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-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/assume.h56
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h161
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/bool.h36
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h37
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h131
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/limits.h99
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h73
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/r_cast.h32
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h36
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h30
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h69
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/classext.h18
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp671
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/rubyio.h6
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h47
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/st.h6
-rw-r--r--include/ruby/backward/util.h6
17 files changed, 1431 insertions, 83 deletions
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/assume.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d148710127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/assume.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_ASSUME_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_ASSUME_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines #ASSUME / #RB_LIKELY / #UNREACHABLE
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/assume.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/has/builtin.h"
+
+#define ASSUME RBIMPL_ASSUME /**< @old{RBIMPL_ASSUME} */
+#define UNREACHABLE RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE() /**< @old{RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE} */
+#define UNREACHABLE_RETURN RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN /**< @old{RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN} */
+
+/* likely */
+#if RBIMPL_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect)
+/**
+ * Asserts that the given Boolean expression likely holds.
+ *
+ * @param x An expression that likely holds.
+ *
+ * @note Consider this macro carefully. It has been here since when CPUs were
+ * like babies, but contemporary processors are beasts. They are
+ * smarter than mare mortals like us today. Their branch predictions
+ * highly expectedly outperform your use of this macro.
+ */
+# define RB_LIKELY(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that the given Boolean expression likely doesn't hold.
+ *
+ * @param x An expression that likely doesn't hold.
+ */
+# define RB_UNLIKELY(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0))
+#else
+# define RB_LIKELY(x) (x)
+# define RB_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_ASSUME_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..916d9e9d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/attributes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_ATTRIBUTES_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_ATTRIBUTES_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Various attribute-related macros.
+ *
+ * ### Q&A ###
+ *
+ * - Q: Why are the macros defined in this header file so inconsistent in
+ * style?
+ *
+ * - A: Don't know. Don't blame me. Backward compatibility is the key here.
+ * I'm just preserving what they have been.
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/alloc_size.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/cold.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/const.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/error.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/forceinline.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/format.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/maybe_unused.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/noinline.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/pure.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/restrict.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/attr/warning.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/has/attribute.h"
+
+/* function attributes */
+#undef CONSTFUNC
+#define CONSTFUNC(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST() x
+
+#undef PUREFUNC
+#define PUREFUNC(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE() x
+
+#undef DEPRECATED
+#define DEPRECATED(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("")) x
+
+#undef DEPRECATED_BY
+#define DEPRECATED_BY(n,x) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: " # n)) x
+
+#undef DEPRECATED_TYPE
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+# define DEPRECATED_TYPE(mesg, decl) \
+ _Pragma("message \"DEPRECATED_TYPE is deprecated\""); \
+ decl RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(mseg)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+# pragma deprecated(DEPRECATED_TYPE)
+# define DEPRECATED_TYPE(mesg, decl) \
+ __pragma(message(__FILE__"("STRINGIZE(__LINE__)"): warning: " \
+ "DEPRECATED_TYPE is deprecated")) \
+ decl RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(mseg)
+#else
+# define DEPRECATED_TYPE(mesg, decl) \
+ <-<-"DEPRECATED_TYPE is deprecated"->->
+#endif
+
+#undef RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED
+#define RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED(mseg) RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED((mseg))
+
+#undef NOINLINE
+#define NOINLINE(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_NOINLINE() x
+
+#undef ALWAYS_INLINE
+#define ALWAYS_INLINE(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_FORCEINLINE() x
+
+#undef ERRORFUNC
+#define ERRORFUNC(mesg, x) RBIMPL_ATTR_ERROR(mesg) x
+#if RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(error)
+# define HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_ERRORFUNC 1
+#endif
+
+#undef WARNINGFUNC
+#define WARNINGFUNC(mesg, x) RBIMPL_ATTR_WARNING(mesg) x
+#if RBIMPL_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(warning)
+# define HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_WARNINGFUNC 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+ cold attribute for code layout improvements
+ RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE not used because MSVC does not like nested func macros
+ */
+#undef COLDFUNC
+#define COLDFUNC RBIMPL_ATTR_COLD()
+
+#define PRINTF_ARGS(decl, string_index, first_to_check) \
+ RBIMPL_ATTR_FORMAT(RBIMPL_PRINTF_FORMAT, (string_index), (first_to_check)) \
+ decl
+
+#undef RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE
+#define RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE RBIMPL_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE
+
+#undef RUBY_ATTR_MALLOC
+#define RUBY_ATTR_MALLOC RBIMPL_ATTR_RESTRICT()
+
+#undef RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#define RUBY_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL RBIMPL_ATTR_RETURNS_NONNULL()
+
+#ifndef FUNC_MINIMIZED
+#define FUNC_MINIMIZED(x) x
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FUNC_UNOPTIMIZED
+#define FUNC_UNOPTIMIZED(x) x
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE
+#define RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(type, prot, name, args) \
