>"T",
+    "\u{1CCEA}"=>"U",
+    "\u{1CCEB}"=>"V",
+    "\u{1CCEC}"=>"W",
+    "\u{1CCED}"=>"X",
+    "\u{1CCEE}"=>"Y",
+    "\u{1CCEF}"=>"Z",
+    "\u{1CCF0}"=>"0",
+    "\u{1CCF1}"=>"1",
+    "\u{1CCF2}"=>"2",
+    "\u{1CCF3}"=>"3",
+    "\u{1CCF4}"=>"4",
+    "\u{1CCF5}"=>"5",
+    "\u{1CCF6}"=>"6",
+    "\u{1CCF7}"=>"7",
+    "\u{1CCF8}"=>"8",
+    "\u{1CCF9}"=>"9",
     "\u{1D400}"=>"A",
     "\u{1D401}"=>"B",
     "\u{1D402}"=>"C",
@@ -9242,6 +9402,8 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u30F1\u3099"=>"\u30F9",
     "\u30F2\u3099"=>"\u30FA",
     "\u30FD\u3099"=>"\u30FE",
+    "\u{105D2}\u0307"=>"\u{105C9}",
+    "\u{105DA}\u0307"=>"\u{105E4}",
     "\u{11099}\u{110BA}"=>"\u{1109A}",
     "\u{1109B}\u{110BA}"=>"\u{1109C}",
     "\u{110A5}\u{110BA}"=>"\u{110AB}",
@@ -9249,11 +9411,29 @@ module UnicodeNormalize  # :nodoc:
     "\u{11132}\u{11127}"=>"\u{1112F}",
     "\u{11347}\u{1133E}"=>"\u{1134B}",
     "\u{11347}\u{11357}"=>"\u{1134C}",
+    "\u{11382}\u{113C9}"=>"\u{11383}",
+    "\u{11384}\u{113BB}"=>"\u{11385}",
+    "\u{1138B}\u{113C2}"=>"\u{1138E}",
+    "\u{11390}\u{113C9}"=>"\u{11391}",
+    "\u{113C2}\u{113C2}"=>"\u{113C5}",
+    "\u{113C2}\u{113B8}"=>"\u{113C7}",
+    "\u{113C2}\u{113C9}"=>"\u{113C8}",
     "\u{114B9}\u{114BA}"=>"\u{114BB}",
     "\u{114B9}\u{114B0}"=>"\u{114BC}",
     "\u{114B9}\u{114BD}"=>"\u{114BE}",
     "\u{115B8}\u{115AF}"=>"\u{115BA}",
     "\u{115B9}\u{115AF}"=>"\u{115BB}",
     "\u{11935}\u{11930}"=>"\u{11938}",
+    "\u{1611E}\u{1611E}"=>"\u{16121}",
+    "\u{1611E}\u{16129}"=>"\u{16122}",
+    "\u{1611E}\u{1611F}"=>"\u{16123}",
+    "\u{16129}\u{1611F}"=>"\u{16124}",
+    "\u{1611E}\u{16120}"=>"\u{16125}",
+    "\u{16121}\u{1611F}"=>"\u{16126}",
+    "\u{16122}\u{1611F}"=>"\u{16127}",
+    "\u{16121}\u{16120}"=>"\u{16128}",
+    "\u{16D67}\u{16D67}"=>"\u{16D68}",
+    "\u{16D63}\u{16D67}"=>"\u{16D69}",
+    "\u{16D69}\u{16D67}"=>"\u{16D6A}",
   }.freeze
 end
diff --git a/lib/uri/common.rb b/lib/uri/common.rb
index 1115736297..a2fb531631 100644
--- a/lib/uri/common.rb
+++ b/lib/uri/common.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ module URI
     remove_const(:Parser) if defined?(::URI::Parser)
     const_set("Parser", parser.class)
 
+    remove_const(:PARSER) if defined?(::URI::PARSER)
+    const_set("PARSER", parser)
+
     remove_const(:REGEXP) if defined?(::URI::REGEXP)
     remove_const(:PATTERN) if defined?(::URI::PATTERN)
     if Parser == RFC2396_Parser
@@ -92,6 +95,40 @@ module URI
   end
 
   module Schemes # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      ReservedChars = ".+-"
+      EscapedChars = "\u01C0\u01C1\u01C2"
+      # Use Lo category chars as escaped chars for TruffleRuby, which
+      # does not allow Symbol categories as identifiers.
+
+      def escape(name)
+        unless name and name.ascii_only?
+          return nil
+        end
+        name.upcase.tr(ReservedChars, EscapedChars)
+      end
+
+      def unescape(name)
+        name.tr(EscapedChars, ReservedChars).encode(Encoding::US_ASCII).upcase
+      end
+
+      def find(name)
+        const_get(name, false) if name and const_defined?(name, false)
+      end
+
+      def register(name, klass)
+        unless scheme = escape(name)
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid character as scheme - #{name}"
+        end
+        const_set(scheme, klass)
+      end
+
+      def list
+        constants.map { |name|
+          [unescape(name.to_s), const_get(name)]
+        }.to_h
+      end
+    end
   end
   private_constant :Schemes
 
@@ -104,7 +141,7 @@ module URI
   # Note that after calling String#upcase on +scheme+, it must be a valid
   # constant name.
   def self.register_scheme(scheme, klass)
-    Schemes.const_set(scheme.to_s.upcase, klass)
+    Schemes.register(scheme, klass)
   end
 
   # Returns a hash of the defined schemes:
@@ -122,14 +159,14 @@ module URI
   #
   # Related: URI.register_scheme.
   def self.scheme_list
-    Schemes.constants.map { |name|
-      [name.to_s.upcase, Schemes.const_get(name)]
-    }.to_h
+    Schemes.list
   end
 
+  # :stopdoc:
   INITIAL_SCHEMES = scheme_list
   private_constant :INITIAL_SCHEMES
   Ractor.make_shareable(INITIAL_SCHEMES) if defined?(Ractor)
+  # :startdoc:
 
   # Returns a new object constructed from the given +scheme+, +arguments+,
   # and +default+:
@@ -148,12 +185,10 @@ module URI
   #   # => #<URI::HTTP foo://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
   def self.for(scheme, *arguments, default: Generic)
-    const_name = scheme.to_s.upcase
+    const_name = Schemes.escape(scheme)
 
     uri_class = INITIAL_SCHEMES[const_name]
-    uri_class ||= if /\A[A-Z]\w*\z/.match?(const_name) && Schemes.const_defined?(const_name, false)
-      Schemes.const_get(const_name, false)
-    end
+    uri_class ||= Schemes.find(const_name)
     uri_class ||= default
 
     return uri_class.new(scheme, *arguments)
@@ -195,7 +230,7 @@ module URI
   #    ["fragment", "top"]]
   #
   def self.split(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.split(uri)
+    PARSER.split(uri)
   end
 
   # Returns a new \URI object constructed from the given string +uri+:
@@ -205,11 +240,11 @@ module URI
   #   URI.parse('http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top')
   #   # => #<URI::HTTP http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
   #
-  # It's recommended to first ::escape string +uri+
+  # It's recommended to first URI::RFC2396_PARSER.escape string +uri+
   # if it may contain invalid URI characters.
   #
   def self.parse(uri)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.parse(uri)
+    PARSER.parse(uri)
   end
 
   # Merges the given URI strings +str+
@@ -236,7 +271,7 @@ module URI
   #   # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/foo/bar>
   #
   def self.join(*str)
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.join(*str)
+    PARSER.join(*str)
   end
 
   #
@@ -265,7 +300,7 @@ module URI
   #
   def self.extract(str, schemes = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
     warn "URI.extract is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
+    PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
   end
 
   #
@@ -302,7 +337,7 @@ module URI
   #
   def self.regexp(schemes = nil)# :nodoc:
     warn "URI.regexp is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
-    DEFAULT_PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
+    PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
   end
 
   TBLENCWWWCOMP_ = {} # :nodoc:
@@ -407,6 +442,8 @@ module URI
     _decode_uri_component(/%\h\h/, str, enc)
   end
 
+  # Returns a string derived from the given string +str+ with
+  # URI-encoded characters matching +regexp+ according to +table+.
   def self._encode_uri_component(regexp, table, str, enc)
     str = str.to_s.dup
     if str.encoding != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
@@ -421,6 +458,8 @@ module URI
   end
   private_class_method :_encode_uri_component
 
+  # Returns a string decoding characters matching +regexp+ from the
+  # given \URL-encoded string +str+.
   def self._decode_uri_component(regexp, str, enc)
     raise ArgumentError, "invalid %-encoding (#{str})" if /%(?!\h\h)/.match?(str)
     str.b.gsub(regexp, TBLDECWWWCOMP_).force_encoding(enc)
@@ -859,6 +898,7 @@ module Kernel
   # Returns a \URI object derived from the given +uri+,
   # which may be a \URI string or an existing \URI object:
   #
+  #   require 'uri'
   #   # Returns a new URI.
   #   uri = URI('http://github.com/ruby/ruby')
   #   # => #<URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
@@ -866,6 +906,8 @@ module Kernel
   #   URI(uri)
   #   # => #<URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
   #
+  # You must require 'uri' to use this method.
+  #
   def URI(uri)
     if uri.is_a?(URI::Generic)
       uri
diff --git a/lib/uri/generic.rb b/lib/uri/generic.rb
index 07f329e3d1..6a0f638d76 100644
--- a/lib/uri/generic.rb
+++ b/lib/uri/generic.rb
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ module URI
           end
         end
       else
-        component = self.class.component rescue ::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
+        component = self.component rescue ::URI::Generic::COMPONENT
         raise ArgumentError,
-        "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self.class} (#{component.join(', ')})"
+              "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{self} (#{component.join(', ')})"
       end
 
       tmp << nil
@@ -186,18 +186,18 @@ module URI
 
       if arg_check
         self.scheme = scheme
-        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.hostname = host
         self.port = port
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
         self.path = path
         self.query = query
         self.opaque = opaque
         self.fragment = fragment
       else
         self.set_scheme(scheme)
-        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_host(host)
         self.set_port(port)
+        self.set_userinfo(userinfo)
         self.set_path(path)
         self.query = query
         self.set_opaque(opaque)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ module URI
 
     # Returns the parser to be used.
     #
-    # Unless a URI::Parser is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
+    # Unless the +parser+ is defined, DEFAULT_PARSER is used.
     #
     def parser
       if !defined?(@parser) || !@parser
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ module URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the URI::Parser Regexp for :SCHEME.
+    # Checks the scheme +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :SCHEME.
     #
     def check_scheme(v)
       if v && parser.regexp[:SCHEME] !~ v
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the user +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the password +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the URI::Parser Regexp for :USERINFO.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :USERINFO.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a user component defined.
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ module URI
     #
     #   uri = URI.parse("http://john:S3nsit1ve@my.example.com")
     #   uri.user = "sam"
-    #   uri.to_s  #=> "http://sam:V3ry_S3nsit1ve@my.example.com"
+    #   uri.to_s  #=> "http://sam@my.example.com"
     #
     def user=(user)
       check_user(user)
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ module URI
         user, password = split_userinfo(user)
       end
       @user     = user
-      @password = password if password
+      @password = password
 
       [@user, @password]
     end
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ module URI
     # See also URI::Generic.user=.
     #
     def set_user(v)
-      set_userinfo(v, @password)
+      set_userinfo(v, nil)
       v
     end
     protected :set_user
@@ -574,6 +574,12 @@ module URI
       @password
     end
 
+    # Returns the authority info (array of user, password, host and
+    # port), if any is set.  Or returns +nil+.
+    def authority
+      return @user, @password, @host, @port if @user || @password || @host || @port
+    end
+
     # Returns the user component after URI decoding.
     def decoded_user
       URI.decode_uri_component(@user) if @user
@@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the host +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the URI::Parser Regexp for :HOST.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :HOST.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a host component defined.
@@ -615,6 +621,13 @@ module URI
     end
     protected :set_host
 
+    # Protected setter for the authority info (+user+, +password+, +host+
+    # and +port+).  If +port+ is +nil+, +default_port+ will be set.
+    #
+    protected def set_authority(user, password, host, port = nil)
+      @user, @password, @host, @port = user, password, host, port || self.default_port
+    end
+
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -639,6 +652,7 @@ module URI
     def host=(v)
       check_host(v)
       set_host(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       v
     end
 
@@ -675,7 +689,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the port +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the URI::Parser Regexp for :PORT.
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp for :PORT.
     #
     # Can not have a registry or opaque component defined,
     # with a port component defined.
@@ -729,6 +743,7 @@ module URI
     def port=(v)
       check_port(v)
       set_port(v)
+      set_userinfo(nil)
       port
     end
 
@@ -748,7 +763,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the path +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance
-    # and against the URI::Parser Regexp
+    # and against the +parser+ Regexp
     # for :ABS_PATH and :REL_PATH.
     #
     # Can not have a opaque component defined,
@@ -853,7 +868,7 @@ module URI
 
     #
     # Checks the opaque +v+ component for RFC2396 compliance and
-    # against the URI::Parser Regexp for :OPAQUE.
+    # against the +parser+ Regexp for :OPAQUE.
     #
     # Can not have a host, port, user, or path component defined,
     # with an opaque component defined.
@@ -905,7 +920,7 @@ module URI
     end
 
     #
-    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the URI::Parser Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
+    # Checks the fragment +v+ component against the +parser+ Regexp for :FRAGMENT.
     #
     #
     # == Args
@@ -1121,7 +1136,7 @@ module URI
 
       base = self.dup
 
-      authority = rel.userinfo || rel.host || rel.port
+      authority = rel.authority
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 2)
       if (rel.path.nil? || rel.path.empty?) && !authority && !rel.query
@@ -1134,9 +1149,7 @@ module URI
 
       # RFC2396, Section 5.2, 4)
       if authority
-        base.set_userinfo(rel.userinfo)
-        base.set_host(rel.host)
-        base.set_port(rel.port || base.default_port)
+        base.set_authority(*authority)
         base.set_path(rel.path)
       elsif base.path && rel.path
         base.set_path(merge_path(base.path, rel.path))
@@ -1527,7 +1540,7 @@ module URI
         else
           unless proxy_uri = env[name]
             if proxy_uri = env[name.upcase]
-              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Use http_proxy.', uplevel: 1
+              warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Please use http_proxy instead.', uplevel: 1
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/uri/http.rb b/lib/uri/http.rb
index 900b132c8c..3c41cd4e93 100644
--- a/lib/uri/http.rb
+++ b/lib/uri/http.rb
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ module URI
       super(tmp)
     end
 
+    # Do not allow empty host names, as they are not allowed by RFC 3986.
+    def check_host(v)
+      ret = super
+
+      if ret && v.empty?
+        raise InvalidComponentError,
+          "bad component(expected host component): #{v}"
+      end
+
+      ret
+    end
+
     #
     # == Description
     #
diff --git a/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb b/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
index 75a2d2dbde..cefd126cc6 100644
--- a/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module URI
     #
     # == Synopsis
     #
-    #   URI::Parser.new([opts])
+    #   URI::RFC2396_Parser.new([opts])
     #
     # == Args
     #
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ module URI
     #
     # == Examples
     #
-    #   p = URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
+    #   p = URI::RFC2396_Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
     #   u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.jp/%uABCD>
     #   URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises URI::InvalidURIError
     #
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ module URI
 
     # The Hash of patterns.
     #
-    # See also URI::Parser.initialize_pattern.
+    # See also #initialize_pattern.
     attr_reader :pattern
 
     # The Hash of Regexp.
     #
-    # See also URI::Parser.initialize_regexp.
+    # See also #initialize_regexp.
     attr_reader :regexp
 
     # Returns a split URI against +regexp[:ABS_URI]+.
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@ module URI
     #
     # == Usage
     #
-    #   p = URI::Parser.new
-    #   p.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
+    #   URI::RFC2396_PARSER.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
     #   #=> #<URI::LDAP ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john>
     #
     def parse(uri)
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ module URI
     # If no +block+ given, then returns the result,
     # else it calls +block+ for each element in result.
     #
-    # See also URI::Parser.make_regexp.
+    # See also #make_regexp.
     #
     def extract(str, schemes = nil)
       if block_given?
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ module URI
       unless schemes
         @regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]
       else
-        /(?=#{Regexp.union(*schemes)}:)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
+        /(?=(?i:#{Regexp.union(*schemes).source}):)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
       end
     end
 
@@ -524,6 +523,8 @@ module URI
       ret
     end
 
+    # Returns +uri+ as-is if it is URI, or convert it to URI if it is
+    # a String.
     def convert_to_uri(uri)
       if uri.is_a?(URI::Generic)
         uri
diff --git a/lib/uri/version.rb b/lib/uri/version.rb
index b6a8ce1543..1f810602eb 100644
--- a/lib/uri/version.rb
+++ b/lib/uri/version.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module URI
   # :stopdoc:
-  VERSION_CODE = '010003'.freeze
-  VERSION = VERSION_CODE.scan(/../).collect{|n| n.to_i}.join('.').freeze
+  VERSION = '1.1.1'.freeze
+  VERSION_CODE = VERSION.split('.').map{|s| s.rjust(2, '0')}.join.freeze
   # :startdoc:
 end
diff --git a/lib/weakref.rb b/lib/weakref.rb
index f0a7e7b318..c7274f9664 100644
--- a/lib/weakref.rb
+++ b/lib/weakref.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ require "delegate"
 #
 
 class WeakRef < Delegator
-  VERSION = "0.1.3"
+  # The version string
+  VERSION = "0.1.4"
 
   ##
   # RefError is raised when a referenced object has been recycled by the
diff --git a/lib/yaml.rb b/lib/yaml.rb
index 2cf11fc3df..c6f0f89fd2 100644
--- a/lib/yaml.rb
+++ b/lib/yaml.rb
@@ -66,5 +66,6 @@ YAML = Psych # :nodoc:
 #
 # Syck can also be found on github: https://github.com/ruby/syck
 module YAML
+  # The version of YAML wrapper
   LOADER_VERSION = "0.4.0"
 end
diff --git a/libexec/erb b/libexec/erb
index 4381671f25..de7d5888c3 100755
--- a/libexec/erb
+++ b/libexec/erb
@@ -90,29 +90,49 @@ class ERB
           when '-P'
             disable_percent = true
           when '--help'
-            raise "print this help"
+            raise ''
           when /\A-/
-            raise "unknown switch #{switch.dump}"
+            raise "Unknown switch: #{switch.dump}"
           else
             var, val = *switch.split('=', 2)
             (variables ||= {})[var] = val
           end
         end
       rescue                               # usage
-        STDERR.puts $!.to_s
-        STDERR.puts File.basename($0) +
-          " [switches] [var=value...] [inputfile]"
+        message = $!.to_s
+        STDERR.puts message unless message.empty?
+        STDERR.puts 'Usage:'
+        STDERR.puts "  #{File.basename($0)} [options] [filepaths]"
         STDERR.puts <<EOU
-  -x               print ruby script
-  -n               print ruby script with line number
-  -v               enable verbose mode
-  -d               set $DEBUG to true
-  -r library       load a library
-  -E ex[:in]       set default external/internal encodings
-  -U               set default encoding to UTF-8
-  -T trim_mode     specify trim_mode (0..2, -)
-  -P               disable ruby code evaluation for lines beginning with %
-  var=value        set variable
+
+Options:
+  -d          --debug      Set $DEBUG to enable debugging.
+  -E ex[:in]  --encoding ex[:in]
+                           Set default external and internal encodings.
+  -h          --help       Print this text and exit.
+  -n                       Print generated Ruby source code with line numbers;
+                           ignored if given without option -x.
+  -P                       Disable execution tag shorthand (for lines beginning with '%').
+  -r library               Load the named library.
+  -T trim_mode             Specify trim_mode:
+                           '0' means '%'; '1' means '%>'; '2' means '<>'; '-' means '%-'.
+  -U                       Set default encoding to UTF-8.
+  -v                       Set $VERBOSE to enable debugging,
+              --version    Print ERB version string and exit.
+  -x                       Print generated Ruby source code.
+              --           Treat all following words as filepaths (not options).
+  name=value               Set the variable named name to the given string value.
+
+Filepaths:
+  The erb program reads the text from all files at the filepaths as a single ERB template:
+  plain text, possibly with embedded ERB tags;
+  filepaths may be repeated.
+
+  The pseudo-filepath '-' (hyphen character) specifies the standard input.
+
+  If no filepaths are given, the sole input is the standard input.
+
+See details and examples at https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/erb_executable_md.html
 EOU
         exit 1
       end
diff --git a/load.c b/load.c
index 4ccd2ed20f..1ee66e2bfc 100644
--- a/load.c
+++ b/load.c
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 #include "dln.h"
 #include "eval_intern.h"
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/box.h"
 #include "internal/dir.h"
 #include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
 #include "internal/file.h"
 #include "internal/hash.h"
 #include "internal/load.h"
@@ -19,23 +21,12 @@
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
 #include "ractor_core.h"
-
-static VALUE ruby_dln_libmap;
+#include "vm_core.h"
 
 #define IS_RBEXT(e) (strcmp((e), ".rb") == 0)
 #define IS_SOEXT(e) (strcmp((e), ".so") == 0 || strcmp((e), ".o") == 0)
 #define IS_DLEXT(e) (strcmp((e), DLEXT) == 0)
 
-#if SIZEOF_VALUE <= SIZEOF_LONG
-# define SVALUE2NUM(x) LONG2NUM((long)(x))
-# define NUM2SVALUE(x) (SIGNED_VALUE)NUM2LONG(x)
-#elif SIZEOF_VALUE <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-# define SVALUE2NUM(x) LL2NUM((LONG_LONG)(x))
-# define NUM2SVALUE(x) (SIGNED_VALUE)NUM2LL(x)
-#else
-# error Need integer for VALUE
-#endif
-
 enum {
     loadable_ext_rb = (0+ /* .rb extension is the first in both tables */
                        1) /* offset by rb_find_file_ext() */
@@ -64,10 +55,11 @@ enum expand_type {
    string objects in $LOAD_PATH are frozen.
  */
 static void
-rb_construct_expanded_load_path(rb_vm_t *vm, enum expand_type type, int *has_relative, int *has_non_cache)
+rb_construct_expanded_load_path(rb_box_t *box, enum expand_type type, int *has_relative, int *has_non_cache)
 {
-    VALUE load_path = vm->load_path;
-    VALUE expanded_load_path = vm->expanded_load_path;
+    VALUE load_path = box->load_path;
+    VALUE expanded_load_path = box->expanded_load_path;
+    VALUE snapshot;
     VALUE ary;
     long i;
 
@@ -106,108 +98,90 @@ rb_construct_expanded_load_path(rb_vm_t *vm, enum expand_type type, int *has_rel
         rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring(expanded_path));
     }
     rb_ary_freeze(ary);
-    vm->expanded_load_path = ary;
-    rb_ary_replace(vm->load_path_snapshot, vm->load_path);
+    box->expanded_load_path = ary;
+    snapshot = box->load_path_snapshot;
+    load_path = box->load_path;
+    rb_ary_replace(snapshot, load_path);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-get_expanded_load_path(rb_vm_t *vm)
+get_expanded_load_path(rb_box_t *box)
 {
+    VALUE check_cache;
     const VALUE non_cache = Qtrue;
+    const VALUE load_path_snapshot = box->load_path_snapshot;
+    const VALUE load_path = box->load_path;
 
-    if (!rb_ary_shared_with_p(vm->load_path_snapshot, vm->load_path)) {
+    if (!rb_ary_shared_with_p(load_path_snapshot, load_path)) {
         /* The load path was modified. Rebuild the expanded load path. */
         int has_relative = 0, has_non_cache = 0;
-        rb_construct_expanded_load_path(vm, EXPAND_ALL, &has_relative, &has_non_cache);
+        rb_construct_expanded_load_path(box, EXPAND_ALL, &has_relative, &has_non_cache);
         if (has_relative) {
-            vm->load_path_check_cache = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
+            box->load_path_check_cache = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
         }
         else if (has_non_cache) {
             /* Non string object. */
-            vm->load_path_check_cache = non_cache;
+            box->load_path_check_cache = non_cache;
         }
         else {
-            vm->load_path_check_cache = 0;
+            box->load_path_check_cache = 0;
         }
     }
-    else if (vm->load_path_check_cache == non_cache) {
+    else if ((check_cache = box->load_path_check_cache) == non_cache) {
         int has_relative = 1, has_non_cache = 1;
         /* Expand only non-cacheable objects. */
-        rb_construct_expanded_load_path(vm, EXPAND_NON_CACHE,
+        rb_construct_expanded_load_path(box, EXPAND_NON_CACHE,
                                         &has_relative, &has_non_cache);
     }
-    else if (vm->load_path_check_cache) {
+    else if (check_cache) {
         int has_relative = 1, has_non_cache = 1;
         VALUE cwd = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
-        if (!rb_str_equal(vm->load_path_check_cache, cwd)) {
+        if (!rb_str_equal(check_cache, cwd)) {
             /* Current working directory or filesystem encoding was changed.
                Expand relative load path and non-cacheable objects again. */
-            vm->load_path_check_cache = cwd;
-            rb_construct_expanded_load_path(vm, EXPAND_RELATIVE,
+            box->load_path_check_cache = cwd;
+            rb_construct_expanded_load_path(box, EXPAND_RELATIVE,
                                             &has_relative, &has_non_cache);
         }
         else {
             /* Expand only tilde (User HOME) and non-cacheable objects. */
-            rb_construct_expanded_load_path(vm, EXPAND_HOME,
+            rb_construct_expanded_load_path(box, EXPAND_HOME,
                                             &has_relative, &has_non_cache);
         }
     }
-    return vm->expanded_load_path;
+    return box->expanded_load_path;
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_get_expanded_load_path(void)
 {
-    return get_expanded_load_path(GET_VM());
-}
-
-static VALUE
-load_path_getter(ID id, VALUE * p)
-{
-    rb_vm_t *vm = (void *)p;
-    return vm->load_path;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-get_loaded_features(rb_vm_t *vm)
-{
-    return vm->loaded_features;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-get_loaded_features_realpaths(rb_vm_t *vm)
-{
-    return vm->loaded_features_realpaths;
+    return get_expanded_load_path((rb_box_t *)rb_loading_box());
 }
 
 static VALUE
-get_loaded_features_realpath_map(rb_vm_t *vm)
+load_path_getter(ID _x, VALUE * _y)
 {
-    return vm->loaded_features_realpath_map;
+    return rb_loading_box()->load_path;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 get_LOADED_FEATURES(ID _x, VALUE *_y)
 {
-    return get_loaded_features(GET_VM());
+    return rb_loading_box()->loaded_features;
 }
 
 static void
-reset_loaded_features_snapshot(rb_vm_t *vm)
+reset_loaded_features_snapshot(const rb_box_t *box)
 {
-    rb_ary_replace(vm->loaded_features_snapshot, vm->loaded_features);
+    VALUE snapshot = box->loaded_features_snapshot;
+    VALUE loaded_features = box->loaded_features;
+    rb_ary_replace(snapshot, loaded_features);
 }
 
 static struct st_table *
-get_loaded_features_index_raw(rb_vm_t *vm)
+get_loaded_features_index_raw(const rb_box_t *box)
 {
-    return vm->loaded_features_index;
-}
-
-static st_table *
-get_loading_table(rb_vm_t *vm)
-{
-    return vm->loading_table;
+    return box->loaded_features_index;
 }
 
 static st_data_t
@@ -228,7 +202,7 @@ is_rbext_path(VALUE feature_path)
 typedef rb_darray(long) feature_indexes_t;
 
 struct features_index_add_single_args {
-    rb_vm_t *vm;
+    const rb_box_t *box;
     VALUE offset;
     bool rb;
 };
@@ -237,7 +211,7 @@ static int
 features_index_add_single_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t raw_args, int existing)
 {
     struct features_index_add_single_args *args = (struct features_index_add_single_args *)raw_args;
-    rb_vm_t *vm = args->vm;
+    const rb_box_t *box = args->box;
     VALUE offset = args->offset;
     bool rb = args->rb;
 
@@ -245,7 +219,7 @@ features_index_add_single_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t r
         VALUE this_feature_index = *value;
 
         if (FIXNUM_P(this_feature_index)) {
-            VALUE loaded_features = get_loaded_features(vm);
+            VALUE loaded_features = box->loaded_features;
             VALUE this_feature_path = RARRAY_AREF(loaded_features, FIX2LONG(this_feature_index));
 
             feature_indexes_t feature_indexes;
@@ -265,7 +239,7 @@ features_index_add_single_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t r
             long pos = -1;
 
             if (rb) {
-                VALUE loaded_features = get_loaded_features(vm);
+                VALUE loaded_features = box->loaded_features;
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < rb_darray_size(feature_indexes); ++i) {
                     long idx = rb_darray_get(feature_indexes, i);
                     VALUE this_feature_path = RARRAY_AREF(loaded_features, idx);
@@ -284,7 +258,7 @@ features_index_add_single_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t r
             if (pos >= 0) {
                 long *ptr = rb_darray_data_ptr(feature_indexes);
                 long len = rb_darray_size(feature_indexes);
-                MEMMOVE(ptr + pos, ptr + pos + 1, long, len - pos - 1);
+                MEMMOVE(ptr + pos + 1, ptr + pos, long, len - pos - 1);
                 ptr[pos] = FIX2LONG(offset);
             }
         }
@@ -297,7 +271,7 @@ features_index_add_single_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t r
 }
 
 static void
-features_index_add_single(rb_vm_t *vm, const char* str, size_t len, VALUE offset, bool rb)
+features_index_add_single(const rb_box_t *box, const char* str, size_t len, VALUE offset, bool rb)
 {
     struct st_table *features_index;
     st_data_t short_feature_key;
@@ -305,10 +279,10 @@ features_index_add_single(rb_vm_t *vm, const char* str, size_t len, VALUE offset
     Check_Type(offset, T_FIXNUM);
     short_feature_key = feature_key(str, len);
 
-    features_index = get_loaded_features_index_raw(vm);
+    features_index = get_loaded_features_index_raw(box);
 
     struct features_index_add_single_args args = {
-        .vm = vm,
+        .box = box,
         .offset = offset,
         .rb = rb,
     };
@@ -325,8 +299,10 @@ features_index_add_single(rb_vm_t *vm, const char* str, size_t len, VALUE offset
    relies on for its fast lookup.
 */
 static void
-features_index_add(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE feature, VALUE offset)
+features_index_add(const rb_box_t *box, VALUE feature, VALUE offset)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_ractor_main_p());
+
     const char *feature_str, *feature_end, *ext, *p;
     bool rb = false;
 
@@ -351,14 +327,14 @@ features_index_add(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE feature, VALUE offset)
         if (p < feature_str)
             break;
         /* Now *p == '/'.  We reach this point for every '/' in `feature`. */
-        features_index_add_single(vm, p + 1, feature_end - p - 1, offset, false);
+        features_index_add_single(box, p + 1, feature_end - p - 1, offset, false);
         if (ext) {
-            features_index_add_single(vm, p + 1, ext - p - 1, offset, rb);
+            features_index_add_single(box, p + 1, ext - p - 1, offset, rb);
         }
     }
-    features_index_add_single(vm, feature_str, feature_end - feature_str, offset, false);
+    features_index_add_single(box, feature_str, feature_end - feature_str, offset, false);
     if (ext) {
-        features_index_add_single(vm, feature_str, ext - feature_str, offset, rb);
+        features_index_add_single(box, feature_str, ext - feature_str, offset, rb);
     }
 }
 
@@ -367,35 +343,33 @@ loaded_features_index_clear_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t arg)
 {
     VALUE obj = (VALUE)val;
     if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
-        rb_darray_free((void *)obj);
+        rb_darray_free_sized((void *)obj, long);
     }
     return ST_DELETE;
 }
 
-void
-rb_free_loaded_features_index(rb_vm_t *vm)
-{
-    st_foreach(vm->loaded_features_index, loaded_features_index_clear_i, 0);
-    st_free_table(vm->loaded_features_index);
-}
-
 static st_table *
-get_loaded_features_index(rb_vm_t *vm)
+get_loaded_features_index(const rb_box_t *box)
 {
-    VALUE features;
     int i;
+    VALUE features = box->loaded_features;
+    const VALUE snapshot = box->loaded_features_snapshot;
 
-    if (!rb_ary_shared_with_p(vm->loaded_features_snapshot, vm->loaded_features)) {
+    if (!rb_ary_shared_with_p(snapshot, features)) {
         /* The sharing was broken; something (other than us in rb_provide_feature())
            modified loaded_features.  Rebuild the index. */
-        st_foreach(vm->loaded_features_index, loaded_features_index_clear_i, 0);
+        st_foreach(box->loaded_features_index, loaded_features_index_clear_i, 0);
 
-        VALUE realpaths = vm->loaded_features_realpaths;
-        VALUE realpath_map = vm->loaded_features_realpath_map;
+        VALUE realpaths = box->loaded_features_realpaths;
+        VALUE realpath_map = box->loaded_features_realpath_map;
         VALUE previous_realpath_map = rb_hash_dup(realpath_map);
         rb_hash_clear(realpaths);
         rb_hash_clear(realpath_map);
-        features = vm->loaded_features;
+
+        /* We have to make a copy of features here because the StringValue call
+         * below could call a Ruby method, which could modify $LOADED_FEATURES
+         * and cause it to be corrupt. */
+        features = rb_ary_resurrect(features);
         for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(features); i++) {
             VALUE entry, as_str;
             as_str = entry = rb_ary_entry(features, i);
@@ -403,11 +377,15 @@ get_loaded_features_index(rb_vm_t *vm)
             as_str = rb_fstring(as_str);
             if (as_str != entry)
                 rb_ary_store(features, i, as_str);
-            features_index_add(vm, as_str, INT2FIX(i));
+            features_index_add(box, as_str, INT2FIX(i));
+        }
+        /* The user modified $LOADED_FEATURES, so we should restore the changes. */
+        if (!rb_ary_shared_with_p(features, box->loaded_features)) {
+            rb_ary_replace(box->loaded_features, features);
         }
-        reset_loaded_features_snapshot(vm);
+        reset_loaded_features_snapshot(box);
 
-        features = rb_ary_dup(vm->loaded_features_snapshot);
+        features = box->loaded_features_snapshot;
         long j = RARRAY_LEN(features);
         for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
             VALUE as_str = rb_ary_entry(features, i);
@@ -421,7 +399,7 @@ get_loaded_features_index(rb_vm_t *vm)
             rb_hash_aset(realpath_map, as_str, realpath);
         }
     }
-    return vm->loaded_features_index;
+    return box->loaded_features_index;
 }
 
 /* This searches `load_path` for a value such that
@@ -506,7 +484,7 @@ loaded_feature_path_i(st_data_t v, st_data_t b, st_data_t f)
  * 'u': unsuffixed
  */
 static int
-rb_feature_p(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn)
+rb_feature_p(const rb_box_t *box, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn)
 {
     VALUE features, this_feature_index = Qnil, v, p, load_path = 0;
     const char *f, *e;
@@ -527,8 +505,8 @@ rb_feature_p(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expa
         elen = 0;
         type = 0;
     }
-    features = get_loaded_features(vm);
-    features_index = get_loaded_features_index(vm);
+    features = box->loaded_features;
+    features_index = get_loaded_features_index(box);
 
     key = feature_key(feature, strlen(feature));
     /* We search `features` for an entry such that either
@@ -570,12 +548,13 @@ rb_feature_p(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expa
                 index = rb_darray_get(feature_indexes, i);
             }
 
+            if (index >= RARRAY_LEN(features)) continue;
             v = RARRAY_AREF(features, index);
             f = StringValuePtr(v);
             if ((n = RSTRING_LEN(v)) < len) continue;
             if (strncmp(f, feature, len) != 0) {
                 if (expanded) continue;
-                if (!load_path) load_path = get_expanded_load_path(vm);
+                if (!load_path) load_path = get_expanded_load_path((rb_box_t *)box);
                 if (!(p = loaded_feature_path(f, n, feature, len, type, load_path)))
                     continue;
                 expanded = 1;
@@ -595,14 +574,14 @@ rb_feature_p(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expa
         }
     }
 
-    loading_tbl = get_loading_table(vm);
+    loading_tbl = box->loading_table;
     f = 0;
     if (!expanded && !rb_is_absolute_path(feature)) {
         struct loaded_feature_searching fs;
         fs.name = feature;
         fs.len = len;
         fs.type = type;
-        fs.load_path = load_path ? load_path : get_expanded_load_path(vm);
+        fs.load_path = load_path ? load_path : get_expanded_load_path((rb_box_t *)box);
         fs.result = 0;
         st_foreach(loading_tbl, loaded_feature_path_i, (st_data_t)&fs);
         if ((f = fs.result) != 0) {
@@ -657,7 +636,7 @@ rb_provided(const char *feature)
 }
 
 static int
-feature_provided(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char **loading)
+feature_provided(rb_box_t *box, const char *feature, const char **loading)
 {
     const char *ext = strrchr(feature, '.');
     VALUE fullpath = 0;
@@ -669,15 +648,15 @@ feature_provided(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char **loading)
     }
     if (ext && !strchr(ext, '/')) {
         if (IS_RBEXT(ext)) {
-            if (rb_feature_p(vm, feature, ext, TRUE, FALSE, loading)) return TRUE;
+            if (rb_feature_p(box, feature, ext, TRUE, FALSE, loading)) return TRUE;
             return FALSE;
         }
         else if (IS_SOEXT(ext) || IS_DLEXT(ext)) {
-            if (rb_feature_p(vm, feature, ext, FALSE, FALSE, loading)) return TRUE;
+            if (rb_feature_p(box, feature, ext, FALSE, FALSE, loading)) return TRUE;
             return FALSE;
         }
     }
-    if (rb_feature_p(vm, feature, 0, TRUE, FALSE, loading))
+    if (rb_feature_p(box, feature, 0, TRUE, FALSE, loading))
         return TRUE;
     RB_GC_GUARD(fullpath);
     return FALSE;
@@ -686,35 +665,40 @@ feature_provided(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char **loading)
 int
 rb_feature_provided(const char *feature, const char **loading)
 {
-    return feature_provided(GET_VM(), feature, loading);
+    rb_box_t *box = (rb_box_t *)rb_current_box();
+    return feature_provided(box, feature, loading);
 }
 
 static void
-rb_provide_feature(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE feature)
+rb_provide_feature(const rb_box_t *box, VALUE feature)
 {
     VALUE features;
 
-    features = get_loaded_features(vm);
+    features = box->loaded_features;
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(features)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
                  "$LOADED_FEATURES is frozen; cannot append feature");
     }
     feature = rb_fstring(feature);
 
-    get_loaded_features_index(vm);
+    get_loaded_features_index(box);
     // If loaded_features and loaded_features_snapshot share the same backing
     // array, pushing into it would cause the whole array to be copied.
     // To avoid this we first clear loaded_features_snapshot.
-    rb_ary_clear(vm->loaded_features_snapshot);
+    rb_ary_clear(box->loaded_features_snapshot);
     rb_ary_push(features, feature);
-    features_index_add(vm, feature, INT2FIX(RARRAY_LEN(features)-1));
-    reset_loaded_features_snapshot(vm);
+    features_index_add(box, feature, INT2FIX(RARRAY_LEN(features)-1));
+    reset_loaded_features_snapshot(box);
 }
 
 void
 rb_provide(const char *feature)
 {
-    rb_provide_feature(GET_VM(), rb_fstring_cstr(feature));
+    /*
+     * rb_provide() must use rb_current_box to store provided features
+     * in the current box's loaded_features, etc.
+     */
+    rb_provide_feature(rb_current_box(), rb_fstring_cstr(feature));
 }
 
 NORETURN(static void load_failed(VALUE));
@@ -735,18 +719,18 @@ realpath_internal_cached(VALUE hash, VALUE path)
 static inline void
 load_iseq_eval(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname)
 {
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
     const rb_iseq_t *iseq = rb_iseq_load_iseq(fname);
 
     if (!iseq) {
         rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
         VALUE v = rb_vm_push_frame_fname(ec, fname);
 
-        rb_thread_t *th = rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec);
-        VALUE realpath_map = get_loaded_features_realpath_map(th->vm);
+        VALUE realpath_map = box->loaded_features_realpath_map;
 
         if (rb_ruby_prism_p()) {
-            pm_parse_result_t result = { 0 };
-            result.options.line = 1;
+            pm_parse_result_t result;
+            pm_parse_result_init(&result);
             result.node.coverage_enabled = 1;
 
             VALUE error = pm_load_parse_file(&result, fname, NULL);
@@ -786,13 +770,15 @@ load_iseq_eval(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname)
         RB_GC_GUARD(v);
     }
     rb_exec_event_hook_script_compiled(ec, iseq, Qnil);
-    rb_iseq_eval(iseq);
+
+    rb_iseq_eval(iseq, box);
 }
 
 static inline enum ruby_tag_type
 load_wrapping(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, VALUE load_wrapper)
 {
     enum ruby_tag_type state;
+    rb_box_t *box;
     rb_thread_t *th = rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec);
     volatile VALUE wrapper = th->top_wrapper;
     volatile VALUE self = th->top_self;
@@ -803,7 +789,16 @@ load_wrapping(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, VALUE load_wrapper)
     ec->errinfo = Qnil; /* ensure */
 
     /* load in module as toplevel */
-    th->top_self = rb_obj_clone(rb_vm_top_self());
+    if (BOX_OBJ_P(load_wrapper)) {
+        box = rb_get_box_t(load_wrapper);
+        if (!box->top_self) {
+            box->top_self = rb_obj_clone(rb_vm_top_self());
+        }
+        th->top_self = box->top_self;
+    }
+    else {
+        th->top_self = rb_obj_clone(rb_vm_top_self());
+    }
     th->top_wrapper = load_wrapper;
     rb_extend_object(th->top_self, th->top_wrapper);
 
@@ -838,7 +833,9 @@ raise_load_if_failed(rb_execution_context_t *ec, enum ruby_tag_type state)
 static void
 rb_load_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE wrap)
 {
+    VALUE box_value;
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
     enum ruby_tag_type state = TAG_NONE;
     if (RTEST(wrap)) {
         if (!RB_TYPE_P(wrap, T_MODULE)) {
@@ -846,6 +843,10 @@ rb_load_internal(VALUE fname, VALUE wrap)
         }
         state = load_wrapping(ec, fname, wrap);
     }
+    else if (BOX_OPTIONAL_P(box)) {
+        box_value = box->box_object;
+        state = load_wrapping(ec, fname, box_value);
+    }
     else {
         load_iseq_eval(ec, fname);
     }
@@ -874,6 +875,28 @@ rb_load_protect(VALUE fname, int wrap, int *pstate)
     if (state != TAG_NONE) *pstate = state;
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_load_entrypoint(VALUE fname, VALUE wrap)
+{
+    VALUE path, orig_fname;
+
+    orig_fname = rb_get_path_check_to_string(fname);
+    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(orig_fname);
+    RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(LOAD_ENTRY, RSTRING_PTR(orig_fname));
+
+    path = rb_find_file(fname);
+    if (!path) {
+        if (!rb_file_load_ok(RSTRING_PTR(fname)))
+            load_failed(orig_fname);
+        path = fname;
+    }
+    rb_load_internal(path, wrap);
+
+    RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(LOAD_RETURN, RSTRING_PTR(orig_fname));
+
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     load(filename, wrap=false)   -> true
@@ -907,32 +930,16 @@ rb_load_protect(VALUE fname, int wrap, int *pstate)
 static VALUE
 rb_f_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 {
-    VALUE fname, wrap, path, orig_fname;
-
+    VALUE fname, wrap;
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &wrap);
-
-    orig_fname = rb_get_path_check_to_string(fname);
-    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(orig_fname);
-    RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(LOAD_ENTRY, RSTRING_PTR(orig_fname));
-
-    path = rb_find_file(fname);
-    if (!path) {
-        if (!rb_file_load_ok(RSTRING_PTR(fname)))
-            load_failed(orig_fname);
-        path = fname;
-    }
-    rb_load_internal(path, wrap);
-
-    RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(LOAD_RETURN, RSTRING_PTR(orig_fname));
-
-    return Qtrue;
+    return rb_load_entrypoint(fname, wrap);
 }
 
 static char *
-load_lock(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *ftptr, bool warn)
+load_lock(const rb_box_t *box, const char *ftptr, bool warn)
 {
     st_data_t data;
-    st_table *loading_tbl = get_loading_table(vm);
+    st_table *loading_tbl = box->loading_table;
 
     if (!st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)ftptr, &data)) {
         /* partial state */
@@ -974,11 +981,11 @@ release_thread_shield(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t done, int exis
 }
 
 static void
-load_unlock(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *ftptr, int done)
+load_unlock(const rb_box_t *box, const char *ftptr, int done)
 {
     if (ftptr) {
         st_data_t key = (st_data_t)ftptr;
-        st_table *loading_tbl = get_loading_table(vm);
+        st_table *loading_tbl = box->loading_table;
 
         st_update(loading_tbl, key, release_thread_shield, done);
     }
@@ -1029,6 +1036,17 @@ rb_f_require(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
     return rb_require_string(fname);
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_require_relative_entrypoint(VALUE fname)
+{
+    VALUE base = rb_current_realfilepath();
+    if (NIL_P(base)) {
+        rb_loaderror("cannot infer basepath");
+    }
+    base = rb_file_dirname(base);
+    return rb_require_string_internal(rb_file_absolute_path(fname, base), false);
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   require_relative(string) -> true or false
@@ -1041,18 +1059,13 @@ rb_f_require(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
 VALUE
 rb_f_require_relative(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
 {
-    VALUE base = rb_current_realfilepath();
-    if (NIL_P(base)) {
-        rb_loaderror("cannot infer basepath");
-    }
-    base = rb_file_dirname(base);
-    return rb_require_string_internal(rb_file_absolute_path(fname, base), false);
+    return rb_require_relative_entrypoint(fname);
 }
 
-typedef int (*feature_func)(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn);
+typedef int (*feature_func)(const rb_box_t *box, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn);
 
 static int
-search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_feature_p)
+search_required(const rb_box_t *box, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_feature_p)
 {
     VALUE tmp;
     char *ext, *ftptr;
@@ -1063,20 +1076,20 @@ search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_
     ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(fname), '.');
     if (ext && !strchr(ext, '/')) {
         if (IS_RBEXT(ext)) {
-            if (rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, TRUE, FALSE, &loading)) {
+            if (rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, TRUE, FALSE, &loading)) {
                 if (loading) *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(loading);
                 return 'r';
             }
             if ((tmp = rb_find_file(fname)) != 0) {
                 ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp), '.');
-                if (!rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, TRUE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
+                if (!rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, TRUE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
                     *path = tmp;
                 return 'r';
             }
             return 0;
         }
         else if (IS_SOEXT(ext)) {
-            if (rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) {
+            if (rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) {
                 if (loading) *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(loading);
                 return 's';
             }
@@ -1085,25 +1098,25 @@ search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_
             OBJ_FREEZE(tmp);
             if ((tmp = rb_find_file(tmp)) != 0) {
                 ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp), '.');
-                if (!rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, FALSE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
+                if (!rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, FALSE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
                     *path = tmp;
                 return 's';
             }
         }
         else if (IS_DLEXT(ext)) {
-            if (rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) {
+            if (rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) {
                 if (loading) *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(loading);
                 return 's';
             }
             if ((tmp = rb_find_file(fname)) != 0) {
                 ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp), '.');
-                if (!rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, FALSE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
+                if (!rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, FALSE, TRUE, &loading) || loading)
                     *path = tmp;
                 return 's';
             }
         }
     }
-    else if ((ft = rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, 0, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) == 'r') {
+    else if ((ft = rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, 0, FALSE, FALSE, &loading)) == 'r') {
         if (loading) *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(loading);
         return 'r';
     }
@@ -1112,20 +1125,23 @@ search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_
 
     // Check if it's a statically linked extension when
     // not already a feature and not found as a dynamic library.
-    if (!ft && type != loadable_ext_rb && vm->static_ext_inits) {
-        VALUE lookup_name = tmp;
-        // Append ".so" if not already present so for example "etc" can find "etc.so".
-        // We always register statically linked extensions with a ".so" extension.
-        // See encinit.c and extinit.c (generated at build-time).
-        if (!ext) {
-            lookup_name = rb_str_dup(lookup_name);
-            rb_str_cat_cstr(lookup_name, ".so");
-        }
-        ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(lookup_name);
-        if (st_lookup(vm->static_ext_inits, (st_data_t)ftptr, NULL)) {
-            *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(ftptr);
-            RB_GC_GUARD(lookup_name);
-            return 's';
+    if (!ft && type != loadable_ext_rb) {
+        rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+        if (vm->static_ext_inits.num_entries) {
+            VALUE lookup_name = tmp;
+            // Append ".so" if not already present so for example "etc" can find "etc.so".
+            // We always register statically linked extensions with a ".so" extension.
+            // See encinit.c and extinit.c (generated at build-time).
+            if (!ext) {
+                lookup_name = rb_str_dup(lookup_name);
+                rb_str_cat_cstr(lookup_name, ".so");
+            }
+            ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(lookup_name);
+            if (st_lookup(&vm->static_ext_inits, (st_data_t)ftptr, NULL)) {
+                *path = rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(ftptr);
+                RB_GC_GUARD(lookup_name);
+                return 's';
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1134,7 +1150,7 @@ search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_
         if (ft)
             goto feature_present;
         ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-        return rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, 0, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
+        return rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, 0, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
 
       default:
         if (ft) {
@@ -1143,7 +1159,7 @@ search_required(rb_vm_t *vm, VALUE fname, volatile VALUE *path, feature_func rb_
         /* fall through */
       case loadable_ext_rb:
         ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp), '.');
-        if (rb_feature_p(vm, ftptr, ext, type == loadable_ext_rb, TRUE, &loading) && !loading)
+        if (rb_feature_p(box, ftptr, ext, type == loadable_ext_rb, TRUE, &loading) && !loading)
             break;
         *path = tmp;
     }
@@ -1161,42 +1177,57 @@ load_failed(VALUE fname)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-load_ext(VALUE path)
+load_ext(VALUE path, VALUE fname)
 {
+    VALUE loaded = path;
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
+    VALUE cleanup = 0;
+    if (BOX_USER_P(box)) {
+        loaded = rb_box_local_extension(box->box_object, fname, path, &cleanup);
+    }
     rb_scope_visibility_set(METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
-    return (VALUE)dln_load(RSTRING_PTR(path));
+    void *handle = dln_load_feature(RSTRING_PTR(loaded), RSTRING_PTR(fname));
+    if (cleanup) {
+        rb_box_cleanup_local_extension(cleanup);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loaded);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(fname);
+    return (VALUE)handle;
 }
 
-static bool
-run_static_ext_init(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature)
+static VALUE
+run_static_ext_init(VALUE vm_ptr, VALUE feature_value)
 {
+    rb_vm_t *vm = (rb_vm_t *)vm_ptr;
+    const char *feature = RSTRING_PTR(feature_value);
     st_data_t key = (st_data_t)feature;
     st_data_t init_func;
 
-    if (vm->static_ext_inits && st_delete(vm->static_ext_inits, &key, &init_func)) {
+    if (st_delete(&vm->static_ext_inits, &key, &init_func)) {
         ((void (*)(void))init_func)();
-        return true;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
-    return false;
+    return Qfalse;
 }
 
 static int
-no_feature_p(rb_vm_t *vm, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn)
+no_feature_p(const rb_box_t *box, const char *feature, const char *ext, int rb, int expanded, const char **fn)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
-// Documented in doc/globals.rdoc
+// Documented in doc/language/globals.md
 VALUE
 rb_resolve_feature_path(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 {
     VALUE path;
     int found;
     VALUE sym;
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
 
     fname = rb_get_path(fname);
     path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
-    found = search_required(GET_VM(), path, &path, no_feature_p);
+    found = search_required(box, path, &path, no_feature_p);
 
     switch (found) {
       case 'r':
@@ -1213,14 +1244,14 @@ rb_resolve_feature_path(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
 }
 
 static void
-ext_config_push(rb_thread_t *th, struct rb_ext_config *prev)
+ext_config_push(rb_thread_t *th, volatile struct rb_ext_config *prev)
 {
     *prev = th->ext_config;
     th->ext_config = (struct rb_ext_config){0};
 }
 
 static void
-ext_config_pop(rb_thread_t *th, struct rb_ext_config *prev)
+ext_config_pop(rb_thread_t *th, volatile struct rb_ext_config *prev)
 {
     th->ext_config = *prev;
 }
@@ -1243,22 +1274,24 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
 {
     volatile int result = -1;
     rb_thread_t *th = rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec);
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
     volatile const struct {
         VALUE wrapper, self, errinfo;
         rb_execution_context_t *ec;
+        const rb_box_t *box;
     } saved = {
         th->top_wrapper, th->top_self, ec->errinfo,
-        ec,
+        ec, box,
     };
     enum ruby_tag_type state;
     char *volatile ftptr = 0;
     VALUE path;
     volatile VALUE saved_path;
     volatile VALUE realpath = 0;
-    VALUE realpaths = get_loaded_features_realpaths(th->vm);
-    VALUE realpath_map = get_loaded_features_realpath_map(th->vm);
+    VALUE realpaths = box->loaded_features_realpaths;
+    VALUE realpath_map = box->loaded_features_realpath_map;
     volatile bool reset_ext_config = false;
-    struct rb_ext_config prev_ext_config;
+    volatile struct rb_ext_config prev_ext_config;
 
     path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
     RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(REQUIRE_ENTRY, RSTRING_PTR(fname));
@@ -1272,18 +1305,18 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
         int found;
 
         RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(FIND_REQUIRE_ENTRY, RSTRING_PTR(fname));
-        found = search_required(th->vm, path, &saved_path, rb_feature_p);
+        found = search_required(box, path, &saved_path, rb_feature_p);
         RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK(FIND_REQUIRE_RETURN, RSTRING_PTR(fname));
         path = saved_path;
 
         if (found) {
-            if (!path || !(ftptr = load_lock(th->vm, RSTRING_PTR(path), warn))) {
+            if (!path || !(ftptr = load_lock(box, RSTRING_PTR(path), warn))) {
                 result = 0;
             }
             else if (!*ftptr) {
                 result = TAG_RETURN;
             }
-            else if (found == 's' && run_static_ext_init(th->vm, RSTRING_PTR(path))) {
+            else if (found == 's' && RTEST(rb_vm_call_cfunc_in_box(Qnil, run_static_ext_init, (VALUE)th->vm, path, path, box))) {
                 result = TAG_RETURN;
             }
             else if (RTEST(rb_hash_aref(realpaths,
@@ -1299,9 +1332,8 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
                   case 's':
                     reset_ext_config = true;
                     ext_config_push(th, &prev_ext_config);
-                    handle = rb_vm_call_cfunc(rb_vm_top_self(), load_ext,
-                                              path, VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE, path);
-                    rb_hash_aset(ruby_dln_libmap, path, SVALUE2NUM((SIGNED_VALUE)handle));
+                    handle = rb_vm_call_cfunc_in_box(box->top_self, load_ext, path, fname, path, box);
+                    rb_hash_aset(box->ruby_dln_libmap, path, PTR2NUM(handle));
                     break;
                 }
                 result = TAG_RETURN;
@@ -1311,13 +1343,14 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
     EC_POP_TAG();
 
     ec = saved.ec;
+    box = saved.box;
     rb_thread_t *th2 = rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec);
     th2->top_self = saved.self;
     th2->top_wrapper = saved.wrapper;
     if (reset_ext_config) ext_config_pop(th2, &prev_ext_config);
 
     path = saved_path;
-    if (ftptr) load_unlock(th2->vm, RSTRING_PTR(path), !state);
+    if (ftptr) load_unlock(box, RSTRING_PTR(path), !state);
 
     if (state) {
         if (state == TAG_FATAL || state == TAG_THROW) {
@@ -1343,7 +1376,7 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
     }
 
     if (result == TAG_RETURN) {
-        rb_provide_feature(th2->vm, path);
+        rb_provide_feature(box, path);
         VALUE real = realpath;
         if (real) {
             real = rb_fstring(real);
@@ -1360,6 +1393,10 @@ require_internal(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE fname, int exception, bool wa
 int
 rb_require_internal_silent(VALUE fname)
 {
+    if (!rb_ractor_main_p()) {
+        return NUM2INT(rb_ractor_require(fname, true));
+    }
+
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
     return require_internal(ec, fname, 1, false);
 }
@@ -1374,7 +1411,7 @@ rb_require_internal(VALUE fname)
 int
 ruby_require_internal(const char *fname, unsigned int len)
 {
-    struct RString fake;
+    struct RString fake = {RBASIC_INIT};
     VALUE str = rb_setup_fake_str(&fake, fname, len, 0);
     rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
     int result = require_internal(ec, str, 0, RTEST(ruby_verbose));
@@ -1396,7 +1433,7 @@ rb_require_string_internal(VALUE fname, bool resurrect)
     // main ractor check
     if (!rb_ractor_main_p()) {
         if (resurrect) fname = rb_str_resurrect(fname);
-        return rb_ractor_require(fname);
+        return rb_ractor_require(fname, false);
     }
     else {
         int result = require_internal(ec, fname, 1, RTEST(ruby_verbose));
@@ -1416,7 +1453,7 @@ rb_require_string_internal(VALUE fname, bool resurrect)
 VALUE
 rb_require(const char *fname)
 {
-    struct RString fake;
+    struct RString fake = {RBASIC_INIT};
     VALUE str = rb_setup_fake_str(&fake, fname, strlen(fname), 0);
     return rb_require_string_internal(str, true);
 }
@@ -1441,18 +1478,13 @@ register_init_ext(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t init, int existing
 void
 ruby_init_ext(const char *name, void (*init)(void))
 {
-    st_table *inits_table;
     rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
 
-    if (feature_provided(vm, name, 0))
+    if (feature_provided((rb_box_t *)box, name, 0))
         return;
 
