diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'io_buffer.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | io_buffer.c | 555 |
1 files changed, 424 insertions, 131 deletions
diff --git a/io_buffer.c b/io_buffer.c index 7715aa0d37..faa5304248 100644 --- a/io_buffer.c +++ b/io_buffer.c @@ -6,17 +6,20 @@ **********************************************************************/ -#include "ruby/io.h" #include "ruby/io/buffer.h" #include "ruby/fiber/scheduler.h" +// For `rb_nogvl`. +#include "ruby/thread.h" + #include "internal.h" #include "internal/array.h" #include "internal/bits.h" #include "internal/error.h" +#include "internal/gc.h" #include "internal/numeric.h" #include "internal/string.h" -#include "internal/thread.h" +#include "internal/io.h" VALUE rb_cIOBuffer; VALUE rb_eIOBufferLockedError; @@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ size_t RUBY_IO_BUFFER_DEFAULT_SIZE; enum { RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_DEFAULT_WIDTH = 16, + RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH = 1024, RB_IO_BUFFER_INSPECT_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_SIZE = 256, RB_IO_BUFFER_INSPECT_HEXDUMP_WIDTH = 16, @@ -81,6 +85,8 @@ io_buffer_map_memory(size_t size, int flags) if (base == MAP_FAILED) { rb_sys_fail("io_buffer_map_memory:mmap"); } + + ruby_annotate_mmap(base, size, "Ruby:io_buffer_map_memory"); #endif return base; @@ -260,21 +266,43 @@ io_buffer_free(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer) if (buffer->mapping) { if (RB_IO_BUFFER_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "io_buffer_free:CloseHandle -> %p\n", buffer->mapping); if (!CloseHandle(buffer->mapping)) { - fprintf(stderr, "io_buffer_free:GetLastError -> %d\n", GetLastError()); + fprintf(stderr, "io_buffer_free:GetLastError -> %lu\n", GetLastError()); } buffer->mapping = NULL; } #endif } -void +static void rb_io_buffer_type_mark(void *_buffer) { struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer; - rb_gc_mark(buffer->source); + if (buffer->source != Qnil) { + if (RB_TYPE_P(buffer->source, T_STRING)) { + // The `source` String has to be pinned, because the `base` may point to the embedded String content, + // which can be otherwise moved by GC compaction. + rb_gc_mark(buffer->source); + } else { + rb_gc_mark_movable(buffer->source); + } + } } -void +static void +rb_io_buffer_type_compact(void *_buffer) +{ + struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer; + if (buffer->source != Qnil) { + if (RB_TYPE_P(buffer->source, T_STRING)) { + // The `source` String has to be pinned, because the `base` may point to the embedded String content, + // which can be otherwise moved by GC compaction. + } else { + buffer->source = rb_gc_location(buffer->source); + } + } +} + +static void rb_io_buffer_type_free(void *_buffer) { struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer; @@ -282,7 +310,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_type_free(void *_buffer) io_buffer_free(buffer); } -size_t +static size_t rb_io_buffer_type_size(const void *_buffer) { const struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = _buffer; @@ -301,6 +329,7 @@ static const rb_data_type_t rb_io_buffer_type = { .dmark = rb_io_buffer_type_mark, .dfree = rb_io_buffer_type_free, .dsize = rb_io_buffer_type_size, + .dcompact = rb_io_buffer_type_compact, }, .data = NULL, .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE, @@ -356,7 +385,7 @@ io_buffer_extract_size(VALUE argument) } // Extract a width argument, which must be a non-negative integer, and must be -// at least the given minimum. +// at least the given minimum and at most RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH. static inline size_t io_buffer_extract_width(VALUE argument, size_t minimum) { @@ -370,6 +399,10 @@ io_buffer_extract_width(VALUE argument, size_t minimum) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Width must be at least %" PRIuSIZE "!", minimum); } + if (width > RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Width must be at most %" PRIuSIZE "!", (size_t)RB_IO_BUFFER_HEXDUMP_MAXIMUM_WIDTH); + } + return width; } @@ -451,6 +484,8 @@ io_buffer_extract_offset_length(VALUE self, int argc, VALUE argv[], size_t *offs VALUE rb_io_buffer_type_allocate(VALUE self) { + io_buffer_experimental(); + struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL; VALUE instance = TypedData_Make_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer); @@ -493,7 +528,9 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance(VALUE _arguments) arguments->instance = io_buffer_for_make_instance(arguments->klass, arguments->string, arguments->flags); - rb_str_locktmp(arguments->string); + if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(arguments->string)) { + rb_str_locktmp(arguments->string); + } return rb_yield(arguments->instance); } @@ -507,7 +544,9 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance_ensure(VALUE _arguments) rb_io_buffer_free(arguments->instance); } - rb_str_unlocktmp(arguments->string); + if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(arguments->string)) { + rb_str_unlocktmp(arguments->string); + } return Qnil; } @@ -537,7 +576,7 @@ io_buffer_for_yield_instance_ensure(VALUE _arguments) * buffer.get_string(0, 1) * # => "t" * string - * # => "best" + * # => "test" * * buffer.resize(100) * # in `resize': Cannot resize external buffer! (IO::Buffer::AccessError) @@ -617,8 +656,6 @@ rb_io_buffer_new(void *base, size_t size, enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags) VALUE rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags) { - io_buffer_experimental(); - VALUE instance = rb_io_buffer_type_allocate(rb_cIOBuffer); struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL; @@ -635,18 +672,25 @@ rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags * call-seq: IO::Buffer.map(file, [size, [offset, [flags]]]) -> io_buffer * * Create an IO::Buffer for reading from +file+ by memory-mapping the file. - * +file_io+ should be a +File+ instance, opened for reading. + * +file+ should be a +File+ instance, opened for reading or reading and writing. * * Optional +size+ and +offset+ of mapping can be specified. + * Trying to map an empty file or specify +size+ of 0 will raise an error. + * Valid values for +offset+ are system-dependent. + * + * By default, the buffer is writable and expects the file to be writable. + * It is also shared, so several processes can use the same mapping. * - * By default, the buffer would be immutable (read only); to create a writable - * mapping, you need to open a file in read-write mode, and explicitly pass - * +flags+ argument without IO::Buffer::IMMUTABLE. + * You can pass IO::Buffer::READONLY in +flags+ argument to make a read-only buffer; + * this allows to work with files opened only for reading. + * Specifying IO::Buffer::PRIVATE in +flags+ creates a private mapping, + * which will not impact other processes or the underlying file. + * It also allows updating a buffer created from a read-only file. * * File.write('test.txt', 'test') * * buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt'), nil, 0, IO::Buffer::READONLY) - * # => #<IO::Buffer 0x00000001014a0000+4 MAPPED READONLY> + * # => #<IO::Buffer 0x00000001014a0000+4 EXTERNAL MAPPED FILE SHARED READONLY> * * buffer.readonly? # => true * @@ -654,7 +698,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_map(VALUE io, size_t size, rb_off_t offset, enum rb_io_buffer_flags * # => "test" * * buffer.set_string('b', 0) - * # `set_string': Buffer is not writable! (IO::Buffer::AccessError) + * # 'IO::Buffer#set_string': Buffer is not writable! (IO::Buffer::AccessError) * * # create read/write mapping: length 4 bytes, offset 0, flags 0 * buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt', 'r+'), 4, 0) @@ -676,31 +720,48 @@ io_buffer_map(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) // We might like to handle a string path? VALUE io = argv[0]; + rb_off_t file_size = rb_file_size(io); + // Compiler can confirm that we handled file_size <= 0 case: + if (UNLIKELY(file_size <= 0)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid negative or zero file size!"); + } + // Here, we assume that file_size is positive: + else if (UNLIKELY((uintmax_t)file_size > SIZE_MAX)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "File larger than address space!"); + } + size_t size; if (argc >= 2 && !RB_NIL_P(argv[1])) { size = io_buffer_extract_size(argv[1]); - } - else { - rb_off_t file_size = rb_file_size(io); - - // Compiler can confirm that we handled file_size < 0 case: - if (file_size < 0) { - rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid negative file size!"); + if (UNLIKELY(size == 0)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Size can't be zero!"); } - // Here, we assume that file_size is positive: - else if ((uintmax_t)file_size > SIZE_MAX) { - rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "File larger than address space!"); - } - else { - // This conversion should be safe: - size = (size_t)file_size; + if (UNLIKELY(size > (size_t)file_size)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Size can't be larger than file size!"); } } + else { + // This conversion should be safe: + size = (size_t)file_size; + } // This is the file offset, not the buffer offset: rb_off_t offset = 0; if (argc >= 3) { offset = NUM2OFFT(argv[2]); + if (UNLIKELY(offset < 0)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset can't be negative!"); + } + if (UNLIKELY(offset >= file_size)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset too large!"); + } + if (RB_NIL_P(argv[1])) { + // Decrease size if it's set from the actual file size: + size = (size_t)(file_size - offset); + } + else if (UNLIKELY((size_t)(file_size - offset) < size)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Offset too large!"); + } } enum rb_io_buffer_flags flags = 0; @@ -749,8 +810,6 @@ io_flags_for_size(size_t size) VALUE rb_io_buffer_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) { - io_buffer_experimental(); - rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 2); struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL; @@ -843,7 +902,8 @@ rb_io_buffer_get_bytes(VALUE self, void **base, size_t *size) static inline void io_buffer_get_bytes_for_writing(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, void **base, size_t *size) { - if (buffer->flags & RB_IO_BUFFER_READONLY) { + if (buffer->flags & RB_IO_BUFFER_READONLY || + (!NIL_P(buffer->source) && OBJ_FROZEN(buffer->source))) { rb_raise(rb_eIOBufferAccessError, "Buffer is not writable!"); } @@ -1369,6 +1429,17 @@ rb_io_buffer_try_unlock(VALUE self) return 0; } +static VALUE +rb_io_buffer_locked_ensure(VALUE self) +{ + struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL; + TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer); + + buffer->flags &= ~RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED; + + return Qnil; +} + /* * call-seq: locked { ... } * @@ -1411,11 +1482,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_locked(VALUE