+ FUNC_MINIMIZED(type prot) {return (type)name args;}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID
+#define RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID(prot, name, args) \
+ FUNC_MINIMIZED(void prot) {name args;}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION
+#define RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION(prot, name, args) \
+ RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(VALUE, prot, name, args)
+#endif
+
+#undef RUBY_FUNC_NONNULL
+#define RUBY_FUNC_NONNULL(n, x) RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(n) x
+
+#undef NORETURN
+#define NORETURN(x) RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN() x
+#define NORETURN_STYLE_NEW
+
+#undef PACKED_STRUCT
+#define PACKED_STRUCT(x) \
+ RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_BEGIN() x RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_END()
+
+#undef PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED
+#define PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED(x) \
+ RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED_BEGIN() x \
+ RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED_END()
+
+#undef RB_UNUSED_VAR
+#define RB_UNUSED_VAR(x) x RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_ATTRIBUTES_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/bool.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2fa390c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/bool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_BOOL_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_BOOL_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines old TRUE / FALSE
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
+
+#ifndef FALSE
+# define FALSE false
+#elif FALSE
+# error FALSE must be false
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+# define TRUE true
+#elif ! TRUE
+# error TRUE must be true
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_BOOL_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00cc40ca56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_GCC_VERSION_SINCE_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_GCC_VERSION_SINCE_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines old GCC_VERSION_SINCE
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/compiler_since.h"
+
+#ifndef GCC_VERSION_SINCE
+#define GCC_VERSION_SINCE(x, y, z) RBIMPL_COMPILER_SINCE(GCC, (x), (y), (z))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GCC_VERSION_BEFORE
+#define GCC_VERSION_BEFORE(x, y, z) \
+ (RBIMPL_COMPILER_BEFORE(GCC, (x), (y), (z)) || \
+ (RBIMPL_COMPILER_IS(GCC) && \
+ ((RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MAJOR == (x)) && \
+ ((RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_MINOR == (y)) && \
+ (RBIMPL_COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH == (z))))))
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_GCC_VERSION_SINCE_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45460878bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/inttypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_INTTYPES_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_INTTYPES_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief C99 shim for `<inttypes.h>`
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h" /* PRI_LL_PREFIX etc. are here */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+# include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/internal/value.h" /* PRI_VALUE_PREFIX is here. */
+
+#ifndef PRI_INT_PREFIX
+# define PRI_INT_PREFIX ""
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRI_LONG_PREFIX
+# define PRI_LONG_PREFIX "l"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRI_SHORT_PREFIX
+# define PRI_SHORT_PREFIX "h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_64_PREFIX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+# define PRI_64_PREFIX PRI_LONG_PREFIX
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == 8
+# define PRI_64_PREFIX PRI_LL_PREFIX
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIdPTR
+# define PRIdPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIiPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"i"
+# define PRIoPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXPTR PRI_PTR_PREFIX"X"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK
+# define RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK "\v"
+#endif
+
+#if defined PRIdPTR && !defined PRI_VALUE_PREFIX
+# define PRIdVALUE PRIdPTR
+# define PRIoVALUE PRIoPTR
+# define PRIuVALUE PRIuPTR
+# define PRIxVALUE PRIxPTR
+# define PRIXVALUE PRIXPTR
+# define PRIsVALUE PRIiPTR"" RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK
+#else
+# define PRIdVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIoVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"X"
+# define PRIsVALUE PRI_VALUE_PREFIX"i" RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRI_VALUE_PREFIX
+# define PRI_VALUE_PREFIX ""
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_TIMET_PREFIX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == SIZEOF_INT
+# define PRI_TIMET_PREFIX
+#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define PRI_TIMET_PREFIX "l"
+#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define PRI_TIMET_PREFIX PRI_LL_PREFIX
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T == SIZEOF_INT
+# define PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX ""
+#elif SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX "l"
+#elif SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX PRI_LL_PREFIX
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIdPTRDIFF
+# define PRIdPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIiPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"i"
+# define PRIoPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXPTRDIFF PRI_PTRDIFF_PREFIX"X"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PRI_SIZE_PREFIX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_INT
+# define PRI_SIZE_PREFIX ""
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define PRI_SIZE_PREFIX "l"
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define PRI_SIZE_PREFIX PRI_LL_PREFIX
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIdSIZE
+# define PRIdSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"d"
+# define PRIiSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"i"
+# define PRIoSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"o"
+# define PRIuSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u"
+# define PRIxSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"x"
+# define PRIXSIZE PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"X"
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_INTTYPES_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/limits.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f7021e5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/limits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_LIMITS_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_LIMITS_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Historical shim for `<limits.h>`.
+ *
+ * The macros in this header file are obsolescent. Does anyone really need our
+ * own definition of `CHAR_BIT` today?