-    inits_table = vm->static_ext_inits;
-    if (!inits_table) {
-        inits_table = st_init_strtable();
-        vm->static_ext_inits = inits_table;
-    }
-    st_update(inits_table, (st_data_t)name, register_init_ext, (st_data_t)init);
+    st_update(&vm->static_ext_inits, (st_data_t)name, register_init_ext, (st_data_t)init);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1471,6 +1503,9 @@ ruby_init_ext(const char *name, void (*init)(void))
  *  If _const_ in _mod_ is defined as autoload, the file name to be
  *  loaded is replaced with _filename_.  If _const_ is defined but not
  *  as autoload, does nothing.
+ *
+ *  Files that are currently being loaded must not be registered for
+ *  autoload.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1485,6 +1520,49 @@ rb_mod_autoload(VALUE mod, VALUE sym, VALUE file)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
+ *     mod.autoload_relative(const, filename)   -> nil
+ *
+ *  Registers _filename_ to be loaded (using Kernel::require)
+ *  the first time that _const_ (which may be a String or
+ *  a symbol) is accessed in the namespace of _mod_. The _filename_
+ *  is interpreted as relative to the directory of the file where
+ *  autoload_relative is called.
+ *
+ *     module A
+ *     end
+ *     A.autoload_relative(:B, "b.rb")
+ *
+ *  If _const_ in _mod_ is defined as autoload, the file name to be
+ *  loaded is replaced with _filename_.  If _const_ is defined but not
+ *  as autoload, does nothing.
+ *
+ *  The relative path is converted to an absolute path, which is what
+ *  will be returned by Module#autoload? for the constant.
+ *
+ *  Raises LoadError if called without file context (e.g., from eval).
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_mod_autoload_relative(VALUE mod, VALUE sym, VALUE file)
+{
+    ID id = rb_to_id(sym);
+    VALUE base, absolute_path;
+
+    FilePathValue(file);
+
+    base = rb_current_realfilepath();
+    if (NIL_P(base)) {
+        rb_loaderror("cannot infer basepath (autoload_relative called without file context)");
+    }
+    base = rb_file_dirname(base);
+    absolute_path = rb_file_absolute_path(file, base);
+
+    rb_autoload_str(mod, id, absolute_path);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
  *     mod.autoload?(name, inherit=true)   -> String or nil
  *
  *  Returns _filename_ to be loaded if _name_ is registered as
@@ -1535,6 +1613,9 @@ rb_mod_autoload_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *  If _const_ is defined as autoload, the file name to be loaded is
  *  replaced with _filename_.  If _const_ is defined but not as
  *  autoload, does nothing.
+ *
+ *  Files that are currently being loaded must not be registered for
+ *  autoload.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1549,6 +1630,38 @@ rb_f_autoload(VALUE obj, VALUE sym, VALUE file)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
+ *     autoload_relative(const, filename)   -> nil
+ *
+ *  Registers _filename_ to be loaded (using Kernel::require)
+ *  the first time that _const_ (which may be a String or
+ *  a symbol) is accessed. The _filename_ is interpreted as
+ *  relative to the directory of the file where autoload_relative
+ *  is called.
+ *
+ *     autoload_relative(:MyModule, "my_module.rb")
+ *
+ *  If _const_ is defined as autoload, the file name to be loaded is
+ *  replaced with _filename_.  If _const_ is defined but not as
+ *  autoload, does nothing.
+ *
+ *  The relative path is converted to an absolute path, which is what
+ *  will be returned by Kernel#autoload? for the constant.
+ *
+ *  Raises LoadError if called without file context (e.g., from eval).
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_f_autoload_relative(VALUE obj, VALUE sym, VALUE file)
+{
+    VALUE klass = rb_class_real(rb_vm_cbase());
+    if (!klass) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can not set autoload on singleton class");
+    }
+    return rb_mod_autoload_relative(klass, sym, file);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
  *     autoload?(name, inherit=true)   -> String or nil
  *
  *  Returns _filename_ to be loaded if _name_ is registered as
@@ -1587,8 +1700,9 @@ rb_ext_resolve_symbol(const char* fname, const char* symbol)
     VALUE handle;
     VALUE resolved;
     VALUE path;
-    char *ext;
+    const char *ext;
     VALUE fname_str = rb_str_new_cstr(fname);
+    const rb_box_t *box = rb_loading_box();
 
     resolved = rb_resolve_feature_path((VALUE)NULL, fname_str);
     if (NIL_P(resolved)) {
@@ -1596,7 +1710,7 @@ rb_ext_resolve_symbol(const char* fname, const char* symbol)
         if (!ext || !IS_SOEXT(ext)) {
             rb_str_cat_cstr(fname_str, ".so");
         }
-        if (rb_feature_p(GET_VM(), fname, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0)) {
+        if (rb_feature_p(box, fname, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0)) {
             return dln_symbol(NULL, symbol);
         }
         return NULL;
@@ -1605,47 +1719,36 @@ rb_ext_resolve_symbol(const char* fname, const char* symbol)
         return NULL;
     }
     path = rb_ary_entry(resolved, 1);
-    handle = rb_hash_lookup(ruby_dln_libmap, path);
+    handle = rb_hash_lookup(box->ruby_dln_libmap, path);
     if (NIL_P(handle)) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return dln_symbol((void *)NUM2SVALUE(handle), symbol);
+    return dln_symbol(NUM2PTR(handle), symbol);
 }
 
 void
 Init_load(void)
 {
-    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
     static const char var_load_path[] = "$:";
     ID id_load_path = rb_intern2(var_load_path, sizeof(var_load_path)-1);
 
-    rb_define_hooked_variable(var_load_path, (VALUE*)vm, load_path_getter, rb_gvar_readonly_setter);
+    rb_define_hooked_variable(var_load_path, 0, load_path_getter, rb_gvar_readonly_setter);
+    rb_gvar_box_ready(var_load_path);
     rb_alias_variable(rb_intern_const("$-I"), id_load_path);
     rb_alias_variable(rb_intern_const("$LOAD_PATH"), id_load_path);
-    vm->load_path = rb_ary_new();
-    vm->expanded_load_path = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
-    vm->load_path_snapshot = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
-    vm->load_path_check_cache = 0;
-    rb_define_singleton_method(vm->load_path, "resolve_feature_path", rb_resolve_feature_path, 1);
 
     rb_define_virtual_variable("$\"", get_LOADED_FEATURES, 0);
-    rb_define_virtual_variable("$LOADED_FEATURES", get_LOADED_FEATURES, 0);
-    vm->loaded_features = rb_ary_new();
-    vm->loaded_features_snapshot = rb_ary_hidden_new(0);
-    vm->loaded_features_index = st_init_numtable();
-    vm->loaded_features_realpaths = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_obj_hide(vm->loaded_features_realpaths);
-    vm->loaded_features_realpath_map = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_obj_hide(vm->loaded_features_realpath_map);
+    rb_gvar_box_ready("$\"");
+    rb_define_virtual_variable("$LOADED_FEATURES", get_LOADED_FEATURES, 0); // TODO: rb_alias_variable ?
+    rb_gvar_box_ready("$LOADED_FEATURES");
 
     rb_define_global_function("load", rb_f_load, -1);
     rb_define_global_function("require", rb_f_require, 1);
     rb_define_global_function("require_relative", rb_f_require_relative, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "autoload", rb_mod_autoload, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "autoload_relative", rb_mod_autoload_relative, 2);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "autoload?", rb_mod_autoload_p, -1);
     rb_define_global_function("autoload", rb_f_autoload, 2);
+    rb_define_global_function("autoload_relative", rb_f_autoload_relative, 2);
     rb_define_global_function("autoload?", rb_f_autoload_p, -1);
-
-    ruby_dln_libmap = rb_hash_new_with_size(0);
-    rb_vm_register_global_object(ruby_dln_libmap);
 }
diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
index 01346eeb2e..525189db85 100644
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 # undef RUBY_DEBUG_ENV
 #endif
 
+RUBY_GLOBAL_SETUP
+
 static int
 rb_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -40,11 +42,6 @@ rb_main(int argc, char **argv)
     return ruby_run_node(ruby_options(argc, argv));
 }
 
-#if defined(__wasm__) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-int rb_wasm_rt_start(int (main)(int argc, char **argv), int argc, char **argv);
-#define rb_main(argc, argv) rb_wasm_rt_start(rb_main, argc, argv)
-#endif
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define main(argc, argv) w32_main(argc, argv)
 static int main(int argc, char **argv);
@@ -62,18 +59,5 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 #endif
 
     ruby_sysinit(&argc, &argv);
-    return rb_main(argc, argv);
+    return ruby_start_main(rb_main, argc, argv);
 }
-
-#ifdef RUBY_ASAN_ENABLED
-/* Compile in the ASAN options Ruby needs, rather than relying on environment variables, so
- * that even tests which fork ruby with a clean environment will run ASAN with the right
- * settings */
-RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
-const char *
-__asan_default_options(void)
-{
-    return "use_sigaltstack=0:detect_leaks=0";
-}
-RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
-#endif
diff --git a/man/erb.1 b/man/erb.1
index d8739a7639..38a4c14ea4 100644
--- a/man/erb.1
+++ b/man/erb.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\"Ruby is copyrighted by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
-.Dd December 16, 2018
-.Dt ERB \&1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
+.Dd March 27, 2026
+.Dt ERB 1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
 .Os UNIX
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm erb
diff --git a/man/goruby.1 b/man/goruby.1
index a305a5afce..732ecaa663 100644
--- a/man/goruby.1
+++ b/man/goruby.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\"Ruby is copyrighted by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
-.Dd April 20, 2017
-.Dt GORUBY \&1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
+.Dd March 27, 2026
+.Dt GORUBY 1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
 .Os UNIX
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm goruby
diff --git a/man/ruby.1 b/man/ruby.1
index 28d7ddadfa..bc776b8946 100644
--- a/man/ruby.1
+++ b/man/ruby.1
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .\"Ruby is copyrighted by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
-.Dd April 14, 2018
-.Dt RUBY \&1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
+.Dd March 27, 2026
+.Dt RUBY 1 "Ruby Programmer's Reference Guide"
 .Os UNIX
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm ruby
@@ -287,6 +287,8 @@ to the standard output.
 .It Fl -debug
 Turns on debug mode.
 .Li "$DEBUG"
+and
+.Li "$VERBOSE"
 will be set to true.
 .Pp
 .It Fl e Ar command
@@ -521,6 +523,13 @@ variable is not defined, Ruby refers to
 If set, Ruby tries to free all dynamically allocated memories.
 Introduced in Ruby 3.3, default: unset.
 .Pp
+.It Ev RUBY_BOX
+If set to
+.Li 1 ,
+Ruby Box is enabled and users will be able to execute
+.Li Ruby::Box.new .
+Ruby Box is an experimental feature introduced in Ruby 4.0.
+.Pp
 .It Ev RUBY_IO_BUFFER_DEFAULT_SIZE
 The custom default buffer size of
 .Li IO::Buffer .
@@ -691,6 +700,16 @@ Frees stacks of pooled fibers, if set to 1.
 Do not free the stacks if set to 0.
 Introduced in Ruby 2.7, default: 1 (no growth)
 .Pp
+.It Ev RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MAXIMUM_COUNT
+If set to a non-negative integer, the shared fiber pool cannot allocate more
+than that many stacks; further fiber creation may fail with
+.Va FiberError .
+Unset or 0 means no explicit cap (subject to process limits).
+.Pp
+.It Ev RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_MINIMUM_COUNT
+Initial and minimum growth chunk size for the shared fiber pool (stacks).
+Unset uses the implementation default.
+.Pp
 .El
 .Sh STACK SIZE ENVIRONMENT
 Stack size environment variables are implementation-dependent and
diff --git a/marshal.c b/marshal.c
index c0bc2dd6da..e6ee3b47b0 100644
--- a/marshal.c
+++ b/marshal.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "internal/hash.h"
 #include "internal/numeric.h"
 #include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/re.h"
 #include "internal/struct.h"
 #include "internal/symbol.h"
 #include "internal/util.h"
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "ruby/util.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "shape.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonstring.h"
 
 #define BITSPERSHORT (2*CHAR_BIT)
 #define SHORTMASK ((1<<BITSPERSHORT)-1)
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ static ID s_dump, s_load, s_mdump, s_mload;
 static ID s_dump_data, s_load_data, s_alloc, s_call;
 static ID s_getbyte, s_read, s_write, s_binmode;
 static ID s_encoding_short, s_ruby2_keywords_flag;
+#define s_encoding_long rb_id_encoding()
 
 #define name_s_dump	"_dump"
 #define name_s_load	"_load"
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ static ID s_encoding_short, s_ruby2_keywords_flag;
 #define name_s_write	"write"
 #define name_s_binmode	"binmode"
 #define name_s_encoding_short "E"
+#define name_s_encoding_long "encoding"
 #define name_s_ruby2_keywords_flag "K"
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -142,12 +146,14 @@ rb_marshal_define_compat(VALUE newclass, VALUE oldclass, VALUE (*dumper)(VALUE),
 
     compat_allocator_table();
     compat = ALLOC(marshal_compat_t);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(compat_allocator_tbl_wrapper, &compat->newclass, newclass);
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(compat_allocator_tbl_wrapper, &compat->oldclass, oldclass);
+    compat->newclass = newclass;
+    compat->oldclass = oldclass;
     compat->dumper = dumper;
     compat->loader = loader;
 
     st_insert(compat_allocator_table(), (st_data_t)allocator, (st_data_t)compat);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(compat_allocator_tbl_wrapper, Qundef, newclass);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(compat_allocator_tbl_wrapper, Qundef, oldclass);
 }
 
 struct dump_arg {
@@ -156,6 +162,7 @@ struct dump_arg {
     st_table *data;
     st_table *compat_tbl;
     st_table *encodings;
+    st_table *userdefs;
     st_index_t num_entries;
 };
 
@@ -204,6 +211,7 @@ mark_dump_arg(void *ptr)
     rb_mark_set(p->symbols);
     rb_mark_set(p->data);
     rb_mark_hash(p->compat_tbl);
+    rb_mark_set(p->userdefs);
     rb_gc_mark(p->str);
 }
 
@@ -221,6 +229,7 @@ memsize_dump_arg(const void *ptr)
     if (p->symbols) memsize += rb_st_memsize(p->symbols);
     if (p->data) memsize += rb_st_memsize(p->data);
     if (p->compat_tbl) memsize += rb_st_memsize(p->compat_tbl);
+    if (p->userdefs) memsize += rb_st_memsize(p->userdefs);
     if (p->encodings) memsize += rb_st_memsize(p->encodings);
     return memsize;
 }
@@ -454,6 +463,31 @@ w_float(double d, struct dump_arg *arg)
     }
 }
 
+
+static VALUE
+w_encivar(VALUE str, struct dump_arg *arg)
+{
+    VALUE encname = encoding_name(str, arg);
+    if (NIL_P(encname) ||
+        is_ascii_string(str)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    w_byte(TYPE_IVAR, arg);
+    return encname;
+}
+
+static void
+w_encname(VALUE encname, struct dump_arg *arg)
+{
+    if (!NIL_P(encname)) {
+        struct dump_call_arg c_arg;
+        c_arg.limit = 1;
+        c_arg.arg = arg;
+        w_long(1L, arg);
+        w_encoding(encname, &c_arg);
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 w_symbol(VALUE sym, struct dump_arg *arg)
 {
@@ -470,24 +504,11 @@ w_symbol(VALUE sym, struct dump_arg *arg)
         if (!sym) {
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't dump anonymous ID %"PRIdVALUE, sym);
         }
-        encname = encoding_name(sym, arg);
-        if (NIL_P(encname) ||
-            is_ascii_string(sym)) {
-            encname = Qnil;
-        }
-        else {
-            w_byte(TYPE_IVAR, arg);
-        }
+        encname = w_encivar(sym, arg);
         w_byte(TYPE_SYMBOL, arg);
         w_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(sym), RSTRING_LEN(sym), arg);
         st_add_direct(arg->symbols, orig_sym, arg->symbols->num_entries);
-        if (!NIL_P(encname)) {
-            struct dump_call_arg c_arg;
-            c_arg.limit = 1;
-            c_arg.arg = arg;
-            w_long(1L, arg);
-            w_encoding(encname, &c_arg);
-        }
+        w_encname(encname, arg);
     }
 }
 
@@ -525,7 +546,7 @@ w_extended(VALUE klass, struct dump_arg *arg, int check)
         klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
     }
     while (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass) == T_ICLASS) {
-        if (!FL_TEST(klass, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN) ||
+        if (!RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN_P(klass) ||
                 BUILTIN_TYPE(RBASIC(klass)->klass) != T_MODULE) {
             VALUE path = rb_class_name(RBASIC(klass)->klass);
             w_byte(TYPE_EXTENDED, arg);
@@ -578,13 +599,21 @@ rb_hash_ruby2_keywords(VALUE obj)
     RHASH(obj)->basic.flags |= RHASH_PASS_AS_KEYWORDS;
 }
 
-static inline bool
-to_be_skipped_id(const ID id)
+/*
+ * if instance variable name `id` is a special name to be skipped,
+ * returns the name of it.  otherwise it cannot be dumped (unnamed),
+ * returns `name` as-is.  returns NULL for ID that can be dumped.
+ */
+static inline const char *
+skipping_ivar_name(const ID id, const char *name)
 {
-    if (id == s_encoding_short) return true;
-    if (id == s_ruby2_keywords_flag) return true;
-    if (id == rb_id_encoding()) return true;
-    return !rb_id2str(id);
+#define IS_SKIPPED_IVAR(idname) \
+    ((id == idname) && (name = name_##idname, true))
+    if (IS_SKIPPED_IVAR(s_encoding_short)) return name;
+    if (IS_SKIPPED_IVAR(s_ruby2_keywords_flag)) return name;
+    if (IS_SKIPPED_IVAR(s_encoding_long)) return name;
+    if (!rb_id2str(id)) return name;
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 struct w_ivar_arg {
@@ -597,15 +626,12 @@ w_obj_each(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a)
 {
     struct w_ivar_arg *ivarg = (struct w_ivar_arg *)a;
     struct dump_call_arg *arg = ivarg->dump;
+    const char unnamed[] = "", *ivname = skipping_ivar_name(id, unnamed);
 
-    if (to_be_skipped_id(id)) {
-        if (id == s_encoding_short) {
-            rb_warn("instance variable '"name_s_encoding_short"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
-                    CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
-        }
-        if (id == s_ruby2_keywords_flag) {
-            rb_warn("instance variable '"name_s_ruby2_keywords_flag"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
-                    CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
+    if (ivname) {
+        if (ivname != unnamed) {
+            rb_warn("instance variable '%s' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
+                    ivname, CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
         }
         return ST_CONTINUE;
     }
@@ -618,7 +644,7 @@ w_obj_each(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a)
 static int
 obj_count_ivars(ID id, VALUE val, st_data_t a)
 {
-    if (!to_be_skipped_id(id) && UNLIKELY(!++*(st_index_t *)a)) {
+    if (!skipping_ivar_name(id, "") && UNLIKELY(!++*(st_index_t *)a)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "too many instance variables");
     }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
@@ -702,28 +728,9 @@ has_ivars(VALUE obj, VALUE encname, VALUE *ivobj)
 static void
 w_ivar_each(VALUE obj, st_index_t num, struct dump_call_arg *arg)
 {
-    shape_id_t shape_id = rb_shape_get_shape_id(arg->obj);
     struct w_ivar_arg ivarg = {arg, num};
     if (!num) return;
-    rb_ivar_foreach(obj, w_obj_each, (st_data_t)&ivarg);
-
-    if (shape_id != rb_shape_get_shape_id(arg->obj)) {
-        rb_shape_t * expected_shape = rb_shape_get_shape_by_id(shape_id);
-        rb_shape_t * actual_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(arg->obj);
-
-        // If the shape tree got _shorter_ then we probably removed an IV
-        // If the shape tree got longer, then we probably added an IV.
-        // The exception message might not be accurate when someone adds and
-        // removes the same number of IVs, but they will still get an exception
-        if (rb_shape_depth(expected_shape) > rb_shape_depth(actual_shape)) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "instance variable removed from %"PRIsVALUE" instance",
-                    CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
-        }
-        else {
-            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "instance variable added to %"PRIsVALUE" instance",
-                    CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
-        }
-    }
+    rb_ivar_foreach_buffered(obj, w_obj_each, (st_data_t)&ivarg);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -887,6 +894,9 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
             st_index_t hasiv2;
             VALUE encname2;
 
+            if (arg->userdefs && st_is_member(arg->userdefs, (st_data_t)obj)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't dump recursive object using _dump()");
+            }
             v = INT2NUM(limit);
             v = dump_funcall(arg, obj, s_dump, 1, &v);
             if (!RB_TYPE_P(v, T_STRING)) {
@@ -903,7 +913,13 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
             w_class(TYPE_USERDEF, obj, arg, FALSE);
             w_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(v), RSTRING_LEN(v), arg);
             if (hasiv) {
+                st_data_t userdefs = (st_data_t)obj;
+                if (!arg->userdefs) {
+                    arg->userdefs = rb_init_identtable();
+                }
+                st_add_direct(arg->userdefs, userdefs, 0);
                 w_ivar(hasiv, ivobj, encname, &c_arg);
+                st_delete(arg->userdefs, &userdefs, NULL);
             }
             w_remember(obj, arg);
             return;
@@ -914,8 +930,9 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
         hasiv = has_ivars(obj, (encname = encoding_name(obj, arg)), &ivobj);
         {
             st_data_t compat_data;
-            rb_alloc_func_t allocator = rb_get_alloc_func(RBASIC(obj)->klass);
-            if (st_lookup(compat_allocator_tbl,
+            VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
+            rb_alloc_func_t allocator = RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass) ? 0 : rb_get_alloc_func(klass);
+            if (allocator && st_lookup(compat_allocator_tbl,
                           (st_data_t)allocator,
                           &compat_data)) {
                 marshal_compat_t *compat = (marshal_compat_t*)compat_data;
@@ -935,19 +952,23 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
             if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
                 rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "singleton class can't be dumped");
             }
-            w_byte(TYPE_CLASS, arg);
             {
                 VALUE path = class2path(obj);
+                VALUE encname = w_encivar(path, arg);
+                w_byte(TYPE_CLASS, arg);
                 w_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(path), RSTRING_LEN(path), arg);
+                w_encname(encname, arg);
                 RB_GC_GUARD(path);
             }
             break;
 
           case T_MODULE:
-            w_byte(TYPE_MODULE, arg);
             {
                 VALUE path = class2path(obj);
+                VALUE encname = w_encivar(path, arg);
+                w_byte(TYPE_MODULE, arg);
                 w_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(path), RSTRING_LEN(path), arg);
+                w_encname(encname, arg);
                 RB_GC_GUARD(path);
             }
             break;
@@ -1048,7 +1069,7 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
           case T_STRUCT:
             w_class(TYPE_STRUCT, obj, arg, TRUE);
             {
-                long len = RSTRUCT_LEN(obj);
+                long len = RSTRUCT_LEN_RAW(obj);
                 VALUE mem;
                 long i;
 
@@ -1056,7 +1077,7 @@ w_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_arg *arg, int limit)
                 mem = rb_struct_members(obj);
                 for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
                     w_symbol(RARRAY_AREF(mem, i), arg);
-                    w_object(RSTRUCT_GET(obj, i), arg, limit);
+                    w_object(RSTRUCT_GET_RAW(obj, i), arg, limit);
                 }
             }
             break;
@@ -1110,6 +1131,10 @@ clear_dump_arg(struct dump_arg *arg)
         st_free_table(arg->encodings);
         arg->encodings = 0;
     }
+    if (arg->userdefs) {
+        st_free_table(arg->userdefs);
+        arg->userdefs = 0;
+    }
 }
 
 NORETURN(static inline void io_needed(void));
@@ -1149,7 +1174,7 @@ io_needed(void)
  * * anonymous Class/Module.
  * * objects which are related to system (ex: Dir, File::Stat, IO, File, Socket
  *   and so on)
- * * an instance of MatchData, Data, Method, UnboundMethod, Proc, Thread,
+ * * an instance of MatchData, Method, UnboundMethod, Proc, Thread,
  *   ThreadGroup, Continuation
  * * objects which define singleton methods
  */
@@ -1187,6 +1212,7 @@ rb_marshal_dump_limited(VALUE obj, VALUE port, int limit)
     arg->num_entries = 0;
     arg->compat_tbl = 0;
     arg->encodings = 0;
+    arg->userdefs = 0;
     arg->str = rb_str_buf_new(0);
     if (!NIL_P(port)) {
         if (!rb_respond_to(port, s_write)) {
@@ -1216,6 +1242,7 @@ rb_marshal_dump_limited(VALUE obj, VALUE port, int limit)
 struct load_arg {
     VALUE src;
     char *buf;
+    long bufsize;
     long buflen;
     long readable;
     long offset;
@@ -1301,15 +1328,23 @@ static unsigned char
 r_byte1_buffered(struct load_arg *arg)
 {
     if (arg->buflen == 0) {
-        long readable = arg->readable < BUFSIZ ? arg->readable : BUFSIZ;
+        long readable = arg->readable < arg->bufsize ? arg->readable : arg->bufsize;
+        long read_len;
         VALUE str, n = LONG2NUM(readable);
 
         str = load_funcall(arg, arg->src, s_read, 1, &n);
         if (NIL_P(str)) too_short();
         StringValue(str);
-        memcpy(arg->buf, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+        read_len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+        if (UNLIKELY(read_len < readable)) too_short();
+        if (UNLIKELY(read_len > arg->bufsize)) {
+            arg->buf = ruby_sized_realloc_n(arg->buf, read_len, 1, arg->bufsize);
+            arg->bufsize = read_len;
+        }
+        memcpy(arg->buf, RSTRING_PTR(str), read_len);
         arg->offset = 0;
-        arg->buflen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+        arg->buflen = read_len;
+        RB_GC_GUARD(str);
     }
     arg->buflen--;
     return arg->buf[arg->offset++];
@@ -1387,7 +1422,7 @@ long
 ruby_marshal_read_long(const char **buf, long len)
 {
     long x;
-    struct RString src;
+    struct RString src = {RBASIC_INIT};
     struct load_arg arg;
     memset(&arg, 0, sizeof(arg));
     arg.src = rb_setup_fake_str(&src, *buf, len, 0);
@@ -1396,6 +1431,18 @@ ruby_marshal_read_long(const char **buf, long len)
     return x;
 }
 
+static long
+r_keep_readable(struct load_arg *arg, long len, size_t size)
+{
+    if (UNLIKELY(len < 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative length");
+    }
+    if (UNLIKELY((unsigned long)len > SIZE_MAX / size || arg->readable >= LONG_MAX - len)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "marshaled data too big");
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 r_bytes1(long len, struct load_arg *arg)
 {
@@ -1425,7 +1472,7 @@ r_bytes1_buffered(long len, struct load_arg *arg)
         long tmp_len, read_len, need_len = len - buflen;
         VALUE tmp, n;
 
-        readable = readable < BUFSIZ ? readable : BUFSIZ;
+        readable = readable < arg->bufsize ? readable : arg->bufsize;
         read_len = need_len > readable ? need_len : readable;
         n = LONG2NUM(read_len);
         tmp = load_funcall(arg, arg->src, s_read, 1, &n);
@@ -1491,7 +1538,7 @@ name_equal(const char *name, size_t nlen, const char *p, long l)
 static int
 sym2encidx(VALUE sym, VALUE val)
 {
-    static const char name_encoding[8] = "encoding";
+    RBIMPL_ATTR_NONSTRING() static const char name_encoding[8] = "encoding";
     const char *p;
     long l;
     if (rb_enc_get_index(sym) != ENCINDEX_US_ASCII) return -1;
@@ -1684,6 +1731,37 @@ r_copy_ivar(VALUE v, VALUE data)
                  "can't override instance variable of "type" '%"PRIsVALUE"'", \
                  (str))
 
+static int
+r_ivar_encoding(VALUE obj, struct load_arg *arg, VALUE sym, VALUE val)
+{
+    int idx = sym2encidx(sym, val);
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+        if (rb_enc_capable(obj)) {
+            // Check if needed to avoid rb_check_frozen() check for Regexps
+            if (rb_enc_get_index(obj) != idx) {
+                rb_enc_associate_index(obj, idx);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%"PRIsVALUE" is not enc_capable", obj);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static long
+r_encname(VALUE obj, struct load_arg *arg)
+{
+    long len = r_long(arg);
+    if (len > 0) {
+        VALUE sym = r_symbol(arg);
+        VALUE val = r_object(arg);
+        len -= r_ivar_encoding(obj, arg, sym, val);
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
 static void
 r_ivar(VALUE obj, int *has_encoding, struct load_arg *arg)
 {
@@ -1700,14 +1778,7 @@ r_ivar(VALUE obj, int *has_encoding, struct load_arg *arg)
         do {
             VALUE sym = r_symbol(arg);
             VALUE val = r_object(arg);
-            int idx = sym2encidx(sym, val);
-            if (idx >= 0) {
-                if (rb_enc_capable(obj)) {
-                    rb_enc_associate_index(obj, idx);
-                }
-                else {
-                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%"PRIsVALUE" is not enc_capable", obj);
-                }
+            if (r_ivar_encoding(obj, arg, sym, val)) {
                 if (has_encoding) *has_encoding = TRUE;
             }
             else if (symname_equal_lit(sym, name_s_ruby2_keywords_flag)) {
@@ -1792,17 +1863,17 @@ append_extmod(VALUE obj, VALUE extmod)
         override_ivar_error(type, str); \
     } while (0)
 
-static VALUE r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int type);
+static VALUE r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE klass, VALUE extmod, int type);
 
 static VALUE
 r_object0(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod)
 {
     int type = r_byte(arg);
-    return r_object_for(arg, partial, ivp, extmod, type);
+    return r_object_for(arg, partial, ivp, 0, extmod, type);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int type)
+r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE klass, VALUE extmod, int type)
 {
     VALUE (*hash_new_with_size)(st_index_t) = rb_hash_new_with_size;
     VALUE v = Qnil;
@@ -1817,6 +1888,9 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
         }
         v = (VALUE)link;
         if (!st_lookup(arg->partial_objects, (st_data_t)v, &link)) {
+            if (arg->freeze && RB_TYPE_P(v, T_STRING)) {
+                v = rb_str_to_interned_str(v);
+            }
             v = r_post_proc(v, arg);
         }
         break;
@@ -1875,12 +1949,12 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
             }
             type = r_byte(arg);
             if ((c == rb_cHash) &&
-                /* Hack for compare_by_identify */
+                /* Hack for compare_by_identity */
                 (type == TYPE_HASH || type == TYPE_HASH_DEF)) {
                 hash_new_with_size = rb_ident_hash_new_with_size;
                 goto type_hash;
             }
-            v = r_object_for(arg, partial, 0, extmod, type);
+            v = r_object_for(arg, partial, 0, c, extmod, type);
             if (RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P(v) || RB_TYPE_P(v, T_OBJECT) || RB_TYPE_P(v, T_CLASS)) {
                 goto format_error;
             }
@@ -1952,7 +2026,10 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
             int sign;
 
             sign = r_byte(arg);
-            len = r_long(arg);
+            if (sign != '+' && sign != '-') {
+                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid Bignum sign");
+            }
+            len = r_keep_readable(arg, r_long(arg), 2);
 
             if (SIZEOF_VALUE >= 8 && len <= 4) {
                 // Representable within uintptr, likely FIXNUM
@@ -2017,7 +2094,10 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
                 }
                 rb_str_set_len(str, dst - ptr);
             }
-            VALUE regexp = rb_reg_new_str(str, options);
+            if (!klass) {
+                klass = rb_cRegexp;
+            }
+            VALUE regexp = rb_reg_init_str(rb_reg_s_alloc(klass), str, options);
             r_copy_ivar(regexp, str);
 
             v = r_entry0(regexp, idx, arg);
@@ -2027,7 +2107,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
 
       case TYPE_ARRAY:
         {
-            long len = r_long(arg);
+            long len = r_keep_readable(arg, r_long(arg), 1);
 
             v = rb_ary_new2(len);
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
@@ -2045,7 +2125,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
       case TYPE_HASH_DEF:
       type_hash:
         {
-            long len = r_long(arg);
+            long len = r_keep_readable(arg, r_long(arg), 2);
 
             v = hash_new_with_size(len);
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
@@ -2071,7 +2151,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
             VALUE slot;
             st_index_t idx = r_prepare(arg);
             VALUE klass = path2class(r_unique(arg));
-            long len = r_long(arg);
+            long len = r_keep_readable(arg, r_long(arg), 2);
 
             v = rb_obj_alloc(klass);
             if (!RB_TYPE_P(v, T_STRUCT)) {
@@ -2231,6 +2311,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
         {
             VALUE str = r_bytes(arg);
 
+            if (ivp && *ivp > 0) *ivp = r_encname(str, arg) > 0;
             v = path2class(str);
             prohibit_ivar("class", str);
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
@@ -2242,6 +2323,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
         {
             VALUE str = r_bytes(arg);
 
+            if (ivp && *ivp > 0) *ivp = r_encname(str, arg) > 0;
             v = path2module(str);
             prohibit_ivar("module", str);
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
@@ -2286,8 +2368,9 @@ r_object(struct load_arg *arg)
 static void
 clear_load_arg(struct load_arg *arg)
 {
-    xfree(arg->buf);
+    ruby_xfree_sized(arg->buf, arg->bufsize);
     arg->buf = NULL;
+    arg->bufsize = 0;
     arg->buflen = 0;
     arg->offset = 0;
     arg->readable = 0;
@@ -2333,10 +2416,14 @@ rb_marshal_load_with_proc(VALUE port, VALUE proc, bool freeze)
     arg->readable = 0;
     arg->freeze = freeze;
 
-    if (NIL_P(v))
+    if (NIL_P(v)) {
+        arg->bufsize = BUFSIZ;
         arg->buf = xmalloc(BUFSIZ);
-    else
+    }
+    else {
+        arg->bufsize = 0;
         arg->buf = 0;
+    }
 
     major = r_byte(arg);
     minor = r_byte(arg);
@@ -2508,25 +2595,25 @@ Init_marshal(void)
 }
 
 static int
-marshal_compat_table_mark_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t _)
+marshal_compat_table_mark_and_move_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t _)
 {
     marshal_compat_t *p = (marshal_compat_t *)value;
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(p->newclass);
-    rb_gc_mark_movable(p->oldclass);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->newclass);
+    rb_gc_mark_and_move(&p->oldclass);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static void
-marshal_compat_table_mark(void *tbl)
+marshal_compat_table_mark_and_move(void *tbl)
 {
     if (!tbl) return;
-    st_foreach(tbl, marshal_compat_table_mark_i, 0);
+    st_foreach(tbl, marshal_compat_table_mark_and_move_i, 0);
 }
 
 static int
 marshal_compat_table_free_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t _)
 {
-    xfree((marshal_compat_t *)value);
+    SIZED_FREE((marshal_compat_t *)value);
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -2543,29 +2630,13 @@ marshal_compat_table_memsize(const void *data)
     return st_memsize(data) + sizeof(marshal_compat_t) * st_table_size(data);
 }
 
-static int
-marshal_compat_table_compact_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t _)
-{
-    marshal_compat_t *p = (marshal_compat_t *)value;
-    p->newclass = rb_gc_location(p->newclass);
-    p->oldclass = rb_gc_location(p->oldclass);
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-static void
-marshal_compat_table_compact(void *tbl)
-{
-    if (!tbl) return;
-    st_foreach(tbl, marshal_compat_table_compact_i, 0);
-}
-
 static const rb_data_type_t marshal_compat_type = {
     .wrap_struct_name = "marshal_compat_table",
     .function = {
-        .dmark = marshal_compat_table_mark,
+        .dmark = marshal_compat_table_mark_and_move,
         .dfree = marshal_compat_table_free,
         .dsize = marshal_compat_table_memsize,
-        .dcompact = marshal_compat_table_compact,
+        .dcompact = marshal_compat_table_mark_and_move,
     },
     .flags = RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
 };
diff --git a/math.c b/math.c
index 2394fe9f58..852620da20 100644
--- a/math.c
+++ b/math.c
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 # define _USE_MATH_DEFINES 1
 #endif
 
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <float.h>
 #include <math.h>
 
@@ -458,6 +457,34 @@ math_exp(VALUE unused_obj, VALUE x)
     return DBL2NUM(exp(Get_Double(x)));
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Math.expm1(x) -> float
+ *
+ *  Returns "exp(x) - 1", +e+ raised to the +x+ power, minus 1.
+ *
+ *
+ *  - Domain: <tt>[-INFINITY, INFINITY]</tt>.
+ *  - Range: <tt>[-1.0, INFINITY]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *    expm1(-INFINITY) # => 0.0
+ *    expm1(-1.0)      # => -0.6321205588285577 # 1.0/E - 1
+ *    expm1(0.0)       # => 0.0
+ *    expm1(0.5)       # => 0.6487212707001282  # sqrt(E) - 1
+ *    expm1(1.0)       # => 1.718281828459045   # E - 1
+ *    expm1(2.0)       # => 6.38905609893065    # E**2 - 1
+ *    expm1(INFINITY)  # => Infinity
+ *
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+math_expm1(VALUE unused_obj, VALUE x)
+{
+    return DBL2NUM(expm1(Get_Double(x)));
+}
+
 #if defined __CYGWIN__
 # include <cygwin/version.h>
 # if CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MAJOR < 1005
@@ -647,6 +674,47 @@ math_log10(VALUE unused_obj, VALUE x)
     return DBL2NUM(log10(d) + numbits * log10(2)); /* log10(d * 2 ** numbits) */
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Math.log1p(x) -> float
+ *
+ *  Returns "log(x + 1)", the base E {logarithm}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm] of (+x+ + 1).
+ *
+ *  - Domain: <tt>[-1, INFINITY]</tt>.
+ *  - Range: <tt>[-INFINITY, INFINITY]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *    log1p(-1.0)     # => -Infinity
+ *    log1p(0.0)      # => 0.0
+ *    log1p(E - 1)    # => 1.0
+ *    log1p(INFINITY) # => Infinity
+ *
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+math_log1p(VALUE unused_obj, VALUE x)
+{
+    size_t numbits;
+    double d = get_double_rshift(x, &numbits);
+
+    if (numbits != 0) {
+        x = rb_big_plus(x, INT2FIX(1));
+        d = math_log_split(x, &numbits);
+        /* check for pole error */
+        if (d == 0.0) return DBL2NUM(-HUGE_VAL);
+        d = log(d);
+        d += numbits * M_LN2;
+        return DBL2NUM(d);
+    }
+
+    domain_check_min(d, -1.0, "log1p");
+    /* check for pole error */
+    if (d == -1.0) return DBL2NUM(-HUGE_VAL);
+
+    return DBL2NUM(log1p(d)); /* log10(d * 2 ** numbits) */
+}
+
 static VALUE rb_math_sqrt(VALUE x);
 
 /*
@@ -986,7 +1054,7 @@ math_gamma(VALUE unused_obj, VALUE x)
  *
  *    [Math.log(Math.gamma(x).abs), Math.gamma(x) < 0 ? -1 : 1]
  *
- *  See {logarithmic gamma function}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function#The_log-gamma_function].
+ *  See {log gamma function}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function#Log-gamma_function].
  *
  *  - Domain: <tt>(-INFINITY, INFINITY]</tt>.
  *  - Range of first element: <tt>(-INFINITY, INFINITY]</tt>.
@@ -1121,9 +1189,11 @@ InitVM_Math(void)
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "atanh", math_atanh, 1);
 
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "exp", math_exp, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "expm1", math_expm1, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "log", math_log, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "log2", math_log2, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "log10", math_log10, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "log1p", math_log1p, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "sqrt", math_sqrt, 1);
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mMath, "cbrt", math_cbrt, 1);
 
diff --git a/memory_view.c b/memory_view.c
index 519aad2ca1..2de756d681 100644
--- a/memory_view.c
+++ b/memory_view.c
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ exported_object_registry_mark(void *ptr)
 static void
 exported_object_registry_free(void *ptr)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
-    st_clear(exported_object_table);
-    st_free_table(exported_object_table);
-    exported_object_table = NULL;
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        st_clear(exported_object_table);
+        st_free_table(exported_object_table);
+        exported_object_table = NULL;
+    }
 }
 
 const rb_data_type_t rb_memory_view_exported_object_registry_data_type = {
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const rb_data_type_t rb_memory_view_exported_object_registry_data_type = {
         exported_object_registry_free,
         0,
     },
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
 static int
@@ -99,18 +99,19 @@ exported_object_dec_ref(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int exist
 static void
 register_exported_object(VALUE obj)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
-    st_update(exported_object_table, (st_data_t)obj, exported_object_add_ref, 0);
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        st_update(exported_object_table, (st_data_t)obj, exported_object_add_ref, 0);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(rb_memory_view_exported_object_registry, Qundef, obj);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
 unregister_exported_object(VALUE obj)
 {
-    RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
-    if (exported_object_table)
-        st_update(exported_object_table, (st_data_t)obj, exported_object_dec_ref, 0);
-    RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
+    RB_VM_LOCKING() {
+        if (exported_object_table)
+            st_update(exported_object_table, (st_data_t)obj, exported_object_dec_ref, 0);
+    }
 }
 
 // MemoryView
@@ -845,7 +846,7 @@ rb_memory_view_release(rb_memory_view_t* view)
         if (rv) {
             unregister_exported_object(view->obj);
             view->obj = Qnil;
-            xfree((void *)view->item_desc.components);
+            SIZED_FREE_N((rb_memory_view_item_component_t *)view->item_desc.components, view->item_desc.length);
         }
         return rv;
     }
diff --git a/method.h b/method.h
index 030c3cc3d1..fdbab41cf7 100644
--- a/method.h
+++ b/method.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "internal/imemo.h"
 #include "internal/compilers.h"
 #include "internal/static_assert.h"
+#include "ruby/atomic.h"
 
 #ifndef END_OF_ENUMERATION
 # if defined(__GNUC__) &&! defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
@@ -72,11 +73,18 @@ typedef struct rb_callable_method_entry_struct { /* same fields with rb_method_e
 #define METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(me)        ((me)->flags & IMEMO_FL_USER3)
 #define METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED_SET(me)    ((me)->flags |= IMEMO_FL_USER3)
 #define METHOD_ENTRY_CACHED(me)              ((me)->flags & IMEMO_FL_USER4)
-#define METHOD_ENTRY_CACHED_SET(me)          ((me)->flags |= IMEMO_FL_USER4)
 #define METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(me)         ((me)->flags & IMEMO_FL_USER5)
 #define METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED_SET(me)     ((me)->flags |= IMEMO_FL_USER5)
 
 static inline void
+METHOD_ENTRY_CACHED_SET(rb_callable_method_entry_t *me)
+{
+    if (!METHOD_ENTRY_CACHED(me)) {
+        me->flags |= IMEMO_FL_USER4;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
 METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET(rb_method_entry_t *me, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
 {
     VM_ASSERT((int)visi >= 0 && visi <= 3);
@@ -158,8 +166,8 @@ typedef struct rb_method_refined_struct {
 
 typedef struct rb_method_bmethod_struct {
     VALUE proc; /* should be marked */
-    struct rb_hook_list_struct *hooks;
-    VALUE defined_ractor;
+    rb_serial_t defined_ractor_id;
+    unsigned int local_hooks_cnt;
 } rb_method_bmethod_t;
 
 enum method_optimized_type {
@@ -181,7 +189,8 @@ struct rb_method_definition_struct {
     unsigned int iseq_overload: 1;
     unsigned int no_redef_warning: 1;
     unsigned int aliased : 1;
-    int reference_count : 28;
+
+    rb_atomic_t reference_count;
 
     union {
         rb_method_iseq_t iseq;
@@ -195,9 +204,12 @@ struct rb_method_definition_struct {
 
     ID original_id;
     uintptr_t method_serial;
+    const rb_box_t *box;
 };
 
 struct rb_id_table;
+struct rb_ractor_struct;
+struct rb_hook_list_struct;
 
 typedef struct rb_method_definition_struct rb_method_definition_t;
 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_method_def, offsetof(rb_method_definition_t, body) <= 8);
@@ -245,12 +257,19 @@ const rb_callable_method_entry_t *rb_method_entry_complement_defined_class(const
 void rb_method_entry_copy(rb_method_entry_t *dst, const rb_method_entry_t *src);
 
 void rb_method_table_insert(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, ID method_id, const rb_method_entry_t *me);
+void rb_method_table_insert0(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, ID method_id, const rb_method_entry_t *me, bool iclass_shared_mtbl);
 
 void rb_scope_visibility_set(rb_method_visibility_t);
 
 VALUE rb_unnamed_parameters(int arity);
 
+void rb_vm_insert_cc_refinement(const struct rb_callcache *cc);
+
 void rb_clear_method_cache(VALUE klass_or_module, ID mid);
 void rb_clear_all_refinement_method_cache(void);
+void rb_invalidate_method_caches(struct rb_id_table *cm_tbl, VALUE cc_tbl);
+struct rb_hook_list_struct *rb_method_def_local_hooks(rb_method_definition_t *def, struct rb_ractor_struct *cr, bool create);
+void rb_method_definition_addref(rb_method_definition_t *def);
+void rb_method_definition_release(rb_method_definition_t *def);
 
 #endif /* RUBY_METHOD_H */
diff --git a/mini_builtin.c b/mini_builtin.c
index adcb4f965f..75ea94d37d 100644
--- a/mini_builtin.c
+++ b/mini_builtin.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ prelude_ast_value(VALUE name, VALUE code, int line)
 static void
 pm_prelude_load(pm_parse_result_t *result, VALUE name, VALUE code, int line)
 {
-    pm_options_line_set(&result->options, line);
+    pm_parse_result_init(result);
+    pm_options_line_set(result->options, line);
     VALUE error = pm_parse_string(result, code, name, NULL);
 
     if (!NIL_P(error)) {
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ builtin_iseq_load(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *ta
     };
 
     if (rb_ruby_prism_p()) {
-        pm_parse_result_t result = { 0 };
+        pm_parse_result_t result;
         pm_prelude_load(&result, name_str, code, start_line);
 
         vm->builtin_function_table = table;
@@ -99,5 +101,18 @@ void
 rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table)
 {
     const rb_iseq_t *iseq = builtin_iseq_load(feature_name, table);
-    rb_iseq_eval(iseq);
+    rb_iseq_eval(iseq, rb_root_box());
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_define_gem_modules(VALUE _a, VALUE _b)
+{
+    // do nothing - moniruby doesn't load gem_prelude.rb.
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+void
+rb_load_gem_prelude(VALUE _)
+{
+    // do nothing - miniruby doesn't support loading RubyGems.
 }
diff --git a/misc/.vscode/settings.json b/misc/.vscode/settings.json
index c11838155e..a2e4e1ec69 100644
--- a/misc/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/misc/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -3,4 +3,8 @@
         "disasm",
     ],
     "rust-analyzer.cfg.setTest": false,
+    // rust-analyzer bundled in the VSCode extension may only support Rust newer than 1.85.0.
+    // To avoid warnings, install rust-analyzer with `rustup component add rust-analyzer` and
+    // use `~/.cargo/bin/rust-analyzer` with the following config.
+    "rust-analyzer.server.path": "rust-analyzer",
 }
diff --git a/misc/expand_tabs.rb b/misc/expand_tabs.rb
index a94eea5046..d26568eefc 100755
--- a/misc/expand_tabs.rb
+++ b/misc/expand_tabs.rb
@@ -59,53 +59,31 @@ class Git
 end
 
 DEFAULT_GEM_LIBS = %w[
-  abbrev
-  base64
-  benchmark
   bundler
-  cmath
-  csv
-  debug
   delegate
   did_you_mean
-  drb
   english
   erb
+  error_highlight
   fileutils
   find
   forwardable
-  getoptlong
   ipaddr
-  irb
-  logger
-  mutex_m
   net-http
   net-protocol
-  observer
   open3
   open-uri
   optparse
   ostruct
   pp
   prettyprint
-  prime
-  pstore
-  rdoc
-  readline
-  reline
+  prism
   resolv
-  resolv-replace
-  rexml
-  rinda
-  rss
   rubygems
-  scanf
   securerandom
-  set
   shellwords
   singleton
   tempfile
-  thwait
   time
   timeout
   tmpdir
@@ -117,27 +95,19 @@ DEFAULT_GEM_LIBS = %w[
 ]
 
 DEFAULT_GEM_EXTS = %w[
-  bigdecimal
-  cgi
   date
   digest
   etc
   fcntl
-  fiddle
   io-console
   io-nonblock
   io-wait
   json
-  nkf
   openssl
   pathname
   psych
-  racc
-  readline-ext
   stringio
   strscan
-  syslog
-  win32ole
   zlib
 ]
 
diff --git a/misc/jit_perf.py b/misc/jit_perf.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..bc0f961b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/jit_perf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+import os.path
+
+# Aggregating cycles per symbol and dso
+total_cycles = 0
+category_cycles = Counter()
+detailed_category_cycles = defaultdict(Counter)
+categories = set()
+
+def truncate_symbol(symbol, max_length=50):
+    """ Truncate the symbol name to a maximum length """
+    return symbol if len(symbol) <= max_length else symbol[:max_length-3] + '...'
+
+def categorize_symbol(dso, symbol):
+    """ Categorize the symbol based on the defined criteria """
+    if dso == 'sqlite3_native.so':
+        return '[sqlite3]'
+    elif 'SHA256' in symbol:
+        return '[sha256]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('[JIT] gen_send'):
+        return '[JIT send]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('[JIT]') or symbol.startswith('ZJIT: ') or dso.startswith('perf-'):
+        return '[JIT code]'
+    elif '::' in symbol or symbol.startswith('_ZN4yjit') or symbol.startswith('_ZN4zjit'):
+        return '[JIT compile]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_vm_') or symbol.startswith('vm_') or symbol in {
+        "rb_call0", "callable_method_entry_or_negative", "invoke_block_from_c_bh",
+        "rb_funcallv_scope", "setup_parameters_complex", "rb_yield"}:
+        return '[interpreter]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_hash_') or symbol.startswith('hash_'):
+        return '[rb_hash_*]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_ary_') or symbol.startswith('ary_'):
+        return '[rb_ary_*]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_str_') or symbol.startswith('str_'):
+        return '[rb_str_*]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_sym') or symbol.startswith('sym_'):
+        return '[rb_sym_*]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_st_') or symbol.startswith('st_'):
+        return '[rb_st_*]'
+    elif symbol.startswith('rb_ivar_') or 'shape' in symbol:
+        return '[ivars]'
+    elif 'match' in symbol or symbol.startswith('rb_reg') or symbol.startswith('onig'):
+        return '[regexp]'
+    elif 'alloc' in symbol or 'free' in symbol or 'gc' in symbol:
+        return '[GC]'
+    elif 'pthread' in symbol and 'lock' in symbol:
+        return '[pthread lock]'
+    else:
+        return symbol  # Return the symbol itself for uncategorized symbols
+
+def process_event(event):
+    global total_cycles, category_cycles, detailed_category_cycles, categories
+
+    full_dso = event.get("dso", "Unknown_dso")
+    dso = os.path.basename(full_dso)
+    symbol = event.get("symbol", "[unknown]")
+    cycles = event["sample"]["period"]
+    total_cycles += cycles
+
+    category = categorize_symbol(dso, symbol)
+    category_cycles[category] += cycles
+    detailed_category_cycles[category][(dso, symbol)] += cycles
+
+    if category.startswith('[') and category.endswith(']'):
+        categories.add(category)
+
+def trace_end():
+    if total_cycles == 0:
+        return
+
+    print("Aggregated Event Data:")
+    print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20} {:>15}".format("[dso]", "[symbol or category]", "[top-most cycle ratio]", "[num cycles]"))
+
+    for category, cycles in category_cycles.most_common():
+        ratio = (cycles / total_cycles) * 100
+        dsos = {dso for dso, _ in detailed_category_cycles[category]}
+        dso_display = next(iter(dsos)) if len(dsos) == 1 else "Multiple DSOs"
+        print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20.2f}% {:>15}".format(dso_display, truncate_symbol(category), ratio, cycles))
+
+    # Category breakdown
+    for category in categories:
+        symbols = detailed_category_cycles[category]
+        category_total = sum(symbols.values())
+        category_ratio = (category_total / total_cycles) * 100
+        print(f"\nCategory: {category} ({category_ratio:.2f}%)")
+        print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20} {:>15}".format("[dso]", "[symbol]", "[top-most cycle ratio]", "[num cycles]"))
+        for (dso, symbol), cycles in symbols.most_common():
+            symbol_ratio = (cycles / category_total) * 100
+            print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20.2f}% {:>15}".format(dso, truncate_symbol(symbol), symbol_ratio, cycles))
+
+# There are two ways to use this script:
+# 1) perf script -s misc/yjit_perf.py                     -- native interface
+# 2) perf script > perf.txt && misc/yjit_perf.py perf.txt -- hack, which doesn't require perf with Python support
+#
+# In both cases, __name__ is "__main__". The following code implements (2) when sys.argv is 2.
+if __name__ == "__main__" and len(sys.argv) == 2:
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("Usage: yjit_perf.py <filename>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as file:
+        for line in file:
+            # [Example]
+            # ruby 78207 3482.848465: 1212775 cpu_core/cycles:P/: 5c0333f682e1 [JIT] getlocal_WC_0+0x0 (/tmp/perf-78207.map)
+            row = line.split(maxsplit=6)
+
+            period = row[3] # "1212775"
+            symbol, dso = row[6].rsplit(" (", 1) # "[JIT] getlocal_WC_0+0x0", "/tmp/perf-78207.map)\n"
+            symbol = symbol.split("+")[0] # "[JIT] getlocal_WC_0"
+            dso = dso.split(")")[0] # "/tmp/perf-78207.map"
+
+            process_event({"dso": dso, "symbol": symbol, "sample": {"period": int(period)}})
+    trace_end()
diff --git a/misc/lldb_cruby.py b/misc/lldb_cruby.py
index 0707bb42d3..b3d4fb509a 100755..100644
--- a/misc/lldb_cruby.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_cruby.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
 #coding: utf-8
 #
 # Usage: run `command script import -r misc/lldb_cruby.py` on LLDB
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ import sys
 import shlex
 import platform
 import glob
+import math
 
 from lldb_rb.constants import *
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class BackTrace:
         return self.VM_FRAME_MAGIC_NAME.get(frame_type, "(none)")
 
     def rb_iseq_path_str(self, iseq):
-        tRBasic = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RBasic").GetPointerType()
+        tRBasic = self.target.FindFirstType("::RBasic").GetPointerType()
 
         pathobj = iseq.GetValueForExpressionPath("->body->location.pathobj")
         pathobj = pathobj.Cast(tRBasic)
@@ -269,8 +269,7 @@ def lldb_inspect(debugger, target, result, val):
     elif num & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK:
         print('immediate(%x)' % num, file=result)
     else:
-        tRBasic = target.FindFirstType("struct RBasic").GetPointerType()
-        tRValue = target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
+        tRBasic = target.FindFirstType("::RBasic").GetPointerType()
 
         val = val.Cast(tRBasic)
         flags = val.GetValueForExpressionPath("->flags").GetValueAsUnsigned()
@@ -524,10 +523,11 @@ def rb_backtrace(debugger, command, result, internal_dict):
     bt.print_bt(val)
 
 def dump_bits(target, result, page, object_address, end = "\n"):
-    tRValue = target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
+    slot_size = page.GetChildMemberWithName("heap").GetChildMemberWithName("slot_size").unsigned
+    byte_size = 40 ** math.floor(math.log(slot_size, 40))
     tUintPtr = target.FindFirstType("uintptr_t") # bits_t
 
-    num_in_page = (object_address & HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK) // tRValue.GetByteSize();
+    num_in_page = (object_address & HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK) // byte_size;
     bits_bitlength = tUintPtr.GetByteSize() * 8
     bitmap_index = num_in_page // bits_bitlength
     bitmap_offset = num_in_page & (bits_bitlength - 1)
@@ -549,8 +549,7 @@ class HeapPageIter:
         self.num_slots = page.GetChildMemberWithName('total_slots').unsigned
         self.slot_size = page.GetChildMemberWithName('heap').GetChildMemberWithName('slot_size').unsigned
         self.counter = 0
-        self.tRBasic = target.FindFirstType("struct RBasic")
-        self.tRValue = target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
+        self.tRBasic = target.FindFirstType("::RBasic")
 
     def is_valid(self):
         heap_page_header_size = self.target.FindFirstType("struct heap_page_header").GetByteSize()
@@ -582,14 +581,13 @@ def dump_page_internal(page, target, process, thread, frame, result, debugger, h
 
     freelist = []
     fl_start = page.GetChildMemberWithName('freelist').GetValueAsUnsigned()
-    tRVALUE = target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
+    free_slot = target.FindFirstType("struct free_slot")
 
     while fl_start > 0:
         freelist.append(fl_start)
         obj_addr = lldb.SBAddress(fl_start, target)
-        obj = target.CreateValueFromAddress("object", obj_addr, tRVALUE)
-        fl_start = obj.GetChildMemberWithName("as").GetChildMemberWithName("free").GetChildMemberWithName("next").GetValueAsUnsigned()
-
+        obj = target.CreateValueFromAddress("object", obj_addr, free_slot)
+        fl_start = obj.GetChildMemberWithName("next").GetValueAsUnsigned()
 
     page_iter = HeapPageIter(page, target)
     if page_iter.is_valid():
diff --git a/misc/lldb_rb/commands/heap_page_command.py b/misc/lldb_rb/commands/heap_page_command.py
index b56a3eae4e..2eed3c3bee 100644
--- a/misc/lldb_rb/commands/heap_page_command.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_rb/commands/heap_page_command.py
@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ class HeapPageCommand(RbBaseCommand):
     help_string = "prints out 'struct heap_page' for a VALUE pointer in the page"
 
     def call(self, debugger, command, exe_ctx, result):
+        self.result = result
         self.t_heap_page_body = self.target.FindFirstType("struct heap_page_body")
         self.t_heap_page_ptr = self.target.FindFirstType("struct heap_page").GetPointerType()
 
         page = self._get_page(self.frame.EvaluateExpression(command))
         page.Cast(self.t_heap_page_ptr)
 
