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Diffstat (limited to 'ruby.1')
| -rw-r--r-- | ruby.1 | 216 |
1 files changed, 85 insertions, 131 deletions
@@ -1,45 +1,8 @@ -.\"Ruby is copyrighted by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@ruby.club.co.jp>. -.\" -.\"This source is distributed under the conditions blow: -.\" -.\" 1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of -.\" the software without restriction, provided that you do not modify -.\" the original distribution files. -.\" -.\" If you want to distribute the modified version in any way, contact -.\" the author. -.\" -.\" 2. You may distribute the software in object code or executable -.\" form, provided that you distribute it with instructions on where -.\" to get the software. -.\" -.\" 3. You may modify the software in any way, provided that you do not -.\" distribute the modified version. -.\" -.\" 4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other -.\" software (possibly commercial). But some files in the distribution -.\" are not written by the author, so that they are not under this terms. -.\" They are gc.c(partly)，utils.c(partly), regex.[ch]，fnmatch.[ch]， -.\" glob.c, st.[ch] and somme files under the ./missing directory. See -.\" each files for the copying condition. -.\" -.\" 5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as -.\" output from the software do not automatically fall under the -.\" copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them, -.\" and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this -.\" software. -.\" -.\" 6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED -.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR -.\" PURPOSE. -.\" -.\" $Id$ -.\" +.\"Ruby is copyrighted by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.co.jp>. .na -.TH RUBY 1 "ruby 1.0" "19/Sep/97" "Ruby Programmers Reference Guide" +.TH RUBY 1 "ruby 1.3" "18/Jan/99" "Ruby Programmers Reference Guide" .SH NAME -ruby - Interpreted scripting language +ruby - Interpreted object-oriented scripting language .SH SYNOPSIS .B ruby \c [ \c @@ -94,99 +57,96 @@ ruby - Interpreted scripting language ] [ programfile ] [ argument ] ... .SH PREFACE -Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy -object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text -files and to do system management tasks (as in perl). It is simple, +Ruby is an interpreted scripting language for quick and easy +object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text +files and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple, straight-forward, and extensible. .PP If you want a language for easy object-oriented programming, or you -don't like the PERL ugliness, or you do like the concept of lisp, but -don't like too much parentheses, ruby may be the language of the +don't like the Perl ugliness, or you do like the concept of lisp, but +don't like too much parentheses, Ruby may be the language of your choice. .SH DESCRIPTION Ruby's features are as follows: .TP .B "\(bu Interpretive" -Ruby is the interpreted language, so you don't have to -recompile to execute the program written in ruby. +Ruby is an interpreted language, so you don't have to recompile +programs written in Ruby to execute them. .TP .B "\(bu Variables have no type (dynamic typing)" -Variables in ruby can contain data of any type. You don't have -to worry about variable typing. Consequently, it has weaker -compile time check. -.TP +Variables in Ruby can contain data of any type. You don't have to +worry about variable typing. Consequently, it has a weaker compile +time check. +.TP .B "\(bu No declaration needed" -You can use variables in your ruby programs without any -declarations. Variable name itself denotes its scope (local, -global, instance, etc.) +You can use variables in your Ruby programs without any declarations. +Variable names denote their scope, local, global, instance, etc. .TP .B "\(bu Simple syntax" -Ruby has simple syntax influenced slightly from Eiffel. +Ruby has a simple syntax influenced slightly from Eiffel. .TP .B "\(bu No user-level memory management" Ruby has automatic memory management. Objects no longer referenced from anywhere are automatically collected by the -garbage collector built in the interpreter. +garbage collector built into the interpreter. .TP -.B "\(bu Everything is object" -Ruby is the pure object-oriented language from the beginning. -Even basic data like integers are treated uniformly as objects. +.B "\(bu Everything is an object" +Ruby is the purely object-oriented language, and was so since its +creation. Even