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+# include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/backward/2/long_long.h"
+
+#ifndef LONG_MAX
+# /* assuming 32bit(2's complement) long */
+# define LONG_MAX 2147483647L
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LONG_MIN
+# define LONG_MIN (-LONG_MAX-1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CHAR_BIT
+# define CHAR_BIT 8
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LLONG_MAX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif defined(LONG_LONG_MAX)
+# define LLONG_MAX LONG_LONG_MAX
+#elif defined(_I64_MAX)
+# define LLONG_MAX _I64_MAX
+#else
+# /* assuming 64bit(2's complement) long long */
+# define LLONG_MAX 9223372036854775807LL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LLONG_MIN
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif defined(LONG_LONG_MIN)
+# define LLONG_MIN LONG_LONG_MIN
+#elif defined(_I64_MAX)
+# define LLONG_MIN _I64_MIN
+#else
+# define LLONG_MIN (-LLONG_MAX-1)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SIZE_MAX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define SIZE_MAX ULLONG_MAX
+# define SIZE_MIN ULLONG_MIN
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define SIZE_MAX ULONG_MAX
+# define SIZE_MIN ULONG_MIN
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_INT
+# define SIZE_MAX UINT_MAX
+# define SIZE_MIN UINT_MIN
+#else
+# define SIZE_MAX USHRT_MAX
+# define SIZE_MIN USHRT_MIN
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SSIZE_MAX
+# /* Take that. */
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define SSIZE_MAX LLONG_MAX
+# define SSIZE_MIN LLONG_MIN
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+# define SSIZE_MAX LONG_MAX
+# define SSIZE_MIN LONG_MIN
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_INT
+# define SSIZE_MAX INT_MAX
+# define SSIZE_MIN INT_MIN
+#else
+# define SSIZE_MAX SHRT_MAX
+# define SSIZE_MIN SHRT_MIN
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_LIMITS_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e6b2743fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/long_long.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_LONG_LONG_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_LONG_LONG_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines old #LONG_LONG
+ *
+ * No known compiler that can compile today's ruby lacks long long.
+ * Historically MSVC was one of such compiler, but it implemented long long a
+ * while ago (some time back in 2013). The macros are for backwards
+ * compatibility only.
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/has/warning.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/warning_push.h"
+
+#if defined(__DOXYGEN__)
+# /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
+# define HAVE_LONG_LONG 1
+# define HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG 1
+# /** @endcond */
+# /** @deprecated Just use `long long` directly. */
+# define LONG_LONG long long.
+
+#elif RBIMPL_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++11-long-long")
+# define HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG 1
+# define LONG_LONG \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH() \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wc++11-long-long) \
+ long long \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_POP()
+
+#elif RBIMPL_HAS_WARNING("-Wlong-long")
+# define HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG 1
+# define LONG_LONG \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_PUSH() \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wlong-long) \
+ long long \
+ RBIMPL_WARNING_POP()
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG)
+# define HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG 1
+# define LONG_LONG long long
+
+#elif SIZEOF___INT64 > 0
+# define HAVE_LONG_LONG 1
+# define LONG_LONG __int64
+# undef SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# define SIZEOF_LONG_LONG SIZEOF___INT64
+
+#else
+# error Hello! Ruby developers believe this message must not happen.
+# error If you encounter this message, can you file a bug report?
+# error Remember to attach a detailed description of your environment.
+# error Thank you!
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RBIMPL_BACKWARD2_LONG_LONG_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/r_cast.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/r_cast.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d0f40fd1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/r_cast.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_R_CAST_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_R_CAST_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines old R_CAST
+ *
+ * Nobody is actively using this macro.
+ */
+#define R_CAST(st) (struct st*)
+#define RMOVED(obj) (R_CAST(RMoved)(obj))
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+# warning R_CAST and RMOVED are deprecated
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+# pragma message("warning: R_CAST and RMOVED are deprecated")
+#endif
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_R_CAST_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76c0936462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/rmodule.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_RMODULE_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_RMODULE_H
+/**
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Orphan macros.
+ *
+ * These macros seems broken since at least 2011. Nobody (except ruby itself
+ * who is implementing the internals) could have used those macros for a while.
+ * Kept public as-is here to keep some theoretical backwards compatibility.
+ */
+#define RMODULE_IV_TBL(m) RCLASS_FIELDS(m)
+#define RMODULE_CONST_TBL(m) RCLASS_CONST_TBL(m)
+#define RMODULE_M_TBL(m) RCLASS_M_TBL(m)
+#define RMODULE_SUPER(m) RCLASS_SUPER(m)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+# warning RMODULE_* macros are deprecated
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+# pragma message("warning: RMODULE_* macros are deprecated")
+#endif
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_RMODULE_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b491bf564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/stdalign.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDALIGN_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDALIGN_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines #RUBY_ALIGNAS / #RUBY_ALIGNOF
+ */
+#include "ruby/internal/stdalign.h"
+
+#undef RUBY_ALIGNAS
+#undef RUBY_ALIGNOF
+#define RUBY_ALIGNAS RBIMPL_ALIGNAS /**< @copydoc RBIMPL_ALIGNAS */
+#define RUBY_ALIGNOF RBIMPL_ALIGNOF /**< @copydoc RBIMPL_ALIGNOF */
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDALIGN_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h b/include/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08659fee47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDARG_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDARG_H
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
+ * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+ * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+ * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+ * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
+ * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
+ * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
+ * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
+ * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
+ * anytime at will.
+ * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
+ * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
+ * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
+ * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
+ * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
+ * @brief Defines old #_
+ *
+ * Nobody should ever use these macros any longer. No known compilers lack
+ * prototypes today. It's 21st century. Just forget them.
+ */
+
+#undef _
+/**
+ * @deprecated Nobody practically needs this macro any longer.
+ * @brief This was a transition path from K&R to ANSI.
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_PROTOTYPES
+# define _(args) args
+#else
+# define _(args) ()
+#endif
+
+#undef __
+/**
+ * @deprecated Nobody practically needs this macro any longer.
+ * @brief This was a transition path from K&R to ANSI.
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+# define __(args) args
+#else
+# define __(args) ()
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Functions declared using this macro take arbitrary arguments, including
+ * void.
+ *
+ * ```CXX
+ * void func(ANYARGS);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This was a necessary evil when there was no such thing like function
+ * overloading. But it is the 21st century today. People generally need not
+ * use this. Just use a granular typed function.
+ *
+ * @see ruby::backward::cxxanyargs
+ */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define ANYARGS ...
+#else
+#define ANYARGS
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD2_STDARG_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/classext.h b/include/ruby/backward/classext.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d5747316a..0000000000
--- a/include/ruby/backward/classext.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#if defined __GNUC__
-#warning use of RClass internals is deprecated
-#elif defined _MSC_VER
-#pragma message("warning: use of RClass internals is deprecated")
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD_CLASSEXT_H
-#define RUBY_BACKWARD_CLASSEXT_H 1
-
-typedef struct rb_deprecated_classext_struct {
- VALUE super;
-} rb_deprecated_classext_t;
-
-#undef RCLASS_SUPER(c)
-#define RCLASS_EXT(c) ((rb_deprecated_classext_t *)RCLASS(c)->ptr)
-#define RCLASS_SUPER(c) (RCLASS(c)->super)
-
-#endif /* RUBY_BACKWARD_CLASSEXT_H */
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp b/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ca2745c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ruby/backward/cxxanyargs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_BACKWARD_CXXANYARGS_HPP //-*-C++-*-vi:ft=cpp
+#define RUBY_BACKWARD_CXXANYARGS_HPP
+/// @file
+/// @author @shyouhei
+/// @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
+/// Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
+/// modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
+/// file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
+/// @note DO NOT MODERNISE THIS FILE! As the file name implies it is
+/// meant to be a backwards compatibility shim. Please stick to
+/// C++ 98 and never use newer features, like `constexpr`.
+/// @brief Provides old prototypes for C++ programs.
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/class.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/cont.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/hash.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/proc.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/thread.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/variable.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/intern/vm.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/iterator.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/method.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/variable.h"
+#include "ruby/backward/2/stdarg.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+
+extern "C++" {
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
+#include <cstddef>
+#endif
+
+/// @brief The main namespace.
+/// @note The name "ruby" might already be taken, but that must not be a
+/// problem because namespaces are allowed to reopen.
+namespace ruby {
+
+/// Backwards compatibility layer.
+namespace backward {
+
+/// Provides ANYARGS deprecation warnings. In C, ANYARGS means there is no
+/// function prototype. Literally anything, even including nothing, can be a
+/// valid ANYARGS. So passing a correctly prototyped function pointer to an
+/// ANYARGS-ed function parameter is valid, at the same time passing an
+/// ANYARGS-ed function pointer to a granular typed function parameter is also
+/// valid. However on the other hand in C++, ANYARGS doesn't actually mean any
+/// number of arguments. C++'s ANYARGS means _variadic_ number of arguments.
+/// This is incompatible with ordinal, correct function prototypes.
+///
+/// Luckily, function prototypes being distinct each other means they can be
+/// overloaded. We can provide a compatibility layer for older Ruby APIs which
+/// used to have ANYARGS. This namespace includes such attempts.
+namespace cxxanyargs {
+
+typedef VALUE type(ANYARGS); ///< ANYARGS-ed function type.
+typedef void void_type(ANYARGS); ///< ANYARGS-ed function type, void variant.
+typedef int int_type(ANYARGS); ///< ANYARGS-ed function type, int variant.
+typedef VALUE onearg_type(VALUE); ///< Single-argumented function type.
+
+/// @name Hooking global variables
+/// @{
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Define a function-backended global variable.
+/// @param[in] q Name of the variable.
+/// @param[in] w Getter function.
+/// @param[in] e Setter function.
+/// @note Both functions can be nullptr.
+/// @see rb_define_hooked_variable()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, type *w, void_type *e)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *r = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t*>(w);
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *t = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t*>(e);
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, r, t);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, rb_gvar_getter_t *w, void_type *e)
+{
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *t = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t*>(e);
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, w, t);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, type *w, rb_gvar_setter_t *e)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *r = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t*>(w);
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, r, e);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, rb_gvar_getter_t *w, std::nullptr_t e)
+{
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, w, e);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, type *w, std::nullptr_t e)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *r = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t *>(w);
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, r, e);
+}
+
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, std::nullptr_t w, rb_gvar_setter_t *e)
+{
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, w, e);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *q, std::nullptr_t w, void_type *e)
+{
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *r = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t *>(e);
+ ::rb_define_virtual_variable(q, w, r);
+}
+#endif
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Define a function-backended global variable.