-        self._append_expression(debugger, "(struct heap_page *) %0#x" % page.GetValueAsUnsigned(), result)
-        self._append_expression(debugger, "*(struct heap_page *) %0#x" % page.GetValueAsUnsigned(), result)
+        self._append_expression("(struct heap_page *) %0#x" % page.GetValueAsUnsigned())
+        self._append_expression("*(struct heap_page *) %0#x" % page.GetValueAsUnsigned())
 
     def _get_page(self, val):
         addr = val.GetValueAsUnsigned()
diff --git a/misc/lldb_rb/commands/print_flags_command.py b/misc/lldb_rb/commands/print_flags_command.py
index 00da4834bf..bc494ae01a 100644
--- a/misc/lldb_rb/commands/print_flags_command.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_rb/commands/print_flags_command.py
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ class PrintFlagsCommand(RbBaseCommand):
 
     # call is where our command logic will be implemented
     def call(self, debugger, command, exe_ctx, result):
-        rclass_t = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RBasic")
+        rclass_t = self.target.FindFirstType("::RBasic")
         rcass_ptr = self.target.EvaluateExpression(command).Cast(rclass_t.GetPointerType())
         obj_flags = rcass_ptr.GetValueForExpressionPath("->flags").GetValueAsUnsigned()
 
         flags = [
-            "RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED", "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0", "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1", "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE",
-            "RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE", "RUBY_FL_EXIVAR", "RUBY_FL_FREEZE",
+            "RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED", "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED", "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE",
+            "RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE", "RUBY_FL_FREEZE",
             "RUBY_FL_USER0", "RUBY_FL_USER1", "RUBY_FL_USER2", "RUBY_FL_USER3", "RUBY_FL_USER4",
             "RUBY_FL_USER5", "RUBY_FL_USER6", "RUBY_FL_USER7", "RUBY_FL_USER8", "RUBY_FL_USER9",
             "RUBY_FL_USER10", "RUBY_FL_USER11", "RUBY_FL_USER12", "RUBY_FL_USER13", "RUBY_FL_USER14",
diff --git a/misc/lldb_rb/lldb_interface.py b/misc/lldb_rb/lldb_interface.py
index 785a54b3e3..25930b2e16 100644
--- a/misc/lldb_rb/lldb_interface.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_rb/lldb_interface.py
@@ -5,3 +5,14 @@ class LLDBInterface:
         self.process = self.target.GetProcess()
         self.thread = self.process.GetSelectedThread()
         self.frame = self.thread.GetSelectedFrame()
+
+    def _append_command_output(self, command):
+        output1 = self.result.GetOutput()
+        self.debugger.GetCommandInterpreter().HandleCommand(command, self.result)
+        output2 = self.result.GetOutput()
+        self.result.Clear()
+        self.result.write(output1)
+        self.result.write(output2)
+
+    def _append_expression(self, expression):
+        self._append_command_output("expression " + expression)
diff --git a/misc/lldb_rb/rb_heap_structs.py b/misc/lldb_rb/rb_heap_structs.py
index 86b38dbbbd..798b838080 100644
--- a/misc/lldb_rb/rb_heap_structs.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_rb/rb_heap_structs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import lldb
+import math
 from lldb_rb.lldb_interface import LLDBInterface
 from lldb_rb.constants import *
 
@@ -50,8 +51,7 @@ class RbObject(LLDBInterface):
         self.flUser9 = self.ruby_globals["RUBY_FL_USER9"]
         self.flUshift = self.ruby_globals["RUBY_FL_USHIFT"]
 
-        self.tRBasic = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RBasic").GetPointerType()
-        self.tRValue = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
+        self.tRBasic = self.target.FindFirstType("::RBasic").GetPointerType()
 
         self.val = ptr.Cast(self.tRBasic)
         self.page = HeapPage(self.debugger, self.val)
@@ -70,10 +70,12 @@ class RbObject(LLDBInterface):
             return ' '
 
     def dump_bits(self, result, end = "\n"):
-        tRValue = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RVALUE")
         tUintPtr = self.target.FindFirstType("uintptr_t") # bits_t
 
-        num_in_page = (self.val.GetValueAsUnsigned() & HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK) // tRValue.GetByteSize();
+        slot_size = self.page.to_heap_page_struct().GetChildMemberWithName("heap").GetChildMemberWithName("slot_size").unsigned
+        byte_size = 40 ** math.floor(math.log(slot_size, 40))
+
+        num_in_page = (self.val.GetValueAsUnsigned() & HEAP_PAGE_ALIGN_MASK) // byte_size;
         bits_bitlength = tUintPtr.GetByteSize() * 8
         bitmap_index = num_in_page // bits_bitlength
         bitmap_offset = num_in_page & (bits_bitlength - 1)
@@ -109,7 +111,14 @@ class RbObject(LLDBInterface):
             return False
 
     def as_type(self, type_name):
-        return self.val.Cast(self.tRValue.GetPointerType()).GetValueForExpressionPath("->as."+type_name)
+        if type_name == "array":
+            tRarray = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RArray")
+            return self.val.Cast(tRarray.GetPointerType())
+        elif type_name == "bignum":
+            tRbignum = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RBignum")
+            return self.val.Cast(tRbignum.GetPointerType())
+        else:
+            print("as_type is not implemented for:", type_name)
 
     def ary_ptr(self):
         rval = self.as_type("array")
diff --git a/misc/lldb_rb/utils.py b/misc/lldb_rb/utils.py
index a6bbd385cd..a2bcedc328 100644
--- a/misc/lldb_rb/utils.py
+++ b/misc/lldb_rb/utils.py
@@ -8,17 +8,6 @@ class RbInspector(LLDBInterface):
         self.result = result
         self.ruby_globals = ruby_globals
 
-    def _append_command_output(self, command):
-        output1 = self.result.GetOutput()
-        self.debugger.GetCommandInterpreter().HandleCommand(command, self.result)
-        output2 = self.result.GetOutput()
-        self.result.Clear()
-        self.result.write(output1)
-        self.result.write(output2)
-
-    def _append_expression(self, expression):
-        self._append_command_output("expression " + expression)
-
     def string2cstr(self, rstring):
         """Returns the pointer to the C-string in the given String object"""
         if rstring.TypeIsPointerType():
@@ -247,16 +236,20 @@ class RbInspector(LLDBInterface):
             elif rval.is_type("RUBY_T_DATA"):
                 tRTypedData = self.target.FindFirstType("struct RTypedData").GetPointerType()
                 val = val.Cast(tRTypedData)
-                flag = val.GetValueForExpressionPath("->typed_flag")
 
-                if flag.GetValueAsUnsigned() == 1:
-                    print("T_DATA: %s" %
-                          val.GetValueForExpressionPath("->type->wrap_struct_name"),
-                          file=self.result)
-                    self._append_expression("*(struct RTypedData *) %0#x" % val.GetValueAsUnsigned())
-                else:
-                    print("T_DATA:", file=self.result)
-                    self._append_expression("*(struct RData *) %0#x" % val.GetValueAsUnsigned())
+                type = val.GetValueForExpressionPath("->type").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+                embed = (type & 1)
+                if embed:
+                    flaginfo += "[EMBED] "
+                type = self.frame.EvaluateExpression("(rb_data_type_t *)%0#x" % (type & ~1))
+                print("T_DATA: %s%s" %
+                      (flaginfo, type.GetValueForExpressionPath("->wrap_struct_name")),
+                      file=self.result)
+                print("%s", type.Dereference(), file=self.result)
+                ptr = val.GetValueForExpressionPath("->data")
+                if embed:
+                    ptr = ptr.AddressOf()
+                self._append_expression("(void *)%0#x" % ptr.GetValueAsUnsigned())
 
             elif rval.is_type("RUBY_T_IMEMO"):
                 imemo_type = ((rval.flags >> self.ruby_globals["RUBY_FL_USHIFT"])
@@ -290,7 +283,7 @@ class RbInspector(LLDBInterface):
 
         # if val.GetType() != tRNode: does not work for unknown reason
 
-        if val.GetType().GetPointeeType().name != "NODE":
+        if val.GetType().GetPointeeType().GetCanonicalType().name != "RNode":
             return False
 
         rbNodeTypeMask = self.ruby_globals["RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK"]
diff --git a/misc/tsan_suppressions.txt b/misc/tsan_suppressions.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5492500e7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/tsan_suppressions.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# TSan: ThreadSanitizer
+# https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/threadsanitizersuppressions
+#
+# This file describes a number of places where TSAN detects problems in CRuby.
+# Many of these indicate bugs. Others are benign (ex. data races that can be
+# replaced with relaxed atomic loads)
+#
+# Usage:
+#   Configure with:
+#     ./configure cflags='-fsanitize=thread' CC=clang
+#   Build and run with:
+#     TSAN_OPTIONS="suppressions=$(pwd)/misc/tsan_suppressions.txt:die_after_fork=0"
+#
+# Other useful TSAN_OPTIONS:
+#   * halt_on_error=1
+#   * strip_path_prefix=$(pwd)/
+
+# Namespaces
+race_top:push_subclass_entry_to_list
+
+# sub_nounderflow includes non-atomic read, possibly other issue
+race:objspace_malloc_increase_body
+
+# Signals and ubf
+race:unregister_ubf_list
+
+# It's already crashing. We're doing our best
+signal:rb_vm_bugreport
+race:check_reserved_signal_
+
+race_top:rb_check_deadlock
+
+# vm->ractor.sched.grq_cnt++
+race_top:ractor_sched_enq
+race_top:ractor_sched_deq
+
+# Race between vm_remove_ractor writing ractor count and
+# native_thread_check_and_create_shared reading it during thread creation.
+# The write happens when a ractor thread exits, the read happens when
+# checking if new shared threads need to be created.
+race:vm_remove_ractor
+
+# th->sched.finished at end of co_start
+race_top:rb_thread_sched_mark_zombies
+
+# Races against timer thread setting th->sched.waiting_reason.flags
+race_top:thread_sched_wait_events
+
+# At thread start
+race_top:rb_ractor_set_current_ec_
+
+# TSan reports a lock-order-inversion between thread_sched_lock_ and this lock.
+# It's unclear if that can cause a deadlock since the lock is on self
+deadlock:ractor_lock_self
+
+# TSan reports a deadlock when reacquiring the this lock after a barrier, but
+# we know the other threads have been stopped
+deadlock:rb_ractor_sched_barrier_start
+
+# RVALUE_AGE_SET manipulates flag bits on objects which may be accessed in Ractors
+race_top:RVALUE_AGE_SET
+
+# Inline caches and call cache updates
+# Multiple threads can race when updating shared call caches during method lookups
+# and argument forwarding. These races involve reading/writing cd->cc fields.
+race_top:vm_cc_call_set
+race_top:vm_cc_class_check
+race_top:vm_search_cc
+race_top:vm_search_method_slowpath0
+race_top:rb_vm_opt_getconstant_path
+race_top:vm_ic_attr_index_set
+race:vm_ic_update
+race:vm_caller_setup_fwd_args
+
+# Race in shape_get_next where multiple threads simultaneously access and modify
+# RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT and RCLASS_VARIATION_COUNT fields in class objects.
+# One thread reads the field while another thread calls RCLASS_SET_MAX_IV_COUNT.
+# This happens during instance variable shape transitions in multi-threaded code.
+race:shape_get_next
+
+# Non-atomic reads/writes
+race:gccct_method_search
+
+# Ignore exit for now
+race:rb_ec_finalize
+race:rb_ec_cleanup
+
+# TSan doesn't work well post-fork, this raises errors when creating the new
+# timer thread
+race:after_fork_ruby
+
+# Sets objspace->flags.dont_incremental while writebarrier may be running
+race_top:objspace_each_exec
+race_top:objspace_each_objects_ensure
+
+# Non-atomic lazy initialized static variable
+race_top:rbimpl_intern_const
+
+# Setting def->aliased bitfield non-atomically
+race_top:method_definition_addref
+
+# Switching to setting up tracing. Likely other ractors should be stopped for this.
+race_top:encoded_iseq_trace_instrument
+race:rb_iseq_trace_set_all
+race:rb_tracepoint_enable
+
+# GC enable/disable flag modifications race with object allocation flag reads
+race_top:rb_gc_impl_gc_disable
+race_top:rb_gc_impl_gc_enable
diff --git a/misc/yjit_perf.py b/misc/yjit_perf.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 61434e5eb4..0000000000
--- a/misc/yjit_perf.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-import os
-import sys
-from collections import Counter, defaultdict
-import os.path
-
-# Aggregating cycles per symbol and dso
-total_cycles = 0
-category_cycles = Counter()
-detailed_category_cycles = defaultdict(Counter)
-categories = set()
-
-def truncate_symbol(symbol, max_length=50):
-    """ Truncate the symbol name to a maximum length """
-    return symbol if len(symbol) <= max_length else symbol[:max_length-3] + '...'
-
-def categorize_symbol(dso, symbol):
-    """ Categorize the symbol based on the defined criteria """
-    if dso == 'sqlite3_native.so':
-        return '[sqlite3]'
-    elif 'SHA256' in symbol:
-        return '[sha256]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('[JIT] gen_send'):
-        return '[JIT send]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('[JIT]'):
-        return '[JIT code]'
-    elif '::' in symbol or symbol.startswith('yjit::') or symbol.startswith('_ZN4yjit'):
-        return '[YJIT compile]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_vm_') or symbol.startswith('vm_') or symbol in {
-        "rb_call0", "callable_method_entry_or_negative", "invoke_block_from_c_bh",
-        "rb_funcallv_scope", "setup_parameters_complex", "rb_yield"}:
-        return '[interpreter]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_hash_') or symbol.startswith('hash_'):
-        return '[rb_hash_*]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_ary_') or symbol.startswith('ary_'):
-        return '[rb_ary_*]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_str_') or symbol.startswith('str_'):
-        return '[rb_str_*]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_sym') or symbol.startswith('sym_'):
-        return '[rb_sym_*]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_st_') or symbol.startswith('st_'):
-        return '[rb_st_*]'
-    elif symbol.startswith('rb_ivar_') or 'shape' in symbol:
-        return '[ivars]'
-    elif 'match' in symbol or symbol.startswith('rb_reg') or symbol.startswith('onig'):
-        return '[regexp]'
-    elif 'alloc' in symbol or 'free' in symbol or 'gc' in symbol:
-        return '[GC]'
-    elif 'pthread' in symbol and 'lock' in symbol:
-        return '[pthread lock]'
-    else:
-        return symbol  # Return the symbol itself for uncategorized symbols
-
-def process_event(event):
-    global total_cycles, category_cycles, detailed_category_cycles, categories
-
-    full_dso = event.get("dso", "Unknown_dso")
-    dso = os.path.basename(full_dso)
-    symbol = event.get("symbol", "[unknown]")
-    cycles = event["sample"]["period"]
-    total_cycles += cycles
-
-    category = categorize_symbol(dso, symbol)
-    category_cycles[category] += cycles
-    detailed_category_cycles[category][(dso, symbol)] += cycles
-
-    if category.startswith('[') and category.endswith(']'):
-        categories.add(category)
-
-def trace_end():
-    if total_cycles == 0:
-        return
-
-    print("Aggregated Event Data:")
-    print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20} {:>15}".format("[dso]", "[symbol or category]", "[top-most cycle ratio]", "[num cycles]"))
-
-    for category, cycles in category_cycles.most_common():
-        ratio = (cycles / total_cycles) * 100
-        dsos = {dso for dso, _ in detailed_category_cycles[category]}
-        dso_display = next(iter(dsos)) if len(dsos) == 1 else "Multiple DSOs"
-        print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20.2f}% {:>15}".format(dso_display, truncate_symbol(category), ratio, cycles))
-
-    # Category breakdown
-    for category in categories:
-        symbols = detailed_category_cycles[category]
-        category_total = sum(symbols.values())
-        category_ratio = (category_total / total_cycles) * 100
-        print(f"\nCategory: {category} ({category_ratio:.2f}%)")
-        print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20} {:>15}".format("[dso]", "[symbol]", "[top-most cycle ratio]", "[num cycles]"))
-        for (dso, symbol), cycles in symbols.most_common():
-            symbol_ratio = (cycles / category_total) * 100
-            print("{:<20} {:<50} {:>20.2f}% {:>15}".format(dso, truncate_symbol(symbol), symbol_ratio, cycles))
-
-# There are two ways to use this script:
-# 1) perf script -s misc/yjit_perf.py                     -- native interface
-# 2) perf script > perf.txt && misc/yjit_perf.py perf.txt -- hack, which doesn't require perf with Python support
-#
-# In both cases, __name__ is "__main__". The following code implements (2) when sys.argv is 2.
-if __name__ == "__main__" and len(sys.argv) == 2:
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("Usage: yjit_perf.py <filename>")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as file:
-        for line in file:
-            # [Example]
-            # ruby 78207 3482.848465: 1212775 cpu_core/cycles:P/: 5c0333f682e1 [JIT] getlocal_WC_0+0x0 (/tmp/perf-78207.map)
-            row = line.split(maxsplit=6)
-
-            period = row[3] # "1212775"
-            symbol, dso = row[6].split(" (") # "[JIT] getlocal_WC_0+0x0", "/tmp/perf-78207.map)\n"
-            symbol = symbol.split("+")[0] # "[JIT] getlocal_WC_0"
-            dso = dso.split(")")[0] # "/tmp/perf-78207.map"
-
-            process_event({"dso": dso, "symbol": symbol, "sample": {"period": int(period)}})
-    trace_end()
diff --git a/missing/dtoa.c b/missing/dtoa.c
index 477b212a1b..ba8cd46ebd 100644
--- a/missing/dtoa.c
+++ b/missing/dtoa.c
@@ -98,17 +98,6 @@
  *	if memory is available and otherwise does something you deem
  *	appropriate.  If MALLOC is undefined, malloc will be invoked
  *	directly -- and assumed always to succeed.
- * #define Omit_Private_Memory to omit logic (added Jan. 1998) for making
- *	memory allocations from a private pool of memory when possible.
- *	When used, the private pool is PRIVATE_MEM bytes long:  2304 bytes,
- *	unless #defined to be a different length.  This default length
- *	suffices to get rid of MALLOC calls except for unusual cases,
- *	such as decimal-to-binary conversion of a very long string of
- *	digits.  The longest string dtoa can return is about 751 bytes
- *	long.  For conversions by strtod of strings of 800 digits and
- *	all dtoa conversions in single-threaded executions with 8-byte
- *	pointers, PRIVATE_MEM >= 7400 appears to suffice; with 4-byte
- *	pointers, PRIVATE_MEM >= 7112 appears adequate.
  * #define INFNAN_CHECK on IEEE systems to cause strtod to check for
  *	Infinity and NaN (case insensitively).  On some systems (e.g.,
  *	some HP systems), it may be necessary to #define NAN_WORD0
@@ -221,6 +210,29 @@
 #include <locale.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(HAVE_STDCKDINT_H) || !defined(__has_include)
+#elif __has_include(<stdckdint.h>)
+# define HAVE_STDCKDINT_H 1
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STDCKDINT_H
+# include <stdckdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(ckd_add)
+static inline int /* bool */
+ckd_add(int *result, int x, int y)
+{
+    if (x < 0) {
+        if (y < INT_MIN - x) return 1;
+    }
+    else if (x > 0) {
+        if (y > INT_MAX - x) return 1;
+    }
+    *result = x + y;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef MALLOC
 extern void *MALLOC(size_t);
 #else
@@ -235,14 +247,6 @@ extern void FREE(void*);
 #define NO_SANITIZE(x, y) y
 #endif
 
-#ifndef Omit_Private_Memory
-#ifndef PRIVATE_MEM
-#define PRIVATE_MEM 2304
-#endif
-#define PRIVATE_mem ((PRIVATE_MEM+sizeof(double)-1)/sizeof(double))
-static double private_mem[PRIVATE_mem], *pmem_next = private_mem;
-#endif
-
 #undef IEEE_Arith
 #undef Avoid_Underflow
 #ifdef IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
@@ -527,83 +531,29 @@ struct Bigint {
 
 typedef struct Bigint Bigint;
 
-static Bigint *freelist[Kmax+1];
-
-#define BLOCKING_BIGINT ((Bigint *)(-1))
-
 static Bigint *
 Balloc(int k)
 {
     int x;
     Bigint *rv;
-#ifndef Omit_Private_Memory
-    size_t len;
-#endif
-
-    rv = 0;
-    ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
-    if (k <= Kmax) {
-        rv = freelist[k];
-        while (rv) {
-            Bigint *rvn = rv;
-            rv = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(freelist[k], rv, BLOCKING_BIGINT);
-            if (LIKELY(rv != BLOCKING_BIGINT && rvn == rv)) {
-                rvn = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(freelist[k], BLOCKING_BIGINT, rv->next);
-                assert(rvn == BLOCKING_BIGINT);
-                ASSUME(rv);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (!rv) {
-        x = 1 << k;
-#ifdef Omit_Private_Memory
-        rv = (Bigint *)MALLOC(sizeof(Bigint) + (x-1)*sizeof(ULong));
-#else
-        len = (sizeof(Bigint) + (x-1)*sizeof(ULong) + sizeof(double) - 1)
-                /sizeof(double);
-        if (k <= Kmax) {
-            double *pnext = pmem_next;
-            while (pnext - private_mem + len <= PRIVATE_mem) {
-                double *p = pnext;
-                pnext = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(pmem_next, pnext, pnext + len);
-                if (LIKELY(p == pnext)) {
-                    rv = (Bigint*)pnext;
-                    ASSUME(rv);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (!rv)
-            rv = (Bigint*)MALLOC(len*sizeof(double));
-#endif
-        rv->k = k;
-        rv->maxwds = x;
-    }
-    FREE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
+
+    x = 1 << k;
+    rv = (Bigint *)MALLOC(sizeof(Bigint) + (x-1)*sizeof(ULong));
+    if (!rv) return NULL;
+    rv->k = k;
+    rv->maxwds = x;
     rv->sign = rv->wds = 0;
     return rv;
 }
 
 static void
-Bfree(Bigint *v)
+Bclear(Bigint **vp)
 {
-    Bigint *vn;
-    if (v) {
-        if (v->k > Kmax) {
-            FREE(v);
-            return;
-        }
-        ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
-        do {
-            do {
-                vn = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(freelist[v->k], 0, 0);
-            } while (UNLIKELY(vn == BLOCKING_BIGINT));
-            v->next = vn;
-        } while (UNLIKELY(ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(freelist[v->k], vn, v) != vn));
-        FREE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
-    }
+    Bigint *v = *vp;
+    *vp = NULL;
+    if (v) FREE(v);
 }
+#define Bfree(v) Bclear(&(v))
 
 #define Bcopy(x,y) memcpy((char *)&(x)->sign, (char *)&(y)->sign, \
 (y)->wds*sizeof(Long) + 2*sizeof(int))
@@ -649,6 +599,10 @@ multadd(Bigint *b, int m, int a)   /* multiply by m and add a */
     if (carry) {
         if (wds >= b->maxwds) {
             b1 = Balloc(b->k+1);
+            if (!b1) {
+                Bfree(b);
+                return NULL;
+            }
             Bcopy(b1, b);
             Bfree(b);
             b = b1;
@@ -670,10 +624,12 @@ s2b(const char *s, int nd0, int nd, ULong y9)
     for (k = 0, y = 1; x > y; y <<= 1, k++) ;
 #ifdef Pack_32
     b = Balloc(k);
+    if (!b) return NULL;
     b->x[0] = y9;
     b->wds = 1;
 #else
     b = Balloc(k+1);
+    if (!b) return NULL;
     b->x[0] = y9 & 0xffff;
     b->wds = (b->x[1] = y9 >> 16) ? 2 : 1;
 #endif
@@ -683,13 +639,16 @@ s2b(const char *s, int nd0, int nd, ULong y9)
         s += 9;
         do {
             b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
+            if (!b) return NULL;
         } while (++i < nd0);
         s++;
     }
     else
         s += 10;
-    for (; i < nd; i++)
+    for (; i < nd; i++) {
         b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
+        if (!b) return NULL;
+    }
     return b;
 }
 
@@ -771,11 +730,14 @@ i2b(int i)
     Bigint *b;
 
     b = Balloc(1);
+    if (!b) return NULL;
     b->x[0] = i;
     b->wds = 1;
     return b;
 }
 
+#define Bzero_p(b) (!(b)->x[0] && (b)->wds <= 1)
+
 static Bigint *
 mult(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
 {
@@ -792,6 +754,14 @@ mult(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
 #endif
 #endif
 
+    if (Bzero_p(a) || Bzero_p(b)) {
+        c = Balloc(0);
+        if (!c) return NULL;
+        c->wds = 1;
+        c->x[0] = 0;
+        return c;
+    }
+
     if (a->wds < b->wds) {
         c = a;
         a = b;
@@ -804,6 +774,7 @@ mult(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
     if (wc > a->maxwds)
         k++;
     c = Balloc(k);
+    if (!c) return NULL;
     for (x = c->x, xa = x + wc; x < xa; x++)
         *x = 0;
     xa = a->x;
@@ -883,50 +854,47 @@ static Bigint *
 pow5mult(Bigint *b, int k)
 {
     Bigint *b1, *p5, *p51;
-    Bigint *p5tmp;
     int i;
     static const int p05[3] = { 5, 25, 125 };
 
-    if ((i = k & 3) != 0)
+    if ((i = k & 3) != 0) {
         b = multadd(b, p05[i-1], 0);
+        if (!b) return NULL;
+    }
+
+#define b_cache(var, addr, new_expr) \
+    if ((var = addr) != 0) {} else { \
+        Bigint *tmp = 0; \
+        ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(1); \
+        if (!(var = addr) && (var = (new_expr)) != 0) { \
+            var->next = 0; \
+            tmp = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(addr, NULL, var); \
+        } \
+        FREE_DTOA_LOCK(1); \
+        if (UNLIKELY(tmp)) { \
+            Bfree(var); \
+            var = tmp; \
+        } \
+        else if (!var) { \
+            Bfree(b); \
+            return NULL; \
+        } \
+    }
 
     if (!(k >>= 2))
         return b;
-    if (!(p5 = p5s)) {
-        /* first time */
-        ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
-        if (!(p5 = p5s)) {
-            p5 = i2b(625);
-            p5->next = 0;
-            p5tmp = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(p5s, NULL, p5);
-            if (UNLIKELY(p5tmp)) {
-                Bfree(p5);
-                p5 = p5tmp;
-            }
-        }
-        FREE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
-    }
+    /* first time */
+    b_cache(p5, p5s, i2b(625));
     for (;;) {
         if (k & 1) {
             b1 = mult(b, p5);
             Bfree(b);
             b = b1;
+            if (!b) return NULL;
         }
         if (!(k >>= 1))
             break;
-        if (!(p51 = p5->next)) {
-            ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
-            if (!(p51 = p5->next)) {
-                p51 = mult(p5,p5);
-                p51->next = 0;
-                p5tmp = ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(p5->next, NULL, p51);
-                if (UNLIKELY(p5tmp)) {
-                    Bfree(p51);
-                    p51 = p5tmp;
-                }
-            }
-            FREE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
-        }
+        b_cache(p51, p5->next, mult(p5, p5));
         p5 = p51;
     }
     return b;
@@ -939,6 +907,8 @@ lshift(Bigint *b, int k)
     Bigint *b1;
     ULong *x, *x1, *xe, z;
 
+    if (!k || Bzero_p(b)) return b;
+
 #ifdef Pack_32
     n = k >> 5;
 #else
@@ -949,6 +919,10 @@ lshift(Bigint *b, int k)
     for (i = b->maxwds; n1 > i; i <<= 1)
         k1++;
     b1 = Balloc(k1);
+    if (!b1) {
+        Bfree(b);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     x1 = b1->x;
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
         *x1++ = 0;
@@ -1034,6 +1008,7 @@ diff(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
     i = cmp(a,b);
     if (!i) {
         c = Balloc(0);
+        if (!c) return NULL;
         c->wds = 1;
         c->x[0] = 0;
         return c;
@@ -1047,6 +1022,7 @@ diff(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
     else
         i = 0;
     c = Balloc(a->k);
+    if (!c) return NULL;
     c->sign = i;
     wa = a->wds;
     xa = a->x;
@@ -1232,6 +1208,7 @@ d2b(double d_, int *e, int *bits)
 #else
     b = Balloc(2);
 #endif
+    if (!b) return NULL;
     x = b->x;
 
     z = d0 & Frac_mask;
@@ -1982,12 +1959,16 @@ undfl:
     /* Put digits into bd: true value = bd * 10^e */
 
     bd0 = s2b(s0, nd0, nd, y);
+    if (!bd0) goto ret;
 
     for (;;) {
         bd = Balloc(bd0->k);
+        if (!bd) goto retfree;
         Bcopy(bd, bd0);
         bb = d2b(dval(rv), &bbe, &bbbits);  /* rv = bb * 2^bbe */
+        if (!bb) goto retfree;
         bs = i2b(1);
+        if (!bs) goto retfree;
 
         if (e >= 0) {
             bb2 = bb5 = 0;
@@ -2044,19 +2025,30 @@ undfl:
         }
         if (bb5 > 0) {
             bs = pow5mult(bs, bb5);
+            if (!bs) goto retfree;
             bb1 = mult(bs, bb);
             Bfree(bb);
             bb = bb1;
+            if (!bb) goto retfree;
         }
-        if (bb2 > 0)
+        if (bb2 > 0) {
             bb = lshift(bb, bb2);
-        if (bd5 > 0)
+            if (!bb) goto retfree;
+        }
+        if (bd5 > 0) {
             bd = pow5mult(bd, bd5);
-        if (bd2 > 0)
+            if (!bd) goto retfree;
+        }
+        if (bd2 > 0) {
             bd = lshift(bd, bd2);
-        if (bs2 > 0)
+            if (!bd) goto retfree;
+        }
+        if (bs2 > 0) {
             bs = lshift(bs, bs2);
+            if (!bs) goto retfree;
+        }
         delta = diff(bb, bd);
+        if (!delta) goto retfree;
         dsign = delta->sign;
         delta->sign = 0;
         i = cmp(delta, bs);
@@ -2089,6 +2081,7 @@ undfl:
 #endif
                         {
                             delta = lshift(delta,Log2P);
+                            if (!delta) goto nomem;
                             if (cmp(delta, bs) <= 0)
                                 adj = -0.5;
                         }
@@ -2178,6 +2171,7 @@ apply_adj:
                 break;
             }
             delta = lshift(delta,Log2P);
+            if (!delta) goto retfree;
             if (cmp(delta, bs) > 0)
                 goto drop_down;
             break;
@@ -2580,6 +2574,7 @@ nrv_alloc(const char *s, char **rve, size_t n)
     char *rv, *t;
 
     t = rv = rv_alloc(n);
+    if (!rv) return NULL;
     while ((*t = *s++) != 0) t++;
     if (rve)
         *rve = t;
@@ -2752,6 +2747,7 @@ dtoa(double d_, int mode, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve)
 #endif
 
     b = d2b(dval(d), &be, &bbits);
+    if (!b) return NULL;
 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
     i = (int)(word0(d) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask>>Exp_shift1));
 #else
@@ -2871,13 +2867,20 @@ dtoa(double d_, int mode, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve)
         leftright = 0;
         /* no break */
       case 5:
-        i = ndigits + k + 1;
+        if (ckd_add(&i, ndigits, k + 1)) { /* k + 1 should be safe */
+            Bfree(b);
+            return NULL;
+        }
         ilim = i;
         ilim1 = i - 1;
         if (i <= 0)
             i = 1;
     }
     s = s0 = rv_alloc(i+1);
+    if (!s) {
+        Bfree(b);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
     if (mode > 1 && rounding != 1)
@@ -3058,6 +3061,7 @@ bump_up:
         b2 += i;
         s2 += i;
         mhi = i2b(1);
+        if (!mhi) goto nomem;
     }
     if (m2 > 0 && s2 > 0) {
         i = m2 < s2 ? m2 : s2;
@@ -3069,19 +3073,28 @@ bump_up:
         if (leftright) {
             if (m5 > 0) {
                 mhi = pow5mult(mhi, m5);
+                if (!mhi) goto nomem;
                 b1 = mult(mhi, b);
                 Bfree(b);
                 b = b1;
+                if (!b) goto nomem;
             }
-            if ((j = b5 - m5) != 0)
+            if ((j = b5 - m5) != 0) {
                 b = pow5mult(b, j);
+                if (!b) goto nomem;
+            }
         }
-        else
+        else {
             b = pow5mult(b, b5);
+            if (!b) goto nomem;
+        }
     }
     S = i2b(1);
-    if (s5 > 0)
+    if (!S) goto nomem;
+    if (s5 > 0) {
         S = pow5mult(S, s5);
+        if (!S) goto nomem;
+    }
 
     /* Check for special case that d is a normalized power of 2. */
 
@@ -3129,16 +3142,23 @@ bump_up:
         m2 += i;
         s2 += i;
     }
-    if (b2 > 0)
+    if (b2 > 0) {
         b = lshift(b, b2);
-    if (s2 > 0)
+        if (!b) goto nomem;
+    }
+    if (s2 > 0) {
         S = lshift(S, s2);
+        if (!S) goto nomem;
+    }
     if (k_check) {
         if (cmp(b,S) < 0) {
             k--;
             b = multadd(b, 10, 0);  /* we botched the k estimate */
-            if (leftright)
+            if (!b) goto nomem;
+            if (leftright) {
                 mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                if (!mhi) goto nomem;
+            }
             ilim = ilim1;
         }
     }
@@ -3155,8 +3175,10 @@ one_digit:
         goto ret;
     }
     if (leftright) {
-        if (m2 > 0)
+        if (m2 > 0) {
             mhi = lshift(mhi, m2);
+            if (!mhi) goto nomem;
+        }
 
         /* Compute mlo -- check for special case
          * that d is a normalized power of 2.
@@ -3165,8 +3187,10 @@ one_digit:
         mlo = mhi;
         if (spec_case) {
             mhi = Balloc(mhi->k);
+            if (!mhi) goto nomem;
             Bcopy(mhi, mlo);
             mhi = lshift(mhi, Log2P);
+            if (!mhi) goto nomem;
         }
 
         for (i = 1;;i++) {
@@ -3176,6 +3200,7 @@ one_digit:
              */
             j = cmp(b, mlo);
             delta = diff(S, mhi);
+            if (!delta) goto nomem;
             j1 = delta->sign ? 1 : cmp(b, delta);
             Bfree(delta);
 #ifndef ROUND_BIASED
@@ -3216,6 +3241,7 @@ one_digit:
 #endif /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
                 if (j1 > 0) {
                     b = lshift(b, 1);
+                    if (!b) goto nomem;
                     j1 = cmp(b, S);
                     if ((j1 > 0 || (j1 == 0 && (dig & 1))) && dig++ == '9')
                         goto round_9_up;
@@ -3244,11 +3270,16 @@ keep_dig:
             if (i == ilim)
                 break;
             b = multadd(b, 10, 0);
-            if (mlo == mhi)
+            if (!b) goto nomem;
+            if (mlo == mhi) {
                 mlo = mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                if (!mlo) goto nomem;
+            }
             else {
                 mlo = multadd(mlo, 10, 0);
+                if (!mlo) goto nomem;
                 mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                if (!mhi) goto nomem;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3264,6 +3295,7 @@ keep_dig:
             if (i >= ilim)
                 break;
             b = multadd(b, 10, 0);
+            if (!b) goto nomem;
         }
 
     /* Round off last digit */
@@ -3275,6 +3307,7 @@ keep_dig:
     }
 #endif
     b = lshift(b, 1);
+    if (!b) goto nomem;
     j = cmp(b, S);
     if (j > 0 || (j == 0 && (dig & 1))) {
  roundoff:
@@ -3316,6 +3349,16 @@ ret1:
     if (rve)
         *rve = s;
     return s0;
+  nomem:
+    if (S) Bfree(S);
+    if (mhi) {
+        if (mlo && mlo != mhi)
+            Bfree(mlo);
+        Bfree(mhi);
+    }
+    if (b) Bfree(b);
+    FREE(s0);
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 /*-
@@ -3424,6 +3467,7 @@ hdtoa(double d, const char *xdigs, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rv
 	 */
 	bufsize = (ndigits > 0) ? ndigits : SIGFIGS;
 	s0 = rv_alloc(bufsize+1);
+        if (!s0) return NULL;
 
 	/* Round to the desired number of digits. */
 	if (SIGFIGS > ndigits && ndigits > 0) {
diff --git a/nilclass.rb b/nilclass.rb
index 5a2e19680d..acd5666c71 100644
--- a/nilclass.rb
+++ b/nilclass.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,32 @@
 class NilClass
   #
   #  call-seq:
+  #     rationalize(eps = nil)  ->  (0/1)
+  #
+  #  Returns zero as a Rational:
+  #
+  #     nil.rationalize # => (0/1)
+  #
+  #  Argument +eps+ is ignored.
+  #
+  def rationalize(eps = nil)
+    0r
+  end
+
+  #
+  #  call-seq:
+  #     to_c -> (0+0i)
+  #
+  #  Returns zero as a Complex:
+  #
+  #     nil.to_c # => (0+0i)
+  #
+  def to_c
+    0i
+  end
+
+  #
+  #  call-seq:
   #     nil.to_i -> 0
   #
   #  Always returns zero.
@@ -22,4 +48,16 @@ class NilClass
   def to_f
     return 0.0
   end
+
+  #
+  #  call-seq:
+  #     to_r  ->  (0/1)
+  #
+  #  Returns zero as a Rational:
+  #
+  #     nil.to_r # => (0/1)
+  #
+  def to_r
+    0r
+  end
 end
diff --git a/node_dump.c b/node_dump.c
index 24711f3d97..82a7d78c28 100644
--- a/node_dump.c
+++ b/node_dump.c
@@ -309,8 +309,11 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("example: case x; in 1; foo; in 2; bar; else baz; end");
         F_NODE(nd_head, RNODE_IN, "in pattern");
         F_NODE(nd_body, RNODE_IN, "in body");
-        LAST_NODE;
         F_NODE(nd_next, RNODE_IN, "next in clause");
+        F_LOC(in_keyword_loc, RNODE_IN);
+        F_LOC(then_keyword_loc, RNODE_IN);
+        LAST_NODE;
+        F_LOC(operator_loc, RNODE_IN);
         return;
 
       case NODE_WHILE:
@@ -1009,8 +1012,10 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("format: module [nd_cpath]; [nd_body]; end");
         ANN("example: module M; ..; end");
         F_NODE(nd_cpath, RNODE_MODULE, "module path");
-        LAST_NODE;
         F_NODE(nd_body, RNODE_MODULE, "module definition");
+        F_LOC(module_keyword_loc, RNODE_MODULE);
+        LAST_NODE;
+        F_LOC(end_keyword_loc, RNODE_MODULE);
         return;
 
       case NODE_SCLASS:
@@ -1018,8 +1023,11 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("format: class << [nd_recv]; [nd_body]; end");
         ANN("example: class << obj; ..; end");
         F_NODE(nd_recv, RNODE_SCLASS, "receiver");
-        LAST_NODE;
         F_NODE(nd_body, RNODE_SCLASS, "singleton class definition");
+        F_LOC(class_keyword_loc, RNODE_SCLASS);
+        F_LOC(operator_loc, RNODE_SCLASS);
+        LAST_NODE;
+        F_LOC(end_keyword_loc, RNODE_SCLASS);
         return;
 
       case NODE_COLON2:
@@ -1027,8 +1035,10 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("format: [nd_head]::[nd_mid]");
         ANN("example: M::C");
         F_ID(nd_mid, RNODE_COLON2, "constant name");
-        LAST_NODE;
         F_NODE(nd_head, RNODE_COLON2, "receiver");
+        F_LOC(delimiter_loc, RNODE_COLON2);
+        LAST_NODE;
+        F_LOC(name_loc, RNODE_COLON2);
         return;
 
       case NODE_COLON3:
@@ -1036,6 +1046,8 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("format: ::[nd_mid]");
         ANN("example: ::Object");
         F_ID(nd_mid, RNODE_COLON3, "constant name");
+        F_LOC(delimiter_loc, RNODE_COLON3);
+        F_LOC(name_loc, RNODE_COLON3);
         return;
 
       case NODE_DOT2:
@@ -1101,8 +1113,9 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, const NODE * node)
         ANN("defined? expression");
         ANN("format: defined?([nd_head])");
         ANN("example: defined?(foo)");
-        LAST_NODE;
         F_NODE(nd_head, RNODE_DEFINED, "expr");
+        LAST_NODE;
+        F_LOC(keyword_loc, RNODE_DEFINED);
         return;
 
       case NODE_POSTEXE:
diff --git a/numeric.c b/numeric.c
index dcf4cf5c04..f4dc0f8927 100644
--- a/numeric.c
+++ b/numeric.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "internal/compilers.h"
 #include "internal/complex.h"
 #include "internal/enumerator.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
 #include "internal/gc.h"
 #include "internal/hash.h"
 #include "internal/numeric.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@
 #define DBL_EPSILON 2.2204460492503131e-16
 #endif
 
+#define ACCURATE_POW10(ndigits) ((ndigits) < DBL_DIG)
+
 #ifndef USE_RB_INFINITY
 #elif !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN) /* BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN */
 const union bytesequence4_or_float rb_infinity = {{0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x7f}};
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@ rb_num_coerce_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID func)
 static VALUE
 ensure_cmp(VALUE c, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (NIL_P(c)) rb_cmperr(x, y);
+    if (NIL_P(c)) rb_cmperr_reason(x, y, "comparator returned nil");
     return c;
 }
 
@@ -501,7 +504,7 @@ rb_num_coerce_relop(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID func)
     VALUE x0 = x, y0 = y;
 
     if (!do_coerce(&x, &y, FALSE)) {
-        rb_cmperr(x0, y0);
+        rb_cmperr_reason(x0, y0, "coercion was not possible");
         UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
     }
     return ensure_cmp(rb_funcall(x, func, 1, y), x0, y0);
@@ -576,7 +579,7 @@ num_imaginary(VALUE num)
  *  call-seq:
  *    -self -> numeric
  *
- *  Unary Minus---Returns the receiver, negated.
+ *  Returns +self+, negated.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -595,8 +598,8 @@ num_uminus(VALUE num)
  *    fdiv(other) -> float
  *
  *  Returns the quotient <tt>self/other</tt> as a float,
- *  using method +/+ in the derived class of +self+.
- *  (\Numeric itself does not define method +/+.)
+ *  using method +/+ as defined in the subclass of \Numeric.
+ *  (\Numeric itself does not define +/+.)
  *
  *  Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
  *  only BigDecimal uses this implementation.
@@ -614,8 +617,8 @@ num_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *    div(other) -> integer
  *
  *  Returns the quotient <tt>self/other</tt> as an integer (via +floor+),
- *  using method +/+ in the derived class of +self+.
- *  (\Numeric itself does not define method +/+.)
+ *  using method +/+ as defined in the subclass of \Numeric.
+ *  (\Numeric itself does not define +/+.)
  *
  *  Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
  *  Only Float and Rational use this implementation.
@@ -633,7 +636,7 @@ num_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self % other -> real_numeric
  *
- *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a real number.
+ *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a real numeric (\Integer, \Float, or \Rational).
  *
  *  Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
  *  only Rational uses this implementation.
@@ -847,7 +850,8 @@ num_nonzero_p(VALUE num)
  *    to_int -> integer
  *
  *  Returns +self+ as an integer;
- *  converts using method +to_i+ in the derived class.
+ *  converts using method +to_i+ in the subclass of \Numeric.
+ *  (\Numeric itself does not define +to_i+.)
  *
  *  Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
  *  only Rational and Complex use this implementation.
@@ -905,92 +909,10 @@ num_negative_p(VALUE num)
     return RBOOL(rb_num_negative_int_p(num));
 }
 
-
-/********************************************************************
- *
- *  Document-class: Float
- *
- *  A \Float object represents a sometimes-inexact real number using the native
- *  architecture's double-precision floating point representation.
- *
- *  Floating point has a different arithmetic and is an inexact number.
- *  So you should know its esoteric system. See following:
- *
- *  - https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
- *  - https://github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/wiki/Ruby-Talk-FAQ#-why-are-rubys-floats-imprecise
- *  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems
- *
- *  You can create a \Float object explicitly with:
- *
- *  - A {floating-point literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Float+Literals].
- *
- *  You can convert certain objects to Floats with:
- *
- *  - Method #Float.
- *
- *  == What's Here
- *
- *  First, what's elsewhere. Class \Float:
- *
- *  - Inherits from
- *    {class Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@What-27s+Here]
- *    and {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- *  - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@What-27s+Here].
- *
- *  Here, class \Float provides methods for:
- *
- *  - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Float@Querying]
- *  - {Comparing}[rdoc-ref:Float@Comparing]
- *  - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:Float@Converting]
- *
- *  === Querying
- *
- *  - #finite?: Returns whether +self+ is finite.
- *  - #hash: Returns the integer hash code for +self+.
- *  - #infinite?: Returns whether +self+ is infinite.
- *  - #nan?: Returns whether +self+ is a NaN (not-a-number).
- *
- *  === Comparing
- *
- *  - #<: Returns whether +self+ is less than the given value.
- *  - #<=: Returns whether +self+ is less than or equal to the given value.
- *  - #<=>: Returns a number indicating whether +self+ is less than, equal
- *    to, or greater than the given value.
- *  - #== (aliased as #=== and #eql?): Returns whether +self+ is equal to
- *    the given value.
- *  - #>: Returns whether +self+ is greater than the given value.
- *  - #>=: Returns whether +self+ is greater than or equal to the given value.
- *
- *  === Converting
- *
- *  - #% (aliased as #modulo): Returns +self+ modulo the given value.
- *  - #*: Returns the product of +self+ and the given value.
- *  - #**: Returns the value of +self+ raised to the power of the given value.
- *  - #+: Returns the sum of +self+ and the given value.
- *  - #-: Returns the difference of +self+ and the given value.
- *  - #/: Returns the quotient of +self+ and the given value.
- *  - #ceil: Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to +self+.
- *  - #coerce: Returns a 2-element array containing the given value converted to a \Float
- *    and +self+
- *  - #divmod: Returns a 2-element array containing the quotient and remainder
- *    results of dividing +self+ by the given value.
- *  - #fdiv: Returns the \Float result of dividing +self+ by the given value.
- *  - #floor: Returns the greatest number smaller than or equal to +self+.
- *  - #next_float: Returns the next-larger representable \Float.
- *  - #prev_float: Returns the next-smaller representable \Float.
- *  - #quo: Returns the quotient from dividing +self+ by the given value.
- *  - #round: Returns +self+ rounded to the nearest value, to a given precision.
- *  - #to_i (aliased as #to_int): Returns +self+ truncated to an Integer.
- *  - #to_s (aliased as #inspect): Returns a string containing the place-value
- *    representation of +self+ in the given radix.
- *  - #truncate: Returns +self+ truncated to a given precision.
- *
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_float_new_in_heap(double d)
 {
-    NEWOBJ_OF(flt, struct RFloat, rb_cFloat, T_FLOAT | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_FLOAT ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0), sizeof(struct RFloat), 0);
+    NEWOBJ_OF(flt, struct RFloat, rb_cFloat, T_FLOAT, sizeof(struct RFloat));
 
 #if SIZEOF_DOUBLE <= SIZEOF_VALUE
     flt->float_value = d;
@@ -1131,15 +1053,21 @@ rb_float_uminus(VALUE flt)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self + other -> numeric
+ *    self + other -> float or complex
  *
- *  Returns a new \Float which is the sum of +self+ and +other+:
+ *  Returns the sum of +self+ and +other+;
+ *  the result may be inexact (see Float):
  *
- *    f = 3.14
- *    f + 1                 # => 4.140000000000001
- *    f + 1.0               # => 4.140000000000001
- *    f + Rational(1, 1)    # => 4.140000000000001
- *    f + Complex(1, 0)     # => (4.140000000000001+0i)
+ *    3.14 + 0              # => 3.14
+ *    3.14 + 1              # => 4.140000000000001
+ *    -3.14 + 0             # => -3.14
+ *    -3.14 + 1             # => -2.14
+
+ *    3.14 + -3.14          # => 0.0
+ *    -3.14 + -3.14         # => -6.28
+ *
+ *    3.14 + Complex(1, 0)   # => (4.140000000000001+0i)
+ *    3.14 + Rational(1, 1)  # => 4.140000000000001
  *
  */
 
@@ -1164,7 +1092,7 @@ rb_float_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self - other -> numeric
  *
- *  Returns a new \Float which is the difference of +self+ and +other+:
+ * Returns the difference of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *    f = 3.14
  *    f - 1                 # => 2.14
@@ -1195,13 +1123,14 @@ rb_float_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self * other -> numeric
  *
- *  Returns a new \Float which is the product of +self+ and +other+:
+ * Returns the numeric product of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *    f = 3.14
  *    f * 2              # => 6.28
  *    f * 2.0            # => 6.28
  *    f * Rational(1, 2) # => 1.57
  *    f * Complex(2, 0)  # => (6.28+0.0i)
+ *
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -1249,7 +1178,7 @@ rb_flo_div_flo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self / other -> numeric
  *
- *  Returns a new \Float which is the result of dividing +self+ by +other+:
+ * Returns the quotient of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *    f = 3.14
  *    f / 2              # => 1.57
@@ -1358,7 +1287,7 @@ ruby_float_mod(double x, double y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self % other -> float
  *
- *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a float.
+ *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a \Float.
  *
  *  For float +f+ and real number +r+, these expressions are equivalent:
  *
@@ -1464,9 +1393,9 @@ flo_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self ** other -> numeric
+ *    self ** exponent -> numeric
  *
- *  Raises +self+ to the power of +other+:
+ *  Returns +self+ raised to the power +exponent+:
  *
  *    f = 3.14
  *    f ** 2              # => 9.8596
@@ -1542,10 +1471,17 @@ num_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self <=> other -> zero or nil
  *
- *  Returns zero if +self+ is the same as +other+, +nil+ otherwise.
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
- *  No subclass in the Ruby Core or Standard Library uses this implementation.
+ *  Returns:
+ *
+ *  - Zero, if +self+ is the same as +other+.
+ *  - +nil+, otherwise.
  *
+ *  \Class \Numeric includes module Comparable,
+ *  each of whose methods uses Numeric#<=> for comparison.
+ *
+ *  No subclass in the Ruby Core or Standard Library uses this implementation.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1568,7 +1504,7 @@ num_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *     self == other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +other+ has the same value as +self+, +false+ otherwise:
+ *  Returns whether +other+ is numerically equal to +self+:
  *
  *     2.0 == 2              # => true
  *     2.0 == 2.0            # => true
@@ -1591,17 +1527,11 @@ rb_float_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     }
     else {
         return num_equal(x, y);
     }
     a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     return RBOOL(a == b);
 }
 
@@ -1641,30 +1571,32 @@ rb_dbl_cmp(double a, double b)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     self <=> other ->  -1, 0, +1, or nil
+ *     self <=> other ->  -1, 0, 1, or nil
  *
- *  Returns a value that depends on the numeric relation
- *  between +self+ and +other+:
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
- *  - -1, if +self+ is less than +other+.
- *  - 0, if +self+ is equal to +other+.
- *  - 1, if +self+ is greater than +other+.
+ *  Returns:
+ *
+ *  - +-1+, if +self+ is less than +other+.
+ *  - +0+, if +self+ is equal to +other+.
+ *  - +1+, if +self+ is greater than +other+.
  *  - +nil+, if the two values are incommensurate.
  *
  *  Examples:
  *
+ *    2.0 <=> 2.1            # => -1
  *    2.0 <=> 2              # => 0
  *    2.0 <=> 2.0            # => 0
  *    2.0 <=> Rational(2, 1) # => 0
  *    2.0 <=> Complex(2, 0)  # => 0
  *    2.0 <=> 1.9            # => 1
- *    2.0 <=> 2.1            # => -1
  *    2.0 <=> 'foo'          # => nil
  *
- *  This is the basis for the tests in the Comparable module.
- *
  *  <tt>Float::NAN <=> Float::NAN</tt> returns an implementation-dependent value.
  *
+ *  \Class \Float includes module Comparable,
+ *  each of whose methods uses Float#<=> for comparison.
+ *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1709,7 +1641,8 @@ rb_float_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self > other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ is numerically greater than +other+:
+ *  Returns whether the value of +self+ is greater than the value of +other+;
+ *  +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    2.0 > 1              # => true
  *    2.0 > 1.0            # => true
@@ -1734,16 +1667,10 @@ rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     }
     else {
         return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '>');
     }
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     return RBOOL(a > b);
 }
 
@@ -1751,7 +1678,8 @@ rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self >= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ is numerically greater than or equal to +other+:
+ *  Returns whether the value of +self+ is greater than or equal to the value of +other+;
+ *  +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    2.0 >= 1              # => true
  *    2.0 >= 1.0            # => true
@@ -1777,16 +1705,10 @@ flo_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     }
     else {
         return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idGE);
     }
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     return RBOOL(a >= b);
 }
 
@@ -1794,7 +1716,8 @@ flo_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self < other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ is numerically less than +other+:
+ *  Returns whether the value of +self+ is less than the value of +other+;
+ *  +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    2.0 < 3              # => true
  *    2.0 < 3.0            # => true
@@ -1802,7 +1725,6 @@ flo_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *    2.0 < 2.0            # => false
  *
  *  <tt>Float::NAN < Float::NAN</tt> returns an implementation-dependent value.
- *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1819,16 +1741,10 @@ flo_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     }
     else {
         return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '<');
     }
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     return RBOOL(a < b);
 }
 
@@ -1836,7 +1752,8 @@ flo_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self <= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ is numerically less than or equal to +other+:
+ *  Returns whether the value of +self+ is less than or equal to the value of +other+;
+ *  +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    2.0 <= 3              # => true
  *    2.0 <= 3.0            # => true
@@ -1862,16 +1779,10 @@ flo_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     }
     else {
         return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idLE);
     }
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
     return RBOOL(a <= b);
 }
 
@@ -1899,10 +1810,7 @@ rb_float_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         double a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
         double b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-#if MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300)
-        if (isnan(a) || isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
-#endif
-    return RBOOL(a == b);
+        return RBOOL(a == b);
     }
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -2112,6 +2020,9 @@ rb_float_floor(VALUE num, int ndigits)
         if (float_round_overflow(ndigits, binexp)) return num;
         if (number > 0.0 && float_round_underflow(ndigits, binexp))
             return DBL2NUM(0.0);
+        if (!ACCURATE_POW10(ndigits)) {
+            return rb_flo_floor_by_rational(num, ndigits);
+        }
         f = pow(10, ndigits);
         mul = floor(number * f);
         res = (mul + 1) / f;
@@ -2320,6 +2231,9 @@ rb_float_ceil(VALUE num, int ndigits)
         if (float_round_overflow(ndigits, binexp)) return num;
         if (number < 0.0 && float_round_underflow(ndigits, binexp))
             return DBL2NUM(0.0);
+        if (!ACCURATE_POW10(ndigits)) {
+            return rb_flo_ceil_by_rational(num, ndigits);
+        }
         f = pow(10, ndigits);
         f = ceil(number * f) / f;
         return DBL2NUM(f);
@@ -2584,9 +2498,8 @@ flo_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
         frexp(number, &binexp);
         if (float_round_overflow(ndigits, binexp)) return num;
         if (float_round_underflow(ndigits, binexp)) return DBL2NUM(0);
-        if (ndigits > 14) {
-            /* In this case, pow(10, ndigits) may not be accurate. */
-            return rb_flo_round_by_rational(argc, argv, num);
+        if (!ACCURATE_POW10(ndigits)) {
+            return rb_flo_round_by_rational(num, ndigits, mode);
         }
         f = pow(10, ndigits);
         x = ROUND_CALL(mode, round, (number, f));
@@ -2659,6 +2572,12 @@ flo_to_i(VALUE num)
     return dbl2ival(f);
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_flo_to_i(VALUE num)
+{
+    return flo_to_i(num);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *    truncate(ndigits = 0) -> float or integer
@@ -2708,7 +2627,7 @@ flo_truncate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
  *    floor(ndigits = 0) -> float or integer
  *
  *  Returns the largest float or integer that is less than or equal to +self+,
- *  as specified by the given `ndigits`,
+ *  as specified by the given +ndigits+,
  *  which must be an
  *  {integer-convertible object}[rdoc-ref:implicit_conversion.rdoc@Integer-Convertible+Objects].
  *
@@ -2728,7 +2647,7 @@ num_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
  *    ceil(ndigits = 0) -> float or integer
  *
  *  Returns the smallest float or integer that is greater than or equal to +self+,
- *  as specified by the given `ndigits`,
+ *  as specified by the given +ndigits+,
  *  which must be an
  *  {integer-convertible object}[rdoc-ref:implicit_conversion.rdoc@Integer-Convertible+Objects].
  *
@@ -3197,7 +3116,7 @@ rb_num2long(VALUE val)
 {
   again:
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion from nil to integer");
+        rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Integer");
     }
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) return FIX2LONG(val);
@@ -3225,7 +3144,7 @@ rb_num2ulong_internal(VALUE val, int *wrap_p)
 {
   again:
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
-       rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion of nil into Integer");
+        rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Integer");
     }
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
@@ -3468,7 +3387,7 @@ LONG_LONG
 rb_num2ll(VALUE val)
 {
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion from nil");
+        rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Integer");
     }
 
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) return (LONG_LONG)FIX2LONG(val);
@@ -3485,11 +3404,8 @@ rb_num2ll(VALUE val)
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(val)) {
         return rb_big2ll(val);
     }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion from string");
-    }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_TRUE) || RB_TYPE_P(val, T_FALSE)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion from boolean");
+    else if (val == Qfalse || val == Qtrue || RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) {
+        rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Integer");
     }
 
     val = rb_to_int(val);
@@ -3500,7 +3416,7 @@ unsigned LONG_LONG
 rb_num2ull(VALUE val)
 {
     if (NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion of nil into Integer");
+        rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Integer");
     }
     else if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
         return (LONG_LONG)FIX2LONG(val); /* this is FIX2LONG, intended */
@@ -3527,6 +3443,232 @@ rb_num2ull(VALUE val)
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
 