such basic data as integers are seen as objects. .TP .B "\(bu Class, inheritance, methods" -Of course, as a O-O language, ruby has basic features like -classes, inheritance, methods, etc. +Of course, as an object-oriented language, Ruby has such basic +features like classes, inheritance, and methods. .TP .B "\(bu Singleton methods" -Ruby has the feature to define methods for certain specified -object. For example, you can define a press-button action for -certain GUI button by defining a singleton method for the -button. Or, you can make up your own prototype based object -system using singleton methods (if you want to). +Ruby has the ability to define methods for certain objects. For +example, you can define a press-button action for certain widget by +defining a singleton method for the button. Or, you can make up your +own prototype based object system using singleton methods, if you want +to. .TP .B "\(bu Mix-in by modules" -Ruby does not have the multiple inheritance intentionally. IMO, -It is the source of confusion. Instead, ruby has modules to -share the implementation across the inheritance tree. It is -often called "Mix-in." +Ruby intentioanlly does not have the multiple inheritance as it is a +souce of confusion. Instead, Ruby has the ability to share +implementations acrss the inheritance tree. This is oftern called +`Mix-in'. .TP .B "\(bu Iterators" Ruby has iterators for loop abstraction. .TP .B "\(bu Closures" -In ruby, you can objectify the procedure. +In Ruby, you can objectify the procedure. .TP .B "\(bu Text processing and regular expression" -Ruby has bunch of text processing features like in perl. +Ruby has a bunch of text processing features like in Perl. .TP .B "\(bu Bignums" -With bu ilt-in bignums, you can calculate factorial(400), for -example. +With built-in bignums, you can for example calculate factorial(400). .TP .B "\(bu Exception handling" As in Java(tm). .TP -.B "\(bu Direct access to OS" -Ruby can call most of system calls on UNIX boxes. It can be -used in system programming. +.B "\(bu Direct access to the OS" +Ruby can use most UNIX system calls, often used in system programming. .TP .B "\(bu Dynamic loading" -You can load object files into ruby interpreter on-the-fly, on -most of UNIXes. +On most UNIX systems, you can load object files into the Ruby +interpreter on-the-fly. .PP -.SH Command line options +.SH COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Ruby interpreter accepts following command-line options (switches). -Basically they are quite similar to those of Perl. +They are quite similar to those of Perl. .TP .B -0digit -specifies the input record separator ($/) as an octal number. -If no digits given, the null character is the separator. Other -switches may follow the digits. -00 turns ruby into paragraph -mode. -0777 makes ruby read whole file at once as a single -string, since there is no legal character with that value. +pecifies the input record separator ($/) as an octal number. If no +digit is given, the null character is taken as the separator. Other +switches may follow the digits. -00 turns Ruby into paragraph mode. - +0777 makes Ruby read whole file at once as a single string since there +is no legal character with that value. .TP .B -a turns on auto-split mode when used with -n or -p. In auto-split -mode, ruby executes +mode, Ruby executes .nf .ne 1 \& $F = $_.split @@ -194,20 +154,20 @@ at beginning of each loop. .fi .TP .B -c -causes ruby to check the syntax of the script and exit without -executing. If there is no syntax error, ruby will print "Syntax +causes Ruby to check the syntax of the script and exit without +executing. If there are no syntax errors, Ruby will print "Syntax OK" to the standard output. .TP .B -Kc -specifies KANJI (Japanese character) code-set. +specifies KANJI (Japanese) code-set. .TP .B -d --debug turns on debug mode. $DEBUG will set TRUE. .TP .B -e script -specifies script from command-line. if -e switch specified, -ruby will not look for a script filename in the arguments. +specifies script from command-line while telling Ruby to not +search argv for script filenames. .TP .B -F regexp specifies input field separator ($;). @@ -229,16 +189,15 @@ example: .fi .TP .B -I directory -used to tell ruby where to load the library scripts. Directory -path will be added to the load-path variable ($:'). +used to tell Ruby where to load the library scripts. Directory path +will be added to the load-path variable ($:'). .TP .B -l -enables automatic line-ending processing, which means firstly -set $\ to the value of $/, and secondly chops every line