+/// @param[in] q Name of the variable.
+/// @param[in] w Variable storage.
+/// @param[in] e Getter function.
+/// @param[in] r Setter function.
+/// @note Both functions can be nullptr.
+/// @see rb_define_virtual_variable()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, type *e, void_type *r)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *t = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t*>(e);
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *y = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t*>(r);
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, t, y);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, rb_gvar_getter_t *e, void_type *r)
+{
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *y = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t*>(r);
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, e, y);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, type *e, rb_gvar_setter_t *r)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *t = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t*>(e);
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, t, r);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, rb_gvar_getter_t *e, std::nullptr_t r)
+{
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, e, r);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, type *e, std::nullptr_t r)
+{
+ rb_gvar_getter_t *y = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_getter_t *>(e);
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, y, r);
+}
+
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, std::nullptr_t e, rb_gvar_setter_t *r)
+{
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, e, r);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+inline void
+rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *q, VALUE *w, std::nullptr_t e, void_type *r)
+{
+ rb_gvar_setter_t *y = reinterpret_cast<rb_gvar_setter_t *>(r);
+ ::rb_define_hooked_variable(q, w, e, y);
+}
+#endif
+
+/// @}
+/// @name Exceptions and tag jumps
+/// @{
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Call a method with a block.
+/// @param[in] q The self.
+/// @param[in] w The method.
+/// @param[in] e The # of elems of `r`
+/// @param[in] r The arguments.
+/// @param[in] t What is to be yielded.
+/// @param[in] y Passed to `t`
+/// @return Return value of `q#w(*r,&t)`
+/// @note 't' can be nullptr.
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_block_call(VALUE q, ID w, int e, const VALUE *r, type *t, VALUE y)
+{
+ rb_block_call_func_t u = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(t);
+ return ::rb_block_call(q, w, e, r, u, y);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
+inline VALUE
+rb_block_call(VALUE q, ID w, int e, const VALUE *r, std::nullptr_t t, VALUE y)
+{
+ return ::rb_block_call(q, w, e, r, t, y);
+}
+#endif
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief An equivalent of `rescue` clause.
+/// @param[in] q A function that can raise.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @param[in] e A function that cleans-up.
+/// @param[in] r Passed to `e`.
+/// @return The return value of `q` if no exception occurs, or the return
+/// value of `e` if otherwise.
+/// @note `e` can be nullptr.
+/// @see rb_ensure()
+/// @see rb_rescue2()
+/// @see rb_protect()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_rescue(type *q, VALUE w, type *e, VALUE r)
+{
+ typedef VALUE func1_t(VALUE);
+ typedef VALUE func2_t(VALUE, VALUE);
+ func1_t *t = reinterpret_cast<func1_t*>(q);
+ func2_t *y = reinterpret_cast<func2_t*>(e);
+ return ::rb_rescue(t, w, y, r);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief An equivalent of `rescue` clause.
+/// @param[in] q A function that can raise.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @param[in] e A function that cleans-up.
+/// @param[in] r Passed to `e`.
+/// @param[in] ... 0-terminated list of subclass of @ref rb_eException.
+/// @return The return value of `q` if no exception occurs, or the return
+/// value of `e` if otherwise.
+/// @note `e` can be nullptr.
+/// @see rb_ensure()
+/// @see rb_rescue()
+/// @see rb_protect()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_rescue2(type *q, VALUE w, type *e, VALUE r, ...)
+{
+ typedef VALUE func1_t(VALUE);
+ typedef VALUE func2_t(VALUE, VALUE);
+ func1_t *t = reinterpret_cast<func1_t*>(q);
+ func2_t *y = reinterpret_cast<func2_t*>(e);
+ va_list ap;
+ va_start(ap, r);
+ VALUE ret = ::rb_vrescue2(t, w, y, r, ap);
+ va_end(ap);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief An equivalent of `ensure` clause.
+/// @param[in] q A function that can raise.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @param[in] e A function that ensures.
+/// @param[in] r Passed to `e`.
+/// @return The return value of `q`.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to `e`.
+/// @see rb_rescue()
+/// @see rb_rescue2()
+/// @see rb_protect()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_ensure(type *q, VALUE w, type *e, VALUE r)
+{
+ typedef VALUE func1_t(VALUE);
+ func1_t *t = reinterpret_cast<func1_t*>(q);
+ func1_t *y = reinterpret_cast<func1_t*>(e);
+ return ::rb_ensure(t, w, y, r);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief An equivalent of `Kernel#catch`.
+/// @param[in] q The "tag" string.
+/// @param[in] w A function that can throw.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @return What was thrown.