+// Conversion functions for unified 128-bit integer structures,
+// These work with or without native 128-bit integer support.
+
+#ifndef HAVE_UINT128_T
+// Helper function to build 128-bit value from bignum digits (fallback path).
+static inline void
+rb_uint128_from_bignum_digits_fallback(rb_uint128_t *result, BDIGIT *digits, size_t length)
+{
+    // Build the 128-bit value from bignum digits:
+    for (long i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        // Shift both low and high parts:
+        uint64_t carry = result->parts.low >> (64 - (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT));
+        result->parts.low = (result->parts.low << (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT)) | digits[i];
+        result->parts.high = (result->parts.high << (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT)) | carry;
+    }
+}
+
+// Helper function to convert absolute value of negative bignum to two's complement.
+// Ruby stores negative bignums as absolute values, so we need to convert to two's complement.
+static inline void
+rb_uint128_twos_complement_negate(rb_uint128_t *value)
+{
+    if (value->parts.low == 0) {
+        value->parts.high = ~value->parts.high + 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        value->parts.low = ~value->parts.low + 1;
+        value->parts.high = ~value->parts.high + (value->parts.low == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+rb_uint128_t
+rb_numeric_to_uint128(VALUE x)
+{
+    rb_uint128_t result = {0};
+    if (RB_FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+        long value = RB_FIX2LONG(x);
+        if (value < 0) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "negative integer cannot be converted to unsigned 128-bit integer");
+        }
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+        result.value = (uint128_t)value;
+#else
+        result.parts.low = (uint64_t)value;
+        result.parts.high = 0;
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "negative integer cannot be converted to unsigned 128-bit integer");
+        }
+        size_t length = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+        if (length > roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'unsigned 128-bit integer'");
+        }
+        BDIGIT *digits = BIGNUM_DIGITS(x);
+        result.value = 0;
+        for (long i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            result.value = (result.value << (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT)) | digits[i];
+        }
+#else
+        // Check if bignum fits in 128 bits (16 bytes)
+        if (length > roomof(16, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'unsigned 128-bit integer'");
+        }
+        BDIGIT *digits = BIGNUM_DIGITS(x);
+        rb_uint128_from_bignum_digits_fallback(&result, digits, length);
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not an integer");
+    }
+}
+
+rb_int128_t
+rb_numeric_to_int128(VALUE x)
+{
+    rb_int128_t result = {0};
+    if (RB_FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+        long value = RB_FIX2LONG(x);
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+        result.value = (int128_t)value;
+#else
+        if (value < 0) {
+            // Two's complement representation: for negative values, sign extend
+            // Convert to unsigned: for -1, we want all bits set
+            result.parts.low = (uint64_t)value; // This will be the two's complement representation
+            result.parts.high = UINT64_MAX; // Sign extend: all bits set for negative
+        }
+        else {
+            result.parts.low = (uint64_t)value;
+            result.parts.high = 0;
+        }
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        size_t length = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+        if (length > roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+        }
+        BDIGIT *digits = BIGNUM_DIGITS(x);
+        uint128_t unsigned_result = 0;
+        for (long i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            unsigned_result = (unsigned_result << (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT)) | digits[i];
+        }
+        if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+            // Convert from two's complement
+            // Maximum negative value is 2^127
+            if (unsigned_result > ((uint128_t)1 << 127)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+            }
+            result.value = -(int128_t)(unsigned_result - 1) - 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            // Maximum positive value is 2^127 - 1
+            if (unsigned_result > (((uint128_t)1 << 127) - 1)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+            }
+            result.value = (int128_t)unsigned_result;
+        }
+#else
+        if (length > roomof(16, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+        }
+        BDIGIT *digits = BIGNUM_DIGITS(x);
+        rb_uint128_t unsigned_result = {0};
+        rb_uint128_from_bignum_digits_fallback(&unsigned_result, digits, length);
+        if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+            // Check if value fits in signed 128-bit (max negative is 2^127)
+            uint64_t max_neg_high = (uint64_t)1 << 63;
+            if (unsigned_result.parts.high > max_neg_high || (unsigned_result.parts.high == max_neg_high && unsigned_result.parts.low > 0)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+            }
+            // Convert from absolute value to two's complement (Ruby stores negative as absolute value)
+            rb_uint128_twos_complement_negate(&unsigned_result);
+            result.parts.low = unsigned_result.parts.low;
+            result.parts.high = (int64_t)unsigned_result.parts.high; // Sign extend
+        }
+        else {
+            // Check if value fits in signed 128-bit (max positive is 2^127 - 1)
+            // Max positive: high = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, low = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+            uint64_t max_pos_high = ((uint64_t)1 << 63) - 1;
+            if (unsigned_result.parts.high > max_pos_high) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'signed 128-bit integer'");
+            }
+            result.parts.low = unsigned_result.parts.low;
+            result.parts.high = unsigned_result.parts.high;
+        }
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not an integer");
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_uint128_to_numeric(rb_uint128_t n)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+    if (n.value <= (uint128_t)RUBY_FIXNUM_MAX) {
+        return LONG2FIX((long)n.value);
+    }
+    return rb_uint128t2big(n.value);
+#else
+    // If high part is zero and low part fits in fixnum
+    if (n.parts.high == 0 && n.parts.low <= (uint64_t)RUBY_FIXNUM_MAX) {
+        return LONG2FIX((long)n.parts.low);
+    }
+    // Convert to bignum by building it from the two 64-bit parts
+    VALUE bignum = rb_ull2big(n.parts.low);
+    if (n.parts.high > 0) {
+        VALUE high_bignum = rb_ull2big(n.parts.high);
+        // Multiply high part by 2^64 and add to low part
+        VALUE shifted_value = rb_int_lshift(high_bignum, INT2FIX(64));
+        bignum = rb_int_plus(bignum, shifted_value);
+    }
+    return bignum;
+#endif
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_int128_to_numeric(rb_int128_t n)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+    if (FIXABLE(n.value)) {
+        return LONG2FIX((long)n.value);
+    }
+    return rb_int128t2big(n.value);
+#else
+    int64_t high = (int64_t)n.parts.high;
+    // If it's a small positive value that fits in fixnum
+    if (high == 0 && n.parts.low <= (uint64_t)RUBY_FIXNUM_MAX) {
+        return LONG2FIX((long)n.parts.low);
+    }
+    // Check if it's negative (high bit of high part is set)
+    if (high < 0) {
+        // Negative value - convert from two's complement to absolute value
+        rb_uint128_t unsigned_value = {0};
+        if (n.parts.low == 0) {
+            unsigned_value.parts.low = 0;
+            unsigned_value.parts.high = ~n.parts.high + 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            unsigned_value.parts.low = ~n.parts.low + 1;
+            unsigned_value.parts.high = ~n.parts.high + (unsigned_value.parts.low == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+        }
+        VALUE bignum = rb_uint128_to_numeric(unsigned_value);
+        return rb_int_uminus(bignum);
+    }
+    else {
+        // Positive value
+        union uint128_int128_conversion conversion = {
+            .int128 = n
+        };
+        return rb_uint128_to_numeric(conversion.uint128);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 /********************************************************************
  *
  * Document-class: Integer
@@ -3549,9 +3691,9 @@ rb_num2ull(VALUE val)
  * First, what's elsewhere. Class \Integer:
  *
  * - Inherits from
- *   {class Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@What-27s+Here]
- *   and {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- * - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@What-27s+Here].
+ *   {class Numeric}[rdoc-ref:Numeric@Whats+Here]
+ *   and {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+ * - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@Whats+Here].
  *
  * Here, class \Integer provides methods for:
  *
@@ -3905,6 +4047,11 @@ rb_int_uminus(VALUE num)
     }
 }
 
+/* ruby_decimal_digit_pairs is defined in bignum.c and declared in
+ * internal/bignum.h.  See there for the rationale of the 2-digit
+ * lookup-table itoa optimisation; both rb_fix2str here and big2str_2bdigits
+ * in bignum.c consume it. */
+
 VALUE
 rb_fix2str(VALUE x, int base)
 {
@@ -3937,9 +4084,34 @@ rb_fix2str(VALUE x, int base)
     else {
         u = val;
     }
-    do {
-        *--b = ruby_digitmap[(int)(u % base)];
-    } while (u /= base);
+    if (base == 10) {
+        /* Emit two digits per iteration from a precomputed table.  The
+         * compiler lowers `u % 100` and `u / 100` to a single multiply +
+         * shift, so each iteration costs roughly one multiply, one shift,
+         * and two stores.  About 2x fewer iterations than the classic
+         * per-digit loop for multi-digit inputs. */
+        while (u >= 100) {
+            unsigned long idx = (u % 100) * 2;
+            u /= 100;
+            b -= 2;
+            b[0] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+            b[1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+        }
+        if (u >= 10) {
+            unsigned long idx = u * 2;
+            b -= 2;
+            b[0] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx];
+            b[1] = ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[idx + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            *--b = (char)('0' + u);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        do {
+            *--b = ruby_digitmap[(int)(u % base)];
+        } while (u /= base);
+    }
     if (neg) {
         *--b = '-';
     }
@@ -4030,17 +4202,20 @@ rb_fix_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self + numeric -> numeric_result
+ *    self + other -> numeric
+ *
+ *  Returns the sum of +self+ and +other+:
  *
- *  Performs addition:
+ *    1 + 1               # => 2
+ *    1 + -1             # => 0
+ *    1 + 0              # => 1
+ *    1 + -2             # => -1
+ *    1 + Complex(1, 0)  # => (2+0i)
+ *    1 + Rational(1, 1) # => (2/1)
  *
- *    2 + 2              # => 4
- *    -2 + 2             # => 0
- *    -2 + -2            # => -4
- *    2 + 2.0            # => 4.0
- *    2 + Rational(2, 1) # => (4/1)
- *    2 + Complex(2, 0)  # => (4+0i)
+ *  For a computation involving Floats, the result may be inexact (see Float#+):
  *
+ *    1 + 3.14           # => 4.140000000000001
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -4075,9 +4250,9 @@ fix_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self - numeric -> numeric_result
+ *    self - other -> numeric
  *
- *  Performs subtraction:
+ * Returns the difference of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *    4 - 2              # => 2
  *    -4 - 2             # => -6
@@ -4131,16 +4306,17 @@ fix_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self * numeric -> numeric_result
+ *    self * other -> numeric
  *
- *  Performs multiplication:
+ * Returns the numeric product of +self+ and +other+:
  *
  *    4 * 2              # => 8
- *    4 * -2             # => -8
  *    -4 * 2             # => -8
+ *    4 * -2             # => -8
  *    4 * 2.0            # => 8.0
  *    4 * Rational(1, 3) # => (4/3)
  *    4 * Complex(2, 0)  # => (8+0i)
+ *
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -4155,16 +4331,24 @@ rb_int_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '*');
 }
 
+static bool
+accurate_in_double(long i)
+{
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT > DBL_MANT_DIG
+    return ((i < 0 ? -i : i) < (1L << DBL_MANT_DIG));
+#else
+    return true;
+#endif
+}
+
 static double
 fix_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
         long iy = FIX2LONG(y);
-#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT > DBL_MANT_DIG
-        if ((iy < 0 ? -iy : iy) >= (1L << DBL_MANT_DIG)) {
+        if (!accurate_in_double(iy)) {
             return rb_big_fdiv_double(rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(x)), rb_int2big(iy));
         }
-#endif
         return double_div_double(FIX2LONG(x), iy);
     }
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
@@ -4178,10 +4362,29 @@ fix_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
 }
 
+static bool
+int_accurate_in_double(VALUE n)
+{
+    if (FIXNUM_P(n)) {
+        return accurate_in_double(FIX2LONG(n));
+    }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(n, T_BIGNUM));
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT <= DBL_MANT_DIG
+    int nlz;
+    size_t size = rb_absint_size(n, &nlz);
+    const size_t mant_size = roomof(DBL_MANT_DIG, CHAR_BIT);
+    if (size < mant_size) return true;
+    if (size > mant_size) return false;
+    if ((size_t)nlz >= (CHAR_BIT * mant_size - DBL_MANT_DIG)) return true;
+#endif
+    return false;
+}
+
 double
 rb_int_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y) && !FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y)) {
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y) && !FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y) &&
+        !(int_accurate_in_double(x) && int_accurate_in_double(y))) {
         VALUE gcd = rb_gcd(x, y);
         if (!FIXNUM_ZERO_P(gcd) && gcd != INT2FIX(1)) {
             x = rb_int_idiv(x, gcd);
@@ -4263,16 +4466,18 @@ fix_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   self / numeric -> numeric_result
+ *   self / other -> numeric
+ *
+ * Returns the quotient of +self+ and +other+.
  *
- * Performs division; for integer +numeric+, truncates the result to an integer:
+ * For integer +other+, truncates the result to an integer:
  *
  *   4 / 3              # => 1
  *   4 / -3             # => -2
  *   -4 / 3             # => -2
  *   -4 / -3            # => 1
  *
- *  For other +numeric+, returns non-integer result:
+ * For non-integer +other+, returns a non-integer result:
  *
  *   4 / 3.0            # => 1.3333333333333333
  *   4 / Rational(3, 1) # => (4/3)
@@ -4349,9 +4554,9 @@ fix_mod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self % other -> real_number
+ *    self % other -> real_numeric
  *
- *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a real number.
+ *  Returns +self+ modulo +other+ as a real numeric (\Integer, \Float, or \Rational).
  *
  *  For integer +n+ and real number +r+, these expressions are equivalent:
  *
@@ -4500,9 +4705,9 @@ rb_int_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self ** numeric -> numeric_result
+ *    self ** exponent -> numeric
  *
- *  Raises +self+ to the power of +numeric+:
+ * Returns +self+ raised to the power +exponent+:
  *
  *    2 ** 3              # => 8
  *    2 ** -3             # => (1/8)
@@ -4623,17 +4828,47 @@ fix_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self ** numeric -> numeric_result
- *
- *  Raises +self+ to the power of +numeric+:
- *
- *    2 ** 3              # => 8
- *    2 ** -3             # => (1/8)
- *    -2 ** 3             # => -8
- *    -2 ** -3            # => (-1/8)
- *    2 ** 3.3            # => 9.849155306759329
- *    2 ** Rational(3, 1) # => (8/1)
- *    2 ** Complex(3, 0)  # => (8+0i)
+ *    self ** exponent -> numeric
+ *
+ *  Returns +self+ raised to the power +exponent+:
+ *
+ *    # Result for non-negative Integer exponent is Integer.
+ *    2 ** 0   # => 1
+ *    2 ** 1   # => 2
+ *    2 ** 2   # => 4
+ *    2 ** 3   # => 8
+ *    -2 ** 3  # => -8
+ *    # Result for negative Integer exponent is Rational, not Float.
+ *    2 ** -3  # => (1/8)
+ *    -2 ** -3 # => (-1/8)
+ *
+ *    # Result for Float exponent is Float.
+ *    2 ** 0.0   # => 1.0
+ *    2 ** 1.0   # => 2.0
+ *    2 ** 2.0   # => 4.0
+ *    2 ** 3.0   # => 8.0
+ *    -2 ** 3.0  # => -8.0
+ *    2 ** -3.0  # => 0.125
+ *    -2 ** -3.0 # => -0.125
+ *
+ *    # Result for non-negative Complex exponent is Complex with Integer parts.
+ *    2 ** Complex(0, 0)   # => (1+0i)
+ *    2 ** Complex(1, 0)   # => (2+0i)
+ *    2 ** Complex(2, 0)   # => (4+0i)
+ *    2 ** Complex(3, 0)   # => (8+0i)
+ *    -2 ** Complex(3, 0) # => (-8+0i)
+ *    # Result for negative Complex exponent is Complex with Rational parts.
+ *    2 ** Complex(-3, 0)  # => ((1/8)+(0/1)*i)
+ *    -2 ** Complex(-3, 0) # => ((-1/8)+(0/1)*i)
+ *
+ *    # Result for Rational exponent is Rational.
+ *    2 ** Rational(0, 1)   # => (1/1)
+ *    2 ** Rational(1, 1)   # => (2/1)
+ *    2 ** Rational(2, 1)   # => (4/1)
+ *    2 ** Rational(3, 1)   # => (8/1)
+ *    -2 ** Rational(3, 1)  # => (-8/1)
+ *    2 ** Rational(-3, 1)  # => (1/8)
+ *    -2 ** Rational(-3, 1) # => (-1/8)
  *
  */
 VALUE
@@ -4686,7 +4921,7 @@ fix_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self == other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ is numerically equal to +other+; +false+ otherwise.
+ *  Returns whether +self+ is numerically equal to +other+:
  *
  *    1 == 2     #=> false
  *    1 == 1.0   #=> true
@@ -4732,28 +4967,29 @@ fix_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self <=> other  ->  -1, 0, +1, or nil
+ *    self <=> other -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
  *  Returns:
  *
- *  - -1, if +self+ is less than +other+.
- *  - 0, if +self+ is equal to +other+.
- *  - 1, if +self+ is greater then +other+.
+ *  - +-1+, if +self+ is less than +other+.
+ *  - +0+, if +self+ is equal to +other+.
+ *  - +1+, if +self+ is greater then +other+.
  *  - +nil+, if +self+ and +other+ are incomparable.
  *
  *  Examples:
  *
  *    1 <=> 2              # => -1
  *    1 <=> 1              # => 0
- *    1 <=> 0              # => 1
- *    1 <=> 'foo'          # => nil
- *
  *    1 <=> 1.0            # => 0
  *    1 <=> Rational(1, 1) # => 0
  *    1 <=> Complex(1, 0)  # => 0
+ *    1 <=> 0              # => 1
+ *    1 <=> 'foo'          # => nil
  *
- *  This method is the basis for comparisons in module Comparable.
- *
+ *  \Class \Integer includes module Comparable,
+ *  each of whose methods uses Integer#<=> for comparison.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -4791,7 +5027,8 @@ fix_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *    self > other -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if the value of +self+ is greater than that of +other+:
+ * Returns whether the value of +self+ is greater than the value of +other+;
+ * +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    1 > 0              # => true
  *    1 > 1              # => false
@@ -4835,10 +5072,10 @@ fix_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    self >= real -> true or false
+ *    self >= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the value of +self+ is greater than or equal to
- *  that of +other+:
+ *  Returns whether the value of +self+ is greater than or equal to the value of +other+;
+ *  +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    1 >= 0              # => true
  *    1 >= 1              # => true
@@ -4883,7 +5120,8 @@ fix_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  * call-seq:
  *    self < other -> true or false
  *
- * Returns +true+ if the value of +self+ is less than that of +other+:
+ * Returns whether the value of +self+ is less than the value of +other+;
+ * +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    1 < 0              # => false
  *    1 < 1              # => false
@@ -4891,8 +5129,6 @@ fix_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *    1 < 0.5            # => false
  *    1 < Rational(1, 2) # => false
  *
- *  Raises an exception if the comparison cannot be made.
- *
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4927,10 +5163,10 @@ fix_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    self <= real -> true or false
+ *    self <= other -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the value of +self+ is less than or equal to
- *  that of +other+:
+ * Returns whether the value of +self+ is less than or equal to the value of +other+;
+ * +other+ must be numeric, but may not be Complex:
  *
  *    1 <= 0              # => false
  *    1 <= 1              # => true
@@ -5115,8 +5351,8 @@ fix_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *
  */
 
-static VALUE
-int_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_int_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
         return fix_xor(x, y);
@@ -5289,9 +5525,22 @@ generate_mask(VALUE len)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+int_aref2(VALUE num, VALUE beg, VALUE len)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(num, T_BIGNUM)) {
+        return rb_big_aref2(num, beg, len);
+    }
+    else {
+        num = rb_int_rshift(num, beg);
+        VALUE mask = generate_mask(len);
+        return rb_int_and(num, mask);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
 int_aref1(VALUE num, VALUE arg)
 {
-    VALUE orig_num = num, beg, end;
+    VALUE beg, end;
     int excl;
 
     if (rb_range_values(arg, &beg, &end, &excl)) {
@@ -5311,22 +5560,19 @@ int_aref1(VALUE num, VALUE arg)
                 return INT2FIX(0);
             }
         }
-        num = rb_int_rshift(num, beg);
 
         int cmp = compare_indexes(beg, end);
         if (!NIL_P(end) && cmp < 0) {
             VALUE len = rb_int_minus(end, beg);
             if (!excl) len = rb_int_plus(len, INT2FIX(1));
-            VALUE mask = generate_mask(len);
-            num = rb_int_and(num, mask);
+            return int_aref2(num, beg, len);
         }
         else if (cmp == 0) {
             if (excl) return INT2FIX(0);
-            num = orig_num;
             arg = beg;
             goto one_bit;
         }
-        return num;
+        return rb_int_rshift(num, beg);
     }
 
 one_bit:
@@ -5339,15 +5585,6 @@ one_bit:
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-int_aref2(VALUE num, VALUE beg, VALUE len)
-{
-    num = rb_int_rshift(num, beg);
-    VALUE mask = generate_mask(len);
-    num = rb_int_and(num, mask);
-    return num;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     self[offset]    -> 0 or 1
@@ -5552,7 +5789,7 @@ rb_int_digits_bigbase(VALUE num, VALUE base)
     }
 
     bases = rb_ary_new();
-    for (VALUE b = base; int_lt(b, num) == Qtrue; b = rb_int_mul(b, b)) {
+    for (VALUE b = base; int_le(b, num) == Qtrue; b = rb_int_mul(b, b)) {
         rb_ary_push(bases, b);
     }
     digits = rb_ary_new_from_args(1, num);
@@ -5717,7 +5954,7 @@ int_downto(VALUE from, VALUE to)
             rb_yield(i);
             i = rb_funcall(i, '-', 1, INT2FIX(1));
         }
-        if (NIL_P(c)) rb_cmperr(i, to);
+        ensure_cmp(c, i, to);
     }
     return from;
 }
@@ -5978,7 +6215,11 @@ prefix##_isqrt(argtype n) \
         while ((t = n/x) < (argtype)x) x = (rettype)((x + t) >> 1); \
         return x; \
     } \
-    return (rettype)sqrt(argtype##_TO_DOUBLE(n)); \
+    rettype x = (rettype)sqrt(argtype##_TO_DOUBLE(n)); \
+    /* libm sqrt may returns a larger approximation than actual. */ \
+    /* Our isqrt always returns a smaller approximation. */ \
+    if (x * x > n) x--; \
+    return x; \
 }
 
 #if SIZEOF_LONG*CHAR_BIT > DBL_MANT_DIG
@@ -6192,8 +6433,8 @@ int_s_try_convert(VALUE self, VALUE num)
  *
  * First, what's elsewhere. Class \Numeric:
  *
- * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
- * - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@What-27s+Here].
+ * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@Whats+Here].
+ * - Includes {module Comparable}[rdoc-ref:Comparable@Whats+Here].
  *
  * Here, class \Numeric provides methods for:
  *
@@ -6362,7 +6603,7 @@ Init_Numeric(void)
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "&", rb_int_and, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "|", int_or,  1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "^", int_xor, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "^", rb_int_xor, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "[]", int_aref, -1);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "<<", rb_int_lshift, 1);
@@ -6450,7 +6691,7 @@ Init_Numeric(void)
      *
      *	If the platform supports denormalized numbers,
      *	there are numbers between zero and Float::MIN.
-     *	0.0.next_float returns the smallest positive floating point number
+     *	+0.0.next_float+ returns the smallest positive floating point number
      *	including denormalized numbers.
      */
     rb_define_const(rb_cFloat, "MIN", DBL2NUM(DBL_MIN));
diff --git a/numeric.rb b/numeric.rb
index 27e9951fd3..306561943d 100644
--- a/numeric.rb
+++ b/numeric.rb
@@ -93,9 +93,14 @@ end
 
 class Integer
   # call-seq:
-  #    -int -> integer
+  #   -self -> integer
+  #
+  # Returns +self+, negated:
+  #
+  #   -1    # => -1
+  #   -(-1) # => 1
+  #   -0    # => 0
   #
-  # Returns +self+, negated.
   def -@
     Primitive.attr! :leaf
     Primitive.cexpr! 'rb_int_uminus(self)'
@@ -322,7 +327,7 @@ class Integer
     1
   end
 
-  with_yjit do
+  with_jit do
     if Primitive.rb_builtin_basic_definition_p(:downto)
       undef :downto
 
@@ -373,9 +378,13 @@ class Float
   alias magnitude abs
 
   # call-seq:
-  #   -float -> float
+  #   -self -> float
+  #
+  # Returns +self+, negated:
   #
-  # Returns +self+, negated.
+  #   -3.14    # => -3.14
+  #   -(-3.14) # => 3.14
+  #   -0.0     # => -0.0
   #
   def -@
     Primitive.attr! :leaf
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 74f58a15bd..2e962b1c3c 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -46,14 +46,9 @@
 
 /* Flags of RObject
  *
- * 1:    ROBJECT_EMBED
- *           The object has its instance variables embedded (the array of
- *           instance variables directly follow the object, rather than being
- *           on a separately allocated buffer).
- * if !SHAPE_IN_BASIC_FLAGS
- * 4-19: SHAPE_FLAG_MASK
- *           Shape ID for the object.
- * endif
+ * 4:    ROBJECT_HEAP
+ *           The object has its instance variables in a separately allocated buffer.
+ *           This can be either a flat buffer of reference, or an st_table for complex objects.
  */
 
 /*!
@@ -87,6 +82,7 @@ static VALUE rb_cFalseClass_to_s;
 #define id_init_dup         idInitialize_dup
 #define id_const_missing    idConst_missing
 #define id_to_f             idTo_f
+static ID id_instance_variables_to_inspect;
 
 #define CLASS_OR_MODULE_P(obj) \
     (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && \
@@ -94,11 +90,6 @@ static VALUE rb_cFalseClass_to_s;
 
 /*! \endcond */
 
-size_t
-rb_obj_embedded_size(uint32_t numiv)
-{
-    return offsetof(struct RObject, as.ary) + (sizeof(VALUE) * numiv);
-}
 
 VALUE
 rb_obj_hide(VALUE obj)
@@ -118,40 +109,11 @@ rb_obj_reveal(VALUE obj, VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_class_allocate_instance(VALUE klass)
-{
-    uint32_t index_tbl_num_entries = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->max_iv_count;
-
-    size_t size = rb_obj_embedded_size(index_tbl_num_entries);
-    if (!rb_gc_size_allocatable_p(size)) {
-        size = sizeof(struct RObject);
-    }
-
-    NEWOBJ_OF(o, struct RObject, klass,
-              T_OBJECT | ROBJECT_EMBED | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_OBJECT ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0), size, 0);
-    VALUE obj = (VALUE)o;
-
-    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_shape_get_shape(obj)->type == SHAPE_ROOT);
-
-    // Set the shape to the specific T_OBJECT shape.
-    ROBJECT_SET_SHAPE_ID(obj, (shape_id_t)(rb_gc_heap_id_for_size(size) + FIRST_T_OBJECT_SHAPE_ID));
-
-#if RUBY_DEBUG
-    RUBY_ASSERT(!rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj));
-    VALUE *ptr = ROBJECT_IVPTR(obj);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ROBJECT_IV_CAPACITY(obj); i++) {
-        ptr[i] = Qundef;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    return obj;
-}
 
 VALUE
 rb_obj_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE klass, VALUE type)
 {
-    VALUE ignored_flags = RUBY_FL_PROMOTED | RUBY_FL_SEEN_OBJ_ID;
+    VALUE ignored_flags = RUBY_FL_PROMOTED;
     RBASIC(obj)->flags = (type & ~ignored_flags) | (RBASIC(obj)->flags & ignored_flags);
     RBASIC_SET_CLASS(obj, klass);
     return obj;
@@ -165,7 +127,7 @@ rb_obj_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE klass, VALUE type)
  *
  * Returns +true+ or +false+.
  *
- * Like Object#==, if +object+ is an instance of Object
+ * Like Object#==, if +other+ is an instance of \Object
  * (and not an instance of one of its many subclasses).
  *
  * This method is commonly overridden by those subclasses,
@@ -203,14 +165,18 @@ rb_eql(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2)
 
 /**
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj == other        -> true or false
- *     obj.equal?(other)   -> true or false
- *     obj.eql?(other)     -> true or false
+ *     self == other -> true or false
+ *     equal?(other) -> true or false
+ *     eql?(other) -> true or false
  *
- *  Equality --- At the Object level, #== returns <code>true</code>
- *  only if +obj+ and +other+ are the same object.  Typically, this
- *  method is overridden in descendant classes to provide
- *  class-specific meaning.
+ *  Returns whether +self+ and +other+ are the same object:
+ *
+ *    object = Object.new
+ *    object == object     # => true
+ *    object == Object.new # => false
+ *
+ *  Here in class \Object, #==, #equal?, and #eql? are the same method.
+ *  A subclass may override #== to provide class-specific meaning.
  *
  *  Unlike #==, the #equal? method should never be overridden by
  *  subclasses as it is used to determine object identity (that is,
@@ -283,12 +249,38 @@ rb_obj_not_equal(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2)
     return rb_obj_not(result);
 }
 
+static inline VALUE
+fake_class_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(klass);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
+    STATIC_ASSERT(t_iclass_overlap_t_class, !(T_CLASS & T_ICLASS));
+    STATIC_ASSERT(t_iclass_overlap_t_module, !(T_MODULE & T_ICLASS));
+
+    return FL_TEST_RAW(klass, T_ICLASS | FL_SINGLETON);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+class_real(VALUE cl)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(cl);
+
+    // TODO: In the future we should only call this with T_CLASS
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(cl, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(cl, T_ICLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(cl, T_MODULE));
+
+    while (RB_UNLIKELY(fake_class_p(cl))) {
+        // All paths through super in any box will eventually result in the
+        // same class.
+        cl = RCLASSEXT_SUPER(RCLASS_EXT_PRIME(cl));
+    }
+    return cl;
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_class_real(VALUE cl)
 {
-    while (cl &&
-        (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(cl) || BUILTIN_TYPE(cl) == T_ICLASS)) {
-        cl = RCLASS_SUPER(cl);
+    if (cl) {
+        cl = class_real(cl);
     }
     return cl;
 }
@@ -296,7 +288,17 @@ rb_class_real(VALUE cl)
 VALUE
 rb_obj_class(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return rb_class_real(CLASS_OF(obj));
+    VALUE cl = CLASS_OF(obj);
+    if (cl) {
+        cl = class_real(cl);
+    }
+    return cl;
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+rb_obj_class_must(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return class_real(CLASS_OF(obj));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -326,65 +328,47 @@ rb_obj_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
 void
 rb_obj_copy_ivar(VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
 {
-    RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) && !RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_MODULE));
-
-    RUBY_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(dest) == BUILTIN_TYPE(obj));
-    rb_shape_t * src_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(obj);
-
-    if (rb_shape_obj_too_complex(obj)) {
-        // obj is TOO_COMPLEX so we can copy its iv_hash
-        st_table *table = st_copy(ROBJECT_IV_HASH(obj));
-        rb_obj_convert_to_too_complex(dest, table);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_OBJECT));
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(dest, T_OBJECT));
 
+    unsigned long src_num_ivs = rb_ivar_count(obj);
+    if (!src_num_ivs) {
         return;
     }
 
-    uint32_t src_num_ivs = RBASIC_IV_COUNT(obj);
-    rb_shape_t * shape_to_set_on_dest = src_shape;
-    VALUE * src_buf;
-    VALUE * dest_buf;
+    shape_id_t src_shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(obj);
 
-    if (!src_num_ivs) {
+    if (rb_shape_complex_p(src_shape_id)) {
+        rb_shape_copy_complex_ivars(dest, obj, src_shape_id, ROBJECT_FIELDS_HASH(obj));
         return;
     }
 
-    // The copy should be mutable, so we don't want the frozen shape
-    if (rb_shape_frozen_shape_p(src_shape)) {
-        shape_to_set_on_dest = rb_shape_get_parent(src_shape);
-    }
-
-    src_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(obj);
-    dest_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(dest);
-
-    rb_shape_t * initial_shape = rb_shape_get_shape(dest);
-
-    if (initial_shape->heap_index != src_shape->heap_index) {
-        RUBY_ASSERT(initial_shape->type == SHAPE_T_OBJECT);
+    shape_id_t initial_shape_id = RBASIC_SHAPE_ID(dest);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RSHAPE_TYPE_P(initial_shape_id, SHAPE_ROOT));
 
-        shape_to_set_on_dest = rb_shape_rebuild_shape(initial_shape, src_shape);
-        if (UNLIKELY(rb_shape_id(shape_to_set_on_dest) == OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID)) {
-            st_table * table = rb_st_init_numtable_with_size(src_num_ivs);
-            rb_obj_copy_ivs_to_hash_table(obj, table);
-            rb_obj_convert_to_too_complex(dest, table);
+    shape_id_t dest_shape_id = rb_shape_rebuild(initial_shape_id, src_shape_id);
+    if (UNLIKELY(rb_shape_complex_p(dest_shape_id))) {
+        st_table *table = rb_st_init_numtable_with_size(src_num_ivs);
+        rb_obj_copy_ivs_to_hash_table(obj, table);
+        rb_obj_init_complex(dest, table);
 
-            return;
-        }
+        return;
     }
 
-    RUBY_ASSERT(src_num_ivs <= shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity || rb_shape_id(shape_to_set_on_dest) == OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX_SHAPE_ID);
-    if (initial_shape->capacity < shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity) {
-        rb_ensure_iv_list_size(dest, initial_shape->capacity, shape_to_set_on_dest->capacity);
-        dest_buf = ROBJECT_IVPTR(dest);
-    }
+    VALUE *src_buf = ROBJECT_FIELDS(obj);
+    VALUE *dest_buf = ROBJECT_FIELDS(dest);
 
-    MEMCPY(dest_buf, src_buf, VALUE, src_num_ivs);
+    attr_index_t initial_capa = RSHAPE_CAPACITY(initial_shape_id);
+    attr_index_t dest_capa = RSHAPE_CAPACITY(dest_shape_id);
 
-    // Fire write barriers
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < src_num_ivs; i++) {
-        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(dest, Qundef, dest_buf[i]);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(src_num_ivs <= dest_capa);
+    if (initial_capa < dest_capa) {
+        rb_ensure_iv_list_size(dest, 0, dest_capa);
+        dest_buf = ROBJECT_FIELDS(dest);
     }
 
-    rb_shape_set_shape(dest, shape_to_set_on_dest);
+    rb_shape_copy_fields(dest, dest_buf, dest_shape_id, src_buf, src_shape_id);
+    RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(dest, dest_shape_id);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -393,14 +377,25 @@ init_copy(VALUE dest, VALUE obj)
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(dest)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "[bug] frozen object (%s) allocated", rb_obj_classname(dest));
     }
-    RBASIC(dest)->flags &= ~(T_MASK|FL_EXIVAR);
+    RBASIC(dest)->flags &= ~T_MASK;
     // Copies the shape id from obj to dest
-    RBASIC(dest)->flags |= RBASIC(obj)->flags & (T_MASK|FL_EXIVAR);
-    rb_gc_copy_attributes(dest, obj);
-    rb_copy_generic_ivar(dest, obj);
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_OBJECT)) {
+    RBASIC(dest)->flags |= RBASIC(obj)->flags & T_MASK;
+    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_IMEMO:
+        rb_bug("Unreachable");
+        break;
+      case T_CLASS:
+      case T_MODULE:
+        rb_mod_init_copy(dest, obj);
+        break;
+      case T_OBJECT:
         rb_obj_copy_ivar(dest, obj);
+        break;
+      default:
+        rb_copy_generic_ivar(dest, obj);
+        break;
     }
+    rb_gc_copy_attributes(dest, obj);
 }
 
 static VALUE immutable_obj_clone(VALUE obj, VALUE kwfreeze);
@@ -506,13 +501,8 @@ rb_obj_clone_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE clone, VALUE kwfreeze)
         }
 
         if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) {
-            rb_shape_t * next_shape = rb_shape_transition_shape_frozen(clone);
-            if (!rb_shape_obj_too_complex(clone) && next_shape->type == SHAPE_OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX) {
-                rb_evict_ivars_to_hash(clone);
-            }
-            else {
-                rb_shape_set_shape(clone, next_shape);
-            }
+            shape_id_t next_shape_id = rb_obj_shape_transition_frozen(clone);
+            RBASIC_SET_SHAPE_ID(clone, next_shape_id);
         }
         break;
       case Qtrue: {
@@ -527,16 +517,7 @@ rb_obj_clone_setup(VALUE obj, VALUE clone, VALUE kwfreeze)
         argv[0] = obj;
         argv[1] = freeze_true_hash;
         rb_funcallv_kw(clone, id_init_clone, 2, argv, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
-        RBASIC(clone)->flags |= FL_FREEZE;
-        rb_shape_t * next_shape = rb_shape_transition_shape_frozen(clone);
-        // If we're out of shapes, but we want to freeze, then we need to
-        // evacuate this clone to a hash
-        if (!rb_shape_obj_too_complex(clone) && next_shape->type == SHAPE_OBJ_TOO_COMPLEX) {
-            rb_evict_ivars_to_hash(clone);
-        }
-        else {
-            rb_shape_set_shape(clone, next_shape);
-        }
+        OBJ_FREEZE(clone);
         break;
       }
       case Qfalse: {
@@ -755,11 +736,17 @@ rb_inspect(VALUE obj)
 static int
 inspect_i(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a)
 {
-    VALUE str = (VALUE)a;
+    VALUE *args = (VALUE *)a, str = args[0], ivars = args[1];
 
     /* need not to show internal data */
     if (CLASS_OF(value) == 0) return ST_CONTINUE;
     if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) return ST_CONTINUE;
+    if (!NIL_P(ivars)) {
+        VALUE name = ID2SYM(id);
+        for (long i = 0; RARRAY_AREF(ivars, i) != name; ) {
+            if (++i >= RARRAY_LEN(ivars)) return ST_CONTINUE;
+        }
+    }
     if (RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] == '-') { /* first element */
         RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] = '#';
         rb_str_cat2(str, " ");
@@ -774,13 +761,15 @@ inspect_i(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-inspect_obj(VALUE obj, VALUE str, int recur)
+inspect_obj(VALUE obj, VALUE a, int recur)
 {
+    VALUE *args = (VALUE *)a, str = args[0];
+
     if (recur) {
         rb_str_cat2(str, " ...");
     }
     else {
-        rb_ivar_foreach(obj, inspect_i, str);
+        rb_ivar_foreach_buffered(obj, inspect_i, a);
     }
     rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
     RSTRING_PTR(str)[0] = '#';
@@ -813,23 +802,67 @@ inspect_obj(VALUE obj, VALUE str, int recur)
  *       end
  *     end
  *     Bar.new.inspect                  #=> "#<Bar:0x0300c868 @bar=1>"
+ *
+ * If _obj_ responds to +instance_variables_to_inspect+, then only
+ * the instance variables listed in the returned array will be included
+ * in the inspect string.
+ *
+ *
+ *     class DatabaseConfig
+ *       def initialize(host, user, password)
+ *         @host = host
+ *         @user = user
+ *         @password = password
+ *       end
+ *
+ *     private
+ *       def instance_variables_to_inspect = [:@host, :@user]
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     conf = DatabaseConfig.new("localhost", "root", "hunter2")
+ *     conf.inspect #=> #<DatabaseConfig:0x0000000104def350 @host="localhost", @user="root">
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_obj_inspect(VALUE obj)
 {
-    if (rb_ivar_count(obj) > 0) {
-        VALUE str;
-        VALUE c = rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj));
+    VALUE ivars = rb_check_funcall(obj, id_instance_variables_to_inspect, 0, 0);
+    st_index_t n = 0;
+    if (UNDEF_P(ivars) || NIL_P(ivars)) {
+        n = rb_ivar_count(obj);
+        ivars = Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(ivars, T_ARRAY)) {
+        n = RARRAY_LEN(ivars);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(
+            rb_eTypeError,
+            "Expected #instance_variables_to_inspect to return an Array or nil, but it returned %"PRIsVALUE,
+            rb_obj_class(ivars)
+        );
+    }
 
-        str = rb_sprintf("-<%"PRIsVALUE":%p", c, (void*)obj);
-        return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_obj, obj, str);
+    if (n > 0) {
+        VALUE c = rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj));
+        VALUE args[2] = {
+            rb_sprintf("-<%"PRIsVALUE":%p", c, (void*)obj),
+            ivars
+        };
+        return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_obj, obj, (VALUE)args);
     }
     else {
         return rb_any_to_s(obj);
     }
 }
 
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_obj_instance_variables_to_inspect(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 class_or_module_required(VALUE c)
 {
@@ -1193,6 +1226,30 @@ rb_class_search_ancestor(VALUE cl, VALUE c)
  *
  *   Added :FOO
  *
+ * If we define a class using the <tt>class</tt> keyword, <tt>const_added</tt>
+ * runs before <tt>inherited</tt>:
+ *
+ *   module M
+ *     def self.const_added(const_name)
+ *       super
+ *       p :const_added
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     parent = Class.new do
+ *       def self.inherited(subclass)
+ *         super
+ *         p :inherited
+ *       end
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     class Child < parent
+ *     end
+ *   end
+ *
+ * <em>produces:</em>
+ *
+ *   :const_added
+ *   :inherited
  */
 #define rb_obj_mod_const_added rb_obj_dummy1
 
@@ -1498,10 +1555,10 @@ rb_true_to_s(VALUE obj)
 
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *    true & object -> true or false
+ * call-seq:
+ *   true & object -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +false+ if +object+ is +false+ or +nil+, +true+ otherwise:
+ * Returns +false+ if +object+ is +false+ or +nil+, +true+ otherwise:
  *
  *  true & Object.new # => true
  *  true & false      # => false
@@ -1684,21 +1741,33 @@ rb_obj_not_match(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj <=> other -> 0 or nil
+ *     self <=> other -> 0 or nil
+ *
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
- *  Returns 0 if +obj+ and +other+ are the same object
- *  or <code>obj == other</code>, otherwise nil.
+ *  Returns:
  *
- *  The #<=> is used by various methods to compare objects, for example
- *  Enumerable#sort, Enumerable#max etc.
+ *  - +0+, if +self+ and +other+ are the same object,
+ *    or if <tt>self == other</tt>.
+ *  - +nil+, otherwise.
  *
- *  Your implementation of #<=> should return one of the following values: -1, 0,
- *  1 or nil. -1 means self is smaller than other. 0 means self is equal to other.
- *  1 means self is bigger than other. Nil means the two values could not be
- *  compared.
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *    o = Object.new
+ *    o <=> o     # => 0
+ *    o <=> o.dup # => nil
+ *
+ *  A class that includes module Comparable
+ *  should override this method by defining an instance method that:
+ *
+ *  - Take one argument, +other+.
+ *  - Returns:
+ *
+ *    - +-1+, if +self+ is less than +other+.
+ *    - +0+, if +self+ is equal to +other+.
+ *    - +1+, if +self+ is greater than +other+.
+ *    - +nil+, if the two values are incommensurate.
  *
- *  When you define #<=>, you can include Comparable to gain the
- *  methods #<=, #<, #==, #>=, #> and #between?.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_obj_cmp(VALUE obj1, VALUE obj2)
@@ -1798,11 +1867,12 @@ rb_mod_freeze(VALUE mod)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     mod === obj    -> true or false
+ *     self === other -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns whether +other+ is an instance of +self+,
+ *  or is an instance of a subclass of +self+.
  *
- *  Case Equality---Returns <code>true</code> if <i>obj</i> is an
- *  instance of <i>mod</i> or an instance of one of <i>mod</i>'s descendants.
- *  Of limited use for modules, but can be used in <code>case</code> statements
+ *  Of limited use for modules, but can be used in +case+ statements
  *  to classify objects by class.
  */
 
@@ -1814,13 +1884,27 @@ rb_mod_eqq(VALUE mod, VALUE arg)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   mod <= other   ->  true, false, or nil
+ *   self <= other -> true, false, or nil
+ *
+ * Compares +self+ and +other+ with respect to ancestry and inclusion.
+ *
+ * Returns +nil+ if there is no such relationship between the two:
+ *
+ *   Array <= Hash       # => nil
+ *
+ * Otherwise, returns +true+ if +other+ is an ancestor of +self+,
+ * or if +self+ includes +other+,
+ * or if the two are the same:
+ *
+ *   File  <= IO         # => true  # IO is an ancestor of File.
+ *   Array <= Enumerable # => true  # Array includes Enumerable.
+ *   Array <= Array      # => true
+ *
+ * Otherwise, returns +false+:
+ *
+ *   IO         <= File  # => false
+ *   Enumerable <= Array # => false
  *
- * Returns true if <i>mod</i> is a subclass of <i>other</i> or
- * is the same as <i>other</i>. Returns
- * <code>nil</code> if there's no relationship between the two.
- * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition:
- * "class A < B" implies "A < B".)
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -1866,14 +1950,26 @@ rb_class_inherited_p(VALUE mod, VALUE arg)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   mod < other   ->  true, false, or nil
+ *   self < other -> true, false, or nil
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if +self+ is a descendant of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a subclass of +other+ or +self+ includes +other+):
+ *
+ *   Float < Numeric    # => true
+ *   Array < Enumerable # => true
+ *
+ * Returns +false+ if +self+ is an ancestor of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a superclass of +other+ or +self+ is included in +other+) or
+ * if +self+ is the same as +other+:
+ *
+ *   Numeric < Float    # => false
+ *   Enumerable < Array # => false
+ *   Float < Float      # => false
+ *
+ * Returns +nil+ if there is no relationship between the two:
  *
- * Returns true if <i>mod</i> is a subclass of <i>other</i>. Returns
- * <code>false</code> if <i>mod</i> is the same as <i>other</i>
- * or <i>mod</i> is an ancestor of <i>other</i>.
- * Returns <code>nil</code> if there's no relationship between the two.
- * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition:
- * "class A < B" implies "A < B".)
+ *   Float < Hash        # => nil
+ *   Enumerable < String # => nil
  *
  */
 
@@ -1887,13 +1983,28 @@ rb_mod_lt(VALUE mod, VALUE arg)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   mod >= other   ->  true, false, or nil
+ *   self >= other -> true, false, or nil
+ *
+ * Compares +self+ and +other+ with respect to ancestry and inclusion.
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if +self+ is an ancestor of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a superclass of +other+ or +self+ is included in +other+) or
+ * if +self+ is the same as +other+:
+ *
+ *   Numeric >= Float    # => true
+ *   Enumerable >= Array # => true
+ *   Float >= Float      # => true
+ *
+ * Returns +false+ if +self+ is a descendant of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a subclass of +other+ or +self+ includes +other+):
+ *
+ *   Float >= Numeric    # => false
+ *   Array >= Enumerable # => false
+ *
+ * Returns +nil+ if there is no relationship between the two:
  *
- * Returns true if <i>mod</i> is an ancestor of <i>other</i>, or the
- * two modules are the same. Returns
- * <code>nil</code> if there's no relationship between the two.
- * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition:
- * "class A < B" implies "B > A".)
+ *   Float >= Hash        # => nil
+ *   Enumerable >= String # => nil
  *
  */
 
@@ -1909,14 +2020,26 @@ rb_mod_ge(VALUE mod, VALUE arg)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   mod > other   ->  true, false, or nil
+ *   self > other -> true, false, or nil
  *
- * Returns true if <i>mod</i> is an ancestor of <i>other</i>. Returns
- * <code>false</code> if <i>mod</i> is the same as <i>other</i>
- * or <i>mod</i> is a descendant of <i>other</i>.
- * Returns <code>nil</code> if there's no relationship between the two.
- * (Think of the relationship in terms of the class definition:
- * "class A < B" implies "B > A".)
+ * Returns +true+ if +self+ is an ancestor of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a superclass of +other+ or +self+ is included in +other+):
+ *
+ *   Numeric > Float    # => true
+ *   Enumerable > Array # => true
+ *
+ * Returns +false+ if +self+ is a descendant of +other+
+ * (+self+ is a subclass of +other+ or +self+ includes +other+) or
+ * if +self+ is the same as +other+:
+ *
+ *   Float > Numeric    # => false
+ *   Array > Enumerable # => false
+ *   Float > Float      # => false
+ *
+ * Returns +nil+ if there is no relationship between the two:
+ *
+ *   Float > Hash        # => nil
+ *   Enumerable > String # => nil
  *
  */
 
@@ -1929,14 +2052,30 @@ rb_mod_gt(VALUE mod, VALUE arg)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     module <=> other_module   -> -1, 0, +1, or nil
+ *     self <=> other -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *
+ *  Compares +self+ and +other+.
  *
- *  Comparison---Returns -1, 0, +1 or nil depending on whether +module+
- *  includes +other_module+, they are the same, or if +module+ is included by
- *  +other_module+.
+ *  Returns:
+ *
+ *  - +-1+, if +self+ includes +other+, if or +self+ is a subclass of +other+.
+ *  - +0+, if +self+ and +other+ are the same.
+ *  - +1+, if +other+ includes +self+, or if +other+ is a subclass of +self+.
+ *  - +nil+, if none of the above is true.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *    # Class Array includes module Enumerable.
+ *             Array <=> Enumerable # => -1
+ *        Enumerable <=> Enumerable # =>  0
+ *        Enumerable <=> Array      # =>  1
+ *    # Class File is a subclass of class IO.
+ *              File <=> IO         # => -1
+ *              File <=> File       # =>  0
+ *                IO <=> File       # =>  1
+ *    # Class File has no relationship to class String.
+ *              File <=> String     # => nil
  *
- *  Returns +nil+ if +module+ has no relationship with +other_module+, if
- *  +other_module+ is not a module, or if the two values are incomparable.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1961,28 +2100,52 @@ static VALUE rb_mod_initialize_exec(VALUE module);
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *    Module.new                  -> mod
- *    Module.new {|mod| block }   -> mod
+ *    Module.new -> new_module
+ *    Module.new {|module| ... } -> new_module
  *
- *  Creates a new anonymous module. If a block is given, it is passed
- *  the module object, and the block is evaluated in the context of this
- *  module like #module_eval.
+ *  Returns a new anonymous module.
  *
- *     fred = Module.new do
- *       def meth1
- *         "hello"
- *       end
- *       def meth2
- *         "bye"
- *       end
- *     end
- *     a = "my string"
- *     a.extend(fred)   #=> "my string"
- *     a.meth1          #=> "hello"
- *     a.meth2          #=> "bye"
+ *  The module may be assigned to a name,
+ *  which should be a constant name
+ *  in capitalized {camel case}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_case]
+ *  (e.g., +MyModule+, not +MY_MODULE+).
+ *
+ *  With no block given, returns the new module.
+ *
+ *    MyModule = Module.new
+ *    MyModule.class # => Module
+ *    MyModule.name  # => "MyModule"
+ *
+ *  With a block given, calls the block with the new (not yet named) module:
+ *
+ *    MyModule = Module.new {|m| p [m.class, m.name] }
+ *    # => MyModule
+ *    MyModule.class # => Module
+      MyModule.name  # => "MyModule"
+ *
+ *  Output (from the block):
+ *
+ *    [Module, nil]
+ *
+ *  The block may define methods and constants for the module:
+ *
+ *    MyModule = Module.new do |m|
+ *      MY_CONSTANT = "#{MyModule} constant value"
+ *      def self.method1 = "#{MyModule} first method (singleton)"
+ *      def method2 =      "#{MyModule} Second method (instance)"
+ *    end
+ *    MyModule.method1 # => "MyModule first method (singleton)"
+ *    class Foo
+ *      include MyModule
+ *      def speak
+ *        MY_CONSTANT
+ *      end
+ *    end
+ *    foo = Foo.new
+ *    foo.method2      # => "MyModule Second method (instance)"
+ *    foo.speak
+ *    # => "MyModule constant value"
  *
- *  Assign the module to a constant (name starting uppercase) if you
- *  want to treat it like a regular module.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2056,11 +2219,13 @@ rb_class_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     else {
         super = argv[0];
         rb_check_inheritable(super);
-        if (super != rb_cBasicObject && !RCLASS_SUPER(super)) {
+        if (!RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(super)) {
             rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't inherit uninitialized class");
         }
     }
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
+    rb_class_set_super(klass, super);
+    RCLASS_SET_MAX_IV_COUNT(klass, RCLASS_MAX_IV_COUNT(super));
+    RCLASS_SET_ALLOCATOR(klass, RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(super));
     rb_make_metaclass(klass, RBASIC(super)->klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
     rb_mod_initialize_exec(klass);
@@ -2102,19 +2267,9 @@ static VALUE class_call_alloc_func(rb_alloc_func_t allocator, VALUE klass);
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_class_alloc_m(VALUE klass)
-{
-    rb_alloc_func_t allocator = class_get_alloc_func(klass);
-    if (!rb_obj_respond_to(klass, rb_intern("allocate"), 1)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "calling %"PRIsVALUE".allocate is prohibited",
-                 klass);
-    }
-    return class_call_alloc_func(allocator, klass);
-}
-
-static VALUE
 rb_class_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
+    RBIMPL_ASSERT_TYPE(klass, T_CLASS);
     rb_alloc_func_t allocator = class_get_alloc_func(klass);
     return class_call_alloc_func(allocator, klass);
 }
@@ -2124,7 +2279,7 @@ class_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass)
 {
     rb_alloc_func_t allocator;
 
-    if (RCLASS_SUPER(klass) == 0 && klass != rb_cBasicObject) {
+    if (!RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(klass)) {
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't instantiate uninitialized class");
     }
     if (RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass)) {
@@ -2137,6 +2292,15 @@ class_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass)
     return allocator;
 }
 
+// Might return NULL.
+rb_alloc_func_t
+rb_zjit_class_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass)
+{
+    assert(RCLASS_INITIALIZED_P(klass));
+    assert(!RCLASS_SINGLETON_P(klass));
+    return rb_get_alloc_func(klass);
+}
+
 static VALUE
 class_call_alloc_func(rb_alloc_func_t allocator, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -2146,9 +2310,7 @@ class_call_alloc_func(rb_alloc_func_t allocator, VALUE klass)
 
     obj = (*allocator)(klass);
 
-    if (rb_obj_class(obj) != rb_class_real(klass)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong instance allocation");
-    }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(rb_obj_class(obj) == rb_class_real(klass));
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -2231,19 +2393,22 @@ rb_class_superclass(VALUE klass)
 {
     RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS));
 
-    VALUE super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
+    VALUE *superclasses = RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass);
+    size_t superclasses_depth = RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass);
+
+    if (klass == rb_cBasicObject) return Qnil;
 
-    if (!super) {
-        if (klass == rb_cBasicObject) return Qnil;
+    if (!superclasses) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(!RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "uninitialized class");
     }
 
-    if (!RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass)) {
+    if (!superclasses_depth) {
         return Qnil;
     }
     else {
-        super = RCLASS_SUPERCLASSES(klass)[RCLASS_SUPERCLASS_DEPTH(klass) - 1];
-        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS));
+        VALUE super = superclasses[superclasses_depth - 1];
+        RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS));
         return super;
     }
 }
@@ -2251,7 +2416,7 @@ rb_class_superclass(VALUE klass)
 VALUE
 rb_class_get_superclass(VALUE klass)
 {
-    return RCLASS(klass)->super;
+    return RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
 }
 
 static const char bad_instance_name[] = "'%1$s' is not allowed as an instance variable name";
@@ -3137,19 +3302,12 @@ convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, const char *tname, ID method, int raise, int ind
     VALUE r = rb_check_funcall(val, method, 0, 0);
     if (UNDEF_P(r)) {
         if (raise) {
-            const char *msg =
-                ((index < 0 ? conv_method_index(rb_id2name(method)) : index)
-                 < IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS) ?
-                "no implicit conversion of" : "can't convert";
-            const char *cname = NIL_P(val) ? "nil" :
-                val == Qtrue ? "true" :
-                val == Qfalse ? "false" :
-                NULL;
-            if (cname)
-                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s %s into %s", msg, cname, tname);
-            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s %"PRIsVALUE" into %s", msg,
-                     rb_obj_class(val),
-                     tname);
+            if ((index < 0 ? conv_method_index(rb_id2name(method)) : index) < IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS) {
+                rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, tname);
+            }
+            else {
+                rb_cant_convert(val, tname);
+            }
         }
         return Qnil;
     }
@@ -3165,17 +3323,6 @@ convert_type(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method, int raise)
     return convert_type_with_id(val, tname, m, raise, i);
 }
 
-/*! \private */
-NORETURN(static void conversion_mismatch(VALUE, const char *, const char *, VALUE));
-static void
-conversion_mismatch(VALUE val, const char *tname, const char *method, VALUE result)
-{
-    VALUE cname = rb_obj_class(val);
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
-             "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" to %s (%"PRIsVALUE"#%s gives %"PRIsVALUE")",
-             cname, tname, cname, method, rb_obj_class(result));
-}
-
 VALUE
 rb_convert_type(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, const char *method)
 {
@@ -3184,7 +3331,7 @@ rb_convert_type(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, const char *method)
     if (TYPE(val) == type) return val;
     v = convert_type(val, tname, method, TRUE);
     if (TYPE(v) != type) {
-        conversion_mismatch(val, tname, method, v);
+        rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(val, tname, method, v);
     }
     return v;
 }
@@ -3198,7 +3345,7 @@ rb_convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, ID method)
     if (TYPE(val) == type) return val;
     v = convert_type_with_id(val, tname, method, TRUE, -1);
     if (TYPE(v) != type) {
-        conversion_mismatch(val, tname, RSTRING_PTR(rb_id2str(method)), v);
+        rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(val, tname, rb_id2name(method), v);
     }
     return v;
 }
@@ -3213,7 +3360,7 @@ rb_check_convert_type(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, const char *method
     v = convert_type(val, tname, method, FALSE);
     if (NIL_P(v)) return Qnil;
     if (TYPE(v) != type) {
-        conversion_mismatch(val, tname, method, v);
+        rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(val, tname, method, v);
     }
     return v;
 }
@@ -3229,7 +3376,7 @@ rb_check_convert_type_with_id(VALUE val, int type, const char *tname, ID method)
     v = convert_type_with_id(val, tname, method, FALSE, -1);
     if (NIL_P(v)) return Qnil;
     if (TYPE(v) != type) {
-        conversion_mismatch(val, tname, RSTRING_PTR(rb_id2str(method)), v);
+        rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(val, tname, rb_id2name(method), v);
     }
     return v;
 }
@@ -3255,7 +3402,7 @@ rb_to_integer_with_id_exception(VALUE val, const char *method, ID mid, int raise
         return Qnil;
     }
     if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(v)) {
-        conversion_mismatch(val, "Integer", method, v);
+        rb_cant_convert_invalid_return(val, "Integer", method, v);
     }
     GET_EC()->cfp = current_cfp;
     return v;
@@ -3332,7 +3479,7 @@ rb_convert_to_integer(VALUE val, int base, int raise_exception)
     }
     else if (NIL_P(val)) {
         if (!raise_exception) return Qnil;
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert nil into Integer");
+        rb_cant_convert(val, "Integer");
     }
 
     tmp = rb_protect(rb_check_to_int, val, NULL);
@@ -3626,18 +3773,6 @@ rat2dbl_without_to_f(VALUE x)
     }
 /*! \endcond */
 