self) buffer->flags |= RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED; - VALUE result = rb_yield(self); - - buffer->flags &= ~RB_IO_BUFFER_LOCKED; - - return result; + return rb_ensure(rb_yield, self, rb_io_buffer_locked_ensure, self); } /* @@ -1426,7 +1493,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_locked(VALUE self) * * for a buffer created from scratch: free memory. * * for a buffer created from string: undo the association. * - * After the buffer is freed, no further operations can't be performed on it. + * After the buffer is freed, no further operations can be performed on it. * * You can resize a freed buffer to re-allocate it. * @@ -1469,13 +1536,19 @@ VALUE rb_io_buffer_free_locked(VALUE self) return self; } +static bool +size_sum_is_bigger_than(size_t a, size_t b, size_t x) +{ + struct rbimpl_size_overflow_tag size = rbimpl_size_add_overflow(a, b); + return size.overflowed || size.result > x; +} + // Validate that access to the buffer is within bounds, assuming you want to // access length bytes from the specified offset. static inline void io_buffer_validate_range(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, size_t length) { - // We assume here that offset + length won't overflow: - if (offset + length > buffer->size) { + if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, length, buffer->size)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Specified offset+length is bigger than the buffer size!"); } } @@ -1532,6 +1605,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_slice(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, VALUE self, size_t offset, size_ struct rb_io_buffer *slice = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(instance, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, slice); + slice->flags |= (buffer->flags & RB_IO_BUFFER_READONLY); slice->base = (char*)buffer->base + offset; slice->size = length; @@ -1566,7 +1640,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_slice(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, VALUE self, size_t offset, size_ * buffer's bounds. * * string = 'test' - * buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string) + * buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string).dup * * slice = buffer.slice * # => @@ -1593,12 +1667,8 @@ rb_io_buffer_slice(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, VALUE self, size_t offset, size_ * # it is also visible at position 1 of the original buffer * buffer * # => - * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007fc3d31e2d80+4 SLICE> + * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007fc3d31e2d80+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 74 6f 73 74 tost - * - * # ...and original string - * string - * # => tost */ static VALUE io_buffer_slice(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) @@ -1788,9 +1858,9 @@ rb_io_buffer_compare(VALUE self, VALUE other) } static void -io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset) +io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset, size_t extend) { - if (offset > size) { + if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, extend, size)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Type extends beyond end of buffer! (offset=%"PRIdSIZE" > size=%"PRIdSIZE")", offset, size); } } @@ -1810,6 +1880,9 @@ io_buffer_validate_type(size_t size, size_t offset) // :u64, :U64 | unsigned 64-bit integer. // :s64, :S64 | signed 64-bit integer. // +// :u128, :U128 | unsigned 128-bit integer. +// :s128, :S128 | signed 128-bit integer. +// // :f32, :F32 | 32-bit floating point number. // :f64, :F64 | 64-bit floating point number. @@ -1841,13 +1914,53 @@ ruby_swapf64(double value) return swap.value; } +// Structures and conversion functions are now in numeric.h/numeric.c +// Unified swap function for 128-bit integers (works with both signed and unsigned) +// Since both rb_uint128_t and rb_int128_t have the same memory layout, +// we can use a union to make the swap function work with both types +static inline rb_uint128_t +ruby_swap128_uint(rb_uint128_t x) +{ + rb_uint128_t result; +#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T +#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap128) + result.value = __builtin_bswap128(x.value); +#else + // Manual byte swap for 128-bit integers + uint64_t low = (uint64_t)x.value; + uint64_t high = (uint64_t)(x.value >> 64); + low = ruby_swap64(low); + high = ruby_swap64(high); + result.value = ((uint128_t)low << 64) | high; +#endif +#else + // Fallback swap function using two 64-bit integers + // For big-endian data on little-endian host (or vice versa): + // 1. Swap bytes within each 64-bit part + // 2. Swap the order of the parts (since big-endian stores high first, little-endian stores low first) + result.parts.low = ruby_swap64(x.parts.high); + result.parts.high = ruby_swap64(x.parts.low); +#endif + return result; +} + +static inline rb_int128_t +ruby_swap128_int(rb_int128_t x) +{ + union uint128_int128_conversion conversion = { + .int128 = x + }; + conversion.uint128 = ruby_swap128_uint(conversion.uint128); + return conversion.int128; +} + #define IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(name, type, endian, wrap, unwrap, swap) \ static ID RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_##name; \ \ static VALUE \ io_buffer_read_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset) \ { \ - io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset + sizeof(type)); \ + io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset, sizeof(type)); \ type value; \ memcpy(&value, (char*)base + *offset, sizeof(type)); \ if (endian != RB_IO_BUFFER_HOST_ENDIAN) value = swap(value); \ @@ -1858,7 +1971,7 @@ io_buffer_read_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset) \ static void \ io_buffer_write_##name(const void* base, size_t size, size_t *offset, VALUE _value) \ { \ - io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset + sizeof(type)); \ + io_buffer_validate_type(size, *offset, sizeof(type)); \ type value = unwrap(_value); \ if (endian != RB_IO_BUFFER_HOST_ENDIAN) value = swap(value); \ memcpy((char*)base + *offset, &value, sizeof(type)); \ @@ -1887,6 +2000,11 @@ IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(U64, uint64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, RB_ULL2NUM, RB_NU IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(s64, int64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, RB_LL2NUM, RB_NUM2LL, ruby_swap64) IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(S64, int64_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, RB_LL2NUM, RB_NUM2LL, ruby_swap64) +IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(u128, rb_uint128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, rb_uint128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_uint128, ruby_swap128_uint) +IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(U128, rb_uint128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, rb_uint128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_uint128, ruby_swap128_uint) +IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(s128, rb_int128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, rb_int128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_int128, ruby_swap128_int) +IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(S128, rb_int128_t, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, rb_int128_to_numeric, rb_numeric_to_int128, ruby_swap128_int) + IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(f32, float, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf32) IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(F32, float, RB_IO_BUFFER_BIG_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf32) IO_BUFFER_DECLARE_TYPE(f64, double, RB_IO_BUFFER_LITTLE_ENDIAN, DBL2NUM, NUM2DBL, ruby_swapf64) @@ -1911,6 +2029,10 @@ io_buffer_buffer_type_size(ID buffer_type) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(U64) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(s64) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(S64) + IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(u128) + IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(U128) + IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(s128) + IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(S128) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(f32) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(F32) IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_SIZE(f64) @@ -1967,6 +2089,11 @@ rb_io_buffer_get_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(s64) IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(S64) + IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(u128) + IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(U128) + IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(s128) + IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(S128) + IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(f32) IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(F32) IO_BUFFER_GET_VALUE(f64) @@ -1996,6 +2123,10 @@ rb_io_buffer_get_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of * * +:U64+: unsigned integer, 8 bytes, big-endian * * +:s64+: signed integer, 8 bytes, little-endian * * +:S64+: signed integer, 8 bytes, big-endian + * * +:u128+: unsigned integer, 16 bytes, little-endian + * * +:U128+: unsigned integer, 16 bytes, big-endian + * * +:s128+: signed integer, 16 bytes, little-endian + * * +:S128+: signed integer, 16 bytes, big-endian * * +:f32+: float, 4 bytes, little-endian * * +:F32+: float, 4 bytes, big-endian * * +:f64+: double, 8 bytes, little-endian @@ -2177,7 +2308,7 @@ io_buffer_values(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) /* * call-seq: - * each_byte([offset, [count]]) {|offset, byte| ...} -> self + * each_byte([offset, [count]]) {|byte| ...} -> self * each_byte([offset, [count]]) -> enumerator * * Iterates over the buffer, yielding each byte starting from +offset+. @@ -2201,7 +2332,11 @@ io_buffer_each_byte(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) rb_io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(self, &base, &size); size_t offset, count; - io_buffer_extract_offset_count(RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_U8, size, argc-1, argv+1, &offset, &count); + io_buffer_extract_offset_count(RB_IO_BUFFER_DATA_TYPE_U8, size, argc, argv, &offset, &count); + + if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(offset, count, size)) { + rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Specified offset+count is bigger than the buffer size!"); + } for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { unsigned char *value = (unsigned char *)base + i + offset; @@ -2233,6 +2368,11 @@ rb_io_buffer_set_value(const void* base, size_t size, ID buffer_type, size_t *of IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(s64); IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(S64); + IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(u128); + IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(U128); + IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(s128); + IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(S128); + IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(f32); IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(F32); IO_BUFFER_SET_VALUE(f64); @@ -2330,8 +2470,32 @@ io_buffer_set_values(VALUE self, VALUE buffer_types, VALUE _offset, VALUE values return SIZET2NUM(offset); } +static size_t IO_BUFFER_BLOCKING_SIZE = 1024*1024; + +struct io_buffer_memmove_arguments { + unsigned char * destination; + const unsigned char * source; + size_t length; +}; + +static void * +io_buffer_memmove_blocking(void *data) +{ + struct io_buffer_memmove_arguments *arguments = (struct io_buffer_memmove_arguments *)data; + + memmove(arguments->destination, arguments->source, arguments->length); + + return NULL; +} + +static void +io_buffer_memmove_unblock(void *data) +{ + // No safe way to interrupt. +} + static void -io_buffer_memcpy(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, const void *source_base, size_t source_offset, size_t source_size, size_t length) +io_buffer_memmove(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, const void *source_base, size_t source_offset, size_t source_size, size_t length) { void *base; size_t size; @@ -2339,11 +2503,21 @@ io_buffer_memcpy(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, size_t offset, const void *source_ io_buffer_validate_range(buffer, offset, length); - if (source_offset + length > source_size) { + if (size_sum_is_bigger_than(source_offset, length, source_size)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "The computed source range exceeds the size of the source buffer!"); } - memcpy((unsigned char*)base+offset, (unsigned char*)source_base+source_offset, length); + struct io_buffer_memmove_arguments arguments = { + .destination = (unsigned char*)base+offset, + .source = (unsigned char*)source_base+source_offset, + .length = length + }; + + if (arguments.length >= IO_BUFFER_BLOCKING_SIZE) { + rb_nogvl(io_buffer_memmove_blocking, &arguments, io_buffer_memmove_unblock, &arguments, RB_NOGVL_OFFLOAD_SAFE); + } else if (arguments.length != 0) { + memmove(arguments.destination, arguments.source, arguments.length); + } } // (offset, length, source_offset) -> length @@ -2380,7 +2554,7 @@ io_buffer_copy_from(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, const void *source_base, size_t length = source_size - source_offset; } - io_buffer_memcpy(buffer, offset, source_base, source_offset, source_size, length); + io_buffer_memmove(buffer, offset, source_base, source_offset, source_size, length); return SIZET2NUM(length); } @@ -2415,7 +2589,9 @@ rb_io_buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE source) io_buffer_initialize(self, buffer, NULL, source_size, io_flags_for_size(source_size), Qnil); - return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, 0, NULL); + VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, 0, NULL); + RB_GC_GUARD(source); + return result; } /* @@ -2423,7 +2599,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE source) * copy(source, [offset, [length, [source_offset]]]) -> size * * Efficiently copy from a source IO::Buffer into the buffer, at +offset+ - * using +memcpy+. For copying String instances, see #set_string. + * using +memmove+. For copying String instances, see #set_string. * * buffer = IO::Buffer.new(32) * # => @@ -2441,13 +2617,14 @@ rb_io_buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE source) * * #copy can be used to put buffer into strings associated with buffer: * - * string= "buffer: " - * # => "buffer: " - * buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string) - * buffer.copy(IO::Buffer.for("test"), 5) + * string = "data: " + * # => "data: " + * buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string) do |buffer| + * buffer.copy(IO::Buffer.for("test"), 5) + * end * # => 4 * string - * # => "buffer:test" + * # => "data:test" * * Attempt to copy into a read-only buffer will fail: * @@ -2471,6 +2648,19 @@ rb_io_buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE source) * buffer = IO::Buffer.new(2) * buffer.copy(IO::Buffer.for('test'), 0) * # in `copy': Specified offset+length is bigger than the buffer size! (ArgumentError) + * + * It is safe to copy between memory regions that overlaps each other. + * In such case, the data is copied as if the data was first copied from the source buffer to + * a temporary buffer, and then copied from the temporary buffer to the destination buffer. + * + * buffer = IO::Buffer.new(10) + * buffer.set_string("0123456789") + * buffer.copy(buffer, 3, 7) + * # => 7 + * buffer + * # => + * # #<IO::Buffer 0x000056494f8ce440+10 INTERNAL> + * # 0x00000000 30 31 32 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 0120123456 */ static VALUE io_buffer_copy(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) @@ -2486,7 +2676,9 @@ io_buffer_copy(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) rb_io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(source, &source_base, &source_size); - return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1); + VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1); + RB_GC_GUARD(source); + return result; } /* @@ -2532,7 +2724,7 @@ io_buffer_get_string(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) * call-seq: set_string(string, [offset, [length, [source_offset]]]) -> size * * Efficiently copy from a source String into the