+/// @note `q` can be a nullptr but makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see rb_block_call()
+/// @see rb_protect()
+/// @see rb_rb_catch_obj()
+/// @see rb_rescue()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_catch(const char *q, type *w, VALUE e)
+{
+ rb_block_call_func_t r = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(w);
+ return ::rb_catch(q, r, e);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NULLPTR
+inline VALUE
+rb_catch(const char *q, std::nullptr_t w, VALUE e)
+{
+ return ::rb_catch(q, w, e);
+}
+#endif
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief An equivalent of `Kernel#catch`.
+/// @param[in] q The "tag" object.
+/// @param[in] w A function that can throw.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @return What was thrown.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see rb_block_call()
+/// @see rb_protect()
+/// @see rb_rb_catch_obj()
+/// @see rb_rescue()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_catch_obj(VALUE q, type *w, VALUE e)
+{
+ rb_block_call_func_t r = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(w);
+ return ::rb_catch_obj(q, r, e);
+}
+
+/// @}
+/// @name Procs, Fibers and Threads
+/// @{
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Creates a rb_cFiber instance.
+/// @param[in] q The fiber body.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @return What was allocated.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`q`.
+/// @see rb_proc_new()
+/// @see rb_thread_create()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_fiber_new(type *q, VALUE w)
+{
+ rb_block_call_func_t e = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(q);
+ return ::rb_fiber_new(e, w);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Creates a @ref rb_cProc instance.
+/// @param[in] q The proc body.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @return What was allocated.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`q`.
+/// @see rb_fiber_new()
+/// @see rb_thread_create()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_proc_new(type *q, VALUE w)
+{
+ rb_block_call_func_t e = reinterpret_cast<rb_block_call_func_t>(q);
+ return ::rb_proc_new(e, w);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Creates a @ref rb_cThread instance.
+/// @param[in] q The thread body.
+/// @param[in] w Passed to `q`.
+/// @return What was allocated.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`q`.
+/// @see rb_proc_new()
+/// @see rb_fiber_new()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline VALUE
+rb_thread_create(type *q, void *w)
+{
+ typedef VALUE ptr_t(void*);
+ ptr_t *e = reinterpret_cast<ptr_t*>(q);
+ return ::rb_thread_create(e, w);
+}
+
+/// @}
+/// @name Hash and st_table
+/// @{
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Iteration over the given table.
+/// @param[in] q A table to scan.
+/// @param[in] w A function to iterate.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @retval 0 Always returns 0.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see st_foreach_check()
+/// @see rb_hash_foreach()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline int
+st_foreach(st_table *q, int_type *w, st_data_t e)
+{
+ st_foreach_callback_func *r =
+ reinterpret_cast<st_foreach_callback_func*>(w);
+ return ::st_foreach(q, r, e);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Iteration over the given table.
+/// @param[in] q A table to scan.
+/// @param[in] w A function to iterate.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @retval 0 Successful end of iteration.
+/// @retval 1 Element removed during traversing.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see st_foreach()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline int
+st_foreach_check(st_table *q, int_type *w, st_data_t e, st_data_t)
+{
+ st_foreach_check_callback_func *t =
+ reinterpret_cast<st_foreach_check_callback_func*>(w);
+ return ::st_foreach_check(q, t, e, 0);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Iteration over the given table.
+/// @param[in] q A table to scan.
+/// @param[in] w A function to iterate.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see st_foreach_check()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline void
+st_foreach_safe(st_table *q, int_type *w, st_data_t e)
+{
+ st_foreach_callback_func *r =
+ reinterpret_cast<st_foreach_callback_func*>(w);
+ ::st_foreach_safe(q, r, e);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Iteration over the given hash.
+/// @param[in] q A hash to scan.
+/// @param[in] w A function to iterate.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see st_foreach()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline void
+rb_hash_foreach(VALUE q, int_type *w, VALUE e)
+{
+ st_foreach_callback_func *r =
+ reinterpret_cast<st_foreach_callback_func*>(w);
+ ::rb_hash_foreach(q, r, e);
+}
+
+RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("Use of ANYARGS in this function is deprecated")
+/// @brief Iteration over each instance variable of the object.
+/// @param[in] q An object.
+/// @param[in] w A function to iterate.
+/// @param[in] e Passed to `w`.
+/// @note It makes no sense to pass nullptr to`w`.
+/// @see st_foreach()
+/// @deprecated Use granular typed overload instead.
+inline void
+rb_ivar_foreach(VALUE q, int_type *w, VALUE e)
+{
+ st_foreach_callback_func *r =
+ reinterpret_cast<st_foreach_callback_func*>(w);
+ ::rb_ivar_foreach(q, r, e);
+}
+
+/// @}
+
+/// Driver for *_define_method. ::rb_define_method function for instance takes
+/// a pointer to ANYARGS-ed functions, which in fact varies 18 different
+/// prototypes. We still need to preserve ANYARGS for storages but why not
+/// check the consistencies if possible. In C++ a function has its own
+/// prototype, which is a compile-time constant (static type) by nature. We
+/// can list up all the possible input types and provide warnings for other
+/// cases. This is such attempt.