-static inline void
-conversion_to_float(VALUE val)
-{
-    special_const_to_float(val, "can't convert ", " into Float");
-}
-
-static inline void
-implicit_conversion_to_float(VALUE val)
-{
-    special_const_to_float(val, "no implicit conversion to float from ", "");
-}
-
 static int
 to_float(VALUE *valp, int raise_exception)
 {
@@ -3651,7 +3786,7 @@ to_float(VALUE *valp, int raise_exception)
             return T_FLOAT;
         }
         else if (raise_exception) {
-            conversion_to_float(val);
+            rb_cant_convert(val, "Float");
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -3731,8 +3866,7 @@ static VALUE
 numeric_to_float(VALUE val)
 {
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cNumeric)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Float",
-                 rb_obj_class(val));
+        rb_cant_convert(val, "Float");
     }
     return rb_convert_type_with_id(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", id_to_f);
 }
@@ -3776,7 +3910,7 @@ rb_num_to_dbl(VALUE val)
             return rb_float_flonum_value(val);
         }
         else {
-            conversion_to_float(val);
+            rb_cant_convert(val, "Float");
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -3810,7 +3944,7 @@ rb_num2dbl(VALUE val)
             return rb_float_flonum_value(val);
         }
         else {
-            implicit_conversion_to_float(val);
+            rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Float");
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -3822,7 +3956,7 @@ rb_num2dbl(VALUE val)
           case T_RATIONAL:
             return rat2dbl_without_to_f(val);
           case T_STRING:
-            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no implicit conversion to float from string");
+            rb_no_implicit_conversion(val, "Float");
           default:
             break;
         }
@@ -3916,7 +4050,7 @@ rb_Hash(VALUE val)
     if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
         if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY) && RARRAY_LEN(val) == 0)
             return rb_hash_new();
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %s into Hash", rb_obj_classname(val));
+        rb_cant_convert(val, "Hash");
     }
     return tmp;
 }
@@ -3937,7 +4071,7 @@ rb_Hash(VALUE val)
  *
  *  Examples:
  *
- *    Hash({foo: 0, bar: 1}) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
+ *    Hash({foo: 0, bar: 1}) # => {foo: 0, bar: 1}
  *    Hash(nil)              # => {}
  *    Hash([])               # => {}
  *
@@ -4024,7 +4158,7 @@ rb_obj_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, VALUE notfound)
  *  into +format_string+.
  *
  *  For details on +format_string+, see
- *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
+ *  {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:language/format_specifications.rdoc].
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4189,8 +4323,8 @@ rb_f_loop_size(VALUE self, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
  *
  *  First, what's elsewhere. Class \Object:
  *
- *  - Inherits from {class BasicObject}[rdoc-ref:BasicObject@What-27s+Here].
- *  - Includes {module Kernel}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@What-27s+Here].
+ *  - Inherits from {class BasicObject}[rdoc-ref:BasicObject@Whats+Here].
+ *  - Includes {module Kernel}[rdoc-ref:Kernel@Whats+Here].
  *
  *  Here, class \Object provides methods for:
  *
@@ -4284,7 +4418,6 @@ InitVM_Object(void)
 #endif
 
     rb_define_private_method(rb_cBasicObject, "initialize", rb_obj_initialize, 0);
-    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cBasicObject, rb_class_allocate_instance);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "==", rb_obj_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "equal?", rb_obj_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBasicObject, "!", rb_obj_not, 0);
@@ -4465,6 +4598,7 @@ InitVM_Object(void)
 
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "to_s", rb_any_to_s, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "inspect", rb_obj_inspect, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_variables_to_inspect", rb_obj_instance_variables_to_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "methods", rb_obj_methods, -1); /* in class.c */
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "singleton_methods", rb_obj_singleton_methods, -1); /* in class.c */
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "protected_methods", rb_obj_protected_methods, -1); /* in class.c */
@@ -4513,7 +4647,6 @@ InitVM_Object(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "<=", rb_class_inherited_p, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, ">",  rb_mod_gt, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, ">=", rb_mod_ge, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "initialize_copy", rb_mod_init_copy, 1); /* in class.c */
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "to_s", rb_mod_to_s, 0);
     rb_define_alias(rb_cModule, "inspect", "to_s");
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "included_modules", rb_mod_included_modules, 0); /* in class.c */
@@ -4562,8 +4695,8 @@ InitVM_Object(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "deprecate_constant", rb_mod_deprecate_constant, -1); /* in variable.c */
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "singleton_class?", rb_mod_singleton_p, 0);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_cClass), "allocate", rb_class_alloc_m, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "allocate", rb_class_alloc_m, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_cClass), "allocate", rb_class_alloc, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "allocate", rb_class_alloc, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "new", rb_class_new_instance_pass_kw, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "initialize", rb_class_initialize, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cClass, "superclass", rb_class_superclass, 0);
@@ -4606,6 +4739,7 @@ void
 Init_Object(void)
 {
     id_dig = rb_intern_const("dig");
+    id_instance_variables_to_inspect = rb_intern_const("instance_variables_to_inspect");
     InitVM(Object);
 }
 
diff --git a/pack.c b/pack.c
index 3a5c1bfb96..24221bc3d6 100644
--- a/pack.c
+++ b/pack.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "internal/array.h"
 #include "internal/bits.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
 #include "internal/string.h"
 #include "internal/symbol.h"
 #include "internal/variable.h"
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ is_bigendian(void)
 {
     static int init = 0;
     static int endian_value;
-    char *p;
+    const char *p;
 
     if (init) return endian_value;
     init = 1;
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ typedef union {
 #define MAX_INTEGER_PACK_SIZE 8
 
 static const char toofew[] = "too few arguments";
+static const char intoitself[] = "cannot pack buffer object into itself";
 
 static void encodes(VALUE,const char*,long,int,int);
 static void qpencode(VALUE,VALUE,long);
@@ -279,6 +281,8 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
 #define MORE_ITEM (idx < RARRAY_LEN(ary))
 #define THISFROM (MORE_ITEM ? RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx) : TOO_FEW)
 #define NEXTFROM (MORE_ITEM ? RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx++) : TOO_FEW)
+#define NOT_BUFFER(val) (((val) == res) ? rb_raise(rb_eArgError, intoitself) : (void)0)
+#define STR_FROM(val) NOT_BUFFER(StringValue(val))
 
     while (p < pend) {
         int explicit_endian = 0;
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
         else if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
             errno = 0;
             len = STRTOUL(p, (char**)&p, 10);
-            if (errno) {
+            if (len < 0 || errno) {
                 rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "pack length too big");
             }
         }
@@ -333,7 +337,7 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
                 plen = 0;
             }
             else {
-                StringValue(from);
+                STR_FROM(from);
                 ptr = RSTRING_PTR(from);
                 plen = RSTRING_LEN(from);
             }
@@ -667,10 +671,58 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
             }
             break;
 
+          case 'r':  /* r for SLEB128 encoding (signed) */
+          case 'R': /* R for ULEB128 encoding (unsigned) */
+            {
+                int pack_flags = INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+
+                if (type == 'r') {
+                    pack_flags |= INTEGER_PACK_2COMP;
+                }
+
+                while (len-- > 0) {
+                    size_t numbytes, nlz_bits;
+                    int sign, extra = 0;
+                    char *cp;
+                    const long start = RSTRING_LEN(res);
+
+                    from = NEXTFROM;
+                    from = rb_to_int(from);
+                    if (type == 'R' && rb_int_negative_p(from)) {
+                        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "can't encode negative numbers in ULEB128");
+                    }
+
+                    numbytes = rb_absint_numwords(from, 7, &nlz_bits);
+                    if (numbytes == 0) {
+                        numbytes = 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (nlz_bits == 0 && type == 'r') {
+                        /* No leading zero bits, we need an extra byte for sign extension */
+                        extra = 1;
+                    }
+                    rb_str_modify_expand(res, numbytes + extra);
+
+                    cp = RSTRING_PTR(res) + start;
+                    sign = rb_integer_pack(from, cp, numbytes, 1, 1, pack_flags);
+
+                    if (extra) {
+                        /* Need an extra byte */
+                        cp[numbytes++] = sign < 0 ? 0x7f : 0x00;
+                    }
+                    rb_str_set_len(res, start + numbytes);
+
+                    while (1 < numbytes) {
+                        *cp |= 0x80;
+                        cp++;
+                        numbytes--;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
           case 'u':		/* uuencoded string */
           case 'm':		/* base64 encoded string */
             from = NEXTFROM;
-            StringValue(from);
+            STR_FROM(from);
             ptr = RSTRING_PTR(from);
             plen = RSTRING_LEN(from);
 
@@ -700,6 +752,7 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
 
           case 'M':		/* quoted-printable encoded string */
             from = rb_obj_as_string(NEXTFROM);
+            NOT_BUFFER(from);
             if (len <= 1)
                 len = 72;
             qpencode(res, from, len);
@@ -708,7 +761,7 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
           case 'P':		/* pointer to packed byte string */
             from = THISFROM;
             if (!NIL_P(from)) {
-                StringValue(from);
+                STR_FROM(from);
                 if (RSTRING_LEN(from) < len) {
                     rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too short buffer for P(%ld for %ld)",
                              RSTRING_LEN(from), len);
@@ -718,13 +771,11 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
             /* FALL THROUGH */
           case 'p':		/* pointer to string */
             while (len-- > 0) {
-                char *t;
+                const char *t = 0;
                 from = NEXTFROM;
-                if (NIL_P(from)) {
-                    t = 0;
-                }
-                else {
-                    t = StringValuePtr(from);
+                if (!NIL_P(from)) {
+                    STR_FROM(from);
+                    t = RSTRING_PTR(from);
                 }
                 if (!associates) {
                     associates = rb_ary_new();
@@ -736,7 +787,7 @@ pack_pack(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE fmt, VALUE buffer)
 
           case 'w':		/* BER compressed integer  */
             while (len-- > 0) {
-                VALUE buf = rb_str_new(0, 0);
+                VALUE buf;
                 size_t numbytes;
                 int sign;
                 char *cp;
@@ -950,8 +1001,8 @@ static VALUE
 pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
 {
 #define hexdigits ruby_hexdigits
-    char *s, *send;
-    char *p, *pend;
+    const char *s, *send;
+    const char *p, *pend;
     VALUE ary, associates = Qfalse;
     long len;
     AVOID_CC_BUG long tmp_len;
@@ -973,9 +1024,10 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
     StringValue(fmt);
     rb_must_asciicompat(fmt);
 
-    if (offset < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset can't be negative");
     len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-    if (offset > len) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset outside of string");
+    if (offset < 0 ? (offset += len) < 0 : offset > len) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset outside of string");
+    }
 
     s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
     send = s + len;
@@ -1025,7 +1077,7 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
             if (len > send - s) len = send - s;
             {
                 long end = len;
-                char *t = s + len - 1;
+                const char *t = s + len - 1;
 
                 while (t >= s) {
                     if (*t != ' ' && *t != '\0') break;
@@ -1038,7 +1090,7 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
 
           case 'Z':
             {
-                char *t = s;
+                const char *t = s;
 
                 if (len > send-s) len = send-s;
                 while (t < s+len && *t) t++;
@@ -1472,7 +1524,8 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
           case 'M':
             {
                 VALUE buf = rb_str_new(0, send - s);
-                char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf), *ss = s;
+                char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf);
+                const char *ss = s;
                 int csum = 0;
                 int c1, c2;
 
@@ -1520,10 +1573,14 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
             s += len;
             break;
 
+          case '^':
+            UNPACK_PUSH(SSIZET2NUM(s - RSTRING_PTR(str)));
+            break;
+
           case 'P':
             if (sizeof(char *) <= (size_t)(send - s)) {
                 VALUE tmp = Qnil;
-                char *t;
+                const char *t;
 
                 UNPACK_FETCH(&t, char *);
                 if (t) {
@@ -1546,7 +1603,7 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
                     break;
                 else {
                     VALUE tmp = Qnil;
-                    char *t;
+                    const char *t;
 
                     UNPACK_FETCH(&t, char *);
                     if (t) {
@@ -1558,9 +1615,42 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
             }
             break;
 
+          case 'r':
+          case 'R':
+            {
+                int pack_flags = INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+
+                if (type == 'r') {
+                    pack_flags |= INTEGER_PACK_2COMP;
+                }
+                const char *s0 = s;
+                while (len > 0 && s < send) {
+                    if (*s & 0x80) {
+                        s++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        s++;
+                        UNPACK_PUSH(rb_integer_unpack(s0, s-s0, 1, 1, pack_flags));
+                        len--;
+                        s0 = s;
+                    }
+                }
+                /* Handle incomplete value and remaining expected values with nil (only if not using *) */
+                if (!star) {
+                    if (s0 != s && len > 0) {
+                        UNPACK_PUSH(Qnil);
+                        len--;
+                    }
+                    while (len-- > 0) {
+                        UNPACK_PUSH(Qnil);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
           case 'w':
             {
-                char *s0 = s;
+                const char *s0 = s;
                 while (len > 0 && s < send) {
                     if (*s & 0x80) {
                         s++;
diff --git a/pack.rb b/pack.rb
index e70c6c7dc8..78ef6973d4 100644
--- a/pack.rb
+++ b/pack.rb
@@ -3,23 +3,25 @@ class Array
   #    pack(template, buffer: nil) -> string
   #
   #  Formats each element in +self+ into a binary string; returns that string.
-  #  See {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:packed_data.rdoc].
+  #  See {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:language/packed_data.md].
   def pack(fmt, buffer: nil)
     Primitive.pack_pack(fmt, buffer)
   end
 end
 
 class String
-  # call-seq:
-  #   unpack(template, offset: 0, &block) -> array
+  #  call-seq:
+  #    unpack(template, offset: 0) {|o| .... } -> object
+  #    unpack(template, offset: 0) -> array
   #
-  #  Extracts data from +self+.
+  #  Extracts data from +self+ to form new objects;
+  #  see {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:language/packed_data.md].
   #
-  #  If +block+ is not given, forming objects that become the elements
-  #  of a new array, and returns that array.  Otherwise, yields each
-  #  object.
+  #  With a block given, calls the block with each unpacked object.
   #
-  #  See {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:packed_data.rdoc].
+  #  With no block given, returns an array containing the unpacked objects.
+  #
+  #  Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non--5CString].
   def unpack(fmt, offset: 0)
     Primitive.attr! :use_block
     Primitive.pack_unpack(fmt, offset)
@@ -28,8 +30,10 @@ class String
   # call-seq:
   #   unpack1(template, offset: 0) -> object
   #
-  #  Like String#unpack, but unpacks and returns only the first extracted object.
-  #  See {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:packed_data.rdoc].
+  #  Like String#unpack with no block, but unpacks and returns only the first extracted object.
+  #  See {Packed Data}[rdoc-ref:language/packed_data.md].
+  #
+  #  Related: see {Converting to Non-String}[rdoc-ref:String@Converting+to+Non--5CString].
   def unpack1(fmt, offset: 0)
     Primitive.pack_unpack1(fmt, offset)
   end
diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y
index 4c1e3b72ca..ecd26acbbb 100644
--- a/parse.y
+++ b/parse.y
@@ -314,9 +314,12 @@ struct lex_context {
     unsigned int in_argdef: 1;
     unsigned int in_def: 1;
     unsigned int in_class: 1;
+    unsigned int has_trailing_semicolon: 1;
     BITFIELD(enum rb_parser_shareability, shareable_constant_value, 2);
     BITFIELD(enum rescue_context, in_rescue, 2);
     unsigned int cant_return: 1;
+    unsigned int in_alt_pattern: 1;
+    unsigned int capture_in_pattern: 1;
 };
 
 typedef struct RNode_DEF_TEMP rb_node_def_temp_t;
@@ -826,7 +829,7 @@ pop_end_expect_token_locations(struct parser_params *p)
     if(!p->end_expect_token_locations) return;
 
     end_expect_token_locations_t *locations = p->end_expect_token_locations->prev;
-    ruby_sized_xfree(p->end_expect_token_locations, sizeof(end_expect_token_locations_t));
+    ruby_xfree_sized(p->end_expect_token_locations, sizeof(end_expect_token_locations_t));
     p->end_expect_token_locations = locations;
 
     debug_end_expect_token_locations(p, "pop_end_expect_token_locations");
@@ -1060,8 +1063,8 @@ rb_discard_node(struct parser_params *p, NODE *n)
     rb_ast_delete_node(p->ast, n);
 }
 
-static rb_node_scope_t *rb_node_scope_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-static rb_node_scope_t *rb_node_scope_new2(struct parser_params *p, rb_ast_id_table_t *nd_tbl, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static rb_node_scope_t *rb_node_scope_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_parent, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static rb_node_scope_t *rb_node_scope_new2(struct parser_params *p, rb_ast_id_table_t *nd_tbl, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_parent, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_block_t *rb_node_block_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_if_t *rb_node_if_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cond, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_else, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE* if_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE* then_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE* end_keyword_loc);
 static rb_node_unless_t *rb_node_unless_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cond, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_else, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *then_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
@@ -1069,7 +1072,7 @@ static rb_node_case_t *rb_node_case_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head,
 static rb_node_case2_t *rb_node_case2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *case_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
 static rb_node_case3_t *rb_node_case3_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *case_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
 static rb_node_when_t *rb_node_when_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *then_keyword_loc);
-static rb_node_in_t *rb_node_in_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static rb_node_in_t *rb_node_in_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *in_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *then_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc);
 static rb_node_while_t *rb_node_while_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cond, NODE *nd_body, long nd_state, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *closing_loc);
 static rb_node_until_t *rb_node_until_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cond, NODE *nd_body, long nd_state, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *closing_loc);
 static rb_node_iter_t *rb_node_iter_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc);
@@ -1144,10 +1147,10 @@ static rb_node_alias_t *rb_node_alias_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_1st,
 static rb_node_valias_t *rb_node_valias_new(struct parser_params *p, ID nd_alias, ID nd_orig, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc);
 static rb_node_undef_t *rb_node_undef_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_undef, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_class_t *rb_node_class_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_super, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *class_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *inheritance_operator_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
-static rb_node_module_t *rb_node_module_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-static rb_node_sclass_t *rb_node_sclass_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_recv, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-static rb_node_colon2_t *rb_node_colon2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-static rb_node_colon3_t *rb_node_colon3_new(struct parser_params *p, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static rb_node_module_t *rb_node_module_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *module_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
+static rb_node_sclass_t *rb_node_sclass_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_recv, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *class_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc);
+static rb_node_colon2_t *rb_node_colon2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *delimiter_loc, const YYLTYPE *name_loc);
+static rb_node_colon3_t *rb_node_colon3_new(struct parser_params *p, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *delimiter_loc, const YYLTYPE *name_loc);
 static rb_node_dot2_t *rb_node_dot2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_beg, NODE *nd_end, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc);
 static rb_node_dot3_t *rb_node_dot3_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_beg, NODE *nd_end, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc);
 static rb_node_self_t *rb_node_self_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc);
@@ -1155,7 +1158,7 @@ static rb_node_nil_t *rb_node_nil_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *lo
 static rb_node_true_t *rb_node_true_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_false_t *rb_node_false_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_errinfo_t *rb_node_errinfo_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-static rb_node_defined_t *rb_node_defined_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static rb_node_defined_t *rb_node_defined_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc);
 static rb_node_postexe_t *rb_node_postexe_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *opening_loc, const YYLTYPE *closing_loc);
 static rb_node_sym_t *rb_node_sym_new(struct parser_params *p, VALUE str, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_dsym_t *rb_node_dsym_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_parser_string_t *string, long nd_alen, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc);
@@ -1168,8 +1171,8 @@ static rb_node_line_t *rb_node_line_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *
 static rb_node_file_t *rb_node_file_new(struct parser_params *p, VALUE str, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_error_t *rb_node_error_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 
-#define NEW_SCOPE(a,b,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_scope_new(p,a,b,loc)
-#define NEW_SCOPE2(t,a,b,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_scope_new2(p,t,a,b,loc)
+#define NEW_SCOPE(a,b,c,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_scope_new(p,a,b,c,loc)
+#define NEW_SCOPE2(t,a,b,c,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_scope_new2(p,t,a,b,c,loc)
 #define NEW_BLOCK(a,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_block_new(p,a,loc)
 #define NEW_IF(c,t,e,loc,ik_loc,tk_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_if_new(p,c,t,e,loc,ik_loc,tk_loc,ek_loc)
 #define NEW_UNLESS(c,t,e,loc,k_loc,t_loc,e_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_unless_new(p,c,t,e,loc,k_loc,t_loc,e_loc)
@@ -1177,7 +1180,7 @@ static rb_node_error_t *rb_node_error_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE
 #define NEW_CASE2(b,loc,ck_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_case2_new(p,b,loc,ck_loc,ek_loc)
 #define NEW_CASE3(h,b,loc,ck_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_case3_new(p,h,b,loc,ck_loc,ek_loc)
 #define NEW_WHEN(c,t,e,loc,k_loc,t_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_when_new(p,c,t,e,loc,k_loc,t_loc)
-#define NEW_IN(c,t,e,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_in_new(p,c,t,e,loc)
+#define NEW_IN(c,t,e,loc,ik_loc,tk_loc,o_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_in_new(p,c,t,e,loc,ik_loc,tk_loc,o_loc)
 #define NEW_WHILE(c,b,n,loc,k_loc,c_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_while_new(p,c,b,n,loc,k_loc,c_loc)
 #define NEW_UNTIL(c,b,n,loc,k_loc,c_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_until_new(p,c,b,n,loc,k_loc,c_loc)
 #define NEW_ITER(a,b,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_iter_new(p,a,b,loc)
@@ -1252,10 +1255,10 @@ static rb_node_error_t *rb_node_error_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE
 #define NEW_VALIAS(n,o,loc,k_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_valias_new(p,n,o,loc,k_loc)
 #define NEW_UNDEF(i,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_undef_new(p,i,loc)
 #define NEW_CLASS(n,b,s,loc,ck_loc,io_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_class_new(p,n,b,s,loc,ck_loc,io_loc,ek_loc)
-#define NEW_MODULE(n,b,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_module_new(p,n,b,loc)
-#define NEW_SCLASS(r,b,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_sclass_new(p,r,b,loc)
-#define NEW_COLON2(c,i,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_colon2_new(p,c,i,loc)
-#define NEW_COLON3(i,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_colon3_new(p,i,loc)
+#define NEW_MODULE(n,b,loc,mk_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_module_new(p,n,b,loc,mk_loc,ek_loc)
+#define NEW_SCLASS(r,b,loc,ck_loc,op_loc,ek_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_sclass_new(p,r,b,loc,ck_loc,op_loc,ek_loc)
+#define NEW_COLON2(c,i,loc,d_loc,n_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_colon2_new(p,c,i,loc,d_loc,n_loc)
+#define NEW_COLON3(i,loc,d_loc,n_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_colon3_new(p,i,loc,d_loc,n_loc)
 #define NEW_DOT2(b,e,loc,op_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_dot2_new(p,b,e,loc,op_loc)
 #define NEW_DOT3(b,e,loc,op_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_dot3_new(p,b,e,loc,op_loc)
 #define NEW_SELF(loc) (NODE *)rb_node_self_new(p,loc)
@@ -1263,7 +1266,7 @@ static rb_node_error_t *rb_node_error_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE
 #define NEW_TRUE(loc) (NODE *)rb_node_true_new(p,loc)
 #define NEW_FALSE(loc) (NODE *)rb_node_false_new(p,loc)
 #define NEW_ERRINFO(loc) (NODE *)rb_node_errinfo_new(p,loc)
-#define NEW_DEFINED(e,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_defined_new(p,e,loc)
+#define NEW_DEFINED(e,loc,k_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_defined_new(p,e,loc, k_loc)
 #define NEW_POSTEXE(b,loc,k_loc,o_loc,c_loc) (NODE *)rb_node_postexe_new(p,b,loc,k_loc,o_loc,c_loc)
 #define NEW_SYM(str,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_sym_new(p,str,loc)
 #define NEW_DSYM(s,l,n,loc) (NODE *)rb_node_dsym_new(p,s,l,n,loc)
@@ -1390,7 +1393,6 @@ last_expr_node(NODE *expr)
 
 static NODE* cond(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static NODE* method_cond(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node, const YYLTYPE *loc);
-#define new_nil(loc) NEW_NIL(loc)
 static NODE *new_nil_at(struct parser_params *p, const rb_code_position_t *pos);
 static NODE *new_if(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*,NODE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*);
 static NODE *new_unless(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*,NODE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYLTYPE*);
@@ -1399,10 +1401,9 @@ static NODE *logop(struct parser_params*,ID,NODE*,NODE*,const YYLTYPE*,const YYL
 static NODE *newline_node(NODE*);
 static void fixpos(NODE*,NODE*);
 
-static int value_expr_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
+static int value_expr(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
 static void void_expr(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
 static NODE *remove_begin(NODE*);
-#define value_expr(node) value_expr_gen(p, (node))
 static NODE *void_stmts(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
 static void reduce_nodes(struct parser_params*,NODE**);
 static void block_dup_check(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
@@ -1430,6 +1431,7 @@ static NODE *method_add_block(struct parser_params*p, NODE *m, NODE *b, const YY
 static bool args_info_empty_p(struct rb_args_info *args);
 static rb_node_args_t *new_args(struct parser_params*,rb_node_args_aux_t*,rb_node_opt_arg_t*,ID,rb_node_args_aux_t*,rb_node_args_t*,const YYLTYPE*);
 static rb_node_args_t *new_args_tail(struct parser_params*,rb_node_kw_arg_t*,ID,ID,const YYLTYPE*);
+#define new_empty_args_tail(p, loc) new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, loc)
 static NODE *new_array_pattern(struct parser_params *p, NODE *constant, NODE *pre_arg, NODE *aryptn, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static NODE *new_array_pattern_tail(struct parser_params *p, NODE *pre_args, int has_rest, NODE *rest_arg, NODE *post_args, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static NODE *new_find_pattern(struct parser_params *p, NODE *constant, NODE *fndptn, const YYLTYPE *loc);
@@ -1440,7 +1442,7 @@ static NODE *new_hash_pattern_tail(struct parser_params *p, NODE *kw_args, ID kw
 static rb_node_kw_arg_t *new_kw_arg(struct parser_params *p, NODE *k, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static rb_node_args_t *args_with_numbered(struct parser_params*,rb_node_args_t*,int,ID);
 
-static NODE* negate_lit(struct parser_params*, NODE*);
+static NODE* negate_lit(struct parser_params*, NODE*,const YYLTYPE*);
 static void no_blockarg(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
 static NODE *ret_args(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
 static NODE *arg_blk_pass(NODE*,rb_node_block_pass_t*);
@@ -1469,7 +1471,7 @@ static rb_node_kw_arg_t *kwd_append(rb_node_kw_arg_t*, rb_node_kw_arg_t*);
 static NODE *new_hash(struct parser_params *p, NODE *hash, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 static NODE *new_unique_key_hash(struct parser_params *p, NODE *hash, const YYLTYPE *loc);
 
-static NODE *new_defined(struct parser_params *p, NODE *expr, const YYLTYPE *loc);
+static NODE *new_defined(struct parser_params *p, NODE *expr, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc);
 
 static NODE *new_regexp(struct parser_params *, NODE *, int, const YYLTYPE *, const YYLTYPE *, const YYLTYPE *, const YYLTYPE *);
 
@@ -1633,11 +1635,11 @@ aryptn_pre_args(struct parser_params *p, VALUE pre_arg, VALUE pre_args)
 #define KWD2EID(t, v) keyword_##t
 
 static NODE *
-new_scope_body(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *args, NODE *body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+new_scope_body(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *args, NODE *body, NODE *parent, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     body = remove_begin(body);
     reduce_nodes(p, &body);
-    NODE *n = NEW_SCOPE(args, body, loc);
+    NODE *n = NEW_SCOPE(args, body, parent, loc);
     nd_set_line(n, loc->end_pos.lineno);
     set_line_body(body, loc->beg_pos.lineno);
     return n;
@@ -1994,7 +1996,7 @@ parser_memhash(const void *ptr, long len)
 #define STRING_TERM_LEN(str) (1)
 #define STRING_TERM_FILL(str) (str->ptr[str->len] = '\0')
 #define PARSER_STRING_RESIZE_CAPA_TERM(p,str,capacity,termlen) do {\
-    SIZED_REALLOC_N(str->ptr, char, (size_t)total + termlen, STRING_SIZE(str)); \
+    REALLOC_N(str->ptr, char, (size_t)total + termlen); \
     str->len = total; \
 } while (0)
 #define STRING_SET_LEN(str, n) do { \
@@ -2757,14 +2759,14 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
 %token <num>  tREGEXP_END
 %token <num>  tDUMNY_END     "dummy end"
 
-%type <node> singleton strings string string1 xstring regexp
+%type <node> singleton singleton_expr strings string string1 xstring regexp
 %type <node> string_contents xstring_contents regexp_contents string_content
 %type <node> words symbols symbol_list qwords qsymbols word_list qword_list qsym_list word
 %type <node> literal numeric simple_numeric ssym dsym symbol cpath
 %type <node_def_temp> defn_head defs_head k_def
 %type <node_exits> block_open k_while k_until k_for allow_exits
 %type <node> top_stmts top_stmt begin_block endless_arg endless_command
-%type <node> bodystmt stmts stmt_or_begin stmt expr arg primary
+%type <node> bodystmt stmts stmt_or_begin stmt expr arg ternary primary
 %type <node> command command_call command_call_value method_call
 %type <node> expr_value expr_value_do arg_value primary_value rel_expr
 %type <node_fcall> fcall
@@ -2777,26 +2779,26 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
 %type <node> var_ref var_lhs
 %type <node> command_rhs arg_rhs
 %type <node> command_asgn mrhs mrhs_arg superclass block_call block_command
-%type <node_args> f_arglist f_opt_paren_args f_paren_args f_args
+%type <node_args> f_arglist f_opt_paren_args f_paren_args f_args f_empty_arg
 %type <node_args_aux> f_arg f_arg_item
 %type <node> f_marg f_rest_marg
 %type <node_masgn> f_margs
 %type <node> assoc_list assocs assoc undef_list backref string_dvar for_var
-%type <node_args> block_param opt_block_param block_param_def
+%type <node_args> block_param opt_block_param_def block_param_def opt_block_param
 %type <id> do bv_decls opt_bv_decl bvar
 %type <node> lambda brace_body do_body
 %type <locations_lambda_body> lambda_body
-%type <node_args> f_larglist
+%type <node_args> f_larglist f_largs largs_tail
 %type <node> brace_block cmd_brace_block do_block lhs none fitem
 %type <node> mlhs_head mlhs_item mlhs_node
 %type <node_masgn> mlhs mlhs_basic mlhs_inner
 %type <node> p_case_body p_cases p_top_expr p_top_expr_body
 %type <node> p_expr p_as p_alt p_expr_basic p_find
 %type <node> p_args p_args_head p_args_tail p_args_post p_arg p_rest
-%type <node> p_value p_primitive p_primitive_value p_variable p_var_ref p_expr_ref p_const
+%type <node> p_value p_primitive p_variable p_var_ref p_expr_ref p_const
 %type <node> p_kwargs p_kwarg p_kw
 %type <id>   keyword_variable user_variable sym operation2 operation3
-%type <id>   cname fname op f_rest_arg f_block_arg opt_f_block_arg f_norm_arg f_bad_arg
+%type <id>   cname fname op f_rest_arg f_block_arg opt_comma f_norm_arg f_bad_arg
 %type <id>   f_kwrest f_label f_arg_asgn call_op call_op2 reswords relop dot_or_colon
 %type <id>   p_kwrest p_kwnorest p_any_kwrest p_kw_label
 %type <id>   f_no_kwarg f_any_kwrest args_forward excessed_comma nonlocal_var def_name
@@ -2913,7 +2915,7 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
 /*
  *	parameterizing rules
  */
-%rule asgn(lhs, rhs) <node>
+%rule asgn(rhs) <node>
                 : lhs '=' lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$lhs, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
@@ -2921,13 +2923,45 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                     }
                 ;
 
+%rule args_tail_basic(value, trailing) <node_args>
+                : f_kwarg(value) ',' f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg(trailing)
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, $3, $4, &@3);
+                    /*% ripper: [$:1, $:3, $:4] %*/
+                    }
+                | f_kwarg(value) opt_f_block_arg(trailing)
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, 0, $2, &@1);
+                    /*% ripper: [$:1, Qnil, $:2] %*/
+                    }
+                | f_any_kwrest opt_f_block_arg(trailing)
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, $1, $2, &@1);
+                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:1, $:2] %*/
+                    }
+                | f_block_arg
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, $1, &@1);
+                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, Qnil, $:1] %*/
+                    }
+                ;
+
+%rule opt_f_block_arg(trailing) <id>
+                : ',' f_block_arg
+                    {
+                        $$ = $2;
+                    /*% ripper: $:2 %*/
+                    }
+                | trailing
+                ;
+
 %rule def_endless_method(bodystmt) <node>
                 : defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' bodystmt
                     {
                         endless_method_name(p, $head->nd_mid, &@head);
                         restore_defun(p, $head);
-                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$);
                         ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
+                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, $$, &@$);
                         RNODE_DEFN($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
                     /*% ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
                     /*% ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) %*/
@@ -2937,8 +2971,8 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                     {
                         endless_method_name(p, $head->nd_mid, &@head);
                         restore_defun(p, $head);
-                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$);
                         ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
+                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, $$, &@$);
                         RNODE_DEFS($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
                     /*% ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
                     /*% ripper: defs!(*$:head[0..2], $:args, $:$) %*/
@@ -2962,32 +2996,33 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                     }
                 ;
 
-%rule f_optarg(value) <node_opt_arg>
+%rule f_opt_arg(value) <node_opt_arg>
                 : f_opt(value)
                     {
                         $$ = $f_opt;
                     /*% ripper: rb_ary_new3(1, $:1) %*/
                     }
-                | f_optarg(value) ',' f_opt(value)
+                | f_opt_arg(value) ',' f_opt(value)
                     {
-                        $$ = opt_arg_append($f_optarg, $f_opt);
+                        $$ = opt_arg_append($f_opt_arg, $f_opt);
                     /*% ripper: rb_ary_push($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
-%rule f_kw(value) <node_kw_arg>: f_label value
-                                    {
-                                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
-                                        $$ = new_kw_arg(p, assignable(p, $f_label, $value, &@$), &@$);
-                                    /*% ripper: [$:$, $:value] %*/
-                                    }
-                                | f_label
-                                    {
-                                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
-                                        $$ = new_kw_arg(p, assignable(p, $f_label, NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD, &@$), &@$);
-                                    /*% ripper: [$:$, 0] %*/
-                                    }
-                                ;
+%rule f_kw(value) <node_kw_arg>
+                : f_label value
+                    {
+                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
+                        $$ = new_kw_arg(p, assignable(p, $f_label, $value, &@$), &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: [$:$, $:value] %*/
+                    }
+                | f_label
+                    {
+                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
+                        $$ = new_kw_arg(p, assignable(p, $f_label, NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD, &@$), &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: [$:$, 0] %*/
+                    }
+                ;
 
 %rule f_kwarg(value) <node_kw_arg>
                 : f_kw(value)
@@ -3002,13 +3037,13 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                     }
                 ;
 
-%rule mlhs(item) <node>
+%rule mlhs_items(item) <node>
                 : item
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_LIST($1, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add!(mlhs_new!, $:1) %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs(item) ',' item
+                | mlhs_items(item) ',' item
                     {
                         $$ = list_append(p, $1, $3);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add!($:1, $:3) %*/
@@ -3019,65 +3054,106 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                 : var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = new_op_assign(p, $var_lhs, $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!($:1, $:2, $:4) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!($:var_lhs, $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value '['[lbracket] opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $primary_value, $opt_call_args, $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, &@opt_call_args, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@lbracket, &@rbracket, &@tOP_ASGN);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(aref_field!($:1, $:3), $:5, $:7) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(aref_field!($:primary_value, $:opt_call_args), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $primary_value, $call_op, $tIDENTIFIER, $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, &@$, &@call_op, &@tIDENTIFIER, &@tOP_ASGN);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:1, $:2, $:3), $:4, $:6) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:primary_value, $:call_op, $:tIDENTIFIER), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $primary_value, $call_op, $tCONSTANT, $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, &@$, &@call_op, &@tCONSTANT, &@tOP_ASGN);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:1, $:2, $:3), $:4, $:6) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:primary_value, $:call_op, $:tCONSTANT), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $primary_value, idCOLON2, $tIDENTIFIER, $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, &@$, &@tCOLON2, &@tIDENTIFIER, &@tOP_ASGN);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:1, $:2, $:3), $:4, $:6) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(field!($:primary_value, $:tCOLON2, $:tIDENTIFIER), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@primary_value, &@tCONSTANT);
-                        $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($primary_value, $tCONSTANT, &loc), $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(const_path_field!($:1, $:3), $:4, $:6) %*/
+                        $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($primary_value, $tCONSTANT, &loc, &@tCOLON2, &@tCONSTANT), $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(const_path_field!($:primary_value, $:tCONSTANT), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@tCOLON3, &@tCONSTANT);
-                        $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON3($tCONSTANT, &loc), $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: opassign!(top_const_field!($:2), $:3, $:5) %*/
+                        $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON3($tCONSTANT, &loc, &@tCOLON3, &@tCONSTANT), $tOP_ASGN, $rhs, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: opassign!(top_const_field!($:tCONSTANT), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs
                     {
                         VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $backref);
                         $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$);
-                    /*% ripper[error]: assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_field!($:1), $:2, $:4)) %*/
+                    /*% ripper[error]: assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_field!($:backref), $:tOP_ASGN, $:rhs)) %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
-%rule opt_args_tail(tail) <node_args>
+%rule opt_args_tail(tail, trailing) <node_args>
                 : ',' tail
                     {
                         $$ = $tail;
-                    /*% ripper: $:2 %*/
+                    /*% ripper: $:tail %*/
                     }
-                | /* none */
+                | trailing
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@0);
+                        $$ = new_empty_args_tail(p, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: [Qnil, Qnil, Qnil] %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
+%rule range_expr(range) <node>
+                : range tDOT2 range
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
+                        value_expr(p, $3);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
+                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, $:3) %*/
+                    }
+                | range tDOT3 range
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
+                        value_expr(p, $3);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
+                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, $:3) %*/
+                    }
+                | range tDOT2
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
+                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, Qnil) %*/
+                    }
+                | range tDOT3
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
+                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, Qnil) %*/
+                    }
+                | tBDOT2 range
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $2);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT2(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
+                    /*% ripper: dot2!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
+                    }
+                | tBDOT3 range
+                    {
+                        value_expr(p, $2);
+                        $$ = NEW_DOT3(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
+                    /*% ripper: dot3!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
+                    }
+                ;
+
 %rule value_expr(value) <node>
                 : value
                     {
-                        value_expr($1);
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
                         $$ = $1;
                     }
                 ;
@@ -3086,7 +3162,7 @@ rb_parser_ary_free(rb_parser_t *p, rb_parser_ary_t *ary)
                 : begin ' '+ word_list tSTRING_END
                     {
                         $$ = make_list($word_list, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: array!($:3) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: array!($:word_list) %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -3111,7 +3187,7 @@ program		:  {
                             node = remove_begin(node);
                             void_expr(p, node);
                         }
-                        p->eval_tree = NEW_SCOPE(0, block_append(p, p->eval_tree, $2), &@$);
+                        p->eval_tree = NEW_SCOPE(0, block_append(p, p->eval_tree, $2), NULL, &@$);
                     /*% ripper[final]: program!($:2) %*/
                         local_pop(p);
                     }
@@ -3152,9 +3228,9 @@ begin_block	: block_open compstmt(top_stmts) '}'
                     {
                         restore_block_exit(p, $block_open);
                         p->eval_tree_begin = block_append(p, p->eval_tree_begin,
-                                                          NEW_BEGIN($2, &@$));
+                                                          NEW_BEGIN($compstmt, &@$));
                         $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: BEGIN!($:2) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: BEGIN!($:compstmt) %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -3220,123 +3296,125 @@ allow_exits	: {$$ = allow_block_exit(p);};
 
 k_END		: keyword_END lex_ctxt
                     {
+                        if (p->ctxt.in_def) {
+                            rb_warn0("END in method; use at_exit");
+                        }
                         $$ = $2;
                         p->ctxt.in_rescue = before_rescue;
                     /*% ripper: $:2 %*/
                     };
 
-stmt		: keyword_alias fitem {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM);} fitem
+stmt		: keyword_alias[kw] fitem[new] {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM);} fitem[old]
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_ALIAS($2, $4, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: alias!($:2, $:4) %*/
+                        $$ = NEW_ALIAS($new, $old, &@$, &@kw);
+                    /*% ripper: alias!($:new, $:old) %*/
                     }
-                | keyword_alias tGVAR tGVAR
+                | keyword_alias[kw] tGVAR[new] tGVAR[old]
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, $3, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: var_alias!($:2, $:3) %*/
+                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($new, $old, &@$, &@kw);
+                    /*% ripper: var_alias!($:new, $:old) %*/
                     }
-                | keyword_alias tGVAR tBACK_REF
+                | keyword_alias[kw] tGVAR[new] tBACK_REF[old]
                     {
                         char buf[2];
                         buf[0] = '$';
-                        buf[1] = (char)RNODE_BACK_REF($3)->nd_nth;
-                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, rb_intern2(buf, 2), &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: var_alias!($:2, $:3) %*/
+                        buf[1] = (char)RNODE_BACK_REF($old)->nd_nth;
+                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($new, rb_intern2(buf, 2), &@$, &@kw);
+                    /*% ripper: var_alias!($:new, $:old) %*/
                     }
-                | keyword_alias tGVAR tNTH_REF
+                | keyword_alias tGVAR tNTH_REF[nth]
                     {
                         static const char mesg[] = "can't make alias for the number variables";
                     /*%%%*/
-                        yyerror1(&@3, mesg);
+                        yyerror1(&@nth, mesg);
                     /*% %*/
                         $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$);
-                    /*% ripper[error]: alias_error!(ERR_MESG(), $:3) %*/
+                    /*% ripper[error]: alias_error!(ERR_MESG(), $:nth) %*/
                     }
-                | keyword_undef undef_list
+                | keyword_undef[kw] undef_list[list]
                     {
-                        nd_set_first_loc($2, @1.beg_pos);
-                        RNODE_UNDEF($2)->keyword_loc = @1;
-                        $$ = $2;
-                    /*% ripper: undef!($:2) %*/
+                        nd_set_first_loc($list, @kw.beg_pos);
+                        RNODE_UNDEF($list)->keyword_loc = @kw;
+                        $$ = $list;
+                    /*% ripper: undef!($:list) %*/
                     }
-                | stmt modifier_if expr_value
+                | stmt[body] modifier_if[mod] expr_value[cond]
                     {
-                        $$ = new_if(p, $3, remove_begin($1), 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
-                        fixpos($$, $3);
-                    /*% ripper: if_mod!($:3, $:1) %*/
+                        $$ = new_if(p, $cond, remove_begin($body), 0, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
+                        fixpos($$, $cond);
+                    /*% ripper: if_mod!($:cond, $:body) %*/
                     }
-                | stmt modifier_unless expr_value
+                | stmt[body] modifier_unless[mod] expr_value[cond]
                     {
-                        $$ = new_unless(p, $3, remove_begin($1), 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
-                        fixpos($$, $3);
-                    /*% ripper: unless_mod!($:3, $:1) %*/
+                        $$ = new_unless(p, $cond, remove_begin($body), 0, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
+                        fixpos($$, $cond);
+                    /*% ripper: unless_mod!($:cond, $:body) %*/
                     }
-                | stmt modifier_while expr_value
+                | stmt[body] modifier_while[mod] expr_value[cond_expr]
                     {
                         clear_block_exit(p, false);
-                        if ($1 && nd_type_p($1, NODE_BEGIN)) {
-                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $3, &@3), RNODE_BEGIN($1)->nd_body, 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC);
+                        if ($body && nd_type_p($body, NODE_BEGIN)) {
+                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $cond_expr, &@cond_expr), RNODE_BEGIN($body)->nd_body, 0, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC);
                         }
                         else {
-                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $3, &@3), $1, 1, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC);
+                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $cond_expr, &@cond_expr), $body, 1, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC);
                         }
-                    /*% ripper: while_mod!($:3, $:1) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: while_mod!($:cond_expr, $:body) %*/
                     }
-                | stmt modifier_until expr_value
+                | stmt[body] modifier_until[mod] expr_value[cond_expr]
                     {
-                        clear_block_exit(p, false);
-                        if ($1 && nd_type_p($1, NODE_BEGIN)) {
-                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $3, &@3), RNODE_BEGIN($1)->nd_body, 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC);
+                        clear_block_exit(p, 0);
+                        if ($body && nd_type_p($body, NODE_BEGIN)) {
+                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $cond_expr, &@cond_expr), RNODE_BEGIN($body)->nd_body, 0, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC);
                         }
                         else {
-                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $3, &@3), $1, 1, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC);
+                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $cond_expr, &@cond_expr), $body, 1, &@$, &@mod, &NULL_LOC);
                         }
-                    /*% ripper: until_mod!($:3, $:1) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: until_mod!($:cond_expr, $:body) %*/
                     }
-                | stmt modifier_rescue after_rescue stmt
+                | stmt[body] modifier_rescue[mod] after_rescue[ctxt] stmt[resbody]
                     {
-                        p->ctxt.in_rescue = $3.in_rescue;
+                        p->ctxt.in_rescue = $ctxt.in_rescue;
                         NODE *resq;
-                        YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@2, &@4);
-                        resq = NEW_RESBODY(0, 0, remove_begin($4), 0, &loc);
-                        $$ = NEW_RESCUE(remove_begin($1), resq, 0, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: rescue_mod!($:1, $:4) %*/
+                        YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@mod, &@resbody);
+                        resq = NEW_RESBODY(0, 0, remove_begin($resbody), 0, &loc);
+                        $$ = NEW_RESCUE(remove_begin($body), resq, 0, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: rescue_mod!($:body, $:resbody) %*/
                     }
-                | k_END allow_exits '{' compstmt(stmts) '}'
+                | k_END[k_end] block_open[lbrace] compstmt(stmts)[body] '}'[rbrace]
                     {
-                        if (p->ctxt.in_def) {
-                            rb_warn0("END in method; use at_exit");
-                        }
-                        restore_block_exit(p, $allow_exits);
-                        p->ctxt = $k_END;
+                        clear_block_exit(p, true);
+                        restore_block_exit(p, $block_open);
+                        p->ctxt = $k_end;
                         {
-                            NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE2(0 /* tbl */, 0 /* args */, $compstmt /* body */, &@$);
-                            $$ = NEW_POSTEXE(scope, &@$, &@1, &@3, &@5);
+                            NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE2(0 /* tbl */, 0 /* args */, $body /* body */, NULL /* parent */, &@$);
+                            $$ = NEW_POSTEXE(scope, &@$, &@k_end, &@lbrace, &@rbrace);
+                            RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = $$;
                         }
-                    /*% ripper: END!($:compstmt) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: END!($:body) %*/
                     }
                 | command_asgn
-                | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt command_call_value
+                | mlhs[lhs] '=' lex_ctxt[ctxt] command_call_value[rhs]
                     {
-                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$1, $4, $3, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: massign!($:1, $:4) %*/
+                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$lhs, $rhs, $ctxt, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: massign!($:lhs, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
-                | asgn(lhs, mrhs)
-                | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt mrhs_arg modifier_rescue
-                  after_rescue stmt[resbody]
+                | asgn(mrhs)
+                | mlhs[lhs] '=' lex_ctxt[lex_ctxt] mrhs_arg[mrhs_arg] modifier_rescue[modifier_rescue]
+                  after_rescue[after_rescue] stmt[resbody]
                     {
-                        p->ctxt.in_rescue = $3.in_rescue;
+                        p->ctxt.in_rescue = $after_rescue.in_rescue;
                         YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@modifier_rescue, &@resbody);
                         $resbody = NEW_RESBODY(0, 0, remove_begin($resbody), 0, &loc);
                         loc.beg_pos = @mrhs_arg.beg_pos;
                         $mrhs_arg = NEW_RESCUE($mrhs_arg, $resbody, 0, &loc);
-                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$mlhs, $mrhs_arg, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: massign!($:1, rescue_mod!($:4, $:7)) %*/
+                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$lhs, $mrhs_arg, $lex_ctxt, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: massign!($:lhs, rescue_mod!($:mrhs_arg, $:resbody)) %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt mrhs_arg
+                | mlhs[lhs] '=' lex_ctxt[ctxt] mrhs_arg[rhs]
                     {
-                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$1, $4, $3, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: massign!($:1, $:4) %*/
+                        $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$lhs, $rhs, $ctxt, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: massign!($:lhs, $:rhs) %*/
                     }
                 | expr
                 | error
@@ -3346,7 +3424,7 @@ stmt		: keyword_alias fitem {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM);} fitem
                     }
                 ;
 
-command_asgn	: asgn(lhs, command_rhs)
+command_asgn	: asgn(command_rhs)
                 | op_asgn(command_rhs)
                 | def_endless_method(endless_command)
                 ;
@@ -3377,29 +3455,29 @@ command_rhs	: command_call_value   %prec tOP_ASGN
                 ;
 
 expr		: command_call
-                | expr keyword_and expr
+                | expr[left] keyword_and[op] expr[right]
                     {
-                        $$ = logop(p, idAND, $1, $3, &@2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: binary!($:1, ID2VAL(idAND), $:3) %*/
+                        $$ = logop(p, idAND, $left, $right, &@op, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: binary!($:left, ID2VAL(idAND), $:right) %*/
                     }
-                | expr keyword_or expr
+                | expr[left] keyword_or[op] expr[right]
                     {
-                        $$ = logop(p, idOR, $1, $3, &@2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: binary!($:1, ID2VAL(idOR), $:3) %*/
+                        $$ = logop(p, idOR, $left, $right, &@op, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: binary!($:left, ID2VAL(idOR), $:right) %*/
                     }
-                | keyword_not '\n'? expr
+                | keyword_not[not] '\n'? expr[arg]
                     {
-                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $3, &@3), METHOD_NOT, &@1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), $:3) %*/
+                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $arg, &@arg), METHOD_NOT, &@not, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), $:arg) %*/
                     }
-                | '!' command_call
+                | '!'[not] command_call[arg]
                     {
-                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $2, &@2), '!', &@1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL('\'!\''), $:2) %*/
+                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $arg, &@arg), '!', &@not, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL('\'!\''), $:arg) %*/
                     }
-                | arg tASSOC
+                | arg tASSOC[assoc]
                     {
-                        value_expr($arg);
+                        value_expr(p, $arg);
                     }
                   p_in_kwarg[ctxt] p_pvtbl p_pktbl
                   p_top_expr_body[body]
@@ -3407,12 +3485,14 @@ expr		: command_call
                         pop_pktbl(p, $p_pktbl);
                         pop_pvtbl(p, $p_pvtbl);
                         p->ctxt.in_kwarg = $ctxt.in_kwarg;
-                        $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, 0, 0, &@body), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = $ctxt.in_alt_pattern;
+                        p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern = $ctxt.capture_in_pattern;
+                        $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, 0, 0, &@body, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC, &@assoc), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
                     /*% ripper: case!($:arg, in!($:body, Qnil, Qnil)) %*/
                     }
                 | arg keyword_in
                     {
-                        value_expr($arg);
+                        value_expr(p, $arg);
                     }
                   p_in_kwarg[ctxt] p_pvtbl p_pktbl
                   p_top_expr_body[body]
@@ -3420,7 +3500,9 @@ expr		: command_call
                         pop_pktbl(p, $p_pktbl);
                         pop_pvtbl(p, $p_pvtbl);
                         p->ctxt.in_kwarg = $ctxt.in_kwarg;
-                        $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, NEW_TRUE(&@body), NEW_FALSE(&@body), &@body), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = $ctxt.in_alt_pattern;
+                        p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern = $ctxt.capture_in_pattern;
+                        $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, NEW_TRUE(&@body), NEW_FALSE(&@body), &@body, &@keyword_in, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
                     /*% ripper: case!($:arg, in!($:body, Qnil, Qnil)) %*/
                     }
                 | arg %prec tLBRACE_ARG
@@ -3610,7 +3692,7 @@ mlhs_basic	: mlhs_head
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, $3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs(mlhs_item)
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs_items(mlhs_item)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG($3,$5,&@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!($:1, $:3), $:5) %*/
@@ -3620,7 +3702,7 @@ mlhs_basic	: mlhs_head
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!($:1, Qnil) %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs_head tSTAR ',' mlhs(mlhs_item)
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR ',' mlhs_items(mlhs_item)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG(NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST, $4, &@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!($:1, Qnil), $:4) %*/
@@ -3630,7 +3712,7 @@ mlhs_basic	: mlhs_head
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, $2, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, $:2) %*/
                     }
-                | tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs(mlhs_item)
+                | tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs_items(mlhs_item)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG($2,$4,&@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, $:2), $:4) %*/
@@ -3640,7 +3722,7 @@ mlhs_basic	: mlhs_head
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, Qnil) %*/
                     }
-                | tSTAR ',' mlhs(mlhs_item)
+                | tSTAR ',' mlhs_items(mlhs_item)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG(NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST, $3, &@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, Qnil), $:3) %*/
@@ -3692,12 +3774,12 @@ mlhs_node	: user_or_keyword_variable
                 | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
                     {
                     /*% ripper: const_path_field!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$), &@$);
+                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$, &@2, &@3), &@$);
                     }
                 | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
                     {
                     /*% ripper: top_const_field!($:2) %*/
-                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &@$), &@$);
+                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &@$, &@1, &@2), &@$);
                     }
                 | backref
                     {
@@ -3717,7 +3799,7 @@ lhs		: user_or_keyword_variable
                         $$ = aryset(p, $1, $3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: aref_field!($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER
+                | primary_value call_op ident_or_const
                     {
                         $$ = attrset(p, $1, $2, $3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: field!($:1, $:2, $:3) %*/
@@ -3727,20 +3809,15 @@ lhs		: user_or_keyword_variable
                         $$ = attrset(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: field!($:1, $:2, $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT
-                    {
-                        $$ = attrset(p, $1, $2, $3, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: field!($:1, $:2, $:3) %*/
-                    }
                 | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
                     {
                     /*% ripper: const_path_field!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$), &@$);
+                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$, &@2, &@3), &@$);
                     }
                 | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
                     {
                     /*% ripper: top_const_field!($:2) %*/
-                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &@$), &@$);
+                        $$ = const_decl(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &@$, &@1, &@2), &@$);
                     }
                 | backref
                     {
@@ -3763,17 +3840,17 @@ cname		: tIDENTIFIER
 
 cpath		: tCOLON3 cname
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2, &@$, &@1, &@2);
                     /*% ripper: top_const_ref!($:2) %*/
                     }
                 | cname
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON2(0, $1, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_COLON2(0, $1, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@1);
                     /*% ripper: const_ref!($:1) %*/
                     }
                 | primary_value tCOLON2 cname
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$, &@2, &@3);
                     /*% ripper: const_path_ref!($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
                 ;
@@ -3854,46 +3931,9 @@ reswords	: keyword__LINE__ | keyword__FILE__ | keyword__ENCODING__
                 | keyword_while | keyword_until
                 ;
 
-arg		: asgn(lhs, arg_rhs)
+arg		: asgn(arg_rhs)
                 | op_asgn(arg_rhs)
-                | arg tDOT2 arg
-                    {
-                        value_expr($1);
-                        value_expr($3);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | arg tDOT3 arg
-                    {
-                        value_expr($1);
-                        value_expr($3);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | arg tDOT2
-                    {
-                        value_expr($1);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, Qnil) %*/
-                    }
-                | arg tDOT3
-                    {
-                        value_expr($1);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, Qnil) %*/
-                    }
-                | tBDOT2 arg
-                    {
-                        value_expr($2);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | tBDOT3 arg
-                    {
-                        value_expr($2);
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
-                    }
+                | range_expr(arg)
                 | arg '+' arg
                     {
                         $$ = call_bin_op(p, $1, '+', $3, &@2, &@$);
@@ -4018,18 +4058,22 @@ arg		: asgn(lhs, arg_rhs)
                 | keyword_defined '\n'? begin_defined arg
                     {
                         p->ctxt.in_defined = $3.in_defined;
-                        $$ = new_defined(p, $4, &@$);
+                        $$ = new_defined(p, $4, &@$, &@1);
+                        p->ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon = $3.has_trailing_semicolon;
                     /*% ripper: defined!($:4) %*/
                     }
-                | arg '?' arg '\n'? ':' arg
+                | def_endless_method(endless_arg)
+                | ternary
+                | primary
+                ;
+
+ternary		: arg '?' arg '\n'? ':' arg
                     {
-                        value_expr($1);
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
                         $$ = new_if(p, $1, $3, $6, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@5, &NULL_LOC);
                         fixpos($$, $1);
                     /*% ripper: ifop!($:1, $:3, $:6) %*/
                     }
-                | def_endless_method(endless_arg)
-                | primary
                 ;
 
 endless_arg	: arg %prec modifier_rescue
@@ -4104,13 +4148,13 @@ aref_args	: none
 
 arg_rhs 	: arg   %prec tOP_ASGN
                     {
-                        value_expr($1);
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
                         $$ = $1;
                     }
                 | arg modifier_rescue after_rescue arg
                     {
                         p->ctxt.in_rescue = $3.in_rescue;
-                        value_expr($1);
+                        value_expr(p, $1);
                         $$ = rescued_expr(p, $1, $4, &@1, &@2, &@4);
                     /*% ripper: rescue_mod!($:1, $:4) %*/
                     }
@@ -4170,6 +4214,11 @@ call_args	: value_expr(command)
                         $$ = NEW_LIST($1, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: args_add!(args_new!, $:1) %*/
                     }
+                | def_endless_method(endless_command)
+                    {
+                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: args_add!(args_new!, $:1) %*/
+                    }
                 | args opt_block_arg
                     {
                         $$ = arg_blk_pass($1, $2);
@@ -4325,343 +4374,345 @@ mrhs		: args ',' arg_value
                 | qsymbols
                 ;
 
