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diff --git a/internal/bignum.h b/internal/bignum.h
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+#ifndef INTERNAL_BIGNUM_H /*-*-C-*-vi:se ft=c:*/
+#define INTERNAL_BIGNUM_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @brief Internal header for Bignums.
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h" /* for HAVE_LIBGMP */
+#include "internal/compilers.h" /* for FLEX_ARY_LEN */
+#include <stddef.h> /* for size_t */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+# include <sys/types.h> /* for ssize_t (note: on Windows ssize_t is */
+#endif /* `#define`d in ruby/config.h) */
+
+#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h" /* for bool */
+#include "ruby/ruby.h" /* for struct RBasic */
+
+#ifndef BDIGIT
+# if SIZEOF_INT*2 <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define BDIGIT unsigned int
+# define SIZEOF_BDIGIT SIZEOF_INT
+# define BDIGIT_DBL unsigned LONG_LONG
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED LONG_LONG
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX ""
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX PRI_LL_PREFIX
+# elif SIZEOF_INT*2 <= SIZEOF_LONG
+# define BDIGIT unsigned int
+# define SIZEOF_BDIGIT SIZEOF_INT
+# define BDIGIT_DBL unsigned long
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED long
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX ""
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX "l"
+# elif SIZEOF_SHORT*2 <= SIZEOF_LONG
+# define BDIGIT unsigned short
+# define SIZEOF_BDIGIT SIZEOF_SHORT
+# define BDIGIT_DBL unsigned long
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED long
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX "h"
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX "l"
+# else
+# define BDIGIT unsigned short
+# define SIZEOF_BDIGIT (SIZEOF_LONG/2)
+# define SIZEOF_ACTUAL_BDIGIT SIZEOF_LONG
+# define BDIGIT_DBL unsigned long
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED long
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX "h"
+# define PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX "l"
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_ACTUAL_BDIGIT
+# define SIZEOF_ACTUAL_BDIGIT SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX
+# define PRIdBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIiBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"i"
+# define PRIoBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXBDIGIT PRI_BDIGIT_PREFIX"X"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX
+# define PRIdBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIiBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"i"
+# define PRIoBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXBDIGIT_DBL PRI_BDIGIT_DBL_PREFIX"X"
+#endif
+
+#define RBIGNUM(obj) ((struct RBignum *)(obj))
+#define BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT FL_USER1
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG ((VALUE)FL_USER2)
+
+/* This is likely more bits than we need today and will also need adjustment if
+ * we change GC slot sizes.
+ */
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS 9
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK \
+ (RUBY_FL_USER11 | RUBY_FL_USER10 | RUBY_FL_USER9 | RUBY_FL_USER8 | RUBY_FL_USER7 | \
+ RUBY_FL_USER6 | RUBY_FL_USER5 | RUBY_FL_USER4 | RUBY_FL_USER3)
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT \
+ (FL_USHIFT+3) /* bit offset of BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK */
+#define BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
+
+struct RBignum {
+ struct RBasic basic;
+ union {
+ struct {
+ size_t len;
+ BDIGIT *digits;
+ } heap;
+ /* This is a length 1 array because:
+ * 1. GCC has a bug that does not optimize C flexible array members
+ * (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=102452)
+ * 2. Zero length arrays are not supported by all compilers
+ */
+ BDIGIT ary[1];
+ } as;
+};
+
+/* bignum.c */
+extern const char ruby_digitmap[];
+extern const char ruby_decimal_digit_pairs[];
+double rb_big_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_uminus(VALUE x);
+VALUE rb_big_hash(VALUE);
+VALUE rb_big_odd_p(VALUE);
+VALUE rb_big_even_p(VALUE);
+size_t rb_big_size(VALUE);
+VALUE rb_integer_float_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_str_convert_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck, int raise_exception);
+VALUE rb_big_comp(VALUE x);
+VALUE rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_aref2(VALUE num, VALUE beg, VALUE len);
+VALUE rb_big_abs(VALUE x);
+VALUE rb_big_size_m(VALUE big);
+VALUE rb_big_bit_length(VALUE big);
+VALUE rb_big_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_int_powm(int const argc, VALUE * const argv, VALUE const num);
+VALUE rb_big_isqrt(VALUE n);
+static inline bool BIGNUM_SIGN(VALUE b);
+static inline bool BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(VALUE b);
+static inline bool BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(VALUE b);
+static inline void BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(VALUE b, bool sign);
+static inline void BIGNUM_NEGATE(VALUE b);
+static inline size_t BIGNUM_LEN(VALUE b);
+static inline BDIGIT *BIGNUM_DIGITS(VALUE b);
+static inline int BIGNUM_LENINT(VALUE b);
+static inline bool BIGNUM_EMBED_P(VALUE b);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+/* bignum.c (export) */
+VALUE rb_big_mul_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_mul_balance(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_mul_karatsuba(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_mul_toom3(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_sq_fast(VALUE x);
+VALUE rb_big_divrem_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big2str_poweroftwo(VALUE x, int base);
+VALUE rb_big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base);
+VALUE rb_str2big_poweroftwo(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck);
+VALUE rb_str2big_normal(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck);
+VALUE rb_str2big_karatsuba(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck);
+#if defined(HAVE_LIBGMP) && defined(HAVE_GMP_H)
+VALUE rb_big_mul_gmp(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big_divrem_gmp(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+VALUE rb_big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base);
+VALUE rb_str2big_gmp(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck);
+#endif
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG
+VALUE rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n);
+VALUE rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_INT128_T)
+VALUE rb_uint128t2big(uint128_t n);
+VALUE rb_int128t2big(int128_t n);
+#endif
+
+/* sign: positive:1, negative:0 */
+static inline bool
+BIGNUM_SIGN(VALUE b)
+{
+ return FL_TEST_RAW(b, BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(VALUE b)
+{
+ return BIGNUM_SIGN(b);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(VALUE b)
+{
+ return ! BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(b);
+}
+
+static inline void
+BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(VALUE b, bool sign)
+{
+ if (sign) {
+ FL_SET_RAW(b, BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT);
+ }
+ else {
+ FL_UNSET_RAW(b, BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT);
+ }
+}
+
+static inline void
+BIGNUM_NEGATE(VALUE b)
+{
+ FL_REVERSE_RAW(b, BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT);
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+BIGNUM_LEN(VALUE b)
+{
+ if (! BIGNUM_EMBED_P(b)) {
+ return RBIGNUM(b)->as.heap.len;
+ }
+ else {
+ size_t ret = RBASIC(b)->flags;
+ ret &= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK;
+ ret >>= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;
+ return ret;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline int
+BIGNUM_LENINT(VALUE b)
+{
+ return rb_long2int(BIGNUM_LEN(b));
+}
+
+/* LSB:BIGNUM_DIGITS(b)[0], MSB:BIGNUM_DIGITS(b)[BIGNUM_LEN(b)-1] */
+static inline BDIGIT *
+BIGNUM_DIGITS(VALUE b)
+{
+ if (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(b)) {
+ return RBIGNUM(b)->as.ary;
+ }
+ else {
+ return RBIGNUM(b)->as.heap.digits;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline bool
+BIGNUM_EMBED_P(VALUE b)
+{
+ return FL_TEST_RAW(b, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
+}
+
+#endif /* INTERNAL_BIGNUM_H */