buffer, at +offset+ using - * +memcpy+. + * +memmove+. * * buf = IO::Buffer.new(8) * # => @@ -2564,7 +2756,9 @@ io_buffer_set_string(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) const void *source_base = RSTRING_PTR(string); size_t source_size = RSTRING_LEN(string); - return io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1); + VALUE result = io_buffer_copy_from(buffer, source_base, source_size, argc-1, argv+1); + RB_GC_GUARD(string); + return result; } void @@ -2588,29 +2782,29 @@ rb_io_buffer_clear(VALUE self, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t length) * Fill buffer with +value+, starting with +offset+ and going for +length+ * bytes. * - * buffer = IO::Buffer.for('test') + * buffer = IO::Buffer.for('test').dup * # => - * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 SLICE> + * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 74 65 73 74 test * * buffer.clear * # => - * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 SLICE> + * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 00 00 00 00 .... * * buf.clear(1) # fill with 1 * # => - * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 SLICE> + * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 01 01 01 01 .... * * buffer.clear(2, 1, 2) # fill with 2, starting from offset 1, for 2 bytes * # => - * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 SLICE> + * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 01 02 02 01 .... * * buffer.clear(2, 1) # fill with 2, starting from offset 1 * # => - * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 SLICE> + * # <IO::Buffer 0x00007fca40087c38+4 INTERNAL> * # 0x00000000 01 02 02 02 .... */ static VALUE @@ -2657,10 +2851,10 @@ io_buffer_default_size(size_t page_size) } struct io_buffer_blocking_region_argument { + struct rb_io *io; struct rb_io_buffer *buffer; rb_blocking_function_t *function; void *data; - int descriptor; }; static VALUE @@ -2668,7 +2862,7 @@ io_buffer_blocking_region_begin(VALUE _argument) { struct io_buffer_blocking_region_argument *argument = (void*)_argument; - return rb_thread_io_blocking_region(argument->function, argument->data, argument->descriptor); + return rb_io_blocking_region(argument->io, argument->function, argument->data); } static VALUE @@ -2682,13 +2876,16 @@ io_buffer_blocking_region_ensure(VALUE _argument) } static VALUE -io_buffer_blocking_region(struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, rb_blocking_function_t *function, void *data, int descriptor) +io_buffer_blocking_region(VALUE io, struct rb_io_buffer *buffer, rb_blocking_function_t *function, void *data) { + struct rb_io *ioptr; + RB_IO_POINTER(io, ioptr); + struct io_buffer_blocking_region_argument argument = { + .io = ioptr, .buffer = buffer, .function = function, .data = data, - .descriptor = descriptor, }; // If the buffer is already locked, we can skip the ensure (unlock): @@ -2745,6 +2942,8 @@ io_buffer_read_internal(void *_argument) VALUE rb_io_buffer_read(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset) { + io = rb_io_get_io(io); + VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current(); if (scheduler != Qnil) { VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_read(scheduler, io, self, length, offset); @@ -2775,7 +2974,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_read(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset) .length = length, }; - return io_buffer_blocking_region(buffer, io_buffer_read_internal, &argument, descriptor); + return io_buffer_blocking_region(io, buffer, io_buffer_read_internal, &argument); } /* @@ -2862,6 +3061,8 @@ io_buffer_pread_internal(void *_argument) VALUE rb_io_buffer_pread(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t offset) { + io = rb_io_get_io(io); + VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current(); if (scheduler != Qnil) { VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_pread(scheduler, io, from, self, length, offset); @@ -2893,7 +3094,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_pread(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t of .offset = from, }; - return io_buffer_blocking_region(buffer, io_buffer_pread_internal, &argument, descriptor); + return io_buffer_blocking_region(io, buffer, io_buffer_pread_internal, &argument); } /* @@ -2982,6 +3183,8 @@ io_buffer_write_internal(void *_argument) VALUE rb_io_buffer_write(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset) { + io = rb_io_get_write_io(rb_io_get_io(io)); + VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current(); if (scheduler != Qnil) { VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_write(scheduler, io, self, length, offset); @@ -3012,7 +3215,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_write(VALUE self, VALUE io, size_t length, size_t offset) .length = length, }; - return io_buffer_blocking_region(buffer, io_buffer_write_internal, &argument, descriptor); + return io_buffer_blocking_region(io, buffer, io_buffer_write_internal, &argument); } /* @@ -3046,6 +3249,7 @@ io_buffer_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) return rb_io_buffer_write(self, io, length, offset); } + struct io_buffer_pwrite_internal_argument { // The file descriptor to write to: int descriptor; @@ -3091,6 +3295,8 @@ io_buffer_pwrite_internal(void *_argument) VALUE rb_io_buffer_pwrite(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t offset) { + io = rb_io_get_write_io(rb_io_get_io(io)); + VALUE scheduler = rb_fiber_scheduler_current(); if (scheduler != Qnil) { VALUE