-primary         : inline_primary
-                | var_ref
-                | backref
-                | tFID
-                    {
-                        $$ = (NODE *)NEW_FCALL($1, 0, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: method_add_arg!(fcall!($:1), args_new!) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_begin
-                    {
-                        CMDARG_PUSH(0);
-                    }
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        CMDARG_POP();
-                        set_line_body($3, @1.end_pos.lineno);
-                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN($3, &@$);
-                        nd_set_line($$, @1.end_pos.lineno);
-                    /*% ripper: begin!($:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | tLPAREN_ARG compstmt(stmts) {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_ENDARG);} ')'
-                    {
-                        if (nd_type_p($2, NODE_SELF)) RNODE_SELF($2)->nd_state = 0;
-                        $$ = $2;
-                    /*% ripper: paren!($:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | tLPAREN compstmt(stmts) ')'
-                    {
-                        if (nd_type_p($2, NODE_SELF)) RNODE_SELF($2)->nd_state = 0;
-                        $$ = NEW_BLOCK($2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: paren!($:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: const_path_ref!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: top_const_ref!($:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | tLBRACK aref_args ']'
-                    {
-                        $$ = make_list($2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: array!($:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | tLBRACE assoc_list '}'
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_hash(p, $2, &@$);
-                        RNODE_HASH($$)->nd_brace = TRUE;
-                    /*% ripper: hash!($:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_return
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_RETURN(0, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: return0! %*/
-                    }
-                | k_yield '(' call_args rparen
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_YIELD($3, &@$, &@1, &@2, &@4);
-                    /*% ripper: yield!(paren!($:3)) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_yield '(' rparen
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, &@$, &@1, &@2, &@3);
-                    /*% ripper: yield!(paren!(args_new!)) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_yield
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, &@$, &@1, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
-                    /*% ripper: yield0! %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_defined '\n'? '(' begin_defined expr rparen
-                    {
-                        p->ctxt.in_defined = $4.in_defined;
-                        $$ = new_defined(p, $5, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: defined!($:5) %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_not '(' expr rparen
-                    {
-                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $3, &@3), METHOD_NOT, &@1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_not '(' rparen
-                    {
-                        $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, new_nil(&@2), &@2), METHOD_NOT, &@1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), Qnil) %*/
-                    }
-                | fcall brace_block
-                    {
-                        $$ = method_add_block(p, (NODE *)$1, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: method_add_block!(method_add_arg!(fcall!($:1), args_new!), $:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | method_call
-                | method_call brace_block
-                    {
-                        block_dup_check(p, get_nd_args(p, $1), $2);
-                        $$ = method_add_block(p, $1, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: method_add_block!($:1, $:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | lambda
-                | k_if expr_value then
-                  compstmt(stmts)
-                  if_tail
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        if ($5 && nd_type_p($5, NODE_IF))
-                            RNODE_IF($5)->end_keyword_loc = @6;
-
-                        $$ = new_if(p, $2, $4, $5, &@$, &@1, &@3, &@6);
-                        fixpos($$, $2);
-                    /*% ripper: if!($:2, $:4, $:5) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_unless expr_value then
-                  compstmt(stmts)
-                  opt_else
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_unless(p, $2, $4, $5, &@$, &@1, &@3, &@6);
-                        fixpos($$, $2);
-                    /*% ripper: unless!($:2, $:4, $:5) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_while expr_value_do
-                  compstmt(stmts)
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        restore_block_exit(p, $1);
-                        $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $2, &@2), $3, 1, &@$, &@1, &@4);
-                        fixpos($$, $2);
-                    /*% ripper: while!($:2, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_until expr_value_do
-                  compstmt(stmts)
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        restore_block_exit(p, $1);
-                        $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $2, &@2), $3, 1, &@$, &@1, &@4);
-                        fixpos($$, $2);
-                    /*% ripper: until!($:2, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_case expr_value terms?
-                    {
-                        $$ = p->case_labels;
-                        p->case_labels = CHECK_LITERAL_WHEN;
-                    }<labels>
-                  case_body
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        if (CASE_LABELS_ENABLED_P(p->case_labels)) st_free_table(p->case_labels);
-                        p->case_labels = $4;
-                        $$ = NEW_CASE($2, $5, &@$, &@1, &@6);
-                        fixpos($$, $2);
-                    /*% ripper: case!($:2, $:5) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_case terms?
-                    {
-                        $$ = p->case_labels;
-                        p->case_labels = 0;
-                    }<labels>
-                  case_body
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        if (p->case_labels) st_free_table(p->case_labels);
-                        p->case_labels = $3;
-                        $$ = NEW_CASE2($4, &@$, &@1, &@5);
-                    /*% ripper: case!(Qnil, $:4) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_case expr_value terms?
-                  p_case_body
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_CASE3($2, $4, &@$, &@1, &@5);
-                    /*% ripper: case!($:2, $:4) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_for for_var keyword_in
-                  {COND_PUSH(1);} expr_value do {COND_POP();}
-                  compstmt(stmts)
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        restore_block_exit(p, $k_for);
-                        /*
-                         *  for a, b, c in e
-                         *  #=>
-                         *  e.each{|*x| a, b, c = x}
-                         *
-                         *  for a in e
-                         *  #=>
-                         *  e.each{|x| a, = x}
-                         */
-                        ID id = internal_id(p);
-                        rb_node_args_aux_t *m = NEW_ARGS_AUX(0, 0, &NULL_LOC);
-                        rb_node_args_t *args;
-                        NODE *scope, *internal_var = NEW_DVAR(id, &@for_var);
-                        rb_ast_id_table_t *tbl = rb_ast_new_local_table(p->ast, 1);
-                        tbl->ids[0] = id; /* internal id */
-
-                        switch (nd_type($for_var)) {
-                          case NODE_LASGN:
-                          case NODE_DASGN: /* e.each {|internal_var| a = internal_var; ... } */
-                            set_nd_value(p, $for_var, internal_var);
-                            id = 0;
-                            m->nd_plen = 1;
-                            m->nd_next = $for_var;
-                            break;
-                          case NODE_MASGN: /* e.each {|*internal_var| a, b, c = (internal_var.length == 1 && Array === (tmp = internal_var[0]) ? tmp : internal_var); ... } */
-                            m->nd_next = node_assign(p, $for_var, NEW_FOR_MASGN(internal_var, &@for_var), NO_LEX_CTXT, &@for_var);
-                            break;
-                          default: /* e.each {|*internal_var| @a, B, c[1], d.attr = internal_val; ... } */
-                            m->nd_next = node_assign(p, (NODE *)NEW_MASGN(NEW_LIST($for_var, &@for_var), 0, &@for_var), internal_var, NO_LEX_CTXT, &@for_var);
-                        }
-                        /* {|*internal_id| <m> = internal_id; ... } */
-                        args = new_args(p, m, 0, id, 0, new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@for_var), &@for_var);
-                        scope = NEW_SCOPE2(tbl, args, $compstmt, &@$);
-                        YYLTYPE do_keyword_loc = $do == keyword_do_cond ? @do : NULL_LOC;
-                        $$ = NEW_FOR($5, scope, &@$, &@k_for, &@keyword_in, &do_keyword_loc, &@k_end);
-                        fixpos($$, $for_var);
-                    /*% ripper: for!($:for_var, $:expr_value, $:compstmt) %*/
-                    }
-                | k_class cpath superclass
-                    {
-                        begin_definition("class", &@k_class, &@cpath);
-                    }
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        YYLTYPE inheritance_operator_loc = NULL_LOC;
-                        if ($superclass) {
-                            inheritance_operator_loc = @superclass;
-                            inheritance_operator_loc.end_pos.column = inheritance_operator_loc.beg_pos.column + 1;
-                        }
-                        $$ = NEW_CLASS($cpath, $bodystmt, $superclass, &@$, &@k_class, &inheritance_operator_loc, &@k_end);
-                        nd_set_line(RNODE_CLASS($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
-                        set_line_body($bodystmt, @superclass.end_pos.lineno);
-                        nd_set_line($$, @superclass.end_pos.lineno);
-                    /*% ripper: class!($:cpath, $:superclass, $:bodystmt) %*/
-                        local_pop(p);
-                        p->ctxt.in_class = $k_class.in_class;
-                        p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_class.cant_return;
-                        p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_class.shareable_constant_value;
-                    }
-                | k_class tLSHFT expr_value
-                    {
-                        begin_definition("", &@k_class, &@tLSHFT);
-                    }
-                  term
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_SCLASS($expr_value, $bodystmt, &@$);
-                        nd_set_line(RNODE_SCLASS($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
-                        set_line_body($bodystmt, nd_line($expr_value));
-                        fixpos($$, $expr_value);
-                    /*% ripper: sclass!($:expr_value, $:bodystmt) %*/
-                        local_pop(p);
-                        p->ctxt.in_def = $k_class.in_def;
-                        p->ctxt.in_class = $k_class.in_class;
-                        p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_class.cant_return;
-                        p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_class.shareable_constant_value;
-                    }
-                | k_module cpath
-                    {
-                        begin_definition("module", &@k_module, &@cpath);
-                    }
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_MODULE($cpath, $bodystmt, &@$);
-                        nd_set_line(RNODE_MODULE($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
-                        set_line_body($bodystmt, @cpath.end_pos.lineno);
-                        nd_set_line($$, @cpath.end_pos.lineno);
-                    /*% ripper: module!($:cpath, $:bodystmt) %*/
-                        local_pop(p);
-                        p->ctxt.in_class = $k_module.in_class;
-                        p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_module.cant_return;
-                        p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_module.shareable_constant_value;
-                    }
-                | defn_head[head]
-                  f_arglist[args]
-                    {
-                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@head.beg_pos);
-                    }
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        restore_defun(p, $head);
-                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$);
-                        ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
-                        RNODE_DEFN($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
-                    /*% ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:bodystmt) %*/
-                        local_pop(p);
-                    }
-                | defs_head[head]
-                  f_arglist[args]
-                    {
-                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@head.beg_pos);
-                    }
-                  bodystmt
-                  k_end
-                    {
-                        restore_defun(p, $head);
-                        $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$);
-                        ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
-                        RNODE_DEFS($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
-                    /*% ripper: defs!(*$:head[0..2], $:args, $:bodystmt) %*/
-                        local_pop(p);
-                    }
-                | keyword_break
-                    {
-                        $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_BREAK(0, &@$, &@1));
-                    /*% ripper: break!(args_new!) %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_next
-                    {
-                        $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_NEXT(0, &@$, &@1));
-                    /*% ripper: next!(args_new!) %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_redo
-                    {
-                        $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_REDO(&@$, &@1));
-                    /*% ripper: redo! %*/
-                    }
-                | keyword_retry
-                    {
-                        if (!p->ctxt.in_defined) {
-                            switch (p->ctxt.in_rescue) {
-                              case before_rescue: yyerror1(&@1, "Invalid retry without rescue"); break;
-                              case after_rescue: /* ok */ break;
-                              case after_else: yyerror1(&@1, "Invalid retry after else"); break;
-                              case after_ensure: yyerror1(&@1, "Invalid retry after ensure"); break;
-                            }
+primary		: inline_primary
+            | var_ref
+            | backref
+            | tFID[fid]
+                {
+                    $$ = (NODE *)NEW_FCALL($fid, 0, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: method_add_arg!(fcall!($:fid), args_new!) %*/
+                }
+            | k_begin[kw]
+                {
+                    CMDARG_PUSH(0);
+                }
+              bodystmt[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    CMDARG_POP();
+                    set_line_body($body, @kw.end_pos.lineno);
+                    $$ = NEW_BEGIN($body, &@$);
+                    nd_set_line($$, @kw.end_pos.lineno);
+                /*% ripper: begin!($:body) %*/
+                }
+            | tLPAREN_ARG compstmt(stmts)[body] {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_ENDARG);} ')'
+                {
+                    if (nd_type_p($body, NODE_SELF)) RNODE_SELF($body)->nd_state = 0;
+                    $$ = $body;
+                /*% ripper: paren!($:body) %*/
+                }
+            | tLPAREN compstmt(stmts)[body] ')'
+                {
+                    if (nd_type_p($body, NODE_SELF)) RNODE_SELF($body)->nd_state = 0;
+                    $$ = NEW_BLOCK($body, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: paren!($:body) %*/
+                }
+            | primary_value[recv] tCOLON2[op] tCONSTANT[name]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_COLON2($recv, $name, &@$, &@op, &@name);
+                /*% ripper: const_path_ref!($:recv, $:name) %*/
+                }
+            | tCOLON3[top] tCONSTANT[name]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_COLON3($name, &@$, &@top, &@name);
+                /*% ripper: top_const_ref!($:name) %*/
+                }
+            | tLBRACK aref_args[args] ']'
+                {
+                    $$ = make_list($args, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: array!($:args) %*/
+                }
+            | tLBRACE assoc_list[list] '}'
+                {
+                    $$ = new_hash(p, $list, &@$);
+                    RNODE_HASH($$)->nd_brace = TRUE;
+                /*% ripper: hash!($:list) %*/
+                }
+            | k_return[kw]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_RETURN(0, &@$, &@kw);
+                /*% ripper: return0! %*/
+                }
+            | k_yield[kw] '('[lpar] call_args[args] rparen[rpar]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_YIELD($args, &@$, &@kw, &@lpar, &@rpar);
+                /*% ripper: yield!(paren!($:args)) %*/
+                }
+            | k_yield[kw] '('[lpar] rparen[rpar]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, &@$, &@kw, &@lpar, &@rpar);
+                /*% ripper: yield!(paren!(args_new!)) %*/
+                }
+            | k_yield[kw]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, &@$, &@kw, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC);
+                /*% ripper: yield0! %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_defined[kw] '\n'? '(' begin_defined[ctxt] expr[arg] rparen
+                {
+                    p->ctxt.in_defined = $ctxt.in_defined;
+                    $$ = new_defined(p, $arg, &@$, &@kw);
+                    p->ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon = $ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon;
+                /*% ripper: defined!($:arg) %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_not[kw] '(' expr[arg] rparen
+                {
+                    $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $arg, &@arg), METHOD_NOT, &@kw, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), $:arg) %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_not[kw] '('[lpar] rparen
+                {
+                    $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, NEW_NIL(&@lpar), &@lpar), METHOD_NOT, &@kw, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), Qnil) %*/
+                }
+            | fcall[call] brace_block[block]
+                {
+                    $$ = method_add_block(p, (NODE *)$call, $block, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: method_add_block!(method_add_arg!(fcall!($:call), args_new!), $:block) %*/
+                }
+            | method_call
+            | method_call[call] brace_block[block]
+                {
+                    block_dup_check(p, get_nd_args(p, $call), $block);
+                    $$ = method_add_block(p, $call, $block, &@$);
+                /*% ripper: method_add_block!($:call, $:block) %*/
+                }
+            | lambda
+            | k_if[kw] expr_value[cond] then[then]
+              compstmt(stmts)[body]
+              if_tail[tail]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    if ($tail && nd_type_p($tail, NODE_IF))
+                        RNODE_IF($tail)->end_keyword_loc = @k_end;
+
+                    $$ = new_if(p, $cond, $body, $tail, &@$, &@kw, &@then, &@k_end);
+                    fixpos($$, $cond);
+                /*% ripper: if!($:cond, $:body, $:tail) %*/
+                }
+            | k_unless[kw] expr_value[cond] then[then]
+              compstmt(stmts)[body]
+              opt_else[tail]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    $$ = new_unless(p, $cond, $body, $tail, &@$, &@kw, &@then, &@k_end);
+                    fixpos($$, $cond);
+                /*% ripper: unless!($:cond, $:body, $:tail) %*/
+                }
+            | k_while[kw] expr_value_do[cond]
+              compstmt(stmts)[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    restore_block_exit(p, $kw);
+                    $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $cond, &@cond), $body, 1, &@$, &@kw, &@k_end);
+                    fixpos($$, $cond);
+                /*% ripper: while!($:cond, $:body) %*/
+                }
+            | k_until[kw] expr_value_do[cond]
+              compstmt(stmts)[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    restore_block_exit(p, $kw);
+                    $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $cond, &@cond), $body, 1, &@$, &@kw, &@k_end);
+                    fixpos($$, $cond);
+                /*% ripper: until!($:cond, $:body) %*/
+                }
+            | k_case[k_case] expr_value[expr] terms?
+                {
+                    $$ = p->case_labels;
+                    p->case_labels = CHECK_LITERAL_WHEN;
+                }[labels]<labels>
+              case_body[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    if (CASE_LABELS_ENABLED_P(p->case_labels)) st_free_table(p->case_labels);
+                    p->case_labels = $labels;
+                    $$ = NEW_CASE($expr, $body, &@$, &@k_case, &@k_end);
+                    fixpos($$, $expr);
+                /*% ripper: case!($:expr, $:body) %*/
+                }
+            | k_case[k_case] terms?
+                {
+                    $$ = p->case_labels;
+                    p->case_labels = 0;
+                }[labels]<labels>
+              case_body[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    if (p->case_labels) st_free_table(p->case_labels);
+                    p->case_labels = $labels;
+                    $$ = NEW_CASE2($body, &@$, &@k_case, &@k_end);
+                /*% ripper: case!(Qnil, $:body) %*/
+                }
+            | k_case[k_case] expr_value[expr] terms?
+              p_case_body[body]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_CASE3($expr, $body, &@$, &@k_case, &@k_end);
+                /*% ripper: case!($:expr, $:body) %*/
+                }
+            | k_for[k_for] for_var[for_var] keyword_in[keyword_in]
+              {COND_PUSH(1);} expr_value[expr_value] do[do] {COND_POP();}
+              compstmt(stmts)[compstmt]
+              k_end[k_end]
+                {
+                    restore_block_exit(p, $k_for);
+                    /*
+                     *  for a, b, c in e
+                     *  #=>
+                     *  e.each{|*x| a, b, c = x}
+                     *
+                     *  for a in e
+                     *  #=>
+                     *  e.each{|x| a, = x}
+                     */
+                    ID id = internal_id(p);
+                    rb_node_args_aux_t *m = NEW_ARGS_AUX(0, 0, &NULL_LOC);
+                    rb_node_args_t *args;
+                    NODE *scope, *internal_var = NEW_DVAR(id, &@for_var);
+                    rb_ast_id_table_t *tbl = rb_ast_new_local_table(p->ast, 1);
+                    tbl->ids[0] = id; /* internal id */
+
+                    switch (nd_type($for_var)) {
+                      case NODE_LASGN:
+                      case NODE_DASGN: /* e.each {|internal_var| a = internal_var; ... } */
+                        set_nd_value(p, $for_var, internal_var);
+                        id = 0;
+                        m->nd_plen = 1;
+                        m->nd_next = $for_var;
+                        break;
+                      case NODE_MASGN: /* e.each {|*internal_var| a, b, c = (internal_var.length == 1 && Array === (tmp = internal_var[0]) ? tmp : internal_var); ... } */
+                        m->nd_next = node_assign(p, $for_var, NEW_FOR_MASGN(internal_var, &@for_var), NO_LEX_CTXT, &@for_var);
+                        break;
+                      default: /* e.each {|*internal_var| @a, B, c[1], d.attr = internal_val; ... } */
+                        m->nd_next = node_assign(p, (NODE *)NEW_MASGN(NEW_LIST($for_var, &@for_var), 0, &@for_var), internal_var, NO_LEX_CTXT, &@for_var);
+                    }
+                    /* {|*internal_id| <m> = internal_id; ... } */
+                    args = new_args(p, m, 0, id, 0, new_empty_args_tail(p, &@for_var), &@for_var);
+                    scope = NEW_SCOPE2(tbl, args, $compstmt, NULL, &@$);
+                    YYLTYPE do_keyword_loc = $do == keyword_do_cond ? @do : NULL_LOC;
+                    $$ = NEW_FOR($expr_value, scope, &@$, &@k_for, &@keyword_in, &do_keyword_loc, &@k_end);
+                    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = $$;
+                    fixpos($$, $for_var);
+                /*% ripper: for!($:for_var, $:expr_value, $:compstmt) %*/
+                }
+            | k_class cpath superclass
+                {
+                    begin_definition("class", &@k_class, &@cpath);
+                }
+              bodystmt
+              k_end
+                {
+                    YYLTYPE inheritance_operator_loc = NULL_LOC;
+                    if ($superclass) {
+                        inheritance_operator_loc = @superclass;
+                        inheritance_operator_loc.end_pos.column = inheritance_operator_loc.beg_pos.column + 1;
+                    }
+                    $$ = NEW_CLASS($cpath, $bodystmt, $superclass, &@$, &@k_class, &inheritance_operator_loc, &@k_end);
+                    nd_set_line(RNODE_CLASS($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
+                    set_line_body($bodystmt, @superclass.end_pos.lineno);
+                    nd_set_line($$, @superclass.end_pos.lineno);
+                /*% ripper: class!($:cpath, $:superclass, $:bodystmt) %*/
+                    local_pop(p);
+                    p->ctxt.in_class = $k_class.in_class;
+                    p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_class.cant_return;
+                    p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_class.shareable_constant_value;
+                }
+            | k_class tLSHFT expr_value
+                {
+                    begin_definition("", &@k_class, &@tLSHFT);
+                }
+              term
+              bodystmt
+              k_end
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_SCLASS($expr_value, $bodystmt, &@$, &@k_class, &@tLSHFT, &@k_end);
+                    nd_set_line(RNODE_SCLASS($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
+                    set_line_body($bodystmt, nd_line($expr_value));
+                    fixpos($$, $expr_value);
+                /*% ripper: sclass!($:expr_value, $:bodystmt) %*/
+                    local_pop(p);
+                    p->ctxt.in_def = $k_class.in_def;
+                    p->ctxt.in_class = $k_class.in_class;
+                    p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_class.cant_return;
+                    p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_class.shareable_constant_value;
+                }
+            | k_module cpath
+                {
+                    begin_definition("module", &@k_module, &@cpath);
+                }
+              bodystmt
+              k_end
+                {
+                    $$ = NEW_MODULE($cpath, $bodystmt, &@$, &@k_module, &@k_end);
+                    nd_set_line(RNODE_MODULE($$)->nd_body, @k_end.end_pos.lineno);
+                    set_line_body($bodystmt, @cpath.end_pos.lineno);
+                    nd_set_line($$, @cpath.end_pos.lineno);
+                /*% ripper: module!($:cpath, $:bodystmt) %*/
+                    local_pop(p);
+                    p->ctxt.in_class = $k_module.in_class;
+                    p->ctxt.cant_return = $k_module.cant_return;
+                    p->ctxt.shareable_constant_value = $k_module.shareable_constant_value;
+                }
+            | defn_head[head]
+              f_arglist[args]
+                {
+                    push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@head.beg_pos);
+                }
+              bodystmt
+              k_end
+                {
+                    restore_defun(p, $head);
+                    ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
+                    $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, $$, &@$);
+                    RNODE_DEFN($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
+                /*% ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:bodystmt) %*/
+                    local_pop(p);
+                }
+            | defs_head[head]
+              f_arglist[args]
+                {
+                    push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@head.beg_pos);
+                }
+              bodystmt
+              k_end
+                {
+                    restore_defun(p, $head);
+                    ($$ = $head->nd_def)->nd_loc = @$;
+                    $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, $$, &@$);
+                    RNODE_DEFS($$)->nd_defn = $bodystmt;
+                /*% ripper: defs!(*$:head[0..2], $:args, $:bodystmt) %*/
+                    local_pop(p);
+                }
+            | keyword_break[kw]
+                {
+                    $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_BREAK(0, &@$, &@kw));
+                /*% ripper: break!(args_new!) %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_next[kw]
+                {
+                    $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_NEXT(0, &@$, &@kw));
+                /*% ripper: next!(args_new!) %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_redo[kw]
+                {
+                    $$ = add_block_exit(p, NEW_REDO(&@$, &@kw));
+                /*% ripper: redo! %*/
+                }
+            | keyword_retry[kw]
+                {
+                    if (!p->ctxt.in_defined) {
+                        switch (p->ctxt.in_rescue) {
+                          case before_rescue: yyerror1(&@kw, "Invalid retry without rescue"); break;
+                          case after_rescue: /* ok */ break;
+                          case after_else: yyerror1(&@kw, "Invalid retry after else"); break;
+                          case after_ensure: yyerror1(&@kw, "Invalid retry after ensure"); break;
                         }
-                        $$ = NEW_RETRY(&@$);
-                    /*% ripper: retry! %*/
                     }
-                ;
+                    $$ = NEW_RETRY(&@$);
+                /*% ripper: retry! %*/
+                }
+            ;
 
 primary_value	: value_expr(primary)
                 ;
@@ -4698,19 +4749,19 @@ k_unless	: keyword_unless
                     }
                 ;
 
-k_while		: keyword_while allow_exits
+k_while		: keyword_while[kw] allow_exits
                     {
                         $$ = $allow_exits;
                         token_info_push(p, "while", &@$);
-                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@1.beg_pos);
+                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@kw.beg_pos);
                     }
                 ;
 
-k_until		: keyword_until allow_exits
+k_until		: keyword_until[kw] allow_exits
                     {
                         $$ = $allow_exits;
                         token_info_push(p, "until", &@$);
-                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@1.beg_pos);
+                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@kw.beg_pos);
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -4721,11 +4772,11 @@ k_case		: keyword_case
                     }
                 ;
 
-k_for		: keyword_for allow_exits
+k_for		: keyword_for[kw] allow_exits
                     {
                         $$ = $allow_exits;
                         token_info_push(p, "for", &@$);
-                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@1.beg_pos);
+                        push_end_expect_token_locations(p, &@kw.beg_pos);
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -4882,17 +4933,17 @@ f_marg		: f_norm_arg
                 ;
 
 
-f_margs		: mlhs(f_marg)
+f_margs		: mlhs_items(f_marg)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, 0, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: $:1 %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs(f_marg) ',' f_rest_marg
+                | mlhs_items(f_marg) ',' f_rest_marg
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, $3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | mlhs(f_marg) ',' f_rest_marg ',' mlhs(f_marg)
+                | mlhs_items(f_marg) ',' f_rest_marg ',' mlhs_items(f_marg)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG($3, $5, &@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!($:1, $:3), $:5) %*/
@@ -4902,7 +4953,7 @@ f_margs		: mlhs(f_marg)
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, $1, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, $:1) %*/
                     }
-                | f_rest_marg ',' mlhs(f_marg)
+                | f_rest_marg ',' mlhs_items(f_marg)
                     {
                         $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG($1, $3, &@$), &@$);
                     /*% ripper: mlhs_add_post!(mlhs_add_star!(mlhs_new!, $:1), $:3) %*/
@@ -4932,26 +4983,7 @@ f_any_kwrest	: f_kwrest
 
 f_eq		: {p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;} '=';
 
-block_args_tail	: f_kwarg(primary_value) ',' f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, $3, $4, &@3);
-                    /*% ripper: [$:1, $:3, $:4] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_kwarg(primary_value) opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, 0, $2, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [$:1, Qnil, $:2] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_any_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, $1, $2, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:1, $:2] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, $1, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, Qnil, $:1] %*/
-                    }
+block_args_tail	: args_tail_basic(primary_value, none)
                 ;
 
 excessed_comma	: ','
@@ -4962,99 +4994,29 @@ excessed_comma	: ','
                     }
                 ;
 
-block_param	: f_arg ',' f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, $5, 0, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, $:5, Qnil, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, $8, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, $:5, $:7, *$:8[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(primary_value) opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, 0, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, Qnil, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, 0, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, Qnil, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, $3, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, $:3, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg excessed_comma
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@2);
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, $2, 0, $$, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, $:2, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, $3, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, $:3, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, 0, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, $3, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, $:3, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, $3, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, $:3, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_optarg(primary_value) opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, 0, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, Qnil, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_optarg(primary_value) ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, 0, $3, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, Qnil, $:3, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $1, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:1, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
-                    }
-                | f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(block_args_tail)
+block_param	: args-list(primary_value, opt_args_tail(block_args_tail, none))
+                | f_arg[pre] excessed_comma
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $1, $3, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:1, $:3, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_empty_args_tail(p, &@excessed_comma);
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, 0, $excessed_comma, 0, $$, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, Qnil, $:excessed_comma, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
                     }
-                | block_args_tail
+                | f_arg[pre] opt_args_tail(block_args_tail, none)[tail]
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:1[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, 0, 0, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
+                | tail-only-args(block_args_tail)
                 ;
 
-opt_block_param	: none
-                | block_param_def
-                    {
-                        p->command_start = TRUE;
-                    }
-                ;
+opt_block_param_def	: none
+                    | block_param_def
+                        {
+                            p->command_start = TRUE;
+                        }
+                    ;
 
-block_param_def	: '|' opt_bv_decl '|'
-                    {
-                        p->max_numparam = ORDINAL_PARAM;
-                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
-                        $$ = 0;
-                    /*% ripper: block_var!(params!(Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil), $:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | '|' block_param opt_bv_decl '|'
+block_param_def	: '|' opt_block_param opt_bv_decl '|'
                     {
                         p->max_numparam = ORDINAL_PARAM;
                         p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
@@ -5063,6 +5025,13 @@ block_param_def	: '|' opt_bv_decl '|'
                     }
                 ;
 
+opt_block_param	: /* none */
+                    {
+                        $$ = 0;
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil) %*/
+                    }
+                | block_param
+                ;
 
 opt_bv_decl	: '\n'?
                     {
@@ -5101,7 +5070,7 @@ numparam	:   {
                     }
                 ;
 
-it_id           :   {
+it_id		:   {
                         $$ = p->it_id;
                         p->it_id = 0;
                     }
@@ -5109,7 +5078,7 @@ it_id           :   {
 
 lambda		: tLAMBDA[lpar]
                     {
-                        token_info_push(p, "->", &@1);
+                        token_info_push(p, "->", &@lpar);
                         $$ = dyna_push(p);
                     }[dyna]<vars>
                   max_numparam numparam it_id allow_exits
@@ -5128,11 +5097,11 @@ lambda		: tLAMBDA[lpar]
                         CMDARG_POP();
                         $args = args_with_numbered(p, $args, max_numparam, it_id);
                         {
-                            YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@args, &@body);
+                            YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@lpar, &@body);
                             $$ = NEW_LAMBDA($args, $body->node, &loc, &@lpar, &$body->opening_loc, &$body->closing_loc);
                             nd_set_line(RNODE_LAMBDA($$)->nd_body, @body.end_pos.lineno);
                             nd_set_line($$, @args.end_pos.lineno);
-                            nd_set_first_loc($$, @1.beg_pos);
+                            nd_set_first_loc($$, @lpar.beg_pos);
                             xfree($body);
                         }
                     /*% ripper: lambda!($:args, $:body) %*/
@@ -5141,19 +5110,19 @@ lambda		: tLAMBDA[lpar]
                     }
                 ;
 
-f_larglist	: '(' f_args opt_bv_decl ')'
+f_larglist	: '(' f_largs[args] opt_bv_decl ')'
                     {
                         p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
-                        $$ = $f_args;
+                        $$ = $args;
                         p->max_numparam = ORDINAL_PARAM;
-                    /*% ripper: paren!($:2) %*/
+                    /*% ripper: paren!($:args) %*/
                     }
-                | f_args
+                | f_largs[args]
                     {
                         p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
-                        if (!args_info_empty_p(&$1->nd_ainfo))
+                        if (!args_info_empty_p(&$args->nd_ainfo))
                             p->max_numparam = ORDINAL_PARAM;
-                        $$ = $f_args;
+                        $$ = $args;
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -5208,16 +5177,19 @@ block_call	: command do_block
                     {
                         if (NODE_EMPTY_ARGS_P($4)) $4 = 0;
                         $$ = new_command_qcall(p, $2, $1, $3, $4, $5, &@3, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: command_call!($:1, $:2, $:3, $:4) %*/
-                        if ($5) {
-                        /*% ripper: method_add_block!($:$, $:5) %*/
-                        }
+                    /*% ripper: method_add_block!(command_call!($:1, $:2, $:3, $:4), $:5) %*/
                     }
                 | block_call call_op2 operation2 command_args do_block
                     {
                         $$ = new_command_qcall(p, $2, $1, $3, $4, $5, &@3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: method_add_block!(command_call!($:1, $:2, $:3, $:4), $:5) %*/
                     }
+                | block_call call_op2 paren_args
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, idCall, $3, &@2, &@$);
+                        nd_set_line($$, @2.end_pos.lineno);
+                    /*% ripper: method_add_arg!(call!($:1, $:2, ID2VAL(idCall)), $:3) %*/
+                    }
                 ;
 
 method_call	: fcall paren_args
@@ -5249,18 +5221,12 @@ method_call	: fcall paren_args
                         $$ = new_qcall(p, idCOLON2, $1, $3, 0, &@3, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: call!($:1, $:2, $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | primary_value call_op paren_args
+                | primary_value call_op2 paren_args
                     {
                         $$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, idCall, $3, &@2, &@$);
                         nd_set_line($$, @2.end_pos.lineno);
                     /*% ripper: method_add_arg!(call!($:1, $:2, ID2VAL(idCall)), $:3) %*/
                     }
-                | primary_value tCOLON2 paren_args
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_qcall(p, idCOLON2, $1, idCall, $3, &@2, &@$);
-                        nd_set_line($$, @2.end_pos.lineno);
-                    /*% ripper: method_add_arg!(call!($:1, $:2, ID2VAL(idCall)), $:3) %*/
-                    }
                 | keyword_super paren_args
                     {
                         rb_code_location_t lparen_loc = @2;
@@ -5300,7 +5266,7 @@ brace_block	: '{' brace_body '}'
 
 brace_body	: {$$ = dyna_push(p);}[dyna]<vars>
                   max_numparam numparam it_id allow_exits
-                  opt_block_param[args] compstmt(stmts)
+                  opt_block_param_def[args] compstmt(stmts)
                     {
                         int max_numparam = p->max_numparam;
                         ID it_id = p->it_id;
@@ -5320,7 +5286,7 @@ do_body 	:   {
                         CMDARG_PUSH(0);
                     }[dyna]<vars>
                   max_numparam numparam it_id allow_exits
-                  opt_block_param[args] bodystmt
+                  opt_block_param_def[args] bodystmt
                     {
                         int max_numparam = p->max_numparam;
                         ID it_id = p->it_id;
@@ -5382,6 +5348,8 @@ p_in_kwarg	:   {
                         SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG|EXPR_LABEL);
                         p->command_start = FALSE;
                         p->ctxt.in_kwarg = 1;
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = 0;
+                        p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern = 0;
                     }
                 ;
 
@@ -5392,11 +5360,13 @@ p_case_body	: keyword_in
                         pop_pktbl(p, $p_pktbl);
                         pop_pvtbl(p, $p_pvtbl);
                         p->ctxt.in_kwarg = $ctxt.in_kwarg;
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = $ctxt.in_alt_pattern;
+                        p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern = $ctxt.capture_in_pattern;
                     }
                   compstmt(stmts)
                   p_cases[cases]
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_IN($expr, $compstmt, $cases, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_IN($expr, $compstmt, $cases, &@$, &@keyword_in, &@then, &NULL_LOC);
                     /*% ripper: in!($:expr, $:compstmt, $:cases) %*/
                     }
                 ;
@@ -5463,10 +5433,18 @@ p_as		: p_expr tASSOC p_variable
                 | p_alt
                 ;
 
-p_alt		: p_alt '|' p_expr_basic
+p_alt		: p_alt[left] '|'[alt]
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_OR($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: binary!($:1, ID2VAL(idOr), $:3) %*/
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = 1;
+                    }
+                  p_expr_basic[right]
+                    {
+                        if (p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern) {
+                            yyerror1(&@alt, "alternative pattern after variable capture");
+                        }
+                        p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern = 0;
+                        $$ = NEW_OR($left, $right, &@$, &@alt);
+                    /*% ripper: binary!($:left, ID2VAL(idOr), $:right) %*/
                     }
                 | p_expr_basic
                 ;
@@ -5538,8 +5516,8 @@ p_expr_basic	: p_value
                 | p_const '[' rbracket
                     {
                         $$ = new_array_pattern_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, &@$);
-                        $$ = new_array_pattern(p, $1, 0, $$, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: aryptn!($:1, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
+                        $$ = new_array_pattern(p, $p_const, 0, $$, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: aryptn!($:p_const, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
                     }
                 | tLBRACK p_args rbracket
                     {
@@ -5759,42 +5737,13 @@ p_any_kwrest	: p_kwrest
                 ;
 
 p_value 	: p_primitive
-                | p_primitive_value tDOT2 p_primitive_value
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | p_primitive_value tDOT3 p_primitive_value
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, $3, &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, $:3) %*/
-                    }
-                | p_primitive_value tDOT2
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!($:1, Qnil) %*/
-                    }
-                | p_primitive_value tDOT3
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, new_nil_at(p, &@2.end_pos), &@$, &@2);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!($:1, Qnil) %*/
-                    }
+                | range_expr(p_primitive)
                 | p_var_ref
                 | p_expr_ref
                 | p_const
-                | tBDOT2 p_primitive_value
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT2(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: dot2!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
-                    }
-                | tBDOT3 p_primitive_value
-                    {
-                        $$ = NEW_DOT3(new_nil_at(p, &@1.beg_pos), $2, &@$, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: dot3!(Qnil, $:2) %*/
-                    }
                 ;
 
-p_primitive     : inline_primary
+p_primitive	: inline_primary
                 | keyword_variable
                     {
                         if (!($$ = gettable(p, $1, &@$))) $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$);
@@ -5803,9 +5752,6 @@ p_primitive     : inline_primary
                 | lambda
                 ;
 
-p_primitive_value	: value_expr(p_primitive)
-                    ;
-
 p_variable	: tIDENTIFIER
                     {
                         error_duplicate_pattern_variable(p, $1, &@1);
@@ -5842,12 +5788,12 @@ p_expr_ref	: '^' tLPAREN expr_value rparen
 
 p_const 	: tCOLON3 cname
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2, &@$, &@1, &@2);
                     /*% ripper: top_const_ref!($:2) %*/
                     }
                 | p_const tCOLON2 cname
                     {
-                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$);
+                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &@$, &@2, &@3);
                     /*% ripper: const_path_ref!($:1, $:3) %*/
                     }
                 | tCONSTANT
@@ -5919,7 +5865,8 @@ strings		: string
                     {
                         if (!$1) {
                             $$ = NEW_STR(STRING_NEW0(), &@$);
-                        } else {
+                        }
+                        else {
                             $$ = evstr2dstr(p, $1);
                         }
                     /*% ripper: $:1 %*/
@@ -6036,7 +5983,7 @@ qsym_list	: /* none */
                     }
                 ;
 
-string_contents : /* none */
+string_contents	: /* none */
                     {
                         $$ = 0;
                     /*% ripper: string_content! %*/
@@ -6060,7 +6007,7 @@ xstring_contents: /* none */
                     }
                 ;
 
-regexp_contents: /* none */
+regexp_contents	: /* none */
                     {
                         $$ = 0;
                     /*% ripper: regexp_new! %*/
@@ -6091,21 +6038,21 @@ regexp_contents: /* none */
                     }
                 ;
 
-string_content	: tSTRING_CONTENT
-                    /*% ripper[brace]: $:1 %*/
-                | tSTRING_DVAR
+string_content	: tSTRING_CONTENT[content]
+                    /*% ripper[brace]: $:content %*/
+                | tSTRING_DVAR[state]
                     {
                         /* need to backup p->lex.strterm so that a string literal `%&foo,#$&,bar&` can be parsed */
                         $$ = p->lex.strterm;
                         p->lex.strterm = 0;
                         SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG);
-                    }<strterm>
-                  string_dvar
+                    }[strterm]<strterm>
+                  string_dvar[dvar]
                     {
-                        p->lex.strterm = $2;
-                        $$ = NEW_EVSTR($3, &@$, &@1, &NULL_LOC);
-                        nd_set_line($$, @3.end_pos.lineno);
-                    /*% ripper: string_dvar!($:3) %*/
+                        p->lex.strterm = $strterm;
+                        $$ = NEW_EVSTR($dvar, &@$, &@state, &NULL_LOC);
+                        nd_set_line($$, @dvar.end_pos.lineno);
+                    /*% ripper: string_dvar!($:dvar) %*/
                     }
                 | tSTRING_DBEG[state]
                     {
@@ -6187,7 +6134,7 @@ numeric 	: simple_numeric
                 | tUMINUS_NUM simple_numeric   %prec tLOWEST
                     {
                         $$ = $2;
-                        negate_lit(p, $$);
+                        negate_lit(p, $$, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idUMinus), $:2) %*/
                     }
                 ;
@@ -6198,7 +6145,7 @@ simple_numeric	: tINTEGER
                 | tIMAGINARY
                 ;
 
-nonlocal_var    : tIVAR
+nonlocal_var	: tIVAR
                 | tGVAR
                 | tCVAR
                 ;
@@ -6258,11 +6205,16 @@ superclass	: '<'
                 ;
 
 f_opt_paren_args: f_paren_args
-                | none
+                | f_empty_arg
                     {
                         p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@0);
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $$, &@0);
+                    }
+                ;
+
+f_empty_arg	: /* none */
+                    {
+                        $$ = new_empty_args_tail(p, &@$);
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $$, &@$);
                     /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
                     }
                 ;
@@ -6295,128 +6247,117 @@ f_arglist	: f_paren_args
                     }
                 ;
 
-args_tail	: f_kwarg(arg_value) ',' f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, $3, $4, &@3);
-                    /*% ripper: [$:1, $:3, $:4] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_kwarg(arg_value) opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, $1, 0, $2, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [$:1, Qnil, $:2] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_any_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, $1, $2, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:1, $:2] %*/
-                    }
-                | f_block_arg
-                    {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, $1, &@1);
-                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, Qnil, $:1] %*/
-                    }
+args_tail	: args_tail_basic(arg_value, opt_comma)
                 | args_forward
                     {
-                        ID fwd = $args_forward;
-                        if (lambda_beginning_p() ||
-                            (p->lex.lpar_beg >= 0 && p->lex.lpar_beg+1 == p->lex.paren_nest)) {
-                            yyerror0("unexpected ... in lambda argument");
-                            fwd = 0;
-                        }
-                        else {
-                            add_forwarding_args(p);
-                        }
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, fwd, arg_FWD_BLOCK, &@1);
+                        add_forwarding_args(p);
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, $args_forward, arg_FWD_BLOCK, &@args_forward);
                         $$->nd_ainfo.forwarding = 1;
-                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:1, Qnil] %*/
+                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:args_forward, Qnil] %*/
                     }
                 ;
 
-f_args		: f_arg ',' f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+largs_tail	: args_tail_basic(arg_value, none)
+                | args_forward
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, $5, 0, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, $:5, Qnil, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
+                        yyerror1(&@args_forward, "unexpected ... in lambda argument");
+                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@args_forward);
+                        $$->nd_ainfo.forwarding = 1;
+                    /*% ripper: [Qnil, $:args_forward, Qnil] %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                ;
+
+%rule args-list(value, tail) <node_args>
+                : f_arg[pre] ',' f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, $8, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, $:5, $:7, *$:8[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, $opt, $rest, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, $:opt, $:rest, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(arg_value) opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_arg[pre] ',' f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, 0, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, Qnil, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, $opt, $rest, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, $:opt, $:rest, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg ',' f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_arg[pre] ',' f_opt_arg(value)[opt] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, $3, 0, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, $:3, Qnil, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, $opt, 0, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, $:opt, Qnil, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_arg[pre] ',' f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, $3, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, $:3, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, $opt, 0, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, $:opt, Qnil, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_arg[pre] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, $3, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, $:3, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, 0, $rest, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, Qnil, $:rest, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_arg[pre] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, $1, 0, 0, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!($:1, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, 0, $rest, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, Qnil, $:rest, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, $3, 0, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, $:3, Qnil, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $opt, $rest, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:opt, $:rest, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_rest_arg[rest] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, $3, $5, $6, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, $:3, $:5, *$:6[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $opt, $rest, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:opt, $:rest, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_optarg(arg_value) opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_opt_arg(value)[opt] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, 0, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, Qnil, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $opt, 0, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:opt, Qnil, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_optarg(arg_value) ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_opt_arg(value)[opt] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $1, 0, $3, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:1, Qnil, $:3, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, $opt, 0, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, $:opt, Qnil, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_rest_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_rest_arg[rest] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $1, 0, $2, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:1, Qnil, *$:2[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $rest, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:rest, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_args_tail(args_tail)
+                | f_rest_arg[rest] ',' f_arg[post] tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $1, $3, $4, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:1, $:3, *$:4[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, $rest, $post, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, $:rest, $:post, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | args_tail
+                ;
+
+%rule tail-only-args(tail) <node_args>
+                : tail
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $1, &@$);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:1[0..2]) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
-                | /* none */
+                ;
+
+%rule f_args-list(tail, trailing) <node_args>
+                : args-list(arg_value, opt_args_tail(tail, trailing))
+                | f_arg[pre] opt_args_tail(tail, trailing)[tail]
                     {
-                        $$ = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, &@0);
-                        $$ = new_args(p, 0, 0, 0, 0, $$, &@0);
-                    /*% ripper: params!(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) %*/
+                        $$ = new_args(p, $pre, 0, 0, 0, $tail, &@$);
+                    /*% ripper: params!($:pre, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, *$:tail[0..2]) %*/
                     }
+                | tail-only-args(tail)
+                | f_empty_arg
+                ;
+
+f_args		: f_args-list(args_tail, opt_comma)
+                ;
+
+f_largs		: f_args-list(largs_tail, none)
                 ;
 
 args_forward	: tBDOT3
                     {
-#ifdef FORWARD_ARGS_WITH_RUBY2_KEYWORDS
-                        $$ = 0;
-#else
                         $$ = idFWD_KWREST;
-#endif
                     /*% ripper: args_forward! %*/
                     }
                 ;
@@ -6586,6 +6527,11 @@ f_block_arg	: blkarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
                         $$ = $2;
                     /*% ripper: blockarg!($:2) %*/
                     }
+                | blkarg_mark keyword_nil
+                    {
+                        $$ = idNil;
+                    /*% ripper: blockarg!(ID2VAL(idNil)) %*/
+                    }
                 | blkarg_mark
                     {
                         arg_var(p, idFWD_BLOCK);
@@ -6594,24 +6540,17 @@ f_block_arg	: blkarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
                     }
                 ;
 
-opt_f_block_arg	: ',' f_block_arg
+opt_comma	: ','?
                     {
-                        $$ = $2;
-                    /*% ripper: $:2 %*/
+                        $$ = 0;
+                    /*% ripper: Qnil %*/
                     }
-                | none
                 ;
 
-singleton	: value_expr(var_ref)
-                | '('
-                    {
-                        SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG);
-                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
-                    }
-                  expr rparen
+
+singleton	: value_expr(singleton_expr)
                     {
-                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
-                        NODE *expr = last_expr_node($3);
+                        NODE *expr = last_expr_node($1);
                         switch (nd_type(expr)) {
                           case NODE_STR:
                           case NODE_DSTR:
@@ -6633,9 +6572,21 @@ singleton	: value_expr(var_ref)
                             yyerror1(&expr->nd_loc, "can't define singleton method for literals");
                             break;
                           default:
-                            value_expr($3);
                             break;
                         }
+                        $$ = $1;
+                    }
+                ;
+
+singleton_expr	: var_ref
+                | '('
+                    {
+                        SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG);
+                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 0;
+                    }
+                  expr rparen
+                    {
+                        p->ctxt.in_argdef = 1;
                         $$ = $3;
                     /*% ripper: paren!($:3) %*/
                     }
@@ -6751,7 +6702,14 @@ trailer		: '\n'?
                 | ','
                 ;
 
-term		: ';' {yyerrok;token_flush(p);}
+term		: ';'
+                    {
+                        yyerrok;
+                        token_flush(p);
+                        if (p->ctxt.in_defined) {
+                            p->ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                 | '\n'
                     {
                         @$.end_pos = @$.beg_pos;
@@ -6950,7 +6908,8 @@ parser_dispatch_delayed_token(struct parser_params *p, enum yytokentype t, int l
     if (p->keep_tokens) {
         /* p->delayed.token is freed by rb_parser_tokens_free */
         parser_append_tokens(p, p->delayed.token, t, line);
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         rb_parser_string_free(p, p->delayed.token);
     }
 
@@ -7013,6 +6972,19 @@ is_identchar(struct parser_params *p, const char *ptr, const char *MAYBE_UNUSED(
     return rb_enc_isalnum((unsigned char)*ptr, enc) || *ptr == '_' || !ISASCII(*ptr);
 }
 
+static inline bool
+peek_word_at(struct parser_params *p, const char *str, size_t len, int at)
+{
+    const char *ptr = p->lex.pcur + at;
+    if (lex_eol_ptr_n_p(p, ptr, len-1)) return false;
+    if (memcmp(ptr, str, len)) return false;
+    if (lex_eol_ptr_n_p(p, ptr, len)) return true;
+    switch (ptr[len]) {
+      case '!': case '?': return false;
+    }
+    return !is_identchar(p, ptr+len, p->lex.pend, p->enc);
+}
+
 static inline int
 parser_is_identchar(struct parser_params *p)
 {
@@ -7069,7 +7041,7 @@ token_info_pop(struct parser_params *p, const char *token, const rb_code_locatio
     token_info_warn(p, token, ptinfo_beg, 1, loc);
 
     p->token_info = ptinfo_beg->next;
-    ruby_sized_xfree(ptinfo_beg, sizeof(*ptinfo_beg));
+    ruby_xfree_sized(ptinfo_beg, sizeof(*ptinfo_beg));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -7089,7 +7061,7 @@ token_info_drop(struct parser_params *p, const char *token, rb_code_position_t b
                       ptinfo_beg->token);
     }
 
-    ruby_sized_xfree(ptinfo_beg, sizeof(*ptinfo_beg));
+    ruby_xfree_sized(ptinfo_beg, sizeof(*ptinfo_beg));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -7341,9 +7313,9 @@ vtable_free_gen(struct parser_params *p, int line, const char *name,
 #endif
     if (!DVARS_TERMINAL_P(tbl)) {
         if (tbl->tbl) {
-            ruby_sized_xfree(tbl->tbl, tbl->capa * sizeof(ID));
+            ruby_xfree_sized(tbl->tbl, tbl->capa * sizeof(ID));
         }
-        ruby_sized_xfree(tbl, sizeof(*tbl));
+        ruby_xfree_sized(tbl, sizeof(*tbl));
     }
 }
 #define vtable_free(tbl) vtable_free_gen(p, __LINE__, #tbl, tbl)
@@ -8956,7 +8928,6 @@ number_literal_suffix(struct parser_params *p, int mask)
         }
         if (!ISASCII(c) || ISALPHA(c) || c == '_') {
             p->lex.pcur = lastp;
-            literal_flush(p, p->lex.pcur);
             return 0;
         }
         pushback(p, c);
@@ -9050,7 +9021,7 @@ here_document(struct parser_params *p, rb_strterm_heredoc_t *here)
         if (!has_delayed_token(p)) {
             dispatch_scan_event(p, tSTRING_CONTENT);
         }
-        else {
+        else if (p->delayed.end_line + 1 == p->ruby_sourceline) {
             if ((len = p->lex.pcur - p->lex.ptok) > 0) {
                 if (!(func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP)) {
                     int cr = ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN;
@@ -9065,6 +9036,10 @@ here_document(struct parser_params *p, rb_strterm_heredoc_t *here)
             }
             dispatch_delayed_token(p, tSTRING_CONTENT);
         }
+        else {
+            dispatch_delayed_token(p, tSTRING_CONTENT);
+            dispatch_scan_event(p, tSTRING_CONTENT);
+        }
         lex_goto_eol(p);
 #endif
         heredoc_restore(p, &p->lex.strterm->u.heredoc);
@@ -9935,6 +9910,7 @@ parse_qmark(struct parser_params *p, int space_seen)
     rb_encoding *enc;
     register int c;
     rb_parser_string_t *lit;
+    const char *start = p->lex.pcur;
 
     if (IS_END()) {
         SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_VALUE);
@@ -9959,13 +9935,11 @@ parse_qmark(struct parser_params *p, int space_seen)
     }
     newtok(p);
     enc = p->enc;
-    if (!parser_isascii(p)) {
-        if (tokadd_mbchar(p, c) == -1) return 0;
-    }
-    else if ((rb_enc_isalnum(c, p->enc) || c == '_') &&
-             !lex_eol_p(p) && is_identchar(p, p->lex.pcur, p->lex.pend, p->enc)) {
+    int w = parser_precise_mbclen(p, start);
+    if (is_identchar(p, start, p->lex.pend, p->enc) &&
+        !(lex_eol_ptr_n_p(p, start, w) || !is_identchar(p, start + w, p->lex.pend, p->enc))) {
         if (space_seen) {
-            const char *start = p->lex.pcur - 1, *ptr = start;
+            const char *ptr = start;
             do {
                 int n = parser_precise_mbclen(p, ptr);
                 if (n < 0) return -1;
@@ -9993,7 +9967,7 @@ parse_qmark(struct parser_params *p, int space_seen)
         }
     }
     else {
-        tokadd(p, c);
+        if (tokadd_mbchar(p, c) == -1) return 0;
     }
     tokfix(p);
     lit = STR_NEW3(tok(p), toklen(p), enc, 0);
@@ -10581,7 +10555,24 @@ parser_yylex(struct parser_params *p)
                     token_flush(p);
                 }
                 goto retry;
+              case 'a':
+                if (peek_word_at(p, "nd", 2, 0)) goto leading_logical;
+                goto bol;
+              case 'o':
+                if (peek_word_at(p, "r", 1, 0)) goto leading_logical;
+                goto bol;
+              case '|':
+                if (peek(p, '|')) goto leading_logical;
+                goto bol;
               case '&':
+                if (peek(p, '&')) {
+                  leading_logical:
+                    pushback(p, c);
+                    dispatch_delayed_token(p, tIGNORED_NL);
+                    cmd_state = FALSE;
+                    goto retry;
+                }
+                /* fall through */
               case '.': {
                 dispatch_delayed_token(p, tIGNORED_NL);
                 if (peek(p, '.') == (c == '&')) {
@@ -10590,6 +10581,7 @@ parser_yylex(struct parser_params *p)
                     goto retry;
                 }
               }
+              bol:
               default:
                 p->ruby_sourceline--;
                 p->lex.nextline = p->lex.lastline;
@@ -11240,24 +11232,26 @@ node_newnode(struct parser_params *p, enum node_type type, size_t size, size_t a
 #define NODE_NEWNODE(node_type, type, loc) (type *)(node_newnode(p, node_type, sizeof(type), RUBY_ALIGNOF(type), loc))
 
 static rb_node_scope_t *
-rb_node_scope_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_scope_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_parent, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     rb_ast_id_table_t *nd_tbl;
     nd_tbl = local_tbl(p);
     rb_node_scope_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_SCOPE, rb_node_scope_t, loc);
     n->nd_tbl = nd_tbl;
     n->nd_body = nd_body;
+    n->nd_parent = nd_parent;
     n->nd_args = nd_args;
 
     return n;
 }
 
 static rb_node_scope_t *
-rb_node_scope_new2(struct parser_params *p, rb_ast_id_table_t *nd_tbl, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_scope_new2(struct parser_params *p, rb_ast_id_table_t *nd_tbl, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_parent, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     rb_node_scope_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_SCOPE, rb_node_scope_t, loc);
     n->nd_tbl = nd_tbl;
     n->nd_body = nd_body;
+    n->nd_parent = nd_parent;
     n->nd_args = nd_args;
 
     return n;
@@ -11445,8 +11439,9 @@ static rb_node_class_t *
 rb_node_class_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_super, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *class_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *inheritance_operator_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc)
 {
     /* Keep the order of node creation */
-    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, loc);
+    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, NULL, loc);
     rb_node_class_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_CLASS, rb_node_class_t, loc);
+    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = &n->node;
     n->nd_cpath = nd_cpath;
     n->nd_body = scope;
     n->nd_super = nd_super;
@@ -11458,25 +11453,32 @@ rb_node_class_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, NODE *
 }
 
 static rb_node_sclass_t *
-rb_node_sclass_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_recv, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_sclass_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_recv, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *class_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc)
 {
     /* Keep the order of node creation */
-    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, loc);
+    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, NULL, loc);
     rb_node_sclass_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_SCLASS, rb_node_sclass_t, loc);
+    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = &n->node;
     n->nd_recv = nd_recv;
     n->nd_body = scope;
+    n->class_keyword_loc = *class_keyword_loc;
+    n->operator_loc = *operator_loc;
+    n->end_keyword_loc = *end_keyword_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
 
 static rb_node_module_t *
-rb_node_module_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_module_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cpath, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *module_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *end_keyword_loc)
 {
     /* Keep the order of node creation */
-    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, loc);
+    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(0, nd_body, NULL, loc);
     rb_node_module_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_MODULE, rb_node_module_t, loc);
+    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = &n->node;
     n->nd_cpath = nd_cpath;
     n->nd_body = scope;
+    n->module_keyword_loc = *module_keyword_loc;
+    n->end_keyword_loc = *end_keyword_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
@@ -11485,8 +11487,9 @@ static rb_node_iter_t *
 rb_node_iter_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     /* Keep the order of node creation */
-    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(nd_args, nd_body, loc);
+    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(nd_args, nd_body, NULL, loc);
     rb_node_iter_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_ITER, rb_node_iter_t, loc);
+    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = &n->node;
     n->nd_body = scope;
     n->nd_iter = 0;
 