read -using chop!. +enables automatic line-ending processing, which means to firstly set +$\ to the value of $/, and secondly chops every line read using chop!. .TP .B -n -causes ruby to assume the following loop around your script, +causes Ruby to assume the following loop around your script, which makes it iterate over filename arguments somewhat like sed -n or awk. .nf @@ -259,24 +218,23 @@ example: .fi .TP .B -r filename -causes ruby to load the file using [4]require. It is useful +causes Ruby to load the file using [4]require. It is useful with switches -n or -p. .TP .B -s -enables some switch parsing for switches after script name but -before any filename arguments (or before a --). Any switches -found there is removed from ARGV and set the corresponding -variable in the script. +enables some switch parsing for switches after script name but before +any filename arguments (or before a --). Any switches found there are +removed from ARGV and set the corresponding variable in the script. example: .nf .ne 3 \& #! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s \& # prints "true" if invoked with `-xyz' switch. -\& print "true\n" if $xyz +\& print "true\en" if $xyz .fi .TP .B -S -makes ruby uses the PATH environment variable to search for +makes Ruby use the PATH environment variable to search for script, unless if its name begins with a slash. This is used to emulate #! on machines that don't support it, in the following manner: @@ -286,44 +244,40 @@ manner: \& # This line makes the next one a comment in ruby \\ \& exec /usr/local/bin/ruby -S $0 $* .fi -On some systems $0 does not always contain the full pathname, -so you need -S switch to tell ruby to search for the script if -necessary. -To handle embedded spaces or such, A better construct than $* -would be ${1+"$@"}, but it does not work if the script is being -interpreted by csh. +On some systems $0 does not always contain the full pathname, so you +need -S switch to tell Ruby to search for the script if necessary. To +handle embedded spaces or such. A better construct than $* would be +${1+"$@"}, but it does not work if the script is being interpreted by +csh. .TP .B -v --verbose -enables verbose mode. Ruby will prints its version at the -beginning, and set the variable `$VERBOSE' to TRUE. Some -methods prints extra messages if this variable is TRUE. If this -switch is given, and no other switches present, ruby quits -after printing its version. +enables verbose mode. Ruby will print its version at the beginning, +and set the variable `$VERBOSE' to TRUE. Some methods print extra +messages if this variable is TRUE. If this switch is given, and no +other switches are present, Ruby quits after printing its version. .TP .B --version -prints the version of ruby executable. +prints the version of Ruby interpreter. .TP .B -w enables verbose mode without printing version message at the -beginning. It set the variable `$VERBOSE' to TRUE. +beginning. It set the `$VERBOSE' variable to true. .TP .B -x[directory] -tells ruby that the script is embedded in a message. Leading -garbage will be discarded until the first that starts with "#!" -and contains string "ruby". Any meaningful switches on that -line will applied. The end of script must be specified with -either EOF, ^D (control-D), ^Z (control-Z), or reserved word -__END__.If the directory name is specified, ruby will switch to -that directory before executing script. +tells Ruby that the script is embedded in a message. Leading garbage +will be discarded until the first that starts with "#!" and contains +the string, "ruby". Any meaningful switches on that line will applied. +The end of script must be specified with either EOF, ^D (control-D), +^Z (control-Z), or reserved word __END__.If the directory name is +specified, Ruby will switch to that directory before executing script. .TP .B -X directory -causes ruby to switch to the directory. +causes Ruby to switch to the directory. .TP .B -y --yydebug -turns on compiler debug mode. ruby will print bunch of internal -state messages during compiling scripts. You don't have to -specify this switch, unless you are going to debug the ruby -interpreter itself. +turns on compiler debug mode. Ruby will print a bunch of internal +state messages during compiling scripts. You don't have to specify +this switch, unless you are going to debug the Ruby interpreter. .PP .SH AUTHOR - Ruby is designed and implemented by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@ruby.club.co.jp>. + Ruby is designed and implemented by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.co.jp>. |