+namespace define_method {
+
+/// Type of ::rb_f_notimplement().
+typedef VALUE notimpl_type(int, const VALUE *, VALUE, VALUE);
+
+/// @brief Template metaprogramming to generate function prototypes.
+/// @tparam T Type of method id (`ID` or `const char*` in practice).
+/// @tparam F Definition driver e.g. ::rb_define_method.
+template<typename T, void (*F)(VALUE klass, T mid, type *func, int arity)>
+struct driver {
+
+ /// @brief Defines a method
+ /// @tparam N Arity of the function.
+ /// @tparam U The function in question
+ template<int N, typename U>
+ struct engine {
+
+ /* :TODO: Following deprecation attribute renders tons of warnings (one
+ * per every method definitions), which is annoying. Of course
+ * annoyance is the core feature of deprecation warnings... But that
+ * could be too much, especially when the warnings happen inside of
+ * machine-generated programs. And SWIG is known to do such thing.
+ * The new (granular) API was introduced in API version 2.7. As of
+ * this writing the version is 2.8. Let's warn this later, some time
+ * during 3.x. Hopefully codes in old (ANYARGS-ed) format should be
+ * less than now. */
+ RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("use of ANYARGS is deprecated")
+ /// @copydoc define(VALUE klass, T mid, U func)
+ /// @deprecated Pass correctly typed function instead.
+ static inline void
+ define(VALUE klass, T mid, type func)
+ {
+ F(klass, mid, func, N);
+ }
+
+ /// @brief Defines klass#mid as func, whose arity is N.
+ /// @param[in] klass Where the method lives.
+ /// @param[in] mid Name of the method to define.
+ /// @param[in] func Function that implements klass#mid.
+ static inline void
+ define(VALUE klass, T mid, U func)
+ {
+ F(klass, mid, reinterpret_cast<type *>(func), N);
+ }
+
+ /// @copydoc define(VALUE klass, T mid, U func)
+ static inline void
+ define(VALUE klass, T mid, notimpl_type func)
+ {
+ F(klass, mid, reinterpret_cast<type *>(func), N);
+ }
+ };
+
+ /// @cond INTERNAL_MACRO
+ template<int N, bool = false> struct specific : public engine<N, type *> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<15, b> : public engine<15, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<14, b> : public engine<14, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<13, b> : public engine<13, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<12, b> : public engine<12, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<11, b> : public engine<11, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<10, b> : public engine<10, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 9, b> : public engine< 9, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 8, b> : public engine< 8, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 7, b> : public engine< 7, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 6, b> : public engine< 6, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 5, b> : public engine< 5, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 4, b> : public engine< 4, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 3, b> : public engine< 3, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 2, b> : public engine< 2, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 1, b> : public engine< 1, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 0, b> : public engine< 0, VALUE(*)(VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<-1, b> : public engine<-1, VALUE(*)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)> {
+ using engine<-1, VALUE(*)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)>::define;
+ static inline void define(VALUE c, T m, VALUE(*f)(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)) { F(c, m, reinterpret_cast<type *>(f), -1); }
+ };
+ template<bool b> struct specific<-2, b> : public engine<-2, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ /// @endcond
+};
+
+/* We could perhaps merge this struct into the one above using variadic
+ * template parameters if we could assume C++11, but sadly we cannot. */
+/// @copydoc ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::driver
+template<typename T, void (*F)(T mid, type func, int arity)>
+struct driver0 {
+
+ /// @brief Defines a method
+ /// @tparam N Arity of the function.
+ /// @tparam U The function in question
+ template<int N, typename U>
+ struct engine {
+ RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED("use of ANYARGS is deprecated")
+ /// @copydoc define(T mid, U func)
+ /// @deprecated Pass correctly typed function instead.
+ static inline void
+ define(T mid, type func)
+ {
+ F(mid, func, N);
+ }
+
+ /// @brief Defines Kernel#mid as func, whose arity is N.
+ /// @param[in] mid Name of the method to define.
+ /// @param[in] func Function that implements klass#mid.
+ static inline void
+ define(T mid, U func)
+ {
+ F(mid, reinterpret_cast<type *>(func), N);
+ }
+
+ /// @copydoc define(T mid, U func)
+ /// @deprecated Pass correctly typed function instead.
+ static inline void
+ define(T mid, notimpl_type func)
+ {
+ F(mid, reinterpret_cast<type *>(func), N);
+ }
+ };
+
+ /// @cond INTERNAL_MACRO
+ template<int N, bool = false> struct specific : public engine<N, type *> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<15, b> : public engine<15, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<14, b> : public engine<14, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<13, b> : public engine<13, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<12, b> : public engine<12, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<11, b> : public engine<11, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<10, b> : public engine<10, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 9, b> : public engine< 9, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 8, b> : public engine< 8, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 7, b> : public engine< 7, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 6, b> : public engine< 6, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 5, b> : public engine< 5, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 4, b> : public engine< 4, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 3, b> : public engine< 3, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 2, b> : public engine< 2, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 1, b> : public engine< 1, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific< 0, b> : public engine< 0, VALUE(*)(VALUE)> {};
+ template<bool b> struct specific<-1, b> : public engine<-1, VALUE(*)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)> {
+ using engine<-1, VALUE(*)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)>::define;
+ static inline void define(T m, VALUE(*f)(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)) { F(m, reinterpret_cast<type *>(f), -1); }
+ };
+ template<bool b> struct specific<-2, b> : public engine<-2, VALUE(*)(VALUE, VALUE)> {};
+ /// @endcond
+};
+
+struct rb_define_method : public driver <const char *, ::rb_define_method> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_method.