@@ -11497,9 +11500,10 @@ static rb_node_lambda_t *
 rb_node_lambda_new(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *nd_args, NODE *nd_body, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc, const YYLTYPE *opening_loc, const YYLTYPE *closing_loc)
 {
     /* Keep the order of node creation */
-    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(nd_args, nd_body, loc);
+    NODE *scope = NEW_SCOPE(nd_args, nd_body, NULL, loc);
     YYLTYPE lambda_loc = code_loc_gen(operator_loc, closing_loc);
     rb_node_lambda_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_LAMBDA, rb_node_lambda_t, &lambda_loc);
+    RNODE_SCOPE(scope)->nd_parent = &n->node;
     n->nd_body = scope;
     n->operator_loc = *operator_loc;
     n->opening_loc = *opening_loc;
@@ -11558,12 +11562,15 @@ rb_node_when_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd
 }
 
 static rb_node_in_t *
-rb_node_in_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_in_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, NODE *nd_body, NODE *nd_next, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *in_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *then_keyword_loc, const YYLTYPE *operator_loc)
 {
     rb_node_in_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_IN, rb_node_in_t, loc);
     n->nd_head = nd_head;
     n->nd_body = nd_body;
     n->nd_next = nd_next;
+    n->in_keyword_loc = *in_keyword_loc;
+    n->then_keyword_loc = *then_keyword_loc;
+    n->operator_loc = *operator_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
@@ -11595,20 +11602,24 @@ rb_node_until_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_cond, NODE *nd_body, long nd
 }
 
 static rb_node_colon2_t *
-rb_node_colon2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_colon2_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *delimiter_loc, const YYLTYPE *name_loc)
 {
     rb_node_colon2_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_COLON2, rb_node_colon2_t, loc);
     n->nd_head = nd_head;
     n->nd_mid = nd_mid;
+    n->delimiter_loc = *delimiter_loc;
+    n->name_loc = *name_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
 
 static rb_node_colon3_t *
-rb_node_colon3_new(struct parser_params *p, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_colon3_new(struct parser_params *p, ID nd_mid, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *delimiter_loc, const YYLTYPE *name_loc)
 {
     rb_node_colon3_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_COLON3, rb_node_colon3_t, loc);
     n->nd_mid = nd_mid;
+    n->delimiter_loc = *delimiter_loc;
+    n->name_loc = *name_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
@@ -11710,16 +11721,10 @@ rb_node_match3_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_recv, NODE *nd_value, const
     return n;
 }
 
-/* TODO: Use union for NODE_LIST2 */
 static rb_node_list_t *
 rb_node_list_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
-    rb_node_list_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_LIST, rb_node_list_t, loc);
-    n->nd_head = nd_head;
-    n->as.nd_alen = 1;
-    n->nd_next = 0;
-
-    return n;
+    return rb_node_list_new2(p, nd_head, 1, 0, loc);
 }
 
 static rb_node_list_t *
@@ -12268,10 +12273,11 @@ rb_node_errinfo_new(struct parser_params *p, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 }
 
 static rb_node_defined_t *
-rb_node_defined_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+rb_node_defined_new(struct parser_params *p, NODE *nd_head, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc)
 {
     rb_node_defined_t *n = NODE_NEWNODE(NODE_DEFINED, rb_node_defined_t, loc);
     n->nd_head = nd_head;
+    n->keyword_loc = *keyword_loc;
 
     return n;
 }
@@ -12780,8 +12786,8 @@ call_bin_op(struct parser_params *p, NODE *recv, ID id, NODE *arg1,
                 const YYLTYPE *op_loc, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     NODE *expr;
-    value_expr(recv);
-    value_expr(arg1);
+    value_expr(p, recv);
+    value_expr(p, arg1);
     expr = NEW_OPCALL(recv, id, NEW_LIST(arg1, &arg1->nd_loc), loc);
     nd_set_line(expr, op_loc->beg_pos.lineno);
     return expr;
@@ -12791,7 +12797,7 @@ static NODE *
 call_uni_op(struct parser_params *p, NODE *recv, ID id, const YYLTYPE *op_loc, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     NODE *opcall;
-    value_expr(recv);
+    value_expr(p, recv);
     opcall = NEW_OPCALL(recv, id, 0, loc);
     nd_set_line(opcall, op_loc->beg_pos.lineno);
     return opcall;
@@ -12841,8 +12847,8 @@ match_op(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node1, NODE *node2, const YYLTYPE *op_lo
     NODE *n;
     int line = op_loc->beg_pos.lineno;
 
-    value_expr(node1);
-    value_expr(node2);
+    value_expr(p, node1);
+    value_expr(p, node2);
 
     if ((n = last_expr_once_body(node1)) != 0) {
         switch (nd_type(n)) {
@@ -12902,10 +12908,10 @@ numparam_nested_p(struct parser_params *p)
     NODE *inner = local->numparam.inner;
     if (outer || inner) {
         NODE *used = outer ? outer : inner;
-        compile_error(p, "numbered parameter is already used in\n"
-                      "%s:%d: %s block here",
-                      p->ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(used),
-                      outer ? "outer" : "inner");
+        compile_error(p, "numbered parameter is already used in %s block\n"
+                      "%s:%d: numbered parameter is already used here",
+                      outer ? "outer" : "inner",
+                      p->ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(used));
         parser_show_error_line(p, &used->nd_loc);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -12917,8 +12923,8 @@ numparam_used_p(struct parser_params *p)
 {
     NODE *numparam = p->lvtbl->numparam.current;
     if (numparam) {
-        compile_error(p, "numbered parameter is already used in\n"
-                      "%s:%d: current block here",
+        compile_error(p, "'it' is not allowed when a numbered parameter is already used\n"
+                      "%s:%d: numbered parameter is already used here",
                       p->ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(numparam));
         parser_show_error_line(p, &numparam->nd_loc);
         return 1;
@@ -12931,8 +12937,8 @@ it_used_p(struct parser_params *p)
 {
     NODE *it = p->lvtbl->it;
     if (it) {
-        compile_error(p, "'it' is already used in\n"
-                      "%s:%d: current block here",
+        compile_error(p, "numbered parameters are not allowed when 'it' is already used\n"
+                      "%s:%d: 'it' is already used here",
                       p->ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(it));
         parser_show_error_line(p, &it->nd_loc);
         return 1;
@@ -12995,14 +13001,14 @@ gettable(struct parser_params *p, ID id, const YYLTYPE *loc)
         }
 # endif
         /* method call without arguments */
-        if (dyna_in_block(p) && id == rb_intern("it") && !(DVARS_TERMINAL_P(p->lvtbl->args) || DVARS_TERMINAL_P(p->lvtbl->args->prev))) {
+        if (dyna_in_block(p) && id == idIt && !(DVARS_TERMINAL_P(p->lvtbl->args) || DVARS_TERMINAL_P(p->lvtbl->args->prev))) {
             if (numparam_used_p(p)) return 0;
             if (p->max_numparam == ORDINAL_PARAM) {
                 compile_error(p, "ordinary parameter is defined");
                 return 0;
             }
             if (!p->it_id) {
-                p->it_id = internal_id(p);
+                p->it_id = idItImplicit;
                 vtable_add(p->lvtbl->args, p->it_id);
             }
             NODE *node = NEW_DVAR(p->it_id, loc);
@@ -13049,8 +13055,11 @@ kwd_append(rb_node_kw_arg_t *kwlist, rb_node_kw_arg_t *kw)
 }
 
 static NODE *
-new_defined(struct parser_params *p, NODE *expr, const YYLTYPE *loc)
+new_defined(struct parser_params *p, NODE *expr, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *keyword_loc)
 {
+    int had_trailing_semicolon = p->ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon;
+    p->ctxt.has_trailing_semicolon = 0;
+
     NODE *n = expr;
     while (n) {
         if (nd_type_p(n, NODE_BEGIN)) {
@@ -13063,7 +13072,13 @@ new_defined(struct parser_params *p, NODE *expr, const YYLTYPE *loc)
             break;
         }
     }
-    return NEW_DEFINED(n, loc);
+
+    if (had_trailing_semicolon && !nd_type_p(expr, NODE_BLOCK)) {
+        NODE *block = NEW_BLOCK(expr, loc);
+        return NEW_DEFINED(block, loc, keyword_loc);
+    }
+
+    return NEW_DEFINED(n, loc, keyword_loc);
 }
 
 static NODE*
@@ -13789,7 +13804,9 @@ value_expr_check(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
           case NODE_RESCUE:
             /* void only if all children are void */
             vn = RNODE_RESCUE(node)->nd_head;
-            if (!vn || !(vn = value_expr_check(p, vn))) return NULL;
+            if (!vn || !(vn = value_expr_check(p, vn))) {
+                if (!RNODE_RESCUE(node)->nd_else) return NULL;
+            }
             if (!void_node) void_node = vn;
             for (NODE *r = RNODE_RESCUE(node)->nd_resq; r; r = RNODE_RESBODY(r)->nd_next) {
                 if (!nd_type_p(r, NODE_RESBODY)) {
@@ -13797,8 +13814,7 @@ value_expr_check(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
                     return NULL;
                 }
                 if (!(vn = value_expr_check(p, RNODE_RESBODY(r)->nd_body))) {
-                    void_node = 0;
-                    break;
+                    return NULL;
                 }
                 if (!void_node) void_node = vn;
             }
@@ -13813,19 +13829,43 @@ value_expr_check(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
           case NODE_RETRY:
             goto found;
 
-          case NODE_CASE3:
-            if (!RNODE_CASE3(node)->nd_body || !nd_type_p(RNODE_CASE3(node)->nd_body, NODE_IN)) {
-                compile_error(p, "unexpected node");
-                return NULL;
+          case NODE_CASE:
+          case NODE_CASE2:
+            for (node = RNODE_CASE(node)->nd_body;
+                 node && nd_type_p(node, NODE_WHEN);
+                 node = RNODE_WHEN(node)->nd_next) {
+                if (!(vn = value_expr_check(p, RNODE_WHEN(node)->nd_body))) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                if (!void_node) void_node = vn;
             }
-            if (RNODE_IN(RNODE_CASE3(node)->nd_body)->nd_body) {
-                return NULL;
+            break;
+
+          case NODE_CASE3:
+            {
+                NODE *in = RNODE_CASE3(node)->nd_body;
+                if (!in || !nd_type_p(in, NODE_IN)) {
+                    compile_error(p, "unexpected node");
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                if (!RNODE_IN(in)->nd_body) {
+                    /* single line pattern matching with "=>" operator */
+                    goto found;
+                }
+                do {
+                    vn = value_expr_check(p, RNODE_IN(in)->nd_body);
+                    if (!vn) return NULL;
+                    if (!void_node) void_node = vn;
+                    in = RNODE_IN(in)->nd_next;
+                } while (in && nd_type_p(in, NODE_IN));
+                node = in;  /* else */
             }
-            /* single line pattern matching with "=>" operator */
-            goto found;
+            break;
 
           case NODE_BLOCK:
             while (RNODE_BLOCK(node)->nd_next) {
+                vn = value_expr_check(p, RNODE_BLOCK(node)->nd_head);
+                if (vn) return vn;
                 node = RNODE_BLOCK(node)->nd_next;
             }
             node = RNODE_BLOCK(node)->nd_head;
@@ -13873,7 +13913,7 @@ value_expr_check(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
 }
 
 static int
-value_expr_gen(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
+value_expr(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
 {
     NODE *void_node = value_expr_check(p, node);
     if (void_node) {
@@ -14142,7 +14182,7 @@ range_op(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node, const YYLTYPE *loc)
     if (node == 0) return 0;
 
     type = nd_type(node);
-    value_expr(node);
+    value_expr(p, node);
     if (type == NODE_INTEGER) {
         if (!e_option_supplied(p)) rb_warn0L(nd_line(node), "integer literal in flip-flop");
         ID lineno = rb_intern("$.");
@@ -14279,7 +14319,7 @@ logop(struct parser_params *p, ID id, NODE *left, NODE *right,
 {
     enum node_type type = id == idAND || id == idANDOP ? NODE_AND : NODE_OR;
     NODE *op;
-    value_expr(left);
+    value_expr(p, left);
     if (left && nd_type_p(left, type)) {
         NODE *node = left, *second;
         while ((second = RNODE_AND(node)->nd_2nd) != 0 && nd_type_p(second, type)) {
@@ -14318,7 +14358,7 @@ ret_args(struct parser_params *p, NODE *node)
 }
 
 static NODE*
-negate_lit(struct parser_params *p, NODE* node)
+negate_lit(struct parser_params *p, NODE* node, const YYLTYPE *loc)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_INTEGER:
@@ -14334,6 +14374,7 @@ negate_lit(struct parser_params *p, NODE* node)
         RNODE_IMAGINARY(node)->minus = TRUE;
         break;
     }
+    node->nd_loc = *loc;
     return node;
 }
 
@@ -14387,12 +14428,6 @@ new_args(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_aux_t *pre_args, rb_node_opt_arg_
 
     args->opt_args       = opt_args;
 
-#ifdef FORWARD_ARGS_WITH_RUBY2_KEYWORDS
-    args->ruby2_keywords = args->forwarding;
-#else
-    args->ruby2_keywords = 0;
-#endif
-
     nd_set_loc(RNODE(tail), loc);
 
     return tail;
@@ -14405,6 +14440,10 @@ new_args_tail(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_kw_arg_t *kw_args, ID kw_rest_arg
     struct rb_args_info *args = &node->nd_ainfo;
     if (p->error_p) return node;
 
+    if (block == idNil) {
+        block = 0;
+        args->no_blockarg = TRUE;
+    }
     args->block_arg      = block;
     args->kw_args        = kw_args;
 
@@ -14461,7 +14500,7 @@ args_with_numbered(struct parser_params *p, rb_node_args_t *args, int max_numpar
     if (max_numparam > NO_PARAM || it_id) {
         if (!args) {
             YYLTYPE loc = RUBY_INIT_YYLLOC();
-            args = new_args_tail(p, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+            args = new_empty_args_tail(p, 0);
             nd_set_loc(RNODE(args), &loc);
         }
         args->nd_ainfo.pre_args_num = it_id ? 1 : max_numparam;
@@ -14666,7 +14705,11 @@ error_duplicate_pattern_variable(struct parser_params *p, ID id, const YYLTYPE *
     if (st_is_member(p->pvtbl, id)) {
         yyerror1(loc, "duplicated variable name");
     }
+    else if (p->ctxt.in_alt_pattern && id) {
+        yyerror1(loc, "variable capture in alternative pattern");
+    }
     else {
+        p->ctxt.capture_in_pattern = 1;
         st_insert(p->pvtbl, (st_data_t)id, 0);
     }
 }
@@ -14875,7 +14918,7 @@ local_free(struct parser_params *p, struct local_vars *local)
     vtable_chain_free(p, local->args);
     vtable_chain_free(p, local->vars);
 
-    ruby_sized_xfree(local, sizeof(struct local_vars));
+    ruby_xfree_sized(local, sizeof(struct local_vars));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -14998,9 +15041,7 @@ static void
 add_forwarding_args(struct parser_params *p)
 {
     arg_var(p, idFWD_REST);
-#ifndef FORWARD_ARGS_WITH_RUBY2_KEYWORDS
     arg_var(p, idFWD_KWREST);
-#endif
     arg_var(p, idFWD_BLOCK);
     arg_var(p, idFWD_ALL);
 }
@@ -15043,15 +15084,11 @@ static NODE *
 new_args_forward_call(struct parser_params *p, NODE *leading, const YYLTYPE *loc, const YYLTYPE *argsloc)
 {
     NODE *rest = NEW_LVAR(idFWD_REST, loc);
-#ifndef FORWARD_ARGS_WITH_RUBY2_KEYWORDS
     NODE *kwrest = list_append(p, NEW_LIST(0, loc), NEW_LVAR(idFWD_KWREST, loc));
-#endif
     rb_node_block_pass_t *block = NEW_BLOCK_PASS(NEW_LVAR(idFWD_BLOCK, loc), argsloc, &NULL_LOC);
     NODE *args = leading ? rest_arg_append(p, leading, rest, argsloc) : NEW_SPLAT(rest, loc, &NULL_LOC);
     block->forwarding = TRUE;
-#ifndef FORWARD_ARGS_WITH_RUBY2_KEYWORDS
     args = arg_append(p, args, new_hash(p, kwrest, loc), argsloc);
-#endif
     return arg_blk_pass(args, block);
 }
 
@@ -15140,7 +15177,7 @@ dyna_pop(struct parser_params *p, const struct vtable *lvargs)
         dyna_pop_1(p);
         if (!p->lvtbl->args) {
             struct local_vars *local = p->lvtbl->prev;
-            ruby_sized_xfree(p->lvtbl, sizeof(*p->lvtbl));
+            ruby_xfree_sized(p->lvtbl, sizeof(*p->lvtbl));
             p->lvtbl = local;
         }
     }
@@ -15530,7 +15567,7 @@ rb_ruby_parser_free(void *ptr)
 #endif
 
     if (p->tokenbuf) {
-        ruby_sized_xfree(p->tokenbuf, p->toksiz);
+        ruby_xfree_sized(p->tokenbuf, p->toksiz);
     }
 
     for (local = p->lvtbl; local; local = prev) {
diff --git a/parser_bits.h b/parser_bits.h
index ca7535280e..f894dde33e 100644
--- a/parser_bits.h
+++ b/parser_bits.h
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
 #include <stdint.h>             /* for uintptr_t */
 #include "internal/compilers.h" /* for MSC_VERSION_SINCE */
 
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
 # include <stdlib.h>            /* for _byteswap_uint64 */
 #endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_X86INTRIN_H)
 # include <x86intrin.h>         /* for _lzcnt_u64 */
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 # include <intrin.h>            /* for the following intrinsics */
 #endif
 
@@ -50,16 +50,13 @@
 # pragma intrinsic(__lzcnt64)
 #endif
 
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
 # pragma intrinsic(_rotl)
 # pragma intrinsic(_rotr)
 # ifdef _WIN64
 #  pragma intrinsic(_rotl64)
 #  pragma intrinsic(_rotr64)
 # endif
-#endif
-
-#if MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
 # pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
 # pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
 # ifdef _WIN64
@@ -90,6 +87,7 @@
 
 #define UNSIGNED_INTEGER_MAX(T) ((T)~(T)0)
 
+#ifndef MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_mul_overflow_p)
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_P(a, b) \
     __builtin_mul_overflow_p((a), (b), (__typeof__(a * b))0)
@@ -118,15 +116,100 @@
     MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, FIXNUM_MIN, FIXNUM_MAX)
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MUL_OVERFLOW_P
+#if defined(MUL_OVERFLOW_P) && defined(USE___BUILTIN_MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG)
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) MUL_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+#else
+# define MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_OVERFLOW_P
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      MUL_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       MUL_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
 #else
-# define MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX)
 # define MUL_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       MUL_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, INT_MIN, INT_MAX)
 #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_add_overflow_p)
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_P(a, b) \
+    __builtin_add_overflow_p((a), (b), (__typeof__(a * b))0)
+#elif __has_builtin(__builtin_add_overflow)
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_P(a, b) \
+    __extension__ ({ __typeof__(a) c; __builtin_add_overflow((a), (b), &c); })
+#endif
+
+#define ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, min, max) ( \
+    (a) > 0 ? (b) > (max) - (a) : (b) < (min) - (a))
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_add_overflow_p)
+/* __builtin_add_overflow_p can take bitfield */
+/* and GCC permits bitfields for integers other than int */
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_FIXNUM_P(a, b) \
+    __extension__ ({ \
+        struct { long fixnum : sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT - 1; } c = { 0 }; \
+        __builtin_add_overflow_p((a), (b), c.fixnum); \
+    })
+#else
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_FIXNUM_P(a, b) \
+    ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, FIXNUM_MIN, FIXNUM_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ADD_OVERFLOW_P) && defined(USE___BUILTIN_ADD_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG)
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) ADD_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+#else
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ADD_OVERFLOW_P
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      ADD_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       ADD_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+#else
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX)
+# define ADD_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       ADD_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, INT_MIN, INT_MAX)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_sub_overflow_p)
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_P(a, b) \
+    __builtin_sub_overflow_p((a), (b), (__typeof__(a * b))0)
+#elif __has_builtin(__builtin_sub_overflow)
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_P(a, b) \
+    __extension__ ({ __typeof__(a) c; __builtin_sub_overflow((a), (b), &c); })
+#endif
+
+#define SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, min, max) ( \
+        (b) > 0 ? (a) < (min) + (b) : (a) > (max) + (b))
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_sub_overflow_p)
+/* __builtin_sub_overflow_p can take bitfield */
+/* and GCC permits bitfields for integers other than int */
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_FIXNUM_P(a, b) \
+    __extension__ ({ \
+        struct { long fixnum : sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT - 1; } c = { 0 }; \
+        __builtin_sub_overflow_p((a), (b), c.fixnum); \
+    })
+#else
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_FIXNUM_P(a, b) \
+    SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, FIXNUM_MIN, FIXNUM_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SUB_OVERFLOW_P) && defined(USE___BUILTIN_SUB_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG)
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) SUB_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+#else
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_LONG_LONG_P(a, b) SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SUB_OVERFLOW_P
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      SUB_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       SUB_OVERFLOW_P(a, b)
+#else
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(a, b)      SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX)
+# define SUB_OVERFLOW_INT_P(a, b)       SUB_OVERFLOW_SIGNED_INTEGER_P(a, b, INT_MIN, INT_MAX)
+#endif
+#endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
 # define bit_length(x) \
@@ -180,7 +263,7 @@ ruby_swap16(uint16_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap16)
     return __builtin_bswap16(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_ushort(x);
 
 #else
@@ -195,7 +278,7 @@ ruby_swap32(uint32_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
     return __builtin_bswap32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_ulong(x);
 
 #else
@@ -212,7 +295,7 @@ ruby_swap64(uint64_t x)
 #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
     return __builtin_bswap64(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     return _byteswap_uint64(x);
 
 #else
@@ -237,7 +320,7 @@ nlz_int32(uint32_t x)
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__LZCNT__)
     return (unsigned int)_lzcnt_u32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanReverse(&r, x) ? (31 - (int)r) : 32;
 
@@ -266,7 +349,7 @@ nlz_int64(uint64_t x)
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__LZCNT__)
     return (unsigned int)_lzcnt_u64(x);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN64) && MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
+#elif defined(_WIN64) && defined(_MSC_VER) /* &&! defined(__AVX2__) */
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanReverse64(&r, x) ? (63u - (unsigned int)r) : 64;
 
@@ -394,9 +477,9 @@ rb_popcount32(uint32_t x)
 #else
     x = (x & 0x55555555) + (x >> 1 & 0x55555555);
     x = (x & 0x33333333) + (x >> 2 & 0x33333333);
-    x = (x & 0x0f0f0f0f) + (x >> 4 & 0x0f0f0f0f);
-    x = (x & 0x001f001f) + (x >> 8 & 0x001f001f);
-    x = (x & 0x0000003f) + (x >>16 & 0x0000003f);
+    x = (x & 0x07070707) + (x >> 4 & 0x07070707);
+    x = (x & 0x000f000f) + (x >> 8 & 0x000f000f);
+    x = (x & 0x0000001f) + (x >>16 & 0x0000001f);
     return (unsigned int)x;
 
 #endif
@@ -424,9 +507,9 @@ rb_popcount64(uint64_t x)
     x = (x & 0x5555555555555555) + (x >> 1 & 0x5555555555555555);
     x = (x & 0x3333333333333333) + (x >> 2 & 0x3333333333333333);
     x = (x & 0x0707070707070707) + (x >> 4 & 0x0707070707070707);
-    x = (x & 0x001f001f001f001f) + (x >> 8 & 0x001f001f001f001f);
-    x = (x & 0x0000003f0000003f) + (x >>16 & 0x0000003f0000003f);
-    x = (x & 0x000000000000007f) + (x >>32 & 0x000000000000007f);
+    x = (x & 0x000f000f000f000f) + (x >> 8 & 0x000f000f000f000f);
+    x = (x & 0x0000001f0000001f) + (x >>16 & 0x0000001f0000001f);
+    x = (x & 0x000000000000003f) + (x >>32 & 0x000000000000003f);
     return (unsigned int)x;
 
 #endif
@@ -452,7 +535,7 @@ ntz_int32(uint32_t x)
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__BMI__)
     return (unsigned)_tzcnt_u32(x);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
     /* :FIXME: Is there any way to issue TZCNT instead of BSF, apart from using
      *         assembly?  Because issuing LZCNT seems possible (see nlz.h). */
     unsigned long r;
@@ -474,7 +557,7 @@ ntz_int64(uint64_t x)
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__BMI__)
     return (unsigned)_tzcnt_u64(x);
 
-#elif defined(_WIN64) && MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1400)
+#elif defined(_WIN64) && defined(_MSC_VER)
     unsigned long r;
     return _BitScanForward64(&r, x) ? (int)r : 64;
 
@@ -522,10 +605,10 @@ RUBY_BIT_ROTL(VALUE v, int n)
 #elif __has_builtin(__builtin_rotateleft64) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return __builtin_rotateleft64(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
     return _rotl(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return _rotl64(v, n);
 
 #elif defined(_lrotl) && (SIZEOF_VALUE == SIZEOF_LONG)
@@ -546,10 +629,10 @@ RUBY_BIT_ROTR(VALUE v, int n)
 #elif __has_builtin(__builtin_rotateright64) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return __builtin_rotateright64(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 32)
     return _rotr(v, n);
 
-#elif MSC_VERSION_SINCE(1310) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT == 64)
     return _rotr64(v, n);
 
 #elif defined(_lrotr) && (SIZEOF_VALUE == SIZEOF_LONG)
diff --git a/parser_st.c b/parser_st.c
index c234026122..77d9df702e 100644
--- a/parser_st.c
+++ b/parser_st.c
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ nonempty_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
 #define st_init_table_with_size rb_parser_st_init_table_with_size
 #undef st_init_existing_table_with_size
 #define st_init_existing_table_with_size rb_parser_st_init_existing_table_with_size
+#undef st_init_existing_strtable_with_size
+#define st_init_existing_strtable_with_size rb_parser_st_init_existing_strtable_with_size
+#undef st_init_existing_numtable_with_size
+#define st_init_existing_numtable_with_size rb_parser_st_init_existing_numtable_with_size
+#undef st_free_embedded_table
+#define st_free_embedded_table rb_parser_st_free_embedded_table
 #undef st_insert
 #define st_insert rb_parser_st_insert
 #undef st_lookup
diff --git a/parser_st.h b/parser_st.h
index 877b1e9051..007ebb1bd4 100644
--- a/parser_st.h
+++ b/parser_st.h
@@ -88,13 +88,12 @@ struct parser_st_table {
     const struct parser_st_hash_type *type;
     /* Number of entries currently in the table.  */
     parser_st_index_t num_entries;
-    /* Array of bins used for access by keys.  */
-    parser_st_index_t *bins;
     /* Start and bound index of entries in array entries.
        entries_starts and entries_bound are in interval
        [0,allocated_entries].  */
     parser_st_index_t entries_start, entries_bound;
-    /* Array of size 2^entry_power.  */
+    /* Array of size 2^entry_power.
+       Optionnally followed by an array of bins used for access by keys.  */
     parser_st_table_entry *entries;
 };
 