result = rb_fiber_scheduler_io_pwrite(scheduler, io, from, self, length, offset); @@ -3130,7 +3336,7 @@ rb_io_buffer_pwrite(VALUE self, VALUE io, rb_off_t from, size_t length, size_t o .offset = from, }; - return io_buffer_blocking_region(buffer, io_buffer_pwrite_internal, &argument, descriptor); + return io_buffer_blocking_region(io, buffer, io_buffer_pwrite_internal, &argument); } /* @@ -3172,14 +3378,14 @@ io_buffer_pwrite(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) } static inline void -io_buffer_check_mask(const struct rb_io_buffer *buffer) +io_buffer_check_mask_size(size_t size) { - if (buffer->size == 0) + if (size == 0) rb_raise(rb_eIOBufferMaskError, "Zero-length mask given!"); } static void -memory_and(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) +memory_and(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) { output[offset] = base[offset] & mask[offset % mask_size]; @@ -3207,19 +3413,27 @@ io_buffer_and(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + const void *base; + size_t size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size); + + const void *mask_base; + size_t mask_size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size); + + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size); - VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size)); + VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size)); struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer); - memory_and(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size); + memory_and(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size); return output; } static void -memory_or(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) +memory_or(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) { output[offset] = base[offset] | mask[offset % mask_size]; @@ -3247,19 +3461,27 @@ io_buffer_or(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + const void *base; + size_t size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size); + + const void *mask_base; + size_t mask_size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size); - VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size)); + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size); + + VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size)); struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer); - memory_or(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size); + memory_or(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size); return output; } static void -memory_xor(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) +memory_xor(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size, const unsigned char * restrict mask, size_t mask_size) { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) { output[offset] = base[offset] ^ mask[offset % mask_size]; @@ -3287,19 +3509,27 @@ io_buffer_xor(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + const void *base; + size_t size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size); + + const void *mask_base; + size_t mask_size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(mask_buffer, &mask_base, &mask_size); + + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_size); - VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size)); + VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size)); struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer); - memory_xor(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size, mask_buffer->base, mask_buffer->size); + memory_xor(output_buffer->base, base, size, mask_base, mask_size); return output; } static void -memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size) +memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, const unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size) { for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += 1) { output[offset] = ~base[offset]; @@ -3310,7 +3540,7 @@ memory_not(unsigned char * restrict output, unsigned char * restrict base, size_ * call-seq: * ~source -> io_buffer * - * Generate a new buffer the same size as the source by applying the binary NOT + * Generate a new buffer the same size as the source by applying the unary NOT * operation to the source. * * ~IO::Buffer.for("1234567890") @@ -3324,11 +3554,15 @@ io_buffer_not(VALUE self) struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, buffer); - VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, buffer->size, io_flags_for_size(buffer->size)); + const void *base; + size_t size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size); + + VALUE output = rb_io_buffer_new(NULL, size, io_flags_for_size(size)); struct rb_io_buffer *output_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(output, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, output_buffer); - memory_not(output_buffer->base, buffer->base, buffer->size); + memory_not(output_buffer->base, base, size); return output; } @@ -3340,7 +3574,7 @@ io_buffer_overlaps(const struct rb_io_buffer *a, const struct rb_io_buffer *b) return io_buffer_overlaps(b, a); } - return (b->base >= a->base) && (b->base <= (void*)((unsigned char *)a->base + a->size)); + return (b->base >= a->base) && (b->base < (void*)((unsigned char *)a->base + a->size)); } static inline void @@ -3384,7 +3618,7 @@ io_buffer_and_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size); io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer); void *base; @@ -3430,7 +3664,7 @@ io_buffer_or_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size); io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer); void *base; @@ -3476,7 +3710,7 @@ io_buffer_xor_inplace(VALUE self, VALUE mask) struct rb_io_buffer *mask_buffer = NULL; TypedData_Get_Struct(mask, struct rb_io_buffer, &rb_io_buffer_type, mask_buffer); - io_buffer_check_mask(mask_buffer); + io_buffer_check_mask_size(mask_buffer->size); io_buffer_check_overlaps(buffer, mask_buffer); void *base; @@ -3500,7 +3734,7 @@ memory_not_inplace(unsigned char * restrict base, size_t size) * call-seq: * source.not! -> io_buffer * - * Modify the source buffer in place by applying the binary NOT + * Modify the source buffer in place by applying the unary NOT * operation to the source. * * source = IO::Buffer.for("1234567890").dup # Make a read/write copy. @@ -3528,6 +3762,60 @@ io_buffer_not_inplace(VALUE self) return self; } +static size_t +memory_bit_count(const unsigned char *base, size_t size) +{ + size_t count = 0; + + // Process 8 bytes at a time for efficiency: + const uint64_t *base64 = (const uint64_t *)base; + size_t count64 = size / 8; + for (size_t i = 0; i < count64; i += 1) { + count += rb_popcount64(base64[i]); + } + + // Process any remaining bytes: + size_t remaining = size % 8; + const unsigned char *tail = base + (count64 * 8); + for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining; i += 1) { + count += rb_popcount32(tail[i]); + } + + return count; +} + +/* + * call-seq: bit_count([offset, [length]]) -> integer + * + * Returns the number of set bits (1s) in the buffer, also known as the + * Hamming weight or population count. An optional +offset+ and +length+ + * can be provided to count bits in a subrange of the buffer. + * + * IO::Buffer.for("\xFF\x00\x0F").bit_count + * # => 12 + * + * IO::Buffer.for("\xFF\x00\x0F").bit_count(1, 2) + * # => 4 + */ +static VALUE +io_buffer_bit_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) +{ + rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 2); + + size_t offset, length; + struct rb_io_buffer *buffer = io_buffer_extract_offset_length(self, argc, argv, &offset, &length); + + io_buffer_validate_range(buffer, offset, length); + + const void *base; + size_t size; + io_buffer_get_bytes_for_reading(buffer, &base, &size); + + size_t count = memory_bit_count((const unsigned char *)base + offset, length); + + return SIZET2NUM(count); +} + /* * Document-class: IO::Buffer * @@ -3571,34 +3859,32 @@ io_buffer_not_inplace(VALUE self) * * \Buffer from string: * - * string = 'buffer' - * buffer = IO::Buffer.for(string) - * # => - * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f02be9b18+4 SLICE> - * # ... - * buffer - * # => - * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f02be9b18+4 SLICE> - * # 0x00000000 64 61 74 61 buffer - * - * buffer.get_string(2) # read content starting from offset 2 - * # => "ta" - * buffer.set_string('---', 1) # write content, starting from offset 1 - * # => 3 - * buffer - * # => - * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f02be9b18+4 SLICE> - * # 0x00000000 64 2d 2d 2d d--- - * string # original string changed, too - * # => "d---" + * string = 'data' + * IO::Buffer.for(string) do |buffer| + * buffer + * # => + * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f02be9b18+4 SLICE> + * # 0x00000000 64 61 74 61 data + * + * buffer.get_string(2) # read content starting from offset 2 + * # => "ta" + * buffer.set_string('---', 1) # write content, starting from offset 1 + * # => 3 + * buffer + * # => + * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f02be9b18+4 SLICE> + * # 0x00000000 64 2d 2d 2d d--- + * string # original string changed, too + * # => "d---" + * end * * \Buffer from file: * - * File.write('test.txt', 'test buffer') + * File.write('test.txt', 'test data') * # => 9 - * buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt')) + * buffer = IO::Buffer.map(File.open('test.txt'), nil, 0, IO::Buffer::READONLY) * # => - * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f0768c000+9 MAPPED IMMUTABLE> + * # #<IO::Buffer 0x00007f3f0768c000+9 EXTERNAL MAPPED FILE SHARED READONLY> * # ... * buffer.get_string(5, 2) # read 2 bytes, starting from offset 5 * # => "da" @@ -3611,7 +3897,7 @@ io_buffer_not_inplace(VALUE self) * buffer.set_string('---', 1) * # => 3 -- bytes written * File.read('test.txt') - * # => "t--- buffer" + * # => "t--- data" * * <b>The class is experimental and the interface is subject to change, this * is especially true of file mappings which may be removed entirely in @@ -3747,6 +4033,11 @@ Init_IO_Buffer(void) IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(s64); IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(S64); + IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(u128); + IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(U128); + IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(s128); + IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(S128); + IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(f32); IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(F32); IO_BUFFER_DEFINE_DATA_TYPE(f64); @@ -3780,6 +4071,8 @@ Init_IO_Buffer(void) rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "xor!", io_buffer_xor_inplace, 1); rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "not!", io_buffer_not_inplace, 0); + rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "bit_count", io_buffer_bit_count, -1); + // IO operations: rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "read", io_buffer_read, -1); rb_define_method(rb_cIOBuffer, "pread", io_buffer_pread, -1); |