+struct rb_define_method_id : public driver <ID, ::rb_define_method_id> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_method_id.
+struct rb_define_private_method : public driver <const char *, ::rb_define_private_method> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_private_method.
+struct rb_define_protected_method : public driver <const char *, ::rb_define_protected_method> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_protected_method.
+struct rb_define_singleton_method : public driver <const char *, ::rb_define_singleton_method> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_singleton_method.
+struct rb_define_module_function : public driver <const char *, ::rb_define_module_function> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_module_function.
+struct rb_define_global_function : public driver0<const char *, ::rb_define_global_function> {}; ///< Dispatches appropriate driver for ::rb_define_global_function.
+
+/// @brief Defines klass\#mid.
+/// @param klass Where the method lives.
+/// @copydetails #rb_define_global_function(mid, func, arity)
+#define rb_define_method(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_method::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @copydoc #rb_define_method(klass, mid, func, arity)
+#define rb_define_method_id(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_method_id::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @brief Defines klass\#mid and makes it private.
+/// @copydetails #rb_define_method(klass, mid, func, arity)
+#define rb_define_private_method(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_private_method::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @brief Defines klass\#mid and makes it protected.
+/// @copydetails #rb_define_method
+#define rb_define_protected_method(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_protected_method::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @brief Defines klass.mid.(klass, mid, func, arity)
+/// @copydetails #rb_define_method
+#define rb_define_singleton_method(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_singleton_method::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @brief Defines klass\#mid and makes it a module function.
+/// @copydetails #rb_define_method(klass, mid, func, arity)
+#define rb_define_module_function(klass, mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_module_function::specific<arity>::define(klass, mid, func)
+
+/// @brief Defines ::rb_mKernel \#mid.
+/// @param mid Name of the defining method.
+/// @param func Implementation of \#mid.
+/// @param arity Arity of \#mid.
+#define rb_define_global_function(mid, func, arity) ::ruby::backward::cxxanyargs::define_method::rb_define_global_function::specific<arity>::define(mid, func)
+
+}}}}}
+
+using namespace ruby::backward::cxxanyargs;
+#endif // RUBY_BACKWARD_CXXANYARGS_HPP
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/rubyio.h b/include/ruby/backward/rubyio.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a6e3a7c78b..0000000000
--- a/include/ruby/backward/rubyio.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#if defined __GNUC__
-#warning use "ruby/io.h" instead of "rubyio.h"
-#elif defined _MSC_VER
-#pragma message("warning: use \"ruby/io.h\" instead of \"rubyio.h\"")
-#endif
-#include "ruby/io.h"
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h b/include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 58b13cab1c..0000000000
--- a/include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/**********************************************************************
-
- rubysig.h -
-
- $Author$
- $Date$
- created at: Wed Aug 16 01:15:38 JST 1995
-
- Copyright (C) 1993-2008 Yukihiro Matsumoto
-
-**********************************************************************/
-
-#if defined __GNUC__
-#warning rubysig.h is obsolete
-#elif defined _MSC_VER
-#pragma message("warning: rubysig.h is obsolete")
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RUBYSIG_H
-#define RUBYSIG_H
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#if 0
-} /* satisfy cc-mode */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
-
-#define RUBY_CRITICAL(statements) do {statements;} while (0)
-#define DEFER_INTS (0)
-#define ENABLE_INTS (1)
-#define ALLOW_INTS do {CHECK_INTS;} while (0)
-#define CHECK_INTS rb_thread_check_ints()
-
-RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-#if 0
-{ /* satisfy cc-mode */
-#endif
-} /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/st.h b/include/ruby/backward/st.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e36d44cf8..0000000000
--- a/include/ruby/backward/st.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#if defined __GNUC__
-#warning use "ruby/st.h" instead of bare "st.h"
-#elif defined _MSC_VER
-#pragma message("warning: use \"ruby/st.h\" instead of bare \"st.h\"")
-#endif
-#include "ruby/st.h"
diff --git a/include/ruby/backward/util.h b/include/ruby/backward/util.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 11d32a2da8..0000000000
--- a/include/ruby/backward/util.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#if defined __GNUC__
-#warning use "ruby/util.h" instead of bare "util.h"
-#elif defined _MSC_VER
-#pragma message("warning: use \"ruby/util.h\" instead of bare \"util.h\"")
-#endif
-#include "ruby/util.h"