diff --git a/pathname.c b/pathname.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b12f640373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/file.h"
+#include "internal/string.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
+
+#if defined __CYGWIN__ || defined DOSISH
+# define drive_letter 1
+# define alt_separator 1
+# define isdirsep(x) ((x) == '/' || (x) == '\\')
+#else
+# define drive_letter 0
+# define alt_separator 0
+# define isdirsep(x) ((x) == '/')
+#endif
+
+static VALUE rb_cPathname;
+static ID id_at_path;
+static ID id_sub;
+
+static VALUE
+check_strpath(VALUE path)
+{
+    Check_Type(path, T_STRING);
+    rb_get_path_check_no_convert(path);
+    return path;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+get_strpath(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE strpath;
+    strpath = rb_ivar_get(obj, id_at_path);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(strpath, T_STRING))
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "unexpected @path");
+    rb_get_path_check_no_convert(strpath);
+    return strpath;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   self <=> other -> -1, 0, 1, or nil
+ *
+ * Compares the contents of +self+ and +other+ as strings;
+ * see String#<=>.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * - <tt>-1</tt> if +self+'s string is smaller than +other+'s string.
+ * - <tt>0</tt> if the two are equal.
+ * - <tt>1</tt> if +self+'s string is larger than +other+'s string.
+ * - <tt>nil</tt> if +other+ is not a \Pathname.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *   Pathname('a')  <=> Pathname('b')  # => -1
+ *   Pathname('a')  <=> Pathname('ab') # => -1
+ *   Pathname('a')  <=> Pathname('a')  # => 0
+ *   Pathname('b')  <=> Pathname('a')  # => 1
+ *   Pathname('ab') <=> Pathname('a')  # => 1
+ *   Pathname('ab') <=> 'a'            # => nil
+ *
+ * Two pathnames that are different may refer to the same entry in the filesystem:
+ *
+ *   Pathname('lib') <=> Pathname('./lib') # => 1
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+path_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    VALUE s1, s2;
+    char *p1, *p2;
+    char *e1, *e2;
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
+        return Qnil;
+    s1 = get_strpath(self);
+    s2 = get_strpath(other);
+    p1 = RSTRING_PTR(s1);
+    p2 = RSTRING_PTR(s2);
+    e1 = p1 + RSTRING_LEN(s1);
+    e2 = p2 + RSTRING_LEN(s2);
+    while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
+        int c1, c2;
+        c1 = (unsigned char)*p1++;
+        c2 = (unsigned char)*p2++;
+        if (c1 == '/') c1 = '\0';
+        if (c2 == '/') c2 = '\0';
+        if (c1 != c2) {
+            if (c1 < c2)
+                return INT2FIX(-1);
+            else
+                return INT2FIX(1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (p1 < e1)
+        return INT2FIX(1);
+    if (p2 < e2)
+        return INT2FIX(-1);
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a pathname which is substituted by String#sub.
+ *
+ *	path1 = Pathname.new('/usr/bin/perl')
+ *	path1.sub('perl', 'ruby')
+ *	    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby>
+ */
+static VALUE
+path_sub(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
+
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        str = rb_block_call(str, id_sub, argc, argv, 0, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        str = rb_funcallv(str, id_sub, argc, argv);
+    }
+    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+same_paths(VALUE self, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+    check_strpath(a);
+    check_strpath(b);
+    if (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM)
+        return RBOOL(rb_str_casecmp(a, b) == INT2FIX(0));
+    else
+        return rb_str_equal(a, b);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Predicate method for root directories.  Returns +true+ if the
+ * pathname consists of consecutive slashes.
+ *
+ * It doesn't access the filesystem.  So it may return +false+ for some
+ * pathnames which points to roots such as <tt>/usr/..</tt>.
+ */
+static VALUE
+path_root_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(path) == 0) return Qfalse;
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(path), *end = RSTRING_END(path);
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+    const char *base = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix_root(ptr, end, enc);
+    return RBOOL(base == end);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   absolute? -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns whether +self+ contains an absolute path:
+ *
+ *   Pathname('/home').absolute? # => true
+ *   Pathname('lib').absolute?   # => false
+ *
+ * The result is OS-dependent for some paths:
+ *
+ *   Pathname('C:/').absolute?   # => true   # On Windows.
+ *   Pathname('C:/').absolute?   # => false  # Elsewhere.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+path_absolute_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(path);
+    if (len < 1) return Qfalse;
+    if (drive_letter) {
+        if (len >= 2 && ISALPHA(ptr[0]) && (ptr[1] == ':')) return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return RBOOL(isdirsep(ptr[0]));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+has_separator_p(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(check_strpath(path));
+    const char *end = RSTRING_END(path);
+    if (alt_separator) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+        bool mb = !rb_str_enc_fastpath(path);
+        while (ptr < end) {
+            if (isdirsep(*ptr)) return Qtrue;
+            ptr += (mb ? rb_enc_mbclen(ptr, end, enc) : 1);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* assume '/' will never be trailing bytes */
+        if (memchr(ptr, '/', end - ptr)) return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a pathname with +repl+ added as a suffix to the basename.
+ *
+ * If self has no extension part, +repl+ is appended.
+ *
+ *	Pathname.new('/usr/bin/shutdown').sub_ext('.rb')
+ *	    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/shutdown.rb>
+ */
+static VALUE
+path_sub_ext(VALUE self, VALUE repl)
+{
+    VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(path);
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    const char *ext = ruby_enc_find_extname(ptr, &len, rb_enc_get(path));
+    if (len > 0) {
+        RUBY_ASSERT(ext, "should point the last dot");
+        path = rb_str_subseq(path, 0, ext - ptr);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* no dot or dotted file */
+        path = rb_str_dup(path);
+    }
+    path = rb_str_append(path, repl);
+    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &path, rb_obj_class(self));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+/* chop_basename(path) -> [pre-basename, basename] or nil */
+static VALUE
+chop_basename(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    long baselen, alllen = RSTRING_LEN(check_strpath(path));
+    if (alllen <= 0) return Qnil;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+    const char *name = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    const char *base = ruby_enc_find_basename(name, &baselen, &alllen, enc);
+    if (baselen < 1) return Qnil;
+    if (baselen == 1 && isdirsep(*base)) return Qnil;
+    RUBY_ASSERT(base >= name);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(base <= RSTRING_END(path));
+    VALUE dir = rb_str_subseq(path, 0, base - name);
+    VALUE basename = rb_enc_str_new(base, alllen, enc);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(path);
+    return rb_assoc_new(dir, basename);
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+/* split_names(path) -> prefix, [name, ...] */
+static VALUE
+split_names(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(check_strpath(path));
+    const char *beg = RSTRING_PTR(path), *ptr = beg;
+    const char *end = RSTRING_END(path);
+    const char *root = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix_root(ptr, end, enc);
+    VALUE pre = rb_str_subseq(path, 0, root - ptr);
+    VALUE names = rb_ary_new();
+    while (ptr < end) {
+        const char *next = rb_enc_path_next(ptr, end, enc);
+        if (next > ptr) rb_ary_push(names, rb_str_subseq(path, ptr - beg, next - ptr));
+        ptr = next;
+        while (ptr < end && isdirsep(*ptr)) ++ptr;
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(pre, names);
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+/* has_trailing_separator?(path) -> bool */
+static VALUE
+has_trailing_separator(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    long baselen, alllen = RSTRING_LEN(check_strpath(path));
+    if (alllen <= 0) return Qfalse;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+    const char *name = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    const char *base = ruby_enc_find_basename(name, &baselen, &alllen, enc);
+    if (baselen < 1) return Qfalse;
+    if (baselen == 1 && isdirsep(*base)) return Qfalse;
+    return RBOOL(base + alllen < RSTRING_END(path));
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+/* add_trailing_separator(path) -> path */
+static VALUE
+add_trailing_separator(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(check_strpath(path)) <= 0) return path;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+    const char *name = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    const char *end = RSTRING_END(path);
+    const char *top = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(name, end, enc);
+    if (top < end && isdirsep(end[-1])) {
+        if (end[-1] == '/' || rb_enc_prev_char(top, end, end, enc) == end - 1)
+            return path;
+    }
+    return rb_str_cat_cstr(rb_str_dup(path), "/");
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+del_trailing_separator(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(check_strpath(path));
+    if (len <= 0) return path;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(path);
+    const char *name = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    const char *end = name + len, *tail = end;
+    const char *top = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(name, end, enc);
+    if (tail > top && isdirsep(tail[-1])) {
+        while (--tail > top && isdirsep(tail[-1]));
+        if (tail > top &&
+            tail[0] != '/' &&
+            !rb_str_enc_fastpath(path) &&
+            rb_enc_left_char_head(top, tail, end, enc) != tail) {
+            /* trailing byte, not a directory separator */
+            ++tail;
+        }
+        if (tail < end) {
+            if (tail == name || (drive_letter && tail == top && top[-1] == ':')) {
+                ++tail;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (tail == end) return path;
+    return rb_str_subseq(path, 0, tail - name);
+}
+
+#include "pathname_builtin.rbinc"
+
+static void init_ids(void);
+
+void
+Init_pathname(void)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
+
+    init_ids();
+    InitVM(pathname);
+}
+
+void
+InitVM_pathname(void)
+{
+    rb_cPathname = rb_define_class("Pathname", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "<=>", path_cmp, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sub", path_sub, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "sub_ext", path_sub_ext, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "root?", path_root_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cPathname, "absolute?", path_absolute_p, 0);
+
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "same_paths?", same_paths, 2);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "has_separator?", has_separator_p, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "chop_basename", chop_basename, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "split_names", split_names, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "has_trailing_separator?", has_trailing_separator, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "add_trailing_separator", add_trailing_separator, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cPathname, "del_trailing_separator", del_trailing_separator, 1);
+
+    rb_provide("pathname.so");
+}
+
+void
+init_ids(void)
+{
+#undef rb_intern
+    id_at_path = rb_intern("@path");
+    id_sub = rb_intern("sub");
+}
diff --git a/pathname_builtin.rb b/pathname_builtin.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11ade220f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathname_builtin.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1895 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+#
+# A \Pathname object contains a string directory path or filepath;
+# it does not represent a corresponding actual file or directory
+# -- which in fact may or may not exist.
+#
+# A \Pathname object is immutable (except for method #freeze).
+#
+# A pathname may be relative or absolute:
+#
+#   Pathname.new('lib')            # => #<Pathname:lib>
+#   Pathname.new('/usr/local/bin') # => #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin>
+#
+# == About the Examples
+#
+# Many examples here use these variables:
+#
+#  :include: doc/examples/files.rdoc
+#
+# == Convenience Methods
+#
+# The class provides *all* functionality from class File and module FileTest,
+# along with some functionality from class Dir and module FileUtils.
+#
+# Here's an example string path and corresponding \Pathname object:
+#
+#   path = 'lib/fileutils.rb'
+#   pn = Pathname.new(path) # => #<Pathname:lib/fileutils.rb>
+#
+# Each of these method pairs (\Pathname vs. \File) gives exactly the same result:
+#
+#   pn.size               # => 83777
+#   File.size(path)       # => 83777
+#
+#   pn.directory?         # => false
+#   File.directory?(path) # => false
+#
+#   pn.read.size          # => 81074
+#   File.read(path).size# # => 81074
+#
+# Each of these method pairs gives similar results,
+# but each \Pathname method returns a more versatile \Pathname object,
+# instead of a string:
+#
+#   pn.dirname          # => #<Pathname:lib>
+#   File.dirname(path)  # => "lib"
+#
+#   pn.basename         # => #<Pathname:fileutils.rb>
+#   File.basename(path) # => "fileutils.rb"
+#
+#   pn.split            # => [#<Pathname:lib>, #<Pathname:fileutils.rb>]
+#   File.split(path)    # => ["lib", "fileutils.rb"]
+#
+# Each of these methods takes a block:
+#
+#   pn.open do |file|
+#     p file
+#   end
+#   File.open(path) do |file|
+#     p file
+#   end
+#
+# The outputs for each:
+#
+#   #<File:lib/fileutils.rb (closed)>
+#   #<File:lib/fileutils.rb (closed)>
+#
+# Each of these methods takes a block:
+#
+#   pn.each_line do |line|
+#     p line
+#     break
+#   end
+#   File.foreach(path) do |line|
+#     p line
+#     break
+#   end
+#
+# The outputs for each:
+#
+#   "# frozen_string_literal: true\n"
+#   "# frozen_string_literal: true\n"
+#
+# == More Methods
+#
+# Here is a sampling of other available methods:
+#
+#   p1 = Pathname.new('/usr/lib')  # => #<Pathname:/usr/lib>
+#   p1.absolute?                   # => true
+#   p2 = p1 + 'ruby/4.0'           # => #<Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/4.0>
+#   p3 = p1.parent                 # => #<Pathname:/usr>
+#   p4 = p2.relative_path_from(p3) # => #<Pathname:lib/ruby/4.0>
+#   p4.absolute?                   # => false
+#   p5 = Pathname.new('.')         # => #<Pathname:.>
+#   p6 = p5 + 'usr/../var'         # => #<Pathname:usr/../var>
+#   p6.cleanpath                   # => #<Pathname:var>
+#   p6.realpath                    # => #<Pathname:/var>
+#   p6.children.take(2)
+#   # => [#<Pathname:usr/../var/local>, #<Pathname:usr/../var/spool>]
+#
+# == Breakdown of functionality
+#
+# === Core methods
+#
+# These methods are effectively manipulating a String, because that's
+# all a path is.  None of these access the file system except for
+# #mountpoint?, #children, #each_child, #realdirpath and #realpath.
+#
+# - +
+# - #join
+# - #parent
+# - #root?
+# - #absolute?
+# - #relative?
+# - #relative_path_from
+# - #each_filename
+# - #cleanpath
+# - #realpath
+# - #realdirpath
+# - #children
+# - #each_child
+# - #mountpoint?
+#
+# === File status predicate methods
+#
+# These methods are a facade for FileTest:
+# - #blockdev?
+# - #chardev?
+# - #directory?
+# - #executable?
+# - #executable_real?
+# - #exist?
+# - #file?
+# - #grpowned?
+# - #owned?
+# - #pipe?
+# - #readable?
+# - #world_readable?
+# - #readable_real?
+# - #setgid?
+# - #setuid?
+# - #size
+# - #size?
+# - #socket?
+# - #sticky?
+# - #symlink?
+# - #writable?
+# - #world_writable?
+# - #writable_real?
+# - #zero?
+#
+# === File property and manipulation methods
+#
+# These methods are a facade for File:
+# - #each_line(*args, &block)
+# - #read(*args)
+# - #binread(*args)
+# - #readlines(*args)
+# - #sysopen(*args)
+# - #write(*args)
+# - #binwrite(*args)
+# - #atime
+# - #birthtime
+# - #ctime
+# - #mtime
+# - #chmod(mode)
+# - #lchmod(mode)
+# - #chown(owner, group)
+# - #lchown(owner, group)
+# - #fnmatch(pattern, *args)
+# - #fnmatch?(pattern, *args)
+# - #ftype
+# - #make_link(old)
+# - #open(*args, &block)
+# - #readlink
+# - #rename(to)
+# - #stat
+# - #lstat
+# - #make_symlink(old)
+# - #truncate(length)
+# - #utime(atime, mtime)
+# - #lutime(atime, mtime)
+# - #basename(*args)
+# - #dirname
+# - #extname
+# - #expand_path(*args)
+# - #split
+#
+# === Directory methods
+#
+# These methods are a facade for Dir:
+# - Pathname.glob(*args)
+# - Pathname.getwd / Pathname.pwd
+# - #rmdir
+# - #entries
+# - #each_entry(&block)
+# - #mkdir(*args)
+# - #opendir(*args)
+#
+# === Utilities
+#
+# These methods are a mixture of Find, FileUtils, and others:
+# - #find(&block)
+# - #mkpath
+# - #rmtree
+# - #unlink / #delete
+#
+#
+# == Method documentation
+#
+# As the above section shows, most of the methods in Pathname are facades.  The
+# documentation for these methods generally just says, for instance, "See
+# FileTest.writable?", as you should be familiar with the original method
+# anyway, and its documentation (e.g. through +ri+) will contain more
+# information.  In some cases, a brief description will follow.
+#
+class Pathname
+
+  # The version string.
+  VERSION = "0.4.0"
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+
+  attr_reader :path
+  protected :path
+
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   Pathname.new(path) -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new \Pathname object based on the given +path+,
+  # via <tt>File.path(path).dup</tt>.
+  # the +path+ may be a String, a File, a Dir, or another \Pathname;
+  # see File.path:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('.')               # => #<Pathname:.>
+  #   Pathname.new('/usr/bin')        # => #<Pathname:/usr/bin>
+  #   Pathname.new(File.new('LEGAL')) # => #<Pathname:LEGAL>
+  #   Pathname.new(Dir.new('.'))      # => #<Pathname:.>
+  #   Pathname.new(Pathname.new('.')) # => #<Pathname:.>
+  #
+  def initialize(path)
+    @path = File.path(path).dup
+  rescue TypeError => e
+    raise e.class, "Pathname.new requires a String, #to_path or #to_str", cause: nil
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Freze self.
+  #
+  def freeze
+    super
+    @path.freeze
+    self
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   self == other -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the stored paths in +self+ and +other+ are equal:
+  #
+  #   pn = Pathname('lib')
+  #   pn == Pathname('lib')   # => true
+  #   pn == Pathname('./lib') # => false
+  #
+  # Returns +false+ if +other+ is not a pathname:
+  #
+  #   pn == 'lib'             # => false
+  #
+  def ==(other)
+    return false unless Pathname === other
+    other.path == @path
+  end
+  alias === ==
+  alias eql? ==
+
+  def hash # :nodoc:
+    @path.hash
+  end
+
+  # Return the path as a String.
+  def to_s
+    @path.dup
+  end
+
+  # to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.
+  alias to_path to_s
+
+  def inspect # :nodoc:
+    "#<#{self.class}:#{@path}>"
+  end
+
+  # Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don't yet
+  # exist.
+  #
+  # See FileUtils.mkpath and FileUtils.mkdir_p
+  def mkpath(mode: nil)
+    path = @path == '/' ? @path : @path.chomp('/')
+
+    stack = []
+    until File.directory?(path) || (parent = File.dirname(path)) == path
+      stack.push path
+      path = parent
+    end
+
+    stack.reverse_each do |dir|
+      dir = dir == '/' ? dir : dir.chomp('/')
+      if mode
+        Dir.mkdir dir, mode
+        File.chmod mode, dir
+      else
+        Dir.mkdir dir
+      end
+    rescue SystemCallError
+      raise unless File.directory?(dir)
+    end
+
+    self
+  end
+
+  def prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) # :nodoc:
+    if relpath.empty?
+      File.dirname(prefix)
+    elsif has_separator?(prefix)
+      add_trailing_separator(File.dirname(prefix)) + relpath
+    else
+      prefix + relpath
+    end
+  end
+  private :prepend_prefix
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   cleanpath(symlinks = false) -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new \Pathname object, "cleaned" of unnecessary separators,
+  # single-dot entries, and double-dot entries.
+  #
+  # When `self` is empty, returns a pathname with a single-dot entry:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # <b>Separators</b>
+  #
+  # A lone separator is preserved:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('/').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:/>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Multiple trailing separators are removed:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('foo/////').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:foo>
+  # Pathname('foo/').cleanpath     # => #<Pathname:foo>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Multiple embedded separators are reduced to a single separator:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('foo///bar').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Multiple leading separators are reduced:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # # On Windows, where File.dirname('//') == '//'.
+  # Pathname('/////foo').cleanpath # => #<Pathname://foo>
+  # Pathname('/////').cleanpath    # => #<Pathname://>
+  # # Otherwise, where File.dirname('//') == '/'.
+  # Pathname('/////foo').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:/foo>
+  # Pathname('/////').cleanpath    # => #<Pathname:/>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # <b>Single-Dot Entries</b>
+  #
+  # A lone single-dot entry is preserved:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('.').cleanpath  # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # A non-lone single-dot entry, regardless of its location, is removed:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('foo/././././bar').cleanpath  # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  # Pathname('./foo/./././bar').cleanpath  # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  # Pathname('foo/./././bar/./').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # <b>Double-Dot Entries</b>
+  #
+  # A lone double-dot entry is preserved:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('..').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:..>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # When a non-lone double-dot entry is preceded by a named entry, both are removed:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('foo/..').cleanpath          # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # Pathname('foo/../bar').cleanpath      # => #<Pathname:bar>
+  # Pathname('foo/../bar/..').cleanpath   # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # Pathname('foo/bar/./../..').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # When a non-lone double-dot entry is _not_ preceded by a named entry,
+  # it is preserved:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('../..').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:../..>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # A non-lone meaningless double-dot entry is removed:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('/..').cleanpath    # => #<Pathname:/>
+  # Pathname('/../..').cleanpath # => #<Pathname:/>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # <b> Symbolic Links</b>
+  #
+  # If the path may contain [symbolic links][symbolic link],
+  # consider give optional argument `symlinks` as `true`;
+  # the method then uses a more conservative algorithm
+  # that avoids breaking symbolic links.
+  # This may preserve more double-dot entries than are absolutely necessary,
+  # but without accessing the filesystem, this can't be avoided.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Pathname('a/').cleanpath           # => #<Pathname:a>
+  # Pathname('a/').cleanpath(true)     # => #<Pathname:a/>
+  #
+  # Pathname('a/.').cleanpath          # => #<Pathname:a>
+  # Pathname('a/.').cleanpath(true)    # => #<Pathname:a/.>
+  #
+  # Pathname('a/./').cleanpath         # => #<Pathname:a>
+  # Pathname('a/./').cleanpath(true)   # => #<Pathname:a/.>
+  #
+  # Pathname('a/b/.').cleanpath        # => #<Pathname:a/b>
+  # Pathname('a/b/.').cleanpath(true)  # => #<Pathname:a/b/.>
+  #
+  # Pathname('a/../.').cleanpath       # => #<Pathname:.>
+  # Pathname('a/../.').cleanpath(true) # => #<Pathname:a/..>
+  #
+  # Pathname('a/b/../../../../c/../d').cleanpath
+  # # => #<Pathname:../../d>
+  # Pathname('a/b/../../../../c/../d').cleanpath(true)
+  # # => #<Pathname:a/b/../../../../c/../d>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # [symbolic link]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link
+  #
+  def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false)
+    if consider_symlink
+      cleanpath_conservative
+    else
+      cleanpath_aggressive
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Clean the path simply by resolving and removing excess +.+ and +..+ entries.
+  # Nothing more, nothing less.
+  #
+  def cleanpath_aggressive # :nodoc:
+    path = @path
+    names = []
+    pre = path
+    while r = chop_basename(pre)
+      pre, base = r
+      case base
+      when '.'
+      when '..'
+        names.unshift base
+      else
+        if names[0] == '..'
+          names.shift
+        else
+          names.unshift base
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
+    if has_separator?(File.basename(pre))
+      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
+    end
+    self.class.new(prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names)))
+  end
+  private :cleanpath_aggressive
+
+  def cleanpath_conservative # :nodoc:
+    path = @path
+    names = []
+    pre = path
+    while r = chop_basename(pre)
+      pre, base = r
+      names.unshift base if base != '.'
+    end
+    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
+    if has_separator?(File.basename(pre))
+      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
+    end
+    if names.empty?
+      self.class.new(File.dirname(pre))
+    else
+      if names.last != '..' && File.basename(path) == '.'
+        names << '.'
+      end
+      result = prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names))
+      if /\A(?:\.|\.\.)\z/ !~ names.last && has_trailing_separator?(path)
+        self.class.new(add_trailing_separator(result))
+      else
+        self.class.new(result)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private :cleanpath_conservative
+
+  # Returns the parent directory.
+  #
+  # This is same as <code>self + '..'</code>.
+  def parent
+    self + '..'
+  end
+
+  # Returns +true+ if +self+ points to a mountpoint.
+  def mountpoint?
+    begin
+      stat1 = self.lstat
+      stat2 = self.parent.lstat
+      stat1.dev != stat2.dev || stat1.ino == stat2.ino
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  # The opposite of Pathname#absolute?
+  #
+  # It returns +false+ if the pathname begins with a slash.
+  #
+  #   p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
+  #   p.relative?
+  #       #=> false
+  #
+  #   p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
+  #   p.relative?
+  #       #=> true
+  def relative?
+    !absolute?
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   each_filename {|component| ... } -> nil
+  #   each_filename -> new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given, yields each component of the string path:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('/foo/bar/baz').each_filename {|filename| p filename }
+  # => nil
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  # ```text
+  # "foo"
+  # "bar"
+  # "baz"
+  # ```
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def each_filename # :yield: filename
+    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
+    _, names = split_names(@path)
+    names.each {|filename| yield filename }
+    nil
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   descend {|entry| ... } -> nil
+  #   descend -> new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given, yields a new pathname for each successive dirname
+  # in the stored path; see File.dirname:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # # Absolute path.
+  # Pathname('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|pn| p pn }
+  # # #<Pathname:/>
+  # # #<Pathname:/path>
+  # # #<Pathname:/path/to>
+  # # #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
+  # # #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
+  # # Relative path.
+  # Pathname('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|pn| p pn }
+  # # #<Pathname:path>
+  # # #<Pathname:path/to>
+  # # #<Pathname:path/to/some>
+  # # #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def descend
+    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
+    vs = []
+    ascend {|v| vs << v }
+    vs.reverse_each {|v| yield v }
+    nil
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   ascend {|entry| ... } -> nil
+  #   ascend -> new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given,
+  # yields +self+, then a new pathname for each successive dirname in the stored path;
+  # see File.dirname:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|dirname| p dirname}
+  #   #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
+  #   #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
+  #   #<Pathname:/path/to>
+  #   #<Pathname:/path>
+  #   #<Pathname:/>
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def ascend
+    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
+    path = @path
+    yield self
+    while r = chop_basename(path)
+      path, = r
+      break if path.empty?
+      yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path))
+    end
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   self + other -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new \Pathname object based on the content of +self+ and +other+;
+  # argument +other+ may be a String, a File, a Dir, or another \Pathname:
+  #
+  #   pn = Pathname('foo')     # => #<Pathname:foo>
+  #   pn + 'bar'               # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  #   pn + File.new('LEGAL')   # => #<Pathname:foo/LEGAL>
+  #   pn + Dir.new('lib')      # => #<Pathname:foo/lib>
+  #   pn + Pathname('bar')     # => #<Pathname:foo/bar>
+  #
+  # When +other+ specifies a relative path (see #relative?),
+  # it is combined with +self+ to form a new pathname:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/a/b') + 'c' # => #<Pathname:/a/b/c>
+  #
+  # Extra component separators (<tt>'/'</tt>) are removed:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/a/b/') + 'c' # => #<Pathname:/a/b/c>
+  #
+  # Extra current-directory components (<tt>'.'</tt>) are removed:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('a') + '.' # => #<Pathname:a>
+  #   Pathname('.') + 'a' # => #<Pathname:a>
+  #   Pathname('.') + '.' # => #<Pathname:.>
+  #
+  # Parent-directory components (<tt>'..'</tt>) are:
+  #
+  # - Resolved, when possible:
+  #
+  #     Pathname('a')      + '..'      # => #<Pathname:.>
+  #     Pathname('a/b')    + '..'      # => #<Pathname:a>
+  #     Pathname('/')      + '../a'    # => #<Pathname:/a>
+  #     Pathname('a')      + '../b'    # => #<Pathname:b>
+  #     Pathname('a/b')    + '../c'    # => #<Pathname:a/c>
+  #     Pathname('a//b/c') + '../d//e' # => #<Pathname:a//b/d//e>
+  #
+  # - Removed, when not needed:
+  #
+  #     Pathname('/') + '..' # => #<Pathname:/>
+  #
+  # - Retained, when needed:
+  #
+  #     Pathname('..') + '..'   # => #<Pathname:../..>
+  #     Pathname('..') + '../a' # => #<Pathname:../../a>
+  #
+  # When +other+ specifies an absolute path (see #absolute?),
+  # equivalent to <tt>Pathname(other.to_s)</tt>:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/a') + '/b/c' # => #<Pathname:/b/c>
+  #
+  # Occurrences of <tt>'/'</tt>, <tt>'.'</tt>, and <tt>'..'</tt> are preserved:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/a') + '//b//c/./../d' # => #<Pathname://b//c/./../d>
+  #
+  # This method does not access the file system, so +other+ need not represent
+  # an existing (or even a valid) file or directory path:
+  #
+  #   Pathname('/var') + 'nosuch:ever' # => #<Pathname:/var/nosuch:ever>
+  #
+  def +(other)
+    other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other
+    Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.path))
+  end
+  alias / +
+
+  # (path1, path2) -> path
+  def plus(path1, path2) # :nodoc:
+    prefix2 = path2
+    index_list2 = []
+    basename_list2 = []
+    while r2 = chop_basename(prefix2)
+      prefix2, basename2 = r2
+      index_list2.unshift prefix2.length
+      basename_list2.unshift basename2
+    end
+    return path2 if prefix2 != ''
+    prefix1 = path1
+    while true
+      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '.'
+        index_list2.shift
+        basename_list2.shift
+      end
+      break unless r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
+      prefix1, basename1 = r1
+      next if basename1 == '.'
+      if basename1 == '..' || basename_list2.empty? || basename_list2.first != '..'
+        prefix1 = prefix1 + basename1
+        break
+      end
+      index_list2.shift
+      basename_list2.shift
+    end
+    r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
+    if !r1 && (r1 = has_separator?(File.basename(prefix1)))
+      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '..'
+        index_list2.shift
+        basename_list2.shift
+      end
+    end
+    if !basename_list2.empty?
+      suffix2 = path2[index_list2.first..-1]
+      r1 ? File.join(prefix1, suffix2) : prefix1 + suffix2
+    else
+      r1 ? prefix1 : File.dirname(prefix1)
+    end
+  end
+  private :plus
+
+  #
+  # Joins the given pathnames onto +self+ to create a new Pathname object.
+  # This is effectively the same as using Pathname#+ to append +self+ and
+  # all arguments sequentially.
+  #
+  #   path0 = Pathname.new("/usr")                # Pathname:/usr
+  #   path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby")              # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
+  #       # is the same as
+  #   path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby"   # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
+  #   path0 == path1
+  #       #=> true
+  #
+  def join(*args)
+    return self if args.empty?
+    result = args.pop
+    result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result
+    return result if result.absolute?
+    args.reverse_each {|arg|
+      arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg
+      result = arg + result
+      return result if result.absolute?
+    }
+    self + result
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   children(with_dirnames = true) -> array_of_pathnames
+  #
+  # Returns an array of pathnames;
+  # each represents a child of the entry represented by `self`,
+  # which must be an existing directory in the underlying file system.
+  #
+  # With `with_dirnames` given as `true` (the default),
+  # each pathname contains the full entry:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('lib').children.size # => 72
+  # Pathname('lib').children.take(3)
+  # # => [#<Pathname:lib/bundled_gems.rb>, #<Pathname:lib/bundler>, #<Pathname:lib/bundler.rb>]
+  # ```
+  # With `with_dirnames` given as `false`,
+  # each pathname contains only the basename of the entry:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('lib').children(false).take(3)
+  # # => [#<Pathname:bundled_gems.rb>, #<Pathname:bundler>, #<Pathname:bundler.rb>]
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Note that entries `.` and `..` in directory are not actually children,
+  # and so are never included in the result.
+  def children(with_directory=true)
+    with_directory = false if @path == '.'
+    result = Dir.children(@path)
+    if with_directory
+      result.map! {|e| self.class.new(File.join(@path, e))}
+    else
+      result.map! {|e| self.class.new(e)}
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   each_child(with_dirnames = true) {|entry| ... } -> array_of_pathnames
+  #   each_child(with_dirnames = true) -> new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given and `with_dirnames` given as `true` (the default),
+  # yields a new pathname for each child
+  # of the entry represented by `self`;
+  # returns an array of those pathnames:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('include').each_child {|child| p child }
+  # # #<Pathname:include/ruby>
+  # # #<Pathname:include/ruby.h>
+  # # => [#<Pathname:include/ruby>, #<Pathname:include/ruby.h>]
+  # ```
+  #
+  # With a block given and `with_dirnames` given as `false`,
+  # yields a new pathname for each child
+  # of the entry represented by `self` with its dirname omitted;
+  # returns an array of those pathnames:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('include').each_child(false) {|child| p child }
+  # # #<Pathname:ruby>
+  # # #<Pathname:ruby.h>
+  # # => [#<Pathname:ruby>, #<Pathname:ruby.h>]
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Note that entries `'.'` and `'..'` are not children.
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def each_child(with_directory=true, &b)
+    children(with_directory).each(&b)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns a relative path from the given +base_directory+ to the receiver.
+  #
+  # If +self+ is absolute, then +base_directory+ must be absolute too.
+  #
+  # If +self+ is relative, then +base_directory+ must be relative too.
+  #
+  # This method doesn't access the filesystem.  It assumes no symlinks.
+  #
+  # ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path.
+  #
+  # Note that this method does not handle situations where the case sensitivity
+  # of the filesystem in use differs from the operating system default.
+  #
+  def relative_path_from(base_directory)
+    base_directory = Pathname.new(base_directory) unless base_directory.is_a? Pathname
+    dest_directory = self.cleanpath.path
+    base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.path
+    dest_prefix = dest_directory
+    dest_names = []
+    while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix)
+      dest_prefix, basename = r
+      dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
+    end
+    base_prefix = base_directory
+    base_names = []
+    while r = chop_basename(base_prefix)
+      base_prefix, basename = r
+      base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
+    end
+    unless same_paths?(dest_prefix, base_prefix)
+      raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}"
+    end
+    while !dest_names.empty? &&
+          !base_names.empty? &&
+          same_paths?(dest_names.first, base_names.first)
+      dest_names.shift
+      base_names.shift
+    end
+    if base_names.include? '..'
+      raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}"
+    end
+    base_names.fill('..')
+    relpath_names = base_names + dest_names
+    if relpath_names.empty?
+      Pathname.new('.')
+    else
+      Pathname.new(File.join(*relpath_names))
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Pathname    # * File *
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   each_line(sep = $/, **opts) {|line| ... } → nil
+  #   each_line(limit, **opts) {|line| ... } → nil
+  #   each_line(sep, limit, **opts) {|line| ... } → nil
+  #   each_line(...) → new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given, calls the block with each line
+  # from the file represented by `self`;
+  # returns `nil`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # lines = []
+  # Pathname('COPYING').each_line {|line| lines << line }
+  # lines.take(3)
+  # # =>
+  # # ["{日本語}[rdoc-ref:COPYING.ja]\n",
+  # #  "\n",
+  # #  "Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.\n"]
+  # ```
+  #
+  # The lines are read using IO.foreach,
+  # all arguments and options are passed to that method;
+  # see details at IO.foreach.
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def each_line(...) # :yield: line
+    File.foreach(@path, ...)
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   read(length = nil, offset = 0, **opts) -> string or nil
+  #
+  # Reads and returns some or all of the content of the file
+  # whose path is <tt>self.to_s</tt>.
+  #
+  # With no arguments given,
+  # reads in text mode and returns the entire content of the file:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('t.txt').read
+  #   # => "First line\nSecond line\n\nFourth line\nFifth line\n"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.ja').read
+  #   # => "こんにちは"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.dat').read
+  #   # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
+  #
+  # On Windows, text mode can terminate reading and leave bytes in the file unread
+  # when encountering certain special bytes.
+  # Consider using #binread if all bytes in the file should be read.
+  #
+  # With argument +length+ given, returns +length+ bytes if available:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('t.txt').read(7)
+  #   # => "First l"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.ja').read(7)
+  #   # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.dat').read(7)
+  #   # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99"
+  #
+  # Returns all bytes if +length+ is larger than the files size:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('t.txt').read(700)
+  #   # => "First line\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nFourth line\r\nFifth line\r\n"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.ja').read(700)
+  #   # => "\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1\xE3\x81\xAF"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.dat').read(700)
+  #   # => "\xFE\xFF\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
+  #
+  # With arguments +length+ and +offset+ given,
+  # returns +length+ bytes if available, beginning at the given +offset+:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('t.txt').read(10, 2)
+  #   # => "rst line\r\n"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.ja').read(10, 2)
+  #   # => "\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1"
+  #   Pathname.new('t.dat').read(10, 2)
+  #   # => "\x99\x90\x99\x91\x99\x92\x99\x93\x99\x94"
+  #
+  # Returns +nil+ if +offset+ is past the end of the file:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('t.txt').read(10, 200) # => nil
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments +opts+ specify:
+  #
+  # - {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
+  # - {Encoding options}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options].
+  #
+  def read(...) File.read(@path, ...) end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   binread(length = nil, offset = 0) -> string or nil
+  #
+  # Behaves like #read, except that the file is opened in binary mode
+  # with ASCII-8BIT encoding.
+  #
+  def binread(...) File.binread(@path, ...) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.readlines</tt>.  Returns all the lines from the file.
+  def readlines(...) File.readlines(@path, ...) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.sysopen</tt>.
+  def sysopen(...) File.sysopen(@path, ...) end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   write(data, offset = 0, **opts) -> nonnegative_integer
+  #
+  # Opens the file at +self.to_s+, writes the given +data+ to it,
+  # and closes the file; returns the number of bytes written.
+  #
+  # With only argument +data+ given, writes the given data to the file:
+  #
+  #   path = 't.tmp'
+  #   pn = Pathname.new(path)
+  #   pn.write('foo') # => 3
+  #   File.read(path) # => "foo"
+  #
+  # If +offset+ is zero (the default), the file is overwritten:
+  #
+  #   pn.write('bar')
+  #   File.read(path) # => "bar"
+  #
+  # If +offset+ in within the file content, the file is partly overwritten:
+  #
+  #   pn.write('foobarbaz')
+  #   pn.write('BAR', 3)
+  #   File.read(path) # => "fooBARbaz"
+  #
+  # If +offset+ is outside the file content,
+  # the file is padded with null characters <tt>"\u0000"</tt>:
+  #
+  #   pn.write('bat', 12)
+  #   File.read(path) # => "fooBARbaz\u0000\u0000\u0000bat"
+  #
+  # Optional keyword arguments +opts+ specify:
+  #
+  # - {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options].
+  # - {Encoding options}[rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc@Encoding+Options].
+  #
+  def write(...) File.write(@path, ...) end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   binwrite(string, offset = 0, **opts) -> nonnegative_integer
+  #
+  # Behaves like #write, except that the file is opened in binary mode
+  # with ASCII-8BIT encoding.
+  def binwrite(...) File.binwrite(@path, ...) end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   atime -> new_time
+  #
+  # Returns a new Time object containing the time of the most recent
+  # access (read or write) to the entry represented by `self`;
+  # see {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md]:
+  #
+  #   # Work in a temporary directory.
+  #   require 'tmpdir'
+  #   Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdirpath|
+  #     # A subdirectory therein, and its Pathname.
+  #     dirpath = File.join(tmpdirpath, 'subdir')
+  #     Dir.mkdir(dirpath)
+  #     dir_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #     puts "Create directory; establishes atime for directory."
+  #     puts "  Directory atime: #{dir_pn.atime}"
+  #     sleep(1)
+  #
+  #     # A file in the subdirectory, and its Pathname.
+  #     filepath = File.join(dirpath, 't.txt')
+  #     puts "Create file; establishes atime for file, updates atime for directory."
+  #     File.write(filepath, 'foo')
+  #     file_pn = Pathname(filepath)
+  #     puts "  File atime:      #{file_pn.atime}"
+  #     puts "  Directory atime: #{dir_pn.atime}"
+  #     sleep(1)
+  #     puts "Write file; updates atimes for file and directory."
+  #     File.write(filepath, 'bar')
+  #     puts "  File atime:      #{file_pn.atime}"
+  #     puts "  Directory atime: #{dir_pn.atime}"
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  #   Create directory; establishes atime for directory.
+  #     Directory atime: 2026-05-14 14:36:43 +0100
+  #   Create file; establishes atime for file, updates atime for directory.
+  #     File atime:      2026-05-14 14:36:44 +0100
+  #     Directory atime: 2026-05-14 14:36:44 +0100
+  #   Write file; updates atimes for file and directory.
+  #     File atime:      2026-05-14 14:36:45 +0100
+  #     Directory atime: 2026-05-14 14:36:45 +0100
+  #
+  def atime() File.atime(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   birthtime -> new_time
+  #
+  # Returns a new Time object containing the create time of the entry
+  # represented by `self`;
+  # see [File System Timestamps](rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md):
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # # Work in a temporary directory.
+  # Pathname.mktmpdir do |tmpdirpath|
+  #   # A subdirectory therein, and its Pathname.
+  #   dirpath = File.join(tmpdirpath, 'subdir')
+  #   dir_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #   puts "Create directory; directory birthtime established."
+  #   dir_pn.mkdir
+  #   puts "  Directory birthtime: #{dir_pn.birthtime}"
+  #   sleep(1)
+  #
+  #   # A file in the subdirectory, and its Pathname.
+  #   filepath = File.join(dirpath, 't.txt')
+  #   file_pn = Pathname(filepath)
+  #   puts "Create file; file birthtime established; directory birthtime not updated."
+  #   file_pn.write('foo')
+  #   puts "  File birthtime:      #{file_pn.birthtime}"
+  #   puts "  Directory birthtime: #{dir_pn.birthtime}"
+  #   sleep(1)
+  #   puts "Write file; neither birthtime updated."
+  #   file_pn.write('bar')
+  #   puts "  File birthtime:      #{file_pn.birthtime}"
+  #   puts "  Directory birthtime: #{dir_pn.birthtime}"
+  # end
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  # ```text
+  # Create directory; directory birthtime established.
+  #   Directory birthtime: 2026-05-14 23:41:12 +0100
+  # Create file; file birthtime established; directory birthtime not updated.
+  #   File birthtime:      2026-05-14 23:41:13 +0100
+  #   Directory birthtime: 2026-05-14 23:41:12 +0100
+  # Write file; neither birthtime updated.
+  #   File birthtime:      2026-05-14 23:41:13 +0100
+  #   Directory birthtime: 2026-05-14 23:41:12 +0100
+  # ```
+  #
+  def birthtime() File.birthtime(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   ctime -> new_time
+  #
+  # On Windows, returns the #birthtime.
+  #
+  # On other systems,
+  # returns a new Time object containing the time of the most recent
+  # metadata change to the entry represented by `self`;
+  # see {File System Timestamps}[rdoc-ref:file/timestamps.md]:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # # Work in a temporary directory.
+  # Pathname.mktmpdir do |tmpdirpath|
+  #   # A subdirectory therein, and its Pathname.
+  #   dirpath = File.join(tmpdirpath, 'subdir')
+  #   dir_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #   puts "Create directory; directory ctime established."
+  #   dir_pn.mkdir
+  #   puts "  Directory ctime: #{dir_pn.ctime}"
+  #   sleep(1)
+  #
+  #   # A file in the subdirectory, and its Pathname.
+  #   filepath = File.join(dirpath, 't.txt')
+  #   file_pn = Pathname(filepath)
+  #   puts "Create file; file ctime established; directory ctime updated."
+  #   file_pn.write('foo')
+  #   puts "  File ctime:      #{file_pn.ctime}"
+  #   puts "  Directory ctime: #{dir_pn.ctime}"
+  #   sleep(1)
+  #   puts "Write file; file ctime updated; directory ctime not updated."
+  #   file_pn.write('bar')
+  #   puts "  File ctime:      #{file_pn.ctime}"
+  #   puts "  Directory ctime: #{dir_pn.ctime}"
+  #   sleep(1)
+  #   puts "Read file; neither ctime not updated."
+  #   file_pn.read
+  #   puts "  File ctime:      #{file_pn.ctime}"
+  #   puts "  Directory ctime: #{dir_pn.ctime}"
+  # end
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  # ```text
+  # Create directory; directory ctime established.
+  #   Directory ctime: 2026-05-20 14:05:05 -0500
+  # Create file; file ctime established; directory ctime updated.
+  #   File ctime:      2026-05-20 14:05:06 -0500
+  #   Directory ctime: 2026-05-20 14:05:06 -0500
+  # Write file; file ctime updated; directory ctime not updated.
+  #   File ctime:      2026-05-20 14:05:07 -0500
+  #   Directory ctime: 2026-05-20 14:05:06 -0500
+  # Read file; neither ctime not updated.
+  #   File ctime:      2026-05-20 14:05:07 -0500
+  #   Directory ctime: 2026-05-20 14:05:06 -0500
+  # ```
+  #
+  def ctime() File.ctime(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.mtime</tt>.  Returns last modification time.
+  def mtime() File.mtime(@path) end
+
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   chmod(mode) -> 1
+  #
+  # Changes the mode (i.e., permissions) of the entry represented by `self`;
+  # see {File Permissions}[rdoc-ref:File@File+Permissions];
+  # returns `1`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # # A helper method to make an integer mode display as octal.
+  # def pretty(mode); '0' + (mode & 0777).to_s(8); end
+  #
+  # # Work in a temporary directory.
+  # Pathname.mktmpdir do |tmpdirpath|
+  #   # A subdirectory therein, and its Pathname.
+  #   dirpath = File.join(tmpdirpath, 'subdir')
+  #   dir_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #   dir_pn.mkdir
+  #   # The directory mode.
+  #   puts "Original directory mode: #{pretty(dir_pn.stat.mode)}"
+  #   # Change the directory mode.
+  #   dir_pn.chmod(0777)
+  #   puts "New directory mode:      #{pretty(dir_pn.stat.mode)}"
+  #
+  #   # A file in the subdirectory, and its Pathname.
+  #   filepath = File.join(dirpath, 't.txt')
+  #   file_pn = Pathname(filepath)
+  #   # Create the file.
+  #   file_pn.write('foo')
+  #   # The file mode.
+  #   puts "Original file mode:      #{pretty(file_pn.stat.mode)}"
+  #   # Change the file modes.
+  #   file_pn.chmod(0777)
+  #   puts "New file mode:           #{pretty(file_pn.stat.mode)}"
+  # end
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  # ```text
+  # Original directory mode: 0775
+  # New directory mode:      0777
+  # Original file mode:      0664
+  # New file mode:           0777
+  # ```
+  #
+  def chmod(mode) File.chmod(mode, @path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.lchmod</tt>.
+  def lchmod(mode) File.lchmod(mode, @path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   chown(owner_id, group_id) -> 0
+  #
+  # Changes the owner and group of an entry (directory or file):
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # # Work in a temporary directory.
+  # Pathname.mktmpdir do |tmpdirpath|
+  #   # A subdirectory therein, and its Pathname.
+  #   dirpath = File.join(tmpdirpath, 'subdir')
+  #   dir_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #   dir_pn.mkdir
+  #   dir_stat = File.stat(dirpath)
+  #   puts "Original directory owner: #{dir_stat.uid}"
+  #   puts "Original directory group: #{dir_stat.gid}"
+  #   dir_pn.chown(1000, 1000)
+  #   dir_stat = File.stat(dirpath)
+  #   puts "New directory owner:      #{dir_stat.uid}"
+  #   puts "New directory group:      #{dir_stat.gid}"
+  #
+  #   # A file in the subdirectory, and its Pathname.
+  #   filepath = File.join(dirpath, 't.txt')
+  #   file_pn = Pathname(filepath)
+  #   # Create the file.
+  #   file_pn.write('foo')
+  #   file_stat = File.stat(filepath)
+  #   puts "Original file owner:      #{file_stat.uid}"
+  #   puts "Original file group:      #{file_stat.gid}"
+  #   file_pn = Pathname(dirpath)
+  #   file_pn.chown(1000, 1000)
+  #   file_stat = File.stat(dirpath)
+  #   puts "New file owner:           #{file_stat.uid}"
+  #   puts "New file group:           #{file_stat.gid}"
+  # end
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Output:
+  #
+  # ```text
+  # Original directory owner: 0
+  # Original directory group: 0
+  # New directory owner:      1000
+  # New directory group:      1000
+  # Original file owner:      0
+  # Original file group:      0
+  # New file owner:           1000
+  # New file group:           1000
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Notes:
+  #
+  # - On Windows, the owner and group are not changed.
+  # - Only a process with superuser privileges can change the owner of an entry.
+  # - The owner of an entry can change its group to any group
+  #   to which the owner belongs.
+  # - A +nil+ or +-1+ owner or group id is ignored.
+  # - The method follows symbolic links to the target entry.
+  #
+  def chown(owner, group) File.chown(owner, group, @path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.lchown</tt>.
+  def lchown(owner, group) File.lchown(owner, group, @path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.fnmatch</tt>.  Return +true+ if the receiver matches the given
+  # pattern.
+  def fnmatch(pattern, ...) File.fnmatch(pattern, @path, ...) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.fnmatch?</tt> (same as #fnmatch).
+  def fnmatch?(pattern, ...) File.fnmatch?(pattern, @path, ...) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.ftype</tt>.  Returns "type" of file ("file", "directory",
+  # etc).
+  def ftype() File.ftype(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.link</tt>.  Creates a hard link.
+  def make_link(old) File.link(old, @path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.open</tt>.  Opens the file for reading or writing.
+  def open(...) # :yield: file
+    File.open(@path, ...)
+  end
+
+  # See <tt>File.readlink</tt>.  Read symbolic link.
+  def readlink() self.class.new(File.readlink(@path)) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.rename</tt>.  Rename the file.
+  def rename(to) File.rename(@path, to) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.stat</tt>.  Returns a <tt>File::Stat</tt> object.
+  def stat() File.stat(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.lstat</tt>.
+  def lstat() File.lstat(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.symlink</tt>.  Creates a symbolic link.
+  def make_symlink(old) File.symlink(old, @path) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.truncate</tt>.  Truncate the file to +length+ bytes.
+  def truncate(length) File.truncate(@path, length) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.utime</tt>.  Update the access and modification times.
+  def utime(atime, mtime) File.utime(atime, mtime, @path) end
+
+  # Update the access and modification times of the file.
+  #
+  # Same as Pathname#utime, but does not follow symbolic links.
+  #
+  # See File.lutime.
+  def lutime(atime, mtime) File.lutime(atime, mtime, @path) end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   basename(path, suffix = '') -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new \Pathname object containing all or part of the last entry
+  # of the path represented by +self+.
+  # Entries are delimited by the value of constant File::SEPARATOR
+  # and, if non-nil, the value of constant File::ALT_SEPARATOR.
+  #
+  # When +suffix+ is the empty string <tt>''</tt>, returns all of the last entry:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar/baz/bat.txt').basename # => #<Pathname:bat.txt>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar/baz').basename         # => #<Pathname:baz>
+  #
+  #   File::SEPARATOR                              # => "/"
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt////').basename     # => #<Pathname:bar.txt>
+  #   File::ALT_SEPARATOR # => "\\"                # On Windows.
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt//\\\\//').basename # => #<Pathname:bar.txt>
+  #
+  # When +suffix+ is <tt>'.*'</tt>,
+  # the last {filename extension}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension],
+  # if any, is removed:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt').basename('.*')     # => #<Pathname:bar>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt.old').basename('.*') # => #<Pathname:bar.txt>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar').basename('.*')         # => #<Pathname:bar>
+  #
+  # When +suffix+ is any string other than <tt>''</tt> or <tt>'.*'</tt>,
+  # the matching trailing substring, if any, is removed:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt').basename('.txt') # => #<Pathname:bar>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt').basename('txt')  # => #<Pathname:bar.>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt').basename('*')    # => #<Pathname:bar.txt>
+  #   Pathname.new('foo/bar.txt').basename('.')    # => #<Pathname:bar.txt>
+  #
+  def basename(...) self.class.new(File.basename(@path, ...)) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.dirname</tt>.  Returns all but the last component of the path.
+  def dirname() self.class.new(File.dirname(@path)) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   extname -> extension
+  #
+  # Returns the filename extension of `self` --
+  # usually the portion of the string path beginning from the last period:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('t.rb').extname               # => ".rb"
+  # Pathname('foo.bar.t.rb').extname       # => ".rb"
+  # Pathname('foo/bar/t.rb').extname       # => ".rb"
+  # Pathname('nosuch.txt').extname         # => ".txt"  # Path need not exist.
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Returns the entire string when there is no period:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('foo').extname # => ""
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Returns an empty string when the only period is the first character:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('.irbrc').extname # => ""
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Returns an empty string or `'.'` when `path` ends with a period:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('foo.').extname    # => ""   # On Windows.
+  # Pathname('foo.').extname    # => "."  # Elsewhere.
+  # Pathname('foo....').extname # => ""   # On Windows.
+  # Pathname('foo....').extname # => "."  # Elsewhere.
+  # ```
+  #
+  def extname() File.extname(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   expand_path(dirpath = '.') -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new pathname containing the absolute path for `self`.
+  #
+  # Evaluates a relative path with respect to the directory given by `dirpath`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Dir.chdir('/snap')
+  # # Default dirpath.
+  # Pathname('README').expand_path                  # => #<Pathname:/snap/README>
+  # Pathname('bin').expand_path                     # => #<Pathname:/snap/bin>
+  # Pathname('bin/../var').expand_path              # => #<Pathname:/snap/var>  # Cleaned.
+  # # Other dirpath.
+  # Pathname('../zip').expand_path('/usr/bin/ruby') # => #<Pathname:/usr/bin/zip>
+  # Dir.chdir('/usr/bin')
+  # Pathname('../../snap').expand_path(__FILE__)    # => #<Pathname:/usr/snap>
+  # ```
+  #
+  # Evaluates an absolute path without respect to `dirpath`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('/snap').expand_path                       # => #<Pathname:/snap>
+  # Pathname('/snap').expand_path.expand_path('nosuch') # => #<Pathname:/snap>
+  # Pathname('/snap/../snap').expand_path               # => #<Pathname:/snap>  # Cleaned.
+  # ```
+  #
+  # More examples:
+  #
+  # ```
+  # Dir.chdir('/usr/bin')
+  # Pathname('../../snap').expand_path(__FILE__) # => #<Pathname:/usr/snap>
+  # Pathname('../../snap').expand_path           # => #<Pathname:/snap>
+  # ```
+  #
+  def expand_path(...) self.class.new(File.expand_path(@path, ...)) end
+
+  # See <tt>File.split</tt>.  Returns the #dirname and the #basename in an
+  # Array.
+  def split()
+    array = File.split(@path)
+    raise TypeError, 'wrong argument type nil (expected Array)' unless Array === array
+    array.map {|f| self.class.new(f) }
+  end
+
+  # Returns the real (absolute) pathname for +self+ in the actual filesystem.
+  #
+  # Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, +..+ and +.+.
+  #
+  # All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.
+  def realpath(...) self.class.new(File.realpath(@path, ...)) end
+
+  # Returns the real (absolute) pathname of +self+ in the actual filesystem.
+  #
+  # Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, +..+ and +.+.
+  #
+  # The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.
+  def realdirpath(...) self.class.new(File.realdirpath(@path, ...)) end
+end
+
+
+class Pathname    # * FileTest *
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   blockdev? => true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether `self` represents a path to a block device
+  # (i.e., a direct-access device):
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('/dev/nvme0n1').blockdev? # => true
+  # Pathname('/dev/loop0').blockdev?   # => true
+  # Pathname('/dev/tty').blockdev?     # => false
+  # Pathname('/dev/null').blockdev?    # => false
+  # Pathname('nosuch').blockdev?       # => false
+  # Pathname($stdin).blockdev?         # => false
+  # ```
+  #
+  # The returned value is OS-dependent; on Windows, almost always `false`.
+  def blockdev?() FileTest.blockdev?(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   chardev? => true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether `self` represents a path to  a character device
+  # (i.e., a sequential-access device):
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('/dev/tty').chardev?     # => true
+  # Pathname('/dev/null').chardev?    # => true
+  # Pathname('/dev/nvme0n1').chardev? # => false
+  # Pathname('/dev/loop0').chardev?   # => false
+  # Pathname($stdin).chardev?         # => false
+  # Pathname('nosuch').chardev?       # => false
+  # ```
+  #
+  # The returned value is OS-dependent; on Windows, almost always `false`.
+  def chardev?() FileTest.chardev?(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   empty? -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the entry represented by `self` exists and is empty:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # dir_pn = Pathname('example_dir')
+  # dir_pn.empty?  # => false  # Dir does not exist.
+  # dir_pn.mkdir
+  # dir_pn.empty?  # => true   # Dir exists and is empty.
+  #
+  # file_pn = Pathname('example_dir/example.txt')
+  # file_pn.empty? # => false  # File does not exist.
+  # file_pn.write('')
+  # file_pn.empty? # => true   # File exists and is empty.
+  # dir_pn.empty?  # => false  # Dir exists and is not empty.
+  # file_pn.write('foo')
+  # file_pn.empty? # => false  # File exists and is not empty.
+  #
+  # file_pn.delete
+  # dir_pn.delete
+  # ```
+  #
+  def empty?
+    if FileTest.directory?(@path)
+      Dir.empty?(@path)
+    else
+      File.empty?(@path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   executable? -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the entry represented by `self` is executable;
+  # calls FileTest.executable? with argument `self.to_s`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('bin/gem').executable?   # => true
+  # Pathname('README.md').executable? # => false
+  # ```
+  #
+  def executable?() FileTest.executable?(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   executable_real? -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the entry represented by `self` is executable
+  # by the real user and group id of the current process;
+  # calls FileTest.executable_real? with argument `self.to_s`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # pn = Pathname('example')
+  # pn.write('')
+  # pn.executable_real? # => false
+  # pn.chmod(0100)
+  # pn.executable_real? # => true
+  # ```
+  #
+  def executable_real?() FileTest.executable_real?(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   exist? -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the entry represented by `self` exists:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('.').exist?         # => true
+  # Pathname('README.md').exist? # => true
+  # Pathname('nosuch').exist?    # => false
+  # ```
+  #
+  def exist?() FileTest.exist?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.grpowned?</tt>.
+  def grpowned?() FileTest.grpowned?(@path) end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   directory? -> true or false
+  #
+  # Returns whether the entry represented by `self` is a directory:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('/etc').directory?      # => true
+  # Pathname('lib').directory?       # => true
+  # Pathname('README.md').directory? # => false
+  # Pathname('nosuch').directory?    # => false
+  # ```
+  #
+  def directory?() FileTest.directory?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.file?</tt>.
+  def file?() FileTest.file?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.pipe?</tt>.
+  def pipe?() FileTest.pipe?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.socket?</tt>.
+  def socket?() FileTest.socket?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.owned?</tt>.
+  def owned?() FileTest.owned?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.readable?</tt>.
+  def readable?() FileTest.readable?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.world_readable?</tt>.
+  def world_readable?() File.world_readable?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.readable_real?</tt>.
+  def readable_real?() FileTest.readable_real?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.setuid?</tt>.
+  def setuid?() FileTest.setuid?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.setgid?</tt>.
+  def setgid?() FileTest.setgid?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.size</tt>.
+  def size() FileTest.size(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.size?</tt>.
+  def size?() FileTest.size?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.sticky?</tt>.
+  def sticky?() FileTest.sticky?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.symlink?</tt>.
+  def symlink?() FileTest.symlink?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.writable?</tt>.
+  def writable?() FileTest.writable?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.world_writable?</tt>.
+  def world_writable?() File.world_writable?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.writable_real?</tt>.
+  def writable_real?() FileTest.writable_real?(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>FileTest.zero?</tt>.
+  def zero?() FileTest.zero?(@path) end
+end
+
+
+class Pathname    # * Dir *
+  # call-seq:
+  #   glob(patterns, **kwargs) → array_of_pathnames
+  #   glob(patterns, **kwargs) {|pathname| ... } → nil
+  #
+  # Calls <tt>Dir.glob(patterns, **kwargs)</tt>, which yields or returns entry names;
+  # see Dir.glob.
+  #
+  # Required argument +patterns+ is a string pattern or an array of string patterns;
+  # note that these patterns are not regexps.
+  #
+  # Keyword arguments <tt>**kwargs</tt> are passed through to Dir.glob;
+  # see the documentation there.
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns an array of \Pathname objects;
+  # each is <tt>Pathname.new(entry_name)</tt> for an entry name returned by Dir.glob.
+  #
+  #   Pathname.glob('*').take(3)
+  #   # => [#<Pathname:BSDL>, #<Pathname:CONTRIBUTING.md>, #<Pathname:COPYING>]
+  #   Pathname.glob(['o*', 'a*']).take(3)
+  #   # => [#<Pathname:object.c>, #<Pathname:aclocal.m4>, #<Pathname:addr2line.c>]
+  #
+  # With a block given, calls the block with each pathname
+  # <tt>Pathname.new(entry_name)</tt>,
+  # where each +entry_name+ is a \Pathname object created by the value yielded by Dir.glob.
+  #
+  #   a = []
+  #   Pathname.glob(['o*', 'a*']) {|pathname| a << pathname }
+  #   a.take(3)
+  #   # => [#<Pathname:object.c>, #<Pathname:aclocal.m4>, #<Pathname:addr2line.c>]
+  #
+  # Optional keyword argument +base+ is of particular interest.
+  # When it is given, its value specifies the base directory for the pathnames;
+  # each pattern string specifies entries relative to the base directory:
+  #
+  #   Pathname.glob('*', base: 'lib').take(2)
+  #   # => [#<Pathname:English.gemspec>, #<Pathname:English.rb>]
+  #   Pathname.glob('*', base: 'lib/bundler').take(2)
+  #   # => [#<Pathname:build_metadata.rb>, #<Pathname:bundler.gemspec>]
+  #
+  # Note that the base directory is not prepended to the entry names in the result.
+  def Pathname.glob(*args, **kwargs) # :yield: pathname
+    if block_given?
+      Dir.glob(*args, **kwargs) {|f| yield self.new(f) }
+    else
+      Dir.glob(*args, **kwargs).map {|f| self.new(f) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Returns or yields Pathname objects.
+  #
+  #  Pathname("ruby-2.4.2").glob("R*.md")
+  #  #=> [#<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.md>, #<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.ja.md>]
+  #
+  # See Dir.glob.
+  # This method uses the +base+ keyword argument of Dir.glob.
+  def glob(*args, **kwargs) # :yield: pathname
+    if block_given?
+      Dir.glob(*args, **kwargs, base: @path) {|f| yield self + f }
+    else
+      Dir.glob(*args, **kwargs, base: @path).map {|f| self + f }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   Pathname.getwd -> new_pathname
+  #
+  # Returns a new \Pathname object containing the path to the current working directory
+  # (equivalent to <tt>Pathname.new(Dir.getwd)</tt>):
+  #
+  #   Pathname.getwd # => #<Pathname:/home>
+  #
+  def Pathname.getwd() self.new(Dir.getwd) end
+  class << self
+    alias pwd getwd
+  end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   entries -> array_of_pathnames
+  #
+  # Returns an array of pathnames,
+  # one for each entry in the directory represented by `self`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('.').entries.take(5)
+  # # =>
+  # # [#<Pathname:.>,
+  # #  #<Pathname:..>,
+  # #  #<Pathname:gc.rb>,
+  # #  #<Pathname:yjit.rb>,
+  # #  #<Pathname:iseq.h>]
+  # ```
+  #
+  def entries() Dir.entries(@path).map {|f| self.class.new(f) } end
+
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   each_entry {|entry| ... } -> nil
+  #   each_entry -> new_enumerator
+  #
+  # With a block given,
+  # yields a new pathname for each entry
+  # in the entry represented by `self`;
+  # returns `nil`:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname('include').each_entry {|entry| p entry }
+  # # #<Pathname:ruby>
+  # # #<Pathname:..>
+  # # #<Pathname:ruby.h>
+  # # #<Pathname:.>
+  # # => nil
+  # ```
+  #
+  # With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
+  def each_entry(&block) # :yield: pathname
+    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
+    Dir.foreach(@path) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
+  end
+
+  # See <tt>Dir.mkdir</tt>.  Create the referenced directory.
+  def mkdir(...) Dir.mkdir(@path, ...) end
+
+  # See <tt>Dir.rmdir</tt>.  Remove the referenced directory.
+  def rmdir() Dir.rmdir(@path) end
+
+  # See <tt>Dir.open</tt>.
+  def opendir(&block) # :yield: dir
+    Dir.open(@path, &block)
+  end
+end
+
+class Pathname    # * mixed *
+  #
+  # :markup: markdown
+  #
+  # call-seq:
+  #   unlink -> 1 or 0
+  #
+  # Removes the file or directory represented by `self`, using:
+  #
+  # - File.unlink, if `self` represents a file; returns `1`.
+  # - Dir.unlink, if `self` represents a directory; returns `0`.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  # ```ruby
+  # Pathname(Tempfile.create).unlink   # => 1
+  # Pathname(Pathname.mktmpdir).unlink # => 0
+  # ```
+  #
+  def unlink()
+    Dir.unlink @path
+  rescue Errno::ENOTDIR
+    File.unlink @path
+  end
+  alias delete unlink
+end
+
+class Pathname
+  undef =~ if Kernel.method_defined?(:=~)
+end
+
+module Kernel
+  # Creates a Pathname object.
+  def Pathname(path) # :doc:
+    return path if Pathname === path
+    Pathname.new(path)
+  end
+  module_function :Pathname
+end
diff --git a/prelude.rb b/prelude.rb
index ea0a31c1ae..b6c610dd58 100644
--- a/prelude.rb
+++ b/prelude.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 class Binding
   # :nodoc:
-  def irb
+  def irb(...)
+    suppress = Thread.current[:__bundled_gems_warning_suppression]
+    Thread.current[:__bundled_gems_warning_suppression] = ['reline', 'rdoc']
+
     begin
       require 'irb'
     rescue LoadError, Gem::LoadError
       Gem::BUNDLED_GEMS.force_activate 'irb'
-      retry
+      require 'irb'
     end
-    irb
+    irb(...)
+  ensure
+    Thread.current[:__bundled_gems_warning_suppression] = suppress
   end
 
   # suppress redefinition warning
@@ -15,22 +20,22 @@ class Binding
 end
 
 module Kernel
+  # :stopdoc:
   def pp(*objs)
     require 'pp'
     pp(*objs)
   end
 
   # suppress redefinition warning
-  alias pp pp # :nodoc:
+  alias pp pp
 
   private :pp
+  # :startdoc:
 end
 
-autoload :Set, 'set'
-
 module Enumerable
   # Makes a set from the enumerable object with given arguments.
-  def to_set(klass = Set, *args, &block)
-    klass.new(self, *args, &block)
+  def to_set(&block)
+    Set.new(self, &block)
   end
 end
diff --git a/prism/api_pack.c b/prism/api_pack.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 98509ae65c..0000000000
--- a/prism/api_pack.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-#include "prism/extension.h"
-
-#ifdef PRISM_EXCLUDE_PACK
-
-void
-Init_prism_pack(void) {}
-
-#else
-
-static VALUE rb_cPrism;
-static VALUE rb_cPrismPack;
-static VALUE rb_cPrismPackDirective;
-static VALUE rb_cPrismPackFormat;
-
-static VALUE v3_2_0_symbol;
-static VALUE pack_symbol;
-static VALUE unpack_symbol;
-
-#if SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-# define UINT64T2NUM(x) ULL2NUM(x)
-# define NUM2UINT64T(x) (uint64_t)NUM2ULL(x)
-#elif SIZEOF_UINT64_T == SIZEOF_LONG
-# define UINT64T2NUM(x) ULONG2NUM(x)
-# define NUM2UINT64T(x) (uint64_t)NUM2ULONG(x)
-#else
-// error No uint64_t conversion
-#endif
-
-static VALUE
-pack_type_to_symbol(pm_pack_type type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case PM_PACK_SPACE:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SPACE"));
-        case PM_PACK_COMMENT:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("COMMENT"));
-        case PM_PACK_INTEGER:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("INTEGER"));
-        case PM_PACK_UTF8:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("UTF8"));
-        case PM_PACK_BER:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("BER"));
-        case PM_PACK_FLOAT:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("FLOAT"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_SPACE_PADDED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_SPACE_PADDED"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_NULL_PADDED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_NULL_PADDED"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_NULL_TERMINATED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_NULL_TERMINATED"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_MSB:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_MSB"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_LSB:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_LSB"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_HEX_HIGH:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_HEX_HIGH"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_HEX_LOW:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_HEX_LOW"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_UU:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_UU"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_MIME:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_MIME"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_BASE64:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_BASE64"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_FIXED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_FIXED"));
-        case PM_PACK_STRING_POINTER:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("STRING_POINTER"));
-        case PM_PACK_MOVE:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("MOVE"));
-        case PM_PACK_BACK:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("BACK"));
-        case PM_PACK_NULL:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("NULL"));
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pack_signed_to_symbol(pm_pack_signed signed_type) {
-    switch (signed_type) {
-        case PM_PACK_UNSIGNED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("UNSIGNED"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIGNED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIGNED"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIGNED_NA:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIGNED_NA"));
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pack_endian_to_symbol(pm_pack_endian endian) {
-    switch (endian) {
-        case PM_PACK_AGNOSTIC_ENDIAN:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("AGNOSTIC_ENDIAN"));
-        case PM_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("LITTLE_ENDIAN"));
-        case PM_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("BIG_ENDIAN"));
-        case PM_PACK_NATIVE_ENDIAN:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("NATIVE_ENDIAN"));
-        case PM_PACK_ENDIAN_NA:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("ENDIAN_NA"));
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pack_size_to_symbol(pm_pack_size size) {
-    switch (size) {
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_SHORT:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_SHORT"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_INT:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_INT"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_LONG:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_LONG"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_LONG_LONG:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_LONG_LONG"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_8:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_8"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_16:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_16"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_32:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_32"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_64:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_64"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_P:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_P"));
-        case PM_PACK_SIZE_NA:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("SIZE_NA"));
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pack_length_type_to_symbol(pm_pack_length_type length_type) {
-    switch (length_type) {
-        case PM_PACK_LENGTH_FIXED:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("LENGTH_FIXED"));
-        case PM_PACK_LENGTH_MAX:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("LENGTH_MAX"));
-        case PM_PACK_LENGTH_RELATIVE:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("LENGTH_RELATIVE"));
-        case PM_PACK_LENGTH_NA:
-            return ID2SYM(rb_intern("LENGTH_NA"));
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-pack_encoding_to_ruby(pm_pack_encoding encoding) {
-    int index;
-    switch (encoding) {
-        case PM_PACK_ENCODING_ASCII_8BIT:
-            index = rb_ascii8bit_encindex();
-            break;
-        case PM_PACK_ENCODING_US_ASCII:
-            index = rb_usascii_encindex();
-            break;
-        case PM_PACK_ENCODING_UTF_8:
-            index = rb_utf8_encindex();
-            break;
-        default:
-            return Qnil;
-    }
-    return rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_enc_from_index(index));
-}
-
-/**
- * call-seq:
- *   Pack::parse(version, variant, source) -> Format
- *
- * Parse the given source and return a format object.
- */
-static VALUE
-pack_parse(VALUE self, VALUE version_symbol, VALUE variant_symbol, VALUE format_string) {
-    if (version_symbol != v3_2_0_symbol) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid version");
-    }
-
-    pm_pack_variant variant;
-    if (variant_symbol == pack_symbol) {
-        variant = PM_PACK_VARIANT_PACK;
-    } else if (variant_symbol == unpack_symbol) {
-        variant = PM_PACK_VARIANT_UNPACK;
-    } else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid variant");
-    }
-
-    StringValue(format_string);
-
-    const char *format = RSTRING_PTR(format_string);
-    const char *format_end = format + RSTRING_LEN(format_string);
-    pm_pack_encoding encoding = PM_PACK_ENCODING_START;
-
-    VALUE directives_array = rb_ary_new();
-
-    while (format < format_end) {
-        pm_pack_type type;
-        pm_pack_signed signed_type;
-        pm_pack_endian endian;
-        pm_pack_size size;
-        pm_pack_length_type length_type;
-        uint64_t length;
-
-        const char *directive_start = format;
-
-        pm_pack_result parse_result = pm_pack_parse(variant, &format, format_end, &type, &signed_type, &endian,
-                                                    &size, &length_type, &length, &encoding);
-
-        const char *directive_end = format;
-
-        switch (parse_result) {
-            case PM_PACK_OK:
-                break;
-            case PM_PACK_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIRECTIVE:
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported directive");
-            case PM_PACK_ERROR_UNKNOWN_DIRECTIVE:
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported directive");
-            case PM_PACK_ERROR_LENGTH_TOO_BIG:
-                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "pack length too big");
-            case PM_PACK_ERROR_BANG_NOT_ALLOWED:
-                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bang not allowed");
-            case PM_PACK_ERROR_DOUBLE_ENDIAN:
-                rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "double endian");
-            default:
-                rb_bug("parse result");
-        }
-
-        if (type == PM_PACK_END) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        VALUE directive_args[9] = {
-            version_symbol,
-            variant_symbol,
-            rb_usascii_str_new(directive_start, directive_end - directive_start),
-            pack_type_to_symbol(type),
-            pack_signed_to_symbol(signed_type),
-            pack_endian_to_symbol(endian),
-            pack_size_to_symbol(size),
-            pack_length_type_to_symbol(length_type),
-            UINT64T2NUM(length)
-        };
-
-        rb_ary_push(directives_array, rb_class_new_instance(9, directive_args, rb_cPrismPackDirective));
-    }
-
-    VALUE format_args[2];
-    format_args[0] = directives_array;
-    format_args[1] = pack_encoding_to_ruby(encoding);
-    return rb_class_new_instance(2, format_args, rb_cPrismPackFormat);
-}
-
-/**
- * The function that gets called when Ruby initializes the prism extension.
- */
-void
-Init_prism_pack(void) {
-    rb_cPrism = rb_define_module("Prism");
-    rb_cPrismPack = rb_define_module_under(rb_cPrism, "Pack");
-    rb_cPrismPackDirective = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrismPack, "Directive", rb_cObject);
-    rb_cPrismPackFormat = rb_define_class_under(rb_cPrismPack, "Format", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPrismPack, "parse", pack_parse, 3);
-
-    v3_2_0_symbol = ID2SYM(rb_intern("v3_2_0"));
-    pack_symbol = ID2SYM(rb_intern("pack"));
-    unpack_symbol = ID2SYM(rb_intern("unpack"));
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/prism/arena.c b/prism/arena.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64a731649d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prism/arena.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "prism/internal/arena.h"
+
+#include "prism/internal/allocator.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/**
+ * Compute the block allocation size using offsetof so it is correct regardless
+ * of PM_FLEX_ARRAY_LENGTH.
+ */
+#define PM_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE(data_size) (offsetof(pm_arena_block_t, data) + (data_size))
+
+/** Initial block data size: 8 KB. */
+#define PM_ARENA_INITIAL_SIZE 8192
+
+/** Double the block size every this many blocks. */
+#define PM_ARENA_GROWTH_INTERVAL 8
+
+/** Maximum block data size: 1 MB. */
+#define PM_ARENA_MAX_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
+
+/**
+ * Compute the data size for the next block.
+ */
+static size_t
+pm_arena_next_block_size(const pm_arena_t *arena, size_t min_size) {
+    size_t size = PM_ARENA_INITIAL_SIZE;
+
+    for (size_t exp = PM_ARENA_GROWTH_INTERVAL; exp <= arena->block_count; exp += PM_ARENA_GROWTH_INTERVAL) {
+        if (size < PM_ARENA_MAX_SIZE) size *= 2;
+    }
+
+    return size > min_size ? size : min_size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new block with the given data capacity and initial usage, link it
+ * into the arena, and return it. Aborts on allocation failure.
+ */
+static pm_arena_block_t *
+pm_arena_block_new(pm_arena_t *arena, size_t data_size, size_t initial_used) {
+    assert(initial_used <= data_size);
+    pm_arena_block_t *block = (pm_arena_block_t *) xmalloc(PM_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE(data_size));
+
+    if (block == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "prism: out of memory; aborting\n");
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    block->capacity = data_size;
+    block->used = initial_used;
+    block->prev = arena->current;
+    arena->current = block;
+    arena->block_count++;
+
+    return block;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensure the arena has at least `capacity` bytes available in its current
+ * block, allocating a new block if necessary. This allows callers to
+ * pre-size the arena to avoid repeated small block allocations.
+ */
+void
+pm_arena_reserve(pm_arena_t *arena, size_t capacity) {
+    if (capacity <= PM_ARENA_INITIAL_SIZE) return;
+    if (arena->current != NULL && (arena->current->capacity - arena->current->used) >= capacity) return;
+    pm_arena_block_new(arena, capacity, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Slow path for pm_arena_alloc: allocate a new block and return a pointer to
+ * the first `size` bytes. Called when the current block has insufficient space.
+ */
+void *
+pm_arena_alloc_slow(pm_arena_t *arena, size_t size) {
+    size_t block_data_size = pm_arena_next_block_size(arena, size);
+    pm_arena_block_t *block = pm_arena_block_new(arena, block_data_size, size);
+    return block->data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a newly allocated and initialized arena.
+ */
+pm_arena_t *
+pm_arena_new(void) {
+    pm_arena_t *arena = (pm_arena_t *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(pm_arena_t));
+    if (arena == NULL) abort();
+    return arena;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free all blocks in the arena.
+ */
+void
+pm_arena_cleanup(pm_arena_t *arena) {
+    pm_arena_block_t *block = arena->current;
+
+    while (block != NULL) {
+        pm_arena_block_t *prev = block->prev;
+        xfree_sized(block, PM_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE(block->capacity));
+        block = prev;
+    }
+
+    *arena = (pm_arena_t) { 0 };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Frees both the held memory and the arena itself.
+ */
+void
+pm_arena_free(pm_arena_t *arena) {
+    pm_arena_cleanup(arena);
+    xfree_sized(arena, sizeof(pm_arena_t));
+}
diff --git a/prism/arena.h b/prism/arena.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1fa8fc6ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prism/arena.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * @file arena.h
+ *
+ * A bump allocator for the prism parser.
+ */
+#ifndef PRISM_ARENA_H
+#define PRISM_ARENA_H
+
+#include "prism/compiler/exported.h"
+#include "prism/compiler/nodiscard.h"
+#include "prism/compiler/nonnull.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/**
+ * An opaque pointer to an arena that is used for allocations.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_arena_t pm_arena_t;
+
+/**
+ * Returns a newly allocated and initialized arena. If the arena cannot be
+ * allocated, this function aborts the process.
+ *
+ * @returns A pointer to the newly allocated arena. It is the responsibility of
+ *     the caller to free the arena using pm_arena_free when it is no longer
+ *     needed.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION PRISM_NODISCARD pm_arena_t * pm_arena_new(void);
+
+/**
+ * Frees both the held memory and the arena itself.
+ *
+ * @param arena The arena to free.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION void pm_arena_free(pm_arena_t *arena) PRISM_NONNULL(1);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/prism/buffer.c b/prism/buffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb3b9a4fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prism/buffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+#include "prism/internal/buffer.h"
+
+#include "prism/compiler/inline.h"
+
+#include "prism/internal/char.h"
+#include "prism/internal/allocator.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a pm_buffer_t with the given capacity.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_init(pm_buffer_t *buffer, size_t capacity) {
+    buffer->length = 0;
+    buffer->capacity = capacity;
+
+    buffer->value = (char *) xmalloc(capacity);
+    if (buffer->value == NULL) abort();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate and initialize a new buffer.
+ */
+pm_buffer_t *
+pm_buffer_new(void) {
+    pm_buffer_t *buffer = (pm_buffer_t *) xmalloc(sizeof(pm_buffer_t));
+    if (buffer == NULL) abort();
+
+    pm_buffer_init(buffer, 1024);
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the value of the buffer.
+ */
+char *
+pm_buffer_value(const pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    return buffer->value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the length of the buffer.
+ */
+size_t
+pm_buffer_length(const pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    return buffer->length;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append the given amount of space to the buffer.
+ */
+static PRISM_INLINE bool
+pm_buffer_append_length(pm_buffer_t *buffer, size_t length) {
+    size_t next_length = buffer->length + length;
+    const size_t original_capacity = buffer->capacity;
+
+    if (next_length > buffer->capacity) {
+        if (buffer->capacity == 0) {
+            buffer->capacity = 1;
+        }
+
+        while (next_length > buffer->capacity) {
+            buffer->capacity *= 2;
+        }
+
+        buffer->value = xrealloc_sized(buffer->value, buffer->capacity, original_capacity);
+        if (buffer->value == NULL) return false;
+    }
+
+    buffer->length = next_length;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a generic pointer to memory to the buffer.
+ */
+static PRISM_INLINE void
+pm_buffer_append(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const void *source, size_t length) {
+    size_t cursor = buffer->length;
+    if (pm_buffer_append_length(buffer, length)) {
+        memcpy(buffer->value + cursor, source, length);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append the given amount of space as zeroes to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_zeroes(pm_buffer_t *buffer, size_t length) {
+    size_t cursor = buffer->length;
+    if (pm_buffer_append_length(buffer, length)) {
+        memset(buffer->value + cursor, 0, length);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a formatted string to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_format(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const char *format, ...) {
+    va_list arguments;
+    va_start(arguments, format);
+    int result = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, arguments);
+    va_end(arguments);
+
+    if (result < 0) return;
+    size_t length = (size_t) (result + 1);
+
+    size_t cursor = buffer->length;
+    if (pm_buffer_append_length(buffer, length)) {
+        va_start(arguments, format);
+        vsnprintf(buffer->value + cursor, length, format, arguments);
+        va_end(arguments);
+        buffer->length--;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a string to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_string(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const char *value, size_t length) {
+    pm_buffer_append(buffer, value, length);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a list of bytes to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_bytes(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const uint8_t *value, size_t length) {
+    pm_buffer_append(buffer, (const char *) value, length);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a single byte to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_byte(pm_buffer_t *buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    const void *source = &value;
+    pm_buffer_append(buffer, source, sizeof(uint8_t));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a 32-bit unsigned integer to the buffer as a variable-length integer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_varuint(pm_buffer_t *buffer, uint32_t value) {
+    if (value < 128) {
+        pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, (uint8_t) value);
+    } else {
+        uint32_t n = value;
+        while (n >= 128) {
+            pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, (uint8_t) (n | 128));
+            n >>= 7;
+        }
+        pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, (uint8_t) n);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a 32-bit signed integer to the buffer as a variable-length integer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_varsint(pm_buffer_t *buffer, int32_t value) {
+    uint32_t unsigned_int = ((uint32_t)(value) << 1) ^ ((uint32_t)(value >> 31));
+    pm_buffer_append_varuint(buffer, unsigned_int);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a double to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_double(pm_buffer_t *buffer, double value) {
+    const void *source = &value;
+    pm_buffer_append(buffer, source, sizeof(double));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a unicode codepoint to the buffer.
+ */
+bool
+pm_buffer_append_unicode_codepoint(pm_buffer_t *buffer, uint32_t value) {
+    if (value <= 0x7F) {
+        pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, (uint8_t) value); // 0xxxxxxx
+        return true;
+    } else if (value <= 0x7FF) {
+        uint8_t bytes[] = {
+            (uint8_t) (0xC0 | ((value >> 6) & 0x3F)), // 110xxxxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | (value & 0x3F))         // 10xxxxxx
+        };
+
+        pm_buffer_append_bytes(buffer, bytes, 2);
+        return true;
+    } else if (value <= 0xFFFF) {
+        uint8_t bytes[] = {
+            (uint8_t) (0xE0 | ((value >> 12) & 0x3F)), // 1110xxxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | ((value >> 6) & 0x3F)),  // 10xxxxxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | (value & 0x3F))          // 10xxxxxx
+        };
+
+        pm_buffer_append_bytes(buffer, bytes, 3);
+        return true;
+    } else if (value <= 0x10FFFF) {
+        uint8_t bytes[] = {
+            (uint8_t) (0xF0 | ((value >> 18) & 0x3F)), // 11110xxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | ((value >> 12) & 0x3F)), // 10xxxxxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | ((value >> 6) & 0x3F)),  // 10xxxxxx
+            (uint8_t) (0x80 | (value & 0x3F))          // 10xxxxxx
+        };
+
+        pm_buffer_append_bytes(buffer, bytes, 4);
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append a slice of source code to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_append_source(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const uint8_t *source, size_t length, pm_buffer_escaping_t escaping) {
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+        const uint8_t byte = source[index];
+
+        if ((byte <= 0x06) || (byte >= 0x0E && byte <= 0x1F) || (byte >= 0x7F)) {
+            if (escaping == PM_BUFFER_ESCAPING_RUBY) {
+                pm_buffer_append_format(buffer, "\\x%02X", byte);
+            } else {
+                pm_buffer_append_format(buffer, "\\u%04X", byte);
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch (byte) {
+                case '\a':
+                    if (escaping == PM_BUFFER_ESCAPING_RUBY) {
+                        pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\a", 2);
+                    } else {
+                        pm_buffer_append_format(buffer, "\\u%04X", byte);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '\b':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\b", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '\t':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\t", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '\n':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\n", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '\v':
+                    if (escaping == PM_BUFFER_ESCAPING_RUBY) {
+                        pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\v", 2);
+                    } else {
+                        pm_buffer_append_format(buffer, "\\u%04X", byte);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '\f':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\f", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '\r':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\r", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '"':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\\"", 2);
+                    break;
+                case '#': {
+                    if (escaping == PM_BUFFER_ESCAPING_RUBY && index + 1 < length) {
+                        const uint8_t next_byte = source[index + 1];
+                        if (next_byte == '{' || next_byte == '@' || next_byte == '$') {
+                            pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, '\\');
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, '#');
+                    break;
+                }
+                case '\\':
+                    pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, "\\\\", 2);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    pm_buffer_append_byte(buffer, byte);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prepend the given string to the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_prepend_string(pm_buffer_t *buffer, const char *value, size_t length) {
+    size_t cursor = buffer->length;
+    if (pm_buffer_append_length(buffer, length)) {
+        memmove(buffer->value + length, buffer->value, cursor);
+        memcpy(buffer->value, value, length);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Concatenate one buffer onto another.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_concat(pm_buffer_t *destination, const pm_buffer_t *source) {
+    if (source->length > 0) {
+        pm_buffer_append(destination, source->value, source->length);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear the buffer by reducing its size to 0. This does not free the allocated
+ * memory, but it does allow the buffer to be reused.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_clear(pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    buffer->length = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strip the whitespace from the end of the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_rstrip(pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    while (buffer->length > 0 && pm_char_is_whitespace((uint8_t) buffer->value[buffer->length - 1])) {
+        buffer->length--;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the buffer includes the given value.
+ */
+size_t
+pm_buffer_index(const pm_buffer_t *buffer, char value) {
+    const char *first = memchr(buffer->value, value, buffer->length);
+    return (first == NULL) ? SIZE_MAX : (size_t) (first - buffer->value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert the given string into the buffer at the given index.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_insert(pm_buffer_t *buffer, size_t index, const char *value, size_t length) {
+    assert(index <= buffer->length);
+
+    if (index == buffer->length) {
+        pm_buffer_append_string(buffer, value, length);
+    } else {
+        pm_buffer_append_zeroes(buffer, length);
+        memmove(buffer->value + index + length, buffer->value + index, buffer->length - length - index);
+        memcpy(buffer->value + index, value, length);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free the memory held by the buffer.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_cleanup(pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    xfree_sized(buffer->value, buffer->capacity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free both the memory held by the buffer and the buffer itself.
+ */
+void
+pm_buffer_free(pm_buffer_t *buffer) {
+    pm_buffer_cleanup(buffer);
+    xfree_sized(buffer, sizeof(pm_buffer_t));
+}
diff --git a/prism/buffer.h b/prism/buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24b572d2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prism/buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * @file buffer.h
+ *
+ * A wrapper around a contiguous block of allocated memory.
+ */
+#ifndef PRISM_BUFFER_H
+#define PRISM_BUFFER_H
+
+#include "prism/compiler/exported.h"
+#include "prism/compiler/nodiscard.h"
+#include "prism/compiler/nonnull.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/**
+ * A wrapper around a contiguous block of allocated memory.
+ */
+typedef struct pm_buffer_t pm_buffer_t;
+
+/**
+ * Allocate and initialize a new buffer. If the buffer cannot be allocated, this
+ * function will abort the process.
+ *
+ * @returns A pointer to the initialized buffer. The caller is responsible for
+ *     freeing the buffer with pm_buffer_free.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION PRISM_NODISCARD pm_buffer_t * pm_buffer_new(void);
+
+/**
+ * Free both the memory held by the buffer and the buffer itself.
+ *
+ * @param buffer The buffer to free.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION void pm_buffer_free(pm_buffer_t *buffer) PRISM_NONNULL(1);
+
+/**
+ * Return the value of the buffer.
+ *
+ * @param buffer The buffer to get the value of.
+ * @returns The value of the buffer.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION char * pm_buffer_value(const pm_buffer_t *buffer) PRISM_NONNULL(1);
+
+/**
+ * Return the length of the buffer.
+ *
+ * @param buffer The buffer to get the length of.
+ * @returns The length of the buffer.
+ */
+PRISM_EXPORTED_FUNCTION size_t pm_buffer_length(const pm_buffer_t *buffer) PRISM_NONNULL(1);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/prism/char.c b/prism/char.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08e457aa1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prism/char.c